101
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Tian M, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Xie G, Qin M. Global Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Differentially Expressed Genes of Six Organs and Putative Genes Involved in (Iso)flavonoid Biosynthesis in Belamcanda chinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1160. [PMID: 30154811 PMCID: PMC6102373 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC., a perennial herb of the family Iridaceae, is rich in a variety of (iso)flavonoids with significant organ-specific distribution and has a swollen rhizome that is widely used in East Asia as a traditional medicine. In the present study, comprehensive transcriptomes of six organs (root, rhizome, aerial stem, leaf, flower, and young fruit) of B. chinensis were obtained by high-throughput RNA-sequencing and de novo assembly. A total of 423,661 unigenes (mean length = 618 bp, median length = 391 bp) were assembled and annotated in seven databases: Non-redundant protein sequences, Nucleotide sequences, Swiss-Prot, Protein family database, euKaryotic Ortholog Groups, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Ontology (GO). A total of 4995 transcription factors were identified, including 408 MYB, 182 bHLH, 277 AP2/ERF, and 228 WRKY genes. A total of 129 cytochrome P450 unigenes belonging to 10 divergent clans were identified and grouped into clades in a phylogenetic tree that showed their inferred evolutionary relationship. Differentially expressed unigenes among the six organs were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis to profile the functions of each organ. Unigenes associated with (iso)flavonoid biosynthesis were then profiled by expression level analysis. Additionally, the complete coding sequences of six predicted enzymes essential to the (iso)flavonoid pathway were obtained, based on the annotated unigenes. This work reveals clear differences in expression patterns of genes among the six organs and will provide a sound platform to understand the (iso)flavonoid pathways in B. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tian
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicines (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicines (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicines (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoyong Xie
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicines (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjian Qin
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicines (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Minjian Qin,
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102
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Smirnova E, Marquis V, Poirier L, Aubert Y, Zumsteg J, Ménard R, Miesch L, Heitz T. Jasmonic Acid Oxidase 2 Hydroxylates Jasmonic Acid and Represses Basal Defense and Resistance Responses against Botrytis cinerea Infection. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1159-1173. [PMID: 28760569 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) orchestrate immune responses upon wound/herbivore injury or infection by necrotrophic pathogens. Elucidation of catabolic routes has revealed new complexity in jasmonate metabolism. Two integrated pathways attenuate signaling by turning over the active hormone jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) through ω-oxidation or deconjugation, and define an indirect route forming the derivative 12OH-JA. Here, we provide evidence for a second 12OH-JA formation pathway by direct jasmonic acid (JA) oxidation. Three jasmonic acid oxidases (JAOs) of the 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase family catalyze specific oxidation of JA to 12OH-JA, and their genes are induced by wounding or infection by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. JAO2 exhibits the highest basal expression, and its deficiency in jao2 mutants strongly enhanced antifungal resistance. The resistance phenotype resulted from constitutive expression of antimicrobial markers rather than from their higher induction in infected jao2 plants and could be reversed by ectopic expression of any of the three JAOs in jao2. Elevated defense in jao2 was dependent on the activity of JASMONATE RESPONSE 1 (JAR1) and CORONATINE-INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) but was not correlated with enhanced JA-Ile accumulation. Instead, jao2 mutant lines displayed altered accumulation of several JA species in healthy and challenged plants, suggesting elevated metabolic flux through JA-Ile. Collectively, these data identify the missing enzymes hydroxylating JA and uncover an important metabolic diversion mechanism for repressing basal JA defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Smirnova
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Marquis
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laure Poirier
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yann Aubert
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Zumsteg
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rozenn Ménard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Miesch
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Heitz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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103
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Arabidopsis JASMONATE-INDUCED OXYGENASES down-regulate plant immunity by hydroxylation and inactivation of the hormone jasmonic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:6388-6393. [PMID: 28559313 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) is vital in plant defense and development. Although biosynthesis of JA and activation of JA-responsive gene expression by the bioactive form JA-isoleucine have been well-studied, knowledge on JA metabolism is incomplete. In particular, the enzyme that hydroxylates JA to 12-OH-JA, an inactive form of JA that accumulates after wounding and pathogen attack, is unknown. Here, we report the identification of four paralogous 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent oxygenases in Arabidopsis thaliana as JA hydroxylases and show that they down-regulate JA-dependent responses. Because they are induced by JA we named them JASMONATE-INDUCED OXYGENASES (JOXs). Concurrent mutation of the four genes in a quadruple Arabidopsis mutant resulted in increased defense gene expression and increased resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea and the caterpillar Mamestra brassicae In addition, root and shoot growth of the plants was inhibited. Metabolite analysis of leaves showed that loss of function of the four JOX enzymes resulted in overaccumulation of JA and in reduced turnover of JA into 12-OH-JA. Transformation of the quadruple mutant with each JOX gene strongly reduced JA levels, demonstrating that all four JOXs inactivate JA in plants. The in vitro catalysis of 12-OH-JA from JA by recombinant enzyme could be confirmed for three JOXs. The identification of the enzymes responsible for hydroxylation of JA reveals a missing step in JA metabolism, which is important for the inactivation of the hormone and subsequent down-regulation of JA-dependent defenses.
