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Yu J, Saada H, Abdallah R, Loget G, Sojic N. Luminescence Amplification at BiVO
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Photoanodes by Photoinduced Electrochemiluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15157-15160. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
| | - Hiba Saada
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226—ScanMAT-UMS2001 35000 Rennes France
| | - Rawa Abdallah
- Lebanese University EDST AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, LBA3B El Mitein Street Tripoli Lebanon
| | - Gabriel Loget
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226—ScanMAT-UMS2001 35000 Rennes France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
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102
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Yu J, Saada H, Abdallah R, Loget G, Sojic N. Luminescence Amplification at BiVO
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Photoanodes by Photoinduced Electrochemiluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
| | - Hiba Saada
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226—ScanMAT-UMS2001 35000 Rennes France
| | - Rawa Abdallah
- Lebanese University EDST AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, LBA3B El Mitein Street Tripoli Lebanon
| | - Gabriel Loget
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226—ScanMAT-UMS2001 35000 Rennes France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
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103
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Son MK, Seo H, Watanabe M, Shiratani M, Ishihara T. Characteristics of crystalline sputtered LaFeO 3 thin films as photoelectrochemical water splitting photocathodes. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9653-9660. [PMID: 32319489 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01762k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stable photoelectrochemical (PEC) operation is a critical issue for the commercialization of PEC water-splitting systems. Unfortunately, most semiconductor photocathodes generating hydrogen in these systems are unstable in aqueous solutions. This is a huge limitation for the development of durable PEC water-splitting systems. Lanthanum iron oxide (LaFeO3) is a promising p-type semiconductor to overcome this drawback because of its stability in an aqueous solution and its proper energy level for reducing water. In this study, we fabricated a crystalline LaFeO3 thin film by radio frequency magnetron sputtering deposition and a post-annealing process in air for use as a PEC photocathode. Based on the morphological, compositional, optical and electronic characterizations, we found that it was ideal for a visible light-responsive PEC photocathode and tandem PEC water-splitting system with a small band gap absorber behind it. Furthermore, it showed stable PEC performance in a strong alkaline solution during PEC operation without any protection layers. Therefore, the crystalline sputtered LaFeO3 thin film suggested in this study would be feasible to apply as a PEC photocathode for durable, simple and low-cost PEC water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyu Son
- Molecular Photoconversion Devices Research Division, International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research(I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. and Center of Plasma Nano-interface Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hyunwoong Seo
- Department of Energy Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Motonori Watanabe
- Molecular Photoconversion Devices Research Division, International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research(I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Masaharu Shiratani
- Center of Plasma Nano-interface Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan and Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsumi Ishihara
- Molecular Photoconversion Devices Research Division, International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research(I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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104
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Lee H, Yang W, Tan J, Park J, Shim SG, Park YS, Yun JW, Kim KM, Moon J. High-Performance Phase-Pure SnS Photocathodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Obtained via Molecular Ink-Derived Seed-Assisted Growth of Nanoplates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15155-15166. [PMID: 32167272 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although tin monosulfide (SnS) is one of the promising earth-abundant semiconducting materials for photoelectrochemical water splitting, the performance of SnS photocathodes remains poor. Herein, we report a stepwise approach for the fabrication of highly efficient photocathodes based on SnS nanoplates via elaborate modulation of molecular solutions. It is demonstrated that phase-pure SnS nanoplates without detrimental secondary phases (such as SnS2 and Sn2S3) can be readily obtained by adjusting the amounts of Sn and S in the precursor solution. Additionally, the orientation of SnS nanoplates is controlled by implementing different types of SnS seed layers. The orientations of the SnS seed layers are changed according to the molecular shapes of the Sn-S bonds in the molecular solutions, depending on the relative nucleophilicity of the molecular moieties formed by specific thiol-amine reactions. The molecular Sn-S sheets in the seed ink was obtained by the reaction in a solvent mixture of thiogylcolic acid and ethanolamine. By contrast, the short Sn-S molecular rods result from the reaction in a solvent mixture of 2-mercaptoethanol and ethylenediamine. Interestingly, the relatively short rodlike morphology of the SnS seed induces the growth of SnS nanostructures faceted by preferred (111) and (101) planes, leading to fast charge transport. With the formation of a proper band alignment with n-type CdS and TiO2, the preferred (111)- and (101)-oriented SnS nanoplate-based photocathode exhibited a photocurrent density of -19 mA cm-2 at 0 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode, establishing a new benchmark for SnS photocathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeiwan Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gi Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Won Yun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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105
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Cushing SK, Porter IJ, de Roulet BR, Lee A, Marsh BM, Szoke S, Vaida ME, Leone SR. Layer-resolved ultrafast extreme ultraviolet measurement of hole transport in a Ni-TiO 2-Si photoanode. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay6650. [PMID: 32284972 PMCID: PMC7124930 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide semiconductor junctions are central to most electronic and optoelectronic devices, but ultrafast measurements of carrier transport have been limited to device-average measurements. Here, charge transport and recombination kinetics in each layer of a Ni-TiO2-Si junction is measured using the element specificity of broadband extreme ultraviolet (XUV) ultrafast pulses. After silicon photoexcitation, holes are inferred to transport from Si to Ni ballistically in ~100 fs, resulting in characteristic spectral shifts in the XUV edges. Meanwhile, the electrons remain on Si. After picoseconds, the transient hole population on Ni is observed to back-diffuse through the TiO2, shifting the Ti spectrum to a higher oxidation state, followed by electron-hole recombination at the Si-TiO2 interface and in the Si bulk. Electrical properties, such as the hole diffusion constant in TiO2 and the initial hole mobility in Si, are fit from these transient spectra and match well with values reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K. Cushing
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ilana J. Porter
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bethany R. de Roulet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Angela Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Brett M. Marsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Szilard Szoke
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mihai E. Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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106
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A Comparative Study of (Cd,Zn)S Buffer Layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 Solar Panels Fabricated by Chemical Bath and Surface Deposition Methods. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13071622. [PMID: 32244710 PMCID: PMC7178398 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Scale-up to large-area Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar panels is proving to be much more complicated than expected. Particularly, the non-vacuum wet-chemical buffer layer formation step has remained a challenge and has acted as a bottleneck in industrial implementations for mass-production. This technical note deals with the comparative analysis of the impact on different methodologies for the buffer layer formation on CIGS solar panels. Cd(1-x)ZnxS ((Cd,Zn)S) thin films were prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD), and chemical surface deposition (CSD) for 24-inch (37 cm × 47 cm) patterned CIGS solar panel applications. Buffer layers deposited by the CBD method showed a higher Zn addition level and transmittance than those prepared by the CSD technique due to the predominant cluster-by-cluster growth mechanism, and this induced a difference in the solar cell performance, consequently. The CIGS panels with (Cd,Zn)S buffer layer formed by the CBD method showed a 0.5% point higher conversion efficiency than that of panels with a conventional CdS buffer layer, owing to the increased current density and open-circuit voltage. The samples with the CSD (Cd,Zn)S buffer layer also increased the conversion efficiency with 0.3% point than conventional panels, but mainly due to the increased fill factor.
