101
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McIntosh P, Karam C. Clinical Reasoning: A 38-year-old man with respiratory failure and progressive leg weakness. Neurology 2016; 86:e190-4. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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102
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Onyenwoke RU, Brenman JE. Lysosomal Storage Diseases-Regulating Neurodegeneration. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 9:81-91. [PMID: 27081317 PMCID: PMC4822725 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s25475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a complex pathway regulated by numerous signaling events that recycles macromolecules and can be perturbed in lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). The concept of LSDs, which are characterized by aberrant, excessive storage of cellular material in lysosomes, developed following the discovery of an enzyme deficiency as the cause of Pompe disease in 1963. Great strides have since been made in better understanding the biology of LSDs. Defective lysosomal storage typically occurs in many cell types, but the nervous system, including the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, is particularly vulnerable to LSDs, being affected in two-thirds of LSDs. This review provides a summary of some of the better characterized LSDs and the pathways affected in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob U Onyenwoke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jay E Brenman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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103
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Broomfield A, Fletcher J, Davison J, Finnegan N, Fenton M, Chikermane A, Beesley C, Harvey K, Cullen E, Stewart C, Santra S, Vijay S, Champion M, Abulhoul L, Grunewald S, Chakrapani A, Cleary MA, Jones SA, Vellodi A. Response of 33 UK patients with infantile-onset Pompe disease to enzyme replacement therapy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:261-71. [PMID: 26497565 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for infantile-onset Pompe disease has been commercially available for almost 10 years. We report the experience of its use in a cohort treated at three specialist lysosomal treatment centres in the UK. METHODS A retrospective case-note review was performed, with additional data being gathered from two national audits on all such patients treated with ERT. The impact on the outcome of various characteristics, measured just prior to the initiation of ERT (baseline), was evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were identified; 13/29 (45%) were cross-reactive immunological material (CRIM) negative, and nine were immunomodulated. At baseline assessment, 79% were in heart failure, 66% had failure to thrive and 70% had radiological signs of focal pulmonary collapse. The overall survival rate was 60%, ventilation-free survival was 40% and 30% of patients were ambulatory. Median follow-up of survivors was 4 years, 1.5 months (range 6 months to 13.5 years). As with previous studies, the CRIM status impacted on all outcome measures. However, in this cohort, baseline failure to thrive was related to death and lack of ambulation, and left ventricular dilatation was a risk factor for non-ventilator-free survival. CONCLUSION The outcome of treated patients remains heterogeneous despite attempts at immunomodulation. Failure to thrive at baseline and left ventricular dilation appear to be associated with poorer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Broomfield
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospital Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
| | - J Fletcher
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospital Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - J Davison
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - N Finnegan
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Fenton
- Cardiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Chikermane
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Beesley
- Regional Genetics Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K Harvey
- Enzyme Unit, Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E Cullen
- Enzyme Unit, Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Stewart
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Santra
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Vijay
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Champion
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disease, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trusts, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, UK
| | - L Abulhoul
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Grunewald
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Chakrapani
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M A Cleary
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospital Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - A Vellodi
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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104
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Coutinho MF, Alves S. From rare to common and back again: 60years of lysosomal dysfunction. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:53-65. [PMID: 26422115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sixty years after its discovery, the lysosome is no longer considered as cell's waste bin but as an organelle playing a central role in cell metabolism. Besides its well known association with lysosomal storage disorders (mostly rare and life-threatening diseases), recent data have shown that the lysosome is also a player in some of the most common conditions of our time; and, perhaps even most important, it is not only a target for orphan drugs (rare disease therapeutic approaches) but also a putative target to treat patients suffering from common complex diseases worldwide. Here we review the striking associations linking rare lysosomal storage disorders such as the well-known Gaucher disease, or even the recently discovered, extremely rare Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis-11 and some of the most frequent, multifaceted and complex disorders of modern society such as cancer, Parkinson's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Alves
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, INSA, Portugal
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105
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Madrigal-Matute J, Cuervo AM. Regulation of Liver Metabolism by Autophagy. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:328-39. [PMID: 26453774 PMCID: PMC4728051 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular components must be recycled for cells to maintain energy and ensure quality control of proteins and organelles. Autophagy is a highly conserved recycling process that involves degradation of cellular constituents in lysosomes. Although autophagy regulates a number of cell functions, it was first found to maintain energy balance in liver cells. As our understanding of autophagy has increased, we have found its connections to energy regulation in liver cells to be tight and complex. We review 3 mechanisms by which hepatic autophagy monitors and regulates cellular metabolism. Autophagy provides essential components (amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates) required to meet the cell's energy needs, and it also regulates energy supply by controlling the number, quality, and dynamics of the mitochondria. Finally, autophagy also modulates levels of enzymes in metabolic pathways. In light of the multiple ways in which autophagy participates to control liver metabolism, it is no surprise that dysregulation of autophagy has been associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, or metabolic syndrome, as well as liver-specific disorders such as fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We discuss some of these connections and how hepatic autophagy might serve as a therapeutic target in common metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
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106
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McIntosh PT, Case LE, Chan JM, Austin SL, Kishnani P. Characterization of gait in late onset Pompe disease. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 116:152-6. [PMID: 26372341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle manifestations of late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) cause significant gait impairment. However, the specific temporal and spatial characteristics of abnormal gait in LOPD have not been objectively analyzed or described in the literature. This pilot study evaluated the gait of 22 individuals with LOPD using the GAITRite® temporospatial gait analysis system. The gait parameters were compared to normal reference values, and correlations were made with standard measures of disease progression. The LOPD population demonstrated significant abnormalities in temporospatial parameters of gait including a trend towards decreased velocity and cadence, a prolonged stance phase, prolonged time in double limb support, shorter step and stride length, and a wider base of support. Precise descriptions and analyses of gait abnormalities have much potential in increasing our understanding of LOPD, especially in regards to how its natural history may be modified by the use of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and other interventions. Gait analysis may provide a sensitive early marker of the onset of clinical symptoms and signs, offer an additional objective measure of disease progression and the impact of intervention, and serve as a potentially important clinical endpoint. The additional data from comprehensive gait analysis may personalize and optimize physical therapy management, and the clarification of specific gait patterns in neuromuscular diseases could be of clinical benefit in the ranking of a differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T McIntosh
- Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 103857, 905 La Salle, GSRB1, 4(th) Floor Durham, NC 27710.