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104
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Li Q, Zheng J, Li S, Huang G, Skilling SJ, Wang L, Li L, Li M, Yuan L, Liu P. Transporter-Mediated Nuclear Entry of Jasmonoyl-Isoleucine Is Essential for Jasmonate Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:695-708. [PMID: 28179150 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To control gene expression by directly responding to hormone concentrations, both animal and plant cells have exploited comparable mechanisms to sense small-molecule hormones in nucleus. Whether nuclear entry of these hormones is actively transported or passively diffused, as conventionally postulated, through the nuclear pore complex, remains enigmatic. Here, we identified and characterized a jasmonate transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtJAT1/AtABCG16, which exhibits an unexpected dual localization at the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane. We show that AtJAT1/AtABCG16 controls the cytoplasmic and nuclear partition of jasmonate phytohormones by mediating both cellular efflux of jasmonic acid (JA) and nuclear influx of jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and is essential for maintaining a critical nuclear JA-Ile concentration to activate JA signaling. These results illustrate that transporter-mediated nuclear entry of small hormone molecules is a new mechanism to regulate nuclear hormone signaling. Our findings provide an avenue to develop pharmaceutical agents targeting the nuclear entry of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shuaizhang Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Guanrong Huang
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Stephen J Skilling
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Mengya Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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105
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Pratiwi P, Tanaka G, Takahashi T, Xie X, Yoneyama K, Matsuura H, Takahashi K. Identification of Jasmonic Acid and Jasmonoyl-Isoleucine, and Characterization of AOS, AOC, OPR and JAR1 in the Model Lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:789-801. [PMID: 28340155 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is involved in a variety of physiological responses in seed plants. However, the detection and role of JA in lycophytes, a group of seedless vascular plants, have remained elusive until recently. This study provides the first evidence of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), JA and jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) in the model lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii. Mechanical wounding stimulated the accumulation of OPDA, JA and JA-Ile. These data were corroborated by the detection of enzymatically active allene oxide synthase (AOS), allene oxide cyclase (AOC), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase 3 (OPR3) and JA-Ile synthase (JAR1) in S. moellendorffii. SmAOS2 is involved in the first committed step of JA biosynthesis. SmAOC1 is a crucial enzyme for generating the basic structure of jasmonates and is actively involved in the formation of OPDA. SmOPR5, a functionally active OPR3-like enzyme, is also vital for the reduction of (+)-cis-OPDA, the only isomer of the JA precursor. The conjugation of JA to Ile by SmJAR1 demonstrates that S. moellendorffii produces JA-Ile. Thus, the four active enzymes have characteristics similar to those in seed plants. Wounding and JA treatment induced the expression of SmAOC1 and SmOPR5. Furthermore, JA inhibited the growth of shoots in S. moellendorffii, which suggests that JA functions as a signaling molecule in S. moellendorffii. This study proposes that JA evolved as a plant hormone for stress adaptation, beginning with the emergence of vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Pratiwi
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Genta Tanaka
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Takahashi
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Xiaonan Xie
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Koichi Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kosaku Takahashi
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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106
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Simulated herbivory in chickpea causes rapid changes in defense pathways and hormonal transcription networks of JA/ethylene/GA/auxin within minutes of wounding. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44729. [PMID: 28300183 PMCID: PMC5353604 DOI: 10.1038/srep44729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickpea (C. arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop in Asian and African countries that suffers significant yield losses due to attacks by insects like H. armigera. To obtain insights into early responses of chickpea to insect attack, a transcriptomic analysis of chickpea leaves just 20 minutes after simulated herbivory was performed, using oral secretions of H. armigera coupled with mechanical wounding. Expression profiles revealed differential regulation of 8.4% of the total leaf transcriptome with 1334 genes up-regulated and 501 down-regulated upon wounding at log2-fold change (|FC| ≤ −1 and ≥1) and FDR value ≤ 0.05. In silico analysis showed the activation of defenses through up-regulation of genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway, pathogenesis, oxidases and CYTP450 besides differential regulation of kinases, phosphatases and transcription factors of the WRKY, MYB, ERFs, bZIP families. A substantial change in the regulation of hormonal networks was observed with up-regulation of JA and ethylene pathways and suppression of growth associated hormone pathways like GA and auxin within 20 minutes of wounding. Secondary qPCR comparison of selected genes showed that oral secretions often increased differential expression relative to mechanical damage alone. The studies provide new insights into early wound responses in chickpea.
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107
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Han GZ. Evolution of jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1323-1331. [PMID: 28007954 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates are phytohormones that modulate a wide spectrum of plant physiological processes, especially defense against herbivores and necrotrophs. The molecular mechanisms of jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling have been well characterized in model plants. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis and overview of the origin and evolution of the jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling pathways. Furthermore, we discuss the striking parallels between jasmonate and auxin signaling mechanisms, which reveals a common ancestry of these signaling mechanisms. Finally, we highlight the importance of studying jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling in lower plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Zhu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
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108
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Zhang L, Zhang F, Melotto M, Yao J, He SY. Jasmonate signaling and manipulation by pathogens and insects. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1371-1385. [PMID: 28069779 PMCID: PMC6075518 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants synthesize jasmonates (JAs) in response to developmental cues or environmental stresses, in order to coordinate plant growth, development or defense against pathogens and herbivores. Perception of pathogen or herbivore attack promotes synthesis of jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), which binds to the COI1-JAZ receptor, triggering the degradation of JAZ repressors and induction of transcriptional reprogramming associated with plant defense. Interestingly, some virulent pathogens have evolved various strategies to manipulate JA signaling to facilitate their exploitation of plant hosts. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the mechanism underlying the enigmatic switch between transcriptional repression and hormone-dependent transcriptional activation of JA signaling. We also discuss various strategies used by pathogens and insects to manipulate JA signaling and how interfering with this could be used as a novel means of disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Laboratory of Structural Sciences and Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Maeli Melotto
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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109
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Huang H, Liu B, Liu L, Song S. Jasmonate action in plant growth and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1349-1359. [PMID: 28158849 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones, including jasmonates (JAs), gibberellin, ethylene, abscisic acid, and auxin, integrate endogenous developmental cues with environmental signals to regulate plant growth, development, and defense. JAs are well- recognized lipid-derived stress hormones that regulate plant adaptations to biotic stresses, including herbivore attack and pathogen infection, as well as abiotic stresses, including wounding, ozone, and ultraviolet radiation. An increasing number of studies have shown that JAs also have functions in a remarkable number of plant developmental events, including primary root growth, reproductive development, and leaf senescence. Since the 1980s, details of the JA biosynthesis pathway, signaling pathway, and crosstalk during plant growth and development have been elucidated. Here, we summarize recent advances and give an updated overview of JA action and crosstalk in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Susheng Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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110