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107
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Bae D, Kanellos G, Wedege K, Dražević E, Bentien A, Smith WA. Tailored energy level alignment at MoOX/GaP interface for solar-driven redox flow battery application. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:124710. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5136252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dowon Bae
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Gerasimos Kanellos
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Wedege
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aabogade 40, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Emil Dražević
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aabogade 40, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Bentien
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aabogade 40, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Wilson A. Smith
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629HZ, The Netherlands
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108
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Welden R, Schöning MJ, Wagner PH, Wagner T. Light-Addressable Electrodes for Dynamic and Flexible Addressing of Biological Systems and Electrochemical Reactions. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20061680. [PMID: 32192226 PMCID: PMC7147159 DOI: 10.3390/s20061680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, we are going to present an overview on possible applications of light-addressable electrodes (LAE) as actuator/manipulation devices besides classical electrode structures. For LAEs, the electrode material consists of a semiconductor. Illumination with a light source with the appropiate wavelength leads to the generation of electron-hole pairs which can be utilized for further photoelectrochemical reaction. Due to recent progress in light-projection technologies, highly dynamic and flexible illumination patterns can be generated, opening new possibilities for light-addressable electrodes. A short introduction on semiconductor–electrolyte interfaces with light stimulation is given together with electrode-design approaches. Towards applications, the stimulation of cells with different electrode materials and fabrication designs is explained, followed by analyte-manipulation strategies and spatially resolved photoelectrochemical deposition of different material types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Welden
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (R.W.); (M.J.S.)
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (R.W.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Research Center Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Patrick H. Wagner
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Torsten Wagner
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (R.W.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Research Center Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-6009-53766
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109
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Thalluri SM, Bai L, Lv C, Huang Z, Hu X, Liu L. Strategies for Semiconductor/Electrocatalyst Coupling toward Solar-Driven Water Splitting. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902102. [PMID: 32195077 PMCID: PMC7080548 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) has a significant potential to enable the global energy transition from the current fossil-dominant system to a clean, sustainable, and low-carbon energy system. While presently global H2 production is predominated by fossil-fuel feedstocks, for future widespread utilization it is of paramount importance to produce H2 in a decarbonized manner. To this end, photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has been proposed to be a highly desirable approach with minimal negative impact on the environment. Both semiconductor light-absorbers and hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) catalysts are essential components of an efficient PEC cell. It is well documented that loading electrocatalysts on semiconductor photoelectrodes plays significant roles in accelerating the HER/OER kinetics, suppressing surface recombination, reducing overpotentials needed to accomplish HER/OER, and extending the operational lifetime of semiconductors. Herein, how electrocatalyst coupling influences the PEC performance of semiconductor photoelectrodes is outlined. The focus is then placed on the major strategies developed so far for semiconductor/electrocatalyst coupling, including a variety of dry processes and wet chemical approaches. This Review provides a comprehensive account of advanced methodologies adopted for semiconductor/electrocatalyst coupling and can serve as a guideline for the design of efficient and stable semiconductor photoelectrodes for use in water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lichen Bai
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & CatalysisEcole Polytechnique Federale de LausanneEPFL ISIC LSCI, BCH 3305CH‐1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Cuncai Lv
- School of Chemical Science & EngineeringTongji University200092ShanghaiP. R. China
- College of Physics Science & TechnologyHebei University071002BaodingHebeiP. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- School of Chemical Science & EngineeringTongji University200092ShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & CatalysisEcole Polytechnique Federale de LausanneEPFL ISIC LSCI, BCH 3305CH‐1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Lifeng Liu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL)Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga4715‐330BragaPortugal
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Cottre T, Welter K, Ronge E, Smirnov V, Finger F, Jooss C, Kaiser B, Jaegermann W. Integrated Devices for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Using Adapted Silicon Based Multi-Junction Solar Cells Protected by ALD TiO 2 Coatings. Z PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2019-1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we present different silicon based integrated devices for photoelectrochemical water splitting, which provide enough photovoltage to drive the reaction without an external bias. Thin films of titanium dioxide, prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD), are applied as a surface passivation and corrosion protection. The interfaces between the multi-junction cells and the protective coating were optimized individually by etching techniques and finding optimal parameters for the ALD process. The energy band alignment of the systems was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electrochemically deposited platinum particles were used to reduce the HER overpotential. The prepared systems were tested in a three-electrode arrangement under AM 1.5 illumination in 0.1 M KOH. In final tests the efficiency and stability of the prepared devices were tested in a two-electrode arrangement in dependence of the pH value with a ruthenium-iridium oxide counter electrode. For the tandem-junction device solar to hydrogen efficiencies (STH) up to 1.8% were reached, and the triple-junction device showed a maximum efficiency of 4.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Cottre
- Institute of Material Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Katharina Welter
- IEK5-Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Emanuel Ronge
- Institute for Material Physics, Universität Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Vladimir Smirnov
- IEK5-Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Friedhelm Finger
- IEK5-Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Christian Jooss
- Institute for Material Physics, Universität Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Bernhard Kaiser
- Institute of Material Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Wolfram Jaegermann
- Institute of Material Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
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111
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Ben-Naim M, Palm DW, Strickler AL, Nielander AC, Sanchez J, King LA, Higgins DC, Jaramillo TF. A Spin Coating Method To Deposit Iridium-Based Catalysts onto Silicon for Water Oxidation Photoanodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5901-5908. [PMID: 31971770 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silicon has shown promise for use as a small band gap (1.1 eV) absorber material in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, the limited stability of silicon in acidic electrolyte requires the use of protection strategies coupled with catalysts. Herein, spin coating is used as a versatile method to directly coat silicon photoanodes with an IrOx oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst, reducing the processing complexity compared to conventional fabrication schemes. Biphasic strontium chloride/iridium oxide (SrCl2:IrOx) catalysts are also developed, and both catalysts form photoactive junctions with silicon and demonstrate high photoanode activity. The iridium oxide photoanode displays a photocurrent onset at 1.06 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), while the SrCl2:IrOx photoanode onsets earlier at 0.96 V vs RHE. The differing potentials are consistent with the observed photovoltages of 0.43 and 0.53 V for the IrOx and SrCl2:IrOx, respectively. By measuring the oxidation of a reversible redox couple, Fe(CN)63-/4-, we compare the charge carrier extraction of the devices and show that the addition of SrCl2 to the IrOx catalyst improves the silicon-electrolyte interface compared to pure IrOx. However, the durability of the strontium-containing photoanode remains a challenge, with its photocurrent density decreasing by 90% over 4 h. The IrOx photoanode, on the other hand, maintained a stable photocurrent density over this timescale. Characterization of the as-prepared and post-tested material structure via Auger electron spectroscopy identifies catalyst film cracking and delamination as the primary failure modes. We propose that improvements to catalyst adhesion should further the viability of spin coating as a technique for photoanode preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha Ben-Naim
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford California 94305 , United States
| | - David W Palm
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford California 94305 , United States
| | - Alaina L Strickler
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford California 94305 , United States
| | - Adam C Nielander
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford California 94305 , United States
| | - Joel Sanchez
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford California 94305 , United States
| | - Laurie A King
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford California 94305 , United States
- Faculty of Science and Engineering , Manchester Metropolitan University , Chester Street , Manchester M1 5GD , U.K
| | - Drew C Higgins
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford California 94305 , United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton Ontario , Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford California 94305 , United States
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Xie G, Jan SU, Dong Z, Dai Y, Boddula R, Wei Y, Zhao C, Xin Q, Wang JN, Du Y, Ma L, Guo B, Gong JR. GaP/GaPN core/shell nanowire array on silicon for enhanced photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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113
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Sekizawa K, Oh-ishi K, Morikawa T. Photoelectrochemical water-splitting over a surface modified p-type Cr2O3 photocathode. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:659-666. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04296b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
H2 generation via solar photoelectrochemical water-splitting by Cr2O3 was successfully realized by surface modification with TiO2 and the following Pt deposition.
