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Buschmann MD, Carrasco MJ, Alishetty S, Paige M, Alameh MG, Weissman D. Nanomaterial Delivery Systems for mRNA Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:65. [PMID: 33478109 PMCID: PMC7836001 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent success of mRNA vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 clinical trials is in part due to the development of lipid nanoparticle delivery systems that not only efficiently express the mRNA-encoded immunogen after intramuscular injection, but also play roles as adjuvants and in vaccine reactogenicity. We present an overview of mRNA delivery systems and then focus on the lipid nanoparticles used in the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccine clinical trials. The review concludes with an analysis of the determinants of the performance of lipid nanoparticles in mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Buschmann
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 1J7, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (M.J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Manuel J. Carrasco
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 1J7, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (M.J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Suman Alishetty
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 1J7, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (M.J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Mikell Paige
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
| | - Mohamad Gabriel Alameh
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 130 Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Drew Weissman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 410B Hill Pavilion, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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August A, Attarwala HZ, Himansu S, Kalidindi S, Lu S, Pajon R, Han S, Lecerf JM, Tomassini JE, Hard M, Ptaszek LM, Crowe JE, Zaks T. A phase 1 trial of lipid-encapsulated mRNA encoding a monoclonal antibody with neutralizing activity against Chikungunya virus. Nat Med 2021; 27:2224-2233. [PMID: 34887572 PMCID: PMC8674127 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection causes acute disease characterized by fever, rash and arthralgia, which progresses to severe and chronic arthritis in up to 50% of patients. Moreover, CHIKV infection can be fatal in infants or immunocompromised individuals and has no approved therapy or prevention. This phase 1, first-in-human, randomized, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept trial conducted from January 2019 to June 2020 evaluated the safety and pharmacology of mRNA-1944, a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated messenger RNA encoding the heavy and light chains of a CHIKV-specific monoclonal neutralizing antibody, CHKV-24 ( NCT03829384 ). The primary outcome was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of escalating doses of mRNA-1944 administered via intravenous infusion in healthy participants aged 18-50 years. The secondary objectives included determination of the pharmacokinetics of mRNA encoding for CHKV-24 immunoglobulin heavy and light chains and ionizable amino lipid component and the pharmacodynamics of mRNA-1944 as assessed by serum concentrations of mRNA encoding for CHKV-24 immunoglobulin G (IgG), plasma concentrations of ionizable amino lipid and serum concentrations of CHKV-24 IgG. Here we report the results of a prespecified interim analysis of 38 healthy participants who received intravenous single doses of mRNA-1944 or placebo at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg-1, or two weekly doses at 0.3 mg kg-1. At 12, 24 and 48 h after single infusions, dose-dependent levels of CHKV-24 IgG with neutralizing activity were observed at titers predicted to be therapeutically relevant concentrations (≥1 µg ml-1) across doses that persisted for ≥16 weeks at 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg-1 (mean t1/2 approximately 69 d). A second 0.3 mg kg-1 dose 1 week after the first increased CHKV-24 IgG levels 1.8-fold. Adverse effects were mild to moderate in severity, did not worsen with a second mRNA-1944 dose and none were serious. To our knowledge, mRNA-1944 is the first mRNA-encoded monoclonal antibody showing in vivo expression and detectable ex vivo neutralizing activity in a clinical trial and may offer a treatment option for CHIKV infection. Further evaluation of the potential therapeutic use of mRNA-1944 in clinical trials for the treatment of CHIKV infection is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunny Himansu
- grid.479574.c0000 0004 1791 3172Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Shiva Kalidindi
- grid.479574.c0000 0004 1791 3172Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Sophia Lu
- grid.479574.c0000 0004 1791 3172Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Rolando Pajon
- grid.479574.c0000 0004 1791 3172Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Shu Han
- grid.479574.c0000 0004 1791 3172Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA USA
| | | | | | - Marjie Hard
- grid.479574.c0000 0004 1791 3172Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Leon M. Ptaszek
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Tal Zaks
- grid.479574.c0000 0004 1791 3172Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA USA
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103
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Soetens E, Ballegeer M, Saelens X. An Inside Job: Applications of Intracellular Single Domain Antibodies. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121663. [PMID: 33322697 PMCID: PMC7764588 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sera of camelid species contain a special kind of antibody that consists only of heavy chains. The variable antigen binding domain of these heavy chain antibodies can be expressed as a separate entity, called a single domain antibody that is characterized by its small size, high solubility and oftentimes exceptional stability. Because of this, most single domain antibodies fold correctly when expressed in the reducing environment of the cytoplasm, and thereby retain their antigen binding specificity. Single domain antibodies can thus be used to target a broad range of intracellular proteins. Such intracellular single domain antibodies are also known as intrabodies, and have proven to be highly useful tools for basic research by allowing visualization, disruption and even targeted degradation of intracellular proteins. Furthermore, intrabodies can be used to uncover prospective new therapeutic targets and have the potential to be applied in therapeutic settings in the future. In this review we provide a brief overview of recent advances in the field of intracellular single domain antibodies, focusing on their use as research tools and potential therapeutic applications. Special attention is given to the available methods that allow delivery of single domain antibodies into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Soetens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; (E.S.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marlies Ballegeer
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; (E.S.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; (E.S.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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104
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Guevara ML, Persano F, Persano S. Advances in Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Chem 2020; 8:589959. [PMID: 33195094 PMCID: PMC7645050 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.589959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as potent and flexible platform for the development of novel effective cancer immunotherapies. Advances in non-viral gene delivery technologies, especially the tremendous progress in lipid nanoparticles' manufacturing, have made possible the implementation of mRNA-based antitumor treatments. Several mRNA-based immunotherapies have demonstrated antitumor effect in preclinical and clinical studies, and marked successes have been achieved most notably by its implementation in therapeutic vaccines, cytokines therapies, checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the development of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA-based immunotherapies and their applications in cancer treatment. Finally, we also highlight the variety of immunotherapeutic approaches through mRNA delivery and discuss the main factors affecting transfection efficiency and tropism of mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Guevara
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Persano
- Department Matematica e Fisica 'Ennio De Giorgi', Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefano Persano
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
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105
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Jiang L, Park JS, Yin L, Laureano R, Jacquinet E, Yang J, Liang S, Frassetto A, Zhuo J, Yan X, Zhu X, Fortucci S, Hoar K, Mihai C, Tunkey C, Presnyak V, Benenato KE, Lukacs CM, Martini PGV, Guey LT. Dual mRNA therapy restores metabolic function in long-term studies in mice with propionic acidemia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5339. [PMID: 33087718 PMCID: PMC7578066 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionic acidemia/aciduria (PA) is an ultra-rare, life-threatening, inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme, propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) composed of six alpha (PCCA) and six beta (PCCB) subunits. We herein report an enzyme replacement approach to treat PA using a combination of two messenger RNAs (mRNAs) (dual mRNAs) encoding both human PCCA (hPCCA) and PCCB (hPCCB) encapsulated in biodegradable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to produce functional PCC enzyme in liver. In patient fibroblasts, dual mRNAs encoded proteins localize in mitochondria and produce higher PCC enzyme activity vs. single (PCCA or PCCB) mRNA alone. In a hypomorphic murine model of PA, dual mRNAs normalize ammonia similarly to carglumic acid, a drug approved in Europe for the treatment of hyperammonemia due to PA. Dual mRNAs additionally restore functional PCC enzyme in liver and thus reduce primary disease-associated toxins in a dose-dependent manner in long-term 3- and 6-month repeat-dose studies in PA mice. Dual mRNAs are well-tolerated in these studies with no adverse findings. These studies demonstrate the potential of mRNA technology to chronically administer multiple mRNAs to produce large complex enzymes, with applicability to other genetic disorders. Propionic acidemia is a serious pediatric inherited disorder with no effective treatments. Here the authors demonstrate that delivering dual mRNAs as an enzyme replacement approach can be used as an effective therapy in a mouse model of propionic acidemia, with potential applicability to chronically administer multiple mRNAs in other genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ji-Sun Park
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ling Yin
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Eric Jacquinet
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jinsong Yang
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shi Liang
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Jenny Zhuo
