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The association between dietary intake of magnesium and psychiatric disorders among Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:693-702. [PMID: 30068404 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Findings from clinical trials on the effect of Mg supplementation on depression and anxiety are not generalisable to the community owing to high-dose intervention in short-term periods. Limited observational data are available linking dietary intake of Mg and psychiatric disorders. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake of Mg and psychiatric disorders in a large cross-sectional study on Iranian adults. A total of 3172 Iranian adults (with an age range of 18-55 years) were included in this study. Data on dietary intakes were collected using a validated dish-based 106-item semi-quantitative FFQ. To assess depression and anxiety, an Iranian validated version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used. Furthermore, psychological distress was examined using the General Health Questionnaire. The mean age of men and women was 38·4 (sd 8·2) and 35·1 (sd 7·4) years, respectively. In unadjusted analyses, we found that higher dietary Mg intake was associated with lower odds of anxiety among women (OR 0·61; 95 % CI 0·41, 0·90), such that after taking potential confounders into account women in the highest quintile of Mg intake had a 39 % lower odds of anxiety compared with those in the lowest quintile (OR 0·61; 95 % CI 0·40, 0·93). Moreover, deficient Mg intake was positively associated with anxiety among all women (OR 1·80; 95 % CI 1·19, 2·72) and also normal-weight women (OR 1·73; 95 % CI 1·01, 2·95). In addition, a significant inverse association was found between dietary Mg intake and depression among normal-weight men (OR 0·45; 95 % CI 0·20, 0·99) and overweight women (OR 0·45; 95 % CI 0·24, 0·85). In conclusion, dietary intake of Mg was inversely associated with depression and anxiety. However, such findings were not seen for psychological distress.
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102
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Boldt P, Knechtle B, Nikolaidis P, Lechleitner C, Wirnitzer G, Leitzmann C, Rosemann T, Wirnitzer K. Quality of life of female and male vegetarian and vegan endurance runners compared to omnivores - results from the NURMI study (step 2). J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:33. [PMID: 30016961 PMCID: PMC6050691 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health-related effects of a vegetarian or vegan diet are known to support parameters positively affecting exercise performance in athletes, whereas knowledge about psyche and wellbeing is sparse. Therefore, the aim of the Nutrition and Running High Mileage (NURMI) Study (Step 2) was to compare Quality of Life (QOL) scores among endurance runners following a vegetarian or vegan diet against those who adhere to an omnivorous diet. Methods The study was conducted following a cross-sectional design. A total of 281 recreational runners (159 women, 122 men) completed the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire consisting of the domains physical health, psychological wellbeing, social relationships and environment, which generates scores on a scale from 4 to 20. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA. Results It was found that 123 subjects followed an omnivorous diet and 158 adhered to a vegetarian/vegan diet. There were 173 runners who met the inclusion criteria (‘NURMI-Runners’), among them 103 half-marathoners and 70 marathoners and ultramarathoners, as well as 108 10 km runners as control group. Overall QOL scores were high (~ 16.62 ± 1.91). Men had higher scores than women due to high scores in the physical health and psychological well-being dimensions. Adhering to an omnivorous diet affected environment scores for women and social relationships scores for men. A minor effect concerning race distance was observed in women, where half-marathoners had a higher environmental score than 10-km runners. A moderate diet×race distance interaction on environment scores was shown for men. Conclusions The results revealed that endurance runners had a high QOL regardless of the race distance or diet choice. These findings support the notion that adhering to a vegetarian or vegan diet can be an appropriate and equal alternative to an omnivorous diet. Trial registration ISRCTN73074080. Registered 12th June 2015, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Boldt
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Claus Leitzmann
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Wirnitzer
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Management, Pedagogical University Tyrol, Feldstraße 1/II, 6010, Innsbruck, Austria. .,Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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103
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Taylor AM, Holscher HD. A review of dietary and microbial connections to depression, anxiety, and stress. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:237-250. [PMID: 29985786 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1493808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Pre-clinical evidence suggests that the gastrointestinal microbiota contributes to mood and behavior disorders. Among humans, diet quality and patterns, which also impact the gastrointestinal microbiota, have been linked to depression, anxiety, and stress. This review summarizes findings from clinical studies using dietary intervention to improve depression, anxiety, or stress and the role the gastrointestinal microbiota may have in these disorders.Methods: A literature search was conducted using the keywords microbiome, microbiota, depression, anxiety, stress, diet, dietary pattern, diet quality, fiber, prebiotics, probiotics, and mood.Results: Mood was improved by enhancing diet quality. Fructooligosaccharide and galactooligosaccharide improved anxiety and depression in participants consuming ≥ 5 g/day. Additionally, bifidobacteria were enriched in subjects consuming ≥ 5 g/day. Probiotic consumption improved psychological or biological measures of depression, anxiety, or stress in individuals predisposed to a mood disorder. Probiotics suppressed biological markers of stress in healthy individuals in a strain-dependent manner.Discussion: High-quality diets, prebiotics, and probiotics may beneficially affect mood. Habitual diets rich in dietary fiber and omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids may be linked to reduced risk of developing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress; however, additional studies are necessary. Certain probiotics may enhance mood, but their influence on the gastrointestinal microbiota requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Taylor
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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104
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Study Protocol for a Randomized Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial Exploring the Effectiveness of a Micronutrient Formula in Improving Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5020056. [PMID: 30720786 PMCID: PMC6023275 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anxiety and depression are conferring an increasing burden on society. Although treatments exist for both conditions, side effects, and difficulties accessing treatment prevent many people from receiving adequate assistance. Nutritional approaches have demonstrated some success in treating anxiety and depression. We plan to investigate whether a micronutrient formula, Daily Essential Nutrients, improves symptoms of anxiety and depression compared to a placebo in a community recruited sample. Methods: This will be a randomized, double blind placebo controlled study (RCT). Two hundred adults will be assigned to either a placebo or micronutrient group (placebo or Daily Essential Nutrients (DEN)) in a 1:1 ratio. Baseline data will be collected for 2 weeks, followed by 10 weeks of placebo or micronutrient intervention. Psychometrics will be used to measure progress and participant safety will be monitored weekly. Results: The primary outcome measures will be total scores on three measures of symptom severity at 10 weeks. Linear mixed modelling will be used to measure between group differences and effect sizes will be calculated using pooled mean scores and standard deviations over the course of the trial. Conclusions: If effective, micronutrients could provide an alternative treatment, with fewer barriers and adverse events than currently available treatments.
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105
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Antenatal diet and postpartum depressive symptoms: A prospective study. Midwifery 2018; 62:69-76. [PMID: 29655007 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Postnatal depression is a critical public health concern, and gaining a better understanding of possible causes is paramount. Recently, diet quality during pregnancy has emerged as a possible preventative measure in ameliorating postnatal depression, however the evidence-base exploring this association is immature. The aim of this study was to examine the association between consumption of food groups characteristic of a quality diet during pregnancy (that is fruit, vegetable and fish intake) and postnatal depressive symptoms at 12 months postpartum. Pregnant women were recruited at 10-18 weeks gestation via advertising on online pregnancy forums, pregnancy and parenting magazines, and two Australian maternity clinics. Participants (n = 253) completed self-report questionnaires assessing fruit, vegetable and fish intake as well as depressive symptoms at early- to mid- pregnancy. Path analyses were conducted to examine whether fruit, vegetable and fish intake during pregnancy were associated with depressive symptom scores at 12 months postpartum. There were no associations between fruit, vegetable or fish intake in pregnancy and postnatal depressive symptoms. Antenatal diet quality as measured by intake of food groups associated with a healthy diet was not associated with postpartum depressive symptoms at 12 months postpartum. Future research should consider the exploration of dietary quality as a measure of overall adherence to evidence-based dietary guidelines.
