101
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Kemp JA, Kwon YJ. Cancer nanotechnology: current status and perspectives. NANO CONVERGENCE 2021; 8:34. [PMID: 34727233 PMCID: PMC8560887 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-021-00282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Modern medicine has been waging a war on cancer for nearly a century with no tangible end in sight. Cancer treatments have significantly progressed, but the need to increase specificity and decrease systemic toxicities remains. Early diagnosis holds a key to improving prognostic outlook and patient quality of life, and diagnostic tools are on the cusp of a technological revolution. Nanotechnology has steadily expanded into the reaches of cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, diagnostics, and imaging, demonstrating the capacity to augment each and advance patient care. Nanomaterials provide an abundance of versatility, functionality, and applications to engineer specifically targeted cancer medicine, accurate early-detection devices, robust imaging modalities, and enhanced radiotherapy adjuvants. This review provides insights into the current clinical and pre-clinical nanotechnological applications for cancer drug therapy, diagnostics, imaging, and radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Kemp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Young Jik Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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102
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Lei S, Zheng R, Zhang S, Wang S, Chen R, Sun K, Zeng H, Zhou J, Wei W. Global patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality: A population-based cancer registry data analysis from 2000 to 2020. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1183-1194. [PMID: 34399040 PMCID: PMC8626596 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide but has patterns and trends which vary in different countries. This study aimed to evaluate the global patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality and analyze its temporal trends for breast cancer prevention and control. METHODS Breast cancer incidence and mortality data in 2020 were obtained from the GLOBOCAN online database. Continued data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Time Trends, the International Agency for Research on cancer mortality and China National Central Cancer Registry were used to analyze the time trends from 2000 to 2015 through Joinpoint regression, and annual average percent changes of breast cancer incidence and mortality were calculated. Association between Human Development Index and breast cancer incidence and mortality were estimated by linear regression. RESULTS There were approximately 2.3 million new breast cancer cases and 685,000 breast cancer deaths worldwide in 2020. Its incidence and mortality varied among countries, with the age-standardized incidence ranging from the highest of 112.3 per 100,000 population in Belgium to the lowest of 35.8 per 100,000 population in Iran, and the age-standardized mortality from the highest of 41.0 per 100,000 population in Fiji to the lowest of 6.4 per 100,000 population in South Korea. The peak age of breast cancer in some Asian and African countries were over 10 years earlier than in European or American countries. As for the trends of breast cancer, the age-standardized incidence rates significantly increased in China and South Korea but decreased in the United States of America (USA) during 2000-2012. Meanwhile, the age-standardized mortality rates significantly increased in China and South Korea but decreased in the United Kingdom, the USA, and Australia during 2000 and 2015. CONCLUSIONS The global burden of breast cancer is rising fast and varies greatly among countries. The incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer increased rapidly in China and South Korea but decreased in the USA. Increased health awareness, effective prevention strategies, and improved access to medical treatment are extremely important to curb the snowballing breast cancer burden, especially in the most affected countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyuan Lei
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021P. R. China
| | - Rongshou Zheng
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021P. R. China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021P. R. China
| | - Shaoming Wang
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021P. R. China
| | - Ru Chen
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021P. R. China
| | - Kexin Sun
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zeng
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Zhou
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021P. R. China
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anShaanxi710061P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021P. R. China
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103
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Huber M, Kepesidis KV, Voronina L, Fleischmann F, Fill E, Hermann J, Koch I, Milger-Kneidinger K, Kolben T, Schulz GB, Jokisch F, Behr J, Harbeck N, Reiser M, Stief C, Krausz F, Zigman M. Infrared molecular fingerprinting of blood-based liquid biopsies for the detection of cancer. eLife 2021; 10:68758. [PMID: 34696827 PMCID: PMC8547961 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent omics analyses of human biofluids provide opportunities to probe selected species of biomolecules for disease diagnostics. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy investigates the full repertoire of molecular species within a sample at once. Here, we present a multi-institutional study in which we analysed infrared fingerprints of plasma and serum samples from 1639 individuals with different solid tumours and carefully matched symptomatic and non-symptomatic reference individuals. Focusing on breast, bladder, prostate, and lung cancer, we find that infrared molecular fingerprinting is capable of detecting cancer: training a support vector machine algorithm allowed us to obtain binary classification performance in the range of 0.78-0.89 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]), with a clear correlation between AUC and tumour load. Intriguingly, we find that the spectral signatures differ between different cancer types. This study lays the foundation for high-throughput onco-IR-phenotyping of four common cancers, providing a cost-effective, complementary analytical tool for disease recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinus Huber
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Laser Physics, Garching, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ), Laboratory for Attosecond Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - Kosmas V Kepesidis
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Laser Physics, Garching, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ), Laboratory for Attosecond Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - Liudmila Voronina
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Laser Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - Frank Fleischmann
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Laser Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - Ernst Fill
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ), Laboratory for Attosecond Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Hermann
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Laser Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - Ina Koch
- Asklepios Biobank for Lung Diseases, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, DZL, Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Milger-Kneidinger
- University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Internal Medicine V, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kolben
- University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCLMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald B Schulz
- University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Urology, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich Jokisch
- University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Urology, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Internal Medicine V, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCLMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reiser
- University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Clinical Radiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Stief
- University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Urology, Munich, Germany
| | - Ferenc Krausz
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Laser Physics, Garching, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ), Laboratory for Attosecond Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - Mihaela Zigman
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Laser Physics, Garching, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ), Laboratory for Attosecond Physics, Garching, Germany
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104
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Circulating exosomal miRNAs and cancer early diagnosis. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:393-406. [PMID: 34524618 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are small non-coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs), which can affect recognition of homologous sequences and interfere with transcription. It plays key roles in the initiation, development, resistance, metastasis or recurrence of cancers. Identifying circulatory indicators will positively improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients with early cancer. Previous studies have shown that miRNA is highly involved in cancer. In addition, miRNA derived from cancers can be encapsulated as exosomes and further extracted into circulatory systems to realize malignant functions. It indicates that circulating exosome-derived miRNAs have the potential to replace conventional biomarkers as cancer derived exosomes carrying miRNAs can be identified by specific markers and might be more stable and accurate for early diagnosis.
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Bonelli LA, Calabrese M, Belli P, Corcione S, Losio C, Montemezzi S, Pediconi F, Petrillo A, Zuiani C, Camera L, Carbonaro LA, Cozzi A, De Falco Alfano D, Gristina L, Panzeri M, Poirè I, Schiaffino S, Tosto S, Trecate G, Trimboli RM, Valdora F, Viganò S, Sardanelli F. MRI versus Mammography plus Ultrasound in Women at Intermediate Breast Cancer Risk: Study Design and Protocol of the MRIB Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091635. [PMID: 34573983 PMCID: PMC8469187 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In women at high/intermediate lifetime risk of breast cancer (BC-LTR), contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) added to mammography ± ultrasound (MX ± US) increases sensitivity but decreases specificity. Screening with MRI alone is an alternative and potentially more cost-effective strategy. Here, we describe the study protocol and the characteristics of enrolled patients for MRIB feasibility, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, which aims to compare MRI alone versus MX+US in women at intermediate breast cancer risk (aged 40-59, with a 15-30% BC-LTR and/or extremely dense breasts). Two screening rounds per woman were planned in ten centers experienced in MRI screening, the primary endpoint being the rate of cancers detected in the 2 arms after 5 years of follow-up. From July 2013 to November 2015, 1254 women (mean age 47 years) were enrolled: 624 were assigned to MX+US and 630 to MRI. Most of them were aged below 50 (72%) and premenopausal (45%), and 52% used oral contraceptives. Among postmenopausal women, 15% had used hormone replacement therapy. Breast and/or ovarian cancer in mothers and/or sisters were reported by 37% of enrolled women, 79% had extremely dense breasts, and 41% had a 15-30% BC-LTR. The distribution of the major determinants of breast cancer risk profiles (breast density and family history of breast and ovarian cancer) of enrolled women varied across centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigina Ada Bonelli
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-5558502
| | - Massimo Calabrese
- Unit of Diagnostic Senology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.T.); (F.V.)
| | - Paolo Belli
- Department of Radiological, Radiotherapic and Hematological Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Stefano Corcione
- Breast Imaging Unit, Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.A.)
| | - Claudio Losio
- Unit of Senology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy; (C.L.); (M.P.)
| | - Stefania Montemezzi
- Unit of Radiology BT, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy; (S.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Federica Pediconi
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Università degli Studi “La Sapienza”, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Antonella Petrillo
- Radiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Chiara Zuiani
- Institute of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria “Santa Maria della Misericordia”, Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Lucia Camera
- Unit of Radiology BT, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy; (S.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Luca Alessandro Carbonaro
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (L.A.C.); (S.S.); (F.S.)
- Department of Radiology, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milano, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Cozzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.C.); (R.M.T.)
| | - Daniele De Falco Alfano
- Breast Imaging Unit, Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.A.)
- Mammography Center, Radiology Unit, Policlinico Sant’Orsola–Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Licia Gristina
- Unit of Diagnostic Senology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.T.); (F.V.)
| | - Marta Panzeri
- Unit of Senology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy; (C.L.); (M.P.)
| | - Ilaria Poirè
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Simone Schiaffino
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (L.A.C.); (S.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Simona Tosto
- Unit of Diagnostic Senology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.T.); (F.V.)
| | - Giovanna Trecate
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.T.); (S.V.)
| | - Rubina Manuela Trimboli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.C.); (R.M.T.)
- Breast Imaging and Screening Unit, Department of Radiology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Valdora
- Unit of Diagnostic Senology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.T.); (F.V.)
| | - Sara Viganò
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.T.); (S.V.)
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (L.A.C.); (S.S.); (F.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.C.); (R.M.T.)