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114
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115
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Jung JY, Kim SH, Shinde SS, Kim DH, Lin C, Lee JH. A semiconductor junction photoelectrochemical device without a depletion region. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:23013-23020. [PMID: 31769774 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08172k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor junctions are believed to form a depletion region at the band edge of the semiconductor as the chemical potentials for electrons (work functions) are aligned to the same level. Here, we demonstrated that ultrathin Ni film (less than 4 nm thick)/Si junction-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices have no depletion region due to three distinct phenomena: (i) the electrostatic or electrochemical potential extrinsically charged to the electrolytic-capacitive Ni surface dominates rather than the chemical potential of electrons (work function) of the bulk Ni, (ii) the charged potential is dynamically variable depending on the reaction and is rapidly volatile so as not to be constant; therefore, (iii) the charged potential is misaligned with the chemical potential of Si under equivalent circuit conditions. Such junction PEC devices were shown to follow a novel operating principle in which the output voltage (open circuit potential) is generated by the electrochemical potential charged at the Ni surface, and not by the light-induced potential (photovoltage) in Si. In addition, due to the bipolar charging nature, the ultrathin Ni film was effective in achieving a high open circuit potential in both p-Si photocathodes (0.57 V) and n-Si photoanodes (0.45 V). These anomalous results were not explained by the classical Schottky diode model based on the equilibrium of diffusion-drift current but by establishing a new model based on the equilibrium of the diffusion-charging current without accounting for the depletion region. Our findings provide an explanation for the unexpected results of the nanostructured PEC devices and insight into a new design that can overcome conventional limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hae Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sambhaji S Shinde
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Hyung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Ho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
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An efficient and stable photoelectrochemical system with 9% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency via InGaP/GaAs double junction. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5282. [PMID: 31754117 PMCID: PMC6872648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite III-V semiconductors demonstrating extraordinary solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiencies, high cost and poor stability greatly impede their practical implementation in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting applications. Here, we present a simple and efficient strategy for III-V-based photoelectrodes that functionally and spatially decouples the light harvesting component of the device from the electrolysis part that eliminates parasitic light absorption, reduces the cost, and enhances the stability without any compromise in efficiency. The monolithically integrated PEC cell was fabricated by an epitaxial lift-off and transfer of inversely grown InGaP/GaAs to a robust Ni-substrate and the resultant photoanode exhibits an STH efficiency of ~9% with stability ~150 h. Moreover, with the ability to access both sides of the device, we constructed a fully-integrated, unassisted-wireless "artificial leaf" system with an STH efficiency of ~6%. The excellent efficiency and stability achieved herein are attributed to the light harvesting/catalysis decoupling scheme, which concurrently improves the optical, electrical, and electrocatalytic characteristics.
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117
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Bein NS, Machado P, Coll M, Chen F, Makarovic M, Rojac T, Klein A. Electrochemical Reduction of Undoped and Cobalt-Doped BiFeO 3 Induced by Water Exposure: Quantitative Determination of Reduction Potentials and Defect Energy Levels Using Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7071-7076. [PMID: 31664832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of BiFeO3 and Co-doped BiFeO3 thin-film surfaces with water vapor is examined using photoelectron spectroscopy. Water exposure results in an upward shift of the Fermi energy, which is limited by the reduction of Bi and Fe in undoped BiFeO3 and by the reduction of Co in oxidized Co-doped BiFeO3. The results highlight the importance of surface potential changes induced by the interaction of solid surfaces with water and the ability of photoelectron spectroscopy to quantitatively determine electrochemical reduction potentials and defect energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Bein
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Electronic Structure of Materials , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Otto-Berndt-Straße 3 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Pamela Machado
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC , 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mariona Coll
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC , 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Feng Chen
- High Magnetic Field Lab , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Hefei 230031 , China
| | - Maja Makarovic
- Electronic Ceramics , Jozef Stefan Institute , Jamova 39 , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Tadej Rojac
- Electronic Ceramics , Jozef Stefan Institute , Jamova 39 , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Andreas Klein
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Electronic Structure of Materials , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Otto-Berndt-Straße 3 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
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118
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Pan L, Vlachopoulos N, Hagfeldt A. Directly Photoexcited Oxides for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:4337-4352. [PMID: 31478349 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis promises to become a sustainable way to harvest solar energy and store it in chemical fuels by means of photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells. Although it is intriguing to shift the fossil-fuel-based economy to a renewable carbon-neutral one, which will alleviate environmental problems, there is still a long way to go before it rivals traditional energy sources. Existing solar water-splitting devices can be sorted into three categories: photovoltaic-powered electrolysis, PEC water splitting, and photocatalysis (PC). PEC and PC systems hold the potential to further reduce the cost of devices due to their simple structures in which photoabsorbers and catalysts are closely integrated. PC is expected to be the least expensive approach; however, additional costs and concerns are brought about by the subsequent explosive gas separation. At the heart of all devices, semiconductor photoabsorbers should be efficient, robust, and cheap to satisfy the strict requirements on the market. Therefore, this Review intends to give readers an overview on PEC water splitting, with an emphasis on oxide material-based devices, which hold the potential to support global-scale production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Pan
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nick Vlachopoulos
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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119
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Li Z, Li D, Wu A, Ruan R, Xu Z. Fabrication of GaN truncated nanocone array using a pre-deposited metallic nano-hemispheres template for efficient solar water splitting. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:405302. [PMID: 31247599 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab2d7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The GaN truncated nanocone is an excellent candidate for better photoelectrochemical efficiency than other GaN nanostructures. Here the highly ordered GaN truncated nanocone array was fabricated using a pre-deposited metallic nano-hemispheres template on a wafer scale. The highly ordered profiles of pre-deposited metallic nano-hemispheres template were defined by anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) masks through electron beam evaporation. The formation mechanism for the profiles of nano-hemispheres and GaN truncated nanocones were investigated. The results elucidate that proper selection of AAO parameters enables controllability of desired profiles and depth of Cr nano-hemispheres template, further controllability of desired profiles and depth of the GaN truncated nanocones. The optical and photoelectrochemical characterizations show the substantial improvements in ultraviolet light absorption and photoelectrochemical efficiency with photocurrent density by 300% times with respect to planar counterpart. The presented synthetic strategy will pave the way towards low-cost and mass production of GaN truncated nanocone photoelectrode for efficient photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Li
- School of Electronic Information and Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437005, People's Republic of China. School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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120
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Current progress in developing metal oxide nanoarrays-based photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:1348-1380. [PMID: 36659664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a clean and powerful approach for renewable hydrogen production. The design and construction of metal oxide based nanoarray photoanodes is one of the promising strategies to make the continuous breakthroughs in solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency of PEC cells owing to their owned several advantages including enhanced reactive surface at the electrode/electrolyte interface, improved light absorption capability, increased charge separation efficiency and direct electron transport pathways. In this Review, we first introduce the structure, work principle and their relevant efficiency calculations of a PEC cell. We then give a summary of the state-of the-art research in the preparation strategies and growth mechanism for the metal oxide based nanoarrays, and some details about the performances of metal oxide based nanoarray photoanodes for PEC water splitting. Finally, we discuss key aspects which should be addressed in continued work on realizing high-efficiency metal oxide based nanoarray photoanodes for PEC solar water splitting systems.
