101
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Godin JP, Martin FP, Breton I, Schoepfer A, Nydegger A. Total and activity-induced energy expenditure measured during a year in children with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission remain lower than in healthy controls. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3147-3152. [PMID: 32147199 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often associated with growth retardation due to malnutrition. However, knowledge on total energy expenditure (TEE), active-induced energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity remains limited in children with IBD. OBJECTIVE Assessment of TEE using the doubly labelled water (DLW) method, resting energy expenditure (REE) using indirect calorimetry, and physical activity level using the actigraph GT3X+ in children with IBD (in remission) and healthy controls. METHODS TEE, REE, AEE and physical activity were measured in 21 children with IBD and 24 healthy controls at baseline. IBD children parameters were monitored further after 6 and 12 months. Predicted REE and TEE values (using Schoefield and the actigraph GT3X+, for REE and TEE respectively) were compared to measured values. RESULTS Mean ages at baseline were 14.8 ± 1.5 and 13.2 ± 2 years in children with IBD and in healthy control children, respectively. Measured TEEDLW was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in children with IBD compared to the healthy control group. REE corrected by FFM0.5, REE and AEE were also significantly lower in children with IBD. Children with IBD had AEE of 17.5% of TEE and had a significantly higher sedentary behaviour as compared to healthy children. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that TEE and AEE are reduced in children with IBD in clinical remission which may result in a reduced moderate and vigorous physical activity level. Our result also highlights that the actigraph GT3X + might give good prediction of TEE in children with IBD at group level but it remains highly variable at individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Godin
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, PO BOX 44, 1000-6, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Isabelle Breton
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, PO BOX 44, 1000-6, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alain Schoepfer
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 44, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Nydegger
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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102
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Increased Resting Energy Expenditure/Body Weight and Decreased Respiratory Quotient Correlate with Satisfactory Weight Loss After Sleeve Gastrectomy: a 6-Month Follow-Up. Obes Surg 2020; 30:1410-1416. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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103
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Wyszyńska J, Ring-Dimitriou S, Thivel D, Weghuber D, Hadjipanayis A, Grossman Z, Ross-Russell R, Dereń K, Mazur A. Physical Activity in the Prevention of Childhood Obesity: The Position of the European Childhood Obesity Group and the European Academy of Pediatrics. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:535705. [PMID: 33224905 PMCID: PMC7674497 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.535705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects an increasing number of children and adolescents. Physical activity (PA) is a significant factor in the prevention of excessive body mass in the pediatric population. A significant percentage of pediatric population do not attain the public health recommendation for PA, and typically, those with higher levels of PA have lower content of body fat than less active peers. Although the development of childhood obesity is multifactorial, the decline in energy expenditure is considered as one of the most important determinants of excessive body weight. The lack of intervention causes that excess body weight to remain stable from birth through childhood and adolescence to adulthood. Accordingly, public health interventions are needed to increase the level of PA in the pediatric population. The task force from the European Childhood Obesity Group and the European Academy of Pediatrics reviewed English language meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, and observational studies from PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and EBSCO databases, from 2018 to August 2020, and developed a consensus statement. This statement presents the role of PA in the prevention of excessive body weight and gives age-appropriate recommendations for PA and recommendations for school-based interventions, parents, and guardians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Wyszyńska
- Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland.,European Childhood Obesity Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Susanne Ring-Dimitriou
- European Childhood Obesity Group, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Paris Lodron-University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - David Thivel
- European Childhood Obesity Group, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- European Childhood Obesity Group, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Adamos Hadjipanayis
- Medical School, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zachi Grossman
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Maccabi Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Robert Ross-Russell
- European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland.,European Childhood Obesity Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Artur Mazur
- Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland.,European Childhood Obesity Group, Brussels, Belgium.,European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium
