101
|
Refractive index of human red blood cells between 290 nm and 1100 nm determined by optical extinction measurements. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4623. [PMID: 30874567 PMCID: PMC6420646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of optical properties of biological cells is essential to interpret their interaction with light and to derive morphological information and parameters associated with cell function like the oxygen transport capacity of human red blood cells (RBCs). We present a method to determine the dependence between the refractive index (RI) of human RBCs and their intracellular hemoglobin (Hb) concentration from spectral extinction measurements of a cell suspension. The procedure is based on the analysis of the corresponding ensemble averaged extinction cross section \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${\bar{{\boldsymbol{C}}}}_{{\bf{e}}{\bf{x}}{\bf{t}}}(\lambda )$$\end{document}C¯ext(λ). Thus far two complementary approaches have been taken to derive RIs of RBCs. The first one uses homogeneous macroscopic samples prepared by hemolysis for the destruction of the RBCs’ membranes and subsequent centrifugation. A second approach is the determination of RIs of single intact cells by microscopic investigation. These techniques are limited to a few discrete wavelengths or a rather narrow wavelength range. In addition most of these techniques require additional information about the concentration dependence. In contrast, our approach yields the RI increment with Hb concentration of intact, reversibly isovolumetrically sphered, oxygenated RBCs over a wide wavelength range from 290 nm to 1100 nm from macroscopic measurements.
Collapse
|
102
|
Fiore A, Bevilacqua C, Scarcelli G. Direct Three-Dimensional Measurement of Refractive Index via Dual Photon-Phonon Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:103901. [PMID: 30932682 PMCID: PMC6530466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We developed a microscopy technique that can measure the local refractive index without sampling the optical phase delay of the electromagnetic radiation. To do this, we designed and experimentally demonstrated a setup with two colocalized Brillouin scattering interactions that couple to a common acoustic phonon axis; in this scenario, the ratio of Brillouin frequency shifts depends on the refractive index, but not on any other mechanical and/or optical properties of the sample. Integrating the spectral measurement within a confocal microscope, the refractive index is mapped at micron-scale three-dimensional resolution. As the refractive index is probed in epidetection and without assumptions on the geometrical dimensions of the sample, this method may prove useful to characterize biological cells and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fiore
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Carlo Bevilacqua
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Liu S, Deng Z, Li J, Wang J, Huang N, Cui R, Zhang Q, Mei J, Zhou W, Zhang C, Ye Q, Tian J. Measurement of the refractive index of whole blood and its components for a continuous spectral region. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-5. [PMID: 30848110 PMCID: PMC6403469 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.035003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The refractive index of blood is a key biophysical parameter, which can reflect the physiological state. We measured the refractive index of whole blood and other components, such as serum, plasma, and hemoglobin, based on internal reflection by using a homemade apparatus in the spectral range of 400 to 750 nm. In addition to the hemoglobin solution, which has a Soret band about 420 nm and two Q-bands between 500 and 600 nm, the measurements of other samples are the normal dispersion curve. The results are approximated by the Cauchy equation and Sellmeier equation, and the correlation coefficients are more than 0.997.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shike Liu
- Nankai University, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhichao Deng
- Nankai University, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- National Institute of Metrology, Division of Optics, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Nankai University, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningning Huang
- Nankai University, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiming Cui
- Nankai University, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiannan Zhang
- Nankai University, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianchun Mei
- Nankai University, The 211 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University, Advanced Technology Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhou
- Nankai University, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University, The 211 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Nankai University, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Nankai University, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University, The 211 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianguo Tian
- Nankai University, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University, The 211 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Therapy, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Liu B, Blanch AJ, Namvar A, Carmo O, Tiash S, Andrew D, Hanssen E, Rajagopal V, Dixon MW, Tilley L. Multimodal analysis of
Plasmodium knowlesi
‐infected erythrocytes reveals large invaginations, swelling of the host cell, and rheological defects. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13005. [PMID: 30634201 PMCID: PMC6593759 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The simian parasite Plasmodium knowlesi causes severe and fatal malaria infections in humans, but the process of host cell remodelling that underpins the pathology of this zoonotic parasite is only poorly understood. We have used serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy to explore the topography of P. knowlesi‐infected red blood cells (RBCs) at different stages of asexual development. The parasite elaborates large flattened cisternae (Sinton Mulligan's clefts) and tubular vesicles in the host cell cytoplasm, as well as parasitophorous vacuole membrane bulges and blebs, and caveolar structures at the RBC membrane. Large invaginations of host RBC cytoplasm are formed early in development, both from classical cytostomal structures and from larger stabilised pores. Although degradation of haemoglobin is observed in multiple disconnected digestive vacuoles, the persistence of large invaginations during development suggests inefficient consumption of the host cell cytoplasm. The parasite eventually occupies ~40% of the host RBC volume, inducing a 20% increase in volume of the host RBC and an 11% decrease in the surface area to volume ratio, which collectively decreases the ability of the P. knowlesi‐infected RBCs to enter small capillaries of a human erythrocyte microchannel analyser. Ektacytometry reveals a markedly decreased deformability, whereas correlative light microscopy/scanning electron microscopy and python‐based skeleton analysis (Skan) reveal modifications to the surface of infected RBCs that underpin these physical changes. We show that P. knowlesi‐infected RBCs are refractory to treatment with sorbitol lysis but are hypersensitive to hypotonic lysis. The observed physical changes in the host RBCs may underpin the pathology observed in patients infected with P. knowlesi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Adam J. Blanch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Arman Namvar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Olivia Carmo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Snigdha Tiash
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Dean Andrew
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Advanced Microscopy Facility Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Vijay Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Matthew W.A. Dixon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Leann Tilley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Midtvedt D, Olsén E, Höök F, Jeffries GDM. Label-free spatio-temporal monitoring of cytosolic mass, osmolarity, and volume in living cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:340. [PMID: 30664642 PMCID: PMC6341078 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms adapt their biophysical properties in response to changes in their local environment. However, quantifying these changes at the single-cell level has only recently become possible, largely relying on fluorescent labeling strategies. In this work, we utilize yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to demonstrate label-free quantification of changes in both intracellular osmolarity and macromolecular concentration in response to changes in the local environment. By combining a digital holographic microscope with a millifluidic chip, the temporal response of cellular water flux was successfully isolated from the rate of production of higher molecular weight compounds, in addition to identifying the produced compounds in terms of the product of their refractive index increment [Formula: see text] and molar mass. The ability to identify, quantify and temporally resolve multiple biophysical processes in living cells at the single cell level offers a crucial complement to label-based strategies, suggesting broad applicability in studies of a wide-range of cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Midtvedt
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Erik Olsén
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gavin D M Jeffries
- Department of Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Takabayashi M, Majeed H, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Popescu G. Tissue spatial correlation as cancer marker. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-6. [PMID: 30666854 PMCID: PMC6985696 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.1.016502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose an intrinsic cancer marker in fixed tissue biopsy slides, which is based on the local spatial autocorrelation length obtained from quantitative phase images. The spatial autocorrelation length in a small region of the tissue phase image is sensitive to the nanoscale cellular morphological alterations and can hence inform on carcinogenesis. Therefore, this metric can potentially be used as an intrinsic cancer marker in histopathology. Typically, these correlation length maps are calculated by computing two-dimensional Fourier transforms over image subregions-requiring long computational times. We propose a more time-efficient method of computing the correlation map and demonstrate its value for diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tissues. Our methodology is based on highly sensitive quantitative phase imaging data obtained by spatial light interference microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Takabayashi
