101
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Klapproth E, Witt A, Klose P, Wiedemann J, Vavilthota N, Künzel SR, Kämmerer S, Günscht M, Sprott D, Lesche M, Rost F, Dahl A, Rauch E, Kattner L, Weber S, Mirtschink P, Kopaliani I, Guan K, Lorenz K, Saftig P, Wagner M, El-Armouche A. Targeting cardiomyocyte ADAM10 ectodomain shedding promotes survival early after myocardial infarction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7648. [PMID: 36496449 PMCID: PMC9741599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After myocardial infarction the innate immune response is pivotal in clearing of tissue debris as well as scar formation, but exaggerated cytokine and chemokine secretion with subsequent leukocyte infiltration also leads to further tissue damage. Here, we address the value of targeting a previously unknown a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10)/CX3CL1 axis in the regulation of neutrophil recruitment early after MI. We show that myocardial ADAM10 is distinctly upregulated in myocardial biopsies from patients with ischemia-driven cardiomyopathy. Intriguingly, upon MI in mice, pharmacological ADAM10 inhibition as well as genetic cardiomycyte-specific ADAM10 deletion improves survival with markedly enhanced heart function and reduced scar size. Mechanistically, abolished ADAM10-mediated CX3CL1 ectodomain shedding leads to diminished IL-1β-dependent inflammation, reduced neutrophil bone marrow egress as well as myocardial tissue infiltration. Thus, our data shows a conceptual insight into how acute MI induces chemotactic signaling via ectodomain shedding in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Klapproth
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anke Witt
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pauline Klose
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna Wiedemann
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nikitha Vavilthota
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan R. Künzel
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Kämmerer
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mario Günscht
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Sprott
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Rost
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Silvio Weber
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Mirtschink
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Irakli Kopaliani
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kaomei Guan
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,grid.419243.90000 0004 0492 9407Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Rhythmology, Clinic of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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102
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Wang J, Cui T, Zhu W, Wang P. Covariate-modulated large-scale multiple testing under dependence. Comput Stat Data Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2022.107664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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103
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Fithian W, Lei L. Conditional calibration for false discovery rate control under dependence. Ann Stat 2022. [DOI: 10.1214/21-aos2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Fithian
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Lihua Lei
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University
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104
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Cottone L, Ligammari L, Lee HM, Knowles HJ, Henderson S, Bianco S, Davies C, Strauss S, Amary F, Leite AP, Tirabosco R, Haendler K, Schultze JL, Herrero J, O’Donnell P, Grigoriadis AE, Salomoni P, Flanagan AM. Aberrant paracrine signalling for bone remodelling underlies the mutant histone-driven giant cell tumour of bone. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2459-2471. [PMID: 36138226 PMCID: PMC9750984 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncohistones represent compelling evidence for a causative role of epigenetic perturbations in cancer. Giant cell tumours of bone (GCTs) are characterised by a mutated histone H3.3 as the sole genetic driver present in bone-forming osteoprogenitor cells but absent from abnormally large bone-resorbing osteoclasts which represent the hallmark of these neoplasms. While these striking features imply a pathogenic interaction between mesenchymal and myelomonocytic lineages during GCT development, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We show that the changes in the transcriptome and epigenome in the mesenchymal cells caused by the H3.3-G34W mutation contribute to increase osteoclast recruitment in part via reduced expression of the TGFβ-like soluble factor, SCUBE3. Transcriptional changes in SCUBE3 are associated with altered histone marks and H3.3G34W enrichment at its enhancer regions. In turn, osteoclasts secrete unregulated amounts of SEMA4D which enhances proliferation of mutated osteoprogenitors arresting their maturation. These findings provide a mechanism by which GCTs undergo differentiation in response to denosumab, a drug that depletes the tumour of osteoclasts. In contrast, hTERT alterations, commonly found in malignant GCT, result in the histone-mutated neoplastic cells being independent of osteoclasts for their proliferation, predicting unresponsiveness to denosumab. We provide a mechanism for the initiation of GCT, the basis of which is dysfunctional cross-talk between bone-forming and bone-resorbing cells. The findings highlight the role of tumour/microenvironment bidirectional interactions in tumorigenesis and how this is exploited in the treatment of GCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cottone
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Lorena Ligammari
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Hang-Mao Lee
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Helen J. Knowles
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Botnar Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD UK
| | - Stephen Henderson
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (BLIC), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Sara Bianco
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Christopher Davies
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK ,grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex, Stanmore, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Sandra Strauss
- grid.439749.40000 0004 0612 2754London Sarcoma Service, University College London Hospitals Foundation Trust, London, WC1E 6DD UK
| | - Fernanda Amary
- grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex, Stanmore, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Ana Paula Leite
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex, Stanmore, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Kristian Haendler
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE) at the DZNE and the University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joachim L. Schultze
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE) at the DZNE and the University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Javier Herrero
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (BLIC), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Paul O’Donnell
- grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Radiology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex, Stanmore, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Agamemnon E. Grigoriadis
- grid.239826.40000 0004 0391 895XCentre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Paolo Salomoni
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Adrienne M. Flanagan
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK ,grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex, Stanmore, HA7 4LP UK
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105
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Mungale A, McGaughey DM, Zhang C, Yousaf S, Liu J, Brooks BP, Maminishkis A, Fufa TD, Hufnagel RB. Transcriptional mapping of the macaque retina and RPE-choroid reveals conserved inter-tissue transcription drivers and signaling pathways. Front Genet 2022; 13:949449. [PMID: 36506320 PMCID: PMC9732541 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.949449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The macula and fovea comprise a highly sensitive visual detection tissue that is susceptible to common disease processes like age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Our understanding of the molecular determinants of high acuity vision remains unclear, as few model organisms possess a human-like fovea. We explore transcription factor networks and receptor-ligand interactions to elucidate tissue interactions in the macula and peripheral retina and concomitant changes in the underlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid. Poly-A selected, 100 bp paired-end RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed across the macular/foveal, perimacular, and temporal peripheral regions of the neural retina and RPE/choroid tissues of four adult Rhesus macaque eyes to characterize region- and tissue-specific gene expression. RNA-seq reads were mapped to both the macaque and human genomes for maximum alignment and analyzed for differential expression and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment. Comparison of the neural retina and RPE/choroid tissues indicated distinct, contiguously changing gene expression profiles from fovea through perimacula to periphery. Top GO enrichment of differentially expressed genes in the RPE/choroid included cell junction organization and epithelial cell development. Expression of transcriptional regulators and various disease-associated genes show distinct location-specific preference and retina-RPE/choroid tissue-tissue interactions. Regional gene expression changes in the macaque retina and RPE/choroid is greater than that found in previously published transcriptome analysis of the human retina and RPE/choroid. Further, conservation of human macula-specific transcription factor profiles and gene expression in macaque tissues suggest a conservation of programs required for retina and RPE/choroid function and disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameera Mungale
- Medical Genetics and Ophthalmic Genomics Unit, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David M. McGaughey
- Bioinformatics Group, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Congxiao Zhang
- Section on Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sairah Yousaf
- Medical Genetics and Ophthalmic Genomics Unit, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James Liu
- Medical Genetics and Ophthalmic Genomics Unit, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Brian P. Brooks
- Pediatric, Developmental and Genetic Ophthalmology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Arvydas Maminishkis
- Section on Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Temesgen D. Fufa
- Medical Genetics and Ophthalmic Genomics Unit, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert B. Hufnagel
- Medical Genetics and Ophthalmic Genomics Unit, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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106
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Wilson MR, Skalski H, Reske JJ, Wegener M, Adams M, Hostetter G, Hoffmann HM, Bernard JJ, Bae-Jump VL, Teixeira JM, Chandler RL. Obesity alters the mouse endometrial transcriptome in a cell context-dependent manner. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:163. [PMID: 36424602 PMCID: PMC9686036 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-01030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity impacts fertility and is positively correlated with endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer occurrence. Endometrial epithelia often harbor disease driver-mutations, while endometrial stroma are highly regulative of neighboring epithelia. Here, we sought to determine distinct transcriptome changes occurring in individual cell types in the obese mouse uterus. Outbred CD-1 mice were fed high-fat or control diets for 18 weeks, estrous cycle staged, and endometrial epithelia, macrophages, and stroma isolated for transcriptomic analysis. High-fat diet mice displayed increased body mass and developed glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and fatty liver. Obese mouse epithelia displayed differential gene expression for genes related to innate immunity and leukocyte chemotaxis. The obese mouse stroma differentially expressed factors related to circadian rhythm, and expression of these genes correlated with glucose tolerance or body mass. We observed correlations between F4/80 + macrophage numbers, Cleaved Caspase 3 (CC3) apoptosis marker staining and glucose intolerance among obese mice, including a subgroup of obese mice with high CC3 + luminal epithelia. This subgroup displayed differential gene expression among all cell types, with pathways related to immune escape in epithelia and macrophages, while the stroma dysregulated pathways related to regulation of epithelia. These results suggest an important role for differential response of both the epithelia and stroma in their response to obesity, while macrophages are dysregulated in the context of apoptotic epithelia. The obesity-related gene expression programs in cells within the uterine microenvironment may influence the ability of the endometrium to function during pregnancy and influence disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike R Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Hilary Skalski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Jake J Reske
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Marc Wegener
- Genomics Core Facility, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Marie Adams
- Genomics Core Facility, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Galen Hostetter
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Hanne M Hoffmann
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jamie J Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Victoria L Bae-Jump
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jose M Teixeira
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ronald L Chandler
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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107
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Li X, Song J, Shi X, Huang M, Liu L, Yi G, Yang N, Xu G, Zheng J. FMO3 deficiency of duck leads to decreased lipid deposition and increased antibacterial activity. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:119. [DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Most duck eggs possess a fishy odor, indicating that ducks generally exhibit impaired trimethylamine (TMA) metabolism. TMA accumulation is responsible for this unpleasant odor, and TMA metabolism plays an essential role in trimethylaminuria (TMAU), also known as fish odor syndrome. In this study, we focused on the unusual TMA metabolism mechanism in ducks, and further explored the unclear reasons leading to the debilitating TMA metabolism.
Methods
To achieve this, transcriptome, proteome, and metagenome analyses were first integrated based on the constructed duck populations with high and low TMA metabolism abilities. Additionally, further experiments were conducted to validate the hypothesis regarding the limited flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) metabolism ability of ducks.