| | - Laura E Case
- Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 103857, 905 La Salle, GSRB1, 4(th) Floor Durham, NC 27710
| | - Justin M Chan
- Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 103857, 905 La Salle, GSRB1, 4(th) Floor Durham, NC 27710
| | - Stephanie L Austin
- Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 103857, 905 La Salle, GSRB1, 4(th) Floor Durham, NC 27710
| | - Priya Kishnani
- Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 103857, 905 La Salle, GSRB1, 4(th) Floor Durham, NC 27710
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Al Jasmi F, Al Jumah M, Alqarni F, Al-Sanna'a N, Al-Sharif F, Bohlega S, Cupler EJ, Fathalla W, Hamdan MA, Makhseed N, Nafissi S, Nilipour Y, Selim L, Shembesh N, Sunbul R, Tonekaboni SH. Diagnosis and treatment of late-onset Pompe disease in the Middle East and North Africa region: consensus recommendations from an expert group. BMC Neurol 2015; 15:205. [PMID: 26471939 PMCID: PMC4608291 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-015-0412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pompe disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-glucosidase responsible for degrading glycogen. Late-onset Pompe disease has a complex multisystem phenotype characterized by a range of symptoms. Methods An expert panel from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region met to create consensus-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of late-onset Pompe disease for the MENA region, where the relative prevalence of Pompe disease is thought to be high but there is a lack of awareness and diagnostic facilities. Results These guidelines set out practical recommendations and include algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of late-onset Pompe disease. They detail the ideal diagnostic workup, indicate the patients in whom enzyme replacement therapy should be initiated, and provide guidance on appropriate patient monitoring. Conclusions These guidelines will serve to increase awareness of the condition, optimize patient diagnosis and treatment, reduce disease burden, and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma Al Jasmi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohammed Al Jumah
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, NGHA, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Prince Mohammed Ben Abdulaziz Hospital, MOH, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatimah Alqarni
- Neurology Department, National Neurosciences Institute, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh, 11525, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nouriya Al-Sanna'a
- Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Pediatrics Services Division, Building 61/Room D-269, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fawziah Al-Sharif
- Medical Genetics And Metabolic Consultant, MCH, PO Box 55954, Jeddah, 21544, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saeed Bohlega
- Department of Neurosciences, MBC 76, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Edward J Cupler
- Department of Neuroscience, MBC J-76, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Waseem Fathalla
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Mafraq Hospital, P.O. Box: 2951, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohamed A Hamdan
- KidsHeart: American Fetal & Children's Heart Center, Dubai Healthcare City, P.O. Box 505193, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Nawal Makhseed
- Pediatric Department, Jahra Hospital, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 16586, Qadisiya, 35856, Kuwait.
| | - Shahriar Nafissi
- Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, North Karegar Street, Tehran, 14114, Iran.
| | - Yalda Nilipour
- Pediatric Pathology Research Center, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti Medical University (SBMU), Shariati Avenue, Tehran, 15468-155514, Iran.
| | - Laila Selim
- Pediatric Neurology and Neurometabolic Division, Cairo University Children Hospital (Abo el Reesh), 1-Aly Pasha Ibrahim Street, Near Sayeda Zeinab Metro Station, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nuri Shembesh
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, Benghazi University, P.O. Box 1565, Benghazi, Libya.
| | - Rawda Sunbul
- Department of Pediatrics, Qatif Central Hospital, P.O. Box 18476, Dammam, 31911, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Seyed Hassan Tonekaboni
- Pediatric Neurology Research Center, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti Medical University (SBMU), Shariati Avenue, Tehran, 15468-155514, Iran.
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108
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Kanters TA, Redekop WK, Rutten-Van Mölken MPMH, Kruijshaar ME, Güngör D, van der Ploeg AT, Hakkaart L. A conceptual disease model for adult Pompe disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:112. [PMID: 26374742 PMCID: PMC4570629 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies in orphan diseases are, by nature, confronted with small patient populations, meaning that randomized controlled trials will have limited statistical power. In order to estimate the effectiveness of treatments in orphan diseases and extrapolate effects into the future, alternative models might be needed. The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual disease model for Pompe disease in adults (an orphan disease). This conceptual model describes the associations between the most important levels of health concepts for Pompe disease in adults, from biological parameters via physiological parameters, symptoms and functional indicators to health perceptions and final health outcomes as measured in terms of health-related quality of life. Methods The structure of the Wilson-Cleary health outcomes model was used as a blueprint, and filled with clinically relevant aspects for Pompe disease based on literature and expert opinion. Multiple observations per patient from a Dutch cohort study in untreated patients were used to quantify the relationships between the different levels of health concepts in the model by means of regression analyses. Results Enzyme activity, muscle strength, respiratory function, fatigue, level of handicap, general health perceptions, mental and physical component scales and utility described the different levels of health concepts in the Wilson-Cleary model for Pompe disease. Regression analyses showed that functional status was affected by fatigue, muscle strength and respiratory function. Health perceptions were affected by handicap. In turn, self-reported quality of life was affected by health perceptions. Conclusions We conceptualized a disease model that incorporated the mechanisms believed to be responsible for impaired quality of life in Pompe disease. The model provides a comprehensive overview of various aspects of Pompe disease in adults, which can be useful for both clinicians and policymakers to support their multi-faceted decision making. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-015-0334-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim A Kanters
- Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Department of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, BOX 1738, 3000DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - W Ken Redekop
- Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Department of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, BOX 1738, 3000DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maureen P M H Rutten-Van Mölken
- Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Department of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, BOX 1738, 3000DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michelle E Kruijshaar
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Deniz Güngör
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ans T van der Ploeg
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Leona Hakkaart
- Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Department of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, BOX 1738, 3000DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Sato Y, Kobayashi H, Higuchi T, Shimada Y, Era T, Kimura S, Eto Y, Ida H, Ohashi T. Disease modeling and lentiviral gene transfer in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells from late-onset Pompe disease patient. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015. [PMID: 26199952 PMCID: PMC4495721 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disease caused by deficiency of acid α-glucosidase (GAA). Glycogen accumulation is seen in the affected organ such as skeletal muscle, heart, and liver. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is frequently seen in the infantile onset Pompe disease. On the other hand, cardiovascular complication of the late-onset Pompe disease is considered as less frequent and severe than that of infantile onset. There are few investigations which show cardiovascular complication of late onset Pompe disease due to the shortage of appropriate disease model. We have generated late-onset Pompe disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) and differentiated them into cardiomyocytes. Differentiated cardiomyocyte shows glycogen accumulation and lysosomal enlargement. Lentiviral GAA rescue improves GAA enzyme activity and glycogen accumulation in iPSC. The efficacy of gene therapy is maintained following the cardiomyocyte differentiation. Lentiviral GAA transfer ameliorates the disease-specific change in cardiomyocyote. It is suggested that Pompe disease iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte is replicating disease-specific changes in the context of disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan ; Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan ; Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohta Shimada
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Era
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shigemi Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University Graduate School , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Eto
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neurological Disorders , Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ida