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106
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Arévalo SP, Scott TM, Falcón LM, Tucker KL. Vitamin B-6 and depressive symptomatology, over time, in older Latino adults. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 22:625-636. [PMID: 29338677 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1422904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Low vitamin B-6 status has been linked to depressive symptomatology. We examined the longitudinal association of vitamin B-6 status with depressive symptomatology across 3-time points over ∼5-7 years in a cohort of older Hispanic adults. Methods: We used two-level hierarchical linear regression models for continuous outcomes. Vitamin B-6 status was associated with depressive symptomatology across these time points. Results: Plasma pyridoxyl-5-phosphate (PLP) concentration, a time-varying predictor, was significantly associated with depressive symptomatology. Study participants with PLP deficiency, vs. optimal PLP, had higher baseline depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) score of 22 ± 14, vs. 20 ± 13); this differential remained constant over time and persisted after controlling for age, sex, education, body mass index, smoking and alcohol use, other relevant nutritional factors, perceived stress, stressful life events, allostatic load, and use of antidepressant medication. However, PLP concentration was not associated with the rate of change in depressive symptomatology over time. Conclusions: Suboptimal plasma PLP is associated with higher depressive symptomatology in older Hispanic of Puerto Rican descent and this appears to persist over time. Our data suggest that identification and treatment of vitamin B-6 deficiency may be a useful preventive approach in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P Arévalo
- a College of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell , MA , USA
| | - Tammy M Scott
- b Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Luis M Falcón
- c College of Fine Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell , MA , USA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- a College of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell , MA , USA
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107
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Molendijk M, Molero P, Ortuño Sánchez-Pedreño F, Van der Does W, Angel Martínez-González M. Diet quality and depression risk: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Affect Disord 2018; 226:346-354. [PMID: 29031185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been claimed that the quality of a diet is associated with the incidence of depressive disorders. We sought to investigate the evidence for this claim. METHODS Systematic searches were performed up to March 6th, 2017 in order to identify prospective cohort studies that reported on exposure to dietary patterns or food groups and the incidence of depression/depressive symptoms. Data from 24 independent cohorts (totalling 1,959,217 person-years) were pooled in random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS Adherence to a high-quality diet, regardless of type (i.e., healthy/prudent or Mediterranean), was associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms over time (odds ratios ranged 0.64-0.78 in a linear dose-response fashion [P < 0.01]). A relatively low dietary inflammatory index was also associated with a somewhat lower incidence of depressive symptom (odds ratio = 0.81), although not in a dose-response fashion. Similar associations were found for the consumption of fish and vegetables (odds ratios 0.86 and 0.82 respectively) but not for other high quality food groups (e.g., fruit). Studies that controlled for depression severity at baseline or that used a formal diagnosis as outcome did not yield statistically significant findings. Adherence to low quality diets and food groups was not associated with higher depression incidence. LIMITATIONS Our ability to detect confounders was only limited. CONCLUSION There is evidence that a higher quality of a diet is associated with a lower risk for the onset of depressive symptoms, but not all available results are consistent with the hypothesis that diet influences depression risk. Prospective studies that control for relevant confounders such as obesity incidence and randomized controlled prevention trials are needed to increase the validity of findings in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Molendijk
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands; University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Patricio Molero
- University of Navarra, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortuño Sánchez-Pedreño
- University of Navarra, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Willem Van der Does
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Angel Martínez-González
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; CIBER-OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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108
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Gramaglia C, Gambaro E, Bartolomei G, Camera P, Chiarelli-Serra M, Lorenzini L, Zeppegno P. Increased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Antidepressants Users: A Mini Review. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:621. [PMID: 30546325 PMCID: PMC6279880 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has shown that the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is substantially overlapping in the diagnostic subgroups of psychiatric disorders. While it is widely acknowledged that patients receiving antipsychotic medications are at higher risk of MetS than antipsychotic-naive ones, the association between antidepressants and MetS is still debated. The goal of our mini review was to analyse the relationship among depressive symptoms, antidepressant use and the occurrence of MetS. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, reference lists and journals, using the following search string: ((("Mental Disorders"[Mesh]) AND "Metabolic Syndrome"[Mesh]) AND "Antidepressive Agents"[Mesh]), and retrieved 36 records. Two reviewers independently assessed records and the mini review eventually included the data extracted from 8 studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the selected studies. Overall, the results of the mini review seem to support the association among depressive symptoms, antidepressants therapy and MetS. Except for H1-R high-affinity ones, the relationship between antidepressants and MetS still needs to be clarified. Considering the widespread prescription of antidepressants, both on behalf of psychiatrists and primary care physicians, further research on this topic is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gramaglia
- Psychiatry Ward, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gambaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bartolomei
- Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Camera
- Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Maira Chiarelli-Serra
- Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Psychiatry Ward, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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109
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Froud A, Murphy J, Cribb L, Ng CH, Sarris J. The relationship between dietary quality, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level, and the Val66met polymorphism in predicting depression. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:513-521. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1415281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Froud
- ARCADIA Mental Health Research Group, Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, 2 Salisbury St, Melbourne 3121, Australia
| | - Jenifer Murphy
- ARCADIA Mental Health Research Group, Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, 2 Salisbury St, Melbourne 3121, Australia
| | - Lachlan Cribb
- ARCADIA Mental Health Research Group, Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, 2 Salisbury St, Melbourne 3121, Australia
| | - Chee H. Ng
- ARCADIA Mental Health Research Group, Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, 2 Salisbury St, Melbourne 3121, Australia
| | - Jerome Sarris
- ARCADIA Mental Health Research Group, Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, 2 Salisbury St, Melbourne 3121, Australia
- NICM, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Australia
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110
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Arvidsson L, Eiben G, Hunsberger M, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Molnar D, Jilani H, Thumann B, Veidebaum T, Russo P, Tornatitis M, Santaliestra-Pasías AM, Pala V, Lissner L. Bidirectional associations between psychosocial well-being and adherence to healthy dietary guidelines in European children: prospective findings from the IDEFICS study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:926. [PMID: 29237434 PMCID: PMC5729410 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In children the relationship between a healthy diet and psychosocial well-being has not been fully explored and the existing evidence is inconsistent. This study investigates the chronology of the association between children’s adherence to healthy dietary guidelines and their well-being, with special attention to the influence of weight status on the association. Methods Seven thousand six hundred seventy five children 2 to 9 years old from the eight-country cohort study IDEFICS were investigated. They were first examined between September 2007 and June 2008 and re-examined again 2 years later. Psychosocial well-being was measured using self-esteem and parent relations questions from the KINDL® and emotional and peer problems from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. A Healthy Dietary Adherence Score (HDAS) was calculated from a 43-item food frequency questionnaire as a measure of the degree to which children’s dietary intake follows nutrition guidelines. The analysis employed multilevel logistic regression (country as random effect) with bidirectional modeling of dichotomous dietary and well-being variables as both exposures and outcomes while controlling for respective baseline values. Results A higher HDAS at baseline was associated with better self-esteem (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0;1.4) and fewer emotional and peer problems (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1;1.3 and OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2;1.4) 2 years later. For the reversed direction, better self-esteem was associated with higher HDAS 2 years later (OR 1.1 95% CI 1.0;1.29). The analysis stratified by weight status revealed that the associations between higher HDAS at baseline and better well-being at follow-up were similar in both normal weight and overweight children. Conclusion Present findings suggest a bidirectional relation between diet quality and self-esteem. Additionally, higher adherence to healthy dietary guidelines at baseline was associated with fewer emotional and peer problems at follow-up, independent of children’s weight status. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-017-4920-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Arvidsson
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gabriele Eiben
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monica Hunsberger
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Denes Molnar
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Hannah Jilani
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, 283 59, Bremen, Germany
| | - Barbara Thumann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, 283 59, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR Via Roma, 64-83100, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Alba M Santaliestra-Pasías
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development) Research group, University of Zaragoza; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Valeria Pala
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Lauren Lissner
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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111
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Hoare E, Dash SR, Varsamis P, Jennings GL, Kingwell BA. Fasting Plasma Glucose, Self-Appraised Diet Quality and Depressive Symptoms: A US-Representative Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121330. [PMID: 29215576 PMCID: PMC5748780 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) contribute significantly to global burden of disease and often co-occur. Underpinning type 2 diabetes is poor glycaemic control and glucose is also an obligatory substrate for brain metabolism, with potential implications for cognition, motivation and mood. This research aimed to examine the relationships between fasting plasma glucose and depressive symptoms in a large, population representative sample of US adults, controlling for other demographic and lifestyle behavioural risk factors. Using the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, this study first investigated the relationship between fasting plasma glucose and mental disorders at a population-level, accounting for demographic, health behavioural and weight-related factors known to co-occur with both type 2 diabetes and mental disorders. Depressive symptoms were derived from the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Fasting plasma glucose was obtained through medical examination and demographic (age, household income, sex) and health characteristics (perceived diet quality, daily time sedentary) were self-reported. Body mass index was calculated from objectively measured height and weight. In the univariate model, higher fasting plasma glucose was associated with greater depressive symptoms among females (b = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.43, p < 0.05), but not males. In the final fully adjusted model, the relationship between fasting plasma glucose and depressive symptoms was non-significant for both males and females. Of all independent variables, self-appraised diet quality was strongly and significantly associated with depressive symptoms and this remained significant when individuals with diabetes were excluded. Although diet quality was self-reported based on individuals’ perceptions, these findings are consistent with a role for poor diet in the relationship between fasting plasma glucose and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hoare
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Sarah R Dash
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Pia Varsamis
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Garry L Jennings
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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112
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The association of whole and refined grains consumption with psychological disorders among Iranian adults. Eur J Nutr 2017; 58:211-225. [PMID: 29189904 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although several studies have examined the link between different types of carbohydrate consumption and depression and anxiety, limited data are available linking whole and refined grains consumption to psychological disorders. We aimed to investigate the association of whole and refined grains consumption with psychological disorders among Iranian adults. METHODS A total of 3172 adult people with age range of 18-55 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Data on grains consumption were collected using a validated dish-based 106-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. To assess depression and anxiety, Iranian validated version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was applied. Furthermore, psychological distress was examined using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Psychological disorders were defined based on standard criteria. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 36.5 ± 7.9 years. Women in the third quartile of whole grains consumption had lower odds for having anxiety (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.85) compared with those in the first quartile. This relationship was also seen even after controlling for potential confounders (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44-0.96). In contrast, compared with the first quartile, women in the highest quartile of refined grains consumption had greater odds to have depression (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.00-3.09) and anxiety (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.00-4.10) after adjusting for covariates. Such relationships were not observed among men. CONCLUSION Moderate consumption of whole grain foods was inversely associated with anxiety in women, but not in men. Furthermore, we found a significant positive association between refined grains consumption, depression and anxiety in women.