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xinhua Yan
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xuling Zhu
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Steven Fortucci
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kara Hoar
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Cosmin Mihai
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Vlad Presnyak
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lin T Guey
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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106
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Do P, Perdue LA, Chyong A, Hunter R, Dougan J, Henry CJ, Porter CC, Dreaden EC. Rapid Assembly and Screening of Multivalent Immune Cell-Redirecting Therapies for Leukemia. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:533-541. [PMID: 32786324 PMCID: PMC8496977 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapies that bind with immune cells and redirect their cytotoxic activity toward diseased cells represent a promising and versatile approach to immunotherapy with applications in cancer, lupus, and other diseases; traditional methods for discovering these therapies, however, are often time-intensive and lack the throughput of related target-based discovery approaches. Inspired by the observation that the cytokine, IL-12, can enhance antileukemic activity of the clinically approved T cell redirecting therapy, blinatumomab, here we describe the structure and assembly of a chimeric immune cell-redirecting agent which redirects the lytic activity of primary human T cells toward leukemic B cells and simultaneously cotargets the delivery of T cell-stimulating IL-12. We further describe a novel method for the parallel assembly of compositionally diverse libraries of these bispecific T cell engaging cytokines (BiTEokines) and their high-throughput phenotypic screening, requiring just days for hit identification and the analysis of composition-function relationships. Using this approach, we identified CD19 × CD3 × IL12 compounds that exhibit ex vivo lytic activity comparable to current FDA-approved therapies for leukemia and correlated drug treatment with specific cell–cell contact, cytokine delivery, and leukemia cell lysis. Given the modular nature of these multivalent compounds and their rapid assembly/screening, we anticipate facile extension of this therapeutic approach to a wide range of immune cells, diseased cells, and soluble protein combinations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Do
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Lacey A Perdue
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Andrew Chyong
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Rae Hunter
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jodi Dougan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Curtis J Henry
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Christopher C Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Erik C Dreaden
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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107
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Brisse M, Vrba SM, Kirk N, Liang Y, Ly H. Emerging Concepts and Technologies in Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583077. [PMID: 33101309 PMCID: PMC7554600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of vaccination to greatly mitigate or eliminate threat of diseases caused by pathogens, there are still known diseases and emerging pathogens for which the development of successful vaccines against them is inherently difficult. In addition, vaccine development for people with compromised immunity and other pre-existing medical conditions has remained a major challenge. Besides the traditional inactivated or live attenuated, virus-vectored and subunit vaccines, emerging non-viral vaccine technologies, such as viral-like particle and nanoparticle vaccines, DNA/RNA vaccines, and rational vaccine design, offer innovative approaches to address existing challenges of vaccine development. They have also significantly advanced our understanding of vaccine immunology and can guide future vaccine development for many diseases, including rapidly emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, and diseases that have not traditionally been addressed by vaccination, such as cancers and substance abuse. This review provides an integrative discussion of new non-viral vaccine development technologies and their use to address the most fundamental and ongoing challenges of vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brisse
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Sophia M. Vrba
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Natalie Kirk
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
- Comparative Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Yuying Liang
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
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108
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Bockamp E, Rosigkeit S, Siegl D, Schuppan D. Nano-Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy: Immunology Encounters Nanotechnology. Cells 2020; 9:E2102. [PMID: 32942725 PMCID: PMC7565449 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy utilizes the immune system to fight cancer and has already moved from the laboratory to clinical application. However, and despite excellent therapeutic outcomes in some hematological and solid cancers, the regular clinical use of cancer immunotherapies reveals major limitations. These include the lack of effective immune therapy options for some cancer types, unresponsiveness to treatment by many patients, evolving therapy resistance, the inaccessible and immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and the risk of potentially life-threatening immune toxicities. Given the potential of nanotechnology to deliver, enhance, and fine-tune cancer immunotherapeutic agents, the combination of cancer immunotherapy with nanotechnology can overcome some of these limitations. In this review, we summarize innovative reports and novel strategies that successfully combine nanotechnology and cancer immunotherapy. We also provide insight into how nanoparticular combination therapies can be used to improve therapy responsiveness, to reduce unwanted toxicity, and to overcome adverse effects of the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Bockamp
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.B.); (S.R.); (D.S.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rosigkeit
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.B.); (S.R.); (D.S.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Siegl
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.B.); (S.R.); (D.S.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.B.); (S.R.); (D.S.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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109
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Erasmus JH, Archer J, Fuerte-Stone J, Khandhar AP, Voigt E, Granger B, Bombardi RG, Govero J, Tan Q, Durnell LA, Coler RN, Diamond MS, Crowe JE, Reed SG, Thackray LB, Carnahan RH, Van Hoeven N. Intramuscular Delivery of Replicon RNA Encoding ZIKV-117 Human Monoclonal Antibody Protects against Zika Virus Infection. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 18:402-414. [PMID: 32695842 PMCID: PMC7363633 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics are an effective modality for the treatment of infectious, autoimmune, and cancer-related diseases. However, the discovery, development, and manufacturing processes are complex, resource-consuming activities that preclude the rapid deployment of mAbs in outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases. Given recent advances in nucleic acid delivery technology, it is now possible to deliver exogenous mRNA encoding mAbs for in situ expression following intravenous (i.v.) infusion of lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA. However, the requirement for i.v. administration limits the application to settings where infusion is an option, increasing the cost of treatment. As an alternative strategy, and to enable intramuscular (IM) administration of mRNA-encoded mAbs, we describe a nanostructured lipid carrier for delivery of an alphavirus replicon encoding a previously described highly neutralizing human mAb, ZIKV-117. Using a lethal Zika virus challenge model in mice, our studies show robust protection following alphavirus-driven expression of ZIKV-117 mRNA when given by IM administration as pre-exposure prophylaxis or post-exposure therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse H. Erasmus
- Pre-Clinical Vaccine Development, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- HDT Biocorp, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacob Archer
- Pre-Clinical Vaccine Development, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- HDT Biocorp, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jasmine Fuerte-Stone
- Pre-Clinical Vaccine Development, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amit P. Khandhar
- Pre-Clinical Vaccine Development, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- HDT Biocorp, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily Voigt
- Pre-Clinical Vaccine Development, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian Granger
- Pre-Clinical Vaccine Development, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robin G. Bombardi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 27232, USA
| | - Jennifer Govero
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qing Tan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lorellin A. Durnell
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rhea N. Coler
- Pre-Clinical Vaccine Development, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 27232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 27232, USA
- Department of Pathology Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 27232, USA
| | - Steven G. Reed
- Pre-Clinical Vaccine Development, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- HDT Biocorp, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Larissa B. Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert H. Carnahan
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 27232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 27232, USA
| | - Neal Van Hoeven
- Pre-Clinical Vaccine Development, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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110
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Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has immense potential for developing a wide range of therapies, including immunotherapy and protein replacement. As mRNA presents no risk of integration into the host genome and does not require nuclear entry for transfection, which allows protein production even in nondividing cells, mRNA-based approaches can be envisioned as safe and practical therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, mRNA presents unfavorable characteristics, such as large size, immunogenicity, limited cellular uptake, and sensitivity to enzymatic degradation, which hinder its use as a therapeutic agent. While mRNA stability and immunogenicity have been ameliorated by direct modifications on the mRNA structure, further improvements in mRNA delivery are still needed for promoting its activity in biological settings. In this regard, nanomedicine has shown the ability for spatiotemporally controlling the function of a myriad of bioactive agents in vivo. Direct engineering of nanomedicine structures for loading, protecting, and releasing mRNA and navigating in biological environments can then be applied for promoting mRNA translation toward the development of effective treatments. Here, we review recent approaches aimed at enhancing mRNA function and its delivery through nanomedicines, with particular emphasis on their applications and eventual clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Uchida
