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Maheshwari N, Khan FH, Mahmood R. Pentachlorophenol-induced cytotoxicity in human erythrocytes: enhanced generation of ROS and RNS, lowered antioxidant power, inhibition of glucose metabolism, and morphological changes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:12985-13001. [PMID: 30895543 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a class 2B human carcinogen that is used as an insecticide, herbicide, and wood preservative. PCP is rapidly absorbed and enters the blood where it can interact with erythrocytes. We have examined the effect of PCP on human erythrocytes. Treatment of erythrocytes with PCP increased the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. It also increased lipid and protein oxidation accompanied by decrease in glutathione levels and total sulfhydryl content. The activities of all major antioxidant enzymes were altered. The antioxidant power was significantly impaired resulting in lower free radical quenching and metal reducing ability of the PCP-treated cells. PCP exposure also inhibited the activities of enzymes of glycolysis and pentose phosphate shunt, the two pathways of glucose metabolism in erythrocytes. Heme degradation was enhanced leading to the release of free iron. Incubation of erythrocytes with PCP caused significant cell lysis suggesting plasma membrane damage which was also evident from inhibition of bound enzymes. Scanning electron microscopy of erythrocytes confirmed these biochemical results and showed that PCP treatment converted the normal biconcave discoids to echinocytes and other irregularly shaped cells. Thus, PCP induces oxidative and nitrosative stress in erythrocytes, alters the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems, inhibits glucose metabolism, and causes significant modifications in cellular morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Maheshwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Fahim Halim Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
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102
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Guo X, Han C, Ma K, Xia Y, Wan F, Yin S, Kou L, Sun Y, Wu J, Hu J, Huang J, Xiong N, Wang T. Hydralazine Protects Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons From MPP + and MPTP Induced Neurotoxicity: Roles of Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway. Front Neurol 2019; 10:271. [PMID: 30949126 PMCID: PMC6435581 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the pathogenic mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unclear, ample empirical evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is known to activate several antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven antioxidative genes that prevents oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, it was documented that hydralazine is a potent Nrf2 activator. In this study, we tested whether hydralazine can attenuate 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)- induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo by activating Nrf2 and its downstream network of antioxidative genes. We found that treatment with hydralazine attenuated MPP+ or H2O2-induced loss of cell viability in human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). In addition, hydralazine significantly promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and upregulated the expression of its downstream antioxidative genes. Further, knockout of Nrf2 abolished the protection conferred by hydralazine on MPP+ -induced cell death. Similar findings were observed in vivo. Before, during, and after MPTP 30 mg/kg (i.p.) administration for 7 days, the mice were given hydralazine (Hyd) 51.7 mg/kg per day by oral gavage for 3 weeks. Oral administration of hydralazine ameliorated oxidative stress, MPTP-induced behavioral disorder, and loss of neurons of dopaminergic system in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum, all of which were attributed to its ability to activate the Nrf2-ARE pathway. Hydralazine increased the migration of Nrf2 to the nucleus in dopaminergic neurons, enhanced the expression of its downstream antioxidative genes. Together, these datasets show that the Nrf2-ARE pathway mediates the protective effects of hydralazine on Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC and Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sijia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Kou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yadi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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103
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Ferguson GD, Bridge WJ. The glutathione system and the related thiol network in Caenorhabditis elegans. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101171. [PMID: 30901603 PMCID: PMC6429583 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the field of redox biology have contributed to the understanding of the complexity of the thiol-based system in mediating signal transduction. The redox environment is the overall spatiotemporal balance of oxidation-reduction systems within the integrated compartments of the cell, tissues and whole organisms. The ratio of the reduced to disulfide glutathione redox couple (GSH:GSSG) is a key indicator of the redox environment and its associated cellular health. The reaction mechanisms of glutathione-dependent and related thiol-based enzymes play a fundamental role in the function of GSH as a redox regulator. Glutathione homeostasis is maintained by the balance of GSH synthesis (de novo and salvage pathways) and its utilization through its detoxification, thiol signalling, and antioxidant defence functions via GSH-dependent enzymes and free radical scavenging. As such, GSH acts in concert with the entire redox network to maintain reducing conditions in the cell. Caenorhabditis elegans offers a simple model to facilitate further understanding at the multicellular level of the physiological functions of GSH and the GSH-dependent redox network. This review discusses the C. elegans studies that have investigated glutathione and related systems of the redox network including; orthologs to the protein-encoding genes of GSH synthesis; glutathione peroxidases; glutathione-S-transferases; and the glutaredoxin, thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Douglas Ferguson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Wallace John Bridge
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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104
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Glutathione S-transferase is a good biomarker in acrylamide induced neurotoxicity and genotoxicity. Interdiscip Toxicol 2019; 11:115-121. [PMID: 31719782 PMCID: PMC6829684 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2018-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are major defence enzymes of the antioxidant enzymatic system. Cytosolic GSTs are more involved in the detoxification than mitochondrial and microsomal GSTs. GSTs are localized in the cerebellum and hippocampus of the rat brain. Acrylamide (AC) is a well assessed neurotoxin of both animals and humans and it produces skeletal muscle weakness and ataxia. AC is extensively used in several industries such as cosmetic, paper, textile, in ore processing, as soil conditioners, flocculants for waste water treatment and it is present in daily consumed food products, like potato chips, French fries, bread, breakfast cereals and beverages like coffee; it is detected on tobacco smoking. GST acts as a biomarker in response to acrylamide. AC can interact with DNA and therefore generate mutations. In rats, low level expression of glutathione S-trasferase (GST) decreases both memory and life span. The major aim of this review is to provide better information on the antioxidant role of GST against AC induced neurotoxicity and genotoxicity.
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105
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Marcionetti A, Rossier V, Roux N, Salis P, Laudet V, Salamin N. Insights into the Genomics of Clownfish Adaptive Radiation: Genetic Basis of the Mutualism with Sea Anemones. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:869-882. [PMID: 30830203 PMCID: PMC6430985 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clownfishes are an iconic group of coral reef fishes, especially known for their mutualism with sea anemones. This mutualism is particularly interesting as it likely acted as the key innovation that triggered clownfish adaptive radiation. Indeed, after the acquisition of the mutualism, clownfishes diversified into multiple ecological niches linked with host and habitat use. However, despite the importance of this mutualism, the genetic mechanisms allowing clownfishes to interact with sea anemones are still unclear. Here, we used a comparative genomics and molecular evolutionary analyses to investigate the genetic basis of clownfish mutualism with sea anemones. We assembled and annotated the genome of nine clownfish species and one closely related outgroup. Orthologous genes inferred between these species and additional publicly available teleost genomes resulted in almost 16,000 genes that were tested for positively selected substitutions potentially involved in the adaptation of clownfishes to live in sea anemones. We identified 17 genes with a signal of positive selection at the origin of clownfish radiation. Two of them (Versican core protein and Protein O-GlcNAse) show particularly interesting functions associated with N-acetylated sugars, which are known to be involved in sea anemone discharge of toxins. This study provides the first insights into the genetic mechanisms of clownfish mutualism with sea anemones. Indeed, we identified the first candidate genes likely to be associated with clownfish protection form sea anemones, and thus the evolution of their mutualism. Additionally, the genomic resources acquired represent a valuable resource for further investigation of the genomic basis of clownfish adaptive radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marcionetti
- Department of Computational Biology, Génopode, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Victor Rossier
- Department of Computational Biology, Génopode, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Roux
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne University, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Pauline Salis
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne University, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne University, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Computational Biology, Génopode, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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106
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Kim RO, Kim H, Lee YM. Evaluation of 4-nonylphenol and bisphenol A toxicity using multiple molecular biomarkers in the water flea Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:167-174. [PMID: 30612256 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-2009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alkylphenols are well-known endocrine disruptors and may cause developmental and reproductive disorders in aquatic organisms. Daphnia magna is commonly used in ecotoxicological studies as a promising model species to investigate the effects of endocrine distruptors. In the present study, transcriptional modulation of eleven potential molecular indicators related to detoxification, antioxidant, development, and cellular stress was analyzed in D. magna exposed to different concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) for 24 h and 48 h, using real-time qPCR. A hierarchical clustering analysis was applied to investigate relations among molecular markers depending on the compound, exposure duration, and concentration. Our findings suggested that GSH-related systems and stress proteins may be involved in cellular defense against BPA and 4-NP-mediated toxicity with different modes of action. Furthermore, these compounds may interrupt molting and reproduction in daphnids. In particular, D. magna GSH-related genes seem to be strongly affected by 4-NP exposure, indicating their potential as molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeo-Ok Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haeyoun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea.