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Wasternack C, Song S. Jasmonates: biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling by proteins activating and repressing transcription. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1303-1321. [PMID: 27940470 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The lipid-derived phytohormone jasmonate (JA) regulates plant growth, development, secondary metabolism, defense against insect attack and pathogen infection, and tolerance to abiotic stresses such as wounding, UV light, salt, and drought. JA was first identified in 1962, and since the 1980s many studies have analyzed the physiological functions, biosynthesis, distribution, metabolism, perception, signaling, and crosstalk of JA, greatly expanding our knowledge of the hormone's action. In response to fluctuating environmental cues and transient endogenous signals, the occurrence of multilayered organization of biosynthesis and inactivation of JA, and activation and repression of the COI1-JAZ-based perception and signaling contributes to the fine-tuning of JA responses. This review describes the JA biosynthetic enzymes in terms of gene families, enzymatic activity, location and regulation, substrate specificity and products, the metabolic pathways in converting JA to activate or inactivate compounds, JA signaling in perception, and the co-existence of signaling activators and repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelu 11, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Susheng Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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111
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Ivamoto ST, Sakuray LM, Ferreira LP, Kitzberger CSG, Scholz MBS, Pot D, Leroy T, Vieira LGE, Domingues DS, Pereira LFP. Diterpenes biochemical profile and transcriptional analysis of cytochrome P450s genes in leaves, roots, flowers, and during Coffea arabica L. fruit development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 111:340-347. [PMID: 28002787 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are among the major chemical compounds present in coffee beans, and they affect the flavor and aroma of the coffee beverage. Coffee oil is rich in kaurene diterpene compounds, mainly cafestol (CAF) and kahweol (KAH), which are related to plant defense mechanisms and to nutraceutical and sensorial beverage characteristics. Despite their importance, the final steps of coffee diterpenes biosynthesis remain unknown. To understand the molecular basis of coffee diterpenes biosynthesis, we report the content dynamics of CAF and KAH in several Coffea arabica tissues and the transcriptional analysis of cytochrome P450 genes (P450). We measured CAF and KAH concentrations in leaves, roots, flower buds, flowers and fruit tissues at seven developmental stages (30-240 days after flowering - DAF) using HPLC. Higher CAF levels were detected in flower buds and flowers when compared to fruits. In contrast, KAH concentration increased along fruit development, peaking at 120 DAF. We did not detect CAF or KAH in leaves, and higher amounts of KAH than CAF were detected in roots. Using P450 candidate genes from a coffee EST database, we performed RT-qPCR transcriptional analysis of leaves, flowers and fruits at three developmental stages (90, 120 and 150 DAF). Three P450 genes (CaCYP76C4, CaCYP82C2 and CaCYP74A1) had transcriptional patterns similar to CAF concentration and two P450 genes (CaCYP71A25 and CaCYP701A3) have transcript accumulation similar to KAH concentration. These data warrant further investigation of these P450s as potential candidate genes involved in the final stages of the CAF and KAH biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana T Ivamoto
- Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, CP 481, CEP 86001-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), CP 6001, CEP 86051-980, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Sakuray
- Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, CP 481, CEP 86001-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), CP 6001, CEP 86051-980, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucia P Ferreira
- Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, CP 481, CEP 86001-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Cíntia S G Kitzberger
- Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Vegetal, CP 481, CEP 86001-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria B S Scholz
- Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Vegetal, CP 481, CEP 86001-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - David Pot
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique Pour le Développement, (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Leroy
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique Pour le Développement, (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Luiz G E Vieira
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572, CEP 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Douglas S Domingues
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, Avenida 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz F P Pereira
- Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, CP 481, CEP 86001-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA Café), CEP 70770-901, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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112
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Zavala-Gonzalez EA, Rodríguez-Cazorla E, Escudero N, Aranda-Martinez A, Martínez-Laborda A, Ramírez-Lepe M, Vera A, Lopez-Llorca LV. Arabidopsis thaliana root colonization by the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia is modulated by jasmonate signaling and leads to accelerated flowering and improved yield. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:351-364. [PMID: 27456071 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pochonia chlamydosporia has been intensively studied in nematode control of different crops. We have investigated the interaction between P. chlamydosporia and the model system Arabidopsis thaliana under laboratory conditions in the absence of nematodes. This study demonstrates that P. chlamydosporia colonizes A. thaliana. Root colonization monitored with green fluorescent protein-tagged P. chlamydosporia and quantitative PCR (qPCR) quantitation methods revealed root cell invasion. Fungal inoculation reduced flowering time and stimulated plant growth, as determined by total FW increase, faster development of inflorescences and siliques, and a higher yield in terms of seed production per plant. Precocious flowering was associated with significant expression changes in key flowering-time genes. In addition, we also provided molecular and genetic evidence that point towards jasmonate signaling as an important factor to modulate progression of plant colonization by the fungus. Our results indicate that P. chlamydosporia provides benefits to the plant in addition to its nematophagous activity. This report highlights the potential of P. chlamydosporia to improve yield in economically important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto A Zavala-Gonzalez
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES) 'Ramon Margalef', Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Aptdo. 99, Alicante, 03080, Spain
- Food Research and Development Unit (UNIDA), Laboratory of Genetics, Technological Institute of Veracruz, Veracruz, 91897, México
| | | | - Nuria Escudero
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES) 'Ramon Margalef', Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Aptdo. 99, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - Almudena Aranda-Martinez
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES) 'Ramon Margalef', Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Aptdo. 99, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | | | - Mario Ramírez-Lepe
- Food Research and Development Unit (UNIDA), Laboratory of Genetics, Technological Institute of Veracruz, Veracruz, 91897, México
| | - Antonio Vera
- Area de Genética, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Sant Joan, Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - Luis V Lopez-Llorca
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES) 'Ramon Margalef', Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Aptdo. 99, Alicante, 03080, Spain