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113
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Rius-Ottenheim N, Kromhout D, Sijtsma FPC, Geleijnse JM, Giltay EJ. Dietary patterns and mental health after myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186368. [PMID: 29036212 PMCID: PMC5642887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet has been associated with better mental health in general populations, but less is known on this association in patients with a history of coronary heart disease. The objective of this study is to examine the cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns and mental health in elderly patients with a history of myocardial infarction. METHODS Data were drawn from the final assessment of the Alpha Omega cohort that monitored patients with a history of myocardial infarction (age range 60-80 years). 2171 patients with complete data for diet and mental health were included in this study. Diet was assessed with the 203-item Food Frequency Questionnaire, and subsequently categorized into two scores: the Dutch Healthy Nutrient and Food Score (DHNaFS) and the Dutch Undesirable Nutrient and Food Score (DUNaFS). Depressive symptoms, assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and dispositional optimism, assessed with the 4-item questionnaire (4Q), were cross-sectionally analyzed in relation to dietary patterns using linear regression analysis. RESULTS Patients were on average 72.2 years old and 79.5% were male. The DHNaFS score was associated with less depressive symptoms and higher dispositional optimism (β = -0.108; P<0.001; and β = 0.074; P<0.001), whereas no associations were found with the DUNaFS score. Particularly, consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish, and low fat-dairy were associated with less depressive symptoms and higher optimism. Similar associations were found when analyzing the association between average DHNaFS score over the preceding 41 months with depression β = -0.085; P<0.001) and higher dispositional optimism (β = 0.084; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS A healthy dietary pattern, in particular a higher consumption of vegetables, fruit, whole grains, fish and low-fat dairy, was associated with less depressive symptoms and higher optimism. However, given the cross-sectional nature of our analyses, our findings may also be explained by more optimistic participants making healthier food choices. Therefore, future prospective or interventions studies are needed to establish the direction of causality of this association. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03192410.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Rius-Ottenheim
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Haarlem, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Daan Kromhout
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Femke P. C. Sijtsma
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Erik J. Giltay
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Mental illness, including depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder, accounts for a significant proportion of global disability and poses a substantial social, economic and heath burden. Treatment is presently dominated by pharmacotherapy, such as antidepressants, and psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy; however, such treatments avert less than half of the disease burden, suggesting that additional strategies are needed to prevent and treat mental disorders. There are now consistent mechanistic, observational and interventional data to suggest diet quality may be a modifiable risk factor for mental illness. This review provides an overview of the nutritional psychiatry field. It includes a discussion of the neurobiological mechanisms likely modulated by diet, the use of dietary and nutraceutical interventions in mental disorders, and recommendations for further research. Potential biological pathways related to mental disorders include inflammation, oxidative stress, the gut microbiome, epigenetic modifications and neuroplasticity. Consistent epidemiological evidence, particularly for depression, suggests an association between measures of diet quality and mental health, across multiple populations and age groups; these do not appear to be explained by other demographic, lifestyle factors or reverse causality. Our recently published intervention trial provides preliminary clinical evidence that dietary interventions in clinically diagnosed populations are feasible and can provide significant clinical benefit. Furthermore, nutraceuticals including n-3 fatty acids, folate, S-adenosylmethionine, N-acetyl cysteine and probiotics, among others, are promising avenues for future research. Continued research is now required to investigate the efficacy of intervention studies in large cohorts and within clinically relevant populations, particularly in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar and anxiety disorders.
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115
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Kemp AH. Editorial: Mechanisms Underpinning the Link between Emotion, Physical Health, and Longevity. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1338. [PMID: 28824515 PMCID: PMC5539222 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Kemp
- Department of Psychology and the Health and Wellbeing Academy, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea UniversitySwansea, United Kingdom.,School of Psychology and Discipline of Psychiatry, University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
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Cunningham CE, Zipursky RB, Christensen BK, Bieling PJ, Madsen V, Rimas H, Mielko S, Wilson F, Furimsky I, Jeffs L, Munn C. Modeling the mental health service utilization decisions of university undergraduates: A discrete choice conjoint experiment. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2017; 65:389-399. [PMID: 28511031 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1322090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We modeled design factors influencing the intent to use a university mental health service. PARTICIPANTS Between November 2012 and October 2014, 909 undergraduates participated. METHOD Using a discrete choice experiment, participants chose between hypothetical campus mental health services. RESULTS Latent class analysis identified three segments. A Psychological/Psychiatric Service segment (45.5%) was most likely to contact campus health services delivered by psychologists or psychiatrists. An Alternative Service segment (39.3%) preferred to talk to peer-counselors who had experienced mental health problems. A Hesitant segment (15.2%) reported greater distress but seemed less intent on seeking help. They preferred services delivered by psychologists or psychiatrists. Simulations predicted that, rather than waiting for standard counseling, the Alternative Service segment would prefer immediate access to E-Mental health. The Usual Care and Hesitant segments would wait 6 months for standard counseling. CONCLUSIONS E-Mental Health options could engage students who may not wait for standard services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Cunningham
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
- b Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Robert B Zipursky
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
- c Mental Health and Addiction Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Bruce K Christensen
- d Research School of Psychology , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
| | - Peter J Bieling
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
- c Mental Health and Addiction Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Heather Rimas
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Stephanie Mielko
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Fiona Wilson
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
- c Mental Health and Addiction Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Ivana Furimsky
- c Mental Health and Addiction Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Lisa Jeffs
- f Youth Wellness Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Catharine Munn
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
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117
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Puloka 'I, Utter J, Denny S, Fleming T. Dietary behaviours and the mental well-being of New Zealand adolescents. J Paediatr Child Health 2017; 53:657-662. [PMID: 28394088 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the associations between diet and mental health indicators in adolescents. METHODS Data were drawn from the Youth 2012 survey, a national survey of the health and well-being of adolescents in New Zealand (n = 8500). Multiple regression models were used to determine the associations between healthy and unhealthy eating and mental health indicators while adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, small area deprivation and household poverty as covariates. RESULTS Approximately 30% of young people in the lowest quartile for healthy eating reported significant depressive symptoms. Greater healthy eating was significantly associated with fewer depressive symptoms, better well-being and fewer emotional difficulties (all P < 0.001 after adjusting for covariates). Greater unhealthy eating was significantly associated with greater depressive symptoms, poorer well-being and greater emotional difficulties (all P < 0.001 after adjusting for covariates). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study contribute to a growing body of literature that indicate that eating behaviours are associated with mental health indicators among adolescents. Findings from the current study suggest that efforts to enhance healthy eating may also have a positive impact on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- 'Ilaisaane Puloka
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer Utter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Denny
- Department of Community Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Terry Fleming
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Gregório MJ, Rodrigues AM, Eusébio M, Sousa RD, Dias S, André B, Grønning K, Coelho PS, Mendes JM, Graça P, Espnes GA, Branco JC, Canhão H. Dietary Patterns Characterized by High Meat Consumption Are Associated with Other Unhealthy Life Styles and Depression Symptoms. Front Nutr 2017; 4:25. [PMID: 28660194 PMCID: PMC5469910 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify dietary patterns (DPs) of Portuguese adults, to assess their socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle determinants, and to identify their impact on health. DESIGN EpiDoC 2 study included 10,153 Portuguese adults from the EpiDoC Cohort, a population-based study. In this study, trained research assistants using computer-assisted telephone interview collected socioeconomic, demographic, dietary, lifestyles, and health information from March 2013 to July 2015. Cluster analysis was performed, based on questions regarding the number of meals, weekly frequency of soup consumption, vegetables, fruit, meat, fish, dairy products, and daily water intake. Factors associated with DP were identified through logistic regression models. RESULTS Two DPs were identified: the "meat dietary pattern" and the "fruit & vegetables dietary pattern." After multivariable adjustment, women (OR = 0.52; p < 0.001), older adults (OR = 0.97; p < 0.001), and individuals with more years of education (OR = 0.96; p = 0.025) were less likely to adopt the "meat dietary pattern," while individuals in a situation of job insecurity/unemployment (OR = 1.49; p = 0.013), Azores island residents (OR = 1.40; p = 0.026), current smoking (OR = 1.58; p = 0.001), daily alcohol intake (OR = 1.46; p = 0.023), and physically inactive (OR = 1.86; p < 0.001) were positively and significantly associated with "meat dietary pattern." Moreover, individuals with depression symptoms (OR = 1.50; p = 0.018) and the ones who did lower number of medical appointments in the previous year (OR = 0.98; p = 0.025) were less likely to report this DP. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that unhealthy DPs (meat DP) are part of a lifestyle behavior that includes physical inactivity, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption. Moreover, depression symptoms are also associated with unhealthy DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Gregório
- EpiDoC Unit, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC) da NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS/UNL), Lisboa, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Programa Nacional para a Promoção da Alimentação Saudável, Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Rodrigues
- EpiDoC Unit, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC) da NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS/UNL), Lisboa, Portugal.,Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal.,Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Rute Dinis Sousa