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106
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Jatoi I, Pinsky PF. Breast Cancer Screening Trials: Endpoints and Overdiagnosis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:1131-1135. [PMID: 32898241 PMCID: PMC8633447 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening mammography was assessed in 9 randomized trials initiated between 1963 and 1990, with breast cancer-specific mortality as the primary endpoint. In contrast, breast cancer detection has been the primary endpoint in most screening trials initiated during the past decade. These trials have evaluated digital breast tomosynthesis, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound, and novel screening strategies have been recommended solely on the basis of improvements in breast cancer detection rates. Yet, the assumption that increases in tumor detection produce reductions in cancer mortality has not been validated, and tumor-detection endpoints may exacerbate the problem of overdiagnosis. Indeed, the detection of greater numbers of early stage breast cancers in the absence of a subsequent decline in rates of metastatic cancers and cancer-related mortality is the hallmark of overdiagnosis. There is now evidence to suggest that both ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive cancers are overdiagnosed as a consequence of screening. For each patient who is overdiagnosed with breast cancer, the adverse consequences include unnecessary anxiety, financial hardships, and a small risk of morbidity and mortality from unnecessary treatments. Moreover, the overtreatment of breast cancer, as a consequence of overdiagnosis, is costly and contributes to waste in health-care spending. In this article, we argue that there is a need to establish better endpoints in breast cancer screening trials, including quality of life and composite endpoints. Tumor-detection endpoints should be abandoned, because they may lead to the implementation of screening strategies that increase the risk of overdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Jatoi
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Paul F Pinsky
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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107
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Huang P, Tan X, Zhou X, Liu S, Mercaldo F, Santone A. FABNet: Fusion Attention Block and Transfer Learning for Laryngeal cancer Tumor Grading in P63 IHC Histopathology Images. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 26:1696-1707. [PMID: 34469320 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2021.3108999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Laryngeal cancer tumor (LCT) grading is a challenging task in P63 Immunohistochemical (IHC) histopathology images due to small differences between LCT levels in pathology images, the lack of precision in lesion regions of interest (LROIs) and the paucity of LCT pathology image samples. The key to solving the LCT grading problem is to transfer knowledge from other images and to identify more accurate LROIs, but the following problems occur: 1) transferring knowledge without a priori experience often causes negative transfer and creates a heavy workload due to the abundance of image types, and 2) convolutional neural networks (CNNs) constructing deep models by stacking cannot sufficiently identify LROIs, often deviate significantly from the LROIs focused on by experienced pathologists, and are prone to providing misleading second opinions. So we propose a novel fusion attention block network (FABNet) to address these problems. First, we propose a model transfer method based on clinical a priori experience and sample analysis (CPESA) that analyzes the transfer ability by integrating clinical a priori experience using indicators such as the relationship between the cancer onset location and morphology and the texture and staining degree of cell nuclei in histopathology images; our method further validates these indicators by the probability distribution of cancer image samples. Then, we propose a fusion attention block (FAB) structure, which can both provide an advanced non-uniform sparse representation of images and extract spatial relationship information between nuclei; consequently, the LROI can be more accurate and more relevant to pathologists. We conducted extensive experiments, compared with the best Baseline model, the classification accuracy is improved 25%, and It is demonstrated that FABNet performs better on different cancer pathology image datasets and outperforms other state of the art (SOTA) models.
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108
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Bredno J, Lipson J, Venn O, Aravanis AM, Jamshidi A. Clinical correlates of circulating cell-free DNA tumor fraction. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256436. [PMID: 34432811 PMCID: PMC8386888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncology applications of cell-free DNA analysis are often limited by the amount of circulating tumor DNA and the fraction of cell-free DNA derived from tumor cells in a blood sample. This circulating tumor fraction varies widely between individuals and cancer types. Clinical factors that influence tumor fraction have not been completely elucidated. METHODS AND FINDINGS Circulating tumor fraction was determined for breast, lung, and colorectal cancer participant samples in the first substudy of the Circulating Cell-free Genome Atlas study (CCGA; NCT02889978; multi-cancer early detection test development) and was related to tumor and patient characteristics. Linear models were created to determine the influence of tumor size combined with mitotic or metabolic activity (as tumor mitotic volume or excessive lesion glycolysis, respectively), histologic type, histologic grade, and lymph node status on tumor fraction. For breast and lung cancer, tumor mitotic volume and excessive lesion glycolysis (primary lesion volume scaled by percentage positive for Ki-67 or PET standardized uptake value minus 1.0, respectively) were the only statistically significant covariates. For colorectal cancer, the surface area of tumors invading beyond the subserosa was the only significant covariate. The models were validated with cases from the second CCGA substudy and show that these clinical correlates of circulating tumor fraction can predict and explain the performance of a multi-cancer early detection test. CONCLUSIONS Prognostic clinical variables, including mitotic or metabolic activity and depth of invasion, were identified as correlates of circulating tumor DNA by linear models that relate clinical covariates to tumor fraction. The identified correlates indicate that faster growing tumors have higher tumor fractions. Early cancer detection from assays that analyze cell-free DNA is determined by circulating tumor fraction. Results support that early detection is particularly sensitive for faster growing, aggressive tumors with high mortality, many of which have no available screening today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Bredno
- GRAIL, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States of America
| | - Jafi Lipson
- GRAIL, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States of America
| | - Oliver Venn
- GRAIL, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States of America
| | | | - Arash Jamshidi
- GRAIL, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States of America
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109
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Wang Q, Wei N, Guo J, Feng K, Wong YK, Zhang J, Wang J, Sun X. Hemin-lipid assembly as an artemisinin oral delivery system for enhanced cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:13231-13240. [PMID: 34477731 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01302e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although artemisinin (ART) has shown initial promise in cancer therapy, its therapeutic efficacy is limited by its low tumor inhibitory efficacy and unfavorable distribution. Considering the important role of heme in the specific parasite-killing effect of ART, we designed a liposomal nanostructure self-assembled from hemin-lipid (Hemesome) to co-deliver ART and hemin for cancer therapy. The synergistic chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic effects of hemin and ART were demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. The liposome-like structure was relatively stable in the blood circulation and gastrointestinal tract environment, but dissociated in the tumor cell environment. The folic acid (FA) modification not only increased their efficiency for transport across the epithelium, but also increased their tumor accumulation. In mouse models, following oral administration of FA-Hemesome-ART nanoparticles (5 mg kg-1 ART in total) every other day and intraperitoneal injection with a programmed death-ligand 1 antibody (aPD-L1, 70 μg per mouse in total), MC38 tumors were completely inhibited within 30 days. The cured mice remained tumor-free 30 days after rechallenging them with another inoculation of MC38 cells due to the strong immune memory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Chen N, Zheng Q, Wan G, Guo F, Zeng X, Shi P. Impact of posttranslational modifications in pancreatic carcinogenesis and treatments. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:739-759. [PMID: 34342796 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive cancer, with a 9% 5-year survival rate and a high risk of recurrence. In part, this is because PC is composed of heterogeneous subgroups with different biological and functional characteristics and personalized anticancer treatments are required. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play an important role in modifying protein functions/roles and are required for the maintenance of cell viability and biological processes; thus, their dysregulation can lead to disease. Different types of PTMs increase the functional diversity of the proteome, which subsequently influences most aspects of normal cell biology or pathogenesis. This review primarily focuses on ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and NEDDylation, as well as the current understanding of their roles and molecular mechanisms in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Additionally, we briefly summarize studies and clinical trials on PC treatments to advance our knowledge of drugs available to target the ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and NEDDylation PTM types. Further investigation of PTMs could be a critical field of study in relation to PC, as they have been implicated in the initiation and progression of many other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianhong Chen
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2Nd Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518037, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Cell Biology & University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Qiaoqiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Wan
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2Nd Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518037, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2Nd Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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111
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Chen X, Dong Z, Hubbell E, Kurtzman KN, Oxnard GR, Venn O, Melton C, Clarke CA, Shaknovich R, Ma T, Meixiong G, Seiden MV, Klein EA, Fung ET, Liu MC. Prognostic Significance of Blood-Based Multi-cancer Detection in Plasma Cell-Free DNA. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4221-4229. [PMID: 34088722 PMCID: PMC9401481 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We recently reported the development of a cell-free DNA (cfDNA) targeted methylation (TM)-based sequencing approach for a multi-cancer early detection (MCED) test that includes cancer signal origin prediction. Here, we evaluated the prognostic significance of cancer detection by the MCED test using longitudinal follow-up data. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN As part of a Circulating Cell-free Genome Atlas (CCGA) substudy, plasma cfDNA samples were sequenced using a TM approach, and machine learning classifiers predicted cancer status and cancer signal origin. Overall survival (OS) of cancer participants in the first 3 years of follow-up was evaluated in relation to cancer detection by the MCED test and clinical characteristics. RESULTS Cancers not detected by the MCED test had significantly better OS (P < 0.0001) than cancers detected, even after accounting for other covariates, including clinical stage and method of clinical diagnosis (i.e., standard-of-care screening or clinical presentation with signs/symptoms). Additionally, cancers not detected by the MCED test had better OS than was expected when data were adjusted for age, stage, and cancer type from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. In cancers with current screening options, the MCED test also differentiated more aggressive cancers from less aggressive cancers (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Cancer detection by the MCED test was prognostic beyond clinical stage and method of diagnosis. Cancers not detected by the MCED test had better prognosis than cancers detected and SEER-based expected survival. Cancer detection and prognosis may be linked by the underlying biological factor of tumor fraction in cfDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ting Ma
- GRAIL, Inc., Menlo Park, California
| | | | | | - Eric A. Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Minetta C. Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Corresponding Author: Minetta C. Liu, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Phone: (507) 284-2511; E-mail:
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112
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PolyG-DS: An ultrasensitive polyguanine tract-profiling method to detect clonal expansions and trace cell lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023373118. [PMID: 34330826 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023373118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyguanine tracts (PolyGs) are short guanine homopolymer repeats that are prone to accumulating mutations when cells divide. This feature makes them especially suitable for cell lineage tracing, which has been exploited to detect and characterize precancerous and cancerous somatic evolution. PolyG genotyping, however, is challenging because of the inherent biochemical difficulties in amplifying and sequencing repetitive regions. To overcome this limitation, we developed PolyG-DS, a next-generation sequencing (NGS) method that combines the error-correction capabilities of duplex sequencing (DS) with enrichment of PolyG loci using CRISPR-Cas9-targeted genomic fragmentation. PolyG-DS markedly reduces technical artifacts by comparing the sequences derived from the complementary strands of each original DNA molecule. We demonstrate that PolyG-DS genotyping is accurate, reproducible, and highly sensitive, enabling the detection of low-frequency alleles (<0.01) in spike-in samples using a panel of only 19 PolyG markers. PolyG-DS replicated prior results based on PolyG fragment length analysis by capillary electrophoresis, and exhibited higher sensitivity for identifying clonal expansions in the nondysplastic colon of patients with ulcerative colitis. We illustrate the utility of this method for resolving the phylogenetic relationship among precancerous lesions in ulcerative colitis and for tracing the metastatic dissemination of ovarian cancer. PolyG-DS enables the study of tumor evolution without prior knowledge of tumor driver mutations and provides a tool to perform cost-effective and easily scalable ultra-accurate NGS-based PolyG genotyping for multiple applications in biology, genetics, and cancer research.