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107
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Tierbach A, Groh KJ, Schönenberger R, Schirmer K, Suter MJF. Glutathione S-Transferase Protein Expression in Different Life Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Toxicol Sci 2019; 162:702-712. [PMID: 29361160 PMCID: PMC5888913 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is a widely used animal model in biomedical sciences and toxicology. Although evidence for the presence of phases I and II xenobiotic defense mechanisms in zebrafish exists on the transcriptional and enzyme activity level, little is known about the protein expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Given the important role of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in phase II biotransformation, we analyzed cytosolic GST proteins in zebrafish early life stages and different organs of adult male and female fish, using a targeted proteomics approach. The established multiple reaction monitoring-based assays enable the measurement of the relative abundance of specific GST isoenzymes and GST classes in zebrafish through a combination of proteotypic peptides and peptides shared within the same class. GSTs of the classes alpha, mu, pi and rho are expressed in zebrafish embryo as early as 4 h postfertilization (hpf). The majority of GST enzymes are present at 72 hpf followed by a continuous increase in expression thereafter. In adult zebrafish, GST expression is organ dependent, with most of the GST classes showing the highest expression in the liver. The expression of a wide range of cytosolic GST isoenzymes and classes in zebrafish early life stages and adulthood supports the use of zebrafish as a model organism in chemical-related investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Tierbach
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPF Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, 8045 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - René Schönenberger
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPF Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J-F Suter
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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108
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Shishido Y, Tomoike F, Kuwata K, Fujikawa H, Sekido Y, Murakami-Tonami Y, Kameda T, Abe N, Kimura Y, Shuto S, Abe H. A Covalent Inhibitor for Glutathione S-Transferase Pi (GSTP 1-1 ) in Human Cells. Chembiochem 2019; 20:900-905. [PMID: 30548113 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase π (GSTP1-1 ) is overexpressed in many types of cancer and is involved in drug resistance. Therefore, GSTP1-1 is an important target in cancer therapy, and many GST inhibitors have been reported. We had previously developed an irreversible inhibitor, GS-ESF, as an effective GST inhibitor; however, its cellular permeability was too low for it to be used in inhibiting intracellular GST. We have now developed new irreversible inhibitors by introducing sulfonyl fluoride (SF) into chloronitrobenzene (CNB). The mechanism of action was revealed to be that CNBSF first reacts with glutathione (GSH) through an aromatic substitution in the cell, then the sulfonyl group on the GSH conjugate with CNBSF reacts with Tyr108 of GST to form a sulfonyl ester bond. Our new inhibitor irreversible inhibited GSTP1-1 both in vitro and in cellulo with a long duration of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Shishido
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tomoike
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Haruka Fujikawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1, Kanokoden, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yuko Murakami-Tonami
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1, Kanokoden, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan.,Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomoshi Kameda
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-4-7, Aomi, Ko-to-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Naoko Abe
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kimura
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
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109
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Jin S, Bian C, Jiang S, Sun S, Xu L, Xiong Y, Qiao H, Zhang W, You X, Li J, Gong Y, Ma B, Shi Q, Fu H. Identification of Candidate Genes for the Plateau Adaptation of a Tibetan Amphipod, Gammarus lacustris, Through Integration of Genome and Transcriptome Sequencing. Front Genet 2019; 10:53. [PMID: 30804987 PMCID: PMC6378286 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The amphipod Gammarus lacustris has been distributing in the Tibetan region with well-known uplifts of the Tibetan plateau. It is hence considered as a good model for investigating stress adaptations of the plateau. Here, we sequenced the whole-genome and full-length transcriptome of G. lacustris, and compared the transcriptome results with its counterpart Gammarus pisinnus from a nearby plain. Our main goal was to provide a genomic resource for investigation of genetic mechanisms, by which G. lacustris adapted to living on the plateau. The final draft genome assembly of G. lacustris was 5.07 gigabases (Gb), and it contained 443,304 scaffolds (>2 kb) with an N50 of 2,578 bp. A total of 8,858 unigenes were predicted in the full-length transcriptome of G. lacustris, with an average gene length of 1,811 bp. Compared with the G. pisinnus transcriptome, 2,672 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated and 2,881 DEGs were down-regulated in the G. lacustris transcriptome. Along with these critical DEGs, several enriched metabolic pathways, such as oxidative phosphorylation, ribosome, cell energy homeostasis, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, were predicted to play essential roles in the plateau adaptation. In summary, the present study provides a genomic basis for understanding the plateau adaption of G. lacustris, which lays a fundamental basis for further biological and ecological studies on other resident aquatic species in the Tibetan plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Chao Bian
- BGI Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Shengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yiwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Xinxin You
- BGI Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Li
- BGI Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Haebin, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- BGI Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
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110
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Pedroza A, Ferreira DS, Santana DF, da Silva PT, de Aguiar Júnior FCA, Sellitti DF, Lagranha CJ. A maternal low-protein diet and neonatal overnutrition result in similar changes to glomerular morphology and renal cortical oxidative stress measures in male Wistar rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:164-171. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong correlation between inadequate gestational and postpartum nutrition and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. The present study investigated the effects of a maternal low-protein diet and neonatal overfeeding on the oxidative balance and morphology of the renal cortex of male Wistar rats. Two independent protocols were used. First, pregnant Wistar rats received diets containing either 17% (normal protein) or 8% (low protein) casein throughout pregnancy and lactation. Second, the litter size was reduced by one-third on the third postnatal day to induce overnourishment in offspring. At 30 days, the oxidative balance and morphology of the renal cortex were analyzed. There was a small but significant increase in renal corpuscle area in the low protein (LP, 5%) and overnutrition (ON, 8%) groups. Glomerular tuft area also increased in LP (6%) and ON (9%), as did glomerular cellularity (LP, +11%; ON, +12%). In the oxidative stress analyses, both nutritional insults significantly elevated lipid peroxidation (LP, +18%; ON, +135%) and protein oxidation (LP, +40%; ON, +65%) while significantly reducing nonenzymatic antioxidant defenses, measured as reduced glutathione (LP, –32%; ON, –45%) and total thiol content (LP, –28%; ON, –24%). We also observed a decrease in superoxide dismutase (LP, –78%; ON, –51%), catalase (LP, –18%; ON, –61%), and glutathione S-transferase (only in ON, –44%) activities. Our results demonstrate that nutritional insults, even those of a very different nature, during perinatal development can result in similar changes in oxidative parameters and glomerular morphology in the renal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Pedroza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Diorginis Soares Ferreira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, 55608-680, Brazil
| | - David F. Santana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Pedro Thiago da Silva
- Department of Biology, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, 55608-680, Brazil
| | | | - Donald F. Sellitti
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA
| | - Claudia J. Lagranha
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, 55608-680, Brazil
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111
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Mrdaković M, Ilijin L, Vlahović M, Filipović A, Grčić A, Todorović D, Perić-Mataruga V. Effects of dietary fluoranthene on nymphs of Blaptica dubia S. (Blattodea: Blaberidae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:6216-6222. [PMID: 30628004 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants which exert detrimental effects on living beings. Considering the health risk associated with exposure to these pollutants, their presence in food increases efforts to establish early-warning indicators of pollution. We aimed to examine the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of fluoranthene (0.2 ng and 18 ng/g dry weight of diet) on the activities of midgut antioxidant and detoxification enzymes in Blaptica dubia. Significant changes of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, recorded at the higher fluoranthene concentration regardless of the exposure time, suggest that they may be used as biomarkers of PAH pollution. Increased GST activity and decreased total GSH content, detected upon acute exposure to the lower concentration, indicate processes of detoxification. Reorganization of B. dubia mechanisms of defense in response to oxidative stress caused by exposure to dietary PAH point to the necessity for further examination of fluoranthene actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Mrdaković
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Larisa Ilijin
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vlahović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Filipović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anja Grčić
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dajana Todorović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Perić-Mataruga
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, Belgrade, Serbia
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112
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Wang W, Hu C, Li XR, Wang XQ, Yang XQ. CpGSTd3 is a lambda-Cyhalothrin Metabolizing Glutathione S-Transferase from Cydia pomonella (L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1165-1172. [PMID: 30638381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the role of specific delta GST genes in the detoxification of lambda-cyhalothrin in the global quarantine fruit pest codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). Real-time quantitative PCR shows that CpGSTd3 was ubiquitously expressed at all developmental stages and is most abundant in the larval stage and lowest in the egg stage; the mRNA level of CpGSTd3 is higher in the midgut and Malpighian tubules of fourth-instar larvae and abdomens of adults than in other tissues. Exposure of fourth-instar larvae to an LD10 dosage of lambda-cyhalothrin significantly induced the transcript of CpGSTd3 at 3 h, but the mRNA level was down-regulated after 12 h of treatment. Recombinant CpGSTd3 expressed in Escherichia coli was able to catalyze the conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and with an IC50 value of 0.65 mM for lambda-cyhalothrin. Metabolism assays indicate that recombinant CpGSTd3 could metabolize lambda-cyhalothrin. These results suggest that CpGSTd3 is probably a lambda-cyhalothrin metabolizing GST in C. pomonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Plant Protection , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866 , Liaoning , China
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province , Shenyang 110866 , Liaoning , China
| | - Chao Hu
- College of Plant Protection , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866 , Liaoning , China
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province , Shenyang 110866 , Liaoning , China
| | - Xin-Ru Li
- College of Plant Protection , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866 , Liaoning , China
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province , Shenyang 110866 , Liaoning , China
| | - Xiao-Qi Wang
- College of Plant Protection , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866 , Liaoning , China
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province , Shenyang 110866 , Liaoning , China
| | - Xue-Qing Yang
- College of Plant Protection , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866 , Liaoning , China
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province , Shenyang 110866 , Liaoning , China
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113
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Shehu D, Alias Z. Dechlorination of polychlorobiphenyl degradation metabolites by a recombinant glutathione S-transferase from Acidovorax sp. KKS102. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:408-419. [PMID: 30868049 PMCID: PMC6396153 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A glutathione S-transferase (GST) with a potential dehalogenation function against various organochlorine substrates was identified from a polychlorobiphenyl (PCB)-degrading organism, Acidovorax sp. KKS102. A homolog of the gene BphK (biphenyl upper pathway K), named BphK-KKS, was cloned, purified and biochemically characterized. Bioinformatic analysis indicated several conserved amino acids that participated in the catalytic activity of the enzyme, and site-directed mutagenesis of these conserved amino acids revealed their importance in the enzyme's catalytic activity. The wild-type and mutant (C10F, K107T and A180P) recombinant proteins displayed wider substrate specificity. The wild-type recombinant GST reacted towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), ethacrynic acid, hydrogen peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide. The mutated recombinant proteins, however, showed significant variation in specific activities towards the substrates. A combination of a molecular docking study and a chloride ion detection assay showed potential interaction with and a dechlorination function against 2-, 3- and 4-chlorobenzoates (metabolites generated during PCB biodegradation) in addition to some organochlorine pesticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, endosulfan and permethrin). It was demonstrated that the behavior of the dechlorinating activities varied among the wild-type and mutant recombinant proteins. Kinetic studies (using CDNB and glutathione) showed that the kinetic parameters K m, V max, K cat and K m/K cat were all affected by the mutations. While C10F and A180P mutants displayed an increase in GST activity and the dechlorination function of the enzyme, the K107T mutant displayed variable results, suggesting a functional role of Lys107 in determining substrate specificity of the enzyme. These results demonstrated that the enzyme should be valuable in the bioremediation of metabolites generated during PCB biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayyabu Shehu
- Institute of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry College of Health Sciences Bayero University Kano Nigeria
| | - Zazali Alias
- Institute of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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114
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Line K, Isupov MN, LaCourse EJ, Cutress DJ, Morphew RM, Brophy PM, Littlechild JA. X-ray structure of Fasciola hepatica Sigma class glutathione transferase 1 reveals a disulfide bond to support stability in gastro-intestinal environment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:902. [PMID: 30696975 PMCID: PMC6351632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma class GST (Prostaglandin D synthase), FhGST-S1, is present in the excretory–secretory products (ES) of the liver fluke parasite Fasciola hepatica as cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by the parasite. FhGST-S1 has a well characterised role in the modulation of the immune response; a key fluke intercession that allows for establishment and development within their hosts. We have resolved the three-dimensional structure of FhGST-S1 in complex with its co-factor glutathione, in complex with a glutathione-cysteine adduct, and in a glutathione disulfide complex in order to initiate a research pipeline to mechanistically understand how FhGST-S1 functions within the host environment and to rationally design selective inhibitors. The overall fold of FhGST-S1 shows high structural similarity to other Sigma class GSTs. However, a unique interdomain disulfide bond was found in the FhGST-S1 which could stabilise the structure within the host gastro-intestinal environment. The position of the two domains of the protein with respect to each other is seen to be crucial in the formation of the active site cleft of the enzyme. The interdomain disulfide bond raises the possibility of oxidative regulation of the active site of this GST protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Line
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Michail N Isupov
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - E James LaCourse
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, UK
| | - David J Cutress
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Russell M Morphew
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Peter M Brophy
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK.