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Federico Perche
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301 CNRS Rue Charles Sadron Orléans, Orléans 45071 Cedex 02, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301 CNRS Rue Charles Sadron Orléans, Orléans 45071 Cedex 02, France.,Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Orléans, Orléans 45071 Cedex 02, France
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
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111
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Blanco B, Ramírez-Fernández Á, Alvarez-Vallina L. Engineering Immune Cells for in vivo Secretion of Tumor-Specific T Cell-Redirecting Bispecific Antibodies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1792. [PMID: 32903593 PMCID: PMC7438551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic approaches based on the redirection of T cell activity toward tumor cells are actively being investigated. The impressive clinical success of the continuously intravenously infused T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody (T-bsAb) blinatumomab (anti-CD19 x anti-CD3), and of engineered T cells expressing anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T cells) in hematological malignancies, has led to renewed interest in a novel cancer immunotherapy strategy that combines features of antibody- and cell-based therapies. This emerging approach is based on the endogenous secretion of T-bsAbs by engineered T cells (STAb-T cells). Adoptive transfer of genetically modified STAb-T cells has demonstrated potent anti-tumor activity in both solid tumor and hematologic preclinical xenograft models. We review here the potential benefits of the STAb-T strategy over similar approaches currently being used in clinic, and we discuss the potential combination of this promising strategy with the well-established CAR-T cell approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Blanco
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Ramírez-Fernández
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
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112
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Development of an artificial antibody specific for HLA/peptide complex derived from cancer stem-like cell/cancer-initiating cell antigen DNAJB8. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1387-1394. [PMID: 32753678 PMCID: PMC7592043 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-1017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peptide-vaccination therapy targeting tumour-associated antigens can elicit immune responses, but cannot be used to eliminate large tumour burden. In this study, we developed a therapeutic single-chain variable-fragment (scFv) antibody that recognises the cancer stem-like cell/cancer-initiating cell (CSC/CIC) antigen, DNAJB8. Methods We screened scFv clones reacting with HLA-A24:20/DNAJB8-derived peptide (DNAJB8_143) complex using naive scFv phage-display libraries. Reactivity and affinity of scFv clones against the cognate antigen were quantified using FACS and surface plasmon resonance. Candidate scFv clones were engineered to human IgG1 (hIgG1) and T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody (CD3xJB8). Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and bispecific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (BADCC) were assessed. Results scFv clones A10 and B10 were isolated after bio-panning. Both A10-hIgG1 and B10-hIgG1 reacted with DNAJB8-143 peptide-pulsed antigen-presenting cells and HLA-A24(+)/DNAJB8(+) renal cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma cell lines. A10-hIgG1 and B10-hIgG1 showed strong affinity with the cognate HLA/peptide complex (KD = 2.96 × 10−9 M and 5.04 × 10−9 M, respectively). A10-hIgG1 and B10-hIgG1 showed CDC against HLA-A24(+)/DNAJB8(+) cell lines. B10-(CD3xJB8) showed superior BADCC to A10-(CD3xJB8). Conclusion We isolated artificial scFv antibodies reactive to CSC/CIC antigen DNAJB8-derived peptide naturally present on renal cell carcinoma and sarcoma. Immunotherapy using these engineered antibodies could be promising.
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113
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Frederiksen LSF, Zhang Y, Foged C, Thakur A. The Long Road Toward COVID-19 Herd Immunity: Vaccine Platform Technologies and Mass Immunization Strategies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1817. [PMID: 32793245 PMCID: PMC7385234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for effective countermeasures against the current emergence and accelerating expansion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Induction of herd immunity by mass vaccination has been a very successful strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases, hence protecting the most vulnerable population groups unable to develop immunity, for example individuals with immunodeficiencies or a weakened immune system due to underlying medical or debilitating conditions. Therefore, vaccination represents one of the most promising counter-pandemic measures to COVID-19. However, to date, no licensed vaccine exists, neither for SARS-CoV-2 nor for the closely related SARS-CoV or Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV. In addition, a few vaccine candidates have only recently entered human clinical trials, which hampers the progress in tackling COVID-19 infection. Here, we discuss potential prophylactic interventions for SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the challenges existing for vaccine development, and we review pre-clinical progress and ongoing human clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine candidates. Although COVID-19 vaccine development is currently accelerated via so-called fast-track programs, vaccines may not be timely available to have an impact on the first wave of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, COVID-19 vaccines will be essential in the future for reducing morbidity and mortality and inducing herd immunity, if SARS-CoV-2 becomes established in the population like for example influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yibang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aneesh Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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114
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Meng
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan 410000 China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan 410000 China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Thomas Welte
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
- Cancer Center Houston Methodist Hospital Houston TX 77030 USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY 10065 USA
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115
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Van Hoecke L, Verbeke R, De Vlieger D, Dewitte H, Roose K, Van Nevel S, Krysko O, Bachert C, Schepens B, Lentacker I, Saelens X. mRNA Encoding a Bispecific Single Domain Antibody Construct Protects against Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:777-787. [PMID: 32438313 PMCID: PMC7240188 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To date, mRNA-based biologics have mainly been developed for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination to combat infectious diseases or cancer. In the past years, optimization of the characteristics of in vitro transcribed mRNA has led to significant reduction of the inflammatory responses. Thanks to this, mRNA therapeutics have entered the field of passive immunization. Here, we established an mRNA treatment that is based on mRNA that codes for a bispecific single-domain antibody construct that can selectively recruit innate immune cells to cells infected with influenza A virus. The constructs consist of a single-domain antibody that binds to the ectodomain of the conserved influenza A matrix protein 2, while the other single-domain antibody binds to the activating mouse Fcγ receptor IV. Formulating the mRNA into DOTAP (1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane)/cholesterol nanoparticles and delivering these intratracheally to mice allowed the production of the bispecific single-domain antibody in the lungs, and administration of these mRNA-particles prior to influenza A virus infection was associated with a significant reduction in viral titers and a reduced morbidity in mice. Overall, our data provide evidence that the local delivery of mRNA encoding a bispecific single-domain antibody format in the lungs could be a promising pulmonary antiviral prophylactic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rein Verbeke
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dorien De Vlieger
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heleen Dewitte
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - Kenny Roose
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sharon Van Nevel
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olga Krysko
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Schepens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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116
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Polylactide-Based Reactive Micelles as a Robust Platform for mRNA Delivery. Pharm Res 2020; 37:30. [PMID: 31915939 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE mRNA has recently emerged as a potent therapeutics and requires safe and effective delivery carriers, particularly prone to address its issues of poor stability and escape from endosomes. In this context, we designed poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA)-based micelles with N-succinimidyl (NS) ester decorated hydrophilic hairy corona to trap/couple a cationic fusogenic peptide and further complex mRNA. METHODS Two strategies were investigated, namely (i) sequential immobilization of peptide and mRNA onto the micelles (layer-by-layer, LbL) or (ii) direct immobilization of peptide-mRNA pre-complex (PC) on the micelles. After characterization by means of size, surface charge, peptide/mRNA coupling/complexation and mRNA serum stability, carrier cytotoxicity and transfection capacity were evaluated with dendritic cells (DCs) using both GFP and luciferase mRNAs. RESULTS Whatever the approach used, the micellar assemblies afforded full protection of mRNA in serum while the peptide-mRNA complex yielded complete mRNA degradation. In addition, the micellar assemblies allowed to significantly reduce the toxicity observed with the peptide-mRNA complex. They successfully transfected hard-to transfect DCs, with a superior efficiency for the LbL made ones (whatever mRNAs studied) showing the impact of the elaboration process on the carrier properties. CONCLUSIONS These results show the relevance and potential of this new PLA/peptide based micelle platform to improve mRNA stability and delivery, while offering the possibility of further multifunctionality through PLA core encapsulation.