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113
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Dunne EC, Quinn EM, Stokes M, Barry JM, Kell M, Flanagan F, Kennedy MM, Walsh SM. Upgrade rates and outcomes of screen-detected atypical intraductal epithelial proliferation (AIDEP) diagnosed on core needle biopsy. Breast Dis 2021; 40:155-160. [PMID: 33749633 DOI: 10.3233/bd-201031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atypical intraductal epithelial proliferation (AIDEP) is a breast lesion categorised as "indeterminate" if identified on core needle biopsy (CNB). The rate at which these lesions are upgraded following diagnostic excision varies in the literature. Women diagnosed with AIDEP are thought to be at increased risk of breast cancer. Our aim was to identify the rate of upgrade to invasive or in situ carcinoma in a group of patients diagnosed with AIDEP on screening mammography and to quantify their risk of subsequent breast cancer. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database containing all patients diagnosed with AIDEP on CNB between 2005 and 2012 in an Irish breast screening centre. Basic demographic data was collected along with details of the original CNB result, rate of upgrade to carcinoma and details of any subsequent cancer diagnoses. RESULTS In total 113 patients were diagnosed with AIDEP on CNB during the study period. The upgrade rate on diagnostic excision was 28.3% (n = 32). 6.2% (n = 7) were upgraded to invasive cancer and 22.1% (n = 25) to DCIS. 81 patients were not upgraded on diagnostic excision and were offered 5 years of annual mammographic surveillance. 9.88% (8/81) of these patients went on to receive a subsequent diagnosis of malignancy. The mean time to diagnosis of these subsequent cancers was 65.41 months (range 20.18-145.21). CONCLUSION Our data showing an upgrade rate of 28% to carcinoma reflects recently published data and we believe it supports the continued practice of excising AIDEP to exclude co-existing carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Dunne
- Department of Breast Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edel M Quinn
- Department of Breast Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maurice Stokes
- Department of Breast Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John M Barry
- Department of Breast Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Malcolm Kell
- Department of Breast Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fidelma Flanagan
- Department of Breast Radiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret M Kennedy
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siun M Walsh
- Department of Breast Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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114
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Qiu C, Wang B, Wang P, Wang X, Ma Y, Dai L, Shi J, Wang K, Sun G, Ye H, Zhang J. Identification of novel autoantibody signatures and evaluation of a panel of autoantibodies in breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3388-3400. [PMID: 34115421 PMCID: PMC8353906 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAAb) could be serological tumor markers. This study aims to discover novel TAAb signatures for breast cancer (BC) detection. The protein microarray was used to identify candidate TAAb, which were further validated in 1197 sera from BC, benign breast diseases (BD), and healthy controls (HC) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, 319 preoperative and postoperative sera were evaluated. A panel was determined using four different classifiers. Twelve TAAb were identified with frequencies of 15.8%-59.2%; their levels were significantly decreased in postoperative sera compared to those in preoperative sera (P < .05). A panel with six TAAb was developed and evaluated. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.879 (74.3% sensitivity, 91.9% specificity) and 0.865 (69.7% sensitivity, 91.7% specificity) for distinguishing BC from HC in the training set and test set, respectively. The panel had an AUC of .884 (71.2% sensitivity, 90.5% specificity) for discriminating BC from BD. For identifying BC from all controls (HC+BD), the AUC was .916 (78.9% sensitivity, 90.2% specificity). The AUC of the panel was .920 and .934 for distinguishing stage I-II and age < 50 BC from HC, respectively. These identified TAAb have the potential to provide a non-invasive approach to detect BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuipeng Qiu
- BGI College & Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- BGI College & Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Dai
- BGI College & Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- BGI College & Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keyan Wang
- BGI College & Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guiying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- BGI College & Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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115
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Raoof S, Kennedy CJ, Wallach DA, Bitton A, Green RC. Molecular cancer screening: in search of evidence. Nat Med 2021; 27:1139-1142. [PMID: 34211183 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Raoof
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Asaf Bitton
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA, USA
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116
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Zhang X, Zheng H, Hua B. Reply. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:375-377. [PMID: 33831381 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baojin Hua
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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117
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Yang A, Zhou Y, Kong Y, Wei X, Ye F, Zhang L, Zhong X, Li M, Lu S, An X, Xiao W. Identification and Validation of Immune-Related Methylation Clusters for Predicting Immune Activity and Prognosis in Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:704557. [PMID: 34276701 PMCID: PMC8278823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of DNA methylation of breast cancer-infiltrating immune cells has not been fully explored. We conducted a cohort-based retrospective study analyzing the genome-wide immune-related DNA methylation of 1057 breast cancer patients from the TCGA cohort and GSE72308 cohort. Based on patients' overall survival (OS), a prognostic risk score system using 18 immune-related methylation genes (IRMGs) was established and further validated in an independent cohort. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a clear separation of OS between the low- and high-risk groups. Patients in the low-risk group had a higher immune score and stromal score compared with the high-risk group. Moreover, the characteristics based on 18-IRMGs signature were related to the tumor immune microenvironment and affected the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Consistently, the 18-IRMGs signatures showed similar influences on immune modulation and survival in another external validation cohort (GSE72308). In conclusion, the proposed 18-IRMGs signature could be a potential marker for breast cancer prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anli Yang
- Department of Breast Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Endemic Disease Control, Haizhu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Kong
- Department of Breast Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Breast Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Breast Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhong
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shilin Lu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin An
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weikai Xiao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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118
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Xi J, Huang Y, Chen J, Zhang J, Gao L, Fan L, Qian X. Artesunate-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/polydopamine-manganese oxides nanoparticles as an oxidase mimic for tumor chemo-catalytic therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:72-81. [PMID: 33771546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional tumor chemotherapy is limited by its low therapeutic efficacy and side effects, which severely hold back its further application as a first-line agent in clinic. To improve the cure efficacy of cancer, nanozyme with enzyme-like activity has now been extensively investigated as a new strategy for tumor treatment. Herein, an anti-tumor platform based on manganese oxides (MnOx) modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)@polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles (PP-MnOx NPs) as an oxidase mimic was developed. PP-MnOx NPs could not only produce abundant reactive oxygen species to inhibit tumor growth taking advantage of their oxidase-like activity, but also encapsulate and release antitumor drug (artesunate) to function as chemotherapy, achieving remarkable synergistic chemo-catalytic therapeutic effects. As an oxidase mimics, PP-MnOx NPs induced the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, down-regulation of Bcl-2, as well as activation of Bax and Caspase-3, demonstrating that the apoptosis triggered by PP-MnOx NPs was mediated via mitochondrial pathways. Importantly, the artesunate in PP-MnOx NPs further promoted this apoptosis. In addition, Mn ions released from PP-MnOx NPs facilitated the tumor-microenvironment-specific T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Taken together, this study well clarifies the antitumor mechanism of artesunate-loaded PP-MnOx NPs and offer a synergistic chemo-catalytic strategy for tumor theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juqun Xi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yaling Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China.
| | - Xiaodong Qian
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China.
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119
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Saha A, Hosseinzadeh M, Huisman H. End-to-end prostate cancer detection in bpMRI via 3D CNNs: Effects of attention mechanisms, clinical priori and decoupled false positive reduction. Med Image Anal 2021; 73:102155. [PMID: 34245943 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2021.102155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a multi-stage 3D computer-aided detection and diagnosis (CAD) model2 for automated localization of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in bi-parametric MR imaging (bpMRI). Deep attention mechanisms drive its detection network, targeting salient structures and highly discriminative feature dimensions across multiple resolutions. Its goal is to accurately identify csPCa lesions from indolent cancer and the wide range of benign pathology that can afflict the prostate gland. Simultaneously, a decoupled residual classifier is used to achieve consistent false positive reduction, without sacrificing high sensitivity or computational efficiency. In order to guide model generalization with domain-specific clinical knowledge, a probabilistic anatomical prior is used to encode the spatial prevalence and zonal distinction of csPCa. Using a large dataset of 1950 prostate bpMRI paired with radiologically-estimated annotations, we hypothesize that such CNN-based models can be trained to detect biopsy-confirmed malignancies in an independent cohort. For 486 institutional testing scans, the 3D CAD system achieves 83.69±5.22% and 93.19±2.96% detection sensitivity at 0.50 and 1.46 false positive(s) per patient, respectively, with 0.882±0.030 AUROC in patient-based diagnosis -significantly outperforming four state-of-the-art baseline architectures (U-SEResNet, UNet++, nnU-Net, Attention U-Net) from recent literature. For 296 external biopsy-confirmed testing scans, the ensembled CAD system shares moderate agreement with a consensus of expert radiologists (76.69%; kappa = 0.51±0.04) and independent pathologists (81.08%; kappa = 0.56±0.06); demonstrating strong generalization to histologically-confirmed csPCa diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindo Saha
- Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands.