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Eng F, Haroth S, Feussner K, Meldau D, Rekhter D, Ischebeck T, Brodhun F, Feussner I. Optimized Jasmonic Acid Production by Lasiodiplodia theobromae Reveals Formation of Valuable Plant Secondary Metabolites. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167627. [PMID: 27907207 PMCID: PMC5132241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonic acid is a plant hormone that can be produced by the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae via submerged fermentation. From a biotechnological perspective jasmonic acid is a valuable feedstock as its derivatives serve as important ingredients in different cosmetic products and in the future it may be used for pharmaceutical applications. The objective of this work was to improve the production of jasmonic acid by L. theobromae strain 2334. We observed that jasmonic acid formation is dependent on the culture volume. Moreover, cultures grown in medium containing potassium nitrate as nitrogen source produced higher amounts of jasmonic acid than analogous cultures supplemented with ammonium nitrate. When cultivated under optimal conditions for jasmonic acid production, L. theobromae secreted several secondary metabolites known from plants into the medium. Among those we found 3-oxo-2-(pent-2-enyl)-cyclopentane-1-butanoic acid (OPC-4) and hydroxy-jasmonic acid derivatives, respectively, suggesting that fungal jasmonate metabolism may involve similar reaction steps as that of plants. To characterize fungal growth and jasmonic acid-formation, we established a mathematical model describing both processes. This model may form the basis of industrial upscaling attempts. Importantly, it showed that jasmonic acid-formation is not associated to fungal growth. Therefore, this finding suggests that jasmonic acid, despite its enormous amount being produced upon fungal development, serves merely as secondary metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Eng
- Cuban Research Institute on Sugar Cane Byproducts, Vía Blanca & Carretera Central 804, San Miguel del Padrón, Havana, Cuba
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Haroth
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Meldau
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Rekhter
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Brodhun
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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114
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Bjelica A, Haggitt ML, Woolfson KN, Lee DPN, Makhzoum AB, Bernards MA. Fatty acid ω-hydroxylases from Solanum tuberosum. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:2435-2448. [PMID: 27565479 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Potato StCYP86A33 complements the Arabidopsis AtCYP86A1 mutant, horst - 1. Suberin is a cell-wall polymer that comprises both phenolic and aliphatic components found in specialized plant cells. Aliphatic suberin is characterized by bi-functional fatty acids, typically ω-hydroxy fatty acids and α,ω-dioic acids, which are linked via glycerol to form a three-dimensional polymer network. In potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), over 65 % of aliphatics are either ω-hydroxy fatty acids or α,ω-dioic acids. Since the biosynthesis of α,ω-dioic acids proceeds sequentially through ω-hydroxy fatty acids, the formation of ω-hydroxy fatty acids represents a significant metabolic commitment during suberin deposition. Four different plant cytochrome P450 subfamilies catalyze ω-hydroxylation, namely, 86A, 86B, 94A, and 704B; though to date, only a few members have been functionally characterized. In potato, CYP86A33 has been identified and implicated in suberin biosynthesis through reverse genetics (RNAi); however, attempts to express the CYP86A33 protein and characterize its catalytic function have been unsuccessful. Herein, we describe eight fatty acid ω-hydroxylase genes (three CYP86As, one CYP86B, three CYP94As, and a CYP704B) from potato and demonstrate their tissue expression. We also complement the Arabidopsis cyp86A1 mutant horst-1 using StCYP86A33 under the control of the Arabidopsis AtCYP86A1 promoter. Furthermore, we provide preliminary analysis of the StCYP86A33 promoter using a hairy root transformation system to monitor pStCYP86A33::GUS expression constructs. These data confirm the functional role of StCYP86A33 as a fatty acid ω-hydroxylase, and demonstrate the utility of hairy roots in the study of root-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica Bjelica
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Meghan L Haggitt
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kathlyn N Woolfson
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Daniel P N Lee
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Abdullah B Makhzoum
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Mark A Bernards
- Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Ishimaru Y, Oikawa T, Suzuki T, Takeishi S, Matsuura H, Takahashi K, Hamamoto S, Uozumi N, Shimizu T, Seo M, Ohta H, Ueda M. GTR1 is a jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 81:249-255. [PMID: 27760496 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1246174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Jasmonates are major plant hormones involved in wounding responses. Systemic wounding responses are induced by an electrical signal derived from damaged leaves. After the signaling, jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile) are translocated from wounded to undamaged leaves, but the molecular mechanism of the transport remains unclear. Here, we found that a JA-Ile transporter, GTR1, contributed to these translocations in Arabidopsis thaliana. GTR1 was expressed in and surrounding the leaf veins both of wounded and undamaged leaves. Less accumulations and translocation of JA and JA-Ile were observed in undamaged leaves of gtr1 at 30 min after wounding. Expressions of some genes related to wound responses were induced systemically in undamaged leaves of gtr1. These results suggested that GTR1 would be involved in the translocation of JA and JA-Ile in plant and may be contributed to correct positioning of JA and JA-Ile to attenuate an excessive wound response in undamaged leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takaya Oikawa
- a Department of Chemistry , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- a Department of Chemistry , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Syohei Takeishi
- b Research Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Applied Bioscience , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- b Research Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Applied Bioscience , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Kosaku Takahashi
- b Research Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Applied Bioscience , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Shin Hamamoto
- c Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- c Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimizu
- d RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- d RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- e Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- a Department of Chemistry , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
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116
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Hayward AP, Moreno MA, Howard TP, Hague J, Nelson K, Heffelfinger C, Romero S, Kausch AP, Glauser G, Acosta IF, Mottinger JP, Dellaporta SL. Control of sexuality by the sk1-encoded UDP-glycosyltransferase of maize. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600991. [PMID: 27819048 PMCID: PMC5091354 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sex determination in maize involves the production of staminate and pistillate florets from an initially bisexual floral meristem. Pistil elimination in staminate florets requires jasmonic acid signaling, and functional pistils are protected by the action of the silkless 1 (sk1) gene. The sk1 gene was identified and found to encode a previously uncharacterized family 1 uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase that localized to the plant peroxisomes. Constitutive expression of an sk1 transgene protected all pistils in the plant, causing complete feminization, a gain-of-function phenotype that operates by blocking the accumulation of jasmonates. The segregation of an sk1 transgene was used to effectively control the production of pistillate and staminate inflorescences in maize plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Hayward
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520–8104, USA
| | - Maria A. Moreno
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520–8104, USA
| | - Thomas P. Howard
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520–8104, USA
| | - Joel Hague
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02892, USA
| | - Kimberly Nelson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02892, USA
| | - Christopher Heffelfinger
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520–8104, USA
| | - Sandra Romero
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520–8104, USA
| | - Albert P. Kausch
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02892, USA
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan F. Acosta
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - John P. Mottinger
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02892, USA
| | - Stephen L. Dellaporta
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520–8104, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are a class of plant hormones that play essential roles in response to tissue wounding. They act on gene expression to slow down growth and to redirect metabolism towards producing defense molecules and repairing damage. These responses are systemic and have dramatic impacts on yields, making JAs a very active research area. JAs interact with many other plant hormones and therefore also have essential functions throughout development, notably during plant reproduction, leaf senescence and in response to many biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Larrieu
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, University Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, University Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France.