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Abstract
Antibody immunotherapy is revolutionizing modern medicine. The field has advanced dramatically over the past 40 years, driven in part by major advances in isolation and manufacturing technologies that have brought these important biologics to the forefront of modern medicine. However, the global uptake of monoclonal antibody (mAb) biologics is impeded by biophysical and biochemical liabilities, production limitations, the need for cold-chain storage and transport, as well as high costs of manufacturing and distribution. Some of these hurdles may be overcome through transient in vivo gene delivery platforms, such as non-viral synthetic plasmid DNA and messenger RNA vectors that are engineered to encode optimized mAb genes. These approaches turn the body into a biological factory for antibody production, eliminating many of the steps involved in bioprocesses and providing several other significant advantages, and differ from traditional gene therapy (permanent delivery) approaches. In this review, we focus on nucleic acid delivery of antibody employing synthetic plasmid DNA vector platforms, and RNA delivery, these being important approaches that are advancing simple, rapid, in vivo expression and having an impact in animal models of infectious diseases and cancer, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mamadou A Bah
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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118
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Rader C. Bispecific antibodies in cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 65:9-16. [PMID: 31841859 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Among antibody-based cancer therapies, bispecific antibodies (biAbs) have gained momentum in preclinical and clinical investigations following the regulatory approvals of the trailblazing T-cell engaging biAb (T-biAb) blinatumomab. Discussed herein are recent strategies that aim at boosting the potency and mitigating the toxicity of T-biAbs, broadening their therapeutic utility from hematologic to solid malignancies, and generating T-biAbs in situ. In cancer immunotherapy, T-biAbs are facing fierce competition with chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts), a battle for clinical and commercial viability that will be closely watched. However, innovative combinations of T-biAbs and CAR-Ts have also transpired. NK-cell engaging biAbs (NK-biAbs) are reemerging as an alternative that addresses liabilities of T-biAbs. Beyond NK-biAbs, other biAbs designed to recruit cellular and molecular components of the innate immune system will be covered in this reflection on new tools, technologies, and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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119
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Galani IE, Klechevsky E, Andreakos E. Human and translational immunology in the third millennium: progress, challenges and opportunities. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1568-1573. [PMID: 31745346 PMCID: PMC10424696 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Internationally renowned scientists gathered at the 2nd Human & Translational Immunology Conference in Kos, Greece, to discuss the latest advances in translational immunology, especially vaccinology, infectious diseases and tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna E Galani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eynav Klechevsky
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, division of immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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120
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A Trans-amplifying RNA Vaccine Strategy for Induction of Potent Protective Immunity. Mol Ther 2019; 28:119-128. [PMID: 31624015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a potent RNA vaccine approach based on a novel bipartite vector system using trans-amplifying RNA (taRNA). The vector cassette encoding the vaccine antigen originates from an alphaviral self-amplifying RNA (saRNA), from which the replicase was deleted to form a transreplicon. Replicase activity is provided in trans by a second molecule, either by a standard saRNA or an optimized non-replicating mRNA (nrRNA). The latter delivered 10- to 100-fold higher transreplicon expression than the former. Moreover, expression driven by the nrRNA-encoded replicase in the taRNA system was as efficient as in a conventional monopartite saRNA system. We show that the superiority of nrRNA- over saRNA-encoded replicase to drive expression of the transreplicon is most likely attributable to its higher translational efficiency and lack of interference with cellular translation. Testing the novel taRNA system in mice, we observed that doses of influenza hemagglutinin antigen-encoding RNA as low as 50 ng were sufficient to induce neutralizing antibodies and mount a protective immune response against live virus challenge. These findings, together with a favorable safety profile, a simpler production process, and the universal applicability associated with this bipartite vector system, warrant further exploration of taRNA.
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121
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Therapeutic mRNA delivery to leukocytes. J Control Release 2019; 305:165-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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123
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Labrijn AF, Janmaat ML, Reichert JM, Parren PWHI. Bispecific antibodies: a mechanistic review of the pipeline. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:585-608. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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124
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Rybakova Y, Kowalski PS, Huang Y, Gonzalez JT, Heartlein MW, DeRosa F, Delcassian D, Anderson DG. mRNA Delivery for Therapeutic Anti-HER2 Antibody Expression In Vivo. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1415-1423. [PMID: 31160223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based drugs are a leading class of biologics used to treat a variety of diseases, including cancer. However, wide antibody implementation is hindered by manufacturing challenges and high production cost. Use of in-vitro-transcribed mRNA (IVT-mRNA) for endogenous protein expression has the potential to circumvent many of the shortcomings of antibody production and therapeutic application. Here, we describe the development of an IVT-mRNA system for in vivo delivery of a humanized anti-HER2 (also known as ERBB2) antibody, trastuzumab, and demonstrate its anticancer activity. We engineered the IVT-mRNA sequence to maximize expression, then formulated the IVT-mRNA into lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) to protect the mRNA from degradation and enable efficient in vivo delivery. Systemic delivery of the optimized IVT-mRNA loaded into LNPs resulted in antibody serum concentrations of 45 ± 8.6 μg/mL for 14 days after LNP injection. Further studies demonstrated an improved pharmacokinetic profile of the produced protein compared to injection of trastuzumab protein. Finally, treatment of tumor-bearing mice with trastuzumab IVT-mRNA LNPs selectively reduced the volume of HER2-positive tumors and improved animal survival. Taken together, the results of our study demonstrate that using IVT-mRNA LNPs to express full-size therapeutic antibodies in the liver can provide an effective strategy for cancer treatment and offers an alternative to protein administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Rybakova
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Piotr S Kowalski
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yuxuan Huang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John T Gonzalez
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Derfogail Delcassian
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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125
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Perales-Puchalt A, Duperret EK, Yang X, Hernandez P, Wojtak K, Zhu X, Jung SH, Tello-Ruiz E, Wise MC, Montaner LJ, Muthumani K, Weiner DB. DNA-encoded bispecific T cell engagers and antibodies present long-term antitumor activity. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126086. [PMID: 30996140 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific antibody therapy, including mAbs and bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs), are important new tools for cancer immunotherapy. However, these approaches are slow to develop and may be limited in their production, thus restricting the patients who can access these treatments. BiTEs exhibit a particularly short half-life and difficult production. The development of an approach allowing simplified development, delivery, and in vivo production would be an important advance. Here we describe the development of a designed synthetic DNA plasmid, which we optimized to permit high expression of an anti-HER2 antibody (HER2dMAb) and delivered it into animals through adaptive electroporation. HER2dMAb was efficiently expressed in vitro and in vivo, reaching levels of 50 μg/ml in mouse sera. Mechanistically, HER2dMAb blocked HER2 signaling and induced antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. HER2dMAb delayed tumor progression for HER2-expressing ovarian and breast cancer models. We next used the HER2dMAb single-chain variable fragment portion to engineer a DNA-encoded BiTE (DBiTE). This HER2DBiTE was expressed in vivo for approximately 4 months after a single administration. The HER2DBiTE was highly cytolytic and delayed cancer progression in mice. These studies illustrate an approach to generate DBiTEs in vivo, which represent promising immunotherapies for HER2+ tumors, including ovarian and potentially other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth K Duperret
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xue Yang
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia Hernandez
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Krzysztof Wojtak
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xizhou Zhu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seang-Hwan Jung
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edgar Tello-Ruiz
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Megan C Wise
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luis J Montaner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Foster JB, Barrett DM, Karikó K. The Emerging Role of In Vitro-Transcribed mRNA in Adoptive T Cell Immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2019; 27:747-756. [PMID: 30819612 PMCID: PMC6453504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy is a form of cellular therapy that utilizes human immune cells, often empowered by the expression of recombinant proteins, to attack selected targets present on tumor or infected cells. T cell-based immunotherapy has been progressing over the past several decades, and reached a milestone with the recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for relapsed and refractory leukemia and lymphoma. Although most studies have used viral vectors, a growing number of researchers have come to appreciate in vitro-transcribed (IVT) mRNA for the development, testing, and application of T cell-based immunotherapeutics. IVT mRNA offers inherent safety features, highly efficient recombinant protein translation, and the ability to control pharmacokinetic properties of the therapy. In this review, we discuss the history of IVT mRNA in adoptive T cell therapy, from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and T cell receptor-based therapies to chimeric antigen receptor therapy and gene-editing techniques, as well as prior and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Foster
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - David M Barrett
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Schlake T, Thran M, Fiedler K, Heidenreich R, Petsch B, Fotin-Mleczek M. mRNA: A Novel Avenue to Antibody Therapy? Mol Ther 2019; 27:773-784. [PMID: 30885573 PMCID: PMC6453519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
First attempts to use exogenous mRNA for protein expression in vivo were made more than 25 years ago. However, widespread appreciation of in vitro transcribed mRNA as a powerful technology for supplying therapeutic proteins to the body has evolved only during the past few years. Various approaches to turning mRNA into a potent therapeutic have been developed. All of them share utilization of specifically designed, rather than endogenous, sequences and thorough purification protocols. Apart from this, there are two fundamental philosophies, one promoting the use of chemically modified nucleotides, the other advocating restriction to unmodified building blocks. Meanwhile, both strategies have received broad support by successful mRNA-based protein treatments in animal models. For such in vivo use, specifically optimized mRNA had to be combined with potent formulations to enable efficient in vivo delivery. The present review analyzes the applicability of mRNA technology to antibody therapy in all main fields: antitoxins, infectious diseases, and oncology.