| | - Matin Hosseinzadeh
- Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Henkjan Huisman
- Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
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Klein EA, Richards D, Cohn A, Tummala M, Lapham R, Cosgrove D, Chung G, Clement J, Gao J, Hunkapiller N, Jamshidi A, Kurtzman KN, Seiden MV, Swanton C, Liu MC. Clinical validation of a targeted methylation-based multi-cancer early detection test using an independent validation set. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:1167-1177. [PMID: 34176681 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A multi-cancer early detection (MCED) test used to complement existing screening could increase the number of cancers detected through population screening, potentially improving clinical outcomes. The Circulating Cell-free Genome Atlas study (CCGA; NCT02889978) was a prospective, case-controlled, observational study and demonstrated that a blood-based MCED test utilizing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing in combination with machine learning could detect cancer signals across multiple cancer types and predict cancer signal origin (CSO) with high accuracy. The objective of this third and final CCGA substudy was to validate an MCED test version further refined for use as a screening tool. PATIENTS AND METHODS This pre-specified substudy included 4077 participants in an independent validation set (cancer: n = 2823; non-cancer: n = 1254, non-cancer status confirmed at year-one follow-up). Specificity, sensitivity, and CSO prediction accuracy were measured. RESULTS Specificity for cancer signal detection was 99.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 99.0% to 99.8%]. Overall sensitivity for cancer signal detection was 51.5% (49.6% to 53.3%); sensitivity increased with stage [stage I: 16.8% (14.5% to 19.5%), stage II: 40.4% (36.8% to 44.1%), stage III: 77.0% (73.4% to 80.3%), stage IV: 90.1% (87.5% to 92.2%)]. Stage I-III sensitivity was 67.6% (64.4% to 70.6%) in 12 pre-specified cancers that account for approximately two-thirds of annual USA cancer deaths and was 40.7% (38.7% to 42.9%) in all cancers. Cancer signals were detected across >50 cancer types. Overall accuracy of CSO prediction in true positives was 88.7% (87.0% to 90.2%). CONCLUSION In this pre-specified, large-scale, clinical validation substudy, the MCED test demonstrated high specificity and accuracy of CSO prediction and detected cancer signals across a wide diversity of cancers. These results support the feasibility of this blood-based MCED test as a complement to existing single-cancer screening tests. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT02889978.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.
| | | | - A Cohn
- The US Oncology Network, Denver, USA
| | - M Tummala
- Mercy Clinic Cancer Center, Springfield, USA
| | - R Lapham
- Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System, Spartanburg, USA
| | | | - G Chung
- The Christ Hospital Health Network, Cincinnati, USA
| | - J Clement
- Hartford HealthCare Cancer Institute, Hartford, USA
| | - J Gao
- GRAIL, Inc., Menlo Park, USA
| | | | | | | | - M V Seiden
- US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, USA
| | - C Swanton
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
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Muzumdar S, Lin G, Kerr P, Grant-Kels JM. Evidence concerning the accusation that melanoma is overdiagnosed. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 85:841-846. [PMID: 34116095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in the United States and is responsible for the majority of deaths from skin cancer. OBJECTIVE Since the 1970s, the incidence of melanoma has risen appreciably while melanoma-specific mortality has remained stable. This has raised a debate about potential overdiagnosis of melanoma. Herein, we review temporal trends in melanoma incidence and mortality and explore factors that may contribute to observed trends, including an aging population in the United States, ultraviolet exposure, increased numbers of biopsies by dermatologists and physician extenders, skin cancer screenings, histopathology criteria, and historic underdiagnosis. Additionally, we discuss melanoma overdiagnosis and the extent to which it may contribute to current trends. METHODS The literature was reviewed. RESULTS Several factors may contribute to an increased incidence of melanoma, including an aging population, ultraviolet exposure, increased skin biopsies, skin cancer screenings, histopathologic criteria, historic underdiagnosis, and current overdiagnosis. LIMITATIONS Further studies are required to determine exactly which tumors are being overdiagnosed, and how to improve patient outcomes with adjustment to physician's practice. CONCLUSION The rise in the incidence of melanoma observed since the 1970s is likely multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Muzumdar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Gloria Lin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Philip Kerr
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut; University of Florida Dermatology Department, Gainesville, Florida.
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Shao L, Liu Z, Yan Y, Liu J, Ye X, Xia H, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Chen H, He W, Liu C, Lu M, Huang Y, Sun K, Zhou X, Yang G, Lu J, Tian J. Patient-level Prediction of Multi-classification Task at Prostate MRI based on End-to-End Framework learning from Diagnostic Logic of Radiologists. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 68:3690-3700. [PMID: 34014820 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3082176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The grade groups (GGs) of Gleason scores (Gs) is the most critical indicator in the clinical diagnosis and treatment system of prostate cancer. End-to-end method for stratifying the patient-level pathological appearance of prostate cancer (PCa) in magnetic resonance (MRI) are of high demand for clinical decision. Existing methods typically employ a statistical method for integrating slice-level results to a patient-level result, which ignores the asymmetric use of ground truth (GT) and overall optimization. Therefore, more domain knowledge (e.g. diagnostic logic of radiologists) needs to be incorporated into the design of the framework. The patient-level GT is necessary to be logically assigned to each slice of a MRI to achieve joint optimization between slice-level analysis and patient-level decision-making. In this paper, we propose a framework (PCa-GGNet-v2) that learns from radiologists to capture signs in a separate two-dimensional (2-D) space of MRI and further associate them for the overall decision, where all steps are optimized jointly in an end-to-end trainable way. In the training phase, patient-level prediction is transferred from weak supervision to supervision with GT. An association route records the attentional slice for reweighting loss of MRI slices and interpretability. We evaluate our method in an in-house multi-center dataset (N=570) and PROSTATEx (N=204), which yields five-classification accuracy over 80% and AUC of 0.804 at patient-level respectively. Our method reveals the state-of-the-art performance for patient-level multi-classification task to personalized medicine.
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Chen Y, Zhou Z, Zhou Y, Wu X, Xiao Y, Ji Z, Li H, Yan W. Development and internal validation of a prediction model of prostate cancer on initial transperineal template-guided prostate biopsy. BMC Urol 2021; 21:68. [PMID: 33892696 PMCID: PMC8063345 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the invasiveness of prostate biopsy, a prediction model of the individual risk of a positive biopsy result could be helpful to guide clinical decision-making. Most existing models are based on transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsy. On the other hand, transperineal template-guided prostate biopsy (TTPB) has been reported to be more accurate in evaluating prostate cancer. The objective of this study is to develop a prediction model of the detection of high-grade prostate cancer (HGPC) on initial TTPB. Result A total of 1352 out of 3794 (35.6%) patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer, 848 of whom had tumour with Grade Group 2–5. Age, PSA, PV, DRE and f/t PSA are independent predictors of HGPC with p < 0.001. The model showed good discrimination ability (c-index 0.886) and calibration during internal validation and good clinical performance was observed through decision curve analysis. The external validation of CPCC-RC, an existing model, demonstrated that models based on TRUS-guided biopsy may underestimate the risk of HGPC in patients who underwent TTPB. Conclusion We established a prediction model which showed good discrimination ability and calibration in predicting the detection of HGPC by initial TTPB. This model can be used to aid clinical decision making for Chinese patients and other Asian populations with similar genomic backgrounds, after external validations are conducted to further confirm its clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Chen
- The Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhien Zhou
- The Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xingcheng Wu
- The Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- The Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhigang Ji
- The Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hanzhong Li
- The Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Weigang Yan
- The Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Nordgård O, Brendsdal Forthun R, Lapin M, Grønberg BH, Kalland KH, Kopperud RK, Thomsen LCV, Tjensvoll K, Gilje B, Gjertsen BT, Hovland R. Liquid Biopsies in Solid Cancers: Implementation in a Nordic Healthcare System. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081861. [PMID: 33924696 PMCID: PMC8069797 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We here review liquid biopsy methods and their use in the diagnostics and treatment of patients with solid cancers. More specifically, circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, and their current and future clinical applications are considered. Important factors for further integration of liquid biopsy methods in clinical practice are discussed, with a special focus on a Nordic Healthcare system. Abstract Liquid biopsies have emerged as a potential new diagnostic tool, providing detailed information relevant for characterization and treatment of solid cancers. We here present an overview of current evidence supporting the clinical relevance of liquid biopsy assessments. We also discuss the implementation of liquid biopsies in clinical studies and their current and future clinical role, with a special reference to the Nordic healthcare systems. Our considerations are restricted to the most established liquid biopsy specimens: circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTC). Both ctDNA and CTCs have been used for prognostic stratification, treatment choices, and treatment monitoring in solid cancers. Several recent publications also support the role of ctDNA in early cancer detection. ctDNA seems to provide more robust clinically relevant information in general, whereas CTCs have the potential to answer more basic questions related to cancer biology and metastasis. Epidermal growth factor receptor-directed treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer represents a clinical setting where ctDNA already has entered the clinic. The role of liquid biopsies in treatment decisions, standardization of methods, diagnostic performance and the need for further research, as well as cost and regulatory issues were identified as factors that influence further integration in the clinic. In conclusion, substantial evidence supports the clinical utility of liquid biopsies in cancer diagnostics, but further research is still required for a more general application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oddmund Nordgård
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway; (M.L.); (K.T.); (B.G.)
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Rakel Brendsdal Forthun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (R.B.F.); (R.H.)