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El Masri D, Itani L, Kreidieh D, Tannir H, El Ghoch M. Predictive Equations Based on Body Composition for Resting Energy Expenditure Estimation in Adults with Obesity. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:381-386. [PMID: 31663845 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666191030085915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM An accurate estimation of Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) in patients with obesity is crucial. Therefore, our aim was to assess the validity of REE predictive equations based on body composition variables in treatment-seeking Arab adults with obesity. METHODS Body composition and REE were measured by Tanita BC-418 bioimpedance and Vmax Encore 229 IC, respectively, and predictive equations based on fat mass and fat-free mass were used in REE estimations among 87 adults of both genders, in the Outpatient Clinic in the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Beirut Arab University (Lebanon). The mean differences between the measured and estimated REE values were calculated to assess the accuracy, and the Bland-Altman method was used to assess the level of agreement. RESULTS Ten predictive equations were included. In males, all the predictive equations gave significantly different estimates of REE when compared to that measured by IC. On the other hand, in females, the mean difference between the REE value estimated by Huang and Horie-Waitzberg equations and that measured using IC was not significant, and the agreement was confirmed using Bland-Altman plots. CONCLUSION Huang and Horie-Waitzberg equations are suggested for accurate REE estimation in females; however, new validated REE estimation equations for males in this population are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana El Masri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dima Kreidieh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hana Tannir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
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105
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de Oliveira DM, Vasques ACJ, Gonçalves EM, de Lemos-Marini SHV, Guerra-Junior G, Geloneze B. ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN 21-HYDROXYLASE CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA PATIENTS AND COMPARISON WITH PREDICTIVE EQUATIONS. Endocr Pract 2019; 26:388-398. [PMID: 31859548 DOI: 10.4158/ep-2019-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To characterize resting energy expenditure (REE) in patients with classic 21-hydroxylase congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-OH CAH) using indirect calorimetry and compare it to the most commonly used REE predictive equations. Methods: This case-control study comprised 29 post-pubertal 21-OH CAH patients regularly followed at the University of Campinas. Elevated serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone and CYP21 gene molecular analysis confirmed the diagnosis. A healthy control group paired by age, gender, and body mass index was examined. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measured body compositions. A bioimpedance analyzer determined fat-free mass, and indirect calorimetry using a metabolic cart measured REE. Results: Unlike our initial hypothesis, REE was similar between the groups (18.7 ± 3.1 kcal/kg/day in CAH vs. 20.3 ± 3.5 kcal/kg/day in controls; P = .728). No predictive equations reached the stipulated accuracy criteria, thus lacking validity in REE assessment in adults with the characteristics of the group studied. DEXA analysis revealed higher body fat and diminished nonbone lean mass in 21-OH CAH. Anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance parameters were not significantly different. Conclusion: Classic 21-OH CAH is generally followed in reference centers, which may facilitate indirect calorimetry use for REE measurement. Alternatively, considering our REE findings in adult 21-OH CAH patients, nutrition management based on 25 kcal/body weight/day (measured REE × activity factor 1.2 to 1.3) may be reasonable for current body weight maintenance in these patients. Abbreviations: 17-OHP = 17-hydroxyprogesterone; 21-OH CAH = classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia; BMI = body mass index; REE = resting energy expenditure; VO2 = volume of oxygen; VCO2 = volume of carbon dioxide.
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106
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Exploring Energy Expenditure and Body Movement of Exergaming in Children of Different Weight Status. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2019; 31:438-447. [PMID: 31394495 PMCID: PMC7030900 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2019-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined differences in energy expenditure and bodily movement among children of different weight status during exergames that varied in mode and intensity. METHODS Fifty-seven 8- to 12-year-old children including overweight/obesity (n = 28) and normal weight (n = 29) played three 10-minute interval Xbox One exergames (Fruit Ninja, Kung-Fu, and Shape Up) categorized based on predominantly upper-, whole-, or lower-limb movement, respectively. The authors measured bodily movement through accelerometry and obtained energy expenditure and metabolic equivalent (MET) via indirect calorimetry. RESULTS Energy expended during gameplay was the highest in Shape Up (P < .01) and higher in Kung-Fu than Fruit Ninja (P < .01). Absolute energy expenditure was significantly higher in overweight/obese children (P < .01), but not when controlling for body mass across 3 exergames (P > .05). Based on the MET cut-points, overweight/obese children spent more time at light intensity (<3 METs) for Fruit Ninja (P < .05) and Shape Up (P < .01), but less time at vigorous intensity (≥6 METs) for Kung-Fu (P < .01) and Shape Up (P < .01). Lower-limb movements during Shape Up were less in overweight/obese children (P = .03). CONCLUSION Although children in both groups expended similar energy relative to their body mass during gameplay, overweight/obese children spent more time at light intensity but less time at vigorous intensity with fewer movements especially while playing a lower limb-controlled exergame.