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128
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Kowalski PS, Rudra A, Miao L, Anderson DG. Delivering the Messenger: Advances in Technologies for Therapeutic mRNA Delivery. Mol Ther 2019; 27:710-728. [PMID: 30846391 PMCID: PMC6453548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 596] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA has broad potential as a therapeutic. Current clinical efforts are focused on vaccination, protein replacement therapies, and treatment of genetic diseases. The clinical translation of mRNA therapeutics has been made possible through advances in the design of mRNA manufacturing and intracellular delivery methods. However, broad application of mRNA is still limited by the need for improved delivery systems. In this review, we discuss the challenges for clinical translation of mRNA-based therapeutics, with an emphasis on recent advances in biomaterials and delivery strategies, and we present an overview of the applications of mRNA-based delivery for protein therapy, gene editing, and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr S Kowalski
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Arnab Rudra
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lei Miao
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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129
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DeRosa F, Smith L, Shen Y, Huang Y, Pan J, Xie H, Yahalom B, Heartlein MW. Improved Efficacy in a Fabry Disease Model Using a Systemic mRNA Liver Depot System as Compared to Enzyme Replacement Therapy. Mol Ther 2019; 27:878-889. [PMID: 30879951 PMCID: PMC6453518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of α-galactosidase A. Enzyme deficiency results in a progressive decline in renal and cardiac function, leading to cardiomyopathy and end-stage renal disease. Current treatments available, including enzyme replacement therapies, have provided significant benefit to patients; however, unmet medical needs remain. mRNA therapy, with drug-like properties, has the unique ability to produce therapeutic proteins endogenously. Here we describe the sustained delivery of therapeutic human α-galactosidase protein in vivo via nanoparticle-formulated mRNA in mouse and non-human primate, with a demonstration of efficacy through clinically relevant biomarker reduction in a mouse Fabry disease model. Multi-component nanoparticles formulated with lipids and lipid-like materials were developed for the delivery of mRNA encoding human α-galactosidase protein. Upon delivery of human GLA mRNA to mice, serum GLA protein levels reached as high as ∼1,330-fold over normal physiological values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yan Huang
- Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA 02141, USA
| | - Jing Pan
- Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA 02141, USA
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130
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Blanco B, Compte M, Lykkemark S, Sanz L, Alvarez-Vallina L. T Cell-Redirecting Strategies to ‘STAb’ Tumors: Beyond CARs and Bispecific Antibodies. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:243-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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131
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R E De la Vega
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - C H Evans
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - M van Griensven
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA; Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - E R Balmayor
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA; Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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132
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Van Hoecke L, Roose K. How mRNA therapeutics are entering the monoclonal antibody field. J Transl Med 2019; 17:54. [PMID: 30795778 PMCID: PMC6387507 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1975, Milstein and Köhler revolutionized the medical world with the development of the hybridoma technique to produce monoclonal antibodies. Since then, monoclonal antibodies have entered almost every branch of biomedical research. Antibodies are now used as frontline therapeutics in highly divergent indications, ranging from autoimmune disease over allergic asthma to cancer. Wider accessibility and implementation of antibody-based therapeutics is however hindered by manufacturing challenges and high development costs inherent to protein-based drugs. For these reasons, alternative ways are being pursued to produce and deliver antibodies more cost-effectively without hampering safety. Over the past decade, messenger RNA (mRNA) based drugs have emerged as a highly appealing new class of biologics that can be used to encode any protein of interest directly in vivo. Whereas current clinical efforts to use mRNA as a drug are mainly situated at the level of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination, three recent preclinical studies have addressed the feasibility of using mRNA to encode therapeutic antibodies directly in vivo. Here, we highlight the potential of mRNA-based approaches to solve several of the issues associated with antibodies produced and delivered in protein format. Nonetheless, we also identify key hurdles that mRNA-based approaches still need to take to fulfill this potential and ultimately replace the current protein antibody format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kenny Roose
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Departement of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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133
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Foster JB, Choudhari N, Perazzelli J, Storm J, Hofmann TJ, Jain P, Storm PB, Pardi N, Weissman D, Waanders AJ, Grupp SA, Karikó K, Resnick AC, Barrett DM. Purification of mRNA Encoding Chimeric Antigen Receptor Is Critical for Generation of a Robust T-Cell Response. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:168-178. [PMID: 30024272 PMCID: PMC6383579 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells made with messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) offer a safe alternative to those transduced with viral CARs by mitigating the side effects of constitutively active T cells. Previous studies have shown that mRNA CAR T cells are transiently effective but lack persistence and potency across tumor types. It was hypothesized that the efficacy of mRNA CARs could be improved by utilizing recent advancements in RNA technology, such as incorporating a modified nucleoside, 1-methylpseudouridine, into the mRNA and applying a novel purification method using RNase III to eliminate dsRNA contaminants. T cells electroporated with nucleoside-modified and purified mRNA encoding CD19 CAR showed an initial twofold increase in CAR surface expression, as well as a twofold improvement in cytotoxic killing of leukemia cells that persisted up to 5 days. T cells generated with nucleoside-modified and purified CAR mRNA also showed reduced expression of checkpoint regulators and a differential pattern of genetic activation compared to those made with conventional mRNA. In vivo studies using a leukemia mouse model revealed that the most robust 100-fold suppression of leukemic burden was achieved using T cells electroporated with purified mRNAs, regardless of their nucleoside modification. The results provide a novel approach to generate mRNA for clinical trials, and poise mRNA CAR T cells for increased efficacy during testing as new CAR targets emerge.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigens, CD19/genetics
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Electroporation
- Humans
- Leukemia/genetics
- Leukemia/immunology
- Leukemia/pathology
- Leukemia/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B. Foster
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Namrata Choudhari
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Perazzelli
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julie Storm
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ted J. Hofmann
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Payal Jain
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Phillip B. Storm
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Drew Weissman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Angela J. Waanders
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephan A. Grupp
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Adam C. Resnick
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David M. Barrett
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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134
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Uchida S, Kataoka K. Design concepts of polyplex micelles for in vivo therapeutic delivery of plasmid DNA and messenger RNA. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:978-990. [PMID: 30665262 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nonviral delivery of plasmid (p)DNA or messenger (m)RNA is a safe and promising therapeutic option to continuously supply therapeutic proteins into diseased tissues. In most cases of in vivo pDNA and mRNA delivery, these nucleic acids are loaded into carriers based on cationic polymers and/or lipids to prevent nuclease-mediated degradation before reaching target cells. The carriers should also evade host clearance mechanisms, including uptake by scavenger cells and filtration in the spleen. Installation of ligands onto the carriers can facilitate their rapid uptake into target cells. Meanwhile, carrier toxicity should be minimized not only for preventing undesirable adverse responses in patients, but also for preserving the function of transfected cells to exert therapeutic effects. Long-term progressive improvement of platform technologies has helped overcome most of these issues, though some still remain hindering the widespread clinical application of nonviral pDNA and mRNA delivery. This review discusses design concepts of nonviral carriers for in vivo delivery and the issues to be overcome, focusing especially on our own efforts using polyplex micelles. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 978-990, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Uchida
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan.,Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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135