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Morten Lapin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway; (M.L.); (K.T.); (B.G.)
| | - Bjørn Henning Grønberg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
- Department of Oncology, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karl Henning Kalland
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (K.H.K.); (R.K.K.); (L.C.V.T.); (B.T.G.)
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Reidun Kristin Kopperud
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (K.H.K.); (R.K.K.); (L.C.V.T.); (B.T.G.)
| | - Liv Cecilie Vestrheim Thomsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (K.H.K.); (R.K.K.); (L.C.V.T.); (B.T.G.)
| | - Kjersti Tjensvoll
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway; (M.L.); (K.T.); (B.G.)
| | - Bjørnar Gilje
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway; (M.L.); (K.T.); (B.G.)
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (K.H.K.); (R.K.K.); (L.C.V.T.); (B.T.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Randi Hovland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (R.B.F.); (R.H.)
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Hatano K, Fujita K. Extracellular vesicles in prostate cancer: a narrative review. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:1890-1907. [PMID: 33968677 PMCID: PMC8100827 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been remarkable progress in prostate cancer biomarker discovery using urine- and blood-based assays. A liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure to investigate the cancer-related molecules in circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Liquid biopsies have the advantage of detecting heterogeneity as well as acquired resistance in cancer. EVs are cell-derived vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer and contain various molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. In patients with cancer, EVs derived from tumors can be isolated from urine, plasma, and serum. The advances in isolation techniques provide the opportunity to use EVs as biomarkers in the clinic. Emerging evidence suggests that EVs can be useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, especially high-grade cancer. EVs can also be potent biomarkers for the prediction of disease progression in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). EVs shed from cancer and stromal cells are involved in the development of tumor microenvironments, enhancing cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Here, we provide an overview of the use of EVs for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer as well as for predicting disease progression. We also discuss the biological function of EVs, which regulate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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Liu B, Zhao N, Zhou Y, Lu Y, Chen W, Huang Z, Wang D, Xu Y, Wai Ping Yam J, Cui Y. Circular RNA circ_ABCB10 in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 518:93-100. [PMID: 33746018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA), a newly discovered type of endogenous noncoding RNA, has become a focus and hotspot in biological research in recent years. It exists widely and possesses a stable structure, is highly conserved and has cell-specific expression. circRNA is associated with disease occurence in general and cancer specifically due to its role in cell differentiation, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Recently, circ_ABCB10, an increasingly studied member of the annular RNA family, has attracted considerable attention due to the fact that its expression is upregulated in various tumors, ie, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and glioma, and may be of prognostic value. Molecular regulation and mechanism of circ_ABCB10 action in cancer are reviewed and its potential as a molecular marker and novel target for diagnosis and treatment are explored..
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yuanshi Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yuxuan Lu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Wangming Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ziyue Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China; Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam 999077, China.
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam 999077, China.
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China.
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Khanna U, Galimberti F, Li Y, Fernandez AP. Dermatomyositis and malignancy: should all patients with dermatomyositis undergo malignancy screening? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:432. [PMID: 33842653 PMCID: PMC8033297 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune disease that occurs in association with underlying malignancy in a subset of patients. Given this association, diagnosis of dermatomyositis typically triggers malignancy screening. Although various malignancy screening protocols have been proposed, none have been extensively studied or taken into account prevalence of dermatomyositis-associated malignancies. We utilized peer-reviewed manuscripts identified by a Medline search from May 2000 to April 2020 to present a focused review concerning the association between dermatomyositis and malignancy, and controversies related to screening for malignancies most commonly occurring in dermatomyositis patients. This information was then synthesized to propose a rational strategy for approaching malignancy screening in dermatomyositis patients. Our review supports that risk of malignancy in dermatomyositis patients is well-established. However, the subset of dermatomyositis patients in whom the benefits of malignancy screening outweigh the risks of harm is unknown. Additionally, an evidence-based malignancy screening protocol for dermatomyositis patients that optimizes the risk:benefit ratio does not exist. Given the clear harms that can result, we propose that shared decision-making strategies be implemented to determine whether pursuit of malignancy screening conforms with dermatomyositis patients’ desires and values. Physicians should be clear about potential risks and benefits of malignancy screening, and discuss clinical and serologic features present that may suggest/refute underlying malignancy during conversations aimed at shared decision-making. Research is greatly needed to determine which dermatomyositis patients warrant malignancy screening, which tests should be performed, and the intensity with which they should be ordered. Only after such work is done can malignancy screening in dermatomyositis patients be considered to have high value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmi Khanna
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fabrizio Galimberti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anthony P Fernandez
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Esmaeili M, Ayyoubzadeh SM, Javanmard Z, R Niakan Kalhori S. A systematic review of decision aids for mammography screening: Focus on outcomes and characteristics. Int J Med Inform 2021; 149:104406. [PMID: 33640838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Decision Aid systems (DAs) provide information on the pros and cons of mammography. This study aimed to review the research on mammography DAs, synthesize the findings related to their outcomes and characteristics, and address the existed research gap. METHODS Relevant studies were identified through a comprehensive search on some e-databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science in August 2020; by searching the keywords of "Breast cancer", "Screening", and "Decision aid systems" as well as their synonyms in the titles and abstracts of the papers with no time limits. Among the selected English journal papers with the interventional study design, those measuring outcome values of using mammography DAs were recognized as eligible for being included in this review. RESULTS The systematic search results in 16 DAs regarding mammography that were designed and then evaluated from 18 selected studies. The results showed that DAs provide improvements in knowledge and informed choice, the decreased decisional conflicts and decisional confidence, almost without changing any attitude towards mammography, mammography participation rates, psychological issues, anticipated regret, and perceived risk of breast cancer. The DAs' effects on women's inclination to screening were divergent. In other words, the DAs affect individuals' inclination in rare cases; however, on occasion, they could affect women's decision to undergo screening. CONCLUSION DAs could correct the bias attached to the existing knowledge on mammography and breast cancer in women so that they are more likely to make a precise decision. Additionally, it might be of central importance in shared decision-making and assisting health providers, in order to promote the quality of care. Accordingly, performing more studies is needed to develop more professional DAs in various countries with different facilities, cultures, and languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Esmaeili
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Javanmard
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health Information Technology, Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Sharareh R Niakan Kalhori
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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129
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Turanli B, Yildirim E, Gulfidan G, Arga KY, Sinha R. Current State of "Omics" Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:127. [PMID: 33672926 PMCID: PMC7918884 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal malignancies and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths related to late diagnosis, poor survival rates, and high incidence of metastasis. Unfortunately, pancreatic cancer is predicted to become the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the future. Therefore, diagnosis at the early stages of pancreatic cancer for initial diagnosis or postoperative recurrence is a great challenge, as well as predicting prognosis precisely in the context of biomarker discovery. From the personalized medicine perspective, the lack of molecular biomarkers for patient selection confines tailored therapy options, including selecting drugs and their doses or even diet. Currently, there is no standardized pancreatic cancer screening strategy using molecular biomarkers, but CA19-9 is the most well known marker for the detection of pancreatic cancer. In contrast, recent innovations in high-throughput techniques have enabled the discovery of specific biomarkers of cancers using genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics, and metagenomics. Panels combining CA19-9 with other novel biomarkers from different "omics" levels might represent an ideal strategy for the early detection of pancreatic cancer. The systems biology approach may shed a light on biomarker identification of pancreatic cancer by integrating multi-omics approaches. In this review, we provide background information on the current state of pancreatic cancer biomarkers from multi-omics stages. Furthermore, we conclude this review on how multi-omics data may reveal new biomarkers to be used for personalized medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beste Turanli
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.T.); (E.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Esra Yildirim
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.T.); (E.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Gizem Gulfidan
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.T.); (E.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.T.); (E.Y.); (G.G.)