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121
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Gong L, Yin H, Nie C, Sun X, Wang X, Wang M. Influence of Anchoring Groups on the Charge Transfer and Performance of p-Si/TiO 2/Cobaloxime Hybrid Photocathodes for Photoelectrochemical H 2 Production. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34010-34019. [PMID: 31453677 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although hybrid photocathodes built by immobilizing molecular catalysts to the surface of semiconductors through chemical linkages have been reported in recent years, systematic and comparative studies remain scarce about the impact of various anchoring groups on the performance, stability, and charge-transfer kinetics of molecular catalyst-decorated hybrid photocathodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) H2 production. In this study, the molecular cobaloxime catalysts, CoPy-4-X (Py = pyridine, X = PO3H2, COOH, and CONH(OH)), bearing different anchoring groups were synthesized and covalently immobilized to the surface of the porous TiO2 layer coated on a p-Si plate or a fluorine-doped tin oxide glass. The influence of the anchoring groups on the performance of p-Si/TiO2/CoPy-4-X photocathodes was comparatively studied for PEC H2 evolution. Among the tested hybrid photocathodes, the one with a hydroxamate as an anchoring group displayed higher activity and lower charge-transfer resistance than that observed for the electrode with a carboxylate or a phosphonate as the anchoring group. Notably, the catalytic current of p-Si/TiO2/CoPy-4-CONH(OH) was attenuated only by 2.9% in the controlled potential photoelectrolysis tests in borate buffer solution at pH 9 at 0 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode over 6 h. Moreover, the influence of anchoring groups on the interfacial electron transfer from the TiO2 layer to the immobilized cobaloxime catalyst and electron-hole recombination was studied by transient absorption spectroscopy. These results revealed that the hydroxamate as an anchoring group is superior to the carboxylate and phosphonate groups for speeding up the interfacial electron transfer and firmly immobilizing the molecular catalysts to the metal oxide semiconductors to build efficient and stable hybrid photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunlun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Heng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Chengming Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Xuran Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
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Tareen AK, Priyanga GS, Khan K, Pervaiz E, Thomas T, Yang M. Nickel-Based Transition Metal Nitride Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3941-3954. [PMID: 31197961 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis is an efficient and promising means of energy conversion, with minimal environmental footprint. To enhance reaction rates, catalysts are required to minimize overpotential. Alternatives to noble metal electrocatalysts are essential to address these needs on a large scale. In this context, transition metal nitride (TMN) nanoparticles have attracted much attention owing to their high catalytic activity, distinctive electronic structures, and enhanced surface morphologies. Nickel-based materials are an ideal choice for electrocatalysts given nickel's abundance and low cost in comparison to noble metals. In this Minireview, advancements made specifically in Ni-based binary and ternary TMNs as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are critically evaluated. When used as OER electrocatalysts, Ni-based nanomaterials with 3 D architectures on a suitable support (e.g., a foam support) speed up electron transfer as a result of well-oriented crystal structures and also assist intermediate diffusion, during reaction, of evolved gases. 2 D Ni-based nitride sheet materials synthesized without supports usually perform better than 3 D supported electrocatalysts. The focus of this Minireview is a systematic description of OER activity for state-of-the-art Ni-based nitrides as nanostructured electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khan Tareen
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of, Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - G Sudha Priyanga
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
- Indian Solar Energy Harnessing Center -An Energy Consortium, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karim Khan
- Indian Solar Energy Harnessing Center -An Energy Consortium, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Erum Pervaiz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Tiju Thomas
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
- Indian Solar Energy Harnessing Center -An Energy Consortium, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Minghui Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
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123
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Ros C, Carretero NM, David J, Arbiol J, Andreu T, Morante JR. Insight into the Degradation Mechanisms of Atomic Layer Deposited TiO 2 as Photoanode Protective Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29725-29735. [PMID: 31347833 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Around 100 nm thick TiO2 layers deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) have been investigated as anticorrosion protective films for silicon-based photoanodes decorated with 5 nm NiFe catalyst in highly alkaline electrolyte. Completely amorphous layers presented high resistivity; meanwhile, the ones synthesized at 300 °C, having a fully anatase crystalline TiO2 structure, introduced insignificant resistance, showing direct correlation between crystallization degree and electrical conductivity. The conductivity through crystalline TiO2 layers has been found not to be homogeneous, presenting preferential conduction paths attributed to grain boundaries and defects within the crystalline structure. A correlation between the conductivity atomic force microscopy measurements and grain interstitials can be seen, supported by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy cross-sectional images presenting defective regions in crystalline TiO2 grains. It was found that the conduction mechanism goes through the injection of electrons coming from water oxidation from the electrocatalyst into the TiO2 conduction band. Then, electrons are transported to the Si/SiOx/TiO2 interface where electrons recombine with holes given by the p+n-Si junction. No evidences of intra-band-gap states in TiO2 responsible of conductivity have been detected. Stability measurements of fully crystalline samples over 480 h in anodic polarization show a continuous current decay. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy allows to identify that the main cause of deactivation is associated with the loss of TiO2 electrical conductivity, corresponding to a self-passivation mechanism. This is proposed to reflect the effect of OH- ions diffusing in the TiO2 structure in anodic conditions by the electric field. This fact proves that a modification takes place in the defective zone of the layer, blocking the ability to transfer electrical charge through the layer. According to this mechanism, a regeneration of the degradation process is demonstrated possible based on ultraviolet illumination, which contributes to change the occupancy of TiO2 electronic states and to recover the defective zone's conductivity. These findings confirm the connection between the structural properties of the ALD-deposited polycrystalline layer and the degradation mechanisms and thus highlight main concerns toward fabricating long-lasting metal-oxide protective layers for frontal illuminated photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Ros