Results
The study demonstrated that liver FMO3 and cecal microbes, including Akkermansia and Mucispirillum, participated in TMA metabolism in ducks. The limited oxidation ability of FMO3 explains the weakening of TMA metabolism in ducks. Nevertheless, it decreases lipid deposition and increases antibacterial activity, contributing to its survival and reproduction during the evolutionary adaptation process.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated the function of FMO3 and intestinal microbes in regulating TMA metabolism and illustrated the biological significance of FMO3 impairment in ducks.
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108
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Transfer Learning in Genome-Wide Association Studies with Knockoffs. SANKHYA B 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13571-022-00297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper presents and compares alternative transfer learning methods that can increase the power of conditional testing via knockoffs by leveraging prior information in external data sets collected from different populations or measuring related outcomes. The relevance of this methodology is explored in particular within the context of genome-wide association studies, where it can be helpful to address the pressing need for principled ways to suitably account for, and efficiently learn from the genetic variation associated to diverse ancestries. Finally, we apply these methods to analyze several phenotypes in the UK Biobank data set, demonstrating that transfer learning helps knockoffs discover more associations in the data collected from minority populations, potentially opening the way to the development of more accurate polygenic risk scores.
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109
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Sun N, Tang H, Ye J, Liu Y, He Q, Fu Y, Zhu H, Jiang C, Xu J. NETosis is critical in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1051140. [PMID: 36466920 PMCID: PMC9709478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is the fourth leading cause of death globally, and the reason for the high mortality rate of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) remains elusive. Corticosteroid treatment reduces mortality in adults with SCAP but can cause numerous adverse events. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets need to be explored and new adjunctive immune drugs are urgently required. We analyzed the transcriptome data of peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with SCAP and healthy controls from three perspectives: differentially expressed genes, predicted functions of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs, and transcriptional read-through. We discovered that the NETosis pathway was top-ranked in patients with SCAP caused by diverse kinds of pathogens. This provides a potential therapeutic strategy for treating patients. Furthermore, we calculated the correlation between the expression of genes involved in NETosis and the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen. We identified four novel potential therapeutic targets for NETosis in patients with SCAP, including H4C15, H3-5, DNASE1, and PRKCB. In addition, a higher occurrence of transcriptional read-through is associated with a worse outcome in patients with SCAP, which probably can explain the high mortality rate of patients with SCAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqi Tang
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Quan He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Fu
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huadong Zhu
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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110
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Chakraborty A, Wang JG, Ay F. dcHiC detects differential compartments across multiple Hi-C datasets. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6827. [PMID: 36369226 PMCID: PMC9652325 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The compartmental organization of mammalian genomes and its changes play important roles in distinct biological processes. Here, we introduce dcHiC, which utilizes a multivariate distance measure to identify significant changes in compartmentalization among multiple contact maps. Evaluating dcHiC on four collections of bulk and single-cell contact maps from in vitro mouse neural differentiation (n = 3), mouse hematopoiesis (n = 10), human LCLs (n = 20) and post-natal mouse brain development (n = 3 stages), we show its effectiveness and sensitivity in detecting biologically relevant changes, including those orthogonally validated. dcHiC reported regions with dynamically regulated genes associated with cell identity, along with correlated changes in chromatin states, subcompartments, replication timing and lamin association. With its efficient implementation, dcHiC enables high-resolution compartment analysis as well as standalone browser visualization, differential interaction identification and time-series clustering. dcHiC is an essential addition to the Hi-C analysis toolbox for the ever-growing number of bulk and single-cell contact maps. Available at: https://github.com/ay-lab/dcHiC .
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Chakraborty
- Centers for Autoimmunity, Inflammation and Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Jeffrey G Wang
- Centers for Autoimmunity, Inflammation and Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- The Bishop's School, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ferhat Ay
- Centers for Autoimmunity, Inflammation and Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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111
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Wirges A, Bunse M, Joedicke JJ, Blanc E, Gudipati V, Moles MW, Shiku H, Beule D, Huppa JB, Höpken UE, Rehm A. EBAG9 silencing exerts an immune checkpoint function without aggravating adverse effects. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3358-3378. [PMID: 35821635 PMCID: PMC9637585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have revolutionized treatment of B cell malignancies. However, enhancing the efficacy of engineered T cells without compromising their safety is warranted. The estrogen receptor-binding fragment-associated antigen 9 (EBAG9) inhibits release of cytolytic enzymes from cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Here, we examined the potency of EBAG9 silencing for the improvement of adoptive T cell therapy. MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated EBAG9 downregulation in transplanted cytolytic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) from immunized mice improved their cytolytic competence in a tumor model. In tolerant female recipient mice that received organ transplants, a minor histocompatibility antigen was turned into a rejection antigen by Ebag9 deletion, indicating an immune checkpoint function for EBAG9. Considerably fewer EBAG9-silenced human CAR T cells were needed for tumor growth control in a xenotransplantation model. Transcriptome profiling did not reveal additional risks regarding genotoxicity or aberrant differentiation. A single-step retrovirus transduction process links CAR or TCR expression with miRNA-mediated EBAG9 downregulation. Despite higher cytolytic efficacy, release of cytokines associated with cytokine release syndrome remains unaffected. Collectively, EBAG9 silencing enhances effector capacity of TCR- and CAR-engineered T cells, results in improved tumor eradication, facilitates efficient manufacturing, and decreases the therapeutic dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthea Wirges
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Bunse
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jara J Joedicke
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Blanc
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Venugopal Gudipati
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael W Moles
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu city, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes B Huppa
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uta E Höpken
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Rehm
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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112
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Nishiga Y, Drainas AP, Baron M, Bhattacharya D, Barkal AA, Ahrari Y, Mancusi R, Ross JB, Takahashi N, Thomas A, Diehn M, Weissman IL, Graves EE, Sage J. Radiotherapy in combination with CD47 blockade elicits a macrophage-mediated abscopal effect. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:1351-1366. [PMID: 36411318 PMCID: PMC9701141 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a mainstay of cancer treatment but does not always lead to complete tumor regression. Here we combine radiotherapy with blockade of the 'don't-eat-me' cell-surface molecule CD47 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a highly metastatic form of lung cancer. CD47 blockade potently enhances the local antitumor effects of radiotherapy in preclinical models of SCLC. Notably, CD47 blockade also stimulates off-target 'abscopal' effects inhibiting non-irradiated SCLC tumors in mice receiving radiation. These abscopal effects are independent of T cells but require macrophages that migrate into non-irradiated tumor sites in response to inflammatory signals produced by radiation and are locally activated by CD47 blockade to phagocytose cancer cells. Similar abscopal antitumor effects were observed in other cancer models treated with radiation and CD47 blockade. The systemic activation of antitumor macrophages following radiotherapy and CD47 blockade may be particularly important in patients with cancer who suffer from metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nishiga
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexandros P Drainas
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maya Baron
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Debadrita Bhattacharya
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amira A Barkal
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yasaman Ahrari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Mancusi
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason B Ross
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Anish Thomas
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward E Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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113
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Kalantar KL, Neyton L, Abdelghany M, Mick E, Jauregui A, Caldera S, Serpa PH, Ghale R, Albright J, Sarma A, Tsitsiklis A, Leligdowicz A, Christenson SA, Liu K, Kangelaris KN, Hendrickson C, Sinha P, Gomez A, Neff N, Pisco A, Doernberg SB, Derisi JL, Matthay MA, Calfee CS, Langelier CR. Integrated host-microbe plasma metagenomics for sepsis diagnosis in a prospective cohort of critically ill adults. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1805-1816. [PMID: 36266337 PMCID: PMC9613463 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We carried out integrated host and pathogen metagenomic RNA and DNA next generation sequencing (mNGS) of whole blood (n = 221) and plasma (n = 138) from critically ill patients following hospital admission. We assigned patients into sepsis groups on the basis of clinical and microbiological criteria. From whole-blood gene expression data, we distinguished patients with sepsis from patients with non-infectious systemic inflammatory conditions using a trained bagged support vector machine (bSVM) classifier (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.81 in the training set; AUC = 0.82 in a held-out validation set). Plasma RNA also yielded a transcriptional signature of sepsis with several genes previously reported as sepsis biomarkers, and a bSVM sepsis diagnostic classifier (AUC = 0.97 training set; AUC = 0.77 validation set). Pathogen detection performance of plasma mNGS varied on the basis of pathogen and site of infection. To improve detection of virus, we developed a secondary transcriptomic classifier (AUC = 0.94 training set; AUC = 0.96 validation set). We combined host and microbial features to develop an integrated sepsis diagnostic model that identified 99% of microbiologically confirmed sepsis cases, and predicted sepsis in 74% of suspected and 89% of indeterminate sepsis cases. In summary, we suggest that integrating host transcriptional profiling and broad-range metagenomic pathogen detection from nucleic acid is a promising tool for sepsis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucile Neyton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mazin Abdelghany
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eran Mick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alejandra Jauregui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Saharai Caldera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paula Hayakawa Serpa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rajani Ghale
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jack Albright
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aartik Sarma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Tsitsiklis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephanie A Christenson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kirsten N Kangelaris
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn Hendrickson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pratik Sinha
- Washington University, St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Antonio Gomez
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Norma Neff
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Sarah B Doernberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph L Derisi
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles R Langelier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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114
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Leung D, Sun W. ZAP: Z$$ Z $$‐value adaptive procedures for false discovery rate control with side information. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rssb.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Leung
- School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Wenguang Sun
- Center for Data Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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115
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Fong BC, Chakroun I, Iqbal MA, Paul S, Bastasic J, O’Neil D, Yakubovich E, Bejjani AT, Ahmadi N, Carter A, Clark A, Leone G, Park DS, Ghanem N, Vandenbosch R, Slack RS. The Rb/E2F axis is a key regulator of the molecular signatures instructing the quiescent and activated adult neural stem cell state. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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116
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Guman MSS, Hoozemans JB, Haal S, de Jonge PA, Aydin Ö, Lappa D, Meijnikman AS, Westerink F, Acherman Y, Bäckhed F, de Brauw M, Nielsen J, Nieuwdorp M, Groen AK, Gerdes VEA. Adipose Tissue, Bile Acids, and Gut Microbiome Species Associated With Gallstones After Bariatric Surgery. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100280. [PMID: 36115596 PMCID: PMC9672443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several risk factors are associated with gallstone disease after bariatric surgery, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of gallstone formation are unclear. We hypothesize that gallstone formation after bariatric surgery is induced by different pathways compared with gallstone formation in the general population, since postoperative formation occurs rapidly in patients who did not develop gallstones in preceding years. To identify both pathophysiological and potentially protective mechanisms against postoperative gallstone formation, we compared the preoperative fasting metabolome, fecal microbiome, and liver and adipose tissue transcriptome obtained before or during bariatric surgery of obese patients with and without postoperative gallstones. In total, 88 patients were selected from the BARIA longitudinal cohort study. Within this group, 32 patients had postoperative gallstones within 2 years. Gut microbiota metagenomic analyses showed group differences in abundance of 41 bacterial species, particularly abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae in patients without gallstones. Subcutaneous adipose tissue transcriptomic analyses revealed four genes that were suppressed in gallstone patients compared with patients without gallstones. These baseline gene expression and gut microbiota composition differences might relate to protective mechanisms against gallstone formation after bariatric surgery. Moreover, baseline fasting blood samples of patients with postoperative gallstones showed increased levels of several bile acids. Overall, we revealed different genes and bacteria associated with gallstones than those previously reported in the general population, supporting the hypothesis that gallstone formation after bariatric surgery follows a different trajectory. Further research is necessary to confirm the involvement of the bile acids, adipose tissue activity, and microbial species observed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S S Guman
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands.