- Turkish Institute of Public Health and Chronic Diseases, 34718 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Raghu Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Noë M, Hong SM, Wood LD, Thompson ED, Roberts NJ, Goggins MG, Klein AP, Eshleman JR, Kern SE, Hruban RH. Pancreatic cancer pathology viewed in the light of evolution. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:661-674. [PMID: 33555482 PMCID: PMC8556193 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One way to understand ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (pancreatic cancer) is to view it as unimaginably large numbers of evolving living organisms interacting with their environment. This “evolutionary view” creates both expected and surprising perspectives in all stages of neoplastic progression. Advances in the field will require greater attention to this critical evolutionary prospective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Noë
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Carnegie 415, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Laura D Wood
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Carnegie 415, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Thompson
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Carnegie 415, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Nicholas J Roberts
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Carnegie 415, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Michael G Goggins
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Carnegie 415, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Alison P Klein
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Carnegie 415, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - James R Eshleman
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Carnegie 415, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Scott E Kern
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Carnegie 415, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Carnegie 415, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Katanoda K, Hori M, Saito E, Shibata A, Ito Y, Minami T, Ikeda S, Suzuki T, Matsuda T. Updated Trends in Cancer in Japan: Incidence in 1985-2015 and Mortality in 1958-2018-A Sign of Decrease in Cancer Incidence. J Epidemiol 2021; 31:426-450. [PMID: 33551387 PMCID: PMC8187612 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unlike many North American and European countries, Japan has observed a continuous increase in cancer incidence over the last few decades. We examined the most recent trends in population-based cancer incidence and mortality in Japan. Methods National cancer mortality data between 1958 and 2018 were obtained from published vital statistics. Cancer incidence data between 1985 and 2015 were obtained from high-quality population-based cancer registries maintained by three prefectures (Yamagata, Fukui, and Nagasaki). Trends in age-standardized rates (ASR) were examined using Joinpoint regression analysis. Results For males, all-cancer incidence increased between 1985 and 1996 (annual percent change [APC] +1.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7–1.5%), increased again in 2000–2010 (+1.3%; 95% CI, 0.9–1.8%), and then decreased until 2015 (−1.4%; 95% CI, −2.5 to −0.3%). For females, all-cancer incidence increased until 2010 (+0.8%; 95% CI, 0.6–0.9% in 1985–2004 and +2.4%; 95% CI, 1.3–3.4% in 2004–2010), and stabilized thereafter until 2015. The post-2000 increase was mainly attributable to prostate in males and breast in females, which slowed or levelled during the first decade of the 2000s. After a sustained increase, all-cancer mortality for males decreased in 1996–2013 (−1.6%; 95% CI, −1.6 to −1.5%) and accelerated thereafter until 2018 (−2.5%; 95% CI, −2.9 to −2.0%). All-cancer mortality for females decreased intermittently throughout the observation period, with the most recent APC of −1.0% (95% CI, −1.1 to −0.9%) in 2003–2018. The recent decreases in mortality in both sexes, and in incidence in males, were mainly attributable to stomach, liver, and male lung cancers. Conclusion The ASR of all-cancer incidence began decreasing significantly in males and levelled off in females in 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Katanoda
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center
| | - Megumi Hori
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center
| | - Eiko Saito
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center
| | - Akiko Shibata
- Center for Cancer Registries, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center
| | - Yuri Ito
- Department of Medical Statistics, Research & Development Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tetsuji Minami
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center
| | - Sayaka Ikeda
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center.,Department of Society and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Tomohiro Matsuda
- Center for Cancer Registries, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center
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Guan W, Tan L, Liu X, Cui Z, Zheng Y, Yeung KWK, Zheng D, Liang Y, Li Z, Zhu S, Wang X, Wu S. Ultrasonic Interfacial Engineering of Red Phosphorous-Metal for Eradicating MRSA Infection Effectively. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006047. [PMID: 33349987 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is considered to be a potential treatment for various diseases including cancers and bacterial infections due to its deep penetration ability and biosafety, but its SDT efficiency is limited by the hypoxia environment of deep tissues. This study proposes creating a potential solution, sonothermal therapy, by developing the ultrasonic interfacial engineering of metal-red phosphorus (RP), which has an obviously improved sonothermal ability of more than 20 °C elevation under 25 min of continuous ultrasound (US) excitation as compared to metal alone. The underlying mechanism is that the mechanical energy of the US activates the motion of the interfacial electrons. US-induced electron motion in the RP can efficiently transfer the US energy into phonons in the forms of heat and lattice vibrations, resulting in a stronger US absorption of metal-RP. Unlike the nonspecific heating of the cavitation effect induced by US, titanium-RP can be heated in situ when the US penetrates through 2.5 cm of pork tissue. In addition, through a sonothermal treatment in vivo, bone infection induced by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is successfully eliminated in under 20 min of US without tissue damage. This work provides a new strategy for combating MRSA by strong sonothermal therapy through US interfacial engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- College of Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kelvin Wai Kwok Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Dong Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yanqin Liang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shengli Zhu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Klotz L. Overdiagnosis in urologic cancer : For World Journal of Urology Symposium on active surveillance in prostate and renal cancer. World J Urol 2021; 40:1-8. [PMID: 33492425 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-020-03523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, which historically was diagnosed at late and incurable stages, has expanded to a heterogeneous group of conditions that vary from clinically insignificant to rapidly aggressive and lethal. This evolution is due to the widespread use of screening tests for early detection of cancer, both directed (i.e., PSA, mammography, colonoscopy) and undirected (abdominal imaging). The use of these tests has resulted in both benefits and harms. The benefits are a reduction in survival and mortality, due to significant cancers being diagnosed at a more curable stage. The harms are an increase, in some cases dramatic, in the diagnosis of clinically insignificant disease. These are called 'cancer' but not destined to affect the patient's life, even in the absence of treatment. METHODS Non-explicit summary of the literature on overdiagnosis of cancer. RESULTS The phenomenon of overdiagnosis requires two factors: the presence of a common reservoir of microfocal disease and a screening test to find it. These factors exist for breast, prostate, skin, renal, and thyroid cancers, and to a lesser degree for lung cancer. The problem of cancer overdiagnosis and overtreatment is complex, with numerous etiologies and many tradeoffs. It is a particular problem in prostate cancer but is a major issue in many other cancer sites. Screening for prostate cancer based on the best data from prospective randomized trials significantly reduces cancer mortality. However, reducing overtreatment in patients diagnosed with indolent disease is critical to the success of screening. CONCLUSION Active surveillance, the focus of this series of articles, is an important strategy to reduce overtreatment. This article reviews the pathological, clinical, social, and psychological aspects of overdiagnosis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Klotz
- Division of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Ave. #MG408, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
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Pirlog R, Cismaru A, Nutu A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Field Cancerization in NSCLC: A New Perspective on MicroRNAs in Macrophage Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020746. [PMID: 33451052 PMCID: PMC7828565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is currently the first cause of cancer-related death. The major lung cancer subtype is non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), which accounts for approximatively 85% of cases. The major carcinogenic associated with lung cancer is tobacco smoke, which produces long-lasting and progressive damage to the respiratory tract. The progressive and diffuse alterations that occur in the respiratory tract of patients with cancer and premalignant lesions have been described as field cancerization. At the level of tumor cells, adjacent tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancerized field are taking place dynamic interactions through direct cell-to-cell communication or through extracellular vesicles. These molecular messages exchanged between tumor and nontumor cells are represented by proteins, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). In this paper, we analyze the miRNA roles in the macrophage polarization at the level of TME and cancerized field in NSCLC. Identifying molecular players that can influence the phenotypic states at the level of malignant cells, tumor microenvironment and cancerized field can provide us new insights into tumor regulatory mechanisms that can be further modulated to restore the immunogenic capacity of the TME. This approach could revert alterations in the cancerized field and could enhance currently available therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Pirlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.N.)
- Department of Morphological Sciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Cismaru
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.N.)
- Department of Functional Sciences, Immunology and Allergology, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Nutu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.N.)
- The Functional Genomics Department, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-743-111-800
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Piña-Sánchez P, Chávez-González A, Ruiz-Tachiquín M, Vadillo E, Monroy-García A, Montesinos JJ, Grajales R, Gutiérrez de la Barrera M, Mayani H. Cancer Biology, Epidemiology, and Treatment in the 21st Century: Current Status and Future Challenges From a Biomedical Perspective. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211038735. [PMID: 34565215 PMCID: PMC8481752 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211038735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the second half of the 20th century, our knowledge about the biology of cancer has made extraordinary progress. Today, we understand cancer at the genomic and epigenomic levels, and we have identified the cell that starts neoplastic transformation and characterized the mechanisms for the invasion of other tissues. This knowledge has allowed novel drugs to be designed that act on specific molecular targets, the immune system to be trained and manipulated to increase its efficiency, and ever more effective therapeutic strategies to be developed. Nevertheless, we are still far from winning the war against cancer, and thus biomedical research in oncology must continue to be a global priority. Likewise, there is a need to reduce unequal access to medical services and improve prevention programs, especially in countries with a low human development index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Piña-Sánchez
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | | | - Martha Ruiz-Tachiquín
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vadillo
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | - Alberto Monroy-García
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | - Rocío Grajales
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | - Marcos Gutiérrez de la Barrera
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
- Clinical Research Division, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | - Hector Mayani
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
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136
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Kaliszewski K, Diakowska D, Rzeszutko M, Nowak Ł, Aporowicz M, Wojtczak B, Sutkowski K, Rudnicki J. Risk factors of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma that predispose patients to local recurrence. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244930. [PMID: 33382852 PMCID: PMC7775061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, less aggressive treatment or even active surveillance of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is widely accepted and recommended as a therapeutic management option. However, there are some concerns about these approaches. We investigated whether there are any demographic, clinical and ultrasound characteristics of PTMC patients that are easy to obtain and clinically available before surgery to help clinicians make proper therapeutic decisions. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of 5,021 patients with thyroid tumors surgically treated in one center in 2008-2018. Finally, 182 (3.62%) PTMC patients were selected (158 (86.8%) females and 24 (13.2%) males, mean age 48.8±15.4 years). We analyzed the disease-free survival (DFS) time of the PTMC patients according to demographic and histopathological parameters. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationships of demographic, clinical and ultrasound characteristics with aggressive histopathological features. RESULTS Age ≥55 years, hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications, irregular tumor shape, smooth margins and high vascularity significantly increased the risk for minimal extrathyroidal extension (minETE), lymph node metastasis (LNM), and capsular and vascular invasion (p<0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant risk of LNM (OR = 5.98, 95% CI: 2.32-15.38, p = 0.0002) and trends toward significantly higher rates of minETE and capsular and vascular invasion (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 0.97-5.19, p = 0.056) in patients ≥55 years than in their younger counterparts. The DFS time was significantly shorter in patients ≥55 years (p = 0.015), patients with minETE and capsular and vascular invasion (p = 0.001 for all), patients with tumor size >5 mm (p = 0.021), and patients with LNM (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The absence of microcalcifications, irregular tumor shape, blunt margins, hypoechogenicity and high vascularity in PTMC patients below 55 years and with tumor diameters below 5 mm may allow clinicians to select individuals with a low risk of local recurrence so that they can receive less aggressive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kaliszewski