- EpiDoC Unit, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC) da NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS/UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Dias
- EpiDoC Unit, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC) da NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS/UNL), Lisboa, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Beate André
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjersti Grønning
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pedro S Coelho
- NOVA Information Management School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge M Mendes
- NOVA Information Management School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Graça
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Programa Nacional para a Promoção da Alimentação Saudável, Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Geir A Espnes
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jaime C Branco
- EpiDoC Unit, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC) da NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS/UNL), Lisboa, Portugal.,Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal.,Serviço de Reumatologia do Hospital Egas Moniz - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental (CHLO - E.P.E.), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Canhão
- EpiDoC Unit, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC) da NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS/UNL), Lisboa, Portugal.,Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal
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119
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Richard A, Rohrmann S, Vandeleur CL, Lasserre AM, Strippoli MPF, Eichholzer M, Glaus J, Marques-Vidal P, Vollenweider P, Preisig M. Adherence to dietary recommendations is not associated with depression in two Swiss population-based samples. Psychiatry Res 2017; 252:310-318. [PMID: 28327446 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about adherence to dietary recommendations and depression. Furthermore, dietary habits may differ among depression subtypes, which has not been evaluated previously. Two population-based Swiss studies, including 3620 individuals from PsyCoLaus and 11,032 individuals from the Swiss Health Survey 2012 (SHS), were used to examine the associations between adherence to common dietary guidelines and odds of depressive disorders. In both studies, depression was assessed by validated instruments. Adherence to dietary recommendations were assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (PsyCoLaus) and by single item questions (SHS). Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of adhering to dietary recommendations with depression. For the analyses of diet with depression subtypes maximum-likelihood multinomial (polytomous) logistic regression analyses were conducted. No association of adherence to dietary recommendations with current major depressive disorder (MDD) was observed in any of the two study populations except for adherence to fish consumption, which was positively associated with MDD in the SHS. For depression subtypes, statistically significantly positive associations of vegetable consumption and adherence to the 5-a-day recommendation with current unspecified and current melancholic MDD were found. In conclusion, we don't see consistent associations between adherence to dietary recommendations and MDD or subtypes of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Richard
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Caroline L Vandeleur
- Centre for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie M Lasserre
- Centre for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Pierre F Strippoli
- Centre for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Monika Eichholzer
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Glaus
- Centre for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland; Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Centre for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
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120
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Opie RS, O'Neil A, Jacka FN, Pizzinga J, Itsiopoulos C. A modified Mediterranean dietary intervention for adults with major depression: Dietary protocol and feasibility data from the SMILES trial. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:487-501. [PMID: 28424045 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1312841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SMILES trial was the first randomized controlled trial (RCT) explicitly designed to evaluate a dietary intervention, conducted by qualified dietitians, for reducing depressive symptomatology in adults with clinical depression. OBJECTIVES Here we detail the development of the prescribed diet (modified Mediterranean diet (ModiMedDiet)) for individuals with major depressive disorders (MDDs) that was designed specifically for the SMILES trial. We also present data demonstrating the extent to which this intervention achieved improvements in diet quality. METHODS The ModiMedDiet was designed using a combination of existing dietary guidelines and scientific evidence from the emerging field of nutritional psychiatric epidemiology. Sixty-seven community dwelling individuals (Melbourne, Australia) aged 18 years or over, with current poor quality diets, and MDDs were enrolled into the SMILES trial. A retention rate of 93.9 and 73.5% was observed for the dietary intervention and social support control group, respectively. The dietary intervention (ModiMedDiet) consisted of seven individual nutrition counselling sessions delivered by a qualified dietitian. The control condition comprised a social support protocol matched to the same visit schedule and length. RESULTS This manuscript details the first prescriptive individualized dietary intervention delivered by dietitians for adults with major depression. Significant improvements in dietary quality were observed among individuals randomized to the ModiMedDiet group. These dietary improvements were also found to be associated with changes in depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION The ModiMedDiet, a novel and individually tailored intervention designed specifically for adults with major depression, can be effectively implemented in clinical practice to manage this highly prevalent and debilitating condition. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12612000251820. Registered 29 February 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle S Opie
- a School of Allied Health , La Trobe University , Bundoora , VIC , Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- b Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT SRC , Deakin University , Geelong , VIC , Australia.,c Melbourne School of Population and Global Health , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC , Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- b Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT SRC , Deakin University , Geelong , VIC , Australia.,d Department of Psychiatry , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC , Australia.,e Centre for Adolescent Health , Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , Parkville , VIC , Australia.,f Black Dog Institute , Randwick , NSW , Australia
| | - Josephine Pizzinga
- b Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT SRC , Deakin University , Geelong , VIC , Australia
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121
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Lee JE, Bisht B, Hall MJ, Rubenstein LM, Louison R, Klein DT, Wahls TL. A Multimodal, Nonpharmacologic Intervention Improves Mood and Cognitive Function in People with Multiple Sclerosis. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 36:150-168. [PMID: 28394724 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1255160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine whether participation in a 12-month multimodal intervention would improve mood and cognitive function in adults with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS In this one-arm, open-label feasibility trial, participants were prescribed a home-based multimodal intervention, including (1) a modified Paleolithic diet; (2) an exercise program (stretching and strengthening of the trunk and lower limb muscles); (3) neuromuscular electrical stimulation (EStim) of trunk and lower limb muscles; and (4) stress management (meditation and self-massage). Individuals completed measures of mood (Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories) and cognitive (Cognitive Stability Index, Cognitive Screening Test, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System) and executive function (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the start of the intervention. Dosage of the multimodal intervention was assessed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. RESULTS The more individuals participated in the intervention activities, the greater improvements they had from baseline to 12 months on self-report measures of anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]; ps = 0.001 to 0.02), depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]; ps = <0.0001 to 0.09), cognitive function (Cognitive Stability Index [CSI/T], Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System [DKEFS]; ps = 0.001 to 0.06), and executive function (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale [WAIS]; ps = <0.0001 to 0.09). Mood and cognitive improvements were more closely related to a higher intake of the modified Paleolithic diet than to exercise and stress management dosage. Anxiety and depression changes were evident after just a few months, whereas changes in cognitive function were generally not observed until later in the intervention period. Mood and cognitive function changes from baseline to 12 months were significantly associated with fatigue improvements (ps = <0.0001 to 0.03). CONCLUSIONS A modified Paleolithic diet, exercise, EStim, and stress management intervention like this one has the potential to improve the mood and cognitive symptoms that can lead to considerable suffering in people with MS, potentially improving quality of life and function for people with progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Lee
- a Department of Psychology , Mount Mercy University , Cedar Rapids , Iowa.,b College of Nursing, The University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa
| | - Babita Bisht
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa
| | - Michael J Hall
- d Department of Psychiatry , Iowa City VA Health Care System , Iowa City , Iowa.,e Department of Psychiatry , Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa
| | | | - Rebecca Louison
- a Department of Psychology , Mount Mercy University , Cedar Rapids , Iowa
| | - Danielle T Klein
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa
| | - Terry L Wahls
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa.,g Extended Care and Rehabilitation Service Line, Iowa City VA Health Care System , Iowa City , Iowa
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122
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Davison KM, Gondara L, Kaplan BJ. Food Insecurity, Poor Diet Quality, and Suboptimal Intakes of Folate and Iron Are Independently Associated with Perceived Mental Health in Canadian Adults. Nutrients 2017; 9:E274. [PMID: 28335418 PMCID: PMC5372937 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To address nutrition-related population mental health data gaps, we examined relationships among food insecurity, diet quality, and perceived mental health. METHODS Stratified and logistic regression analyses of respondents aged 19-70 years from the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2 were conducted (n = 15,546). Measures included the Household Food Security Survey Module, diet quality (i.e., comparisons to the Dietary Reference Intakes, Healthy Eating Index), perceived mental health (poor versus good), sociodemographics, and smoking. RESULTS In this sample, 6.9% were food insecure and 4.5% reported poor mental health. Stratified analysis of food security and mental health status by age/gender found associations for poor diet quality, protein, fat, fibre, and several micronutrients (p-values < 0.05); those who were food insecure tended to have higher suboptimal intakes (p-values < 0.05). After adjustment for covariates, associations in relation to mental health emerged for food insecurity (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.45-1.71), poor diet quality (1.61, 95% CI 1.34-1.81), and suboptimal intakes of folate (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.17-1.90) and iron (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.23-1.88). CONCLUSIONS Population approaches that improve food security and intakes of high quality diets may protect people from poor mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Davison
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia and Health Science Program, Department of Biology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC V3W 2M8, Canada.