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Yoshinaga N, Uchida S, Naito M, Osada K, Cabral H, Kataoka K. Induced packaging of mRNA into polyplex micelles by regulated hybridization with a small number of cholesteryl RNA oligonucleotides directed enhanced in vivo transfection. Biomaterials 2019; 197:255-267. [PMID: 30669016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There has been a progressive interest in the molecular design of polymers and lipids as synthetic carriers for targeting therapeutic mRNA in vivo with the ability to circumvent nuclease attack for treating intractable diseases. Herein, we developed a simple approach to attain one order of magnitude higher nuclease tolerability of mRNA through the formation of polyplex micelles (PMs) by combining ω-cholesteryl (ω-Chol)-poly (ethylene-glycol) (PEG)-polycation block copolymers with mRNA pre-hybridized with cholesterol (Chol)-tethered RNA oligonucleotides (Chol (+)-OligoRNA). Even one or a few short Chol (+)-OligoRNA anchors harboring along the 46-fold longer mRNA strand was sufficient to induce tight mRNA packaging in the PM core, as evidenced by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurement as well as by a longitudinal relaxation time (T1) measurement using NMR. These results suggest that Chol (+)-OligoRNA on mRNA strand serves as a node to attract ω-Chol moiety of the block copolymers to tighten the mRNA packaging in the PM core. These mRNA loaded PMs showed high tolerability against nuclease attack, and exerted appreciable protein translational activity in cultured cells without any inflammatory responses, achieved by shortening of the length of hybridizing Chol (+)-OligoRNAs to 17 nucleotides. Finally, the Chol (+)-OligoRNA-stabilized PM revealed efficient mRNA introduction into the mouse lungs via intratracheal administration, demonstrating in vivo utility of this formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yoshinaga
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Naito
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kensuke Osada
- National Institute of Radiological Science, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan; Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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136
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Schlake T, Thess A, Thran M, Jordan I. mRNA as novel technology for passive immunotherapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:301-328. [PMID: 30334070 PMCID: PMC6339677 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While active immunization elicits a lasting immune response by the body, passive immunotherapy transiently equips the body with exogenously generated immunological effectors in the form of either target-specific antibodies or lymphocytes functionalized with target-specific receptors. In either case, administration or expression of recombinant proteins plays a fundamental role. mRNA prepared by in vitro transcription (IVT) is increasingly appreciated as a drug substance for delivery of recombinant proteins. With its biological role as transient carrier of genetic information translated into protein in the cytoplasm, therapeutic application of mRNA combines several advantages. For example, compared to transfected DNA, mRNA harbors inherent safety features. It is not associated with the risk of inducing genomic changes and potential adverse effects are only temporary due to its transient nature. Compared to the administration of recombinant proteins produced in bioreactors, mRNA allows supplying proteins that are difficult to manufacture and offers extended pharmacokinetics for short-lived proteins. Based on great progress in understanding and manipulating mRNA properties, efficacy data in various models have now demonstrated that IVT mRNA constitutes a potent and flexible platform technology. Starting with an introduction into passive immunotherapy, this review summarizes the current status of IVT mRNA technology and its application to such immunological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schlake
- CureVac AG, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Thess
- CureVac AG, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Thran
- CureVac AG, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Jordan
- CureVac AG, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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137
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Vormehr M, Reinhard K, Blatnik R, Josef K, Beck JD, Salomon N, Suchan M, Selmi A, Vascotto F, Zerweck J, Wenschuh H, Diken M, Kreiter S, Türeci Ö, Riemer AB, Sahin U. A non-functional neoepitope specific CD8 + T-cell response induced by tumor derived antigen exposure in vivo. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:1553478. [PMID: 30723585 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1553478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated mutations, mostly single nucleotide variations, can act as neoepitopes and prime targets for effective anti-cancer T-cell immunity. T cells recognizing cancer mutations are critical for the clinical activity of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and they are potent vaccine antigens. High frequencies of mutation-specific T cells are rarely spontaneously induced. Hence, therapies that broaden the tumor specific T-cell response are of interest. Here, we analyzed neoepitope-specific CD8+ T-cell responses mounted either spontaneously or after immunotherapy regimens, which induce local tumor inflammation and cell death, in mice bearing tumors of the widely used colon carcinoma cell line CT26. A comprehensive immune reactivity screening of 2474 peptides covering 628 transcribed CT26 point mutations was conducted. All tested treatment regimens were found to induce a single significant CD8+ T-cell response against a non-synonymous D733A point mutation in the Smc3 gene. Surprisingly, even though Smc3 D733A turned out to be the immune-dominant neoepitope in CT26 tumor bearing mice, neither T cells specific for this neoepitope nor their T cell receptors (TCRs) were able to recognize or lyse tumor cells. Moreover, vaccination with the D733A neoepitope did not result in anti-tumoral activity despite induction of specific T cells. This is to our knowledge the first report that neoepitope specific CD8+ T cells primed by tumor-released antigen exposure in vivo can be functionally irrelevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Vormehr
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany.,Experimental and Translational Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Reinhard
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany
| | - Renata Blatnik
- Immunotherapy & Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Josef
- Immunotherapy & Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan David Beck
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadja Salomon
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Suchan
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Abderraouf Selmi
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fulvia Vascotto
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Mustafa Diken
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany.,TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kreiter
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany.,TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Özlem Türeci
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany
| | - Angelika B Riemer
- Immunotherapy & Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany.,Experimental and Translational Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
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138
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Fiore A, Ugel S, De Sanctis F, Sandri S, Fracasso G, Trovato R, Sartoris S, Solito S, Mandruzzato S, Vascotto F, Hippen KL, Mondanelli G, Grohmann U, Piro G, Carbone C, Melisi D, Lawlor RT, Scarpa A, Lamolinara A, Iezzi M, Fassan M, Bicciato S, Blazar BR, Sahin U, Murray PJ, Bronte V. Induction of immunosuppressive functions and NF-κB by FLIP in monocytes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5193. [PMID: 30518925 PMCID: PMC6281604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression is a hallmark of tumor progression, and treatments that inhibit or deplete monocytic myeloid-derived suppressive cells could promote anti-tumor immunity. c-FLIP is a central regulator of caspase-8-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis. Here we show that low-dose cytotoxic chemotherapy agents cause apoptosis linked to c-FLIP down-regulation selectively in monocytes. Enforced expression of c-FLIP or viral FLIP rescues monocytes from cytotoxicity and concurrently induces potent immunosuppressive activity, in T cell cultures and in vivo models of tumor progression and immunotherapy. FLIP-transduced human blood monocytes can suppress graft versus host disease. Neither expression of FLIP in granulocytes nor expression of other anti-apoptotic genes in monocytes conferred immunosuppression, suggesting that FLIP effects on immunosuppression are specific to monocytic lineage and distinct from death inhibition. Mechanistically, FLIP controls a broad transcriptional program, partially by NF-κB activation. Therefore, modulation of FLIP in monocytes offers a means to elicit or block immunosuppressive myeloid cells. Signaling and transcriptional regulation of MDSC activity remains largely undefined. Here the authors show that monocytic MDSC immunosuppression is triggered by c-FLIP and requires NFκB, implicate this axis in cancer prognosis and response to therapy, and employ ectopic FLIP to treat immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fiore
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.
| | - Francesco De Sanctis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Sara Sandri
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Giulio Fracasso
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Trovato
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Silvia Sartoris
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Samantha Solito
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, Padova, 35124, Italy
| | - Susanna Mandruzzato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, Padova, 35124, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, 35124, Italy
| | - Fulvia Vascotto
- TRON-Translational Oncology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Keli L Hippen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Geny Piro
- Department of Medicine, Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Oncology and Molecular Therapy, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Department of Medicine, Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Department of Medicine, Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Rita T Lawlor
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.,Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Alessia Lamolinara
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, 35124, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41100, Italy
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Ugur Sahin
- TRON-Translational Oncology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55131, Germany.,University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55131, Germany.,Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, 82152, Germany.
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.