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Dorota Diakowska
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Rzeszutko
- Department of Pathomorphology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Nowak
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Aporowicz
- Department of Surgery Didactics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Wojtczak
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sutkowski
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Rudnicki
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Crichton DJ, Altinok A, Amos CI, Anton K, Cinquini L, Colbert M, Feng Z, Goel A, Kelly S, Kincaid H, Liu D, Lombeyda S, Mahabal A, Mishra A, Patriotis C, Srivastava S. Cancer Biomarkers and Big Data: A Planetary Science Approach. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:757-760. [PMID: 32976775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer biomarker research has become a data-intensive discipline requiring innovative approaches for data analysis that can combine traditional and data-driven methods. Significant leveraging can be done transferring methodologies and capabilities across scientific disciplines, such as planetary science and astronomy, each of which are grappling with and developing similar solutions for the analysis of massive scientific data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Crichton
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Alphan Altinok
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kristen Anton
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Luca Cinquini
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Maureen Colbert
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ziding Feng
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Sean Kelly
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Heather Kincaid
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - David Liu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | - Ashish Mahabal
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Asitang Mishra
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
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Avanzini S, Kurtz DM, Chabon JJ, Moding EJ, Hori SS, Gambhir SS, Alizadeh AA, Diehn M, Reiter JG. A mathematical model of ctDNA shedding predicts tumor detection size. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc4308. [PMID: 33310847 PMCID: PMC7732186 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Early cancer detection aims to find tumors before they progress to an incurable stage. To determine the potential of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for cancer detection, we developed a mathematical model of tumor evolution and ctDNA shedding to predict the size at which tumors become detectable. From 176 patients with stage I to III lung cancer, we inferred that, on average, 0.014% of a tumor cell's DNA is shed into the bloodstream per cell death. For annual screening, the model predicts median detection sizes of 2.0 to 2.3 cm representing a ~40% decrease from the current median detection size of 3.5 cm. For informed monthly cancer relapse testing, the model predicts a median detection size of 0.83 cm and suggests that treatment failure can be detected 140 days earlier than with imaging-based approaches. This mechanistic framework can help accelerate clinical trials by precomputing the most promising cancer early detection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Avanzini
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - David M Kurtz
- Division of Oncology, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jacob J Chabon
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Everett J Moding
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sharon Seiko Hori
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ash A Alizadeh
- Division of Oncology, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Johannes G Reiter
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Barba D, León-Sosa A, Lugo P, Suquillo D, Torres F, Surre F, Trojman L, Caicedo A. Breast cancer, screening and diagnostic tools: All you need to know. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103174. [PMID: 33249359 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies among women worldwide. Methods for screening and diagnosis allow health care professionals to provide personalized treatments that improve the outcome and survival. Scientists and physicians are working side-by-side to develop evidence-based guidelines and equipment to detect cancer earlier. However, the lack of comprehensive interdisciplinary information and understanding between biomedical, medical, and technology professionals makes innovation of new screening and diagnosis tools difficult. This critical review gathers, for the first time, information concerning normal breast and cancer biology, established and emerging methods for screening and diagnosis, staging and grading, molecular and genetic biomarkers. Our purpose is to address key interdisciplinary information about these methods for physicians and scientists. Only the multidisciplinary interaction and communication between scientists, health care professionals, technical experts and patients will lead to the development of better detection tools and methods for an improved screening and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Barba
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ariana León-Sosa
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paulina Lugo
- Hospital de los Valles HDLV, Quito, Ecuador; Fundación Ayuda Familiar y Comunitaria AFAC, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Suquillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Ingeniería en Procesos Biotecnológicos, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fernando Torres
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Hospital de los Valles HDLV, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Frederic Surre
- University of Glasgow, James Watt School of Engineering, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lionel Trojman
- LISITE, Isep, 75006, Paris, France; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías Politécnico - USFQ, Instituto de Micro y Nanoelectrónica, IMNE, USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.
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Wu H, Zhang XY, Niu M, Li FF, Gao S, Wei W, Li SW, Zhang XD, Liu SL, Pang D. Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation in Proteomic Analysis of Potential Biomarkers in Invasive Cancer, Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, and Mammary Fibroadenoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:574552. [PMID: 33194682 PMCID: PMC7640741 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.574552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast malignancy is a serious threat to women's health around the world. Following the rapid progress in the field of cancer diagnostics and identification of pathological markers, breast tumor treatment methods have been greatly improved. However, for invasive, ductal carcinomas and mammary fibroadenoma, there is an urgent demand for better breast tumor-linked biomarkers. The current study was designed to identify diagnostic and/or therapeutic protein biomarkers for breast tumors. METHODS A total of 140 individuals were included, comprising 35 healthy women, 35 invasive breast cancers (IBC), 35 breast ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS), and 35 breast fibroadenoma patients. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomic analysis was employed to characterize differentially expressed proteins for potential biomarkers in IBC, DCIS, and fibroadenomas by comparisons with their matched adjacent tissues and/or normal breast tissues. The public databases Metascape and String were used for bioinformatic analyses. RESULTS Using the proteomics approach, we identified differentially expressed proteins in tissues of different breast tumors compared to normal/adjacent breast tissues, including 100 in IBC, 52 in DCIS, and 44 in fibroadenoma. Among the 100 IBC differentially expressed proteins, 37 were found to be specific to this type of cancer only. Additionally, four proteins were specifically expressed in DCIS and four in fibroadenoma. Compared to corresponding adjacent tissues and normal breast tissues, 18 step-changing proteins were differentially expressed in IBC, 14 in DCIS, and 13 in fibroadenoma, respectively. Compared to DCIS and normal breast tissues, 65 proteins were differentially expressed in IBC with growing levels of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS The identified potential protein biomarkers may be used as diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets in breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Genomics Research Center, College of Pharmacy, State-Province Laboratory of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xian-Yu Zhang
- Genomics Research Center, College of Pharmacy, State-Province Laboratory of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Niu
- Genomics Research Center, College of Pharmacy, State-Province Laboratory of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Fei-Feng Li
- Genomics Research Center, College of Pharmacy, State-Province Laboratory of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Song Gao
- Genomics Research Center, College of Pharmacy, State-Province Laboratory of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Genomics Research Center, College of Pharmacy, State-Province Laboratory of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Si-Wei Li
- Genomics Research Center, College of Pharmacy, State-Province Laboratory of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xing-Da Zhang
- Genomics Research Center, College of Pharmacy, State-Province Laboratory of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Genomics Research Center, College of Pharmacy, State-Province Laboratory of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Da Pang
- Genomics Research Center, College of Pharmacy, State-Province Laboratory of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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141
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Anaikutti P, Makam P. Dual active 1, 4-dihydropyridine derivatives: Design, green synthesis and in vitro anti-cancer and anti-oxidant studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104379. [PMID: 33113411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the design of 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) with diverse variations in structural and functional groups. The physico-chemical properties and drug-like molecule nature evaluations were carried out using SWISSADME. A simple, economical, eco-friendly, water-mediated and Para-Toluene sulfonic acid catalysed multicomponent and one-pot synthetic method from nitroketene N, S- acetals (NMSM) and corresponding aldehydes has been developed. All compounds (6a-u and 13a-h) were subjected to in vitro assays against two important human cancer cell lines Viz. are Laryngeal carcinoma (Hep2) and Lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. The reduction level of DPPH (%) used to evaluate the anti-oxidant properties. The 1,4-DHP derivatives, 6o, 6u and 6l displayed the potent anti-cancer activity with IC50 value of 10 µM, 14 µM and 10 µM against the Hep2 and 8 µM, 9 µM and 50 µM against the A549 cells. Similarly, the anti-oxidant properties of 6o, 6l and 6u at a standard concentration of 50 µg, are found to be 70.12%, 63.90% and 59.57% respectively favours the 1,4-DHP derivatives dual activity potentials. The compounds, 6o and 6l found to be equivalent with standard drug, Doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiban Anaikutti
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Anna University Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Parameshwar Makam
- Chemical Science Research Group, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411. India; Dr. Param Laboratories, Phase-1, IDA, B.N. Reddy Nagar, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, Telangana 500062, India.
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142
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Hewitt K, Son J, Glencer A, Borowsky AD, Cooperberg MR, Esserman LJ. The Evolution of Our Understanding of the Biology of Cancer Is the Key to Avoiding Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2463-2474. [PMID: 33033145 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a tremendous evolution in our thinking about cancer since the 1880s. Breast cancer is a particularly good example to evaluate the progress that has been made and the new challenges that have arisen due to screening that inadvertently identifies indolent lesions. The degree to which overdiagnosis is a problem depends on the reservoir of indolent disease, the disease heterogeneity, and the fraction of the tumors that have aggressive biology. Cancers span the spectrum of biological behavior, and population-wide screening increases the detection of tumors that may not cause harm within the patient's lifetime or may never metastasize or result in death. Our approach to early detection will be vastly improved if we understand, address, and adjust to tumor heterogeneity. In this article, we use breast cancer as a case study to demonstrate how the approach to biological characterization, diagnostics, and therapeutics can inform our approach to screening, early detection, and prevention. Overdiagnosis can be mitigated by developing diagnostics to identify indolent disease, incorporating biology and risk assessment in screening strategies, changing the pathology rules for tumor classification, and refining the way we classify precancerous lesions. The more the patterns of cancers can be seen across other cancers, the more it is clear that our approach should transcend organ of origin. This will be particularly helpful in advancing the field by changing both our terminology for what is cancer and also by helping us to learn how best to mitigate the risk of the most aggressive cancers.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible."