| | - Lovedeep Gondara
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Springfield and Department of Computer Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Bonnie J Kaplan
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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123
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Meegan AP, Perry IJ, Phillips CM. The Association between Dietary Quality and Dietary Guideline Adherence with Mental Health Outcomes in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030238. [PMID: 28273871 PMCID: PMC5372901 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of adverse mental health outcomes in adults is increasing. Although beneficial effects of selected micronutrients and foods on mental health have been reported, they do not reflect the impact of the habitual diet on mental health. Therefore, our objective is to examine potential associations between dietary quality, dietary composition and compliance with food pyramid recommendations with depressive symptoms, anxiety and well-being (assessed using CES-D, HADS-A and WHO-5 screening tools) in a cross-sectional sample of 2047 middle-aged adults. Diet was assessed using a self-completed FFQ. Chi-square tests, t-tests and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between dietary components and mental health outcomes. Dietary quality, but not dietary composition or guideline adherence, was associated with well-being. Those with high dietary quality were more likely to report well-being (OR =1.67, 95% CI 1.15-2.44, p = 0.007) relative to those with low dietary quality. This remained significant among females (OR = 1.92, (95% CI 1.14-3.23, p = 0.014) and non-obese individuals (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.28-3.20, p = 0.003). No associations between any dietary measures with anxiety or depressive symptoms were observed. These novel results highlight the importance of dietary quality in maintaining optimal psychological well-being. Better understanding of the relationship between dietary quality and mental health may provide insight into potential therapeutic or intervention strategies to improve mental health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy P Meegan
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Ivan J Perry
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork Western Gateway Building, Western Rd, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Catherine M Phillips
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork Western Gateway Building, Western Rd, Cork, Ireland.
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Jacka FN. Nutritional Psychiatry: Where to Next? EBioMedicine 2017; 17:24-29. [PMID: 28242200 PMCID: PMC5360575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nascent field of 'Nutritional Psychiatry' offers much promise for addressing the large disease burden associated with mental disorders. A consistent evidence base from the observational literature confirms that the quality of individuals' diets is related to their risk for common mental disorders, such as depression. This is the case across countries and age groups. Moreover, new intervention studies implementing dietary changes suggest promise for the prevention and treatment of depression. Concurrently, data point to the utility of selected nutraceuticals as adjunctive treatments for mental disorders and as monotherapies for conditions such as ADHD. Finally, new studies focused on understanding the biological pathways that mediate the observed relationships between diet, nutrition and mental health are pointing to the immune system, oxidative biology, brain plasticity and the microbiome-gut-brain axis as key targets for nutritional interventions. On the other hand, the field is currently limited by a lack of data and methodological issues such as heterogeneity, residual confounding, measurement error, and challenges in measuring and ensuring dietary adherence in intervention studies. Key challenges for the field are to now: replicate, refine and scale up promising clinical and population level dietary strategies; identify a clear set of biological pathways and targets that mediate the identified associations; conduct scientifically rigorous nutraceutical and 'psychobiotic' interventions that also examine predictors of treatment response; conduct observational and experimental studies in psychosis focused on dietary and related risk factors and treatments; and continue to advocate for policy change to improve the food environment at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice N Jacka
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia; International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR).
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125
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Davey CG, Chanen AM. The unfulfilled promise of the antidepressant medications. Med J Aust 2017; 204:348-50. [PMID: 27169968 DOI: 10.5694/mja16.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Australia has one of the highest rates of antidepressant use in the world; it has more than doubled since 2000, despite evidence showing that the effectiveness of these medications is lower than previously thought. An increasing placebo response rate is a key reason for falling effectiveness, with the gap between response to medications and placebo narrowing. Psychotherapies are effective treatments, but recent evidence from high-quality studies suggests that their effectiveness is also modest. Combined treatment with medication and psychotherapy provides greater effectiveness than either alone. The number of patients receiving psychotherapy had been declining, although this trend is probably reversing with the Medicare Better Access to Mental Health Care initiative. Antidepressant medications still have an important role in the treatment of moderate to severe depression; they should be provided as part of an overall treatment plan that includes psychotherapy and lifestyle strategies to improve diet and increase exercise. When medications are prescribed, they should be used in a way that maximises their chance of effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Davey
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Andrew M Chanen
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC
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126
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Wade AT, Davis CR, Dyer KA, Hodgson JM, Woodman RJ, Keage HAD, Murphy KJ. A Mediterranean Diet to Improve Cardiovascular and Cognitive Health: Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Intervention Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:E145. [PMID: 28212320 PMCID: PMC5331576 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet has demonstrated efficacy for improving cardiovascular and cognitive health. However, a traditional Mediterranean diet delivers fewer serves of dairy and less dietary calcium than is currently recommended in Australia, which may limit long-term sustainability. The present study aims to evaluate whether a Mediterranean diet with adequate dairy and calcium can improve cardiovascular and cognitive function in an at-risk population, and thereby reduce risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive decline. A randomised, controlled, parallel, crossover design trial will compare a Mediterranean diet supplemented with dairy foods against a low-fat control diet. Forty participants with systolic blood pressure above 120 mmHg and at least two other risk factors of CVD will undertake each dietary intervention for eight weeks, with an eight-week washout period between interventions. Systolic blood pressure will be the primary measure of interest. Secondary outcomes will include measures of cardiometabolic health, dietary compliance, cognitive function, assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), psychological well-being and dementia risk. This research will provide empirical evidence as to whether the Mediterranean diet can be modified to provide recommended dairy and calcium intakes while continuing to deliver positive effects for cardiovascular and cognitive health. The findings will hold relevance for the field of preventative healthcare and may contribute to revisions of national dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Wade
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Courtney R Davis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Kathryn A Dyer
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Richard J Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Hannah A D Keage
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Karen J Murphy
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
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127
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Jacka FN, O'Neil A, Opie R, Itsiopoulos C, Cotton S, Mohebbi M, Castle D, Dash S, Mihalopoulos C, Chatterton ML, Brazionis L, Dean OM, Hodge AM, Berk M. A randomised controlled trial of dietary improvement for adults with major depression (the 'SMILES' trial). BMC Med 2017; 15:23. [PMID: 28137247 PMCID: PMC5282719 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The possible therapeutic impact of dietary changes on existing mental illness is largely unknown. Using a randomised controlled trial design, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of a dietary improvement program for the treatment of major depressive episodes. METHODS 'SMILES' was a 12-week, parallel-group, single blind, randomised controlled trial of an adjunctive dietary intervention in the treatment of moderate to severe depression. The intervention consisted of seven individual nutritional consulting sessions delivered by a clinical dietician. The control condition comprised a social support protocol to the same visit schedule and length. Depression symptomatology was the primary endpoint, assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included remission and change of symptoms, mood and anxiety. Analyses utilised a likelihood-based mixed-effects model repeated measures (MMRM) approach. The robustness of estimates was investigated through sensitivity analyses. RESULTS We assessed 166 individuals for eligibility, of whom 67 were enrolled (diet intervention, n = 33; control, n = 34). Of these, 55 were utilising some form of therapy: 21 were using psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy combined; 9 were using exclusively psychotherapy; and 25 were using only pharmacotherapy. There were 31 in the diet support group and 25 in the social support control group who had complete data at 12 weeks. The dietary support group demonstrated significantly greater improvement between baseline and 12 weeks on the MADRS than the social support control group, t(60.7) = 4.38, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = -1.16. Remission, defined as a MADRS score <10, was achieved for 32.3% (n = 10) and 8.0% (n = 2) of the intervention and control groups, respectively (χ 2 (1) = 4.84, p = 0.028); number needed to treat (NNT) based on remission scores was 4.1 (95% CI of NNT 2.3-27.8). A sensitivity analysis, testing departures from the missing at random (MAR) assumption for dropouts, indicated that the impact of the intervention was robust to violations of MAR assumptions. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that dietary improvement may provide an efficacious and accessible treatment strategy for the management of this highly prevalent mental disorder, the benefits of which could extend to the management of common co-morbidities. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12612000251820 . Registered on 29 February 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice N Jacka