- Kyushu Institute of Technology, Department of Systems Design and Informatics, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Address all correspondence to Masanori Takabayashi, E-mail:
| | - Hassaan Majeed
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Zhang D, Lan L, Bai Y, Majeed H, Kandel ME, Popescu G, Cheng JX. Bond-selective transient phase imaging via sensing of the infrared photothermal effect. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:116. [PMID: 31839936 PMCID: PMC6904725 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Phase-contrast microscopy converts the phase shift of light passing through a transparent specimen, e.g., a biological cell, into brightness variations in an image. This ability to observe structures without destructive fixation or staining has been widely utilized for applications in materials and life sciences. Despite these advantages, phase-contrast microscopy lacks the ability to reveal molecular information. To address this gap, we developed a bond-selective transient phase (BSTP) imaging technique that excites molecular vibrations by infrared light, resulting in a transient change in phase shift that can be detected by a diffraction phase microscope. By developing a time-gated pump-probe camera system, we demonstrate BSTP imaging of live cells at a 50 Hz frame rate with high spectral fidelity, sub-microsecond temporal resolution, and sub-micron spatial resolution. Our approach paves a new way for spectroscopic imaging investigation in biology and materials science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028 China
| | - Lu Lan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Yeran Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- National Laboratory on High Power Laser and Physics, Shanghai, 201800 China
- Key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800 China
| | - Hassaan Majeed
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801 USA
| | - Mikhail E. Kandel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801 USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801 USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Park HS, Eldridge WJ, Yang WH, Crose M, Ceballos S, Roback JD, Chi JTA, Wax A. Quantitative phase imaging of erythrocytes under microfluidic constriction in a high refractive index medium reveals water content changes. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2019; 5:63. [PMID: 31814994 PMCID: PMC6885519 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the deformability of red blood cells can reveal a range of pathologies. For example, cells which have been stored for transfusion are known to exhibit progressively impaired deformability. Thus, this aspect of red blood cells has been characterized previously using a range of techniques. In this paper, we show a novel approach for examining the biophysical response of the cells with quantitative phase imaging. Specifically, optical volume changes are observed as the cells transit restrictive channels of a microfluidic chip in a high refractive index medium. The optical volume changes indicate an increase of cell's internal density, ostensibly due to water displacement. Here, we characterize these changes over time for red blood cells from two subjects. By storage day 29, a significant decrease in the magnitude of optical volume change in response to mechanical stress was witnessed. The exchange of water with the environment due to mechanical stress is seen to modulate with storage time, suggesting a potential means for studying cell storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Sang Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Will J. Eldridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Michael Crose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Silvia Ceballos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - John D. Roback
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Ashley Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Kim G, Jo Y, Cho H, Min HS, Park Y. Learning-based screening of hematologic disorders using quantitative phase imaging of individual red blood cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 123:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
110
|
Introini V, Carciati A, Tomaiuolo G, Cicuta P, Guido S. Endothelial glycocalyx regulates cytoadherence in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:20180773. [PMID: 30958233 PMCID: PMC6303788 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is associated with significant microcirculation disorders, especially when the infection reaches its severe stage. This can lead to a range of fatal conditions, from cerebral malaria to multiple organ failure, of not fully understood pathogenesis. It has recently been proposed that a breakdown of the glycocalyx, the carbohydrate-rich layer lining the vascular endothelium, plays a key role in severe malaria, but direct evidence supporting this hypothesis is still lacking. Here, the interactions between Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells ( PfRBCs) and endothelial glycocalyx are investigated by developing an in vitro, physiologically relevant model of human microcirculation based on microfluidics. Impairment of the glycocalyx is obtained by enzymatic removal of sialic acid residues, which, due to their terminal location and net negative charge, are implicated in the initial interactions with contacting cells. We show a more than twofold increase of PfRBC adhesion to endothelial cells upon enzymatic treatment, relative to untreated endothelial cells. As a control, no effect of enzymatic treatment on healthy red blood cell adhesion is found. The increased adhesion of PfRBCs is also associated with cell flipping and reduced velocity as compared to the untreated endothelium. Altogether, these results provide a compelling evidence of the increased cytoadherence of PfRBCs to glycocalyx-impaired vascular endothelium, thus supporting the advocated role of glycocalyx disruption in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viola Introini
- Biological and Soft Systems, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Antonio Carciati
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tomaiuolo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Cicuta
- Biological and Soft Systems, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Stefano Guido
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Eldridge WJ, Hoballah J, Wax A. Molecular and biophysical analysis of apoptosis using a combined quantitative phase imaging and fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscope. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800126. [PMID: 29896886 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic mechanisms are often dysregulated in cancerous phenotypes. Additionally, many anticancer treatments induce apoptosis and necrosis, and the monitoring of this apoptotic activity can allow researchers to identify therapeutic efficiency. Here, we introduce a microscope which combines quantitative phase imaging (QPI) with the ability to detect molecular events via fluorescence (or Förster) resonance energy transfer (FRET). The system was applied to study cells undergoing apoptosis to correlate the onset of apoptotic enzyme activity as observed using a FRET-based apoptosis sensor with whole cell morphological changes analyzed via QPI. The QPI data showed changes in cell disorder strength during the initiation of apoptotic enzymatic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Will J Eldridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jawad Hoballah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Abstract
This study introduces label-free digital holo-tomographic microscopy (DHTM) and refractive index gradient (RIG) measurements of live, virus-infected cells. We use DHTM to describe virus type-specific cytopathic effects, including cyclic volume changes of vaccinia virus infections, and cytoplasmic condensations in herpesvirus and rhinovirus infections, distinct from apoptotic cells. This work shows for the first time that DHTM is suitable to observe virus-infected cells and distinguishes virus type-specific signatures under noninvasive conditions. It provides a basis for future studies, where correlative fluorescence microscopy of cell and virus structures annotate distinct RIG values derived from DHTM. Cytopathic effects (CPEs) are a hallmark of infections. CPEs are difficult to observe due to phototoxicity from classical light microscopy. We report distinct patterns of virus infections in live cells using digital holo-tomographic microscopy (DHTM). DHTM is label-free and records the phase shift of low-energy light passing through the specimen on a transparent surface with minimal perturbation. DHTM measures the refractive index (RI) and computes the refractive index gradient (RIG), unveiling optical heterogeneity in cells. We find that vaccinia virus (VACV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and rhinovirus (RV) infections progressively and distinctly increased RIG. VACV infection, but not HSV and RV infections, induced oscillations of cell volume, while all three viruses altered cytoplasmic membrane dynamics and induced apoptotic features akin to those caused by the chemical compound staurosporine. In sum, we introduce DHTM for quantitative label-free microscopy in infection research and uncover virus type-specific changes and CPE in living cells with minimal interference. IMPORTANCE This study introduces label-free digital holo-tomographic microscopy (DHTM) and refractive index gradient (RIG) measurements of live, virus-infected cells. We use DHTM to describe virus type-specific cytopathic effects, including cyclic volume changes of vaccinia virus infections, and cytoplasmic condensations in herpesvirus and rhinovirus infections, distinct from apoptotic cells. This work shows for the first time that DHTM is suitable to observe virus-infected cells and distinguishes virus type-specific signatures under noninvasive conditions. It provides a basis for future studies, where correlative fluorescence microscopy of cell and virus structures annotate distinct RIG values derived from DHTM.