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107
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Chen CM, Shih CK, Su YJ, Cheang KU, Lo SF, Li SC. Evaluation of white sweet potato tube-feeding formula in elderly diabetic patients: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:70. [PMID: 31636690 PMCID: PMC6796455 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular complications, thus diabetic patients with a functioning gastrointestinal tract but without sufficient oral intake require enteral nutrition (EN) formulas to control blood glucose. White sweet potato (WSP) was a kind of sweet potato could provide a healthy carbohydrate source to EN formula. The aim of this study was to examine at risk of malnutrition T2DM patients whether a WSP-EN would attenuate glucose response and elevate nutritional index compared to a standard polymeric formulas. METHODS In this randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial to investigate the effects of EN with WSP on aged residents with T2DM in long-term care institutions. In total, 54 eligible participants were randomly assigned to either the non-WSP-EN or WSP-EN group. For 60 days, the WSP-EN group received a WSP formula through nasogastric tube via a stoma with a large-bore syringe. The participants received EN of standard polymeric formulas without WSP in the non-WSP-EN group. RESULTS The body weight, body mass index, Mini Nutritional Assessment score, and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index were significantly higher in the WSP-EN group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the WSP-EN intervention reduced glycated hemoglobin levels (6.73% ± 1.47% vs. 6.40% ± 1.16%), but increased transferrin (223.06 ± 38.85 vs. 245.85 ± 46.08 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (42.13 ± 10.56 vs. 44.25 ± 8.43 mg/dL), and vitamin A (2.45 ± 0.77 vs 2.74 ± 0.93 μM) levels (p < 0.05). In addition, there was no important side effects including gastrointestinal intolerance with prescribed doses in our WSP-EN treated patients when compared with control ones. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest WSP incorporated into enteral formulas can improve nutrition status and glycemic control in elderly diabetic patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02711839, registered 27 May 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Ming Chen
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih-Chien University, No.70, Dazhi St., Zhongshan Dist., Taipei City, 10462 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Shih
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jing Su
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Un Cheang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fang Lo
- Department of Agronomy, Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, 2 Min-Cheng Road, Chiayi, 60044 Taiwan
| | - Sing-Chung Li
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- Department of Agronomy, Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, 2 Min-Cheng Road, Chiayi, 60044 Taiwan
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108
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Einarsson S, Laurell G, Tiblom Ehrsson Y. An explorative study on energy balance in patients with head and neck cancer. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:1191-1199. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1676454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Göran Laurell
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ylva Tiblom Ehrsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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109
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Rachakonda VP, DeLany JP, Kershaw EE, Behari J. Impact of Hepatic Steatosis on Resting Metabolic Rate and Metabolic Adaptation in Response to Intentional Weight Loss. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:1347-1355. [PMID: 31592493 PMCID: PMC6771160 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Weight loss is the primary intervention for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A decrease in resting metabolic rate (RMR) out of proportion to the degree of weight loss may promote weight regain. We aimed to determine the impact of hepatic steatosis on weight loss‐associated changes in RMR and metabolic adaptation, defined as the difference between predicted and measured RMR after weight loss. We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data from 114 subjects without diabetes (52 with NAFLD), with body mass index (BMI) >35, and who enrolled in a 6‐month weight loss intervention. Hepatic steatosis was determined by unenhanced computed tomography scans by liver:spleen attenuation ratio <1.1. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry. At baseline, patients with hepatic steatosis had higher BMI, fat mass (FM), fat‐free mass (FFM), and RMR (RMR, 1,933 kcal/day; 95% confidence interval [CI], 841‐2,025 kcal/day; versus 1,696; 95% CI, 1,641‐1,751; P < 0.0001). After 6 months, the NAFLD group experienced larger absolute declines in weight, FM, and FFM, but percentage changes in weight, FFM, and FM were similar between groups. A greater decline in RMR was observed in patients with NAFLD (−179 kcal/day; 95% CI, −233 to −126 kcal/day; versus −100; 95% CI, −51 to −150; P = 0.0154) for the time × group interaction, and patients with NAFLD experienced greater metabolic adaptation to weight loss (−97 kcal/day; 95% CI, −143 to −50 kcal/day; versus −31.7; 95% CI, −74 to 11; P = 0.0218) for the prediction × group interaction. The change (Δ) in RMR was significantly associated with ΔFM, ΔFFM, and baseline RMR, while metabolic adaptation was significantly associated with female sex and ΔFM only. Conclusion: Hepatic steatosis is associated with a greater reduction in FM, which predicts RMR decline and a higher metabolic adaptation after weight loss, potentially increasing the risk of long‐term weight regain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant P Rachakonda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA
| | - James P DeLany
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes AdventHealth Orlando FL
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA
| | - Jaideep Behari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA
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110
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Gutiérrez-Marín D, Luque V, Ferré N, Fewtrell MS, Williams JE, Wells JCK. Associations of age and body mass index with hydration and density of fat-free mass from 4 to 22 years. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 73:1422-1430. [PMID: 31285552 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most body composition techniques assume constant properties of fat free mass (FFM) (hydration and density) regardless of nutritional status, which may lead to biased values. AIM To evaluate the interactive associations of age and body mass index (BMI) with hydration and density of FFM. METHODS Data from subjects aged between 4 and 22 years old from several studies conducted in London, UK were assessed. Hydration (HFFM) and density (DFFM) of FFM obtained from the four-component model in 936 and 905 individuals, respectively, were assessed. BMI was converted in to z-scores, and categorised into five groups using z-score cut-offs (thin, normal weight, overweight, obese, and severely obese). Linear regression models for HFFM and DFFM were developed using age, sex, and BMI group as predictors. RESULTS Nearly 30% of the variability in HFFM was explained by models including age and BMI groups, showing increasing HFFM values in heavier BMI groups. On the other hand, ∼40% of variability in DFFM was explained by age, sex, and BMI groups, with DFFM values decreasing in association with higher BMI group. CONCLUSION Nutritional status should be considered when assessing body composition using two-component methods, and reference data for HFFM and DFFM is needed for higher BMI groups to avoid bias. Further research is needed to explain intra-individual variability in FFM properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Gutiérrez-Marín
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Veronica Luque
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Natàlia Ferré
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Mary S Fewtrell
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jane E Williams
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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111
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Metabolism, bioenergetics and thermal physiology: influences of the human intestinal microbiota. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 32:205-217. [PMID: 31258100 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The micro-organisms which inhabit the human gut (i.e. the intestinal microbiota) influence numerous human biochemical pathways and physiological functions. The present review focuses on two questions, 'Are intestinal microbiota effects measurable and meaningful?' and 'What research methods and variables are influenced by intestinal microbiota effects?'. These questions are considered with respect to doubly labelled water measurements of energy expenditure, heat balance calculations and models, measurements of RMR via indirect calorimetry, and diet-induced energy expenditure. Several lines of evidence suggest that the intestinal microbiota introduces measurement variability and measurement errors which have been overlooked in research studies involving nutrition, bioenergetics, physiology and temperature regulation. Therefore, we recommend that present conceptual models and research techniques be updated via future experiments, to account for the metabolic processes and regulatory influences of the intestinal microbiota.