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139
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Beck J, Birtel M, Reidenbach D, Salomon N, Diken M. CIMT 2018: Pushing frontiers in cancer immunotherapy — Report on the 16 th Annual Meeting of the Association for Cancer Immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2864-2873. [PMID: 30111232 PMCID: PMC6343606 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1504526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The 16th Annual Meeting of the Association for Cancer Immunotherapy (CIMT), Europe’s largest meeting series of its kind, took place in Mainz, Germany from 15–17 May, 2018. Cutting-edge advancements in cancer immunotherapy were discussed among more than 700 scientists under the motto “Pushing Frontiers in Cancer Immunotherapy”. This meeting report is a summary of some of the CIMT 2018 highlights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Beck
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Birtel
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Reidenbach
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadja Salomon
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
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140
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Synthetic RNA-based logic computation in mammalian cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4847. [PMID: 30451868 PMCID: PMC6242901 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biological circuits are designed to regulate gene expressions to control cell function. To date, these circuits often use DNA-delivery methods, which may lead to random genomic integration. To lower this risk, an all RNA system, in which the circuit and delivery method are constituted of RNA components, is preferred. However, the construction of complexed circuits using RNA-delivered devices in living cells has remained a challenge. Here we show synthetic mRNA-delivered circuits with RNA-binding proteins for logic computation in mammalian cells. We create a set of logic circuits (AND, OR, NAND, NOR, and XOR gates) using microRNA (miRNA)- and protein-responsive mRNAs as decision-making controllers that are used to express transgenes in response to intracellular inputs. Importantly, we demonstrate that an apoptosis-regulatory AND gate that senses two miRNAs can selectively eliminate target cells. Thus, our synthetic RNA circuits with logic operation could provide a powerful tool for future therapeutic applications.
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141
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Van der Jeught K, De Koker S, Bialkowski L, Heirman C, Tjok Joe P, Perche F, Maenhout S, Bevers S, Broos K, Deswarte K, Malard V, Hammad H, Baril P, Benvegnu T, Jaffrès PA, Kooijmans SAA, Schiffelers R, Lienenklaus S, Midoux P, Pichon C, Breckpot K, Thielemans K. Dendritic Cell Targeting mRNA Lipopolyplexes Combine Strong Antitumor T-Cell Immunity with Improved Inflammatory Safety. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9815-9829. [PMID: 30256609 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In vitro transcribed mRNA constitutes a versatile platform to encode antigens and to evoke CD8 T-cell responses. Systemic delivery of mRNA packaged into cationic liposomes (lipoplexes) has proven particularly powerful in achieving effective antitumor immunity in animal models. Yet, T-cell responses to mRNA lipoplexes critically depend on the induction of type I interferons (IFN), potent pro-inflammatory cytokines, which inflict dose-limiting toxicities. Here, we explored an advanced hybrid lipid polymer shell mRNA nanoparticle (lipopolyplex) endowed with a trimannose sugar tree as an alternative delivery vehicle for systemic mRNA vaccination. Like mRNA lipoplexes, mRNA lipopolyplexes were extremely effective in conferring antitumor T-cell immunity upon systemic administration. Conversely to mRNA lipoplexes, mRNA lipopolyplexes did not rely on type I IFN for effective T-cell immunity. This differential mode of action of mRNA lipopolyplexes enabled the incorporation of N1 methyl pseudouridine nucleoside modified mRNA to reduce inflammatory responses without hampering T-cell immunity. This feature was attributed to mRNA lipopolyplexes, as the incorporation of thus modified mRNA into lipoplexes resulted in strongly weakened T-cell immunity. Taken together, we have identified lipopolyplexes containing N1 methyl pseudouridine nucleoside modified mRNA as potent yet low-inflammatory alternatives to the mRNA lipoplexes currently explored in early phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Van der Jeught
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | | | - Lukasz Bialkowski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Carlo Heirman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Patrick Tjok Joe
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Federico Perche
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, University and Inserm , Orléans 45071 , France
| | | | - Sanne Bevers
- eTheRNA Immunotherapies NV , Niel 2845 , Belgium
| | - Katrijn Broos
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- VIB Inflammation Research Center , UGent , Ghent 9052 , Belgium
| | - Virginie Malard
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, University and Inserm , Orléans 45071 , France
| | - Hamida Hammad
- VIB Inflammation Research Center , UGent , Ghent 9052 , Belgium
| | - Patrick Baril
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, University and Inserm , Orléans 45071 , France
| | - Thierry Benvegnu
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS UMR6226 , Rennes 35708 , France
| | - Paul-Alain Jaffrès
- CEMA, CNRS UMR 6521, SFR148 ScInBioS , Université de Brest , Brest 29238 , France
| | - Sander A A Kooijmans
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteit Utrecht , Utrecht 3584 , Netherlands
| | - Raymond Schiffelers
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteit Utrecht , Utrecht 3584 , Netherlands
| | | | - Patrick Midoux
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, University and Inserm , Orléans 45071 , France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, University and Inserm , Orléans 45071 , France
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussels 1090 , Belgium
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142
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Fabozzi G, Pegu A, Koup RA, Petrovas C. Bispecific antibodies: Potential immunotherapies for HIV treatment. Methods 2018; 154:118-124. [PMID: 30352254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bispecific (bs) antibodies (Abs, bsAbs) are engineered immunoglobulins that contain two different antigen-binding sites in one molecule. bsAbs can be divided in two molecular formats; the IgG-like and non-IgG like. The structural elements of each format have implications for engaging the immune system. Elimination of HIV will need sophisticated approaches with immunotherapies being one of the strategies under investigation. Furthermore, HIV genetic variability and functional compromise of the adaptive CTL response complicate the potential usefulness of some immunotherapeutic strategies. Inclusion of novel HIV neutralizing Abs with high potency and breadth as components of bsAbs could represent alternative strategies for virus elimination by harnessing the adaptive immune response in vivo.
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143
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Parhiz H, Shuvaev VV, Pardi N, Khoshnejad M, Kiseleva RY, Brenner JS, Uhler T, Tuyishime S, Mui BL, Tam YK, Madden TD, Hope MJ, Weissman D, Muzykantov VR. PECAM-1 directed re-targeting of exogenous mRNA providing two orders of magnitude enhancement of vascular delivery and expression in lungs independent of apolipoprotein E-mediated uptake. J Control Release 2018; 291:106-115. [PMID: 30336167 PMCID: PMC6477695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic administration of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated messenger RNA (mRNA) leads predominantly to hepatic uptake and expression. Here, we conjugated nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNPs with antibodies (Abs) specific to vascular cell adhesion molecule, PECAM-1. Systemic (intravenous) administration of Ab/LNP-mRNAs resulted in profound inhibition of hepatic uptake concomitantly with ~200-fold and 25-fold elevation of mRNA delivery and protein expression in the lungs compared to non-targeted counterparts. Unlike hepatic delivery of LNP-mRNA, Ab/LNP-mRNA is independent of apolipoprotein E. Vascular re-targeting of mRNA represents a promising, powerful, and unique approach for novel experimental and clinical interventions in organs of interest other than liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Parhiz
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Makan Khoshnejad
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raisa Yu Kiseleva
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Uhler
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven Tuyishime
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | | | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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144
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Cancer Vaccine Immunotherapy with RNA-Loaded Liposomes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102890. [PMID: 30249040 PMCID: PMC6213933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines may be harnessed to incite immunity against poorly immunogenic tumors, however they have failed in therapeutic settings. Poor antigenicity coupled with systemic and intratumoral immune suppression have been significant drawbacks. RNA encoding for tumor associated or specific epitopes can serve as a more immunogenic and expeditious trigger of anti-tumor immunity. RNA stimulates innate immunity through toll like receptor stimulation producing type I interferon, and it mediates potent adaptive responses. Since RNA is inherently unstable, delivery systems have been developed to protect and deliver it to intended targets in vivo. In this review, we discuss liposomes as RNA delivery vehicles and their role as cancer vaccines.