| | - Jennifer A Littlechild
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
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115
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Miller S, Tsou PS, Coit P, Gensterblum-Miller E, Renauer P, Rohraff DM, Kilian NC, Schonfeld M, Sawalha AH. Hypomethylation of STAT1 and HLA-DRB1 is associated with type-I interferon-dependent HLA-DRB1 expression in lupus CD8+ T cells. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:519-528. [PMID: 30674474 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined genome-wide DNA methylation changes in CD8+ T cells from patients with lupus and controls and investigated the functional relevance of some of these changes in lupus. METHODS Genome-wide DNA methylation of lupus and age, sex and ethnicity-matched control CD8+ T cells was measured using the Infinium MethylationEPIC arrays. Measurement of relevant cell subsets was performed via flow cytometry. Gene expression was quantified by qPCR. Inhibiting STAT1 and CIITA was performed using fludarabine and CIITA siRNA, respectively. RESULTS Lupus CD8+ T cells had 188 hypomethylated CpG sites compared with healthy matched controls. Among the most hypomethylated were sites associated with HLA-DRB1. Genes involved in the type-I interferon response, including STAT1, were also found to be hypomethylated. IFNα upregulated HLA-DRB1 expression on lupus but not control CD8+ T cells. Lupus and control CD8+ T cells significantly increased STAT1 mRNA levels after treatment with IFNα. The expression of CIITA, a key interferon/STAT1 dependent MHC-class II regulator, is induced by IFNα in lupus CD8+ T cells, but not healthy controls. CIITA knockdown and STAT1 inhibition experiments revealed that HLA-DRB1 expression in lupus CD8+ T cells is dependent on CIITA and STAT1 signalling. Coincubation of naïve CD4+ T cells with IFNα-treated CD8+ T cells led to CD4+ T cell activation, determined by increased expression of CD69 and cytokine production, in patients with lupus but not in healthy controls. This can be blocked by neutralising antibodies targeting HLA-DR. CONCLUSIONS Lupus CD8+ T cells are epigenetically primed to respond to type-I interferon. We describe an HLA-DRB1+ CD8+ T cell subset that can be induced by IFNα in patients with lupus. A possible pathogenic role for CD8+ T cells in lupus that is dependent on a high type-I interferon environment and epigenetic priming warrants further characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaylynn Miller
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pei-Suen Tsou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick Coit
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Paul Renauer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dallas M Rohraff
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nathan C Kilian
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mark Schonfeld
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA .,Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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116
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Tan HM, Low WY. Rapid birth-death evolution and positive selection in detoxification-type glutathione S-transferases in mammals. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209336. [PMID: 30586459 PMCID: PMC6306238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-Transferases (GSTs) are phase II detoxification enzymes that may have evolved in response to changes of environmental substrates. GST genes formed a multigene family and in mammals, there are six classes known as Alpha, Mu, Omega, Pi, Theta, and Zeta. Recent studies in phase I detoxification system specifically the cytochrome P450s provided a general explanation on why genes from a common origin such as those in a multigene family have both phylogenetically stable and unstable genes. Genes that participate in core functions of organisms such as development and physiology are stable whereas genes that play a role in detoxification are unstable and evolve in a process known as birth-death evolution, which is characterised by frequent gene gains and losses. The generality of the birth-death model at explaining the evolution of detoxification enzymes beyond the phase I enzyme has not been comprehensively explored. This work utilized 383 Gst genes and 300 pseudogenes across 22 mammalian species to study gene gains and losses. GSTs vary greatly in their phylogenetic stability despite their overall sequence similarity. Stable Gst genes from Omega and Zeta classes do not show fluctuation in gene numbers from human to opossum. These genes play a role in biosynthesis related functions. Unstable genes that include Alpha, Mu, Pi and Theta undergo frequent gene gain and loss in a process known as birth-death evolution. Gene members of these four classes are well known for their roles in detoxification. Our positive selection screen identified five positively selected sites in mouse GSTA3. Previous studies showed two of these sites (108H and 208E) were biochemically tested as important residues that conferred catalytic activity against the toxic aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide. The functional significance against aflatoxin of the remaining three positively selected sites warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ming Tan
- Center for Bioinformatics, Perdana University School of Data Science, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yee Low
- Center for Bioinformatics, Perdana University School of Data Science, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- The Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
- * E-mail:
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117
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Bui VC, Franken P. Acclimatization of Rhizophagus irregularis Enhances Zn Tolerance of the Fungus and the Mycorrhizal Plant Partner. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3156. [PMID: 30619220 PMCID: PMC6305351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi confer heavy metal tolerance to plants, but this characteristic differs between different AM fungal strains. We tested the hypotheses if acclimatization of an AM fungus to Zn stress is possible and if this leads also to higher Zn tolerance of mycorrhizal plants. The AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis was acclimatized in root organ cultures (Daucus carota L.) to Zn resulting in an acclimatized (Acc+) strain. The non-acclimatized (Acc-) strain remained untreated. Fungal development and RNA accumulation of a set of stress-related genes were analyzed in root organ cultures and the capacity of conferring Zn tolerance to maize plants was investigated in pot cultures. Development of Acc+ strain was significantly higher than Acc- strain, when strains were grown in Zn-enriched root organ cultures, whereas the growth of the Acc+ strain was reduced on normal medium probably due to a higher Zn demand compared to the Acc- strain. RNA accumulation analyses revealed different expression patterns of genes encoding glutathione S-transferase (RiGST), superoxide dismutase (RiSOD) and glutaredoxin (RiGRX) between the two strains. Plants inoculated with the Acc+ strain showed higher biomass and lower Zn content than those inoculated with the Acc- strain. The results showed that R. irregularis can be acclimatized to increased amounts of Zn. This acclimatization leads not only to improved fungal development in Zn-stress conditions, but also to an increase of mycorrhiza-induced Zn tolerance of colonized plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Cuong Bui
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Philipp Franken
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
- Plant Physiology Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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118
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Kontur WS, Olmsted CN, Yusko LM, Niles AV, Walters KA, Beebe ET, Vander Meulen KA, Karlen SD, Gall DL, Noguera DR, Donohue TJ. A heterodimeric glutathione S-transferase that stereospecifically breaks lignin's β( R)-aryl ether bond reveals the diversity of bacterial β-etherases. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:1877-1890. [PMID: 30541921 PMCID: PMC6369299 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a heterogeneous polymer of aromatic subunits that is a major component of lignocellulosic plant biomass. Understanding how microorganisms deconstruct lignin is important for understanding the global carbon cycle and could aid in developing systems for processing plant biomass into valuable commodities. Sphingomonad bacteria use stereospecific glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) called β-etherases to cleave the β-aryl ether (β-O-4) bond, the most common bond between aromatic subunits in lignin. Previously characterized bacterial β-etherases are homodimers that fall into two distinct GST subclasses: LigE homologues, which cleave the β(R) stereoisomer of the bond, and LigF homologues, which cleave the β(S) stereoisomer. Here, we report on a heterodimeric β-etherase (BaeAB) from the sphingomonad Novosphingobium aromaticivorans that stereospecifically cleaves the β(R)-aryl ether bond of the di-aromatic compound β-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-γ-hydroxypropiovanillone (MPHPV). BaeAB's subunits are phylogenetically distinct from each other and from other β-etherases, although they are evolutionarily related to LigF, despite the fact that BaeAB and LigF cleave different β-aryl ether bond stereoisomers. We identify amino acid residues in BaeAB's BaeA subunit important for substrate binding and catalysis, including an asparagine that is proposed to activate the GSH cofactor. We also show that BaeAB homologues from other sphingomonads can cleave β(R)-MPHPV and that they may be as common in bacteria as LigE homologues. Our results suggest that the ability to cleave the β-aryl ether bond arose independently at least twice in GSTs and that BaeAB homologues may be important for cleaving the β(R)-aryl ether bonds of lignin-derived oligomers in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne S Kontur
- From the Wisconsin Energy Institute.,the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, and
| | - Charles N Olmsted
- From the Wisconsin Energy Institute.,the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, and
| | - Larissa M Yusko
- From the Wisconsin Energy Institute.,the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, and
| | - Alyssa V Niles
- From the Wisconsin Energy Institute.,the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, and
| | - Kevin A Walters
- From the Wisconsin Energy Institute.,the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, and
| | - Emily T Beebe
- From the Wisconsin Energy Institute.,the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, and.,the Departments of Biochemistry
| | - Kirk A Vander Meulen
- From the Wisconsin Energy Institute.,the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, and.,the Departments of Biochemistry
| | - Steven D Karlen
- From the Wisconsin Energy Institute.,the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, and.,the Departments of Biochemistry
| | - Daniel L Gall
- From the Wisconsin Energy Institute.,the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, and
| | - Daniel R Noguera
- From the Wisconsin Energy Institute.,the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, and.,Civil and Environmental Engineering, and
| | - Timothy J Donohue
- From the Wisconsin Energy Institute, .,the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, and.,Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Pinto C, Custódio V, Nunes M, Songy A, Rabenoelina F, Courteaux B, Clément C, Gomes AC, Fontaine F. Understand the Potential Role of Aureobasidium pullulans, a Resident Microorganism From Grapevine, to Prevent the Infection Caused by Diplodia seriata. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3047. [PMID: 30619138 PMCID: PMC6297368 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are one of the major concern amongst grapevine diseases, responsible for the decline of vineyards and for several economical losses. Since grapevine is naturally colonized by resident microorganisms such as Aureobasidium pullulans, the present challenge is to understand their biocontrol potential and how such microorganisms can be successfully integrated in the control of GTDs. In this context, the first priority consists to exploit the plant-beneficial-phytopathogen interactions in plant model systems, to identify the most prevalent equilibrium limiting expression of GTDs. In the current study, we deep characterized the interaction of a resident and abundant microorganism from grapevine - Aureobasidium pullulans strain Fito_F278 - against D. seriata F98.1, a Botryosphaeria dieback agent, and with plant (cv Chardonnay). Results revealed that A. pullulans strain Fito_F278 was able to reduce significantly the mycelium growth of D. seriata F98.1 at 33.41 ± 0.55%, under in vitro conditions, though this reduction is possibly dependent on a direct interaction between strain Fito_F278 and pathogen. Furthermore, strain Fito_F278 was able to promote an induction of some plant defense responses in cutting plants, 1 week after the D. seriata F98.1 infection. Results evidenced that strain Fito_F278 colonized efficiently grapevine at both epiphyte and endophyte level, could persist on plant roots for long-periods (up to 2 months after its inoculation) and grow at different pH and high salinity conditions. Moreover, a significant decrease of the microbial load from soil and rhizosphere was observed in plants treated with the strain Fito_F278, suggesting its competitivity potential in a microbial ecosystem. Altogether, the present study gives the first insights about the interaction of A. pullulans strain Fito_F278, a resident microorganism, with grapevine, its potential role against a Botryosphaeria dieback agent, and highlights its importance to toward more resilient grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Pinto