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112
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Lamarca F, Melendez-Araújo MS, Porto de Toledo I, Dutra ES, de Carvalho KMB. Relative Energy Expenditure Decreases during the First Year after Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obes Surg 2019; 29:2648-2659. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-03934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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113
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Presby DM, Jackman MR, Rudolph MC, Sherk VD, Foright RM, Houck JA, Johnson GC, Orlicky DJ, Melanson EL, Higgins JA, MacLean PS. Compensation for cold-induced thermogenesis during weight loss maintenance and regain. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E977-E986. [PMID: 30912962 PMCID: PMC6580173 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00543.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of obesity is exacerbated by low rates of successful long-term weight loss maintenance (WLM). In part, relapse from WLM to obesity is due to a reduction in energy expenditure (EE) that persists throughout WLM and relapse. Thus, interventions that increase EE might facilitate WLM. In obese mice that were calorically restricted to reduce body weight by ~20%, we manipulated EE throughout WLM and early relapse using intermittent cold exposure (ICE; 4°C, 90 min/day, 5 days/wk, within the last 3 h of the light cycle). EE, energy intake, and spontaneous physical activity were measured during the obese, WLM, and relapse phases. During WLM and relapse, the ICE group expended more energy during the light cycle because of cold exposure but expended less energy in the dark cycle, which led to no overall difference in total daily EE. The compensation in EE appeared to be mediated by activity, whereby the ICE group was more active during the light cycle because of cold exposure but less active during the dark cycle, which led to no overall effect on total daily activity during WLM and relapse. In brown adipose tissue of relapsing mice, the ICE group had greater mRNA expression of Dio2 and protein expression of UCP1 but lower mRNA expression of Prdm16. In summary, these findings indicate that despite robust increases in EE during cold exposures, ICE is unable to alter total daily EE during WLM or early relapse, likely due to compensatory behaviors in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Presby
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vanessa D Sherk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julie A Houck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Edward L Melanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Janine A Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
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Liu X, Liao X, Gan W, Ding X, Gao B, Wang H, Zhao X, Liu Y, Feng L, Abdulkadil W, Li Y. Inverse Relationship Between Coarse Food Grain Intake and Blood Pressure Among Young Chinese Adults. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:402-408. [PMID: 30535002 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coarse food grains are rich in dietary fiber and contain a wide range of nutrients with potential health benefits, such as blood pressure control. Coarse food grains are very popular in China, where hypertension is a major challenge. We evaluated the associations between coarse food grain consumption and blood pressure among young Chinese adults. METHODS A total of 104 men and women aged 18-35 years, who participated in a pilot study of the Carbohydrate Alternatives and Metabolic Phenotypes study, were included in the present analysis. Food frequency questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake data. Blood pressure was measured using a digital monitor. A multivariate general linear model was used to evaluate the putative associations. RESULTS Overall, 12.5% of our participants have regular habits of coarse food grain intake (at least 4 days/week). Age was positively associated with both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (all Ps for trend < 0.05). With multivariable adjustment, including for body mass index and physical activity level, the frequency of coarse food grain intake was inversely associated with both SBP and DBP (all Ps for trend < 0.05). Similar associations were observed for estimated daily coarse food grain intake with SBP (β coefficient ± SE = -0.039 ± 0.017, P = 0.024) and DBP (β coefficient ± SE = -0.033 ± 0.013, P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS In our sample of young Chinese adults, higher coarse food grain intake was associated with lower SBP and DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia Liao
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetic, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xinyun Ding
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Gao
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingxue Liu
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Leilei Feng
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Yanqin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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115
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Byrne NM, Hills AP. How much exercise should be promoted to raise total daily energy expenditure and improve health? Obes Rev 2018; 19 Suppl 1:14-23. [PMID: 30511509 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite longstanding recognition of the benefits of a physically active lifestyle, there remains ambiguity regarding exactly how much exercise should be promoted to raise total energy expenditure (TEE) and improve health. This review provides a brief summary of the dose-response relationship between physical activity and relative risk of morbidity and mortality; mechanisms through which exercise drives an increase in TEE; the highest reported levels of TEE measured via doubly labelled water; and the potential impact of non-compliance and confounders in moderating the contribution of exercise to increase TEE. Cohort studies provide a compelling argument that 'more is better' regarding the exercise dose for increasing TEE, that increasing TEE is protective for health, and that this is mediated through increased cardiorespiratory fitness. However, growing evidence shows that ever increasing volumes of weekly physical activity may reverse the cost-benefit seen with more modest doses. Animal and human studies show that the elevation in TEE associated with increasing exercise volume is commonly less than expected, due to physiological confounders. Further, there is considerable evidence of behavioural non-compliance to planned exercise in all but the most highly motivated athletes. Therefore, inbuilt defence mechanisms may safeguard against TEE being elevated to maximum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Byrne
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - A P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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Abstract