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145
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Pastor F, Berraondo P, Etxeberria I, Frederick J, Sahin U, Gilboa E, Melero I. An RNA toolbox for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:751-767. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2018.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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146
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Mølgaard K, Harwood SL, Compte M, Merino N, Bonet J, Alvarez-Cienfuegos A, Mikkelsen K, Nuñez-Prado N, Alvarez-Mendez A, Sanz L, Blanco FJ, Alvarez-Vallina L. Bispecific light T-cell engagers for gene-based immunotherapy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive malignancies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1251-1260. [PMID: 29869168 PMCID: PMC11028287 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The recruitment of T-cells by bispecific antibodies secreted from adoptively transferred, gene-modified autologous cells has shown satisfactory results in preclinical cancer models. Even so, the approach's translation into the clinic will require incremental improvements to its efficacy and reduction of its toxicity. Here, we characterized a tandem T-cell recruiting bispecific antibody intended to benefit gene-based immunotherapy approaches, which we call the light T-cell engager (LiTE), consisting of an EGFR-specific single-domain VHH antibody fused to a CD3-specific scFv. We generated two LiTEs with the anti-EGFR VHH and the anti-CD3 scFv arranged in both possible orders. Both constructs were well expressed in mammalian cells as highly homogenous monomers in solution with molecular weights of 43 and 41 kDa, respectively. In situ secreted LiTEs bound the cognate antigens of both parental antibodies and triggered the specific cytolysis of EGFR-expressing cancer cells without inducing T-cell activation and cytotoxicity spontaneously or against EGFR-negative cells. Light T-cell engagers are, therefore, suitable for future applications in gene-based immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Mølgaard
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Seandean L Harwood
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marta Compte
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Manuel de Falla 1, 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nekane Merino
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Jaume Bonet
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Alvarez-Cienfuegos
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Manuel de Falla 1, 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kasper Mikkelsen
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Natalia Nuñez-Prado
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ana Alvarez-Mendez
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Manuel de Falla 1, 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis Alvarez-Vallina
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark.
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147
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Rosigkeit S, Meng M, Grunwitz C, Gomes P, Kreft A, Hayduk N, Heck R, Pickert G, Ziegler K, Abassi Y, Röder J, Kaps L, Vascotto F, Beissert T, Witzel S, Kuhn A, Diken M, Schuppan D, Sahin U, Haas H, Bockamp E. Monitoring Translation Activity of mRNA-Loaded Nanoparticles in Mice. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3909-3919. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Meng
- BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Kuhn
- BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mustafa Diken
- BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- TRON gGmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ugur Sahin
- BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- TRON gGmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Haas
- BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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148
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Kowalski PS, Palmiero UC, Huang Y, Rudra A, Langer R, Anderson DG. Ionizable Amino-Polyesters Synthesized via Ring Opening Polymerization of Tertiary Amino-Alcohols for Tissue Selective mRNA Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801151. [PMID: 29975801 PMCID: PMC6320729 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The utility of messenger RNA (mRNA) as a therapy is gaining a broad interest due to its potential for addressing a wide range of diseases, while effective delivery of mRNA molecules to various tissues still poses a challenge. This study reports on the design and characterization of new ionizable amino-polyesters (APEs), synthesized via ring opening polymerization (ROP) of lactones with tertiary amino-alcohols that enable tissue and cell type selective delivery of mRNA. With a diverse library of APEs formulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNP), structure-activity parameters crucial for efficient transfection are established and APE-LNPs are identified that can preferentially home to and elicit effective mRNA expression with low in vivo toxicity in lung endothelium, liver hepatocytes, and splenic antigen presenting cells, including APE-LNP demonstrating nearly tenfold more potent systemic mRNA delivery to the lungs than vivo-jetPEI. Adopting tertiary amino-alcohols to initiate ROP of lactones allows to control polymer molecular weight and obtain amino-polyesters with narrow molecular weight distribution, exhibiting batch-to-batch consistency. All of which highlight the potential for clinical translation of APEs for systemic mRNA delivery and demonstrate the importance of employing controlled polymerization in the design of new polymeric nanomaterials to improve in vivo nucleic acid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr S. Kowalski
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7 - 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Yuxuan Huang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Arnab Rudra
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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149
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Ball RL, Hajj KA, Vizelman J, Bajaj P, Whitehead KA. Lipid Nanoparticle Formulations for Enhanced Co-delivery of siRNA and mRNA. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3814-3822. [PMID: 29694050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although mRNA and siRNA have significant therapeutic potential, their simultaneous delivery has not been previously explored. To facilitate the treatment of diseases associated with aberrant gene upregulation and downregulation, we sought to co-formulate siRNA and mRNA in a single lipidoid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation. We accommodated the distinct molecular characteristics of mRNA and siRNA in a formulation consisting of an ionizable and biodegradable amine-containing lipidoid, cholesterol, DSPC, DOPE, and PEG-lipid. Surprisingly, the co-formulation of siRNA and mRNA in the same LNP enhanced the efficacy of both drugs in vitro and in vivo. Compared to LNPs encapsulating siRNA only, co-formulated LNPs improved Factor VII gene silencing in mice from 44 to 87% at an siRNA dose of 0.03 mg/kg. Co-formulation also improved mRNA delivery, as a 0.5 mg/kg dose of mRNA co-formulated with siRNA induced three times the luciferase protein expression compared to when siRNA was not included. As not all gene therapy applications require both RNA drugs, we sought to extend the benefit of co-formulated LNPs to formulations encapsulating only a single type of RNA. We accomplished this by substituting the "helper" RNA with a negatively charged polymer, polystyrenesulfonate (PSS). LNPs containing PSS mediated the same level of protein silencing or expression as standard LNPs using 2-3-fold less RNA. For example, LNPs formulated with and without PSS induced 50% Factor VII silencing at siRNA doses of 0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg, respectively. Together, these studies demonstrate potent co-delivery of siRNA and mRNA and show that inclusion of a negatively charged "helper polymer" enhances the efficacy of LNP delivery systems.
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150
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Lescan M, Perl RM, Golombek S, Pilz M, Hann L, Yasmin M, Behring A, Keller T, Nolte A, Gruhn F, Kochba E, Levin Y, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Avci-Adali M. De Novo Synthesis of Elastin by Exogenous Delivery of Synthetic Modified mRNA into Skin and Elastin-Deficient Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 11:475-484. [PMID: 29858082 PMCID: PMC5992474 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elastin is one of the most important and abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that provide elasticity and resilience to tissues and organs, including vascular walls, ligaments, skin, and lung. Besides hereditary diseases, such as Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), which results in reduced elastin synthesis, injuries, aging, or acquired diseases can lead to the degradation of existing elastin fibers. Thus, the de novo synthesis of elastin is required in several medical conditions to restore the elasticity of affected tissues. Here, we applied synthetic modified mRNA encoding tropoelastin (TE) for the de novo synthesis of elastin and determined the mRNA-mediated elastin synthesis in cells, as well as ex vivo in porcine skin. EA.hy926 cells, human fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from a patient with WBS were transfected with 2.5 μg TE mRNA. After 24 hr, the production of elastin was analyzed by Fastin assay and dot blot analyses. Compared with untreated cells, significantly enhanced elastin amounts were detected in TE mRNA transfected cells. The delivered synthetic TE mRNA was even able to significantly increase the elastin production in elastin-deficient MSCs. In porcine skin, approximately 20% higher elastin amount was detected after the intradermal delivery of synthetic mRNA by microinjection. In this study, we demonstrated the successful applicability of synthetic TE encoding mRNA to produce elastin in elastin-deficient cells as well as in skin. Thus, this auspicious mRNA-based integration-free method has a huge potential in the field of regenerative medicine to induce de novo elastin synthesis, e.g., in skin, blood vessels, or alveoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lescan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Regine Mariette Perl
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sonia Golombek
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Pilz
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludmilla Hann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mahua Yasmin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Behring
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timea Keller
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Nolte
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Gruhn
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Efrat Kochba
- NanoPass Technologies, Ltd., 3 Golda Meir, 7403648 Nes Ziona, Israel
| | - Yotam Levin
- NanoPass Technologies, Ltd., 3 Golda Meir, 7403648 Nes Ziona, Israel
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Wendel
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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