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118
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Goossens J, Fernández-Calvo P, Schweizer F, Goossens A. Jasmonates: signal transduction components and their roles in environmental stress responses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 68:1333-1347. [PMID: 27927998 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates, oxylipin-type plant hormones, are implicated in diverse aspects of plant growth development and interaction with the environment. Following diverse developmental and environmental cues, jasmonate is produced, conjugated to the amino acid isoleucine and perceived by a co-receptor complex composed of the Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) repressor proteins and an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing the F-box CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1). This event triggers the degradation of the JAZ proteins and the release of numerous transcription factors, including MYC2 and its homologues, which are otherwise bound and inhibited by the JAZ repressors. Here, we will review the role of the COI1, JAZ and MYC2 proteins in the interaction of the plant with its environment, illustrating the significance of jasmonate signalling, and of the proteins involved, for responses to both biotic stresses caused by insects and numerous microbial pathogens and abiotic stresses caused by adverse climatic conditions. It has also become evident that crosstalk with other hormone signals, as well as light and clock signals, plays an important role in the control and fine-tuning of these stress responses. Finally, we will discuss how several pathogens exploit the jasmonate perception and early signalling machinery to decoy the plants defence systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Goossens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabian Schweizer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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119
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Goossens J, Fernández-Calvo P, Schweizer F, Goossens A. Jasmonates: signal transduction components and their roles in environmental stress responses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:673-89. [PMID: 27086135 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates, oxylipin-type plant hormones, are implicated in diverse aspects of plant growth development and interaction with the environment. Following diverse developmental and environmental cues, jasmonate is produced, conjugated to the amino acid isoleucine and perceived by a co-receptor complex composed of the Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) repressor proteins and an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing the F-box CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1). This event triggers the degradation of the JAZ proteins and the release of numerous transcription factors, including MYC2 and its homologues, which are otherwise bound and inhibited by the JAZ repressors. Here, we will review the role of the COI1, JAZ and MYC2 proteins in the interaction of the plant with its environment, illustrating the significance of jasmonate signalling, and of the proteins involved, for responses to both biotic stresses caused by insects and numerous microbial pathogens and abiotic stresses caused by adverse climatic conditions. It has also become evident that crosstalk with other hormone signals, as well as light and clock signals, plays an important role in the control and fine-tuning of these stress responses. Finally, we will discuss how several pathogens exploit the jasmonate perception and early signalling machinery to decoy the plants defence systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Goossens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabian Schweizer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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Qi J, Sun G, Wang L, Zhao C, Hettenhausen C, Schuman MC, Baldwin IT, Li J, Song J, Liu Z, Xu G, Lu X, Wu J. Oral secretions from Mythimna separata insects specifically induce defence responses in maize as revealed by high-dimensional biological data. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1749-1766. [PMID: 26991784 PMCID: PMC5295635 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Attack from insect herbivores poses a major threat to plant survival, and accordingly, plants have evolved sophisticated defence systems. Maize is cultivated as a staple crop worldwide, and insect feeding causes large production losses. Despite its importance in agriculture, little is known about how maize reacts to insect herbivory. Taking advantage of advances in sequencing and mass spectrometry technology, we studied the response of maize to mechanical wounding and simulated Mythimna separata (a specialist insect) herbivory by applying its oral secretions (OS) to wounds. In comparison to the responses induced by mechanical wounding, OS elicited larger and longer-lasting changes in the maize transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and phytohormones. Specifically, many genes, proteins and metabolites were uniquely induced or repressed by OS. Nearly 290 transcription factor genes from 39 families were involved in OS-induced responses, and among these, more transcription factor genes were specifically regulated by OS than by wounding. This study provides a large-scale omics dataset for understanding maize response to chewing insects and highlights the essential role of OS in plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Qi
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guiling Sun
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Christian Hettenhausen
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Meredith C. Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Ian T. Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhudong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Corresponding author: Jianqiang Wu, Phone/Fax: +86-871-65229562,
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Bruckhoff V, Haroth S, Feussner K, König S, Brodhun F, Feussner I. Functional Characterization of CYP94-Genes and Identification of a Novel Jasmonate Catabolite in Flowers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159875. [PMID: 27459369 PMCID: PMC4961372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades much research focused on the biosynthesis of the plant hormone jasmonyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile). While many details about its biosynthetic pathway as well about its physiological function are established nowadays, knowledge about its catabolic fate is still scarce. Only recently, the hormonal inactivation mechanisms became a stronger research focus. Two major pathways have been proposed to inactivate JA-Ile: i) The cleavage of the jasmonyl-residue from the isoleucine moiety, a reaction that is catalyzed by specific amido-hydrolases, or ii), the sequential oxidation of the ω-end of the pentenyl side-chain. This reaction is catalyzed by specific members of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) subfamily CYP94: CYP94B1, CYP94B3 and CYP94C1. In the present study, we further investigated the oxidative fate of JA-Ile by expanding the analysis on Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, lacking only one (cyp94b1, cyp94b2, cyp94b3, cyp94c1), two (cyp94b1xcyp94b2, cyp94b1xcyp94b3, cyp94b2xcyp94b3), three (cyp94b1xcyp94b2xcyp94b3) or even four (cyp94b1xcyp94b2xcyp94b3xcyp94c1) CYP94 functionalities. The results obtained in the present study show that CYP94B1, CYP94B2, CYP94B3 and CYP94C1 are responsible for catalyzing the sequential ω-oxidation of JA-Ile in a semi-redundant manner. While CYP94B-enzymes preferentially hydroxylate JA-Ile to 12-hydroxy-JA-Ile, CYP94C1 catalyzes primarily the subsequent oxidation, yielding 12-carboxy-JA-Ile. In addition, data obtained from investigating the triple and quadruple mutants let us hypothesize that a direct oxidation of unconjugated JA to 12-hydroxy-JA is possible in planta. Using a non-targeted metabolite fingerprinting analysis, we identified unconjugated 12-carboxy-JA as novel jasmonate derivative in floral tissues. Using the same approach, we could show that deletion of CYP94-genes might not only affect JA-homeostasis but also other signaling pathways. Deletion of CYP94B1, for example, led to accumulation of metabolites that may be characteristic for plant stress responses like systemic acquired resistance. Evaluation of the in vivo function of the different CYP94-enzymes on the JA-sensitivity demonstrated that particularly CYP94B-enzymes might play an essential role for JA-response, whereas CYP94C1 might only be of minor importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Bruckhoff