| | - J B Hoozemans
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - S Haal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P A de Jonge
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ö Aydin
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Lappa
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A S Meijnikman
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F Westerink
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Y Acherman
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - F Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Västtra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M de Brauw
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - J Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A K Groen
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - V E A Gerdes
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
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117
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Romanov SE, Shloma VV, Koryakov DE, Belyakin SN, Laktionov PP. Insulator Protein CP190 Regulates Expression оf Spermatocyte Differentiation Genes in Drosophila melanogaster Male Germline. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893323010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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118
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Biswas A, Chattopadhyay G. New results for adaptive false discovery rate control with p-value weighting. Stat Pap (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00362-022-01369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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119
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Fang ZT, Kapoor R, Datta A, Liu S, Stull MA, Seitz PG, Johnson CD, Okumoto S. Transcriptome Analysis of Developing Grains from Wheat Cultivars TAM 111 and TAM 112 Reveal Cultivar-Specific Regulatory Networks. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012660. [PMID: 36293517 PMCID: PMC9604430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat flour's end-use quality is tightly linked to the quantity and composition of storage proteins in the endosperm. TAM 111 and TAM 112 are two popular cultivars grown in the Southern US Great Plains with significantly different protein content. To investigate regulatory differences, transcriptome data were analyzed from developing grains at early- and mid-filling stages. At the mid-filling stage, TAM 111 preferentially upregulated starch metabolism-related pathways compared to TAM 112, whereas amino acid metabolism and transporter-related pathways were over-represented in TAM 112. Elemental analyses also indicated a higher N percentage in TAM 112 at the mid-filling stage. To explore the regulatory variation, weighted correlation gene network was constructed from publicly available RNAseq datasets to identify the modules differentially regulated in TAM 111 and TAM 112. Further, the potential transcription factors (TFs) regulating those modules were identified using graphical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (GLASSO). Homologs of the OsNF-Y family members with known starch metabolism-related functions showed higher connectivities in TAM 111. Multiple TFs with high connectivity in TAM 112 had predicted functions associated with ABA response in grain. These results will provide novel targets for breeders to explore and further our understanding in mechanisms regulating grain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Tian Fang
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Rajan Kapoor
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Aniruddha Datta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, 6500 Amarillo Blvd W, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Matthew A. Stull
- Texas A&M AgriLife Genomics and Bioinformatics Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Paige G. Seitz
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Charles D. Johnson
- Texas A&M AgriLife Genomics and Bioinformatics Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Sakiko Okumoto
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence:
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120
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Bessler L, Kaur N, Vogt LM, Flemmich L, Siebenaller C, Winz ML, Tuorto F, Micura R, Ehrenhofer-Murray A, Helm M. Functional integration of a semi-synthetic azido-queuosine derivative into translation and a tRNA modification circuit. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:10785-10800. [PMID: 36169220 PMCID: PMC9561289 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Substitution of the queuine nucleobase precursor preQ1 by an azide-containing derivative (azido-propyl-preQ1) led to incorporation of this clickable chemical entity into tRNA via transglycosylation in vitro as well as in vivo in Escherichia coli, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and human cells. The resulting semi-synthetic RNA modification, here termed Q-L1, was present in tRNAs on actively translating ribosomes, indicating functional integration into aminoacylation and recruitment to the ribosome. The azide moiety of Q-L1 facilitates analytics via click conjugation of a fluorescent dye, or of biotin for affinity purification. Combining the latter with RNAseq showed that TGT maintained its native tRNA substrate specificity in S. pombe cells. The semi-synthetic tRNA modification Q-L1 was also functional in tRNA maturation, in effectively replacing the natural queuosine in its stimulation of further modification of tRNAAsp with 5-methylcytosine at position 38 by the tRNA methyltransferase Dnmt2 in S. pombe. This is the first demonstrated in vivo integration of a synthetic moiety into an RNA modification circuit, where one RNA modification stimulates another. In summary, the scarcity of queuosinylation sites in cellular RNA, makes our synthetic q/Q system a 'minimally invasive' system for placement of a non-natural, clickable nucleobase within the total cellular RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Bessler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea-Marie Vogt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Laurin Flemmich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carmen Siebenaller
- Department of Chemistry – Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Winz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesca Tuorto
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ronald Micura
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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121
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Yang J, Vamvini M, Nigro P, Ho LL, Galani K, Alvarez M, Tanigawa Y, Renfro A, Carbone NP, Laakso M, Agudelo LZ, Pajukanta P, Hirshman MF, Middelbeek RJW, Grove K, Goodyear LJ, Kellis M. Single-cell dissection of the obesity-exercise axis in adipose-muscle tissues implies a critical role for mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1578-1593.e6. [PMID: 36198295 PMCID: PMC9558082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training is critical for the prevention and treatment of obesity, but its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood given the challenge of profiling heterogeneous effects across multiple tissues and cell types. Here, we address this challenge and opposing effects of exercise and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity at single-cell resolution in subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in mice with diet and exercise training interventions. We identify a prominent role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in obesity and exercise-induced tissue adaptation. Among the pathways regulated by exercise and HFD in MSCs across the three tissues, extracellular matrix remodeling and circadian rhythm are the most prominent. Inferred cell-cell interactions implicate within- and multi-tissue crosstalk centered around MSCs. Overall, our work reveals the intricacies and diversity of multi-tissue molecular responses to exercise and obesity and uncovers a previously underappreciated role of MSCs in tissue-specific and multi-tissue beneficial effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiekun Yang
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria Vamvini
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pasquale Nigro
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li-Lun Ho
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kyriakitsa Galani
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marcus Alvarez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yosuke Tanigawa
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ashley Renfro
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas P Carbone
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leandro Z Agudelo
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roeland J W Middelbeek
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Grove
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Gawish R, Maier B, Obermayer G, Watzenboeck ML, Gorki AD, Quattrone F, Farhat A, Lakovits K, Hladik A, Korosec A, Alimohammadi A, Mesteri I, Oberndorfer F, Oakley F, Brain J, Boon L, Lang I, Binder CJ, Knapp S. A neutrophil-B-cell axis impacts tissue damage control in a mouse model of intraabdominal bacterial infection via Cxcr4. eLife 2022; 11:e78291. [PMID: 36178806 PMCID: PMC9525059 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by uncontrolled systemic inflammation and coagulation, leading to multiorgan failure. Therapeutic options to prevent sepsis-associated immunopathology remain scarce. Here, we established a mouse model of long-lasting disease tolerance during severe sepsis, manifested by diminished immunothrombosis and organ damage in spite of a high pathogen burden. We found that both neutrophils and B cells emerged as key regulators of tissue integrity. Enduring changes in the transcriptional profile of neutrophils include upregulated Cxcr4 expression in protected, tolerant hosts. Neutrophil Cxcr4 upregulation required the presence of B cells, suggesting that B cells promoted disease tolerance by improving tissue damage control via the suppression of neutrophils' tissue-damaging properties. Finally, therapeutic administration of a Cxcr4 agonist successfully promoted tissue damage control and prevented liver damage during sepsis. Our findings highlight the importance of a critical B-cell/neutrophil interaction during sepsis and establish neutrophil Cxcr4 activation as a potential means to promote disease tolerance during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riem Gawish
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Maier
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Georg Obermayer
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Martin L Watzenboeck
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Anna-Dorothea Gorki
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Federica Quattrone
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Asma Farhat
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Karin Lakovits
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ana Korosec
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Arman Alimohammadi
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Department of Pathology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - John Brain
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Irene Lang
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
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123
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Gimeno M, San José-Enériz E, Villar S, Agirre X, Prosper F, Rubio A, Carazo F. Explainable artificial intelligence for precision medicine in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977358. [PMID: 36248800 PMCID: PMC9556772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) can unveil novel personalized treatments based on drug screening and whole-exome sequencing experiments (WES). However, the concept of “black box” in AI limits the potential of this approach to be translated into the clinical practice. In contrast, explainable AI (XAI) focuses on making AI results understandable to humans. Here, we present a novel XAI method -called multi-dimensional module optimization (MOM)- that associates drug screening with genetic events, while guaranteeing that predictions are interpretable and robust. We applied MOM to an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cohort of 319 ex-vivo tumor samples with 122 screened drugs and WES. MOM returned a therapeutic strategy based on the FLT3, CBFβ-MYH11, and NRAS status, which predicted AML patient response to Quizartinib, Trametinib, Selumetinib, and Crizotinib. We successfully validated the results in three different large-scale screening experiments. We believe that XAI will help healthcare providers and drug regulators better understand AI medical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Gimeno
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica y Ciencias, TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Edurne San José-Enériz
- Programa Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Villar
- Departamento de Hematología and CCUN (Cancer Center University of Navarra), Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Programa Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Programa Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Hematología and CCUN (Cancer Center University of Navarra), Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angel Rubio
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica y Ciencias, TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, San Sebastián, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de los Datos e Inteligencia Artificial (DATAI), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Angel Rubio, ; Fernando Carazo,
| | - Fernando Carazo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica y Ciencias, TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, San Sebastián, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de los Datos e Inteligencia Artificial (DATAI), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Angel Rubio, ; Fernando Carazo,