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan ; Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toya Ohashi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan ; Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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Burke HM, Gunnlaugsson T, Scanlan EM. Recent advances in the development of synthetic chemical probes for glycosidase enzymes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10576-88. [PMID: 26051717 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02793d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of synthetic glycoconjugates as chemical probes for the detection of glycosidase enzymes has resulted in the development of a range of useful chemical tools with applications in glycobiology, biotechnology, medical and industrial research. Critical to the function of these probes is the preparation of substrates containing a glycosidic linkage that when activated by a specific enzyme or group of enzymes, irreversibly releases a reporter molecule that can be detected. Starting from the earliest examples of colourimetric probes, increasingly sensitive and sophisticated substrates have been reported. In this review we present an overview of the recent advances in this field, covering an array of strategies including chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates, lanthanide complexes, gels and nanoparticles. The applications of these substrates for the detection of various glycosidases and the scope and limitations for each approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Burke
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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111
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Byrne PIBJ, Collins S, Mah CC, Smith B, Conlon T, Martin SD, Corti M, Cleaver B, Islam S, Lawson LA. Phase I/II trial of diaphragm delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus acid alpha-glucosidase (rAAaV1-CMV-GAA) gene vector in patients with Pompe disease. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2015; 25:134-63. [PMID: 25238277 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2014.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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112
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Preisler N, Haller RG, Vissing J. Exercise in muscle glycogen storage diseases. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:551-63. [PMID: 25326273 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage diseases (GSD) are inborn errors of glycogen or glucose metabolism. In the GSDs that affect muscle, the consequence of a block in skeletal muscle glycogen breakdown or glucose use, is an impairment of muscular performance and exercise intolerance, owing to 1) an increase in glycogen storage that disrupts contractile function and/or 2) a reduced substrate turnover below the block, which inhibits skeletal muscle ATP production. Immobility is associated with metabolic alterations in muscle leading to an increased dependence on glycogen use and a reduced capacity for fatty acid oxidation. Such changes may be detrimental for persons with GSD from a metabolic perspective. However, exercise may alter skeletal muscle substrate metabolism in ways that are beneficial for patients with GSD, such as improving exercise tolerance and increasing fatty acid oxidation. In addition, a regular exercise program has the potential to improve general health and fitness and improve quality of life, if executed properly. In this review, we describe skeletal muscle substrate use during exercise in GSDs, and how blocks in metabolic pathways affect exercise tolerance in GSDs. We review the studies that have examined the effect of regular exercise training in different types of GSD. Finally, we consider how oral substrate supplementation can improve exercise tolerance and we discuss the precautions that apply to persons with GSD that engage in exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Preisler
- Neuromuscular Research Unit, Section 3342, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark,
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Kamdar F, Klaassen Kamdar A, Koyano-Nakagawa N, Garry MG, Garry DJ. Cardiomyopathy in a dish: using human inducible pluripotent stem cells to model inherited cardiomyopathies. J Card Fail 2015; 21:761-70. [PMID: 25934595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathies, arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and other inherited forms of heart failure, represent a unique set of genetically defined cardiovascular disease processes. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of these deadly forms of human heart disease has been challenging, but recent groundbreaking scientific advances in stem cell technology have allowed for the generation of patient-specific human inducible stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs). hiPSC-derived CMs retain the genetic blueprint of the patient, they can be maintained in culture, and they recapitulate the phenotypic characteristics of the disease in vitro, thus serving as a disease in a dish. This review provides an overview of in vitro modeling of inherited cardiomyopathies with the use of patient-specific hiPSC-derived CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forum Kamdar
- Cardiovascular Division and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Andre Klaassen Kamdar
- Cardiovascular Division and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Naoko Koyano-Nakagawa
- Cardiovascular Division and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mary G Garry
- Cardiovascular Division and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Cardiovascular Division and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Al-Tikriti MS, Henry RW. Ultrastructure of Developing Feline Nonciliated Bronchiolar Epithelial Cells. Ultrastruct Pathol 2015; 39:245-54. [DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2015.1013654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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115
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Dasouki M, Jawdat O, Almadhoun O, Pasnoor M, McVey AL, Abuzinadah A, Herbelin L, Barohn RJ, Dimachkie MM. Pompe disease: literature review and case series. Neurol Clin 2015; 32:751-76, ix. [PMID: 25037089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease is a rare multi-systemic metabolic myopathy caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the acidic alpha glucosidase (GAA) gene. Significant progress had been made in the diagnosis and management of patients with Pompe disease. Here, we describe our experience with 12 patients with various forms of Pompe disease including 4 potentially pathogenic, novel GAA variants. We also review the recent the recent advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals with Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Dasouki
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, MBC-03-30, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omar Jawdat
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2012, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Osama Almadhoun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 4004, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Mamatha Pasnoor
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2012, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - April L McVey
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2012, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ahmad Abuzinadah
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2012, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Laura Herbelin
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2012, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Richard J Barohn
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2012, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Mazen M Dimachkie
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2012, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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116
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Kansagra S, Austin S, DeArmey S, Kazi Z, Kravitz RM, Kishnani PS. Longitudinal polysomnographic findings in infantile Pompe disease. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:858-61. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Kansagra
- Division of Pediatric Neurology; Department of Pediatrics; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
| | - Stephanie Austin
- Division of Medical Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
| | - Stephanie DeArmey
- Division of Medical Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
| | - Zoheb Kazi
- Division of Medical Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
| | - Richard M Kravitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
| | - Priya S Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
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117
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Coutinho MF, Matos L, Alves S. From bedside to cell biology: A century of history on lysosomal dysfunction. Gene 2015; 555:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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118
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Sandhu D, Rizvi A, Kim J, Reshi R. Diffuse cerebral microhemorrhages in a patient with adult-onset Pompe's disease: a case report. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 7:82-85. [PMID: 25566347 PMCID: PMC4280871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pompe's disease is a glycogen storage disease that manifests as progressive neuropathy, and myopathy. There are a few reports of vasculopathy in this disease, thought to be from small- and medium-vessel arteriopathy. We present a case of late-onset Pompe's disease with microhemorrhages and review of the pertinent literature. METHODS We describe a case of microhemorrhages in a patient with known late-onset Pompe's disease. RESULTS Our patient was noted to have numerous microhemorrhages concentrated in the posterior circulation distribution in what can best be described as central microhemorrhages, distinct from the pattern seen in amyloid angiopathy. Previous autopsy studies have found vacuoles in the vessel wall, resulting in small aneurysms as a part of the Pompe syndrome. CONCLUSIONS There is an accumulating body of evidence that suggests cerebral vasculopathy as one of the primary manifestations of adult-onset Pompe's disease. This is manifested as dolichoectasia of basilar artery, aneurysms, and microhemorrhages that are central in distribution. The primary pathology is thought to be glycogen deposition in small- and medium-sized intracranial vessels. Controlling blood pressure aggressively and screening intracranial vascular imaging are recommended. Further definition of the syndrome is continuing from phenotypic and genotypic dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyajot Sandhu
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adam Rizvi
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jae Kim
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rwoof Reshi
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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119