- Georg-August-University Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sven Haroth
- Georg-August-University Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Georg-August-University Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie König
- Georg-August-University Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Florian Brodhun
- Georg-August-University Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Georg-August-University Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany.,Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
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Ahmad P, Rasool S, Gul A, Sheikh SA, Akram NA, Ashraf M, Kazi AM, Gucel S. Jasmonates: Multifunctional Roles in Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:813. [PMID: 27379115 PMCID: PMC4908892 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) [Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonates (MeJAs)] are known to take part in various physiological processes. Exogenous application of JAs so far tested on different plants under abiotic stresses particularly salinity, drought, and temperature (low/high) conditions have proved effective in improving plant stress tolerance. However, its extent of effectiveness entirely depends on the type of plant species tested or its concentration. The effects of introgression or silencing of different JA- and Me-JA-related genes have been summarized in this review, which have shown a substantial role in improving crop yield and quality in different plants under stress or non-stress conditions. Regulation of JAs synthesis is impaired in stressed as well as unstressed plant cells/tissues, which is believed to be associated with a variety of metabolic events including signal transduction. Although, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important components of JA signaling and biosynthesis pathways, nitric oxide, ROS, calcium, ABA, ethylene, and salicylic acid are also important mediators of plant growth and development during JA signal transduction and synthesis. The exploration of other signaling molecules can be beneficial to examine the details of underlying molecular mechanisms of JA signal transduction. Much work is to be done in near future to find the proper answers of the questions like action of JA related metabolites, and identification of universal JA receptors etc. Complete signaling pathways involving MAPKs, CDPK, TGA, SIPK, WIPK, and WRKY transcription factors are yet to be investigated to understand the complete mechanism of action of JAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, S.P. CollegeSrinagar, India
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saiema Rasool
- Forest Biotech Lab, Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSelangor, Malaysia
| | - Alvina Gul
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Subzar A. Sheikh
- Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College (Boys), AnantnagAnantnag, India
| | - Nudrat A. Akram
- Department of Botany, GC University FaisalabadFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pakistan Science FoundationIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - A. M. Kazi
- Department of Botany, University of SargodhaSargodha, Pakistan
| | - Salih Gucel
- Centre for Environmental Research, Near East UniversityNicosia, Cyprus
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Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are essential signalling molecules that co-ordinate the plant response to biotic and abiotic challenges, as well as co-ordinating several developmental processes. Huge progress has been made over the last decade in understanding the components and mechanisms that govern JA perception and signalling. The bioactive form of the hormone, (+)-7-iso-jasmonyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), is perceived by the COI1-JAZ co-receptor complex. JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins also act as direct repressors of transcriptional activators such as MYC2. In the emerging picture of JA-Ile perception and signalling, COI1 operates as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that upon binding of JA-Ile targets JAZ repressors for degradation by the 26S proteasome, thereby derepressing transcription factors such as MYC2, which in turn activate JA-Ile-dependent transcriptional reprogramming. It is noteworthy that MYCs and different spliced variants of the JAZ proteins are involved in a negative regulatory feedback loop, which suggests a model that rapidly turns the transcriptional JA-Ile responses on and off and thereby avoids a detrimental overactivation of the pathway. This chapter highlights the most recent advances in our understanding of JA-Ile signalling, focusing on the latest repertoire of new targets of JAZ proteins to control different sets of JA-Ile-mediated responses, novel mechanisms of negative regulation of JA-Ile signalling, and hormonal cross-talk at the molecular level that ultimately determines plant adaptability and survival.
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Luo J, Wei K, Wang S, Zhao W, Ma C, Hettenhausen C, Wu J, Cao G, Sun G, Baldwin IT, Wu J, Wang L. COI1-Regulated Hydroxylation of Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine Impairs Nicotiana attenuata's Resistance to the Generalist Herbivore Spodoptera litura. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2822-31. [PMID: 26985773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b06056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is well-known as the key signaling molecule that elicits plant defense responses after insect herbivory. Oxidation, which is catalyzed by the cytochrome P450s of the CYP94 family, is thought to be one of the main catabolic pathways of JA-Ile. In this study, we identified four CYP94B3 homologues in the wild tobacco plant Nicotiana attenuata. Individually silencing the four homologues revealed that NaCYP94B3 like-1 and NaCYP94B3 like-2, but not NaCYP94B3 like-3 and NaCYP94B3 like-4, are involved in the C-12-hydroxylation of JA-Ile. Simultaneously silencing three of the NaCYP94B3 like genes, NaCYP94B3 like-1, -2, and -4, in the VIGS-NaCYP94B3s plants doubled herbivory-induced JA-Ile levels and greatly enhanced plant resistance to the generalist insect herbivore, Spodoptera litura. The poor larval performance was strongly correlated with the high concentrations of several JA-Ile-dependent direct defense metabolites in VIGS-NaCYP94B3s plants. Furthermore, we show that the abundance of 12-hydroxy-JA-Ile was dependent on JA-Ile levels as well as COI1, the receptor of JA-Ile. COI1 appeared to transcriptionally control NaCYP94B3 like-1 and -2 and thus regulates the catabolism of its own ligand molecule, JA-Ile. These results highlight the important role of JA-Ile degradation in jasmonate homeostasis and provide new insight into the feedback regulation of JA-Ile catabolism. Given that silencing these CYP94 genes did not detectably alter plant growth and highly increased plant defense levels, we propose that CYP94B3 genes can be potential targets for genetic improvement of herbivore-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Luo
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shuanghua Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiye Zhao
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Canrong Ma
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Christian Hettenhausen
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guoyan Cao
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guiling Sun
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