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Reske JJ, Wilson MR, Armistead B, Harkins S, Perez C, Hrit J, Adams M, Rothbart SB, Missmer SA, Fazleabas AT, Chandler RL. ARID1A-dependent maintenance of H3.3 is required for repressive CHD4-ZMYND8 chromatin interactions at super-enhancers. BMC Biol 2022; 20:209. [PMID: 36153585 PMCID: PMC9509632 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complexes regulate lineage-specific enhancer activity by promoting accessibility for diverse DNA-binding factors and chromatin regulators. Additionally, they are known to modulate the function of the epigenome through regulation of histone post-translational modifications and nucleosome composition, although the way SWI/SNF complexes govern the epigenome remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the function of ARID1A, a subunit of certain mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes associated with malignancies and benign diseases originating from the uterine endometrium. RESULTS Through genome-wide analysis of human endometriotic epithelial cells, we show that more than half of ARID1A binding sites are marked by the variant histone H3.3, including active regulatory elements such as super-enhancers. ARID1A knockdown leads to H3.3 depletion and gain of canonical H3.1/3.2 at ARID1A-bound active regulatory elements, and a concomitant redistribution of H3.3 toward genic elements. ARID1A interactions with the repressive chromatin remodeler CHD4 (NuRD) are associated with H3.3, and ARID1A is required for CHD4 recruitment to H3.3. ZMYND8 interacts with CHD4 to suppress a subset of ARID1A, CHD4, and ZMYND8 co-bound, H3.3+ H4K16ac+ super-enhancers near genes governing extracellular matrix, motility, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, these gene expression alterations are observed in human endometriomas. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that ARID1A-containing BAF complexes are required for maintenance of the histone variant H3.3 at active regulatory elements, such as super-enhancers, and this function is required for the physiologically relevant activities of alternative chromatin remodelers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake J. Reske
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Mike R. Wilson
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Brooke Armistead
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Shannon Harkins
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Cristina Perez
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Joel Hrit
- grid.251017.00000 0004 0406 2057Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Marie Adams
- grid.251017.00000 0004 0406 2057Genomics Core Facility, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Scott B. Rothbart
- grid.251017.00000 0004 0406 2057Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Stacey A. Missmer
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA ,grid.416230.20000 0004 0406 3236Department of Women’s Health, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI 49341 USA
| | - Asgerally T. Fazleabas
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA ,grid.416230.20000 0004 0406 3236Department of Women’s Health, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI 49341 USA
| | - Ronald L. Chandler
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA ,grid.251017.00000 0004 0406 2057Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA ,grid.416230.20000 0004 0406 3236Department of Women’s Health, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI 49341 USA
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125
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Schield DR, Perry BW, Card DC, Pasquesi GIM, Westfall AK, Mackessy SP, Castoe TA. The Rattlesnake W Chromosome: A GC-Rich Retroelement Refugium with Retained Gene Function Across Ancient Evolutionary Strata. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:evac116. [PMID: 35867356 PMCID: PMC9447483 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex chromosomes diverge after the establishment of recombination suppression, resulting in differential sex-linkage of genes involved in genetic sex determination and dimorphic traits. This process produces systems of male or female heterogamety wherein the Y and W chromosomes are only present in one sex and are often highly degenerated. Sex-limited Y and W chromosomes contain valuable information about the evolutionary transition from autosomes to sex chromosomes, yet detailed characterizations of the structure, composition, and gene content of sex-limited chromosomes are lacking for many species. In this study, we characterize the female-specific W chromosome of the prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) and evaluate how recombination suppression and other processes have shaped sex chromosome evolution in ZW snakes. Our analyses indicate that the rattlesnake W chromosome is over 80% repetitive and that an abundance of GC-rich mdg4 elements has driven an overall high degree of GC-richness despite a lack of recombination. The W chromosome is also highly enriched for repeat sequences derived from endogenous retroviruses and likely acts as a "refugium" for these and other retroelements. We annotated 219 putatively functional W-linked genes across at least two evolutionary strata identified based on estimates of sequence divergence between Z and W gametologs. The youngest of these strata is relatively gene-rich, however gene expression across strata suggests retained gene function amidst a greater degree of degeneration following ancient recombination suppression. Functional annotation of W-linked genes indicates a specialization of the W chromosome for reproductive and developmental function since recombination suppression from the Z chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew R Schield
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Blair W Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Daren C Card
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giulia I M Pasquesi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Aundrea K Westfall
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen P Mackessy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
| | - Todd A Castoe
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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126
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Manfredi-Lozano M, Leysen V, Adamo M, Paiva I, Rovera R, Pignat JM, Timzoura FE, Candlish M, Eddarkaoui S, Malone SA, Silva MSB, Trova S, Imbernon M, Decoster L, Cotellessa L, Tena-Sempere M, Claret M, Paoloni-Giacobino A, Plassard D, Paccou E, Vionnet N, Acierno J, Maceski AM, Lutti A, Pfrieger F, Rasika S, Santoni F, Boehm U, Ciofi P, Buée L, Haddjeri N, Boutillier AL, Kuhle J, Messina A, Draganski B, Giacobini P, Pitteloud N, Prevot V. GnRH replacement rescues cognition in Down syndrome. Science 2022; 377:eabq4515. [PMID: 36048943 PMCID: PMC7613827 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
At the present time, no viable treatment exists for cognitive and olfactory deficits in Down syndrome (DS). We show in a DS model (Ts65Dn mice) that these progressive nonreproductive neurological symptoms closely parallel a postpubertal decrease in hypothalamic as well as extrahypothalamic expression of a master molecule that controls reproduction-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-and appear related to an imbalance in a microRNA-gene network known to regulate GnRH neuron maturation together with altered hippocampal synaptic transmission. Epigenetic, cellular, chemogenetic, and pharmacological interventions that restore physiological GnRH levels abolish olfactory and cognitive defects in Ts65Dn mice, whereas pulsatile GnRH therapy improves cognition and brain connectivity in adult DS patients. GnRH thus plays a crucial role in olfaction and cognition, and pulsatile GnRH therapy holds promise to improve cognitive deficits in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manfredi-Lozano
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Valerie Leysen
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Michela Adamo
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Paiva
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Renaud Rovera
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron 69500, France
| | - Jean-Michel Pignat
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurorehabilitation Unit, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fatima Ezzahra Timzoura
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Michael Candlish
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sabiha Eddarkaoui
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France
| | - Samuel A. Malone
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Mauro S. B. Silva
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sara Trova
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Monica Imbernon
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Laurine Decoster
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Ludovica Cotellessa
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Univ. Cordoba, IMIBC/HURS, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariane Paoloni-Giacobino
- Department of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Damien Plassard
- CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U1258, GenomEast Platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Emmanuelle Paccou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Vionnet
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James Acierno
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Maleska Maceski
- Neurologic Clinic and Polyclinic, MS Centre and Research Centre for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel; University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel Switzerland
| | - Antoine Lutti
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frank Pfrieger
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - S. Rasika
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Federico Santoni
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Ciofi
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France
| | - Nasser Haddjeri
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron 69500, France
| | - Anne-Laurence Boutillier
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Neurologic Clinic and Polyclinic, MS Centre and Research Centre for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel; University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel Switzerland
| | - Andrea Messina
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
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Flamand MN, Ke K, Tamming R, Meyer KD. Single-molecule identification of the target RNAs of different RNA binding proteins simultaneously in cells. Genes Dev 2022; 36:1002-1015. [PMID: 36302554 PMCID: PMC9732904 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349983.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate nearly every aspect of mRNA processing and are important regulators of gene expression in cells. However, current methods for transcriptome-wide identification of RBP targets are limited, since they examine only a single RBP at a time and do not provide information on the individual RNA molecules that are bound by a given RBP. Here, we overcome these limitations by developing TRIBE-STAMP, an approach for single-molecule detection of the target RNAs of two RNA binding proteins simultaneously in cells. We applied TRIBE-STAMP to the cytoplasmic m6A reader proteins YTHDF1, YTHDF2, and YTHDF3 and discovered that individual mRNA molecules can be bound by more than one YTHDF protein throughout their lifetime, providing new insights into the function of YTHDF proteins in cells. TRIBE-STAMP is a highly versatile approach that enables single-molecule analysis of the targets of RBP pairs simultaneously in the same cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu N. Flamand
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Ke Ke
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Renee Tamming
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Kate D. Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA;,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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128
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Casteels T, Bajew S, Reiniš J, Enders L, Schuster M, Fontaine F, Müller AC, Wagner BK, Bock C, Kubicek S. SMNDC1 links chromatin remodeling and splicing to regulate pancreatic hormone expression. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111288. [PMID: 36044849 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin expression is primarily restricted to the pancreatic β cells, which are physically or functionally depleted in diabetes. Identifying targetable pathways repressing insulin in non-β cells, particularly in the developmentally related glucagon-secreting α cells, is an important aim of regenerative medicine. Here, we perform an RNA interference screen in a murine α cell line to identify silencers of insulin expression. We discover that knockdown of the splicing factor Smndc1 triggers a global repression of α cell gene-expression programs in favor of increased β cell markers. Mechanistically, Smndc1 knockdown upregulates the β cell transcription factor Pdx1 by modulating the activities of the BAF and Atrx chromatin remodeling complexes. SMNDC1's repressive role is conserved in human pancreatic islets, its loss triggering enhanced insulin secretion and PDX1 expression. Our study identifies Smndc1 as a key factor connecting splicing and chromatin remodeling to the control of insulin expression in human and mouse islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Casteels
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Bajew
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jiří Reiniš
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lennart Enders
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frédéric Fontaine
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - André C Müller
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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129
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Distinct colon mucosa microbiomes associated with tubular adenomas and serrated polyps. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:69. [PMID: 36038569 PMCID: PMC9424272 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second most deadly and third most common cancer in the world. Its development is heterogenous, with multiple mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Two distinct mechanisms include the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and the serrated pathway. The gut microbiome has been identified as a key player in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, but its role in serrated carcinogenesis is less clear. In this study, we characterized the gut microbiome of 140 polyp-free and polyp-bearing individuals using colon mucosa and fecal samples to determine if microbiome composition was associated with each of the two key pathways. We discovered significant differences between the microbiomes of colon mucosa and fecal samples, with sample type explaining 10–15% of the variation observed in the microbiome. Multiple mucosal brushings were collected from each individual to investigate whether the gut microbiome differed between polyp and healthy intestinal tissue, but no differences were found. Mucosal aspirate sampling revealed that the microbiomes of individuals with tubular adenomas and serrated polyps were significantly different from each other and polyp-free individuals, explaining 1–4% of the variance in the microbiome. Microbiome composition also enabled the accurate prediction of subject polyp types using Random Forest, which produced an area under curve values of 0.87–0.99. By directly sampling the colon mucosa and distinguishing between the different developmental pathways of colorectal cancer, our study helps characterize potential mechanistic targets for serrated carcinogenesis. This research also provides insight into multiple microbiome sampling strategies by assessing each method’s practicality and effect on microbial community composition.