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Shimada Y, Nishimura E, Hoshina H, Kobayashi H, Higuchi T, Eto Y, Ida H, Ohashi T. Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib Enhances the Activity of Multiple Mutant Forms of Lysosomal α-Glucosidase in Pompe Disease. JIMD Rep 2014; 18:33-9. [PMID: 25256446 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2014_345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive myopathic disorder caused by the deficiency of lysosomal acid α-glucosidase (GAA). Recently, we showed that function of mutant GAA in fibroblasts derived from Pompe disease patient carrying c.546G>T mutation is improved by treatment with proteasome inhibitor bortezomib as well as pharmacological chaperone (PC). However, bortezomib-responsive GAA mutations are not fully characterized. In this study, we showed the effect of bortezomib on different mutants of GAA in patient fibroblasts and transiently expressed HEK293T cells. Bortezomib increased the maturation and residual activity of GAA in patient fibroblasts carrying PC-responsive M519V and PC-unresponsive C647W mutations. Enhanced colocalization of GAA with lysosomal marker LAMP2 was also observed in patient fibroblasts after treatment with bortezomib. When four distinct mutant GAAs, which show different response to PC, were overexpressed in HEK293T cells, bortezomib improved the activity of M519V, S529V, and C647W in them (1.3-5.9-fold). These results indicate that bortezomib enhances the activity of some PC-unresponsive GAA mutants as well as PC-responsive mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohta Shimada
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan,
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120
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Lim JA, Li L, Raben N. Pompe disease: from pathophysiology to therapy and back again. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:177. [PMID: 25183957 PMCID: PMC4135233 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disorder in which acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) is deficient or absent. Deficiency of this lysosomal enzyme results in progressive expansion of glycogen-filled lysosomes in multiple tissues, with cardiac and skeletal muscle being the most severely affected. The clinical spectrum ranges from fatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle myopathy in infants to relatively attenuated forms, which manifest as a progressive myopathy without cardiac involvement. The currently available enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) proved to be successful in reversing cardiac but not skeletal muscle abnormalities. Although the overall understanding of the disease has progressed, the pathophysiology of muscle damage remains poorly understood. Lysosomal enlargement/rupture has long been considered a mechanism of relentless muscle damage in Pompe disease. In past years, it became clear that this simple view of the pathology is inadequate; the pathological cascade involves dysfunctional autophagy, a major lysosome-dependent intracellular degradative pathway. The autophagic process in Pompe skeletal muscle is affected at the termination stage—impaired autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion. Yet another abnormality in the diseased muscle is the accelerated production of large, unrelated to ageing, lipofuscin deposits—a marker of cellular oxidative damage and a sign of mitochondrial dysfunction. The massive autophagic buildup and lipofuscin inclusions appear to cause a greater effect on muscle architecture than the enlarged lysosomes outside the autophagic regions. Furthermore, the dysfunctional autophagy affects the trafficking of the replacement enzyme and interferes with its delivery to the lysosomes. Several new therapeutic approaches have been tested in Pompe mouse models: substrate reduction therapy, lysosomal exocytosis following the overexpression of transcription factor EB and a closely related but distinct factor E3, and genetic manipulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-A Lim
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lishu Li
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nina Raben
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
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121
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Abstract
A short account is presented of the evolution of knowledge concerning Niemann-Pick's and Gaucher's diseases, two autosomal recessive genetic disturbances of lysosomal storage function. This culminated in the intriguing realisation, arising from mounting clinical and molecular evidence, that glucocerebrosidase mutations constitute the most common risk factor for Parkinson's disease identified to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Stern
- Emeritus consultant neurologist University College Hospitals, London, UK.
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122
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Aryani O, Manshadi MD, Tondar M, Khalili E, Kamalidehghan B, Ahmadipour F, Fani S, Houshmand M. A newly identified c.1824_1828dupATACG mutation in exon 13 of the GAA gene in infantile-onset glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe disease). Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6211-4. [PMID: 24976573 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease or glycogen storage disease type II is a glycogen storage disorder associated with malfunction of the acid α-glucosidase enzyme (GAA; EC.3.2.1.3) leading to intracellular aggregations of glycogenin muscles. The infantile-onset type is the most life-threatening form of this disease, in which most of patients suffer from cardiomyopathy and hypotonia in early infancy. In this study, a typical case of Pompe disease was reported in an Iranian patient using molecular analysis of the GAA gene. Our results revealed a new c.1824_1828dupATACG mutation in exon 13 of the GAA gene. In conclusion, with the finding of this novel mutation, the genotypic spectrum of Iranian patients with Pompe disease has been extended, facilitating the definition of disease-related mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Aryani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Special Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
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123
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Mah CS, Soustek MS, Todd AG, McCall A, Smith BK, Corti M, Falk DJ, Byrne BJ. Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapy for metabolic myopathy. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 24:928-36. [PMID: 24164240 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic myopathies are a diverse group of rare diseases in which impaired breakdown of stored energy leads to profound muscle dysfunction ranging from exercise intolerance to severe muscle wasting. Metabolic myopathies are largely caused by functional deficiency of a single gene and are generally subcategorized into three major types of metabolic disease: mitochondrial, lipid, or glycogen. Treatment varies greatly depending on the biochemical nature of the disease, and unfortunately no definitive treatments exist for metabolic myopathy. Since this group of diseases is inherited, gene therapy is being explored as an approach to personalized medical treatment. Adeno-associated virus-based vectors in particular have shown to be promising in the treatment of several forms of metabolic myopathy. This review will discuss the most recent advances in gene therapy efforts for the treatment of metabolic myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn S Mah
- 1 Powell Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32610
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124
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Higuchi T, Kawagoe S, Otsu M, Shimada Y, Kobayashi H, Hirayama R, Eto K, Ida H, Ohashi T, Nakauchi H, Eto Y. The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with infantile and late-onset types of Pompe disease and the effects of treatment with acid-α-glucosidase in Pompe's iPSCs. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 112:44-8. [PMID: 24642446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease (PD), which is also called glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII), is one of the lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) caused by a deficiency in acid-α-glucosidase (GAA) in the lysosome and is characterized by the accumulation of glycogen in various cells. PD has been treated by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from the cells of patients with infantile-type and late-onset-type PD using a retrovirus vector to deliver transgenes encoding four reprogramming factors, namely, OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4. We confirmed that the two types of PD-iPSCs exhibited an undifferentiated state, alkaline phosphatase staining, and the presence of SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81. The PD-iPSCs exhibited strong positive staining with Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Moreover, ultrastructural features of these iPSCs exhibited massive glycogen granules in the cytoplasm, particularly in the infantile-type but to a lesser degree in the late-onset type. Glycogen granules of the infantile-type iPSCs treated with rhGAA were markedly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Human induced pluripotent stem cell provides an opportunity to build up glycogen storage of Pompe disease in vitro. It represents a promising resource to study disease mechanisms, screen new drug compounds and develop new therapies for Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Higuchi
- Department of Genetic Diseases and Genomic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Kawagoe
- Department of Genetic Diseases and Genomic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Otsu
- Stem Cell Bank, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohta Shimada
- Department of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Genetic Diseases and Genomic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reimi Hirayama
- Department of Genetic Diseases and Genomic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neurological Diseases, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ida
- Department of Genetic Diseases and Genomic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toya Ohashi
- Department of Genetic Diseases and Genomic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Stem Cell Bank, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Eto
- Department of Genetic Diseases and Genomic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neurological Diseases, Kanagawa, Japan.