- SFR Condorcet – FR CNRS 3417, Unité Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes (RIBP), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Genomics Unit, Biocant – Biotechnology Innovation Center, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Valéria Custódio
- Genomics Unit, Biocant – Biotechnology Innovation Center, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Mariana Nunes
- Genomics Unit, Biocant – Biotechnology Innovation Center, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Aurélie Songy
- SFR Condorcet – FR CNRS 3417, Unité Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes (RIBP), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Fanja Rabenoelina
- SFR Condorcet – FR CNRS 3417, Unité Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes (RIBP), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Barbara Courteaux
- SFR Condorcet – FR CNRS 3417, Unité Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes (RIBP), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- SFR Condorcet – FR CNRS 3417, Unité Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes (RIBP), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Ana Catarina Gomes
- Genomics Unit, Biocant – Biotechnology Innovation Center, Cantanhede, Portugal
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Florence Fontaine
- SFR Condorcet – FR CNRS 3417, Unité Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes (RIBP), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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120
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Prejanò M, Marino T, Russo N. On the Inhibition Mechanism of Glutathione Transferase P1 by Piperlongumine. Insight From Theory. Front Chem 2018; 6:606. [PMID: 30619815 PMCID: PMC6296316 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PL) is an anticancer compound whose activity is related to the inhibition of human glutathione transferase of pi class (GSTP1) overexpressed in cancerous tumors and implicated in the metabolism of electrophilic compounds. In the present work, the inhibition mechanism of hydrolyzed piperlongumine (hPL) has been investigated employing QM and QM/MM levels of theory. The potential energy surfaces (PESs) underline the contributions of Tyr residue close to G site in the catalytic pocket of the enzyme. The proposed mechanism occurs through a one-step process represented by the nucleophilic addition of the glutathione thiol to electrophilic species giving rise to the simultaneous C-S and H-C bonds formation. Both the used methods give barrier heights (19.8 and 21.5 kcal mol−1 at QM/MM and QM, respectively) close to that experimentally measured for the C-S bond formations (23.8 kcal mol−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Prejanò
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Huang W, Li H, Cheng C, Ren C, Chen T, Jiang X, Cheng K, Luo P, Hu C. Analysis of the transcriptome data in Litopenaeus vannamei reveals the immune basis and predicts the hub regulation-genes in response to high-pH stress. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207771. [PMID: 30517152 PMCID: PMC6281221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization erodes the farmlands and poses a serious threat to human life, reuse of the saline-alkali lands as cultivated resources becomes increasingly prominent. Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is an important farmed aquatic species for the development and utilization of the saline-alkali areas. However, little is known about the adaptation mechanism of this species in terms of high-pH stress. In the present study, a transcriptome analysis on the gill tissues of L. vannamei in response to high-pH stress (pH 9.3 ± 0.1) was conducted. After analyzing, the cyclic nucleotide gated channel-Ca2+ (CNGC-Ca2+) and patched 1 (Ptc1) were detected as the majority annotated components in the cAMP signaling pathway (KO04024), indicating that the CNGC-Ca2+ and Ptc1 might be the candidate components for transducing and maintaining the high-pH stress signals, respectively. The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), heat shock protein (HSP), glutathione s-transferase (GST), prophenoloxidase/phenoloxidase (proPO/PO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) and lipoprotein were discovered as the major transcribed immune factors in response to high-pH stress. To further detect hub regulation-genes, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed; the genes/proteins "Polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide A" (POLR2A), "Histone acetyltransferase p300" (EP300) and "Heat shock 70kDa protein 8" (HSPA8) were suggested as the top three hub regulation-genes in response to acute high-pH stress; the genes/proteins "Heat shock 70kDa protein 4" (HSPA4), "FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog" (FOS) and "Nucleoporin 54kDa" (NUP54) were proposed as the top three hub regulation-genes involved in adapting endurance high-pH stress; the protein-interactions of "EP300-HSPA8" and "HSPA4-NUP54" were detected as the most important biological interactions in response to the high-pH stress; and the HSP70 family genes might play essential roles in the adaptation of the high-pH stress environment in L. vannamei. These findings provide the first insight into the molecular and immune basis of L. vannamei in terms of high-pH environments, and the construction of a PPI network might improve our understanding in revealing the hub regulation-genes in response to abiotic stress in shrimp species and might be beneficial for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuhang Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Peng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (CH); (PL)
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (CH); (PL)
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Towarnicki SG, Ballard JWO. Mitotype Interacts With Diet to Influence Longevity, Fitness, and Mitochondrial Functions in Adult Female Drosophila. Front Genet 2018; 9:593. [PMID: 30555517 PMCID: PMC6284043 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the dietary macronutrient ratio are known to influence a wide range of phenotypic traits including longevity, fitness and energy production. Commonly mtDNA mutations are posited to be selectively neutral or reduce fitness and, to date, no selectively advantageous mtDNA mutations have been experimentally demonstrated in adult female Drosophila. Here we propose that a ND V161L mutation interacted with diets differing in their macronutrient ratios to influence organismal physiology and mitochondrial traits, but further studies are required to definitively show no linked mtDNA mutations are functionally significant. We utilized two mtDNA types (mitotypes) fed either a 1:2 Protein: Carbohydrate (P:C) or 1:16 P:C diet. When fed the former diet, Dahomey females harboring the V161L mitotype lived longer than those with the Alstonville mitotype and had higher climbing, basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevated glutathione S-transferase E1 expression. The short lived Alstonville females ate more, had higher walking speed and elevated mitochondrial functions as suggested by respiratory control ratio (RCR), mtDNA copy number and expression of mitochondrial transcription termination factor 3. In contrast, Dahomey females fed 1:16 P:C were shorter lived, had higher fecundity, walking speed and mitochondrial functions. They had reduced climbing. This result suggests that mtDNA cannot be assumed to be a strictly neutral evolutionary marker when the dietary macronutrient ratio of a species varies over time and space and supports the hypothesis that mtDNA diversity may reflect the amount of time since the last selective sweep rather than strictly demographic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. William O. Ballard
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Yamamoto K, Higashiura A, Hirowatari A, Yamada N, Tsubota T, Sezutsu H, Nakagawa A. Characterisation of a diazinon-metabolising glutathione S-transferase in the silkworm Bombyx mori by X-ray crystallography and genome editing analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16835. [PMID: 30443011 PMCID: PMC6237972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we found an unclassified glutathione S-transferase 2 (bmGSTu2) in the silkworm Bombyx mori that conjugates glutathione to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and also metabolises diazinon, an organophosphate insecticide. Here, we provide a structural and genome-editing characterisation of the diazinon-metabolising glutathione S-transferase in B. mori. The structure of bmGSTu2 was determined at 1.68 Å by X-ray crystallography. Mutation of putative amino acid residues in the substrate-binding site showed that Pro13, Tyr107, Ile118, Phe119, and Phe211 are crucial for enzymatic function. bmGSTu2 gene disruption resulted in a decrease in median lethal dose values to an organophosphate insecticide and a decrease in acetylcholine levels in silkworms. Taken together, these results indicate that bmGSTu2 could metabolise an organophosphate insecticide. Thus, this study provides insights into the physiological role of bmGSTu2 in silkworms, detoxification of organophosphate insecticides, and drug targets for the development of a novel insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Yamamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University Graduate School, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Akifumi Higashiura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Aiko Hirowatari
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University Graduate School, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naotaka Yamada
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University Graduate School, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsubota
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hideki Sezutsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakagawa
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Cisplatin Loaded Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Induce Resistance in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040228. [PMID: 30428555 PMCID: PMC6321179 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we developed a method for multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) use as carriers for a drug based on platinum in breast cancer therapy. The method of functionalization involves the carboxyl functionalization of nanotubes and encapsulation of cisplatin (CDDP) into MWCNTs. The biological properties of MWCNTs loaded with CDDP (MWCNT-COOH-CDDP) and of individual components MWCNT-COOH and free CDDP were evaluated on MDA-MB-231 cells. Various concentrations of CDDP (0.316–2.52 µg/mL) and MWCNTs (0.5–4 µg/mL) were applied on cells for 24 and 48 h. Only at high doses of CDDP (1.26 and 2.52 µg/mL) and MWCNT-COOH-CDDP (2 and 4 µg/mL) cell morphological changes were observed. The cellular viability decreased only with approx. 40% after 48 h of exposure to 2.52 µg/mL CDDP and 4 µg/mL MWCNT-COOH-CDDP despite the high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by MWCNTs starting with 24 h. After 48 h, ROS level dropped as a result of the antioxidant defence activation. We also found a significant decrease of caspase-3 and p53 expression after 48 h, accompanied by a down-regulation of NF-κB in cells exposed to MWCNT-COOH-CDDP system which promotes apoptosis escape and thus failing to overcome the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells resistance.