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Dhakarey R, Kodackattumannil Peethambaran P, Riemann M. Functional Analysis of Jasmonates in Rice through Mutant Approaches. PLANTS 2016; 5:plants5010015. [PMID: 27135235 PMCID: PMC4844424 DOI: 10.3390/plants5010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid, one of the major plant hormones, is, unlike other hormones, a lipid-derived compound that is synthesized from the fatty acid linolenic acid. It has been studied intensively in many plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana, in which most of the enzymes participating in its biosynthesis were characterized. In the past 15 years, mutants and transgenic plants affected in the jasmonate pathway became available in rice and facilitate studies on the functions of this hormone in an important crop. Those functions are partially conserved compared to other plant species, and include roles in fertility, response to mechanical wounding and defense against herbivores. However, new and surprising functions have also been uncovered by mutant approaches, such as a close link between light perception and the jasmonate pathway. This was not only useful to show a phenomenon that is unique to rice but also helped to establish this role in plant species where such links are less obvious. This review aims to provide an overview of currently available rice mutants and transgenic plants in the jasmonate pathway and highlights some selected roles of jasmonate in this species, such as photomorphogenesis, and abiotic and biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Dhakarey
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | | | - Michael Riemann
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Poudel AN, Zhang T, Kwasniewski M, Nakabayashi R, Saito K, Koo AJ. Mutations in jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine-12-hydroxylases suppress multiple JA-dependent wound responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1396-1408. [PMID: 26968098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants rapidly perceive tissue damage, such as that inflicted by insects, and activate several key defense responses. The importance of the fatty acid-derived hormone jasmonates (JA) in dictating these wound responses has been recognized for many years. However, important features pertaining to the regulation of the JA pathway are still not well understood. One key unknown is the inactivation mechanism of the JA pathway and its relationship with plant response to wounding. Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 enzymes in the CYP94 clade metabolize jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), a major metabolite of JA responsible for many biological effects attributed to the JA signaling pathway; thus, CYP94s are expected to contribute to the attenuation of JA-Ile-dependent wound responses. To directly test this, we created the double and triple knock-out mutants of three CYP94 genes, CYP94B1, CYP94B3, and CYP94C1. The mutations blocked the oxidation steps and caused JA-Ile to accumulate 3-4-fold the WT levels in the wounded leaves. Surprisingly, over accumulation of JA-Ile did not lead to a stronger wound response. On the contrary, the mutants displayed a series of symptoms reminiscent of JA-Ile deficiency, including resistance to wound-induced growth inhibition, decreased anthocyanin and trichomes, and increased susceptibility to insects. The mutants, however, responded normally to exogenous JA treatments, indicating that JA perception or signaling pathways were intact. Untargeted metabolite analyses revealed >40% reduction in wound-inducible metabolites in the mutants. These observations raise questions about the current JA signaling model and point toward a more complex model perhaps involving JA derivatives and/or feedback mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati N Poudel
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Tong Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Misha Kwasniewski
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Abraham J Koo
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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127
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Zhang T, Poudel AN, Jewell JB, Kitaoka N, Staswick P, Matsuura H, Koo AJ. Hormone crosstalk in wound stress response: wound-inducible amidohydrolases can simultaneously regulate jasmonate and auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2107-20. [PMID: 26672615 PMCID: PMC4793799 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA) and auxin are essential hormones in plant development and stress responses. While the two govern distinct physiological processes, their signaling pathways interact at various levels. Recently, members of the Arabidopsis indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) amidohydrolase (IAH) family were reported to metabolize jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), a bioactive form of JA. Here, we characterized three IAH members, ILR1, ILL6, and IAR3, for their function in JA and IAA metabolism and signaling. Expression of all three genes in leaves was up-regulated by wounding or JA, but not by IAA. Purified recombinant proteins showed overlapping but distinct substrate specificities for diverse amino acid conjugates of JA and IAA. Perturbed patterns of the endogenous JA profile in plants overexpressing or knocked-out for the three genes were consistent with ILL6 and IAR3, but not ILR1, being the JA amidohydrolases. Increased turnover of JA-Ile in the ILL6- and IAR3-overexpressing plants created symptoms of JA deficiency whereas increased free IAA by overexpression of ILR1 and IAR3 made plants hypersensitive to exogenous IAA conjugates. Surprisingly, ILL6 overexpression rendered plants highly resistant to exogenous IAA conjugates, indicating its interference with IAA conjugate hydrolysis. Fluorescent protein-tagged IAR3 and ILL6 co-localized with the endoplasmic reticulum-localized JA-Ile 12-hydroxylase, CYP94B3. Together, these results demonstrate that in wounded leaves JA-inducible amidohydrolases contribute to regulate active IAA and JA-Ile levels, promoting auxin signaling while attenuating JA signaling. This mechanism represents an example of a metabolic-level crosstalk between the auxin and JA signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Arati N Poudel
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jeremy B Jewell
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Naoki Kitaoka
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Paul Staswick
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68521, USA
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Abraham J Koo
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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128
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Jewell JB, Browse J. Epidermal jasmonate perception is sufficient for all aspects of jasmonate-mediated male fertility in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 85:634-47. [PMID: 26833563 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA) signaling is essential for several environmental responses and reproductive development in many plant species. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the most obvious phenotype of JA biosynthetic and perception mutants is profound sporophytic male sterility characterized by failure of stamen filament elongation, severe delay of anther dehiscence and pollen inviability. The site of action of JA in the context of reproductive development has been discussed, but the ideas have not been tested experimentally. To this end we used targeted expression of a COI1-YFP transgene in the coi1-1 mutant background. As COI1 is an essential component of the JA co-receptor complex, the null coi1-1 mutant is male sterile due to lack of JA perception. We show that expression of COI1-YFP in the epidermis of the stamen filament and anther in coi1 mutant plants is sufficient to rescue filament elongation, anther dehiscence and pollen viability. In contrast, filament expression alone or expression in the tapetum do not restore dehiscence and pollen viability. These results demonstrate that epidermal JA perception is sufficient for anther function and pollen viability, and suggest the presence of a JA-dependent non-autonomous signal produced in the anther epidermis to synchronize both anther dehiscence and pollen maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy B Jewell
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
| | - John Browse
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
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129