Changes in national and global food demand are commonly explained by population growth, dietary shifts, and food waste. Although nutrition sciences demonstrate that biophysical characteristics determine food requirements in individuals, and medical and demographic studies provide evidence for large shifts in height, weight, and age structure worldwide, the aggregated effects for food demand are poorly understood. Here, a type–cohort–time stock model is applied to analyze the combined effect of biophysical and demographic changes in the adult population of 186 countries between 1975–2014. The average global adult in 2014 was 14% heavier, 1.3% taller, 6.2% older, and had a 6.1% higher energy demand than the average adult in 1975. Across countries, individuals’ weight gains ranged between 6–33%, and energy needs increased between 0.9–16%. Noteworthy, some of the highest and lowest increases coexist within Africa and Asia, signaling the disparities between the countries of these regions. Globally, food energy increased by 129% during the studied period. Population growth contributed with 116%; weight and height gains accounted for 15%; meanwhile, the aging phenomenon counteracted the rise in energy needs by −2%. This net additional 13% demand corresponded to the needs of 286 million adults. Since the effect of biodemographic changes are cumulative, we can expect the observed inertia to extend into the future. This work shows that considering the evolving individual biophysical characteristics jointly with sociodemographic changes can contribute to more robust global resource and food security assessments. Commonly used static and homogenous caloric demand values per capita might lead to misrepresentations of actual needs. What previous analyses could have estimated as increased food availability, sufficiency, or surplus waste might actually be energy sequestered by the mass of the human lot. Based on the discovered trends, feeding nine billion people in 2050 will require significantly more total calories than feeding the same people today.
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117
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Ndahimana D, Choi YJ, Park JH, Ju MJ, Kim EK. Validity of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure in Korean non-obese adults. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:283-290. [PMID: 30090165 PMCID: PMC6078867 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.4.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Indirect calorimetry is the gold-standard method for the measurement of resting energy expenditure. However, this method is time consuming, expensive, and requires highly trained personnel. To overcome these limitations, various predictive equations have been developed. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure (REE) in Korean non-obese adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS The present study involved 109 participants (54 men and 55 women) aged between 20 and 64 years. The REE was measured by indirect calorimetry. Nineteen REE equations were evaluated for validity, by comparing predicted and measured REE results. Predictive equation accuracy was assessed by determining percent bias, root mean squared prediction error (RMSE), and percentage of accurate predictions. RESULTS The measured REE was significantly higher in men than in women (P < 0.001), but the difference was not significant after adjusting for body weight (P > 0.05). The equation developed in this study had an accuracy rate of 71%, a bias of 0%, and an RMSE of 155 kcal/day. Among published equations, the FAOweight equation gave the highest accuracy rate (70%), along with a bias of -4.4% and an RMSE of 184 kcal/day. CONCLUSIONS The newly developed equation provided the best accuracy in predicting REE for Korean non-obese adults. Among the previously published equations, the FAOweight equation showed the highest overall accuracy. Regardless, at an individual level, the equations could lead to inaccuracies in a considerable number of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didace Ndahimana
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jung Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Korea
| | - Mun-Jeong Ju
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Korea
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118
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Giroux V, Saidj S, Simon C, Laville M, Segrestin B, Mathieu ME. Physical activity, energy expenditure and sedentary parameters in overfeeding studies - a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:903. [PMID: 30031374 PMCID: PMC6054727 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proposed that compensations in physical activity, energy expenditure and sedentary parameters can occur as a result of overfeeding studies in order to maintain body weight; however, the evidence has not yet been systematically reviewed. METHODS The current study systematically reviewed the literature on this subject to determine the common tools used in overfeeding studies and to explore whether overfeeding produces changes in physical activity, energy expenditure and sedentary parameters. Eight electronic databases were searched to identify experimental studies using keywords pertaining to overfeeding, exercise, physical activity and sedentariness. Articles included healthy adults (aged 18-64 years) participating in an overfeeding study that examined at least one parameter of sedentary, energy expenditure or physical activity. Of 123 full-text articles reviewed, 15 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS The common tools used in overfeeding studies were doubly labeled water (n = 6), room calorimeter (n = 4), accelerometer (n = 7), pedometer (n = 3), radar sensor (n = 4) and survey (n = 1). Parameters partaining to energy expenditure increased between 7 to 50% with different overfeeding duration. Physical activity parameters, such as number of steps and spontaneous activity, increased or decreased significantly in three studies, while five studies showed no significant change. Sedentary parameters were examined by only one study and its results were not significant after 3 days of overfeeding. Methodological issues existed concerning the small number of studies, disparities in sedentary and physical activity parameters and various definitions of free-living experimental conditions and physical activity limits. CONCLUSIONS There is actually a use of many tools and a large variation of parameters for physical activity in overfeeding studies. Contradictory findings showed changes in physical activity parameters following overfeeding and limited findings support the absence of changes in sedentariness. While energy expenditure parameters are more numerous and all show an increase after an overfeeding period, further studies are required to confirm changes in physical activity and sedentary parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Giroux
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Soraya Saidj
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Chantal Simon
- CARMEN, INSERM U1060/University of Lyon/INRA U1235, Lyon, France
- Human Nutrition Research Centre of Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Laville
- CARMEN, INSERM U1060/University of Lyon/INRA U1235, Lyon, France
- Human Nutrition Research Centre of Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Berenice Segrestin
- Human Nutrition Research Centre of Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Qc, Canada.