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125
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Xu L, Yang M, Fu H, Sun S, Qiao H, Zhang W, Gong Y, Jiang S, Xiong Y, Jin S, Wu Y. Molecular Cloning and Expression of MnGST-1 and MnGST-2 from Oriental River Prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense, in Response to Hypoxia and Reoxygenation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3102. [PMID: 30308983 PMCID: PMC6213060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutathione-S-transferase (GST) superfamily includes seven classes, and different classes have different functions. GST superfamily members function in various processes including detoxification of xenobiotics, protection against oxidative damage, and intracellular transport of hormones, endogenous metabolites, and exogenous chemicals. Herein, to elucidate the tissue-specific expression pattern of GSTs in response to hypoxia stress, which induces cell death, we investigated the expression of GSTs in response to hypoxia and reoxygenation in oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense. Full-length cDNAs of two δ class GSTs were cloned from the hepatopancreas, and named MnGST-1 and MnGST-2 based on the established GST nomenclature system. Expression profiles of both GSTs in various tissues were different under acute and chronic experimental hypoxia stress conditions, suggesting that both respond strongly to hypoxia-induced oxidative stress. However, the intensity of responses to hypoxia and reoxygenation were different in different tissues. During acute hypoxia stress, MnGST-1 responds earlier than MnGST-2 in the hepatopancreas and gill, but more slowly in muscle. By contrast, during chronic hypoxia stress, MnGST-2 plays a more important role in the hepatopancreas and gill than MnGST-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Shengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Hui Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Yiwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Shubo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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Malik A, Khan JM, Alamery SF, Fouad D, Labrou NE, Daoud MS, Abdelkader MO, Ataya FS. Monomeric Camelus dromedarius GSTM1 at low pH is structurally more thermostable than its native dimeric form. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205274. [PMID: 30303997 PMCID: PMC6179282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S‒transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional enzymes that play an important role in detoxification, cellular signalling, and the stress response. Camelus dromedarius is well-adapted to survive in extreme desert climate and it has GSTs, for which limited information is available. This study investigated the structure-function and thermodynamic properties of a mu-class camel GST (CdGSTM1) at different pH. Recombinant CdGSTM1 (25.7 kDa) was expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity. Dimeric CdGSTM1 dissociated into stable but inactive monomeric subunits at low pH. Conformational and thermodynamic changes during the thermal unfolding pathway of dimeric and monomeric CdGSTM1 were characterised via a thermal shift assay and dynamic multimode spectroscopy (DMS). The thermal shift assay based on intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence revealed that CdGSTM1 underwent a two-state unfolding pathway at pH 1.0-10.0. Its Tm value varied with varying pH. Another orthogonal technique based on far-UV CD also exhibited two-state unfolding in the dimeric and monomeric states. Generally, proteins tend to lose structural integrity and stability at low pH; however, monomeric CdGSTM1 at pH 2.0 was thermally more stable and unfolded with lower van't Hoff enthalpy. The present findings provide essential information regarding the structural, functional, and thermodynamic properties of CdGSTM1 at pH 1.0-10.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed M. Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman F. Alamery
- Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Fouad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nikolaos E. Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mohamed S. Daoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Unit Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Kasr Al-Ainy University Hospital, Cairo University, El-Manial, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed O. Abdelkader
- Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid S. Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Durand N, Pottier MA, Siaussat D, Bozzolan F, Maïbèche M, Chertemps T. Glutathione-S-Transferases in the Olfactory Organ of the Noctuid Moth Spodoptera littoralis, Diversity and Conservation of Chemosensory Clades. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1283. [PMID: 30319435 PMCID: PMC6171564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are conjugating enzymes involved in the detoxification of a wide range of xenobiotic compounds. The expression of GSTs as well as their activities have been also highlighted in the olfactory organs of several species, including insects, where they could play a role in the signal termination and in odorant clearance. Using a transcriptomic approach, we identified 33 putative GSTs expressed in the antennae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. We established their expression patterns and revealed four olfactory-enriched genes in adults. In order to investigate the evolution of antennal GST repertoires in moths, we re-annotated antennal transcripts corresponding to GSTs in two moth and one coleopteran species. We performed a large phylogenetic analysis that revealed an unsuspected structural—and potentially functional—diversity of GSTs within the olfactory organ of insects. This led us to identify a conserved clade containing most of the already identified antennal-specific and antennal-enriched GSTs from moths. In addition, for all the sequences from this clade, we were able to identify a signal peptide, which is an unusual structural feature for GSTs. Taken together, these data highlight the diversity and evolution of GSTs in the olfactory organ of a pest species and more generally in the olfactory system of moths, and also the conservation of putative extracellular members across multiple insect orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Durand
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Pottier
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Siaussat
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Bozzolan
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Martine Maïbèche
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Chertemps
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
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Fanelli F, Liuzzi VC, Logrieco AF, Altomare C. Genomic characterization of Trichoderma atrobrunneum (T. harzianum species complex) ITEM 908: insight into the genetic endowment of a multi-target biocontrol strain. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:662. [PMID: 30200883 PMCID: PMC6131884 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND So far, biocontrol agent selection has been performed mainly by time consuming in vitro confrontation tests followed by extensive trials in greenhouse and field. An alternative approach is offered by application of high-throughput techniques, which allow extensive screening and comparison among strains for desired genetic traits. In the genus Trichoderma, the past assignments of particular features or strains to one species need to be reconsidered according to the recent taxonomic revisions. Here we present the genome of a biocontrol strain formerly known as Trichoderma harzianum ITEM 908, which exhibits both growth promoting capabilities and antagonism against different fungal pathogens, including Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani, and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. By genomic analysis of ITEM 908 we investigated the occurrence and the relevance of genes associated to biocontrol and stress tolerance, providing a basis for future investigation aiming to unravel the complex relationships between genomic endowment and exhibited activities of this strain. RESULTS The MLST analysis of ITS-TEF1 concatenated datasets reclassified ITEM 908 as T. atrobrunneum, a species recently described within the T. harzianum species complex and phylogenetically close to T. afroharzianum and T. guizhouense. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of a broad range of genes encoding for carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZYmes), proteins involved in secondary metabolites production, peptaboils, epidithiodioxopiperazines and siderophores potentially involved in parasitism, saprophytic degradation as well as in biocontrol and antagonistic activities. This abundance is comparable to other Trichoderma spp. in the T. harzianum species complex, but broader than in other biocontrol species and in the species T. reesei, known for its industrial application in cellulase production. Comparative analysis also demonstrated similar genomic organization of major secondary metabolites clusters, as in other Trichoderma species. CONCLUSIONS Reported data provide a contribution to a deeper understanding of the mode of action and identification of activity-specific genetic markers useful for selection and improvement of biocontrol strains. This work will also enlarge the availability of genomic data to perform comparative studies with the aim to correlate phenotypic differences with genetic diversity of Trichoderma species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Vania Cosma Liuzzi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Altomare
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
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Roles of Two Glutathione-Dependent 3,6-Dichlorogentisate Dehalogenases in Rhizorhabdus dicambivorans Ndbn-20 in the Catabolism of the Herbicide Dicamba. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00623-18. [PMID: 29934333 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00623-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbicide dicamba is initially demethylated to 3,6-dichlorosalicylate (3,6-DCSA) in Rhizorhabdus dicambivorans Ndbn-20 and is subsequently 5-hydroxylated to 3,6-dichlorogentisate (3,6-DCGA). In the present study, two glutathione-dependent 3,6-DCGA dehalogenases, DsmH1 and DsmH2, were identified in strain Ndbn-20. DsmH2 shared a low identity (only 31%) with the tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) dehalogenase PcpC from Sphingobium chlorophenolicum ATCC 39723, while DsmH1 shared a high identity (79%) with PcpC. In the phylogenetic tree of related glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), DsmH1 and DsmH2, together with PcpC and the 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone dehalogenase LinD, formed a separate clade. DsmH1 and DsmH2 were synthesized in Escherichia coli BL21 and purified as His-tagged enzymes. Both enzymes required glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor and could 6-dechlorinate 3,6-DCGA to 3-chlorogentisate in vitro DsmH2 had a significantly higher catalytic efficiency toward 3,6-DCGA than DsmH1. Transcription and disruption analysis revealed that DsmH2 but not DsmH1 was responsible for the 6-dechlorination of 3,6-DCGA in strain Ndbn-20 in vivo Furthermore, we propose a novel eta class of GSTs to accommodate the four bacterial dehalogenases PcpC, LinD, DsmH1, and DsmH2.IMPORTANCE Dicamba is an important herbicide, and its use and leakage into the environment have dramatically increased since the large-scale planting of genetically modified (GM) dicamba-resistant crops in 2015. However, the complete catabolic pathway of dicamba has remained unknown, which limits ecotoxicological studies of this herbicide. Our previous study revealed that 3,6-DCGA was an intermediate of dicamba degradation in strain Ndbn-20. In this study, we identified two glutathione-dependent 3,6-DCGA dehalogenases, DsmH1 and DsmH2, and demonstrated that DsmH2 is physiologically responsible for the 6-dechlorination of 3,6-DCGA in strain Ndbn-20. GSTs play an important role in the detoxification and degradation of a variety of endogenous and exogenous toxic compounds. On the basis of their sequence identities, phylogenetic status, and functions, the four bacterial GSH-dependent dehalogenases (PcpC, LinD, DsmH1, and DsmH2) were reclassified as a new eta class of GSTs. This study helps us to elucidate the microbial catabolism of dicamba and enhances our understanding of the diversity and functions of GSTs.
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130
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The Gpr1-regulated Sur7 family protein Sfp2 is required for hyphal growth and cell wall stability in the mycoparasite Trichoderma atroviride. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12064. [PMID: 30104659 PMCID: PMC6089919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoparasites, e.g. fungi feeding on other fungi, are prominent within the genus Trichoderma and represent a promising alternative to chemical fungicides for plant disease control. We previously showed that the seven-transmembrane receptor Gpr1 regulates mycelial growth and asexual development and governs mycoparasitism-related processes in Trichoderma atroviride. We now describe the identification of genes being targeted by Gpr1 under mycoparasitic conditions. The identified gene set includes a candidate, sfp2, encoding a protein of the fungal-specific Sur7 superfamily, whose upregulation in T. atroviride upon interaction with a fungal prey is dependent on Gpr1. Sur7 family proteins are typical residents of membrane microdomains such as the membrane compartment of Can1 (MCC)/eisosome in yeast. We found that GFP-labeled Gpr1 and Sfp2 proteins show partly overlapping localization patterns in T. atroviride hyphae, which may point to shared functions and potential interaction during signal perception and endocytosis. Deletion of sfp2 caused heavily altered colony morphology, defects in polarized growth, cell wall integrity and endocytosis, and significantly reduced mycoparasitic activity, whereas sfp2 overexpression enhanced full overgrowth and killing of the prey. Transcriptional activation of a chitinase specific for hyphal growth and network formation and strong downregulation of chitin synthase-encoding genes were observed in Δsfp2. Taken together, these findings imply crucial functions of Sfp2 in hyphal morphogenesis of T. atroviride and its interaction with prey fungi.