Collapse
|
113
|
Park HS, Ceballos S, Eldridge WJ, Wax A. Invited Article: Digital refocusing in quantitative phase imaging for flowing red blood cells. APL PHOTONICS 2018; 3:110802. [PMID: 31192306 PMCID: PMC6561492 DOI: 10.1063/1.5043536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) offers high optical path length sensitivity, probing nanoscale features of live cells, but it is typically limited to imaging just few static cells at a time. To enable utility as a biomedical diagnostic modality, higher throughput is needed. To meet this need, methods for imaging cells in flow using QPI are in development. An important need for this application is to enable accurate quantitative analysis. However, this can be complicated when cells shift focal planes during flow. QPI permits digital refocusing since the complex optical field is measured. Here we analyze QPI images of moving red blood cells with an emphasis on choosing a quantitative criterion for digitally refocusing cell images. Of particular interest is the influence of optical absorption which can skew refocusing algorithms. Examples of refocusing of holographic images of flowing red blood cells using different approaches are presented and analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Sang Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Silvia Ceballos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Will J Eldridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
CHOI YOUNGWOON, HOSSEINI POORYA, KANG JEONWOONG, KANG SUNGSAM, YANG TAESEOKDANIEL, HYEON MINGYU, KIM BEOPMIN, SO PETERTC, YAQOOB ZAHID. Reflection phase microscopy using spatio-temporal coherence of light. OPTICA 2018; 5:1468-1473. [PMID: 31008154 PMCID: PMC6472928 DOI: 10.1364/optica.5.001468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Many disease states are associated with cellular biomechanical changes as markers. Label-free phase microscopes are used to quantify thermally driven interface fluctuations, which allow the deduction of important cellular rheological properties. Here, the spatio-temporal coherence of light was used to implement a high-speed reflection phase microscope with superior depth selectivity and higher phase sensitivity. Nanometric scale motion of cytoplasmic structures can be visualized with fine details and three-dimensional resolution. Specifically, the spontaneous fluctuation occurring on the nuclear membrane of a living cell was observed at video rate. By converting the reflection phase into displacement, the sensitivity in quantifying nuclear membrane fluctuation was found to be about one nanometer. A reflection phase microscope can potentially elucidate biomechanical mechanisms of pathological and physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YOUNGWOON CHOI
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- Corresponding author:
| | - POORYA HOSSEINI
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - JEON WOONG KANG
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - SUNGSAM KANG
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - TAESEOK DANIEL YANG
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - MIN GYU HYEON
- Department of Biomicro System Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - BEOP-MIN KIM
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- Department of Biomicro System Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - PETER T. C. SO
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Mechanical and Biological Engineering Departments, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - ZAHID YAQOOB
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Mathematical model of detection of intra-erythrocyte pathologies using optoacoustic method. BIOMEDICAL PHOTONICS 2018. [DOI: 10.24931/2413-9432-2018-7-3-36-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria causes a serious health problem in the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. In many cases, the consequences of this disease are fatal. Therefore, a simple, fast, accurate and affordable diagnostic system for the early detection of this disease is necessary for the timely administration of antimalarial drugs.The malarial parasite, during its intra-erythrocyte development, processes a significant amount of hemoglobin, which in this case turns into a hem form called hemozoin. Hemozoin and hemoglobin have different molar extinction coefficients at certain optical wavelengths, hence, light absorption and an optoacoustic signal (OAS) from the infected cell will be different from that of a healthy cell. The paper describes the developed theoretical model intended for studying the influence of intra-erythrocyte malarial parasite development on optoacoustic signals. The OAS were calculated based on the models of healthy and infected blood modeled on the basis of a 3D model.The simulated OAS were analyzed in the temporal and frequency domains to obtain signs of infection at various stages. The calculated OAS spectra have different amplitude levels, which indicates that the optoacoustic method can be useful for differentiating various intraerythrocyte stages of the malarial parasite. The carried out modeling and the results obtained allow us to continue working on the creation of an optoacoustic flow cytometer.
Collapse
|
116
|
Febrile Temperature Elevates the Expression of Phosphatidylserine on Plasmodium falciparum (FCR3CSA) Infected Red Blood Cell Surface Leading to Increased Cytoadhesion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15022. [PMID: 30302009 PMCID: PMC6177484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the asexual intra-erythrocytic cycle, Plasmodium (P.) falciparum exports parasitic proteins to the surface of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) facilitating its cytoadhesion to various endothelial host receptors. This adhesive behavior is a critical contributor towards disease manifestation. However, little is known about the influence of recurring elevated temperature – a common symptom of the malaria infection – on the adhesive properties of iRBCs to endothelial receptors. To address this, we performed dual-micropipette step-pressure technique between P. falciparum (strain FCR3CSA) iRBCs and Chinese Hamster Ovary cells expressing Chondroitin sulfate A (CHO-CSA) after transient iRBCs incubation at febrile temperatures which revealed increase in adhesion parameters. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis revealed an increase in phosphatidylserine (PS) expression on the iRBC surface following exposure to febrile temperature. The adhesion between iRBCs and CHO-CSA cells was remarkably reduced in presence of soluble Annexin V, indicating the mediation of PS on the adhesion events. Our results suggest that elevated PS recruitment on iRBC under thermally stressed conditions contributes to the increased adhesive behavior of iRBCs CSA-binding phenotype to CHO-CSA.