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125
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Bolinger MT, Rodnick KJ. Differential effects of temperature and glucose on glycogenolytic enzymes in tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 171:26-33. [PMID: 24704523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pathways and regulatory mechanisms of glycogenolysis remain relatively unexplored in non-mammalian vertebrates, especially poikilotherms. We studied the temperature sensitivity and inhibition of glycogenolytic enzymes in liver, ventricle, and white muscle of rainbow trout acclimated to 14 °C. Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) and acid α-glucosidase (GAA) activities were measured in homogenates of tissues at physiological temperatures (4, 14, and 24 °C), and in the presence of allosteric inhibitor, glucose. Higher GP versus GAA activity in all three tissues suggested a predominance of phosphorolytic glycogenolysis over the lysosomal glucosidic pathway. GP activities at 14 °C were ~2-fold higher in the ventricle and white muscle versus the liver and selectively increased by AMP in striated muscle. Conversely, the activities of GAA and lysosomal marker acid phosphatase were 8- to 10-fold higher in the liver compared with the ventricle and white muscle. Thermal sensitivity (Q10) was increased for GP in all tissues below 14 °C and decreased in striated muscle in the absence of AMP above 14 °C. GAA had lower Q10 values than GP below 14 °C, and, unlike GP, Q10s for GAA were not different between tissues or affected by temperature. Both GP (in the absence of AMP) and GAA were inhibited by glucose in a dose-dependent manner, with the lowest IC50 values observed in the white muscle (1.4 and 6.3 mM, respectively). In conclusion, despite comparatively low kinetic potential, lysosomal GAA might facilitate glycogenolysis at colder body temperatures in striated muscle and intracellular glucose could limit phosphorolytic and glucosidic glycogenolysis in multiple tissues of the rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Bolinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209-8007, USA
| | - Kenneth J Rodnick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209-8007, USA.
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126
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Dubrovsky A, Fulgenzi E, Amartino H, Carlés D, Corderi J, de Vito E, Fainboim A, Ferradás N, Guelbert N, Lubieniecki F, Mazia C, Mesa L, Monges S, Pesquero J, Reisin R, Rugiero M, Schenone A, Szlago M, Taratuto AL, Zgaga M. Consenso argentino para el diagnóstico, seguimiento y tratamiento de la enfermedad de Pompe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuarg.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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127
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Anaesthetic management of two patients with pompe disease for caesarean section. Case Rep Anesthesiol 2014; 2014:650310. [PMID: 24772354 PMCID: PMC3977455 DOI: 10.1155/2014/650310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of enzyme replacement therapy and the resultant stabilisation or improvement in mobility and respiratory muscle function afforded to patients with late-onset Pompe may lead to an increased number of Pompe patients prepared to accept the challenges of parenthood. In this case report, we describe our anaesthetic management of two patients with Pompe disease for a caesarean section.
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128
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Role of autophagy in glycogen breakdown and its relevance to chloroquine myopathy. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001708. [PMID: 24265594 PMCID: PMC3825659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Several myopathies are associated with defects in autophagic and lysosomal degradation of glycogen, but it remains unclear how glycogen is targeted to the lysosome and what significance this process has for muscle cells. We have established a Drosophila melanogaster model to study glycogen autophagy in skeletal muscles, using chloroquine (CQ) to simulate a vacuolar myopathy that is completely dependent on the core autophagy genes. We show that autophagy is required for the most efficient degradation of glycogen in response to starvation. Furthermore, we show that CQ-induced myopathy can be improved by reduction of either autophagy or glycogen synthesis, the latter possibly due to a direct role of Glycogen Synthase in regulating autophagy through its interaction with Atg8.
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129
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Fuller DD, ElMallah MK, Smith BK, Corti M, Lawson LA, Falk DJ, Byrne BJ. The respiratory neuromuscular system in Pompe disease. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 189:241-9. [PMID: 23797185 PMCID: PMC4083814 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease is due to mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA). Absence of functional GAA typically results in cardiorespiratory failure in the first year; reduced GAA activity is associated with progressive respiratory failure later in life. While skeletal muscle pathology contributes to respiratory insufficiency in Pompe disease, emerging evidence indicates that respiratory neuron dysfunction is also a significant part of dysfunction in motor units. Animal models show profound glycogen accumulation in spinal and medullary respiratory neurons and altered neural activity. Tissues from Pompe patients show central nervous system glycogen accumulation and motoneuron pathology. A neural mechanism raises considerations about the current clinical approach of enzyme replacement since the recombinant protein does not cross the blood-brain-barrier. Indeed, clinical data suggest that enzyme replacement therapy delays symptom progression, but many patients eventually require ventilatory assistance, especially during sleep. We propose that treatments which restore GAA activity to respiratory muscles, neurons and networks will be required to fully correct ventilatory insufficiency in Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D. Fuller
- Department of Physical Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Mai K. ElMallah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Barbara K. Smith
- Department of Physical Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Manuela Corti
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Lee Ann Lawson
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Darin J. Falk
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Barry J. Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
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130
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Kansagra S, Austin S, DeArmey S, Kishnani PS, Kravitz RM. Polysomnographic findings in infantile Pompe disease. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:3196-200. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Kansagra
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
| | - Stephanie Austin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
| | - Stephanie DeArmey
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
| | - Priya S. Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
| | - Richard M. Kravitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
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131
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Martiniuk F, Reggi S, Tchou-Wong KM, Rom WN, Busconi M, Fogher C. Production of a functional human acid maltase in tobacco seeds: biochemical analysis, uptake by human GSDII cells, and in vivo studies in GAA knockout mice. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:916-26. [PMID: 23907679 PMCID: PMC4703872 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic deficiency of acid alpha glucosidase (GAA) results in glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII) or Pompe's disease. To investigate whether we could generate a functional recombinant human GAA enzyme (tobrhGAA) in tobacco seeds for future enzyme replacement therapy, we subcloned the human GAA cDNA into the plant expression plasmid-pBI101 under the control of the soybean β-conglycinin seed-specific promoter and biochemically analyzed the tobrhGAA. Tobacco seeds contain the metabolic machinery that is more compatible with mammalian glycosylation-phosphorylation and processing. We found the tobrhGAA to be enzymatically active was readily taken up by GSDII fibroblasts and in white blood cells from whole blood to reverse the defect. The tobrhGAA corrected the enzyme defect in tissues at 7 days after a single dose following intraperitoneal (IP) administration in GAA knockout (GAA(-/-)) mice. Additionally, we could purify the tobrhGAA since it bound tightly to the matrix of Sephadex G100 and can be eluted by competition with maltose. These data demonstrate indirectly that the tobrhGAA is fully functional, predominantly proteolytically cleaved and contains the minimal phosphorylation and mannose-6-phosphate residues essential for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Martiniuk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. iProDynamic Therapeutics, Inc, New York, NY 10128, USA
| | - Serena Reggi
- Plantechno Srl, Via Staffolo 60, 26041 Casalmaggiore, Italy
| | - Kam-Meng Tchou-Wong
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - William N. Rom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Matteo Busconi
- Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Via E. Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Corrado Fogher
- Plantechno Srl, Via Staffolo 60, 26041 Casalmaggiore, Italy
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TOSCANO ANTONIO, MONTAGNESE FEDERICA, MUSUMECI OLIMPIA. Early is better? A new algorithm for early diagnosis in late onset Pompe disease (LOPD). ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2013; 32:78-81. [PMID: 24399862 PMCID: PMC3866896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ANTONIO TOSCANO
- Address for correspondence: Antonio Toscano, Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, via C. Valeria 1, 98125 Messina. E-mail:
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Banugaria SG, Prater SN, Patel TT, DeArmey SM, Milleson C, Sheets KB, Bali DS, Rehder CW, Raiman JAJ, Wang RA, Labarthe F, Charrow J, Harmatz P, Chakraborty P, Rosenberg AS, Kishnani PS. Algorithm for the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with cross reactive immunologic material-negative classic infantile pompe disease: a step towards improving the efficacy of ERT. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67052. [PMID: 23825616 PMCID: PMC3692419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is a highly effective therapy, CRIM-negative (CN) infantile Pompe disease (IPD) patients typically mount a strong immune response which abrogates the efficacy of ERT, resulting in clinical decline and death. This study was designed to demonstrate that immune tolerance induction (ITI) prevents or diminishes the development of antibody titers, resulting in a better clinical outcome compared to CN IPD patients treated with ERT monotherapy. METHODS We evaluated the safety, efficacy and feasibility of a clinical algorithm designed to accurately identify CN IPD patients and minimize delays between CRIM status determination and initiation of an ITI regimen (combination of rituximab, methotrexate and IVIG) concurrent with ERT. Clinical and laboratory data including measures of efficacy analysis for response to ERT were analyzed and compared to CN IPD patients treated with ERT monotherapy. RESULTS Seven CN IPD patients were identified and started on the ITI regimen concurrent with ERT. Median time from diagnosis of CN status to commencement of ERT and ITI was 0.5 months (range: 0.1-1.6 months). At baseline, all patients had significant cardiomyopathy and all but one required respiratory support. The ITI regimen was safely tolerated in all seven cases. Four patients never seroconverted and remained antibody-free. One patient died from respiratory failure. Two patients required another course of the ITI regimen. In addition to their clinical improvement, the antibody titers observed in these patients were much lower than those seen in ERT monotherapy treated CN patients. CONCLUSIONS The ITI regimen appears safe and efficacious and holds promise in altering the natural history of CN IPD by increasing ERT efficacy. An algorithm such as this substantiates the benefits of accelerated diagnosis and management of CN IPD patients, thus, further supporting the importance of early identification and treatment initiation with newborn screening for IPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhrad G. Banugaria
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sean N. Prater
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Trusha T. Patel
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M. DeArmey
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christie Milleson
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kathryn B. Sheets
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Deeksha S. Bali
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Catherine W. Rehder
- Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Laboratories, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Julian A. J. Raiman
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond A. Wang
- Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, United States of America
| | | | - Joel Charrow
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Paul Harmatz
- Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | | | - Amy S. Rosenberg
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Priya S. Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Platt FM, Boland B, van der Spoel AC. The cell biology of disease: lysosomal storage disorders: the cellular impact of lysosomal dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [PMID: 23185029 PMCID: PMC3514785 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201208152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a family of disorders that result from inherited gene mutations that perturb lysosomal homeostasis. LSDs mainly stem from deficiencies in lysosomal enzymes, but also in some non-enzymatic lysosomal proteins, which lead to abnormal storage of macromolecular substrates. Valuable insights into lysosome functions have emerged from research into these diseases. In addition to primary lysosomal dysfunction, cellular pathways associated with other membrane-bound organelles are perturbed in these disorders. Through selective examples, we illustrate why the term “cellular storage disorders” may be a more appropriate description of these diseases and discuss therapies that can alleviate storage and restore normal cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, England, UK.
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Amiñoso C, Vallespin E, Fernández L, Arrabal LF, Desviat LR, Pérez B, Santos F, Solera J. Identification of the first deletion-insertion involving the complete structure of GAA gene and part of CCDC40 gene mediated by an Alu element. Gene 2013; 519:169-72. [PMID: 23402890 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease is an uncommon autosomal recessive glycogen storage disorder caused by deficiency of acid α-glucosidase. Classic infantile form triggers severe cardiomyopathy, hypotonia, and respiratory failure, leading to death within the first two years of life. The majority of patients with Pompe disease have been reported to have point mutations in the GAA gene. We report the first complex deletion-insertion encompassing the complete structure of GAA gene and a large fragment of the gene CCDC40 in a patient with very severe form of Pompe disease. Sequencing analysis of breakpoints allowed us to determine the potential implication of an Alu repeat in the pathogenic mechanism. We suggest that molecular strategy of Pompe disease should include systematic analysis of large rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Amiñoso
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Maga JA, Zhou J, Kambampati R, Peng S, Wang X, Bohnsack RN, Thomm A, Golata S, Tom P, Dahms NM, Byrne BJ, LeBowitz JH. Glycosylation-independent lysosomal targeting of acid α-glucosidase enhances muscle glycogen clearance in pompe mice. J Biol Chem 2012. [PMID: 23188827 PMCID: PMC3548456 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.438663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used a peptide-based targeting system to improve lysosomal delivery of acid α-glucosidase (GAA), the enzyme deficient in patients with Pompe disease. Human GAA was fused to the glycosylation-independent lysosomal targeting (GILT) tag, which contains a portion of insulin-like growth factor II, to create an active, chimeric enzyme with high affinity for the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor. GILT-tagged GAA was taken up by L6 myoblasts about 25-fold more efficiently than was recombinant human GAA (rhGAA). Once delivered to the lysosome, the mature form of GILT-tagged GAA was indistinguishable from rhGAA and persisted with a half-life indistinguishable from rhGAA. GILT-tagged GAA was significantly more effective than rhGAA in clearing glycogen from numerous skeletal muscle tissues in the Pompe mouse model. The GILT-tagged GAA enzyme may provide an improved enzyme replacement therapy for Pompe disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Maga
- ZyStor Therapeutics, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-4838, USA
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137
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Nishiyama Y, Shimada Y, Yokoi T, Kobayashi H, Higuchi T, Eto Y, Ida H, Ohashi T. Akt inactivation induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-independent autophagy in fibroblasts from patients with Pompe disease. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 107:490-5. [PMID: 23041259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease (glycogen storage disease type II) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder arising from a deficiency of lysosomal acid α-glucosidase (GAA). Accumulation of autophagosomes is a key pathological change in skeletal muscle fibers and fibroblasts from patients with Pompe disease and is implicated in the poor response to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). We previously found that mutant GAA-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress initiated autophagy in patient fibroblasts. However, the mechanism of induction of autophagy in fibroblasts from Pompe disease patients lacking ER stress remains unclear. In this study, we show that inactivated Akt induces ER stress-independent autophagy via mTOR suppression in patient fibroblasts. Activated autophagy as evidenced by increased levels of LC3-II and autophagic vesicles was observed in patient fibroblasts, whereas PERK phosphorylation reflecting the presence of ER stress was not observed in them. These patient fibroblasts showed decreased levels of not only phosphorylated Akt, but also phosphorylated p70 S6 kinase. Treatment with insulin, which acts as an activator of the Akt signaling pathway, resulted in increased phosphorylation of both Akt and p70 S6 kinase and suppression of autophagy in patient fibroblasts. In addition, following combination treatment with recombinant human GAA plus insulin, enhanced localization of the enzymes with lysosomes was observed in patient fibroblasts. These findings define a critical role of Akt suppression in the induction of autophagy in fibroblasts from patients with Pompe disease carrying an ER stress non-inducible mutation, and they provide evidence that insulin may potentiate the effect of ERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Nishiyama