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC) , Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1 , 08930 Sant Adrià del Besòs , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Nina M Carretero
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC) , Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1 , 08930 Sant Adrià del Besòs , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jeremy David
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST , Campus UAB , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jordi Arbiol
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST , Campus UAB , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
- ICREA , Pg. Lluís Companys 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Teresa Andreu
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC) , Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1 , 08930 Sant Adrià del Besòs , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Joan R Morante
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC) , Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1 , 08930 Sant Adrià del Besòs , Barcelona , Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , Martí i Franquès, 1 , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
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Li J, Wan W, Triana CA, Novotny Z, Osterwalder J, Erni R, Patzke GR. Dynamic Role of Cluster Cocatalysts on Molecular Photoanodes for Water Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12839-12848. [PMID: 31373808 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While loading of cocatalysts is one of the most widely investigated strategies to promote the efficiency of photoelectrodes, the understanding of their functionality remains controversial. We established new hybrid molecular photoanodes with cobalt-based molecular cubane cocatalysts on hematite as a model system. Photoelectrochemical and rate law analyses revealed an interesting functionality transition of the {Co(II)4O4}-type cocatalysts. Their role changed from predominant hole reservoirs to catalytic centers upon modulation of the applied bias. Kinetic analysis of the photoelectrochemical processes indicated that this observed transition arises from the dynamic equilibria of photogenerated surface charge carriers. Most importantly, we confirmed this functional transition of the cocatalysts and the related kinetic properties for several cobalt-based molecular and heterogeneous catalysts, indicating wide applicability of the derived trends. Additionally, complementary analytical characterizations show that a transformation of the applied molecular species occurs at higher applied bias, pointing to a dynamic interplay connecting molecular and heterogeneous catalysis. Our insights promote the essential understanding of efficient (molecular) cocatalyzed photoelectrode systems to design tailor-made hybrid devices for a wide range of catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguo Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Wenchao Wan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - C A Triana
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Zbynek Novotny
- Department of Physics , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Jürg Osterwalder
- Department of Physics , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron Microscopy Center , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Greta R Patzke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
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125
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Zhao Y, Yu J, Xu G, Sojic N, Loget G. Photoinduced Electrochemiluminescence at Silicon Electrodes in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13013-13016. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhao
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jing Yu
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Gabriel Loget
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Butson JD, Narangari PR, Lysevych M, Wong-Leung J, Wan Y, Karuturi SK, Tan HH, Jagadish C. InGaAsP as a Promising Narrow Band Gap Semiconductor for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25236-25242. [PMID: 31265227 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a very promising route toward zero-carbon energy, conversion efficiency remains limited. Semiconductors with narrower band gaps can absorb a much greater portion of the solar spectrum, thereby increasing efficiency. However, narrow band gap (∼1 eV) III-V semiconductor photoelectrodes have not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this study, the narrow band gap quaternary III-V alloy InGaAsP is demonstrated for the first time to have great potential for PEC water splitting, with the long-term goal of developing high-efficiency tandem PEC devices. TiO2-coated InGaAsP photocathodes generate a photocurrent density of over 30 mA/cm2 with an onset potential of 0.45 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, yielding an applied bias efficiency of over 7%. This is an excellent performance, given that nearly all power losses can be attributed to reflection losses. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy show that InGaAsP and TiO2 form a type-II band alignment, greatly enhancing carrier separation and reducing recombination losses. Beyond water splitting, the tunable band gap of InGaAsP could be of further interest in other areas of photocatalysis, including CO2 reduction.
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127
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Jung JY, Woong Kim D, Kim DH, Joo Park T, Wehrspohn RB, Lee JH. Seebeck-voltage-triggered self-biased photoelectrochemical water splitting using HfO x/SiO x bi-layer protected Si photocathodes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9132. [PMID: 31235765 PMCID: PMC6591395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of a photoelectrochemical device is an efficient method of converting solar energy into hydrogen fuel via water splitting reactions. One of the best photoelectrode materials is Si, which absorbs a broad wavelength range of incident light and produces a high photocurrent level (~44 mA·cm-2). However, the maximum photovoltage that can be generated in single-junction Si devices (~0.75 V) is much lower than the voltage required for a water splitting reaction (>1.6 V). In addition, the Si surface is electrochemically oxidized or reduced when it comes into direct contact with the aqueous electrolyte. Here, we propose the hybridization of the photoelectrochemical device with a thermoelectric device, where the Seebeck voltage generated by the thermal energy triggers the self-biased water splitting reaction without compromising the photocurrent level at 42 mA cm-2. In this hybrid device p-Si, where the surface is protected by HfOx/SiOx bilayers, is used as a photocathode. The HfOx exhibits high corrosion resistance and protection ability, thereby ensuring stability. On applying the Seebeck voltage, the tunneling barrier of HfOx is placed at a negligible energy level in the electron transfer from Si to the electrolyte, showing charge transfer kinetics independent of the HfOx thickness. These findings serve as a proof-of-concept of the stable and high-efficiency production of hydrogen fuel by the photoelectrochemical-thermoelectric hybrid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Jung
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Woong Kim
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Kim
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Park
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ralf B Wehrspohn
- Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS Walter-Hülse-Strasse 1, D06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Jung-Ho Lee
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea.