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131
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Tossounian MA, Wahni K, Van Molle I, Vertommen D, Astolfi Rosado L, Messens J. Redox-regulated methionine oxidation of Arabidopsis thaliana glutathione transferase Phi9 induces H-site flexibility. Protein Sci 2018; 28:56-67. [PMID: 29732642 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione transferase enzymes help plants to cope with biotic and abiotic stress. They mainly catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) onto xenobiotics, and some act as glutathione peroxidase. With X-ray crystallography, kinetics, and thermodynamics, we studied the impact of oxidation on Arabidopsis thaliana glutathione transferase Phi 9 (GSTF9). GSTF9 has no cysteine in its sequence, and it adopts a universal GST structural fold characterized by a typical conserved GSH-binding site (G-site) and a hydrophobic co-substrate-binding site (H-site). At elevated H2 O2 concentrations, methionine sulfur oxidation decreases its transferase activity. This oxidation increases the flexibility of the H-site loop, which is reflected in lower activities for hydrophobic substrates. Determination of the transition state thermodynamic parameters shows that upon oxidation an increased enthalpic penalty is counterbalanced by a more favorable entropic contribution. All in all, to guarantee functionality under oxidative stress conditions, GSTF9 employs a thermodynamic and structural compensatory mechanism and becomes substrate of methionine sulfoxide reductases, making it a redox-regulated enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Armineh Tossounian
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium.,Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium
| | - Khadija Wahni
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium.,Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium
| | - Inge Van Molle
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium.,Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium
| | - Didier Vertommen
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Astolfi Rosado
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium.,Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium
| | - Joris Messens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium.,Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium
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132
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Stojanović VD, Barišić NA, Radovanović TD, Kovač NB, Djuran JD, Antić APE, Doronjski AD. Serum glutathione S-transferase Pi as predictor of the outcome and acute kidney injury in premature newborns. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33:1251-1256. [PMID: 29476242 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-3910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) among the neonates treated at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit is high with high mortality rates. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) class Pi plays an important role in the protection of cells from cytotoxic and oncogenic agents. The aim of the study was to examine whether the levels of serum glutathione S-transferase Pi (GST Pi) determined after birth have any predictive value for the outcome and development of AKI in premature neonates. METHODS The prospective study included 36 premature neonates. The data about morbidity was gathered for all the neonates included in the study. The blood samples were taken in the first 6 h of life and GST Pi levels were measured. RESULTS The mean values and standard deviations of GST Pi among the neonates who died and who survived were 1.904 ± 0.4535 vs 1.434 ± 0.444 ng/ml (p = 0.0128). Logistic regression revealed a statistically significant, positive correlation between GST Pi levels and death (p = 0.0180, OR7.5954; CI 1.4148-40.7748).The mean value of GST Pi levels in the neonates with AKI was higher than in neonates without AKI (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The conclusion of our study is that high levels of serum GST Pi in the first 6 h after birth are associated with an increased mortality and development of AKI in prematurely born neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna D Stojanović
- School of Medicine, Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, NICU/PICU, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 10, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
| | - Nenad A Barišić
- School of Medicine, Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, NICU/PICU, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 10, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Tanja D Radovanović
- Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, NICU/PICU, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša B Kovač
- Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, NICU/PICU, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena D Djuran
- Laboratory for Medical Biochemistry Medlab, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Aleksandra D Doronjski
- School of Medicine, Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, NICU/PICU, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 10, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
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133
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Bohannon ME, Porter TE, Lavoie ET, Ottinger MA. Differential expression of hepatic genes with embryonic exposure to an environmentally relevant PCB mixture in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:691-704. [PMID: 29932843 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1484308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The upper Hudson River was contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) Aroclor mixtures from the 1940s until the late 1970s. Several well-established biomarkers, such as induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, were used to measure exposure to PCBs and similar contaminants in birds. In the present study, Japanese quail eggs were injected with a PCB mixture based upon a congener profile found in spotted sandpiper eggs at the upper Hudson River and subsequently, RNA was extracted from hatchling liver tissue for hybridization to a customized chicken cDNA microarray. Nominal concentrations of the mixture used for microarray hybridization were 0, 6, 12, or 49 μg/g egg. Hepatic gene expression profiles were analyzed using cluster and pathway analyses. Results showed potentially useful biomarkers of both exposure and effect attributed to PCB mixture. Biorag and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis® analyses revealed differentially expressed genes including those involved in glycolysis, xenobiotic metabolism, replication, protein degradation, and tumor regulation. These genes included cytochrome P450 1A5 (CYP1A5), cytochrome b5 (CYB5), NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, glutathione S-transferase (GSTA), fructose bisphosphate aldolase (ALDOB), glycogen phosphorylase, carbonic anhydrase, and DNA topoisomerase II. CYP1A5, CYB5, GSTA, and ALDOB were chosen for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmation, as these genes exhibited a clear dose response on the array. Data demonstrated that an initial transcriptional profile associated with an environmentally relevant PCB mixture in Japanese quail occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith E Bohannon
- a Department of Environmental Science and Technology , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Tom E Porter
- b Department of Animal and Avian Sciences , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Emma T Lavoie
- b Department of Animal and Avian Sciences , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- c Department of Biology and Biochemistry , University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA
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134
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Eldakak M, Das A, Zhuang Y, Rohila JS, Glover K, Yen Y. A Quantitative Proteomics View on the Function of Qfhb1, a Major QTL for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat. Pathogens 2018; 7:E58. [PMID: 29932155 PMCID: PMC6161305 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a highly detrimental disease of wheat. A quantitative trait locus for FHB resistance, Qfhb1, is the most utilized source of resistance in wheat-breeding programs, but very little is known about its resistance mechanism. In this study, we elucidated a prospective FHB resistance mechanism by investigating the proteomic signatures of Qfhb1 in a pair of contrasting wheat near-isogenic lines (NIL) after 24 h of inoculation of wheat florets by Fusarium graminearum. Statistical comparisons of the abundances of protein spots on the 2D-DIGE gels of contrasting NILs (fhb1+ NIL = Qfhb1 present; fhb1- NIL = Qfhb1 absent) enabled us to select 80 high-ranking differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots. An additional evaluation confirmed that the DAP spots were specific to the spikelet from fhb1- NIL (50 spots), and fhb1+ NIL (seven spots). The proteomic data also suggest that the absence of Qfhb1 makes the fhb1- NIL vulnerable to Fusarium attack by constitutively impairing several mechanisms including sucrose homeostasis by enhancing starch synthesis from sucrose. In the absence of Qfhb1, Fusarium inoculations severely damaged photosynthetic machinery; altered the metabolism of carbohydrates, nitrogen and phenylpropanoids; disrupted the balance of proton gradients across relevant membranes; disturbed the homeostasis of many important signaling molecules induced the mobility of cellular repair; and reduced translational activities. These changes in the fhb1- NIL led to strong defense responses centered on the hypersensitive response (HSR), resulting in infected cells suicide and the consequent initiation of FHB development. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that Qfhb1 largely functions to either alleviate HSR or to manipulate the host cells to not respond to Fusarium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Eldakak
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA.
- Genetics Department, College of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt.
| | - Aayudh Das
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Yongbin Zhuang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA.
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Jai S Rohila
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA.
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA.
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA.
| | - Karl Glover
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA.
| | - Yang Yen
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA.
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135
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Park S, Ahn S, Shin Y, Yang Y, Yeom CH. Vitamin C in Cancer: A Metabolomics Perspective. Front Physiol 2018; 9:762. [PMID: 29971019 PMCID: PMC6018397 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an ongoing interest in cellular antioxidants and oxidants as well as cellular mechanisms underlying their effects. Several reports suggest that vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) functions as a pro-oxidant with selective toxicity against specific types of tumor cells. In addition, reduced glutathione plays an emerging role in reducing oxidative stress due to xenobiotic toxins such as metals and oxidants associated with diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. High-dose intravenous vitamin C and intravenous glutathione have been used as complementary, alternative, and adjuvant medicines. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of oxidation/reduction systems, focusing on the altered metabolomics profile in cancer cells following treatment with pharmacological vitamin C. This review focuses on the role of vitamin C in energy metabolism in terms of adenosine triphosphate, cysteine, and reduced glutathione levels, affecting cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Ahn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yujeong Shin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonjung Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
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136
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Zhou C, Yang H, Wang Z, Long GY, Jin DC. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) exposed to different insecticides. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8773. [PMID: 29884844 PMCID: PMC5993722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
White-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), one of the main agricultural insect pests in China, is resistant to a wide variety of insecticides. We used transcriptome analysis to compare the expression patterns of resistance- and stress-response genes in S. furcifera subjected to imidacloprid, deltamethrin, and triazophos stress, to determine the molecular mechanisms of resistance to these insecticides. A comparative analysis of gene expression under imidacloprid, deltamethrin, and triazophos stress revealed 1,123, 841, and 316 upregulated unigenes, respectively, compared to the control. These upregulated genes included seven P450s (two CYP2 clade, three CYP3 clade, and two CYP4 clade), one GST, one ABC transporter (ABCF), and seven Hsps (one 90 and six Hsp70s) under imidacloprid stress; one P450 (CYP3 clade), two ABC transporters (one ABCF and one ABCD), and one Hsp (Hsp90) under deltamethrin stress; one P450 (CYP3 clade) and one ABC transporter (ABCF) under triazophos stress. In addition, 80 genes were commonly upregulated in response to the three insecticide treatments, including laminin, larval cuticle protein, and fasciclin, which are associated with epidermal formation. These results provide a valuable resource for the molecular characterisation of insecticide action in S. furcifera, especially the molecular characteristics of insecticide cross resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China.