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hewitt
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer Son
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alexa Glencer
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.,Athena Breast Health Network
| | - Matthew R Cooperberg
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Laura J Esserman
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. .,Athena Breast Health Network
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143
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Carethers JM, Sengupta R, Blakey R, Ribas A, D'Souza G. Disparities in Cancer Prevention in the COVID-19 Era. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:893-896. [PMID: 32943438 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Screening for cancer is a proven and recommended approach to prevent deaths from cancer; screening can locate precursor lesions and/or cancer at early stages when it is potentially curable. Racial and ethnic minorities and other medically underserved populations exhibit lower uptake of cancer screening than nonminorities in the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic, which disproportionately affected minority communities, has curtailed preventive services including cancer screening to preserve personal protective equipment and prevent spread of infection. While there is evidence for a rebound from the pandemic-driven reduction in cancer screening nationally, the return may not be even across all populations, with minority population screening that was already behind becoming further behind as a result of the community ravages from COVID-19. Fear of contracting COVID-19, limited access to safety-net clinics, and personal factors like, financial, employment, and transportation issues are concerns that are intensified in medically underserved communities. Prolonged delays in cancer screening will increase cancer in the overall population from pre-COVID-19 trajectories, and elevate the cancer disparity in minority populations. Knowing the overall benefit of cancer screening versus the risk of acquiring COVID-19, utilizing at-home screening tests and keeping the COVID-19-induced delay in screening to a minimum might slow the growth of disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Carethers
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Human Genetics and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Rajarshi Sengupta
- American Association for Cancer Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rea Blakey
- Oncology Center of Excellence, Office of the Commissioner, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gypsyamber D'Souza
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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144
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Research progress on long non-coding RNAs and their roles as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:457. [PMID: 32973402 PMCID: PMC7493950 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the main causes of tumor-related deaths worldwide because of its low morbidity but extremely high mortality, and is therefore colloquially known as the "king of cancer." Sudden onset and lack of early diagnostic biomarkers directly contribute to the extremely high mortality rate of pancreatic cancer patients, and also make it indistinguishable from benign pancreatic diseases and precancerous pancreatic lesions. Additionally, the lack of effective prognostic biomarkers makes it difficult for clinicians to formulate precise follow-up strategies based on the postoperative characteristics of the patients, which results in missed early diagnosis of recurrent pancreatic cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can influence cell proliferation, invasion/migration, apoptosis, and even chemoresistance via regulation of various signaling pathways, leading to pro- or anti-cancer outcomes. Given the versatile effects of lncRNAs on tumor progression, using a single lncRNA or combination of several lncRNAs may be an effective method for tumor diagnosis and prognostic predictions. This review will give a comprehensive overview of the most recent research related to lncRNAs in pancreatic cancer progression, as targeted therapies, and as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
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145
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Gillies RJ, Schabath MB. Radiomics Improves Cancer Screening and Early Detection. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2556-2567. [PMID: 32917666 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging is a key technology in the early detection of cancers, including X-ray mammography, low-dose CT for lung cancer, or optical imaging for skin, esophageal, or colorectal cancers. Historically, imaging information in early detection schema was assessed qualitatively. However, the last decade has seen increased development of computerized tools that convert images into quantitative mineable data (radiomics), and their subsequent analyses with artificial intelligence (AI). These tools are improving diagnostic accuracy of early lesions to define risk and classify malignant/aggressive from benign/indolent disease. The first section of this review will briefly describe the various imaging modalities and their use as primary or secondary screens in an early detection pipeline. The second section will describe specific use cases to illustrate the breadth of imaging modalities as well as the benefits of quantitative image analytics. These will include optical (skin cancer), X-ray CT (pancreatic and lung cancer), X-ray mammography (breast cancer), multiparametric MRI (breast and prostate cancer), PET (pancreatic cancer), and ultrasound elastography (liver cancer). Finally, we will discuss the inexorable improvements in radiomics to build more robust classifier models and the significant limitations to this development, including access to well-annotated databases, and biological descriptors of the imaged feature data.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible."
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida. .,Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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146
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Ma J, Cheng P, Chen X, Zhou C, Zheng W. Mining of prognosis-related genes in cervical squamous cell carcinoma immune microenvironment. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9627. [PMID: 32904067 PMCID: PMC7450998 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the effective immune scoring method and mine the novel and potential immune microenvironment-related diagnostic and prognostic markers for cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSSC). Materials and Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data was downloaded and multiple data analysis approaches were initially used to search for the immune-related scoring system on the basis of Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumour tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm. Afterwards, the representative genes in the gene modules correlated with immune-related scores based on ESTIMATE algorithm were further screened using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and network topology analysis. Gene functions were mined through enrichment analysis, followed by exploration of the correlation between these genes and immune checkpoint genes. Finally, survival analysis was applied to search for genes with significant association with overall survival and external database was employed for further validation. Results The immune-related scores based on ESTIMATE algorithm was closely associated with other categories of scores, the HPV infection status, prognosis and the mutation levels of multiple CSCC-related genes (HLA and TP53). Eighteen new representative immune microenvironment-related genes were finally screened closely associated with patient prognosis and were further validated by the independent dataset GSE44001. Conclusion Our present study suggested that the immune-related scores based on ESTIMATE algorithm can help to screen out novel immune-related diagnostic indicators, therapeutic targets and prognostic predictors in CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Pu Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou, China
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147
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Lu F, Yang L, Hou T, Li F. Label-free and "signal-on" homogeneous photoelectrochemical cytosensing strategy for ultrasensitive cancer cell detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11126-11129. [PMID: 32959814 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04516k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report a label-free and "signal-on" homogeneous photoelectrochemical cytosensing system for ultrasensitive detection of cancer cells, which is a truly homogeneous PEC cytosensing system without the photoactive material immobilization and target recognition probe modification, providing a new avenue in early and accurate cancer diagnosis and clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
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148
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Jatho A, Mugisha NM, Kafeero J, Holoya G, Okuku F, Niyonzima N. Mobile cancer prevention and early detection outreach in Uganda: Partnering with communities toward bridging the cancer health disparities through "asset-based community development model". Cancer Med 2020; 9:7317-7329. [PMID: 32810394 PMCID: PMC7541131 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Communities in low‐income countries are characterized by limited access to cancer prevention and early detection services, even for the commonest types of cancer. Limited resources for cancer control are one of the contributors to cancer health disparities. We explored the feasibility and benefit of conducting outreaches in partnership with local communities using the “asset‐based community development (ABCD)” model. Methods We analyzed the quarterly Uganda cancer institute (UCI) community outreach cancer health education and screening output reported secondary data without individual identifiers from July 2016 to June 2019 to compare the UCI‐hospital‐based and community outreach cancer awareness and screening services based on the ABCD model. Results From July 2016 to June 2019, we worked with 107 local partners and conducted 151 outreaches. Of the total number of people who attended cancer health education sessions, 201 568 (77.9%) were reached through outreaches. Ninety‐two (95%) cancer awareness TVs and radio talk‐shows conducted were sponsored by local partners. Of the total people screened; 22 795 (63.0%) cervical, 22 014 (64.4%) breast, and 4904 (38.7%) prostate screening were reached through community outreach model. The screen‐positive rates were higher in hospital‐based screening except for Prostate screening; cervical, 8.8%, breast, 8.4%, prostate, 7.1% than in outreaches; cervical, 3.2%, breast, 2.2%, prostate, 8.2%. Of the screened positive clients who were eligible for precancer treatment like cryotherapy for treatment of precervical cancer lesions, thousands‐folds monetary value and productive life saved relative to the market cost of cancer treatment and survival rate in Uganda. When the total number of clients screened for cervical, breast, and prostate cancer are subjected to the incremental cost of specific screening, a greater portion (98.7%) of the outreach cost was absorbed through community partnership. Conclusions Outreaching and working in collaboration with communities as partners through asset‐based community development model are feasible and help in cost‐sharing and leverage for scarce resources to promote primary prevention and early detection of cancer. This could contribute to bridging the cancer health disparities in the target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Jatho
- National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - Fred Okuku
- Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda
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149
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Gupta P, Gupta M, Koul N. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment; how to deal with too much medicine. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3815-3819. [PMID: 33110773 PMCID: PMC7586591 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_433_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have seen medical science making rapid strides in the field of diagnostic technologies, thus making it possible to detect some conditions at a very early stage. An unwanted effect of these developments is overdiagnosis which occurs when a true abnormality is discovered, but detection of that abnormality and its treatment does not benefit the patient. Overdiagnosis is encountered as a result cancer screening, in genetic diseases and in some chronic conditions when disease definition is broadened. There is urgent need of development of evidence based decision-making tools for clinicians which will help patients understand the benefits and harms of different screening and treatment methods. And the treating physician has to play a important role to convince the patient that watchful waiting, for some of the lesions may be the best option available in some circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneeta Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Meeta Gupta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Neeraj Koul
- Department of Surgery, Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Jammu, J&K, India
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150
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Berns A, Ringborg U, Celis JE, Heitor M, Aaronson NK, Abou‐Zeid N, Adami H, Apostolidis K, Baumann M, Bardelli A, Bernards R, Brandberg Y, Caldas C, Calvo F, Dive C, Eggert A, Eggermont A, Espina C, Falkenburg F, Foucaud J, Hanahan D, Helbig U, Jönsson B, Kalager M, Karjalainen S, Kásler M, Kearns P, Kärre K, Lacombe D, de Lorenzo F, Meunier F, Nettekoven G, Oberst S, Nagy P, Philip T, Price R, Schüz J, Solary E, Strang P, Tabernero J, Voest E. Towards a cancer mission in Horizon Europe: recommendations. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1589-1615. [PMID: 32749074 PMCID: PMC7400777 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive translational cancer research approach focused on personalized and precision medicine, and covering the entire cancer research-care-prevention continuum has the potential to achieve in 2030 a 10-year cancer-specific survival for 75% of patients diagnosed in European Union (EU) member states with a well-developed healthcare system. Concerted actions across this continuum that spans from basic and preclinical research through clinical and prevention research to outcomes research, along with the establishment of interconnected high-quality infrastructures for translational research, clinical and prevention trials and outcomes research, will ensure that science-driven and social innovations benefit patients and individuals at risk across the EU. European infrastructures involving comprehensive cancer centres (CCCs) and CCC-like entities will provide researchers with access to the required critical mass of patients, biological materials and technological resources and can bridge research with healthcare systems. Here, we prioritize research areas to ensure a balanced research portfolio and provide recommendations for achieving key targets. Meeting these targets will require harmonization of EU and national priorities and policies, improved research coordination at the national, regional and EU level and increasingly efficient and flexible funding mechanisms. Long-term support by the EU and commitment of Member States to specialized schemes are also needed for the establishment and sustainability of trans-border infrastructures and networks. In addition to effectively engaging policymakers, all relevant stakeholders within the entire continuum should consensually inform policy through evidence-based advice.
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