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128
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Shan B, Brennaman MK, Troian-Gautier L, Liu Y, Nayak A, Klug CM, Li TT, Bullock RM, Meyer TJ. A Silicon-Based Heterojunction Integrated with a Molecular Excited State in a Water-Splitting Tandem Cell. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10390-10398. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - M. Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yanming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christina M. Klug
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Research Center of Applied Solid State Chemistry, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Li H, Wen P, Itanze DS, Kim MW, Adhikari S, Lu C, Jiang L, Qiu Y, Geyer SM. Phosphorus-Rich Colloidal Cobalt Diphosphide (CoP 2 ) Nanocrystals for Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1900813. [PMID: 31058405 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Developing earth-abundant and efficient electrocatalysts for photoelectrochemical water splitting is critical to realizing a high-performance solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion process. Herein, phosphorus-rich colloidal cobalt diphosphide nanocrystals (CoP2 NCs) are synthesized via hot injection. The CoP2 NCs show a Pt-like hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalytic activity in acidic solution with a small overpotential of 39 mV to achieve -10 mA cm-2 and a very low Tafel slope of 32 mV dec-1 . Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the high P content both physically separates Co atoms to prevent H from over binding to multiple Co atoms, while simultaneously stabilizing H adsorbed to single Co atoms. The catalytic performance of the CoP2 NCs is further demonstrated in a metal-insulator-semiconductor photoelectrochemical device consisting of bottom p-Si light absorber, atomic layer deposition Al-ZnO passivation layers, and the CoP2 cocatalyst. The p-Si/AZO/TiO2 /CoP2 photocathode shows a photocurrent density of -16.7 mA cm-2 at 0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and an output photovoltage of 0.54 V. The high performance and stability are attributed to the junction between p-Si and AZO, the corrosion-resistance of the pinhole-free TiO2 protective layer, and the fast HER kinetics of the CoP2 NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Peng Wen
- Shenzhen Engineering Lab of Flexible Transparent Conductive Films, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dominique S Itanze
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Michael W Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Shiba Adhikari
- Material Science and Technology Division (MSTD), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yejun Qiu
- Shenzhen Engineering Lab of Flexible Transparent Conductive Films, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Scott M Geyer
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
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130
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Ma Z, Thersleff T, Görne AL, Cordes N, Liu Y, Jakobi S, Rokicinska A, Schichtl ZG, Coridan RH, Kustrowski P, Schnick W, Dronskowski R, Slabon A. Quaternary Core-Shell Oxynitride Nanowire Photoanode Containing a Hole-Extraction Gradient for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19077-19086. [PMID: 31067020 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A nanowire photoanode SrTaO2N, a semiconductor suitable for overall water-splitting with a band gap of 2.3 eV, was coated with functional overlayers to yield a core-shell structure while maintaining its one-dimensional morphology. The nanowires were grown hydrothermally on tantalum, and the perovskite-related oxynitride structure was obtained by nitridation. Three functional overlayers have been deposited on the nanowires to enhance the efficiency of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. The deposition of TiO x protects the oxynitride from photocorrosion and suppresses charge-carrier recombination at the surface. Ni(OH) x acts a hole-storage layer and decreases the dark-current contribution. This leads to a significantly improved extraction of photogenerated holes to the electrode-electrolyte surface. The photocurrents can be increased by the deposition of a cobalt phosphate (CoPi) layer as a cocatalyst. The heterojunction nanowire photoanode generates a current density of 0.27 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under simulated sunlight (AM 1.5G). Simultaneously, the dark-current contribution, a common problem for oxynitride photoanodes grown on metallic substrates, is almost completely minimized. This is the first report of a quaternary oxynitride nanowire photoanode in core-shell geometry containing functional overlayers for synergetic hole extraction and an electrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Ma
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Arno L Görne
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Niklas Cordes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Munich (LMU) , Butenandtstraße 5-13 (D) , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Yanbing Liu
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Simon Jakobi
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Anna Rokicinska
- Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , 30-387 Krakow , Poland
| | - Zebulon G Schichtl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Robert H Coridan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Piotr Kustrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , 30-387 Krakow , Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schnick
- Department of Chemistry , University of Munich (LMU) , Butenandtstraße 5-13 (D) , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Adam Slabon
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
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131
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Sun X, Jiang J, Yang Y, Shan Y, Gong L, Wang M. Enhancing the Performance of Si-Based Photocathodes for Solar Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Solution by Facilely Intercalating a Sandwich N-Doped Carbon Nanolayer to the Interface of Si and TiO 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19132-19140. [PMID: 31062963 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising but immensely challenging technology for sustainable production of hydrogen. To this end, highly active, durable, and inexpensive photocathodes that operate under conditions compatible with those for photoanodes are desired. Herein, Si-based composite photocathodes were constructed by coating the front surface of Si with an N-doped carbon nanolayer and then a TiO2 protective layer, followed by decorating the electrode surface with Ni and Ni-Mo catalysts. The carbon nanolayer, denoted as CPDA, was formed directly on the Si surface by in situ self-polymerization of dopamine, followed by carbonization of the polydopamine (PDA) coating. The performance of the as-fabricated Si photocathodes with and without the CPDA layer was comparatively studied for PEC hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline electrolytes to evaluate the effect of the sandwich CPDA layer in between the Si substrate and the TiO2 layer on the photoelectrocatalytic behaviors of Si-based electrodes. The photocathodes containing the CPDA layer demonstrated lower electron transfer resistance, higher built-in photovoltage, and larger band bending relative to the analogous electrodes without the CPDA layer. Accordingly, the short-circuit photocurrents of the Ni and Ni-Mo-decorated photocathodes with the CPDA layer were enhanced by a factor of 2.8-3.3, and their open-circuit photovoltages were enlarged by 0.14-0.22 V, compared to those of the corresponding electrodes without the CPDA layer in 1 M KOH under simulated 1 sun illumination. Moreover, the photocathodes with the CPDA layer also exhibited an improved stability for PEC HER in alkaline solutions, with a faradaic efficiency of 90-97% in the initial hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Yu Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Lunlun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
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132
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Li LF, Li YF, Liu ZP. CO2 Photoreduction via Quantum Tunneling: Thin TiO2-Coated GaP with Coherent Interface To Achieve Electron Tunneling. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ye-Fei Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Pan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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133
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Iyer A, Kearney K, Ertekin E. Computational Approaches to Photoelectrode Design through Molecular Functionalization for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1858-1871. [PMID: 30693653 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising carbon-free approach to produce hydrogen from water. A photoelectrochemical cell consists of a semiconductor photoelectrode in contact with an aqueous electrolyte. Its performance is sensitive to properties of the photoelectrode/electrolyte interface, which may be tuned through functionalization of the photoelectrode surface with organic molecules. This can lead to improvements in the photoelectrode's properties. This Minireview summarizes key computational investigations on using molecular functionalization to modify photoelectrode stability, barrier height, and catalytic activity. It is discussed how first-principles density functional theory, first-principles molecular dynamics, and device modeling simulations can provide predictive insights and complement experimental investigations of functionalized photoelectrodes. Challenges and future directions in the computational modeling of functionalized photoelectrode/electrolyte interfaces within the context of experimental studies are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwathi Iyer
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Kara Kearney
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Elif Ertekin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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134