Collapse
|
117
|
Kim YS, Lee S, Jung J, Shin S, Choi HG, Cha GH, Park W, Lee S, Park Y. Combining Three-Dimensional Quantitative Phase Imaging and Fluorescence Microscopy for the Study of Cell Pathophysiology. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 91:267-277. [PMID: 30258314 PMCID: PMC6153632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has emerged as one of the powerful imaging tools for the study of live cells in a non-invasive manner. In particular, multimodal approaches combining QPI and fluorescence microscopic techniques have been recently developed for superior spatiotemporal resolution as well as high molecular specificity. In this review, we briefly summarize recent advances in three-dimensional QPI combined with fluorescence techniques for the correlative study of cell pathophysiology. Through this review, biologists and clinicians can be provided with insights on this rapidly growing field of research and may find broader applications to investigate unrevealed nature in cell physiology and related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Seo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Tomocube Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea,KAIST Institute of Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - SangYun Lee
- KAIST Institute of Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHwang Jung
- KAIST Institute of Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Shin
- KAIST Institute of Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - He-Gwon Choi
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang-Ho Cha
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Weisun Park
- Tomocube Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea,KAIST Institute of Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Lee
- Tomocube Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Tomocube Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea,KAIST Institute of Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: YongKeun Park, Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Go T, Kim JH, Byeon H, Lee SJ. Machine learning-based in-line holographic sensing of unstained malaria-infected red blood cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800101. [PMID: 29676064 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and immediate diagnosis of malaria is important for medication of the infectious disease. Conventional methods for diagnosing malaria are time consuming and rely on the skill of experts. Therefore, an automatic and simple diagnostic modality is essential for healthcare in developing countries that lack the expertise of trained microscopists. In the present study, a new automatic sensing method using digital in-line holographic microscopy (DIHM) combined with machine learning algorithms was proposed to sensitively detect unstained malaria-infected red blood cells (iRBCs). To identify the RBC characteristics, 13 descriptors were extracted from segmented holograms of individual RBCs. Among the 13 descriptors, 10 features were highly statistically different between healthy RBCs (hRBCs) and iRBCs. Six machine learning algorithms were applied to effectively combine the dominant features and to greatly improve the diagnostic capacity of the present method. Among the classification models trained by the 6 tested algorithms, the model trained by the support vector machine (SVM) showed the best accuracy in separating hRBCs and iRBCs for training (n = 280, 96.78%) and testing sets (n = 120, 97.50%). This DIHM-based artificial intelligence methodology is simple and does not require blood staining. Thus, it will be beneficial and valuable in the diagnosis of malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taesik Go
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun H Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Byeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang J Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Alade IO, Bagudu A, Oyehan TA, Rahman MAA, Saleh TA, Olatunji SO. Estimating the refractive index of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin using genetic algorithm - support vector regression model. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 163:135-142. [PMID: 30119848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The refractive index of hemoglobin plays important role in hematology due to its strong correlation with the pathophysiology of different diseases. Measurement of the real part of the refractive index remains a challenge due to strong absorption of the hemoglobin especially at relevant high physiological concentrations. So far, only a few studies on direct measurement of refractive index have been reported and there are no firm agreements on the reported values of refractive index of hemoglobin due to measurement artifacts. In addition, it is time consuming, laborious and expensive to perform several experiments to obtain the refractive index of hemoglobin. In this work, we proposed a very rapid and accurate computational intelligent approach using Genetic Algorithm/Support Vector Regression models to estimate the real part of the refractive index for oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin samples. METHODS These models utilized experimental data of wavelengths and hemoglobin concentrations in building highly accurate Genetic Algorithm/Support Vector Regression model (GA-SVR). RESULTS The developed methodology showed high accuracy as indicated by the low root mean square error values of 4.65 × 10-4 and 4.62 × 10-4 for oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, respectively. In addition, the models exhibited 99.85 and 99.84% correlation coefficients (r) for the oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, thus, validating the strong agreement between the predicted and the experimental results CONCLUSIONS: Due to the accuracy and relative simplicity of the proposed models, we envisage that these models would serve as important references for future studies on optical properties of blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Olanrewaju Alade
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia; College of Industrial Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliyu Bagudu
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tajudeen A Oyehan
- Geosciences Department, College of Petroleum & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tawfik A Saleh
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
120
|
Li H, Papageorgiou DP, Chang HY, Lu L, Yang J, Deng Y. Synergistic Integration of Laboratory and Numerical Approaches in Studies of the Biomechanics of Diseased Red Blood Cells. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E76. [PMID: 30103419 PMCID: PMC6164935 DOI: 10.3390/bios8030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In red blood cell (RBC) disorders, such as sickle cell disease, hereditary spherocytosis, and diabetes, alterations to the size and shape of RBCs due to either mutations of RBC proteins or changes to the extracellular environment, lead to compromised cell deformability, impaired cell stability, and increased propensity to aggregate. Numerous laboratory approaches have been implemented to elucidate the pathogenesis of RBC disorders. Concurrently, computational RBC models have been developed to simulate the dynamics of RBCs under physiological and pathological conditions. In this work, we review recent laboratory and computational studies of disordered RBCs. Distinguished from previous reviews, we emphasize how experimental techniques and computational modeling can be synergically integrated to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of hematological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Dimitrios P Papageorgiou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Hung-Yu Chang
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Lu Lu
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Yixiang Deng
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Hu C, Zhu S, Gao L, Popescu G. Endoscopic diffraction phase microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:3373-3376. [PMID: 30004509 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we present, to our knowledge, the first endoscopic diffraction phase microscopy (eDPM) system. This instrument consists of a gradient-index-lens-based endoscope probe followed by a DPM module, which enables single-shot phase imaging at a single-cell-level resolution. Using the phase information provided by eDPM, we show that the geometric aberrations associated with the endoscope can be reduced by digitally applying a spectral phase filter to the raw data. The filter function is a linear combination of polynomials with weighting optimized to improve resolution. We validate the principle of the proposed method using reflective semiconductor samples and blood cells. This research extends the current scope of quantitative phase imaging applications, and proves its potential for future in vivo studies.