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119
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Ghielmetti V, Wichert B, Rüegg S, Frey D, Liesegang A. Food intake and energy expenditure in growing cats with and without a predisposition to overweight. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1401-1410. [PMID: 29920783 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are multifactorial diseases caused by an imbalance in energy metabolism. An underlying genetic predisposition is often a factor in these conditions. In the cat breeding family of the Institute of Animal Nutrition at the Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, a segregating overweight phenotype with a genetic contribution was observed. From this breeding family, 26 kittens were followed from birth up to 8 months of age. During this time, food intake was measured using an automatic feeding station, and energy expenditure was investigated using indirect calorimetry at the ages of 4 and 6 months. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed and blood glucose, leptin and insulin were measured at the ages of 4, 6 and 8 months. The kittens were also weighed daily for the first 2 weeks of life, every second day until weaning and once per week until 8 months of age. The body condition score (BCS) was evaluated monthly between 2 and 8 months of age. The main finding of this study is that a predisposition to overweight is connected to a higher food intake early in life, with no significant alterations in energy expenditure. The leptin blood levels were related to body fat percentage, and insulin sensitivity did not seem to be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Ghielmetti
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta Wichert
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Rüegg
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Section of Veterinary Epidemiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Frey
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Liesegang
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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120
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Iwen KA, Oelkrug R, Brabant G. Effects of thyroid hormones on thermogenesis and energy partitioning. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:R157-R170. [PMID: 29434028 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are of central importance for thermogenesis, energy homeostasis and metabolism. Here, we will discuss these aspects by focussing on the physiological aspects of TH-dependent regulation in response to cold exposure and fasting, which will be compared to alterations in primary hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. In particular, we will summarise current knowledge on regional thyroid hormone status in the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral cells. In contrast to hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, where parallel changes are observed, local alterations in the CNS differ to peripheral compartments when induced by cold exposure or fasting. Cold exposure is associated with low hypothalamic TH concentrations but increased TH levels in the periphery. Fasting results in a reversed TH pattern. Primary hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism disrupt these fine-tuned adaptive mechanisms and both, the hypothalamus and the periphery, will have the same TH status. These important mechanisms need to be considered when discussing thyroid hormone replacement and other therapeutical interventions to modulate TH status.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alexander Iwen
- Medizinische Klinik IExperimentelle und Klinische Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyCenter of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyCenter of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Georg Brabant
- Medizinische Klinik IExperimentelle und Klinische Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Christie Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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121
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Paravidino VB, Mediano MFF, Silva ICM, Wendt A, Del Vecchio FB, Neves FA, Terra BDS, Gomes EAC, Moura AS, Sichieri R. Effect of physical exercise on spontaneous physical activity energy expenditure and energy intake in overweight adults (the EFECT study): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2018. [PMID: 29514690 PMCID: PMC5842658 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical exercise interventions have been extensively advocated for the treatment of obesity; however, clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of exercise interventions on weight control show controversial results. Compensatory mechanisms through a decrease in energy expenditure and/or an increase in caloric consumption is a possible explanation. Several physiological mechanisms involved in the energy balance could explain compensatory mechanisms, but the influences of physical exercise on these adjustments are still unclear. Therefore, the present trial aims to evaluate the effects of exercise on non-exercise physical activity energy expenditure, energy intake and appetite sensations among active overweight/obese adults, as well as, to investigate hormonal changes associated with physical exercise. Methods This study is a randomized controlled trial with parallel, three-group experimental arms. Eighty-one overweight/obese adults will be randomly allocated (1:1:1 ratio) to a vigorous exercise group, moderate exercise group or control group. The trial will be conducted at a military institution and