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Nandjou F, Haussener S. Kinetic Competition between Water-Splitting and Photocorrosion Reactions in Photoelectrochemical Devices. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1984-1994. [PMID: 30644167 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor photocorrosion is a major challenge for the stability of photoelectrochemical water-splitting devices. Usually, photocorrosion is studied on the basis of thermodynamic aspects, by comparing the redox potentials of water to the self-decomposition potentials of the semiconductor or analyzing the equilibrium phases at given electrolyte conditions. However, that approach does not allow for a prediction of the decomposition rate of the semiconductor or the branching ratio with the redox reaction. A kinetic model has been developed to describe detailed reaction mechanisms and investigate competition between water-splitting and photocorrosion reactions. It is observed that some thermodynamically unstable semiconductors should photocorrode in a few minutes, whereas others are expected to operate over a period of years as a result of their extremely low photocorrosion current. The photostability of the semiconductor is mainly found to depend on surface chemical properties, catalyst activity, charge carrier density, and electrolyte acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Nandjou
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Science and Engineering, EPFL, Station 9, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Haussener
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Science and Engineering, EPFL, Station 9, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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135
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Poli I, Hintermair U, Regue M, Kumar S, Sackville EV, Baker J, Watson TM, Eslava S, Cameron PJ. Graphite-protected CsPbBr 3 perovskite photoanodes functionalised with water oxidation catalyst for oxygen evolution in water. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2097. [PMID: 31068590 PMCID: PMC6506520 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites have been widely investigated in the photovoltaic sector due to their promising optoelectronic properties and inexpensive fabrication techniques based on solution processing. Here we report the development of inorganic CsPbBr3-based photoanodes for direct photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution from aqueous electrolytes. We use a commercial thermal graphite sheet and a mesoporous carbon scaffold to encapsulate CsPbBr3 as an inexpensive and efficient protection strategy. We achieve a record stability of 30 h in aqueous electrolyte under constant simulated solar illumination, with currents above 2 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE. We further demonstrate the versatility of our approach by grafting a molecular Ir-based water oxidation catalyst on the electrolyte-facing surface of the sealing graphite sheet, which cathodically shifts the onset potential of the composite photoanode due to accelerated charge transfer. These results suggest an efficient route to develop stable halide perovskite based electrodes for photoelectrochemical solar fuel generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Poli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Miriam Regue
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Emma V Sackville
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jenny Baker
- SPECIFIC, Swansea University Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Trystan M Watson
- SPECIFIC, Swansea University Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Salvador Eslava
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Petra J Cameron
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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136
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Kim JH, Lee JS. Elaborately Modified BiVO 4 Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806938. [PMID: 30793384 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for solar-energy conversion have received immense interest as a promising technology for renewable hydrogen production. Their similarity to natural photosynthesis, utilizing sunlight and water, has provoked intense research for over half a century. Among many potential photocatalysts, BiVO4 , with a bandgap of 2.4-2.5 eV, has emerged as a highly promising photoanode material with a good chemical stability, environmental inertness, and low cost. Unfortunately, its charge transport properties are modest, at most a hole diffusion length (Lp ) of ≈70 nm. However, recent rapid developments in multiple modification strategies have elevated it to a position as the most promising metal oxide photoanode material. This review summarizes developments in BiVO4 photoanodes in the past 10 years, in which time it has continuously broken its own performance records for PEC water oxidation. Effective modification techniques are discussed, including synthesis of nanostructures/nanopores, external/internal doping, heterojunction fabrication, surface passivation, and cocatalysts. Tandem systems for unassisted solar water splitting and PEC production of value-added chemicals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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137
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Alqahtani M, Ben-Jabar S, Ebaid M, Sathasivam S, Jurczak P, Xia X, Alromaeh A, Blackman C, Qin Y, Zhang B, Ooi BS, Liu H, Parkin IP, Wu J. Gallium Phosphide photoanode coated with TiO 2 and CoO x for stable photoelectrochemical water oxidation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:A364-A371. [PMID: 31052888 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.00a364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gallium Phosphide (GaP) has a band gap of 2.26 eV and a valance band edge that is more negative than the water oxidation level. Hence, it may be a promising material for photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, one thing GaP has in common with other III-V semiconductors is that it corrodes in photoelectrochemical reactions. Cobalt oxide (CoOx) is a chemically stable and highly active oxygen evolution reaction co-catalyst. In this study, we protected a GaP photoanode by using a 20 nm TiO2 as a protection layer and a 2 nm cobalt oxide co-catalyst layer, which were both deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD). A GaP photoanode that was modified by CoOx exhibited much higher photocurrent, potential, and photon-to-current efficiency than a bare GaP photoanode under AM1.5G illumination. A photoanode that was coated with both TiO2 and CoOx layers was stable for over 24 h during constant reaction in 1 M NaOH (pH 13.7) solution under one sun illumination.
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138
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Kim JH, Hansora D, Sharma P, Jang JW, Lee JS. Toward practical solar hydrogen production - an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1908-1971. [PMID: 30855624 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00699g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solar water splitting is a promising approach to transform sunlight into renewable, sustainable and green hydrogen energy. There are three representative ways of transforming solar radiation into molecular hydrogen, which are the photocatalytic (PC), photoelectrochemical (PEC), and photovoltaic-electrolysis (PV-EC) routes. Having the future perspective of green hydrogen economy in mind, this review article discusses devices and systems for solar-to-hydrogen production including comparison of the above solar water splitting systems. The focus is placed on a critical assessment of the key components needed to scale up PEC water splitting systems such as materials efficiency, cost, elemental abundancy, stability, fuel separation, device operability, cell architecture, and techno-economic aspects of the systems. The review follows a stepwise approach and provides (i) a summary of the basic principles and photocatalytic materials employed for PEC water splitting, (ii) an extensive discussion of technologies, procedures, and system designs, and (iii) an introduction to international demonstration projects, and the development of benchmarked devices and large-scale prototype systems. The task of scaling up of laboratory overall water splitting devices to practical systems may be called "an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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139
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Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has been intensively studied in the past decades as a promising method for large-scale solar energy storage. Among the various issues that limit the progress of this field, the lack of photoelectrode materials with suitable properties in all aspects of light absorption, charge separation and transport, and charge transfer is a key challenge, which has attracted tremendous research attention. A large variety of compositions, in different forms, have been tested. This review aims to summarize efforts in this area, with a focus on materials-related considerations. Issues discussed by this review include synthesis, optoelectronic properties, charge behaviors and catalysis. In the recognition that thin-film materials are representative model systems for the study of these issues, we elected to focus on this form, so as to provide a concise and coherent account on the different strategies that have been proposed and tested. Because practical implementation is of paramount importance to the eventual realization of using solar fuel for solar energy storage, we pay particular attention to strategies proposed to address the stability and catalytic issues, which are two key factors limiting the implementation of efficient photoelectrode materials. To keep the overall discussion focused, all discussions were presented within the context of water splitting reactions. How the thin-film systems may be applied for fundamental studies of the water splitting chemical mechanisms and how to use the model system to test device engineering design strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin He
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
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140
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Du Y, Sheng H, Astruc D, Zhu M. Atomically Precise Noble Metal Nanoclusters as Efficient Catalysts: A Bridge between Structure and Properties. Chem Rev 2019; 120:526-622. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Du
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Hongting Sheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Didier Astruc
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Talence 33405 Cedex, France
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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141
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Wang T, Liu S, Li H, Li C, Luo Z, Gong J. Transparent Ta2O5 Protective Layer for Stable Silicon Photocathode under Full Solar Spectrum. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhibin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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142