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130
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NODULIN HOMEOBOX is required for heterochromatin homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5058. [PMID: 36030240 PMCID: PMC9420119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis NODULIN HOMEOBOX (NDX) is a nuclear protein described as a regulator of specific euchromatic genes within transcriptionally active chromosome arms. Here we show that NDX is primarily a heterochromatin regulator that functions in pericentromeric regions to control siRNA production and non-CG methylation. Most NDX binding sites coincide with pericentromeric het-siRNA loci that mediate transposon silencing, and are antagonistic with R-loop structures that are prevalent in euchromatic chromosomal arms. Inactivation of NDX leads to differential siRNA accumulation and DNA methylation, of which CHH/CHG hypomethylation colocalizes with NDX binding sites. Hi-C analysis shows significant chromatin structural changes in the ndx mutant, with decreased intrachromosomal interactions at pericentromeres where NDX is enriched in wild-type plants, and increased interchromosomal contacts between KNOT-forming regions, similar to those observed in DNA methylation mutants. We conclude that NDX is a key regulator of heterochromatin that is functionally coupled to het-siRNA loci and non-CG DNA methylation pathways. Arabidopsis NDX was previously reported as a regulator of euchromatic gene expression. Here the authors show that NDX functions at pericentromeric regions and regulates heterochromatin homeostasis by controlling siRNA production and non-CG methylation.
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131
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Saliva microbiome, dietary, and genetic markers are associated with suicidal ideation in university students. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14306. [PMID: 35995968 PMCID: PMC9395396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, salivary microbiota and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles were compared between 47 (12.6%) young adults with recent suicidal ideation (SI) and 325 (87.4%) controls without recent SI. Several bacterial taxa were correlated with SI after controlling for sleep issues, diet, and genetics. Four MHC class II alleles were protective for SI including DRB1*04, which was absent in every subject with SI while present in 21.7% of controls. Increased incidence of SI was observed with four other MHC class II alleles and two MHC class I alleles. Associations between these HLA alleles and salivary bacteria were also identified. Furthermore, rs10437629, previously associated with attempted suicide, was correlated here with SI and the absence of Alloprevotella rava, a producer of an organic acid known to promote brain energy homeostasis. Hence, microbial-genetic associations may be important players in the diathesis-stress model for suicidal behaviors.
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132
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Loll A, Reinwald H, Ayobahan SU, Göckener B, Salinas G, Schäfers C, Schlich K, Hamscher G, Eilebrecht S. Short-Term Test for Toxicogenomic Analysis of Ecotoxic Modes of Action in Lemna minor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11504-11515. [PMID: 35926083 PMCID: PMC9386900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the environmental risk assessment of substances, toxicity to aquatic plants is evaluated using, among other methods, the 7 dayLemna sp. growth inhibition test following the OECD TG 221. So far, the test is not applicable for short-term screening of toxicity, nor does it allow evaluation of toxic modes of action (MoA). The latter is also complicated by the lack of knowledge of gene functions in the test species. Using ecotoxicogenomics, we developed a time-shortened 3 day assay inLemna minor which allows discrimination of ecotoxic MoA. By examining the changes in gene expression induced by low effect concentrations of the pharmaceutical atorvastatin and the herbicide bentazon at the transcriptome and proteome levels, we were able to identify candidate biomarkers for the respective MoA. We developed a homology-based functional annotation pipeline for the reference genome ofL. minor, which allowed overrepresentation analysis of the gene ontologies affected by both test compounds. Genes affected by atorvastatin mainly influenced lipid synthesis and metabolism, whereas the bentazon-responsive genes were mainly involved in light response. Our approach is therefore less time-consuming but sensitive and allows assessment of MoA in L. minor. Using this shortened assay, investigation of expression changes of the identified candidate biomarkers may allow the development of MoA-specific screening approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Loll
- Fraunhofer
Attract Eco’n’OMICs, Fraunhofer
Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, Schmallenberg 57392, Germany
- Institute
of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Hannes Reinwald
- Fraunhofer
Attract Eco’n’OMICs, Fraunhofer
Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, Schmallenberg 57392, Germany
- Department
Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Steve U. Ayobahan
- Fraunhofer
Attract Eco’n’OMICs, Fraunhofer
Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, Schmallenberg 57392, Germany
| | - Bernd Göckener
- Department
of Food and Feed Safety, Fraunhofer Institute
for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg 57392, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Services
for Integrative Genomics, University of
Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Christoph Schäfers
- Department
Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for
Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg 57392, Germany
| | - Karsten Schlich
- Department
Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for
Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg 57392, Germany
| | - Gerd Hamscher
- Institute
of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eilebrecht
- Fraunhofer
Attract Eco’n’OMICs, Fraunhofer
Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, Schmallenberg 57392, Germany
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133
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Wick KD, Fang X, Maishan M, Matsumoto S, Spottiswoode N, Sarma A, Simoneau C, Khakoo M, Langelier C, Calfee CS, Gotts JE, Matthay MA. Impact of e-cigarette aerosol on primary human alveolar epithelial type 2 cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L152-L164. [PMID: 35670478 PMCID: PMC9559034 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00503.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are designed to simulate combustible cigarette smoking and to aid in smoking cessation. Although the number of e-cigarette users has been increasing, the potential health impacts and biological effects of e-cigarettes are still not fully understood. Previous research has focused on the biological effects of e-cigarettes on lung cancer cell lines and distal airway epithelial cells; however, there have been few published studies on the effect of e-cigarettes on primary lung alveolar epithelial cells. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the direct effect of e-cigarette aerosol on primary human lung alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cells, both alone and in the presence of viral infection. The Melo-3 atomizer caused direct AT2 cell toxicity, whereas the more popular Juul pod's aerosol did not have a detectable cytotoxic effect on AT2 cells. Juul nicotine aerosol also did not increase short-term susceptibility to viral infection. However, 3 days of exposure upregulated genes central to the generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and carcinogen metabolism and downregulated key innate immune system genes related to cytokine and chemokine signaling. These findings have implications for the potentially injurious impact of long-term use of popular low-power e-cigarette pods on the human alveolar epithelium. Gene expression data might be an important endpoint for evaluating the potential harmful effects of vaping devices that do not cause overt toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Wick
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mazharul Maishan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Shotaro Matsumoto
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Natasha Spottiswoode
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Aartik Sarma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Camille Simoneau
- Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Manisha Khakoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Chaz Langelier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeffrey E Gotts
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, California
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134
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Hess L, Moos V, Lauber AA, Reiter W, Schuster M, Hartl N, Lackner D, Boenke T, Koren A, Guzzardo PM, Gundacker B, Riegler A, Vician P, Miccolo C, Leiter S, Chandrasekharan MB, Vcelkova T, Tanzer A, Jun JQ, Bradner J, Brosch G, Hartl M, Bock C, Bürckstümmer T, Kubicek S, Chiocca S, Bhaskara S, Seiser C. A toolbox for class I HDACs reveals isoform specific roles in gene regulation and protein acetylation. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010376. [PMID: 35994477 PMCID: PMC9436093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The class I histone deacetylases are essential regulators of cell fate decisions in health and disease. While pan- and class-specific HDAC inhibitors are available, these drugs do not allow a comprehensive understanding of individual HDAC function, or the therapeutic potential of isoform-specific targeting. To systematically compare the impact of individual catalytic functions of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3, we generated human HAP1 cell lines expressing catalytically inactive HDAC enzymes. Using this genetic toolbox we compare the effect of individual HDAC inhibition with the effects of class I specific inhibitors on cell viability, protein acetylation and gene expression. Individual inactivation of HDAC1 or HDAC2 has only mild effects on cell viability, while HDAC3 inactivation or loss results in DNA damage and apoptosis. Inactivation of HDAC1/HDAC2 led to increased acetylation of components of the COREST co-repressor complex, reduced deacetylase activity associated with this complex and derepression of neuronal genes. HDAC3 controls the acetylation of nuclear hormone receptor associated proteins and the expression of nuclear hormone receptor regulated genes. Acetylation of specific histone acetyltransferases and HDACs is sensitive to inactivation of HDAC1/HDAC2. Over a wide range of assays, we determined that in particular HDAC1 or HDAC2 catalytic inactivation mimics class I specific HDAC inhibitors. Importantly, we further demonstrate that catalytic inactivation of HDAC1 or HDAC2 sensitizes cells to specific cancer drugs. In summary, our systematic study revealed isoform-specific roles of HDAC1/2/3 catalytic functions. We suggest that targeted genetic inactivation of particular isoforms effectively mimics pharmacological HDAC inhibition allowing the identification of relevant HDACs as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hess
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Moos
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnel A. Lauber
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Reiter
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natascha Hartl
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thorina Boenke
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Koren
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Brigitte Gundacker
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Riegler
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Vician
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Miccolo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Leiter
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mahesh B. Chandrasekharan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Terezia Vcelkova
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Tanzer
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jun Qi Jun
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James Bradner
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gerald Brosch
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Hartl
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Srividya Bhaskara
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Christian Seiser
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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135
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Meijnikman AS, Lappa D, Herrema H, Aydin O, Krautkramer KA, Tremaroli V, Olofsson LE, Lundqvist A, Bruin S, Acherman Y, Verheij J, Hjorth S, Gerdes VE, Schwartz TW, Groen AK, Bäckhed F, Nielsen J, Nieuwdorp M. A systems biology approach to study non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in women with obesity. iScience 2022; 25:104828. [PMID: 35992074 PMCID: PMC9382345 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most frequent global chronic liver disease. Individuals with NAFLD exhibited an increased risk of all-cause mortality driven by extrahepatic cancers and liver and cardiovascular disease. Once the disease is established, women have a higher risk of disease progression and worse outcome. It is therefore critical to deepen the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of NAFLD in women. Here, we used a systems biology approach to investigate the contribution of different organs to this disease. We analyzed transcriptomics profiles of liver and adipose tissues, fecal metagenomes, and plasma metabolomes of 55 women with and without NAFLD. We observed differences in metabolites, expression of human genes, and gut microbial features between the groups and revealed that there is substantial crosstalk between these different omics sets. Multi-omics analysis of individuals with NAFLD may provide novel strategies to study the pathophysiology of NAFLD in humans. The gut microbiome is significantly different between women with and without NAFLD The NAFLD plasma metabolome is characterized by lipid and amino acids post prandial Women with NAFLD have distinct transcriptional profiles in liver and adipose tissue Women with NAFL have a different response upon MMT after massive weight loss
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham S. Meijnikman
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
| | - Dimitra Lappa
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Omrum Aydin
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Kimberly A. Krautkramer