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
- Food & Mood Centre, Deakin University, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, PO Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Food & Mood Centre, Deakin University, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, PO Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachelle Opie
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Food & Mood Centre, Deakin University, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, PO Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Sue Cotton
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - David Castle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- St Vincents Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Dash
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Food & Mood Centre, Deakin University, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, PO Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mary Lou Chatterton
- Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Laima Brazionis
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Food & Mood Centre, Deakin University, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, PO Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allison M Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Food & Mood Centre, Deakin University, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, PO Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Victoria, Australia
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128
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine whether isoflavones affect depressive symptoms in women. METHODS Literature searches were conducted to identify clinical and epidemiologic studies that evaluated the impact of soy intake and isoflavone exposure on depressive symptoms. References from identified studies were also evaluated to identify eligible studies. RESULTS Only limited epidemiologic research has evaluated the impact of soy or isoflavone intake on depression although several studies from China and Japan did find soy product intake was inversely related to risk of depression. Often times, soy was, however, evaluated only as a component of a summative dietary pattern (eg, a "Japanese" or "Healthy" diet). Of the 20 intervention studies identified, roughly half found statistically significant reductions in depressive symptoms in response to isoflavones although several had design weakness. Of those studies reporting a lack of antidepressant effects of isoflavones, design limitations likely contributed to the lack of efficacy. In all but two trials, assessment of depression was, however, a secondary outcome. It is notable that both trials in which depression was a primary outcome found isoflavones significantly improved symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Although the data are inconsistent and limited, the clinical and epidemiologic evidence suggests that isoflavones may offer a safe, well-tolerated option for management of depression. Furthermore, the intervention doses used in the clinical studies fall well within the dietary range. The extant literature reveals key design features for future studies, which based upon the results of this review, are clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- 1Nutrition Matters, Inc, Pittsfield, MA 2University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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129
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Zhang JC, Yao W, Dong C, Yang C, Ren Q, Ma M, Han M, Wu J, Ushida Y, Suganuma H, Hashimoto K. Prophylactic effects of sulforaphane on depression-like behavior and dendritic changes in mice after inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 39:134-144. [PMID: 27833054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate compound derived from broccoli, is a potent activator of the NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), which plays a role in inflammation. In this study, we examined whether the prevention effects of SFN in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced depression-like behavior in mice. Pretreatment with SFN significantly blocked an increase in the serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level and an increase in microglial activation of brain regions after a single administration of LPS (0.5 mg/kg). Furthermore, SFN significantly potentiated increased serum levels of IL-10 after LPS administration. In the tail-suspension test and forced swimming test, SFN significantly attenuated an increase of the immobility time after LPS administration. In addition, SFN significantly recovered to control levels for LPS-induced alterations in the proteins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, postsynaptic density protein 95 and AMPA receptor 1 (GluA1) and dendritic spine density in the brain regions. Finally, dietary intake of 0.1% glucoraphanin (a glucosinolate precursor of SFN) food during the juvenile and adolescence could prevent the onset of LPS-induced depression-like behaviors and dendritic spine changes in the brain regions at adulthood. In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary intake of SFN-rich broccoli sprout has prophylactic effects on inflammation-related depressive symptoms. Therefore, supplementation of SFN-rich broccoli sprout could be prophylactic vegetable to prevent or minimize the relapse by inflammation in the remission state of depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chun Zhang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Wei Yao
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Chao Dong
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Chun Yang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Qian Ren
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Min Ma
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Mei Han
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jin Wu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ushida
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2762, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2762, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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Collin C, Assmann KE, Andreeva VA, Lemogne C, Hercberg S, Galan P, Kesse-Guyot E. Adherence to dietary guidelines as a protective factor against chronic or recurrent depressive symptoms in the French SU.VI.MAX cohort. Prev Med 2016; 91:335-343. [PMID: 27612578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that a healthier overall diet was associated with a lower risk of depression, which is one of the main causes of disability worldwide. Our objective was to investigate the prospective association of adherence to dietary guidelines at midlife, measured by the French Programme National Nutrition Santé-Guideline Score (PNNS-GS), with chronic or recurrent depressive symptoms. The association between the PNNS-GS and chronic or recurrent depressive symptoms was evaluated among participants of the French Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux AntioXydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort with available data on the PNNS-GS at baseline (1994-1996) and on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) in 1996-1997 and follow-up (2007-2009) (n=3328). Chronic or recurrent depressive symptoms were defined by a CES-D score ≥16 at baseline and follow-up. Odds ratios (OR) and 95%-confidence intervals (95%-CI) were estimated across quartiles (Q) of the PNNS-GS, using logistic regression models. In our study, 10.1% of the participants (n=335) had chronic or recurrent depressive symptoms. After adjustment for potential confounders, the PNNS-GS was inversely associated with chronic or recurrent depressive symptoms: ORQ4 vs. Q1: 0.42 (95%-CI: 0.29, 0.60). Modelling the PNNS-GS as a continuous variable yielded similar results: OR for a 1-point increment in the PNNS-GS: 0.86 (95%-CI: 0.80, 0.92). In conclusion, higher adherence to French dietary guidelines at midlife was associated with a lower rate of chronic or recurrent depressive symptoms, which suggests that these recommendations may be highly relevant, not only to avoid chronic diseases, but also for the overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Collin
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Karen E Assmann
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Valentina A Andreeva
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, Paris, France; Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France; Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France
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Role of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling in depression and dietary intake of glucoraphanin confers stress resilience in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30659. [PMID: 27470577 PMCID: PMC4965765 DOI: 10.1038/srep30659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Keap1-Nrf2 system plays a key role in inflammation which is involved in depression. We found lower expression of Keap1 and Nrf2 proteins in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus in mice with depression-like phenotype compared to control mice. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Nrf2 knock-out (KO) mice were higher than those of wild-type mice, suggestive of enhanced inflammation in KO mice. Decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin-receptor-kinase B (TrkB) signaling in the PFC, CA3 and DG plays a role in the depression-like phenotype of Nrf2 KO mice. TrkB agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, but not antagonist ANA-12, produced antidepressant effects in Nrf2 KO mice, by stimulating TrkB in the PFC, CA3 and DG. Pretreatment with Nrf2 activator sulforaphane (SFN) prevented the depression-like phenotype induced after repeated social defeat stress. Interestingly, dietary intake of 0.1% glucoraphanin (a precursor of SFN) containing food during juvenile and adolescent stages also prevented the depression-like phenotype evoked in adulthood, after repeated social defeat stress. These findings suggest that Keap1-Nrf2 system plays a key role in depression and that dietary intake of SFN-rich food during juvenile stages and adolescence can confer stress resilience in adulthood.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Hypoglycemia Symptoms Improved with Diet Modification. Case Rep Psychiatry 2016; 2016:7165425. [PMID: 27493821 PMCID: PMC4963565 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7165425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational evidence suggests that a relationship may exist between high glycemic index diets and the development of anxiety and depression symptoms; however, as no interventional studies assessing this relationship in a psychiatric population have been completed, the possibility of a causal link is unclear. AB is a 15-year-old female who presented with concerns of generalized anxiety disorder and hypoglycemia symptoms. Her diet consisted primarily of refined carbohydrates. The addition of protein, fat, and fiber to her diet resulted in a substantial decrease in anxiety symptoms as well as a decrease in the frequency and severity of hypoglycemia symptoms. A brief return to her previous diet caused a return of her anxiety symptoms, followed by improvement when she restarted the prescribed diet. This case strengthens the hypothesis that dietary glycemic index may play a role in the pathogenesis or progression of mental illnesses such as generalized anxiety disorder and subsequently that dietary modification as a therapeutic intervention in the treatment of mental illness warrants further study.