- College of Tobacco Science of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Zhao Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
- College of Environment and Life Sciences, Kaili University, Kaili, 556011, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Yun Long
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
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137
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Homologous Recombination in Core Genomes Facilitates Marine Bacterial Adaptation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02545-17. [PMID: 29572211 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02545-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of ecologically relevant genes is common among ocean bacteria, but whether it has a major impact on genome evolution in marine environments remains unknown. Here, we analyzed the core genomes of 16 phylogenetically diverse and ecologically relevant bacterioplankton lineages, each consisting of up to five genomes varying at the strain level. Statistical approaches identified from each lineage up to ∼50 loci showing anomalously high divergence at synonymous sites, which is best explained by recombination with distantly related organisms. The enriched gene categories in these outlier loci match well with the characteristics previously identified as the key phenotypes of these lineages. Examples are antibiotic synthesis and detoxification in Phaeobacter inhibens, exopolysaccharide production in Alteromonas macleodii, hydrocarbon degradation in Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, and cold adaptation in Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis Intriguingly, the outlier loci feature polysaccharide catabolism in Cellulophaga baltica but not in Cellulophaga lytica, consistent with their primary habitat preferences in macroalgae and beach sands, respectively. Likewise, analysis of Prochlorococcus showed that photosynthesis-related genes listed in the outlier loci are found only in the high-light-adapted ecotype and not in the low-light adapted ecotype. These observations strongly suggest that recombination with distant relatives is a key mechanism driving the ecological diversification among marine bacterial lineages.IMPORTANCE Acquisition of new metabolic genes has been known as an important mechanism driving bacterial evolution and adaptation in the ocean, but acquisition of novel alleles of existing genes and its potential ecological role have not been examined. Guided by population genetic theories, our genomic analysis showed that divergent allele acquisition is prevalent in phylogenetically diverse marine bacterial lineages and that the affected loci often encode metabolic functions that underlie the known ecological roles of the lineages under study.
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Cheng J, Wang CY, Lyu ZH, Lin T. Multiple Glutathione S-Transferase Genes in Heortia vitessoides (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): Identification and Expression Patterns. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:5037911. [PMID: 29912411 PMCID: PMC6007275 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the role of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in Heortia vitessoides Moore (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), one of the most destructive defoliating pests in Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg (Thymelaeaceae) forests, 16 GST cDNAs were identified in the transcriptome of adult H. vitessoides. All cDNAs included a complete open reading frame and were designated HvGSTd1-HvGSTu2. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the 16 HvGSTs were classified into seven different cytosolic classes; three in delta, two in epsilon, three in omega, three in sigma, one in theta, two in zeta, and two in unclassified. The expression patterns of these HvGSTs in various larval and adult tissues, following exposure to half the lethal concentrations (LC50s) of chlorantraniliprole and beta-cypermethrin, were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The expression levels of the 16 HvGSTs were found to differ among various larval and adult tissues. Furthermore, the RT-qPCR confirmed that the transcription levels of nine (HvGSTd1, HvGSTd3, HvGSTe2, HvGSTe3, HvGSTo3, HvGSTs1, HvGSTs3, HvGSTu1, and HvGSTu2) and six (HvGSTd1, HvGSTd3, HvGSTe2, HvGSTo2, HvGSTs1, and HvGSTu1) HvGST genes were significantly higher in the fourth-instar larvae following exposure to the insecticides chlorantraniliprole and beta-cypermethrin, respectively. These genes are potential candidates involved in the detoxification of these two insecticides. Further studies utilizing the RNA interference approach are required to enhance our understanding of the functions of these genes in this forest pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Hao Lyu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Lin
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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Function and Regulation of Protein Kinase D in Oxidative Stress: A Tale of Isoforms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2138502. [PMID: 29854077 PMCID: PMC5944262 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2138502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a condition that arises when cells are faced with levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that destabilize the homeostatic redox balance. High levels of ROS can cause damage to macromolecules including DNA, lipids, and proteins, eventually resulting in cell death. Moderate levels of ROS however serve as signaling molecules that can drive and potentiate several cellular phenotypes. Increased levels of ROS are associated with a number of diseases including neurological disorders and cancer. In cancer, increased ROS levels can contribute to cancer cell survival and proliferation via the activation of several signaling pathways. One of the downstream effectors of increased ROS is the protein kinase D (PKD) family of kinases. In this review, we will discuss the regulation and function of this family of ROS-activated kinases and describe their unique isoform-specific features, in terms of both kinase regulation and signaling output.
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140
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Balakrishnan B, Su S, Wang K, Tian R, Chen M. Identification, Expression, and Regulation of an Omega Class Glutathione S-transferase in Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Under Insecticide Stress. Front Physiol 2018; 9:427. [PMID: 29731722 PMCID: PMC5920109 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an essential role in the detoxification of xenobiotic toxins in insects, including insecticides. However, few data are available for the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). In this study, we cloned and sequenced the full-length cDNA of an omega GST gene (RpGSTO1) from R. padi, which contains 720 bp in length and encodes 239 amino acids. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that RpGSTO1 belongs to the omega class of insect GSTs. RpGSTO1 gene was highly expressed in transformed Escherichia coli and the protein was purified by affinity chromatography. The recombinant RpGSTO1 displayed reduced glutathione (GSH)-dependent conjugating activity toward the substrate 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) substrate. The recombinant RpGSTO1 protein exhibited optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 30°C. In addition, a disk diffusion assay showed that E. coli overexpressing RpGSTO1 increased resistance to cumene hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the relative expression level of RpGSTO1 was different in response to different insecticides, suggesting that the enzyme could contribute to insecticide metabolism in R. padi. These findings indicate that RpGSTO1 may play a crucial role in counteracting oxidative stress and detoxifying the insecticides. The results of our study contribute to a better understanding the mechanisms of insecticide detoxification and resistance in R. padi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Balakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sha Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruizheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Maohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Dai X, Bowatte G, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Gurrin LC, Burgess JA, Dharmage SC, Lodge CJ. Do Glutathione S-Transferase Genes Modify the Link between Indoor Air Pollution and Asthma, Allergies, and Lung Function? A Systematic Review. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2018; 18:20. [PMID: 29557517 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-018-0771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes are involved in oxidative stress management and may modify the impact of indoor air pollution. We aimed to assess the influence of GST genes on the relationship between indoor air pollution and allergy/lung function. RECENT FINDINGS Our systematic review identified 22 eligible studies, with 15 supporting a gene-environment interaction. Carriers of GSTM1/T1 null and GSTP1 val genotypes were more susceptible to indoor air pollution exposures, having a higher risk of asthma and lung function deficits. However, findings differed in terms of risk alleles and specific exposures. High-exposure heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. We found evidence that respiratory effects of indoor air pollution depend on the individual's GST profile. This may help explain the inconsistent associations found when gene-environment interactions are not considered. Future studies should aim to improve the accuracy of pollution assessment and investigate this finding in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Gayan Bowatte
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Adrian J Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie C Matheson
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Lyle C Gurrin
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - John A Burgess
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline J Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 3 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, 3010, Australia. .,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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142
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Marinović M, Nousiainen P, Dilokpimol A, Kontro J, Moore R, Sipilä J, de Vries RP, Mäkelä MR, Hildén K. Selective Cleavage of Lignin β- O-4 Aryl Ether Bond by β-Etherase of the White-Rot Fungus Dichomitus squalens. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2018; 6:2878-2882. [PMID: 30271687 PMCID: PMC6156110 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Production of value-added compounds from a renewable aromatic polymer, lignin, has proven to be challenging. Chemical procedures, involving harsh reaction conditions, are costly and often result in nonselective degradation of lignin linkages. Therefore, enzymatic catalysis with selective cleavage of lignin bonds provides a sustainable option for lignin valorization. In this study, we describe the first functionally characterized fungal intracellular β-etherase from the wood-degrading white-rot basidiomycete Dichomitus squalens. This enzyme, Ds-GST1, from the glutathione-S-transferase superfamily selectively cleaved the β-O-4 aryl ether bond of a dimeric lignin model compound in a glutathione-dependent reaction. Ds-GST1 also demonstrated activity on polymeric synthetic lignin fractions, shown by a decrease in molecular weight distribution of the laccase-oxidized guaiacyl dehydrogenation polymer. In addition to a possible role of Ds-GST1 in intracellular catabolism of lignin-derived aromatic compounds, the cleavage of the most abundant linkages in lignin under mild reaction conditions makes this biocatalyst an attractive green alternative in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Marinović
- Division
of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Environmental
Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Nousiainen
- Department
of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adiphol Dilokpimol
- Fungal
Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal
Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jussi Kontro
- Department
of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robin Moore
- Department
of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Sipilä
- Department
of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald P. de Vries
- Division
of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Environmental
Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Fungal
Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal
Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miia R. Mäkelä
- Division
of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Environmental
Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Hildén
- Division
of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Environmental
Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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143
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Allocati N, Masulli M, Di Ilio C, Federici L. Glutathione transferases: substrates, inihibitors and pro-drugs in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:8. [PMID: 29362397 PMCID: PMC5833873 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-017-0025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferase classical GSH conjugation activity plays a critical role in cellular detoxification against xenobiotics and noxious compounds as well as against oxidative stress. However, this feature is also exploited by cancer cells to acquire drug resistance and improve their survival. As a result, various members of the family were found overexpressed in a number of different cancers. Moreover several GST polymorphisms, ranging from null phenotypes to point mutations, were detected in members of the family and found to correlate with the onset of neuro-degenerative diseases. In the last decades, a great deal of research aimed at clarifying the role played by GSTs in drug resistance, at developing inhibitors to counteract this activity but also at exploiting GSTs for prodrugs specific activation in cancer cells. Here we summarize some of the most important achievements reached in this lively area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerino Allocati
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.