- Department of Gene Therapy, Institute of DNA Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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Preisler N, Laforet P, Madsen KL, Hansen RS, Lukacs Z, Ørngreen MC, Lacour A, Vissing J. Fat and carbohydrate metabolism during exercise in late-onset Pompe disease. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 107:462-8. [PMID: 22981821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease is caused by absence of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase. It is generally assumed that intra-lysosomal hydrolysis of glycogen does not contribute to skeletal muscle energy production during exercise. However, this hypothesis has never been tested in vivo during exercise. We examined the metabolic response to exercise in patients with late-onset Pompe disease, in order to determine if a defect in energy metabolism may play a role in the pathogenesis of Pompe disease. We studied six adult patients with Pompe disease and 10 healthy subjects. The participants underwent ischemic forearm exercise testing, and peak work capacity was determined. Fat and carbohydrate metabolism during cycle exercise was examined with a combination of indirect calorimetry and stable isotope methodology. Finally, the effects of an IV glucose infusion on heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, and work capacity during exercise were determined. We found that peak oxidative capacity was reduced in the patients to 17.6 vs. 38.8 ml kg(-1) min(-1) in healthy subjects (p = 0.002). There were no differences in the rate of appearance and rate of oxidation of palmitate, or total fat and carbohydrate oxidation, between the patients and the healthy subjects. None of the subjects improved exercise tolerance by IV glucose infusion. In conclusion, peak oxidative capacity is reduced in Pompe disease. However, skeletal muscle fat and carbohydrate use during exercise was normal. The results indicate that a reduced exercise capacity is caused by muscle weakness and wasting, rather than by an impaired skeletal muscle glycogenolytic capacity. Thus, it appears that acid alpha-glucosidase does not play a significant role in the production of energy in skeletal muscle during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Preisler
- Neuromuscular Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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139
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Skalsky AJ, Oskarsson B, Han JJ, Richman D. Current pharmacologic management in selected neuromuscular diseases. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2012; 23:801-20. [PMID: 23137738 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For generations, the neuromuscular disorder care community has focused on establishing the correct diagnosis and providing supportive care. As the pathophysiology and genetics of these conditions became better understood, novel treatments targeting the disease mechanism were developed. This has led to some significant disease-modifying and supportive treatments for several neuromuscular disorders. The current treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), neuromuscular junction disorders, inflammatory myopathies, and myotonia are reviewed. Additionally, investigational treatments for ALS, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and spinal muscular atrophy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Skalsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
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140
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van Gelder CM, Vollebregt AAM, Plug I, van der Ploeg AT, Reuser AJJ. Treatment options for lysosomal storage disorders: developing insights. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012; 13:2281-99. [PMID: 23009070 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2012.729039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are clinically heterogeneous disorders that result primarily from lysosomal accumulation of macromolecules in various tissues. LSDs are always progressive, and often lead to severe symptoms and premature death. The identification of the underlying genetic and enzymatic defects has prompted the development of various treatment options. AREAS COVERED To describe the current treatment options for LSDs, the authors provide a focused overview of their pathophysiology. They discuss the current applications and challenges of enzyme-replacement therapy, stem-cell therapy, gene therapy, chaperone therapy and substrate-reduction therapy, as well as future therapeutic prospects. EXPERT OPINION Over recent decades, considerable progress has been made in the treatment of LSDs and in the outcome of patients. None of the current options are completely curative yet. They are complicated by the difficulty in efficiently targeting all affected tissues (particularly the central nervous system), in reaching sufficiently high enzyme levels in the target tissues, and by their high costs. The pathways leading from the genetic mutation to the clinical symptoms should be further elucidated, as they might prompt the development of new and ultimately curative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin M van Gelder
- Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. Molewaterplein 60, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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141
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Proteome analysis reveals protein candidates involved in early stages of brain regeneration of teleost fish. Neuroscience 2012; 219:302-13. [PMID: 22659563 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of the molecular dynamics underlying regeneration in the central nervous system of regeneration-competent organisms has received little attention thus far. By combining a cerebellar lesion paradigm with differential proteome analysis at a post-lesion survival time of 30 min, we screened for protein candidates involved in the early stages of regeneration in the cerebellum of such an organism, the teleost fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus. Out of 769 protein spots, the intensity of 26 spots was significantly increased by a factor of at least 1.5 in the lesioned hemisphere, relative to the intact hemisphere. The intensity of 9 protein spots was significantly reduced by a factor of at least 1.5. The proteins associated with 15 of the spots were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting and/or tandem mass spectrometry, resulting in the identification of a total of 11 proteins. Proteins whose abundance was significantly increased include: erythrocyte membrane protein 4.1N, fibrinogen gamma polypeptide, fructose-biphosphate aldolase C, alpha-internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein, major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chain, 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8, tubulin alpha-1C chain, and ubiquitin-specific protease 5. Proteins with significantly decreased levels of abundance include: brain glycogen phosphorylase, neuron-specific calcium-binding protein hippocalcin, and spectrin alpha 2. We hypothesize that these proteins are involved in energy metabolism, blood clotting, electron transfer in oxidative reactions, cytoskeleton degradation, apoptotic cell death, synaptic plasticity, axonal regeneration, and promotion of mitotic activity.
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142
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Acid phosphatase-positive globular inclusions is a good diagnostic marker for two patients with adult-onset Pompe disease lacking disease specific pathology. Neuromuscul Disord 2012; 22:389-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lieberman AP, Puertollano R, Raben N, Slaugenhaupt S, Walkley SU, Ballabio A. Autophagy in lysosomal storage disorders. Autophagy 2012; 8:719-30. [PMID: 22647656 PMCID: PMC3378416 DOI: 10.4161/auto.19469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are ubiquitous intracellular organelles that have an acidic internal pH, and play crucial roles in cellular clearance. Numerous functions depend on normal lysosomes, including the turnover of cellular constituents, cholesterol homeostasis, downregulation of surface receptors, inactivation of pathogenic organisms, repair of the plasma membrane and bone remodeling. Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are characterized by progressive accumulation of undigested macromolecules within the cell due to lysosomal dysfunction. As a consequence, many tissues and organ systems are affected, including brain, viscera, bone and cartilage. The progressive nature of phenotype development is one of the hallmarks of LSDs. In recent years biochemical and cell biology studies of LSDs have revealed an ample spectrum of abnormalities in a variety of cellular functions. These include defects in signaling pathways, calcium homeostasis, lipid biosynthesis and degradation and intracellular trafficking. Lysosomes also play a fundamental role in the autophagic pathway by fusing with autophagosomes and digesting their content. Considering the highly integrated function of lysosomes and autophagosomes it was reasonable to expect that lysosomal storage in LSDs would have an impact upon autophagy. The goal of this review is to provide readers with an overview of recent findings that have been obtained through analysis of the autophagic pathway in several types of LSDs, supporting the idea that LSDs could be seen primarily as "autophagy disorders."
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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144
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Raben N, Wong A, Ralston E, Myerowitz R. Autophagy and mitochondria in Pompe disease: nothing is so new as what has long been forgotten. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2012; 160C:13-21. [PMID: 22253254 PMCID: PMC3265635 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (often referred to as autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular system by which macromolecules and organelles are delivered to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. Autophagy is robustly induced in response to starvation in order to generate nutrients and energy through the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic components. Constitutive, basal autophagy serves as a quality control mechanism for the elimination of aggregated proteins and worn-out or damaged organelles, such as mitochondria. Research during the last decade has made it clear that malfunctioning or failure of this system is associated with a wide range of human pathologies and age-related diseases. Our recent data provide strong evidence for the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of Pompe disease, a lysosomal glycogen storage disease caused by deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). Large pools of autophagic debris in skeletal muscle cells can be seen in both our GAA knockout model and patients with Pompe disease. In this review, we will focus on these recent data, and comment on the not so recent observations pointing to the involvement of autophagy in skeletal muscle damage in Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Raben
- NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1820, USA.