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133
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Roca M, Kohls E, Gili M, Watkins E, Owens M, Hegerl U, van Grootheest G, Bot M, Cabout M, Brouwer IA, Visser M, Penninx BW. Prevention of depression through nutritional strategies in high-risk persons: rationale and design of the MooDFOOD prevention trial. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:192. [PMID: 27277946 PMCID: PMC4898322 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and depression are two prevalent conditions that are costly to individuals and society. The bidirectional association of obesity with depression, in which unhealthy dietary patterns may play an important role, has been well established. Few experimental studies have been conducted to investigate whether supplementing specific nutrients or improving diet and food-related behaviors can prevent depression in overweight persons. METHOD/DESIGN The MooDFOOD prevention trial examines the feasibility and effectiveness of two different nutritional strategies [multi-nutrient supplementation and food-related behavioral change therapy (FBC)] to prevent depression in individuals who are overweight and have elevated depressive symptoms but who are not currently or in the last 6 months meeting criteria for an episode of major depressive disorder (MDD). The randomized controlled prevention trial has a two-by-two factorial design: participants are randomized to daily multi-nutrient supplement (omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, selenium, B-11 vitamin and D-3 vitamin) versus placebo, and/or FBC therapy sessions versus usual care. Interventions last 12 months. In total 1000 participants aged 18-75 years with body mass index between 25-40 kg/m(2) and with a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥ 5 will be recruited at four study sites in four European countries. Baseline and follow-up assessments take place at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months. Primary endpoint is the onset of an episode of MDD, assessed according to DSM-IV based criteria using the MINI 5.0 interview. Depressive symptoms, anxiety, food and eating behavior, physical activity and health related quality of life are secondary outcomes. During the intervention, compliance, adverse events and potentially mediating variables are carefully monitored. DISCUSSION The trial aims to provide a better understanding of the causal role of specific nutrients, overall diet, and food-related behavior change with respect to the incidence of MDD episodes. This knowledge will be used to develop and disseminate innovative evidence-based, feasible, and effective nutritional public health strategies for the prevention of clinical depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov. Number of identification: NCT02529423 . August 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Roca
- Institut Universitari d' Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS/IDISPA), Rediapp, University of Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemosssa km 7,5, 07071, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Elisabeth Kohls
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margalida Gili
- Institut Universitari d' Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS/IDISPA), Rediapp, University of Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemosssa km 7,5, 07071, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ed Watkins
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Matthew Owens
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ulrich Hegerl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerard van Grootheest
- GGZ inGeest and Department of Psychiatry, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Bot
- GGZ inGeest and Department of Psychiatry, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Cabout
- Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- GGZ inGeest and Department of Psychiatry, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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134
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Vermeulen E, Stronks K, Visser M, Brouwer IA, Schene AH, Mocking RJT, Colpo M, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Nicolaou M. The association between dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression and depressive symptoms over time: the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:2145-53. [PMID: 27080555 PMCID: PMC6132244 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify dietary patterns using reduced rank regression (RRR) and to explore their associations with depressive symptoms over 9 years in the Invecchiare in Chianti study. At baseline, 1362 participants (55·4 % women) aged 18-102 years (mean age 68 (sd 15·5) years) were included in the study. Baseline data collection started in 1998 and was repeated after 3, 6 and 9 years. Dietary intake information was obtained using a country-specific, validated FFQ with 188 food items. For baseline diet, dietary pattern scores in quartiles (Q) were derived using RRR with the nutrients EPA+DHA, folate, Mg and Zn as response variables. Continuous depression scores from the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale were used for assessing depressive symptoms. The derived dietary pattern was rich in vegetables, olive oil, grains, fruit, fish and moderate in wine and red and processed meat, and was labelled as 'typical Tuscan dietary pattern'. After full adjustment, an inverse association was observed between this dietary pattern and depressive symptoms at baseline (Q1 v. Q4, B -2·77; 95 % CI -4·55, -0·98). When examining the relationship between the above-mentioned dietary pattern at baseline and depressive symptoms over 9 years, a similar association was found after full adjustment for confounding factors (Q1 v. Q4, B -1·78; 95 % CI -3·17, -0·38). A diet rich in vegetables, olive oil, grains, fruits, fish and moderate in wine and red and processed meat was consistently associated with lower CES-D scores over a 9-year period in the Tuscan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Vermeulen
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, EMGO Institute, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg A. Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, EMGO Institute, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aart H. Schene
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel J. T. Mocking
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Colpo
- InCHIANTI Study Group, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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135
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Dash SR, O'Neil A, Jacka FN. Diet and Common Mental Disorders: The Imperative to Translate Evidence into Action. Front Public Health 2016; 4:81. [PMID: 27200334 PMCID: PMC4850164 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Dash
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University , Geelong, VIC , Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia; Alfred Hospital, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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136
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Opie R, Itsiopoulos C, Parletta N, Sanchez-Villegas A, Akbaraly T, Ruusunen A, Jacka F. Dietary recommendations for the prevention of depression. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:161-171. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830515y.0000000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.S. Opie
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Melbourne, Australia
| | - C. Itsiopoulos
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Melbourne, Australia
| | - N. Parletta
- International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Melbourne, Australia
- Sansom Institute of Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A. Sanchez-Villegas
- International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Melbourne, Australia
- Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - T.N. Akbaraly
- International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Melbourne, Australia
- Inserm U 1198, Montpellier F-34000, France
- University Montpellier, France
- EPHE, Paris, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - A. Ruusunen
- International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - F.N. Jacka
- International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Melbourne, Australia
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
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137
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Ecological correlations of dietary food intake and mental health disorders. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2016; 7:81-89. [PMID: 28003094 PMCID: PMC6178813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper examines the ecological association of dietary food intake with mental health outcomes on the group level across countries. Published data from the World Mental Health Survey were used to compare lifetime prevalence of four categories of mental health disorders (anxiety disorders, mood disorders, impulse control disorders, and substance use disorders) with a country’s fish/seafood and sugar/sweetener supply quantity using the Spearman rank correlation. Data were compared for 17 countries across the world. Sugar and sweetener supply quantity was significantly and positively associated with anxiety disorders (rho = 0.75, p = 0.001), mood disorders (rho = 0.75, p = 0.001), impulse control disorders (rho = 0.78, p = 0.001), and substance use disorders (rho = 0.68, p = 0.007). Fish and seafood supply quantity had no significant association with any mental health disorders. Mental health disorders represent a significant health problem around the world. Public health measures aimed at improving the quality and availability of a nation’s food supply could have a significant positive impact on mental health. Further randomized studies are needed to further validate the study findings.