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise E. Olofsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Lundqvist
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sjoerd Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Yair Acherman
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Siv Hjorth
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Victor E.A. Gerdes
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Thue W. Schwartz
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Heath and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Corresponding author
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
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136
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Hall R, Guedán A, Yap MW, Young GR, Harvey R, Stoye JP, Bishop KN. SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 disrupts innate immune signalling by inhibiting cellular mRNA export. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010349. [PMID: 36007063 PMCID: PMC9451085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronavirus and the etiological agent of COVID-19, a devastating infectious disease. Due to its far-reaching effect on human health, there is an urgent and growing need to understand the viral molecular biology of SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with the host cell. SARS-CoV-2 encodes 9 predicted accessory proteins, which are presumed to be dispensable for in vitro replication, most likely having a role in modulating the host cell environment to aid viral replication. Here we show that the ORF6 accessory protein interacts with cellular Rae1 to inhibit cellular protein production by blocking mRNA export. We utilised cell fractionation coupled with mRNAseq to explore which cellular mRNA species are affected by ORF6 expression and show that ORF6 can inhibit the export of many mRNA including those encoding antiviral factors such as IRF1 and RIG-I. We also show that export of these mRNA is blocked in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Together, our studies identify a novel mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 can manipulate the host cell environment to supress antiviral responses, providing further understanding to the replication strategies of a virus that has caused an unprecedented global health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Hall
- Retroviral Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anabel Guedán
- Retroviral Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melvyn W. Yap
- Retroviral Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - George R. Young
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Harvey
- World Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Stoye
- Retrovirus-Host Interactions Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate N. Bishop
- Retroviral Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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137
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Li Y, Zhou X, Cao H. Statistical analysis of spatially resolved transcriptomic data by incorporating multiomics auxiliary information. Genetics 2022; 221:iyac095. [PMID: 35731210 PMCID: PMC9339334 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective control of false discovery rate is key for multiplicity problems. Here, we consider incorporating informative covariates from external datasets in the multiple testing procedure to boost statistical power while maintaining false discovery rate control. In particular, we focus on the statistical analysis of innovative high-dimensional spatial transcriptomic data while incorporating external multiomics data that provide distinct but complementary information to the detection of spatial expression patterns. We extend OrderShapeEM, an efficient covariate-assisted multiple testing procedure that incorporates one auxiliary study, to make it permissible to incorporate multiple external omics studies, to boost statistical power of spatial expression pattern detection. Specifically, we first use a recently proposed computationally efficient statistical analysis method, spatial pattern recognition via kernels, to produce the primary test statistics for spatial transcriptomic data. Afterwards, we construct the auxiliary covariate by combining information from multiple external omics studies, such as bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data using the Cauchy combination rule. Finally, we extend and implement the integrative analysis method OrderShapeEM on the primary P-values along with auxiliary data incorporating multiomics information for efficient covariate-assisted spatial expression analysis. We conduct a series of realistic simulations to evaluate the performance of our method with known ground truth. Four case studies in mouse olfactory bulb, mouse cerebellum, human breast cancer, and human heart tissues further demonstrate the substantial power gain of our method in detecting genes with spatial expression patterns compared to existing classic approaches that do not utilize any external information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hongyuan Cao
- School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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138
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Hutchinson A, Liley J, Wallace C. fcfdr: an R package to leverage continuous and binary functional genomic data in GWAS. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:310. [PMID: 35907789 PMCID: PMC9338519 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are limited in power to detect associations that exceed the stringent genome-wide significance threshold. This limitation can be alleviated by leveraging relevant auxiliary data, such as functional genomic data. Frameworks utilising the conditional false discovery rate have been developed for this purpose, and have been shown to increase power for GWAS discovery whilst controlling the false discovery rate. However, the methods are currently only applicable for continuous auxiliary data and cannot be used to leverage auxiliary data with a binary representation, such as whether SNPs are synonymous or non-synonymous, or whether they reside in regions of the genome with specific activity states. RESULTS We describe an extension to the cFDR framework for binary auxiliary data, called "Binary cFDR". We demonstrate FDR control of our method using detailed simulations, and show that Binary cFDR performs better than a comparator method in terms of sensitivity and FDR control. We introduce an all-encompassing user-oriented CRAN R package ( https://annahutch.github.io/fcfdr/ ; https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/fcfdr/index.html ) and demonstrate its utility in an application to type 1 diabetes, where we identify additional genetic associations. CONCLUSIONS Our all-encompassing R package, fcfdr, serves as a comprehensive toolkit to unite GWAS and functional genomic data in order to increase statistical power to detect genetic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hutchinson
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Liley
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK ,grid.499548.d0000 0004 5903 3632The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Chris Wallace
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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139
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Wendt KD, Brown J, Lungova V, Mohad V, Kendziorski C, Thibeault SL. Transcriptome Dynamics in the Developing Larynx, Trachea, and Esophagus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942622. [PMID: 35938172 PMCID: PMC9353518 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The larynx, trachea, and esophagus share origin and proximity during embryonic development. Clinical and experimental evidence support the existence of neurophysiological, structural, and functional interdependencies before birth. This investigation provides the first comprehensive transcriptional profile of all three organs during embryonic organogenesis, where differential gene expression gradually assembles the identity and complexity of these proximal organs from a shared origin in the anterior foregut. By applying bulk RNA sequencing and gene network analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within and across developing embryonic mouse larynx, esophagus, and trachea, we identified co-expressed modules of genes enriched for key biological processes. Organ-specific temporal patterns of gene activity corresponding to gene modules within and across shared tissues during embryonic development (E10.5-E18.5) are described, and the laryngeal transcriptome during vocal fold development and maturation from birth to adulthood is characterized in the context of laryngeal organogenesis. The findings of this study provide new insights into interrelated gene sets governing the organogenesis of this tripartite organ system within the aerodigestive tract. They are relevant to multiple families of disorders defined by cardiocraniofacial syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy D. Wendt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jared Brown
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Vlasta Lungova
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Vidisha Mohad
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Information, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Susan L. Thibeault
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Susan L. Thibeault,
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140
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Hyde R, O'Grady L, Green M. Stability selection for mixed effect models with large numbers of predictor variables: A simulation study. Prev Vet Med 2022; 206:105714. [PMID: 35843027 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Covariate selection when the number of available variables is large relative to the number of observations is problematic in epidemiology and remains the focus of continued research. Whilst a variety of statistical methods have been developed to attempt to overcome this issue, at present very few methods are available for wide data that include a clustered outcome. The purpose of this research was to make an empirical evaluation of a new method for covariate selection in wide data settings when the dependent variable is clustered. We used 3300 simulated datasets with a variety of defined structures and known sets of true predictor variables to conduct an empirical evaluation of a mixed model stability selection procedure. Comparison was made with an alternative method based on regularisation using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) penalty. Model performance was assessed using several metrics including the true positive rate (proportion of true covariates selected in a final model) and false discovery rate (proportion of variables selected in a final model that were non-true (false) variables). For stability selection, the false discovery rate was consistently low, generally remaining ≤ 0.02 indicating that on average fewer than 1 in 50 of the variables selected in a final model were false variables. This was in contrast to the Lasso-based method in which the false discovery rate was between 0.59 and 0.72, indicating that generally more than 60% of variables selected in a final model were false variables. In contrast however, the Lasso method attained higher true positive rates than stability selection, although both methods achieved good results. For the Lasso method, true positive rates remained ≥ 0.93 whereas for stability selection the true positive rate was 0.73-0.97. Our results suggest both methods may be of value for covariate selection with high dimensional data with a clustered outcome. When high specificity is needed for identification of true covariates, stability selection appeared to offer the better solution, although with a slight loss of sensitivity. Conversely when high sensitivity is needed, the Lasso approach may be useful, even if accompanied by a substantial loss of specificity. Overall, the results indicated the loss of sensitivity when employing stability selection is relatively small compared to the loss of specificity when using the Lasso and therefore stability selection may provide the better option for the analyst when evaluating data of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hyde
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Luke O'Grady
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Green
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
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141
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Stefanoska K, Gajwani M, Tan ARP, Ahel HI, Asih PR, Volkerling A, Poljak A, Ittner A. Alzheimer's disease: Ablating single master site abolishes tau hyperphosphorylation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl8809. [PMID: 35857446 PMCID: PMC9258953 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl8809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation of the neuronal tau protein is a hallmark of neurodegenerative tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease. A central unanswered question is why tau becomes progressively hyperphosphorylated. Here, we show that tau phosphorylation is governed by interdependence- a mechanistic link between initial site-specific and subsequent multi-site phosphorylation. Systematic assessment of site interdependence identified distinct residues (threonine-50, threonine-69, and threonine-181) as master sites that determine propagation of phosphorylation at multiple epitopes. CRISPR point mutation and expression of human tau in Alzheimer's mice showed that site interdependence governs physiologic and amyloid-associated multi-site phosphorylation and cognitive deficits, respectively. Combined targeting of master sites and p38α, the most central tau kinase linked to interdependence, synergistically ablated hyperphosphorylation. In summary, our work delineates how complex tau phosphorylation arises to inform therapeutic and biomarker design for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Stefanoska
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Corresponding author. (A.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Mehul Gajwani
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Human and Medical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton,Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda R. P. Tan
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Holly I. Ahel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Human and Medical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Prita R. Asih
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexander Volkerling
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Corresponding author. (A.I.); (K.S.)