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Bellani S, Antognazza MR, Bonaccorso F. Carbon-Based Photocathode Materials for Solar Hydrogen Production. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1801446. [PMID: 30221413 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is considered a promising environmentally friendly energy carrier for replacing traditional fossil fuels. In this context, photoelectrochemical cells effectively convert solar energy directly to H2 fuel by water photoelectrolysis, thereby monolitically combining the functions of both light harvesting and electrolysis. In such devices, photocathodes and photoanodes carry out the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Here, the focus is on photocathodes for HER, traditionally based on metal oxides, III-V group and II-VI group semiconductors, silicon, and copper-based chalcogenides as photoactive material. Recently, carbon-based materials have emerged as reliable alternatives to the aforementioned materials. A perspective on carbon-based photocathodes is provided here, critically analyzing recent research progress and outlining the major guidelines for the development of efficient and stable photocathode architectures. In particular, the functional role of charge-selective and protective layers, which enhance both the efficiency and the durability of the photocathodes, is discussed. An in-depth evaluation of the state-of-the-art fabrication of photocathodes through scalable, high-troughput, cost-effective methods is presented. The major aspects on the development of light-trapping nanostructured architectures are also addressed. Finally, the key challenges on future research directions in terms of potential performance and manufacturability of photocathodes are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- BeDimensional Srl, via Albisola 121, 16163, Genova, Italy
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143
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Dalle K, Warnan J, Leung JJ, Reuillard B, Karmel IS, Reisner E. Electro- and Solar-Driven Fuel Synthesis with First Row Transition Metal Complexes. Chem Rev 2019; 119:2752-2875. [PMID: 30767519 PMCID: PMC6396143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of renewable fuels from abundant water or the greenhouse gas CO2 is a major step toward creating sustainable and scalable energy storage technologies. In the last few decades, much attention has focused on the development of nonprecious metal-based catalysts and, in more recent years, their integration in solid-state support materials and devices that operate in water. This review surveys the literature on 3d metal-based molecular catalysts and focuses on their immobilization on heterogeneous solid-state supports for electro-, photo-, and photoelectrocatalytic synthesis of fuels in aqueous media. The first sections highlight benchmark homogeneous systems using proton and CO2 reducing 3d transition metal catalysts as well as commonly employed methods for catalyst immobilization, including a discussion of supporting materials and anchoring groups. The subsequent sections elaborate on productive associations between molecular catalysts and a wide range of substrates based on carbon, quantum dots, metal oxide surfaces, and semiconductors. The molecule-material hybrid systems are organized as "dark" cathodes, colloidal photocatalysts, and photocathodes, and their figures of merit are discussed alongside system stability and catalyst integrity. The final section extends the scope of this review to prospects and challenges in targeting catalysis beyond "classical" H2 evolution and CO2 reduction to C1 products, by summarizing cases for higher-value products from N2 reduction, C x>1 products from CO2 utilization, and other reductive organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jane J. Leung
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Bertrand Reuillard
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Isabell S. Karmel
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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144
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Fan R, Mi Z, Shen M. Silicon based photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:A51-A80. [PMID: 30876004 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.000a51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Solar water splitting using Si photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells offers a promising approach to convert sunlight into sustainable hydrogen energy, which has recently received intense research. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of efficient and stable Si photoelectrodes for solar water splitting. The definition and representation of efficiency and stability for Si photoelectrodes are firstly introduced. We then present several basic strategies for designing highly efficient and stable Si photoelectrodes, including surface textures, protective layer, catalyst loading and the integration of the system. Finally, we highlight the progress that has been made in Si photocathodes and Si photoanodes, respectively, with emphasis on how to integrate Si with protective layer and catalyst.
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145
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146
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Fukuzumi S, Lee YM, Nam W. Kinetics and mechanisms of catalytic water oxidation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:779-798. [PMID: 30560964 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics and mechanisms of thermal and photochemical oxidation of water with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, including conversion from homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysts in the course of water oxidation, are discussed in this review article. Molecular and homogeneous catalysts have the advantage to clarify the catalytic mechanisms by detecting active intermediates in catalytic water oxidation. On the other hand, heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts have advantages for practical applications due to high catalytic activity, robustness and easier separation of catalysts by filtration as compared with molecular homogeneous precursors. Ligand oxidation of homogeneous catalysts sometimes results in the dissociation of ligands to form nanoparticles, which act as much more efficient catalysts for water oxidation. Since it is quite difficult to identify active intermediates on the heterogeneous catalyst surface, the mechanism of water oxidation has hardly been clarified under heterogeneous catalytic conditions. This review focuses on the kinetics and mechanisms of catalytic water oxidation with homogeneous catalysts, which may be converted to heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts depending on various reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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147
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Quantum dot activated indium gallium nitride on silicon as photoanode for solar hydrogen generation. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-018-0105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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148
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Li Y, Luo K. Flexible cupric oxide photocathode with enhanced stability for renewable hydrogen energy production from solar water splitting. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8350-8354. [PMID: 35518699 PMCID: PMC9061868 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00865a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CuO is a promising but unstable photocathode in solar water splitting. Herein, a flexible CuO photocathode is prepared and its degradation mechanisms and stabilization strategies have been discussed. Briefly, we find alkali environment and low light intensity are the critical factors in the stabilization of the CuO photocathode. For practical usage, a composite semiconductor layer, composed of TiO2, La2O3 and NiO, is deposited on the CuO photocathode, which is proved to be effective for enhancing the stabilization of the CuO photocathode. 100% of the photocurrent density has been retained after 20 minutes of continuous illumination. The optimized stable photocurrent density is measured as 0.3 mA cm−2 at 0.5 VRHE. A composite semiconductor layer, composed of TiO2, La2O3 and NiO, is deposited on a CuO photocathode, and shown to be effective for enhancing the stabilization of the CuO photocathode. 100% of the photocurrent density is retained after 20 min of continuous illumination.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Energy and Power
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
- School of Science
| | - Kai Luo
- School of Energy and Power
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
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149
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Chu S, Rashid RT, Liu X, Mi Z. Photodeposition of a conformal metal oxide nanocoating. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6305-6308. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02753j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A variety of conformal metal oxide nanocoatings including Cr2O3, Al2O3, ZnO, and In2O3 can be accessed via simple photodeposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University
- Quebec H3A 0E9
- Canada
| | - Roksana Tonny Rashid
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University
- Quebec H3A 0E9
- Canada
| | - Xuedong Liu
- Facility for Electron Microscopy Research, McGill University
- Quebec H3A 0C7
- Canada
| | - Zetian Mi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University
- Quebec H3A 0E9
- Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
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150
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Yang W, Prabhakar RR, Tan J, Tilley SD, Moon J. Strategies for enhancing the photocurrent, photovoltage, and stability of photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4979-5015. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00997j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we survey recent strategies for photoelectrode optimization and advanced characterization methods towards efficient water splitting cells via feedback from these characterization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseok Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Yonsei University
- 03722 Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeiwan Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Yonsei University
- 03722 Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - S. David Tilley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- 8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Jooho Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Yonsei University
- 03722 Seoul
- Republic of Korea
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