the intervention groups will be submitted to exercise sessions in the evening, three times a week for 65 min, during a 2-week period. The primary outcome will be total spontaneous physical activity energy expenditure during a 2-week period. Secondary outcomes will be caloric intake, appetite sensations and laboratorial biomarkers. Intention-to-treat analysis will be performed using linear mixed-effects models to evaluate the effect of treatment-by-time interaction on primary and secondary outcomes. Data analysis will be performed using SAS 9.3 and statistical significance will be set at p < 0.05. Discussion The results of the present study will help to understand the effect of physical exercise training on subsequent non-exercise physical activity, appetite and energy intake as well as understand the physiological mechanisms underlying a possible compensatory phenomenon, supporting the development of more effective interventions for prevention and treatment of obesity. Trial registration Physical Exercise and Energy Balance trial registry, trial registration number: NCT 03138187. Registered on 30 April 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2445-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Barreto Paravidino
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Department of Physical Education and Sports, Naval Academy - Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Wendt
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Alves Neves
- Department of Physiology Science, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Souza Terra
- Research Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Physical Education Center Admiral Adalberto Nunes, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Anibal Sanchez Moura
- Department of Physiology Science, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Achamrah N, Jésus P, Grigioni S, Rimbert A, Petit A, Déchelotte P, Folope V, Coëffier M. Validity of Predictive Equations for Resting Energy Expenditure Developed for Obese Patients: Impact of Body Composition Method. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10010063. [PMID: 29320432 PMCID: PMC5793291 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive equations have been specifically developed for obese patients to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE). Body composition (BC) assessment is needed for some of these equations. We assessed the impact of BC methods on the accuracy of specific predictive equations developed in obese patients. REE was measured (mREE) by indirect calorimetry and BC assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). mREE, percentages of prediction accuracy (±10% of mREE) were compared. Predictive equations were studied in 2588 obese patients. Mean mREE was 1788 ± 6.3 kcal/24 h. Only the Müller (BIA) and Harris & Benedict (HB) equations provided REE with no difference from mREE. The Huang, Müller, Horie-Waitzberg, and HB formulas provided a higher accurate prediction (>60% of cases). The use of BIA provided better predictions of REE than DXA for the Huang and Müller equations. Inversely, the Horie-Waitzberg and Lazzer formulas provided a higher accuracy using DXA. Accuracy decreased when applied to patients with BMI ≥ 40, except for the Horie-Waitzberg and Lazzer (DXA) formulas. Müller equations based on BIA provided a marked improvement of REE prediction accuracy than equations not based on BC. The interest of BC to improve REE predictive equations accuracy in obese patients should be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najate Achamrah
- Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital Center, 76000 Rouen, France.
- Normandie University, URN, INSERM UMR 1073 «Nutrition, Inflammation et Dysfonction de l'axe Intestin-Cerveau», IRIB, 76000 Rouen, France.
- Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1404, INSERM and Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Pierre Jésus
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France.
- Tropical Neuroepidemiology, INSERM, U1094, 87000 Limoges, France.
- Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, University Limoges, UMR_S 1094, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, F-87000 Limoges, France.
| | - Sébastien Grigioni
- Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital Center, 76000 Rouen, France.
- Normandie University, URN, INSERM UMR 1073 «Nutrition, Inflammation et Dysfonction de l'axe Intestin-Cerveau», IRIB, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Agnès Rimbert
- Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital Center, 76000 Rouen, France.
- Normandie University, URN, INSERM UMR 1073 «Nutrition, Inflammation et Dysfonction de l'axe Intestin-Cerveau», IRIB, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - André Petit
- Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital Center, 76000 Rouen, France.
- Normandie University, URN, INSERM UMR 1073 «Nutrition, Inflammation et Dysfonction de l'axe Intestin-Cerveau», IRIB, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital Center, 76000 Rouen, France.
- Normandie University, URN, INSERM UMR 1073 «Nutrition, Inflammation et Dysfonction de l'axe Intestin-Cerveau», IRIB, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Vanessa Folope
- Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital Center, 76000 Rouen, France.
- Normandie University, URN, INSERM UMR 1073 «Nutrition, Inflammation et Dysfonction de l'axe Intestin-Cerveau», IRIB, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital Center, 76000 Rouen, France.
- Normandie University, URN, INSERM UMR 1073 «Nutrition, Inflammation et Dysfonction de l'axe Intestin-Cerveau», IRIB, 76000 Rouen, France.