Collapse
|
122
|
Kim G, Lee M, Youn S, Lee E, Kwon D, Shin J, Lee S, Lee YS, Park Y. Measurements of three-dimensional refractive index tomography and membrane deformability of live erythrocytes from Pelophylax nigromaculatus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9192. [PMID: 29907826 PMCID: PMC6003953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike mammalian erythrocytes, amphibian erythrocytes have distinct morphological features including large cell sizes and the presence of nuclei. The sizes of the cytoplasm and nuclei of erythrocytes vary significantly over different species, their environments, or pathophysiology, which makes hematological studies important for investigating amphibian species. Here, we present a label-free three-dimensional optical quantification of individual amphibian erythrocytes from frogs Pelophylax nigromaculatus (Rana nigromaculata). Using optical diffraction tomography, we measured three-dimensional refractive index (RI) tomograms of the cells, which clearly distinguished the cytoplasm and nuclei of the erythrocytes. From the measured RI tomograms, we extracted the relevant biochemical parameters of the cells, including hemoglobin contents and hemoglobin concentrations. Furthermore, we measured dynamic membrane fluctuations and investigated the mechanical properties of the cell membrane. From the statistical and correlative analysis of these retrieved parameters, we investigated interspecific differences between frogs and previously studied mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geon Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moosung Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - SeongYeon Youn
- Daejeon Science High School for the Gifted, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - EuiTae Lee
- Daejeon Science High School for the Gifted, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeheon Kwon
- Daejeon Science High School for the Gifted, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghun Shin
- Daejeon Science High School for the Gifted, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - SangYun Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Sil Lee
- Daejeon Science High School for the Gifted, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Tomocube, Inc., Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Ugele M, Weniger M, Leidenberger M, Huang Y, Bassler M, Friedrich O, Kappes B, Hayden O, Richter L. Label-free, high-throughput detection of P. falciparum infection in sphered erythrocytes with digital holographic microscopy. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1704-1712. [PMID: 29796511 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00350e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Effective malaria treatment requires rapid and accurate diagnosis of infecting species and actual parasitemia. Despite the recent success of rapid tests, the analysis of thick and thin blood smears remains the gold standard for routine malaria diagnosis in endemic areas. For non-endemic regions, sample preparation and analysis of blood smears are an issue due to low microscopy expertise and few cases of imported malaria. Automation of microscopy results could be beneficial to quickly confirm suspected infections in such conditions. Here, we present a label-free, high-throughput method for early malaria detection with the potential to reduce inter-observer variation by reducing sample preparation and analysis effort. We used differential digital holographic microscopy in combination with two-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing for the label-free detection of P. falciparum infection in sphered erythrocytes, with a parasitemia detection limit of 0.01%. Moreover, the achieved differentiation of P. falciparum ring-, trophozoite- and schizont life cycle stages in synchronized cultures demonstrates the potential for future discrimination of even malaria species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ugele
- In-Vitro DX & Bioscience, Department of Strategy and Innovation, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
124
|
Majeed H, Nguyen TH, Kandel ME, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Popescu G. Label-free quantitative evaluation of breast tissue using Spatial Light Interference Microscopy (SLIM). Sci Rep 2018; 8:6875. [PMID: 29720678 PMCID: PMC5932029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide. The standard histopathology of breast tissue, the primary means of disease diagnosis, involves manual microscopic examination of stained tissue by a pathologist. Because this method relies on qualitative information, it can result in inter-observer variation. Furthermore, for difficult cases the pathologist often needs additional markers of malignancy to help in making a diagnosis, a need that can potentially be met by novel microscopy methods. We present a quantitative method for label-free breast tissue evaluation using Spatial Light Interference Microscopy (SLIM). By extracting tissue markers of malignancy based on the nanostructure revealed by the optical path-length, our method provides an objective, label-free and potentially automatable method for breast histopathology. We demonstrated our method by imaging a tissue microarray consisting of 68 different subjects −34 with malignant and 34 with benign tissues. Three-fold cross validation results showed a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 85% for detecting cancer. Our disease signatures represent intrinsic physical attributes of the sample, independent of staining quality, facilitating classification through machine learning packages since our images do not vary from scan to scan or instrument to instrument.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassaan Majeed
- Quantitative Light Imaging (QLI) Lab, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 405 N Matthews, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tan Huu Nguyen
- Quantitative Light Imaging (QLI) Lab, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 405 N Matthews, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mikhail Eugene Kandel
- Quantitative Light Imaging (QLI) Lab, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 405 N Matthews, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, Suite 130 CSN, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Quantitative Light Imaging (QLI) Lab, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 405 N Matthews, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Ragavan K, Kumar S, Swaraj S, Neethirajan S. Advances in biosensors and optical assays for diagnosis and detection of malaria. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 105:188-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
126
|
Optical fiber tips for biological applications: From light confinement, biosensing to bioparticles manipulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1209-1246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
127
|
Managò S, Zito G, Rogato A, Casalino M, Esposito E, De Luca AC, De Tommasi E. Bioderived Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Nanostructures as Efficient Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates for Cell Membrane Probing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:12406-12416. [PMID: 29569901 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose the use of complex, bioderived nanostructures as efficient surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for chemical analysis of cellular membranes. These structures were directly obtained from a suitable gold metalization of the Pseudonitzchia multistriata diatom silica shell (the so called frustule), whose grating-like geometry provides large light coupling with external radiation, whereas its extruded, subwavelength lateral edge provides an excellent interaction with cells without steric hindrance. We carried out numerical simulations and experimental characterizations of the supported plasmonic resonances and optical near-field amplification. We thoroughly evaluated the SERS substrate enhancement factor as a function of the metalization parameters and finally applied the nanostrucures for discriminating cell membrane Raman signals. In particular, we considered two cases where the membrane composition plays a fundamental role in the assessment of several pathologies, that is, red blood cells and B-leukemia REH cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandra Rogato
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology , Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn , Naples 80121 , Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
128
|
Müller P, Schürmann M, Girardo S, Cojoc G, Guck J. Accurate evaluation of size and refractive index for spherical objects in quantitative phase imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:10729-10743. [PMID: 29716005 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.010729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the average refractive index (RI) of spherical objects, such as suspended cells, in quantitative phase imaging (QPI) requires a decoupling of RI and size from the QPI data. This has been commonly achieved by determining the object's radius with geometrical approaches, neglecting light-scattering. Here, we present a novel QPI fitting algorithm that reliably uncouples the RI using Mie theory and a semi-analytical, corrected Rytov approach. We assess the range of validity of this algorithm in silico and experimentally investigate various objects (oil and protein droplets, microgel beads, cells) and noise conditions. In addition, we provide important practical cues for the analysis of spherical objects in QPI.
Collapse
|
129
|
Integrated dual-tomography for refractive index analysis of free-floating single living cell with isotropic superresolution. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5943. [PMID: 29654324 PMCID: PMC5899089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24408-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital holographic microtomography is a promising technique for three-dimensional (3D) measurement of the refractive index (RI) profiles of biological specimens. Measurement of the RI distribution of a free-floating single living cell with an isotropic superresolution had not previously been accomplished. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on the development of an integrated dual-tomographic (IDT) imaging system for RI measurement of an unlabelled free-floating single living cell with an isotropic superresolution by combining the spatial frequencies of full-angle specimen rotation with those of beam rotation. A novel ‘UFO’ (unidentified flying object) like shaped coherent transfer function is obtained. The IDT imaging system does not require any complex image-processing algorithm for 3D reconstruction. The working principle was successfully demonstrated and a 3D RI profile of a single living cell, Candida rugosa, was obtained with an isotropic superresolution. This technology is expected to set a benchmark for free-floating single live sample measurements without labeling or any special sample preparations for the experiments.