| | - Michele Masulli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmine Di Ilio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Federici
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.,CESI-MET, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
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144
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Ye BH, Zhang YB, Shu JP, Wu H, Wang HJ. RNA-sequencing analysis of fungi-induced transcripts from the bamboo wireworm Melanotus cribricollis (Coleoptera: Elateridae) larvae. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191187. [PMID: 29338057 PMCID: PMC5770045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Larvae of Melanotus cribricollis, feed on bamboo shoots and roots, causing serious damage to bamboo in Southern China. However, there is currently no effective control measure to limit the population of this underground pest. Previously, a new entomopathogenic fungal strain isolated from M. cribricollis larvae cadavers named Metarhizium pingshaense WP08 showed high pathogenic efficacy indoors, indicated that the fungus could be used as a bio-control measure. So far, the genetic backgrounds of both M. cribricollis and M. pingshaense WP08 were blank. Here, we analyzed the whole transcriptome of M. cribricollis larvae, infected with M. pingshaense WP08 or not, using high-throughput next generation sequencing technology. In addition, the transcriptome sequencing of M. pingshaense WP08 was also performed for data separation of those two non-model species. The reliability of the RNA-Seq data was also validated through qRT-PCR experiment. The de novo assembly, functional annotation, sequence comparison of four insect species, and analysis of DEGs, enriched pathways, GO terms and immune related candidate genes were operated. The results indicated that, multiple defense mechanisms of M. cribricollis larvae are initiated to protect against the more serious negative effects caused by fungal infection. To our knowledge, this was the first report of transcriptome analysis of Melanotus spp. infected with a fungus, and it could provide insights to further explore insect-fungi interaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-huan Ye
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-bo Zhang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-ping Shu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JPS); (HW)
| | - Hong Wu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JPS); (HW)
| | - Hao-jie Wang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
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145
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Lin TJ, Karmaus WJJ, Chen ML, Hsu JC, Wang IJ. Interactions Between Bisphenol A Exposure and GSTP1 Polymorphisms in Childhood Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:172-179. [PMID: 29411558 PMCID: PMC5809766 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure may increase the risk of asthma. Genetic polymorphisms of oxidative stress-related genes, glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTP1), manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, myeloperoxidase, and microsomal epoxide hydrolase may be related to BPA exposure. The aim is to evaluate whether oxidative stress genes modulates associations of BPA exposure with asthma. Methods We conducted a case-control study comprised of 126 asthmatic children and 327 controls. Urine Bisphenol A glucuronide (BPAG) levels were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and genetic variants were analyzed by a TaqMan assay. Information on asthma and environmental exposure was collected. Analyses of variance and logistic regressions were performed to determine the association of genotypes and urine BPAG levels with asthma. Results BPAG levels were significantly associated with asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.29 per log unit increase in concentration; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.081.55). Compared to the GG genotype, children with a GSTP1 AA genotype had higher urine BPAG concentrations (geometric mean [standard error], 12.72 [4.16] vs 11.42 [2.82]; P=0.036). In children with high BPAG, the GSTP1 AA genotype was related to a higher odds of asthma than the GG genotype (aOR, 4.84; 95% CI, 1.0223.06). Conclusions GSTP1 variants are associated with urine BPA metabolite levels. Oxidative stress genes may modulate the effect of BPA exposure on asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Jen Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Sports Science, College of Exercise and Health Sciences, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wilfried J J Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mei Lien Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiin Chyr Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I Jen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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146
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Dehghan E, Zhang Y, Saremi B, Yadavali S, Hakimi A, Dehghani M, Goodarzi M, Tu X, Robertson S, Lin R, Chudhuri A, Mirzaei H. Hydralazine induces stress resistance and extends C. elegans lifespan by activating the NRF2/SKN-1 signalling pathway. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2223. [PMID: 29263362 PMCID: PMC5738364 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and its Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog, SKN-1, are transcription factors that have a pivotal role in the oxidative stress response, cellular homeostasis, and organismal lifespan. Similar to other defense systems, the NRF2-mediated stress response is compromised in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report that the FDA approved drug hydralazine is a bona fide activator of the NRF2/SKN-1 signaling pathway. We demonstrate that hydralazine extends healthy lifespan (~25%) in wild type and tauopathy model C. elegans at least as effectively as other anti-aging compounds, such as curcumin and metformin. We show that hydralazine-mediated lifespan extension is SKN-1 dependent, with a mechanism most likely mimicking calorie restriction. Using both in vitro and in vivo models, we go on to demonstrate that hydralazine has neuroprotective properties against endogenous and exogenous stressors. Our data suggest that hydralazine may be a viable candidate for the treatment of age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Dehghan
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Bahar Saremi
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | | | - Amirmansoor Hakimi
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Maryam Dehghani
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Mohammad Goodarzi
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Scott Robertson
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Rueyling Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Asish Chudhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hamid Mirzaei
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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147
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Kalita J, Shukla R, Shukla H, Gadhave K, Giri R, Tripathi T. Comprehensive analysis of the catalytic and structural properties of a mu-class glutathione s-transferase from Fasciola gigantica. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17547. [PMID: 29235505 PMCID: PMC5727538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S‒transferases (GSTs) play an important role in the detoxification of xenobiotics. They catalyze the nucleophilic addition of glutathione (GSH) to nonpolar compounds, rendering the products water-soluble. In the present study, we investigated the catalytic and structural properties of a mu-class GST from Fasciola gigantica (FgGST1). The purified recombinant FgGST1 formed a homodimer composed of 25 kDa subunit. Kinetic analysis revealed that FgGST1 displays broad substrate specificity and shows high GSH conjugation activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, and trans-4-phenyl-3-butene-2-one and peroxidase activity towards trans-2-nonenal and hexa-2,4-dienal. The FgGST1 was highly sensitive to inhibition by cibacron blue. The cofactor (GSH) and inhibitor (cibacron blue) were docked, and binding sites were identified. The molecular dynamics studies and principal component analysis indicated the stability of the systems and the collective motions, respectively. Unfolding studies suggest that FgGST1 is a highly cooperative molecule because, during GdnHCl-induced denaturation, a simultaneous unfolding of the protein without stabilization of any partially folded intermediate is observed. The protein is stabilized with a conformational free energy of about 10 ± 0.3 kcal mol-1. Additionally, the presence of conserved Pro-53 and structural motifs such as N-capping box and hydrophobic staple, further aided in the stability and proper folding of FgGST1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jupitara Kalita
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Rohit Shukla
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Harish Shukla
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Kundlik Gadhave
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Timir Tripathi
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India.
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148
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Hamed HS, Osman AGM. Modulatory effect of lycopene against carbofuran toxicity in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:1721-1731. [PMID: 28721486 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, was exposed to a sublethal concentration of carbofuran (CF) to investigate its negative effects on biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers. Also, the putative role of lycopene (LYC) administration in alleviating these negative effects was evaluated. Fish were divided into six groups in triplicates as follows: group I was without treatment, group II was orally administered corn oil, group III was orally administered 18 mg LYC/kg body weight, group IV was exposed to 0.121 mg CF/L, group V was orally administered 9 mg LYC/kg body weight and exposed to 0.121 mg CF/L, and group VI was orally administered 18 mg LYC/kg body weight and exposed to 0.121 mg CF/L for 4 weeks. At the end of this period, blood and tissue (liver and kidney) samples were collected and biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers were analysed. Also, histopathological changes were determined. Carbofuran caused significant increments of glucose, cortisol, aspartic amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine; meanwhile, serum acetylcholinesterase, total protein, albumin, and total lipids were significantly reduced. Significant increments in hepatic and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and marked reduction in hepatic and renal catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were observed in CF-exposed fish comparing to the control group. Treatment with LYC attenuated the CF-induced oxidative stress, and this improvement was more pronounced in fish received the high LYC dose (18 mg/kg body weight). Further, congestion of the central vein with infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells, vacuolar necrosis, and haemorrhage was observed in the livers of CF-exposed fish. Oral administration of LYC reduced behavioural changes and histopathological alterations. All the altered biochemical parameters and antioxidant biomarkers were also restored to be near the normal levels. The obtained results evoked that LYC administration alleviated the destructive effects of carbofuran and reduced its toxicity effect on African catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba S Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science & Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11757, Egypt.
| | - Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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149
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Ahmed S, Sohail A, Khatoon S, Khan S, Saifullah MK. Partial purification and characterization of glutathione S-transferase from the somatic tissue of Gastrothylax crumenifer (Trematoda: Digenea). Vet World 2017; 10:1493-1500. [PMID: 29391692 PMCID: PMC5771176 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1493-1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Aim of the present study was to carry out the partial purification and biochemical characterization of glutathione S-transferase (GST) from the somatic tissue of ruminal amphistome parasite, Gastrothylax crumenifer (Gc) infecting Indian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). MATERIALS AND METHODS The crude somatic homogenate of Gc was subjected to progressive ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by size exclusion chromatography in a Sephacryl S 100-HR column. The partially purified GST was assayed spectrophotometrically, and the corresponding enzyme activity was also recorded in polyacrylamide gel. GST isolated from the amphistome parasite was also exposed to variable changes in temperature and the pH gradient of the assay mixture. RESULTS The precipitated amphistome GST molecules showed maximum activity in the sixth elution fraction. The GST subunit appeared as a single band in the reducing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular weight of 26 kDa. The GST proteins were found to be fairly stable up to 37°C, beyond this the activity got heavily impaired. Further, the GST obtained showed a pH optima of 7.5. CONCLUSION Present findings showed that GST from Gc could be conveniently purified using gel filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme showed maximum stability and activity at 4°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakil Ahmed
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aamir Sohail
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sabiha Khatoon
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shabnam Khan
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid Saifullah
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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150
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Sharath Babu GR, Anand T, Ilaiyaraja N, Khanum F, Gopalan N. Pelargonidin Modulates Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway Gene Expression and Ameliorates Citrinin-Induced Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:868. [PMID: 29230174 PMCID: PMC5711834 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelargonidin chloride (PC) is one of the major anthocyanin found in berries, radish and other natural foods. Many natural chemopreventive compounds have been shown to be potent inducers of phase II detoxification genes and its up-regulation is important for oxidative stress related disorders. In the present study, we investigated the effect of PC in ameliorating citrinin (CTN) induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. The cytotoxicity of CTN was evaluated by treating HepG2 (Human hepatocellular carcinoma) cells with CTN (0–150 μM) in a dose dependent manner for 24 h, and the IC50 was determined to be 96.16 μM. CTN increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage (59%), elevated reactive oxygen species (2.5-fold), depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential as confirmed by JC-1 monomers and arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase. Further, apoptotic and necrotic analysis revealed significant changes followed by DNA damage. To overcome these toxicological effects, PC was pretreated for 2 h followed by CTN exposure for 24 h. Pretreatment with PC resulted in significant increase in cell viability (84.5%), restored membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species level were maintained and cell cycle phases were normal. PC significantly up-regulated the activity of detoxification enzymes: heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), glutathione transferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and quinone reductase. Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus was also observed by immunocytochemistry analysis. These data demonstrate the protective effect of PC against CTN-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells and up-regulated the activity of detoxification enzyme levels through Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Sharath Babu
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - Tamatam Anand
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - N Ilaiyaraja
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - N Gopalan
- Food Biotechnology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
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