- Clinical Investigation Center, CIC 1404, INSERM and Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Spontaneous physical activity (SPA) is a physical activity not motivated by a rewarding goal, such as that associated with food-seeking or wheel-running behavior. SPA is often thought of as only "fidgeting," but that is a mischaracterization, since fidgety behavior can be linked to stereotypies in neurodegenerative disease and other movement disorders. Instead, SPA should be thought of as all physical activity behavior that emanates from an unconscious drive for movement. RECENT FINDINGS An example of this may be restless behavior, which can include fidgeting and gesticulating, frequent sit-to-stand movement, and more time spent standing and moving. All physical activity burns calories, and as such, SPA could be manipulated as a means to burn calories, and defend against weight gain and reduce excess adiposity. In this review, we discuss human and animal literature on the use of SPA in reducing weight gain, the neuromodulators that could be targeted to this end, and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Kotz
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- GRECC, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, GRECC, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
| | | | - Jennifer A Teske
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, 1177 E 4th street, Shantz 332, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Charles J Billington
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 5545, USA
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
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Komura K, Nakae S, Hirakawa K, Ebine N, Suzuki K, Ozawa H, Yamada Y, Kimura M, Ishii K. Total energy expenditure of 10- to 12-year-old Japanese children measured using the doubly labeled water method. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:70. [PMID: 29167695 PMCID: PMC5688666 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To establish Japanese children's estimated energy requirements, total energy expenditure (TEE) data measured using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method is needed. This study aimed to 1) obtain basic TEE data from Japanese children measured using DLW (TEEDLW), 2) compare TEEDLW with TEE estimated by various estimation formulas to calculate their accuracy, and 3) develop a new equation to estimate TEE using body composition and pedometers. Methods TEE was measured using DLW in 56 10- to 12-year-old Japanese children (33 boys, 23 girls). Physical activity level (PAL) was calculated by dividing TEEDLW by estimated resting energy expenditure. To assess their physical activity, participants wore pedometers during the 7-d DLW period. Total body water was calculated from 2H and 18O; fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were then determined. Results In boys and girls of normal weight, TEEDLW was 2067 ± 230 kcal/d and 1830 ± 262 kcal/d, respectively. Average PAL was 1.58 ± 0.17. FFM was strongly related to TEE (r = 0.702, p < 0.01). After adjusting for FFM and FM, step count was significantly associated with TEE (r = 0.707, p < 0.01). The TEE estimation formula used in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for the United States and Canada estimated TEEDLW with high accuracy (bias: 2.0%) in both sexes. We developed new equations for TEE consisting of FFM and step count, which accounted for 68% and 65% of TEE variance in boys and girls, respectively: boys, 47.1 × FFM (kg) + 0.0568 × step count (steps/d) - 122, and girls, 55.5 × FFM (kg) + 0.0315 × step count (steps/d) - 117. Conclusions The TEE in 10- to 12-year-old Japanese children measured using DLW was approximately 7% lower for boys and 12% lower for girls compared to the current Japanese DRI. If PAL can be accurately determined, the equation in the DRI for the United States and Canada may be applicable to Japanese children. In addition, TEE could be predicted using FFM and step count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Komura
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Early Childhood Education, Kyoto Bunkyo Junior College, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakae
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Hirakawa
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kyoto Gakuen University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ebine
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Faculty of Education, Art and Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Haruo Ozawa
- School of Management, Shizuoka Sangyo University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misaka Kimura
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kyoto Gakuen University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Ishii
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
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Ibarra-Reynoso LDR, López-Lemus HL, Garay-Sevilla ME, Malacara JM. Effect of Restriction of Foods with High Fructose Corn Syrup Content on Metabolic Indices and Fatty Liver in Obese Children. Obes Facts 2017; 10:332-340. [PMID: 28787728 PMCID: PMC5644940 DOI: 10.1159/000476069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of restriction of foods with high fructose content in obese school children. METHODS In a clinical study, we selected 54 obese children 6 to 11 years old with high fructose consumption (>70 g/day) in order indicate dietary fructose restriction (<20 g/day) for 6 weeks. Anthropometry, liver ultrasound as well as glucose, insulin, lipids, leptin, IGFBP1, and RBP4 serum levels were collected. RESULTS The group of children had 80% adherence and reported decreased fructose consumption (110 ± 38.6 to 11.4 ± 12.0 g/day) and also a significant decrease in caloric (2,384 ± 568 to 1,757 ± 387 kcal/day) and carbohydrate consumption (302 ± 80.4 to 203 ± 56.0 g/day). The severity of steatosis improved significantly after fructose restriction (p < 0.000001). However, no changes in BMI, systolic blood pressure, or diastolic blood pressure were found. Only triglyceride levels decreased (1.44 ± 0.43 to 1.31 ± 0.38 mmol/l), High-densitiy lipoprotein cholesterol showed a marginal increase (1.45 ± 0.19 to 1.56 ± 0.44 mmol/l). Insulin resistance and RBP4 did not change. CONCLUSIONS In school children, the restriction of high fructose foods with a decrease of caloric and carbohydrate intake at 6 weeks did not induce weight loss; however, triglyceride levels and hepatic steatosis decreased. Differences with other studies in regard to weight loss may be explained by adaptive changes on metabolic expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena del Rocio Ibarra-Reynoso
- *Lorena del Rocío Ibarra-Reynoso, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, 20 de Enero 929, 37320 León, Mexico,
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