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142
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Gimeno M, San José-Enériz E, Rubio A, Garate L, Miranda E, Castilla C, Agirre X, Prosper F, Carazo F. Identifying Lethal Dependencies with HUGE Predictive Power. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133251. [PMID: 35805023 PMCID: PMC9264916 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent functional genomic screens—such as CRISPR-Cas9 or RNAi screening—have fostered a new wave of targeted treatments based on the concept of synthetic lethality. These approaches identified LEthal Dependencies (LEDs) by estimating the effect of genetic events on cell viability. The multiple-hypothesis problem is related to a large number of gene knockouts limiting the statistical power of these studies. Here, we show that predictions of LEDs from functional screens can be dramatically improved by incorporating the “HUb effect in Genetic Essentiality” (HUGE) of gene alterations. We analyze three recent genome-wide loss-of-function screens—Project Score, CERES score and DEMETER score—identifying LEDs with 75 times larger statistical power than using state-of-the-art methods. Using acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma as disease models, we validate that our predictions are enriched in a recent harmonized knowledge base of clinical interpretations of somatic genomic variants in cancer (AUROC > 0.87). Our approach is effective even in tumors with large genetic heterogeneity such as acute myeloid leukemia, where we identified LEDs not recalled by previous pipelines, including FLT3-mutant genotypes sensitive to FLT3 inhibitors. Interestingly, in-vitro validations confirm lethal dependencies of either NRAS or PTPN11 depending on the NRAS mutational status. HUGE will hopefully help discover novel genetic dependencies amenable for precision-targeted therapies in cancer. All the graphs showing lethal dependencies for the 19 tumor types analyzed can be visualized in an interactive tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Gimeno
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica y Ciencias, TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.G.); (A.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Edurne San José-Enériz
- Programa Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.S.J.-E.); (E.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Angel Rubio
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica y Ciencias, TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.G.); (A.R.); (C.C.)
- Instituto de Ciencia de los Datos e Inteligencia Artificial (DATAI), Universidad de Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leire Garate
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Hematología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Miranda
- Programa Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.S.J.-E.); (E.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carlos Castilla
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica y Ciencias, TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.G.); (A.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Programa Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.S.J.-E.); (E.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (X.A.); (F.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Programa Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.S.J.-E.); (E.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Hematología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (X.A.); (F.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Fernando Carazo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica y Ciencias, TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.G.); (A.R.); (C.C.)
- Instituto de Ciencia de los Datos e Inteligencia Artificial (DATAI), Universidad de Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (X.A.); (F.P.); (F.C.)
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143
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Angelini DR, Steele JL, Yorsz MC, O'Brien DM. Expression Analysis in a Dispersal-Fecundity Polyphenism Identifies Growth Regulators and Effectors. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1042-1055. [PMID: 35704673 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenism allows organisms to respond to varying environmental conditions by adopting alternative collections of morphological traits, often leading to different reproductive strategies. In many insects, polyphenism affecting the development of flight trades dispersal ability for increased fecundity. The soapberry bug Jadera haematoloma (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) exhibits wing polyphenism in response to juvenile nutritional resources and cohort density. Development of full-length wings and flight-capable thoracic muscles occurs more frequently in cohorts raised under low food density conditions, and these features are correlated to reduced female fecundity. Soapberry bugs represent an example of polyphenic dispersal-fecundity trade-off. Short-wing development is not sex-limited, and morphs can also differ in male fertility. We have previously shown, via a candidate gene approach, that manipulation of insulin signaling can alter the threshold for nutritional response and that changes in the activity of this pathway underlie, at least in part, differences in the polyphenic thresholds in different host-adapted populations of J. haematoloma. We now expand the examination of this system using transcriptome sequencing across a multidimensional matrix of life stage, tissue, sex, food density and host population. We also examine the use of wing and thorax shape as factors modeling gene expression. In addition to insulin signaling, we find that components of the TOR, Hippo, Toll and estrogen-related receptor pathways are differentially expressed in the thorax of polyphenic morphs. The transcription factor Sox14 was one of the few genes differentially expressed in the gonads of morphs, being up-regulated in ovaries. We identify two transcription factors as potential mediators of morph-specific male fertility differences. We also find that bugs respond to nutrient limitation with expression of genes linked to cuticle structure and spermatogenesis. These findings provide a broad perspective from which to view this nutrition-dependent polyphenism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Angelini
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5700 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901
| | - Joshua L Steele
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5700 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901
| | - Michael C Yorsz
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5700 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901
| | - Devin M O'Brien
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5700 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901
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144
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Huppertz I, Perez-Perri JI, Mantas P, Sekaran T, Schwarzl T, Russo F, Ferring-Appel D, Koskova Z, Dimitrova-Paternoga L, Kafkia E, Hennig J, Neveu PA, Patil K, Hentze MW. Riboregulation of Enolase 1 activity controls glycolysis and embryonic stem cell differentiation. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2666-2680.e11. [PMID: 35709751 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Differentiating stem cells must coordinate their metabolism and fate trajectories. Here, we report that the catalytic activity of the glycolytic enzyme Enolase 1 (ENO1) is directly regulated by RNAs leading to metabolic rewiring in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We identify RNA ligands that specifically inhibit ENO1's enzymatic activity in vitro and diminish glycolysis in cultured human cells and mESCs. Pharmacological inhibition or RNAi-mediated depletion of the protein deacetylase SIRT2 increases ENO1's acetylation and enhances its RNA binding. Similarly, induction of mESC differentiation leads to increased ENO1 acetylation, enhanced RNA binding, and inhibition of glycolysis. Stem cells expressing mutant forms of ENO1 that escape or hyper-activate this regulation display impaired germ layer differentiation. Our findings uncover acetylation-driven riboregulation of ENO1 as a physiological mechanism of glycolytic control and of the regulation of stem cell differentiation. Riboregulation may represent a more widespread principle of biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Huppertz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joel I Perez-Perri
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Mantas
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thileepan Sekaran
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarzl
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Russo
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dunja Ferring-Appel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zuzana Koskova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Eleni Kafkia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janosch Hennig
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre A Neveu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kiran Patil
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Hentze
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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145
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Hearn J, Little TJ. Daphnia magna egg piRNA cluster expression profiles change as mothers age. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:429. [PMID: 35672706 PMCID: PMC9175491 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PiRNAs prevent transposable elements wreaking havoc on the germline genome. Changes in piRNA expression over the lifetime of an individual may impact on ageing through continued suppression, or release, of transposable element expression. We identified piRNA producing clusters in the genome of Daphnia magna by a combination of bioinformatic methods, and then contrasted their expression between parthenogenetically produced eggs representing maternally-deposited germline piRNAs of young (having their 1st clutch) and old (having their 5th clutch) mothers. Results from eggs were compared to cluster expression in three generations of adults. RESULTS As for other arthropods, D. magna encodes long uni-directionally transcribed non-coding RNAs consisting of fragmented transposable elements which account for most piRNAs expressed. Egg tissues showed extensive differences between clutches from young mothers and those from old mothers, with 578 and 686 piRNA clusters upregulated, respectively. Most log fold-change differences for significant clusters were modest, however. When considering only highly expressed clusters, there was a bias towards 1st clutch eggs at 41 upregulated versus eight clusters in the eggs from older mothers. F0 generation differences between young and old mothers were fewer than eggs, as 179 clusters were up-regulated in young versus 170 old mothers. This dropped to 31 versus 22 piRNA clusters when comparing adults in the F1 generation, and no differences were detected in the F3 generation. Inter-generational losses of differential piRNA cluster were similar to that observed for D. magna micro-RNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Little overlap in differentially expressed clusters was found between adults containing mixed somatic and germline (ovary) tissues and germ-line representing eggs. A cluster encompassing a Tudor domain containing gene important in the piRNA pathway was upregulated in the eggs from old mothers. We hypothesise that regulation of this gene could form part of a feedback loop that reduces piRNA pathway activity explaining the reduced number of highly-expressed clusters in eggs from old mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Hearn
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tom J. Little
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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146
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Marquardt RM, Ahn SH, Reske JJ, Chandler RL, Petroff MG, Kim TH, Jeong JW. Endometrial Epithelial ARID1A Is Required for Uterine Immune Homeostasis during Early Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6067. [PMID: 35682747 PMCID: PMC9181301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of work suggests epigenetic dysregulation contributes to endometriosis pathophysiology and female infertility. The chromatin remodeling complex subunit AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) must be properly expressed to maintain normal uterine function. Endometrial epithelial ARID1A is indispensable for pregnancy establishment in mice through regulation of endometrial gland function; however, ARID1A expression is decreased in infertile women with endometriosis. We hypothesized that ARID1A performs critical operations in the endometrial epithelium necessary for fertility besides maintaining gland function. To identify alterations in uterine gene expression resulting from loss of epithelial ARID1A, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis on pre-implantation uteri from LtfiCre/+Arid1af/f and control mice. Differential expression analysis identified 4181 differentially expressed genes enriched for immune-related ingenuity canonical pathways including agranulocyte adhesion and diapedesis and natural killer cell signaling. RT-qPCR confirmed an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine and macrophage-related gene expression but a decrease in natural killer cell signaling. Immunostaining confirmed a uterus-specific increase in macrophage infiltration. Flow cytometry delineated an increase in inflammatory macrophages and a decrease in uterine dendritic cells in LtfiCre/+Arid1af/f uteri. These findings demonstrate a role for endometrial epithelial ARID1A in suppressing inflammation and maintaining uterine immune homeostasis, which are required for successful pregnancy and gynecological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Marquardt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (R.M.M.); (J.J.R.); (R.L.C.); (T.H.K.)
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Soo Hyun Ahn
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Jake J. Reske
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (R.M.M.); (J.J.R.); (R.L.C.); (T.H.K.)
| | - Ronald L. Chandler
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (R.M.M.); (J.J.R.); (R.L.C.); (T.H.K.)
| | - Margaret G. Petroff
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (R.M.M.); (J.J.R.); (R.L.C.); (T.H.K.)
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (R.M.M.); (J.J.R.); (R.L.C.); (T.H.K.)