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138
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Adherence to the DASH diet in relation to psychological profile of Iranian adults. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:309-320. [PMID: 26520851 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although empirically derived dietary patterns have been examined in relation to depression, limited data are available linking theory-based dietary patterns and psychological health. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association between adherence to DASH-style diet and psychological health among Iranian adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was done among 3846 general public adults in Isfahan, Iran. Dietary assessment was conducted using a validated 106-item dish-based semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. To investigate participants' adherence to DASH-style diet, we created DASH score based on earlier publications focusing on eight components (fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, dairy products, grains, sweetened beverages and sweets, sodium, and red and processed meats). Participants were classified into three categories based on their DASH score [low (≤40), moderate (41-50), and high adherence (≥51)]. This categorization, instead of distribution-based classification, was used due to low adherence to the DASH dietary pattern in the study population. Psychological health was examined by means of validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and General Health Questionnaire. Depression, anxiety, and psychological distress were defined based on standard criteria. RESULTS We found that moderate adherence to DASH-style diet was associated with lower odds of depression (OR 0.73; 95 % CI 0.59-0.90, P trend = 0.63) compared with those with the lowest adherence. In our stratified analyses, these associations remained significant for women (0.70; 0.54-0.91) and for normal-weight participants (0.70; 0.52-0.92). Moreover, after controlling for potential confounders, an inverse association was observed between high adherence to DASH-style diet and anxiety in normal-weight participants (0.61; 0.37-0.98). Such associations were also seen between moderate adherence to DASH-eating style and anxiety in overweight or obese individuals (0.63; 0.42-0.95). We failed to find any significant association between consumption of DASH-style diet and psychological distress. CONCLUSION We found an inverse association between moderate adherence to DASH dietary pattern and depression. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
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139
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Lopresti AL, Jacka FN. Diet and Bipolar Disorder: A Review of Its Relationship and Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms of Action. J Altern Complement Med 2015; 21:733-9. [PMID: 26348597 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2015.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is well accepted that diet quality has an important role in the prevention and treatment of several physical diseases. However, its influence on mental health has received far less attention, although there is increasing evidence to support a relationship with depression. In this narrative review, investigations into the relationship between diet and bipolar disorder are examined and the potential implications in the management and treatment of bipolar disorder are reviewed. METHODS The authors provide a narrative review of the relevant information. RESULTS Research is limited, although there are preliminary findings to suggest a relationship between diet and bipolar disorder. Findings from cross-sectional research suggest that people with bipolar disorder consume an unhealthier dietary pattern. This has significant treatment implications as bipolar disorder has a high comorbidity with several physical diseases. In addition, diet also influences several biological processes that are dysregulated in bipolar disorder, namely monoaminergic activity, immune/inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, mitochondrial activity, and neuroprogression. CONCLUSIONS The role of diet in bipolar disorder requires further attention in research as it presents as a factor that may contribute to the worsening course of this condition and may potentially enhance current treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Lopresti
- 1 School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University , Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- 2 Division of Nutritional Psychiatry Research, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University , Geelong, Australia .,3 Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia .,4 Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Melbourne, Australia .,5 Black Dog Institute , Sydney, Australia
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140
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Segal L, Opie RS. A nutrition strategy to reduce the burden of diet related disease: access to dietician services must complement population health approaches. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:160. [PMID: 26321951 PMCID: PMC4531228 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor diet quality is implicated in almost every disease and health issue. And yet, in most advanced market economies diet quality is poor, with a minority meeting guidelines for healthy eating. Poor diet is thus responsible for substantial disease burden. Societies have at their disposal a range of strategies to influence diet behaviors. These can be classified into: (i) population level socio-educational approaches to enhance diet knowledge; (ii) pricing incentives (subsidies on healthy foods, punitive taxes on unhealthy foods); (iii) regulations to modify the food environment, and (iv) the provision of clinical dietetic services. There is little evidence that societies are active in implementing the available strategies. Advertising of "junk foods" is largely unchecked, contrasting with strict controls on advertising tobacco products, which also attract punitive taxes. Access to dieticians is restricted in most countries, even in the context of universal health care. In Australia in 2011 there were just 2,969 practicing dieticians/nutritionists or 1.3 clinicians per 10,000 persons, compared with 5.8 physiotherapists per 10,000 persons, 14.8 general practitioners (family physicians) per 10,000 persons or 75 nurses per 10,000 persons. It is time to implement comprehensive national nutrition strategies capable of effecting change. Such strategies need to be multi-component, incorporating both public health approaches and expanded publicly funded dietetic services. Access to individualized dietetic services is needed by those at risk, or with current chronic conditions, given the complexity of the diet message, the need for professional support for behavior change and to reflect individual circumstances. The adoption of a comprehensive nutrition strategy offers the promise of substantial improvement in diet quality, better health and wellbeing and lower health care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Segal
- Health Economics and Social Policy Group, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rachelle S Opie
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University , Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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141
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Shallcross AJ, Gross JJ, Visvanathan PD, Kumar N, Palfrey A, Ford BQ, Dimidjian S, Shirk S, Holm-Denoma J, Goode KM, Cox E, Chaplin W, Mauss IB. Relapse prevention in major depressive disorder: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy versus an active control condition. J Consult Clin Psychol 2015; 83:964-75. [PMID: 26371618 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the comparative effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) versus an active control condition (ACC) for depression relapse prevention, depressive symptom reduction, and improvement in life satisfaction. METHOD Ninety-two participants in remission from major depressive disorder with residual depressive symptoms were randomized to either an 8-week MBCT or a validated ACC that is structurally equivalent to MBCT and controls for nonspecific effects (e.g., interaction with a facilitator, perceived social support, treatment outcome expectations). Both interventions were delivered according to their published manuals. RESULTS Intention-to-treat analyses indicated no differences between MBCT and ACC in depression relapse rates or time to relapse over a 60-week follow-up. Both groups experienced significant and equal reductions in depressive symptoms and improvements in life satisfaction. A significant quadratic interaction (Group × Time) indicated that the pattern of depressive symptom reduction differed between groups. The ACC experienced immediate symptom reduction postintervention and then a gradual increase over the 60-week follow-up. The MBCT group experienced a gradual linear symptom reduction. The pattern for life satisfaction was identical but only marginally significant. CONCLUSIONS MBCT did not differ from an ACC on rates of depression relapse, symptom reduction, or life satisfaction, suggesting that MBCT is no more effective for preventing depression relapse and reducing depressive symptoms than the active components of the ACC. Differences in trajectory of depressive symptom improvement suggest that the intervention-specific skills acquired may be associated with differential rates of therapeutic benefit. This study demonstrates the importance of comparing psychotherapeutic interventions to active control conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amy Palfrey
- Department of Psychology, St. John's University
| | - Brett Q Ford
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Sona Dimidjian
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder
| | | | | | | | - Erica Cox
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver
| | | | - Iris B Mauss
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
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142
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Lopresti AL. A review of nutrient treatments for paediatric depression. J Affect Disord 2015; 181:24-32. [PMID: 25913919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Paediatric depression is estimated to affect 15-20% of youths prior to adulthood and is associated with significant social, educational and physical impairment. Current treatments comprise moderately efficacious psychological therapies and pharmaceutical antidepressants. However, nutritional therapies are also available and are regularly sought by people with depressive illnesses and parents of depressed youths. In this narrative review, studies examining the antidepressant effects of individual nutritional supplements in child and adolescent populations are appraised. Epidemiological studies examining the relationship between nutritional status and paediatric depression, or depressive symptoms are also reviewed. Nutrients covered in this article include: omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, s-adenosylmethionine, vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, iron and B-vitamins. Although several of these nutrients present as promising treatments for paediatric depression, there is a lack of high-quality studies examining the antidepressant effects of all the aforementioned ingredients. Before nutritional treatments are accepted as validated treatments for paediatric depression, further high-quality studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Lopresti
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.
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143
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O’Neil A, Itsiopoulos C, Skouteris H, Opie RS, McPhie S, Hill B, Jacka FN. Preventing mental health problems in offspring by targeting dietary intake of pregnant women. BMC Med 2014; 12:208. [PMID: 25394602 PMCID: PMC4231189 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of 'early life programming' considers the importance of very early environmental exposures throughout the gestational period on the subsequent health outcomes of offspring. The role of maternal dietary intake, specifically, has been highlighted after recent studies have shown maternal diet quality to predict mental health problems in offspring. Even in the pre-conception period, maternal nutrition can have permanent and sustained phenotypic consequences for offspring. DISCUSSION Here, we consider these findings in the context of the primary prevention of mental disorders and argue that interventions that target maternal diet could be of significant value. SUMMARY It is clear that, in order to reduce the burden of mental health issues across the lifespan, urgent action is required, particularly in the field of prevention. We thus call for the application and evaluation of targeted, primary prevention strategies that focus on dietary intake with the view to improve mental health outcomes of mothers and offspring during the postnatal period and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne O’Neil
- />IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, PO Box 281, Geelong, Victoria 3220 Australia
- />School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 89 Commercial Road; Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria 3004 Australia
| | - Catherine Itsiopoulos
- />Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- />School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125 Australia
| | - Rachelle S Opie
- />Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Skye McPhie
- />School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125 Australia
| | - Briony Hill
- />School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125 Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- />IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, PO Box 281, Geelong, Victoria 3220 Australia
- />Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Centre, Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
- />Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3050 Australia
- />Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hospital Rd, Randwick, NSW 2013 Australia
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