Collapse
|
130
|
Go T, Byeon H, Lee SJ. Label-free sensor for automatic identification of erythrocytes using digital in-line holographic microscopy and machine learning. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 103:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
131
|
Takabayashi M, Majeed H, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Popescu G. Disorder strength measured by quantitative phase imaging as intrinsic cancer marker in fixed tissue biopsies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194320. [PMID: 29561905 PMCID: PMC5862460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue refractive index provides important information about morphology at the nanoscale. Since the malignant transformation involves both intra- and inter-cellular changes in the refractive index map, the tissue disorder measurement can be used to extract important diagnosis information. Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) provides a practical means of extracting this information as it maps the optical path-length difference (OPD) across a tissue sample with sub-wavelength sensitivity. In this work, we employ QPI to compare the tissue disorder strength between benign and malignant breast tissue histology samples. Our results show that disease progression is marked by a significant increase in the disorder strength. Since our imaging system can be added as an upgrading module to an existing microscope, we anticipate that it can be integrated easily in the pathology work flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Takabayashi
- Department of Systems Design and Informatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hassaan Majeed
- Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Yu H, Yang Y, Yang Y, Zhang F, Wang S, Tao N. Tracking fast cellular membrane dynamics with sub-nm accuracy in the normal direction. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:5133-5139. [PMID: 29488990 PMCID: PMC5854544 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09483c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cellular membranes are important biomaterials with highly dynamic structures. Membrane dynamics plays an important role in numerous cellular processes, but precise tracking it is challenging due to the lack of tools with a highly sensitive and fast detection capability. Here we demonstrate a broad bandwidth optical imaging technique to measure cellular membrane displacements in the normal direction at sub-nm level detection limits and 20 μs temporal resolution (1 Hz-50 kHz). This capability allows us to study the intrinsic cellular membrane dynamics over a broad temporal and spatial spectrum. We measured the nanometer-scale stochastic fluctuations of the plasma membrane of HEK-293 cells, and found them to be highly dependent on the cytoskeletal structure of the cells. By analyzing the fluctuations, we further determine the mechanical properties of the cellular membranes. We anticipate that the method will contribute to the understanding of the basic cellular processes, and applications, such as mechanical phenotyping of cells at the single-cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yunze Yang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Fenni Zhang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
|
134
|
Merola F, Memmolo P, Miccio L, Mugnano M, Ferraro P. Phase contrast tomography at lab on chip scale by digital holography. Methods 2018; 136:108-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
135
|
Hosseini P, Jin D, Yaqoob Z, So PTC. Single-shot dual-wavelength interferometric microscopy. Methods 2018; 136:35-39. [PMID: 29079485 PMCID: PMC5857408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferometric microscopy (IM) can provide complex field information of the biological samples with high spatial and temporal resolution with virtually no photodamage. Measuring wavelength-dependent information in particular has a wide range of applications from cell and tissue refractometry to the cellular biophysical measurements. IM measurements at multiple wavelengths are typically associated with a loss in temporal resolution, field of view, stability, sensitivity, and may involve using expensive equipment such as tunable filters or spatial light modulators. Here, we present a novel and simple design for an interferometric microscope that provides single-shot off-axis interferometric measurements at two wavelengths by encoding the two spectral images at two orthogonal spatial frequencies that allows clean separation of information in the Fourier space with no resolution loss. We demonstrated accurate simultaneous quantification of polystyrene bead refractive indices at two wavelengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poorya Hosseini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - Di Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Zahid Yaqoob
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Peter T C So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Lee W, Choi JH, Ryu S, Jung D, Song J, Lee JS, Joo C. Color-coded LED microscopy for quantitative phase imaging: Implementation and application to sperm motility analysis. Methods 2018; 136:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
137
|
Paiva JS, Ribeiro RSR, Cunha JPS, Rosa CC, Jorge PAS. Single Particle Differentiation through 2D Optical Fiber Trapping and Back-Scattered Signal Statistical Analysis: An Exploratory Approach. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18030710. [PMID: 29495502 PMCID: PMC5876792 DOI: 10.3390/s18030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent trends on microbiology point out the urge to develop optical micro-tools with multifunctionalities such as simultaneous manipulation and sensing. Considering that miniaturization has been recognized as one of the most important paradigms of emerging sensing biotechnologies, optical fiber tools, including Optical Fiber Tweezers (OFTs), are suitable candidates for developing multifunctional small sensors for Medicine and Biology. OFTs are flexible and versatile optotools based on fibers with one extremity patterned to form a micro-lens. These are able to focus laser beams and exert forces onto microparticles strong enough (piconewtons) to trap and manipulate them. In this paper, through an exploratory analysis of a 45 features set, including time and frequency-domain parameters of the back-scattered signal of particles trapped by a polymeric lens, we created a novel single feature able to differentiate synthetic particles (PMMA and Polystyrene) from living yeasts cells. This single statistical feature can be useful for the development of label-free hybrid optical fiber sensors with applications in infectious diseases detection or cells sorting. It can also contribute, by revealing the most significant information that can be extracted from the scattered signal, to the development of a simpler method for particles characterization (in terms of composition, heterogeneity degree) than existent technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Paiva
- INESC TEC-INESC Technology and Science, 4200 Porto, Portugal.
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - João P S Cunha
- INESC TEC-INESC Technology and Science, 4200 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla C Rosa
- INESC TEC-INESC Technology and Science, 4200 Porto, Portugal.
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Pedro A S Jorge
- INESC TEC-INESC Technology and Science, 4200 Porto, Portugal.
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Park JS, Lee IB, Moon HM, Joo JH, Kim KH, Hong SC, Cho M. Label-free and live cell imaging by interferometric scattering microscopy. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2690-2697. [PMID: 29732052 PMCID: PMC5914294 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04733a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent remarkable advances in microscopic techniques, it still remains very challenging to directly observe the complex structure of cytoplasmic organelles in live cells without a fluorescent label.
Despite recent remarkable advances in microscopic techniques, it still remains very challenging to directly observe the complex structure of cytoplasmic organelles in live cells without a fluorescent label. Here we report label-free and live-cell imaging of mammalian cell, Escherischia coli, and yeast, using interferometric scattering microscopy, which reveals the underlying structures of a variety of cytoplasmic organelles as well as the underside structure of the cells. The contact areas of the cells attached onto a glass substrate, e.g., focal adhesions and filopodia, are clearly discernible. We also found a variety of fringe-like features in the cytoplasmic area, which may reflect the folded structures of cytoplasmic organelles. We thus anticipate that the label-free interferometric scattering microscopy can be used as a powerful tool to shed interferometric light on in vivo structures and dynamics of various intracellular phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Park
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | - Il-Buem Lee
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 02841 , Korea.,Department of Physics , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea .
| | - Hyeon-Min Moon
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 02841 , Korea.,Department of Physics , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea .
| | - Jong-Hyeon Joo
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 02841 , Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea .
| | - Kyoung-Hoon Kim
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 02841 , Korea.,Department of Physics , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea .
| | - Seok-Cheol Hong
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 02841 , Korea.,Department of Physics , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea .
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 02841 , Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea .
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Jin D, Zhou R, Yaqoob Z, So PTC. Tomographic phase microscopy: principles and applications in bioimaging [Invited]. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. B, OPTICAL PHYSICS 2018; 34:B64-B77. [PMID: 29386746 PMCID: PMC5788179 DOI: 10.1364/josab.34.000b64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tomographic phase microscopy (TPM) is an emerging optical microscopic technique for bioimaging. TPM uses digital holographic measurements of complex scattered fields to reconstruct three-dimensional refractive index (RI) maps of cells with diffraction-limited resolution by solving inverse scattering problems. In this paper, we review the developments of TPM from the fundamental physics to its applications in bioimaging. We first provide a comprehensive description of the tomographic reconstruction physical models used in TPM. The RI map reconstruction algorithms and various regularization methods are discussed. Selected TPM applications for cellular imaging, particularly in hematology, are reviewed. Finally, we examine the limitations of current TPM systems, propose future solutions, and envision promising directions in biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Renjie Zhou
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Zahid Yaqoob
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Peter T. C. So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Xiu P, Liu Q, Zhou X, Xu Y, Kuang C, Liu X. Analogous on-axis interference topographic phase microscopy (AOITPM). J Microsc 2018; 270:235-243. [PMID: 29323732 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The refractive index (RI) of a sample as an endogenous contrast agent plays an important role in transparent live cell imaging. In tomographic phase microscopy (TPM), 3D quantitative RI maps can be reconstructed based on the measured projections of the RI in multiple directions. The resolution of the RI maps not only depends on the numerical aperture of the employed objective lens, but also is determined by the accuracy of the quantitative phase of the sample measured at multiple scanning illumination angles. This paper reports an analogous on-axis interference TPM, where the interference angle between the sample and reference beams is kept constant for projections in multiple directions to improve the accuracy of the phase maps and the resolution of RI tomograms. The system has been validated with both silica beads and red blood cells. Compared with conventional TPM, the proposed system acquires quantitative RI maps with higher resolution (420 nm @λ = 633 nm) and signal-to-noise ratio that can be beneficial for live cell imaging in biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Q Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - X Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Y Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - C Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - X Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Jin D, Zhou R, Yaqoob Z, So PTC. Dynamic spatial filtering using a digital micromirror device for high-speed optical diffraction tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:428-437. [PMID: 29328319 PMCID: PMC5901071 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is an emerging microscopy technique for three-dimensional (3D) refractive index (RI) mapping of transparent specimens. Recently, the digital micromirror device (DMD) based scheme for angle-controlled plane wave illumination has been proposed to improve the imaging speed and stability of ODT. However, undesired diffraction noise always exists in the reported DMD-based illumination scheme, which leads to a limited contrast ratio of the measurement fringe and hence inaccurate RI mapping. Here we present a novel spatial filtering method, based on a second DMD, to dynamically remove the diffraction noise. The reported results illustrate significantly enhanced image quality of the obtained interferograms and the subsequently derived phase maps. And moreover, with this method, we demonstrate mapping of 3D RI distribution of polystyrene beads as well as biological cells with high accuracy. Importantly, with the proper hardware configuration, our method does not compromise the 3D imaging speed advantage promised by the DMD-based illumination scheme. Specifically, we have been able to successfully obtain interferograms at over 1 kHz speed, which is critical for potential high-throughput label-free 3D image cytometry applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Jin
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Renjie Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Zahid Yaqoob
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Peter T. C. So
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Yang X, Chen Z, Miao J, Cui L, Guan W. High-throughput and label-free parasitemia quantification and stage differentiation for malaria-infected red blood cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 98:408-414. [PMID: 28711027 PMCID: PMC5558593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a high throughput and label-free microfluidic cell deformability sensor for quantitative parasitemia measurement and stage determination for Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (Pf-iRBCs). The sensor relies on differentiating the RBC deformability (a mechanical biomarker) that is highly correlated with the infection status. The cell deformability is measured by evaluating the transit time when each individual RBC squeezes through a microscale constriction (cross-section ~5µm×5µm). More than 30,000 RBCs can be analyzed for parasitemia quantification in under 1min with a throughput ~500 cells/s. Moreover, the device can also differentiate various malaria stages (ring, trophozoite, and schizont stage) due to their varied deformability. Using Pf-iRBCs at 0.1% parasitemia as a testing sample, the microfluidic deformability sensor achieved an excellent sensitivity (94.29%), specificity (86.67%) and accuracy (92.00%) in a blind test, comparable to the gold standard of the blood smear microscopy. As a supplement technology to the microscopy and flow cytometry, the microfluidic deformability sensor would possibly allow for label-free, rapid and cost-effective parasitemia quantification and stage determination for malaria in remote regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA; School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zhuofa Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Steelman ZA, Eldridge WJ, Weintraub JB, Wax A. Is the nuclear refractive index lower than cytoplasm? Validation of phase measurements and implications for light scattering technologies. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1714-1722. [PMID: 28418104 PMCID: PMC5647217 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The refractive index (RI) of biological materials is a fundamental parameter for the optical characterization of living systems. Numerous light scattering technologies are grounded in a quantitative knowledge of the refractive index at cellular and subcellular scales. Recent work in quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) has called into question the widely held assumption that the index of the cell nucleus is greater than that of the cytoplasm, a result which disagrees with much of the current literature. In this work, we critically examine the measurement of the nuclear and whole-cell refractive index using QPM, validating that nuclear refractive index is lower than that of cytoplasm in four diverse cell lines and their corresponding isolated nuclei. We further examine Mie scattering and phase-wrapping as potential sources of error in these measurements, finding they have minimal impact. Finally, we use simulation to examine the effects of incorrect RI assumptions on nuclear morphology measurements using angle-resolved scattering information. Despite an erroneous assumption of the nuclear refractive index, accurate measurement of nuclear morphology was maintained, suggesting that light scattering modalities remain effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Steelman
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708. USA
| | - Will J. Eldridge
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708. USA
| | - Jacob B. Weintraub
- Cornell University, Department of Physics, 109 Clark Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14853. USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708. USA
- Corresponding Author:
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Chowdhury S, Eldridge WJ, Wax A, Izatt JA. Structured illumination microscopy for dual-modality 3D sub-diffraction resolution fluorescence and refractive-index reconstruction. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:5776-5793. [PMID: 29296504 PMCID: PMC5745119 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Though structured illumination (SI) microscopy is a popular imaging technique conventionally associated with fluorescent super-resolution, recent works have suggested its applicability towards sub-diffraction resolution coherent imaging with quantitative endogenous biological contrast. Here, we demonstrate that SI can efficiently integrate together the principles of fluorescent super-resolution and coherent synthetic aperture to achieve 3D dual-modality sub-diffraction resolution, fluorescence and refractive-index (RI) visualizations of biological samples. We experimentally demonstrate this framework by introducing a SI microscope capable of 3D sub-diffraction resolution fluorescence and RI imaging, and verify its biological visualization capabilities by experimentally reconstructing 3D RI/fluorescence visualizations of fluorescent calibration microspheres as well as alveolar basal epithelial adenocarcinoma (A549) and human colorectal adenocarcinmoa (HT-29) cells, fluorescently stained for F-actin. This demonstration may suggest SI as an especially promising imaging technique to enable future biological studies that explore synergistically operating biophysical/biochemical and molecular mechanisms at sub-diffraction resolutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shwetadwip Chowdhury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, 1427 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Drive Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Will J. Eldridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, 1427 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Drive Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, 1427 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Drive Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Joseph A. Izatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, 1427 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Drive Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Li X, Li H, Chang HY, Lykotrafitis G, Em Karniadakis G. Computational Biomechanics of Human Red Blood Cells in Hematological Disorders. J Biomech Eng 2017; 139:2580906. [PMID: 27814430 DOI: 10.1115/1.4035120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We review recent advances in multiscale modeling of the biomechanical characteristics of red blood cells (RBCs) in hematological diseases, and their relevance to the structure and dynamics of defective RBCs. We highlight examples of successful simulations of blood disorders including malaria and other hereditary disorders, such as sickle-cell anemia, spherocytosis, and elliptocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejin Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 e-mail:
| | - He Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Hung-Yu Chang
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - George Lykotrafitis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269;Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - George Em Karniadakis
- Fellow ASME Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Das T, Bhattacharya K. Refractive index profilometry using the total internally reflected light field. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:9241-9246. [PMID: 29216096 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.009241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A full-field polarization-based technique is presented for quantitative evaluation of the spatial distribution of the refractive index in macro and micro samples. The sample is mounted on a glass-air interface of a prism, illuminated by a linearly polarized collimated light beam, and two intensity frames are digitally recorded with specific orientations of an analyzer. The pair of intensity data frames captured with this simple setup is combined through an algorithm specially developed for the purpose, to yield the phase difference between the transverse electric and transverse magnetic components of the total internally reflected light field. The phase difference is then related to the refractive index of the sample. Experimental results for refractive index variations in a laser-etched glass plate and red blood corpuscles are presented. One of the salient features of the proposed technique is that the depth of measurement is dependent on the penetration depth of the sample's evanescent field, which is typically of the order of a few hundred nanometers, thereby facilitating refractive index measurements along a thin section of the sample.
Collapse
|
147
|
Hu C, Popescu G. Physical significance of backscattering phase measurements. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:4643-4646. [PMID: 29140332 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.004643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging of transparent objects in transmission allows for a direct interpretation of the results: the phase shift measured is linear in the refractive index contrast and object thickness. However, the same measurement in a backscattering geometry yields fundamentally different results, because the incident field component is absent from the detected field. As a result, the relationship between the measured phase and object properties is obscure. We derived analytical expressions for the propagating fields under the first-order Born approximation and studied the interpretation of the measured phase shifts in backscattering versus transmission geometries. Our analysis shows that the backscattering phase shift is the result of the plane wave superposition originating at various depths in the object, which makes it impossible to infer quantitative morphology or topography information of 3D transparent samples from a reflection phase image alone.
Collapse
|
148
|
Lee M, Shin S, Park Y. Reconstructions of refractive index tomograms via a discrete algebraic reconstruction technique. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:27415-27430. [PMID: 29092215 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.027415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) provides three-dimensional refractive index (RI) tomograms of a transparent microscopic object. However, because of the finite numerical aperture of objective lenses, ODT has a limited access to diffracted light and suffers from poor spatial resolution, particularly along the axial direction. To overcome the limitation of the quality of RI tomography, we present an algorithm that accurately reconstructs RI tomography of a specimen with discrete and uniform RI, using prior information about the RI levels. Through simulations and experiments on various samples, including microspheres, red blood cells, and water droplets, we show that the proposed method can precisely reconstruct RI tomograms of samples which have discrete and homogenous RI distributions in the presence of the missing information and noise.
Collapse
|
149
|
Calin VL, Mihailescu M, Scarlat EI, Baluta AV, Calin D, Kovacs E, Savopol T, Moisescu MG. Evaluation of the metastatic potential of malignant cells by image processing of digital holographic microscopy data. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1527-1538. [PMID: 28979841 PMCID: PMC5623698 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell refractive index has been proposed as a putative cancer biomarker of great potential, being correlated with cell content and morphology, cell division rate and membrane permeability. We used digital holographic microscopy to compare the refractive index and dry mass density of two B16 murine melanoma sublines of different metastatic potential. Using statistical methods, the distribution of phase shifts within the reconstructed quantitative phase images was analyzed by the method of bimodality coefficients. The observed correlation of refractive index, dry mass density and bimodality profile with the metastatic potential of the cells was validated by real time impedance-based assay and clonogenic tests. We suggest that the refractive index and bimodality analysis of quantitative phase image histograms could be developed as optical biomarkers useful in label-free detection and quantitative evaluation of cell metastatic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta L. Calin
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
| | - Mona Mihailescu
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Applied SciencesPolitehnica University of BucharestRomania
| | - Eugen I. Scarlat
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Applied SciencesPolitehnica University of BucharestRomania
| | - Alexandra V. Baluta
- Applied Electronics and Informatics Engineering DepartmentFaculty of ElectronicsTelecommunications and Information TechnologyPolitehnica University of BucharestRomania
| | - Daniel Calin
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
| | - Eugenia Kovacs
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
| | - Tudor Savopol
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
| | - Mihaela G. Moisescu
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Hur J, Kim K, Lee S, Park H, Park Y. Melittin-induced alterations in morphology and deformability of human red blood cells using quantitative phase imaging techniques. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9306. [PMID: 28839153 PMCID: PMC5571175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, the actions of melittin, the active molecule of apitoxin or bee venom, were investigated on human red blood cells (RBCs) using quantitative phase imaging techniques. High-resolution real-time 3-D refractive index (RI) measurements and dynamic 2-D phase images of individual melittin-bound RBCs enabled in-depth examination of melittin-induced biophysical alterations of the cells. From the measurements, morphological, intracellular, and mechanical alterations of the RBCs were analyzed quantitatively. Furthermore, leakage of haemoglobin (Hb) inside the RBCs at high melittin concentration was also investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joonseok Hur
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - SangYun Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - HyunJoo Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea. .,Tomocube Inc., Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|