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Abstract
With a constitutive recycling function and the capacity to digest exogenous material as well as endogenous organelles in the process of autophagy, lysosomes are at the heart of the living cell. Dynamic interactions with other cellular components ensure that the lysosomal compartment is a central point of convergence in countless diverse diseases. Inborn lysosomal (storage) diseases represent about 70 genetically distinct conditions, with a combined birth frequency of about 1 in 7500. Many are associated with macromolecular storage, causing physical disruption of the organelle and cognate structures; in neurons, ectopic dendritogenesis and axonal swelling due to distension with membraneous tubules and autophagic vacuoles are observed. Disordered autophagy is almost universal in lysosomal diseases but biochemical injury due to toxic metabolites such as lysosphingolipid molecules, abnormal calcium homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses and immune-inflammatory processes occur. However, in no case have the mechanistic links between individual clinico-pathological manifestations and the underlying molecular defect been precisely defined. With access to the external fluid-phase and intracellular trafficking pathways, the lysosome and its diseases are a focus of pioneering investment in biotechnology; this has generated innovative orphan drugs and, in the case of Gaucher's disease, effective treatment for the haematological and visceral manifestations. Given that two-thirds of lysosomal diseases have potentially devastating consequences in the nervous system, future therapeutic research will require an integrative understanding of the unitary steps in their neuro pathogenesis. Informative genetic variants illustrated by patients with primary defects in this organelle offer unique insights into the central role of lysosomes in human health and disease. We provide a conspectus of inborn lysosomal diseases and their pathobiology; the cryptic evolution of events leading to irreversible changes may be dissociated from the cellular storage phenotype, as revealed by the outcome of therapeutic gene transfer undertaken at different stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Kroos M, Hoogeveen-Westerveld M, van der Ploeg A, Reuser AJ. The genotype-phenotype correlation in Pompe disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2012; 160C:59-68. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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147
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Nagiub M, Alton K, Anne P. Infantile hypotonia with failure to thrive. Am J Case Rep 2012; 13:214-7. [PMID: 23569532 PMCID: PMC3615929 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.883367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pompe disease is a lysosomal glycogen storage disease (GSDII) characterized by deficiency of acid glucosidase, resulting in lysosomal glycogen accumulation in multiple tissues, with cardiac and skeletal muscles being the most seriously affected. It manifests itself as a spectrum in multiple age groups including infancy, childhood and adulthood. Case Report: We present a case of infantile Pompe disease that was detected at a four month well visit in the presence of hypotonia and failure to thrive. Conclusions: Pompe disease can be diagnosed clinically by plotting growth parameters and performing developmental screening accurately. Enzyme replacement is the only available medical treatment for Pompe disease. High index of suspicion is necessary in diagnosing Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nagiub
- Department of Pediatrics, St. John Children’s Hospital, Detroit, MI, U.S.A
| | - Karen Alton
- Department of Pediatrics, St. John Children’s Hospital, Detroit, MI, U.S.A
| | - Premchand Anne
- Department of Pediatrics, St. John Children’s Hospital, Detroit, MI, U.S.A. and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, St. John Children’s Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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148
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Mass spectrometric quantification of glycogen to assess primary substrate accumulation in the Pompe mouse. Anal Biochem 2011; 421:759-63. [PMID: 22239964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage in the α-glucosidase knockout((6neo/6neo)) mouse recapitulates the biochemical defect that occurs in the human condition; as such, this mouse serves as a model for the inherited metabolic deficiency of lysosomal acid α-glucosidase known as Pompe disease. Although this model has been widely used for the assessment of therapies, the time course of glycogen accumulation that occurs as untreated Pompe mice age has not been reported. To address this, we developed a quantitative method involving amyloglucosidase digestion of glycogen and quantification of the resulting free glucose by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was sensitive enough to measure as little as 0.1 μg of glycogen in tissue extracts with intra- and interassay coefficients of variation of less than 12%. Quantification of glycogen in tissues from Pompe mice from birth to 26 weeks of age showed that, in addition to the accumulation of glycogen in the heart and skeletal muscle, glycogen also progressively accumulated in the brain, diaphragm, and skin. Glycogen storage was also evident at birth in these tissues. This method may be particularly useful for longitudinal assessment of glycogen reduction in response to experimental therapies being trialed in this model.
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149
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Cupler EJ, Berger KI, Leshner RT, Wolfe GI, Han JJ, Barohn RJ, Kissel JT. Consensus treatment recommendations for late-onset Pompe disease. Muscle Nerve 2011; 45:319-33. [PMID: 22173792 DOI: 10.1002/mus.22329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pompe disease is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the glycogen-degrading lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase. Late-onset Pompe disease is a multisystem condition, with a heterogeneous clinical presentation that mimics other neuromuscular disorders. METHODS Objective is to propose consensus-based treatment and management recommendations for late-onset Pompe disease. METHODS A systematic review of the literature by a panel of specialists with expertise in Pompe disease was undertaken. CONCLUSIONS A multidisciplinary team should be involved to properly treat the pulmonary, neuromuscular, orthopedic, and gastrointestinal elements of late-onset Pompe disease. Presymptomatic patients with subtle objective signs of Pompe disease (and patients symptomatic at diagnosis) should begin treatment with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) immediately; presymptomatic patients without symptoms or signs should be observed without use of ERT. After 1 year of ERT, patients' condition should be reevaluated to determine whether ERT should be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Cupler
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Oda E, Tanaka T, Migita O, Kosuga M, Fukushi M, Okumiya T, Osawa M, Okuyama T. Newborn screening for Pompe disease in Japan. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 104:560-5. [PMID: 21963784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease is caused by a deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) that results in glycogen accumulation, primarily in muscle. Newborn screening (NBS) for Pompe disease has been initiated in Taiwan and is reportedly successful. However, the comparatively high frequency of pseudodeficiency allele makes NBS for Pompe disease complicated in Taiwan. To investigate the feasibility of NBS for Pompe disease in Japan, we obtained dried blood spots (DBSs) from 496 healthy Japanese controls, 29 Japanese patients with Pompe disease, and five obligate carriers, and assayed GAA activity under the following conditions: (1) total GAA measured at pH 3.8, (2) GAA measured at pH 3.8 in the presence of acarbose, and (3) neutral glucosidase activity (NAG) measured at pH 7.0 without acarbose. The % inhibition and NAG/GAA ratio were calculated. For screening, samples with GAA<8% of the normal mean, % inhibition>60%, and NAG/GAA ratio>30 were considered to be positive. Two false positive cases (0.3%) were found, one was a healthy homozygote of pseudodeficiency allele (c.1726G>A). The low false-positive rate suggests that NBS for Pompe disease is feasible in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Oda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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