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147
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Pepin AS, Lafleur C, Lambrot R, Dumeaux V, Kimmins S. Sperm histone H3 lysine 4 tri-methylation serves as a metabolic sensor of paternal obesity and is associated with the inheritance of metabolic dysfunction. Mol Metab 2022; 59:101463. [PMID: 35183795 PMCID: PMC8931445 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parental environmental exposures can strongly influence descendant risks for adult disease. How paternal obesity changes the sperm chromatin leading to the acquisition of metabolic disease in offspring remains controversial and ill-defined. The objective of this study was to assess (1) whether obesity induced by a high-fat diet alters sperm histone methylation; (2) whether paternal obesity can induce metabolic disturbances across generations; (3) whether there could be cumulative damage to the sperm epigenome leading to enhanced metabolic dysfunction in descendants; and (4) whether obesity-sensitive regions associate with embryonic epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles. Using a genetic mouse model of epigenetic inheritance, we investigated the role of histone H3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me3) in the paternal transmission of metabolic dysfunction. This transgenic mouse overexpresses the histone demethylase enzyme KDM1A in the developing germline and has an altered sperm epigenome at the level of histone H3K4 methylation. We hypothesized that challenging transgenic sires with a high-fat diet would further erode the sperm epigenome and lead to enhanced metabolic disturbances in the next generations. METHODS To assess whether paternal obesity can have inter- or transgenerational impacts, and if so to identify potential mechanisms of this non-genetic inheritance, we used wild-type C57BL/6NCrl and transgenic males with a pre-existing altered sperm epigenome. To induce obesity, sires were fed either a control or high-fat diet (10% or 60% kcal fat, respectively) for 10-12 weeks, then bred to wild-type C57BL/6NCrl females fed a regular diet. F1 and F2 descendants were characterized for metabolic phenotypes by examining the effects of paternal obesity by sex, on body weight, fat mass distribution, the liver transcriptome, intraperitoneal glucose, and insulin tolerance tests. To determine whether obesity altered the F0 sperm chromatin, native chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing targeting H3K4me3 was performed. To gain insight into mechanisms of paternal transmission, we compared our sperm H3K4me3 profiles with embryonic and placental chromatin states, histone modification, and gene expression profiles. RESULTS Obesity-induced alterations in H3K4me3 occurred in genes implicated in metabolic, inflammatory, and developmental processes. These processes were associated with offspring metabolic dysfunction and corresponded to genes enriched for H3K4me3 in embryos and overlapped embryonic and placenta gene expression profiles. Transgenerational susceptibility to metabolic disease was only observed when obese F0 had a pre-existing modified sperm epigenome. This coincided with increased H3K4me3 alterations in sperm and more severe phenotypes affecting their offspring. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest sperm H3K4me3 might serve as a metabolic sensor that connects paternal diet with offspring phenotypes via the placenta. This non-DNA-based knowledge of inheritance has the potential to improve our understanding of how environment shapes heritability and may lead to novel routes for the prevention of disease. This study highlights the need to further study the connection between the sperm epigenome, placental development, and children's health. SUMMARY SENTENCE Paternal obesity impacts sperm H3K4me3 and is associated with placenta, embryonic and metabolic outcomes in descendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Pepin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Christine Lafleur
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Romain Lambrot
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Vanessa Dumeaux
- Department of Biology, PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sarah Kimmins
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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148
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Gasparini SJ, Tessmer K, Reh M, Wieneke S, Carido M, Völkner M, Borsch O, Swiersy A, Zuzic M, Goureau O, Kurth T, Busskamp V, Zeck G, Karl MO, Ader M. Transplanted human cones incorporate and function in a murine cone degeneration model. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:154619. [PMID: 35482419 PMCID: PMC9197520 DOI: 10.1172/jci154619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Once human photoreceptors die, they do not regenerate, thus, photoreceptor transplantation has emerged as a potential treatment approach for blinding diseases. Improvements in transplant organization, donor cell maturation, and synaptic connectivity to the host will be critical in advancing this technology for use in clinical practice. Unlike the unstructured grafts of prior cell-suspension transplantations into end-stage degeneration models, we describe the extensive incorporation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) retinal organoid–derived human photoreceptors into mice with cone dysfunction. This incorporative phenotype was validated in both cone-only as well as pan-photoreceptor transplantations. Rather than forming a glial barrier, Müller cells extended throughout the graft, even forming a series of adherens junctions between mouse and human cells, reminiscent of an outer limiting membrane. Donor-host interaction appeared to promote polarization as well as the development of morphological features critical for light detection, namely the formation of inner and well-stacked outer segments oriented toward the retinal pigment epithelium. Putative synapse formation and graft function were evident at both structural and electrophysiological levels. Overall, these results show that human photoreceptors interacted readily with a partially degenerated retina. Moreover, incorporation into the host retina appeared to be beneficial to graft maturation, polarization, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Tessmer
- Ader Lab, Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Miriam Reh
- Department of Neurophysics, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wieneke
- Karl Lab, Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Madalena Carido
- Ader Lab, Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuela Völkner
- Karl Lab, Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Borsch
- Ader Lab, Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anka Swiersy
- Busskamp Lab, Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marta Zuzic
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olivier Goureau
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Kurth
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Busskamp
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Günther Zeck
- Department of Neurophysics, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Mike O Karl
- Karl Lab, Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marius Ader
- Ader Lab, Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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149
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Costes V, Chaulot-Talmon A, Sellem E, Perrier JP, Aubert-Frambourg A, Jouneau L, Pontlevoy C, Hozé C, Fritz S, Boussaha M, Le Danvic C, Sanchez MP, Boichard D, Schibler L, Jammes H, Jaffrézic F, Kiefer H. Predicting male fertility from the sperm methylome: application to 120 bulls with hundreds of artificial insemination records. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:54. [PMID: 35477426 PMCID: PMC9047354 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicting results regarding alterations to sperm DNA methylation in cases of spermatogenesis defects, male infertility and poor developmental outcomes have been reported in humans. Bulls used for artificial insemination represent a relevant model in this field, as the broad dissemination of bull semen considerably alleviates confounding factors and enables the precise assessment of male fertility. This study was therefore designed to assess the potential for sperm DNA methylation to predict bull fertility. RESULTS A unique collection of 100 sperm samples was constituted by pooling 2-5 ejaculates per bull from 100 Montbéliarde bulls of comparable ages, assessed as fertile (n = 57) or subfertile (n = 43) based on non-return rates 56 days after insemination. The DNA methylation profiles of these samples were obtained using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. After excluding putative sequence polymorphisms, 490 fertility-related differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) were identified, most of which were hypermethylated in subfertile bulls. Interestingly, 46 genes targeted by DMCs are involved in embryonic and fetal development, sperm function and maturation, or have been related to fertility in genome-wide association studies; five of these were further analyzed by pyrosequencing. In order to evaluate the prognostic value of fertility-related DMCs, the sperm samples were split between training (n = 67) and testing (n = 33) sets. Using a Random Forest approach, a predictive model was built from the methylation values obtained on the training set. The predictive accuracy of this model was 72% on the testing set and 72% on individual ejaculates collected from an independent cohort of 20 bulls. CONCLUSION This study, conducted on the largest set of bull sperm samples so far examined in epigenetic analyses, demonstrated that the sperm methylome is a valuable source of male fertility biomarkers. The next challenge is to combine these results with other data on the same sperm samples in order to improve the quality of the model and better understand the interplay between DNA methylation and other molecular features in the regulation of fertility. This research may have potential applications in human medicine, where infertility affects the interaction between a male and a female, thus making it difficult to isolate the male factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Costes
- INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.,R&D Department, ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, 75012, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aurélie Chaulot-Talmon
- INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Eli Sellem
- INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.,R&D Department, ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Perrier
- INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Aubert-Frambourg
- INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Charline Pontlevoy
- INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Chris Hozé
- R&D Department, ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, 75012, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sébastien Fritz
- R&D Department, ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, 75012, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mekki Boussaha
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Sanchez
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Didier Boichard
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Hélène Jammes
- INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Florence Jaffrézic
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Hélène Kiefer
- INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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150
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Ludt A, Ustjanzew A, Binder H, Strauch K, Marini F. Interactive and Reproducible Workflows for Exploring and Modeling RNA-seq Data with pcaExplorer, Ideal, and GeneTonic. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e411. [PMID: 35467799 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The generation and interpretation of results from transcriptome profiling experiments via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) can be a complex task. While raw data quality control, alignment, and quantification can be streamlined via efficient algorithms that can deliver the preprocessed expression matrix, a common bottleneck in the analysis of such large datasets is the subsequent in-depth, iterative processes of data exploration, statistical testing, visualization, and interpretation. Specific tools for these workflow steps are available but require a level of technical expertise which might be prohibitive for life and clinical scientists, who are left with essential pieces of information distributed among different tabular and list formats. Our protocols are centered on the joint use of our Bioconductor packages (pcaExplorer, ideal, GeneTonic) for interactive and reproducible workflows. All our packages provide an interactive and accessible experience via Shiny web applications, while still documenting the steps performed with RMarkdown as a framework to guarantee the reproducibility of the analyses, reducing the overall time to generate insights from the data at hand. These protocols guide readers through the essential steps of Exploratory Data Analysis, statistical testing, and functional enrichment analyses, followed by integration and contextualization of results. In our packages, the core elements are linked together in interactive widgets that make drill-down tasks efficient by viewing the data at a level of increased detail. Thanks to their interoperability with essential classes and gold-standard pipelines implemented in the open-source Bioconductor project and community, these protocols will permit complex tasks in RNA-seq data analysis, combining interactivity and reproducibility for following modern best scientific practices and helping to streamline the discovery process for transcriptome data. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Exploratory Data Analysis with pcaExplorer Basic Protocol 2: Differential Expression Analysis with ideal Basic Protocol 3: Interpretation of RNA-seq results with GeneTonic Support Protocol: Downloading and installing pcaExplorer, ideal, and GeneTonic Alternate Protocol: Using functions from pcaExplorer, ideal, and GeneTonic in custom analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekathrin Ludt
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Division Statistical Genomics and Bioinformatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arsenij Ustjanzew
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Division Statistical Genomics and Bioinformatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBI), Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Division Statistical Genomics and Bioinformatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Division Statistical Genomics and Bioinformatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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