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Böhm J, Scherzer S, Krol E, Kreuzer I, von Meyer K, Lorey C, Mueller TD, Shabala L, Monte I, Solano R, Al-Rasheid KAS, Rennenberg H, Shabala S, Neher E, Hedrich R. The Venus Flytrap Dionaea muscipula Counts Prey-Induced Action Potentials to Induce Sodium Uptake. Curr Biol 2016; 26:286-95. [PMID: 26804557 PMCID: PMC4751343 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Carnivorous plants, such as the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula), depend on an animal diet when grown in nutrient-poor soils. When an insect visits the trap and tilts the mechanosensors on the inner surface, action potentials (APs) are fired. After a moving object elicits two APs, the trap snaps shut, encaging the victim. Panicking preys repeatedly touch the trigger hairs over the subsequent hours, leading to a hermetically closed trap, which via the gland-based endocrine system is flooded by a prey-decomposing acidic enzyme cocktail. Here, we asked the question as to how many times trigger hairs have to be stimulated (e.g., now many APs are required) for the flytrap to recognize an encaged object as potential food, thus making it worthwhile activating the glands. By applying a series of trigger-hair stimulations, we found that the touch hormone jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway is activated after the second stimulus, while more than three APs are required to trigger an expression of genes encoding prey-degrading hydrolases, and that this expression is proportional to the number of mechanical stimulations. A decomposing animal contains a sodium load, and we have found that these sodium ions enter the capture organ via glands. We identified a flytrap sodium channel DmHKT1 as responsible for this sodium acquisition, with the number of transcripts expressed being dependent on the number of mechano-electric stimulations. Hence, the number of APs a victim triggers while trying to break out of the trap identifies the moving prey as a struggling Na+-rich animal and nutrition for the plant. Video Abstract
Carnivorous Dionaea muscipula captures and processes nutrient- and sodium-rich prey Via mechano-sensor stimulation, an animal meal is recognized, captured, and processed Mechano-electrical waves induce JA signaling pathways that trigger prey digestion Number of stimulations controls the production of digesting enzymes and uptake modules
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Böhm
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elzbieta Krol
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ines Kreuzer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina von Meyer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Lorey
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler, Friedrich-Koenig-Gymnasium, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas D Mueller
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lana Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Isabel Monte
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus University Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Solano
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus University Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Khaled A S Al-Rasheid
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53/54, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Erwin Neher
- Department for Membrane Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
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130
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Widemann E, Smirnova E, Aubert Y, Miesch L, Heitz T. Dynamics of Jasmonate Metabolism upon Flowering and across Leaf Stress Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2016; 5:plants5010004. [PMID: 27135224 PMCID: PMC4844418 DOI: 10.3390/plants5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway plays important roles in adaptation of plants to environmental cues and in specific steps of their development, particularly in reproduction. Recent advances in metabolic studies have highlighted intricate mechanisms that govern enzymatic conversions within the jasmonate family. Here we analyzed jasmonate profile changes upon Arabidopsis thaliana flower development and investigated the contribution of catabolic pathways that were known to turnover the active hormonal compound jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) upon leaf stress. We report a rapid decline of JA-Ile upon flower opening, concomitant with the massive accumulation of its most oxidized catabolite, 12COOH-JA-Ile. Detailed genetic analysis identified CYP94C1 as the major player in this process. CYP94C1 is one out of three characterized cytochrome P450 enzymes that define an oxidative JA-Ile turnover pathway, besides a second, hydrolytic pathway represented by the amido-hydrolases IAR3 and ILL6. Expression studies combined with reporter gene analysis revealed the dominant expression of CYP94C1 in mature anthers, consistent with the established role of JA signaling in male fertility. Significant CYP94B1 expression was also evidenced in stamen filaments, but surprisingly, CYP94B1 deficiency was not associated with significant changes in JA profiles. Finally, we compared global flower JA profiles with those previously reported in leaves reacting to mechanical wounding or submitted to infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. These comparisons revealed distinct dynamics of JA accumulation and conversions in these three biological systems. Leaf injury boosts a strong and transient JA and JA-Ile accumulation that evolves rapidly into a profile dominated by ω-oxidized and/or Ile-conjugated derivatives. In contrast, B. cinerea-infected leaves contain mostly unconjugated jasmonates, about half of this content being ω-oxidized. Finally, developing flowers present an intermediate situation where young flower buds show detectable jasmonate oxidation (probably originating from stamen metabolism) which becomes exacerbated upon flower opening. Our data illustrate that in spite conserved enzymatic routes, the jasmonate metabolic grid shows considerable flexibility and dynamically equilibrates into specific blends in different physiological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Widemann
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS-UPR2357, associée à l'Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Ekaterina Smirnova
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS-UPR2357, associée à l'Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Yann Aubert
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS-UPR2357, associée à l'Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Laurence Miesch
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Thierry Heitz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS-UPR2357, associée à l'Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) constitute a major class of plant regulators that coordinate responses to biotic and abiotic threats and important aspects of plant development. The core biosynthetic pathway converts linolenic acid released from plastid membrane lipids to the cyclopentenone cis-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) that is further reduced and shortened to jasmonic acid (JA) in peroxisomes. Abundant pools of OPDA esterified to plastid lipids also occur upon stress, mainly in the Arabidopsis genus. Long thought to be the bioactive hormone, JA only gains its pleiotropic hormonal properties upon conjugation into jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile). The signaling pathway triggered when JA-Ile promotes the assembly of COI1-JAZ (Coronatine Insensitive 1-JAsmonate Zim domain) co-receptor complexes has been the focus of most recent research in the jasmonate field. In parallel, OPDA and several other JA derivatives are recognized for their separate activities and contribute to the diversity of jasmonate action in plant physiology. We summarize in this chapter the properties of different bioactive JAs and review elements known for their perception and signal transduction. Much progress has also been gained on the enzymatic processes governing JA-Ile removal. Two JA-Ile catabolic pathways, operating through ω-oxidation (cytochromes P450) or conjugate cleavage (amido hydrolases) shape signal dynamics to allow optimal control on defense. JA-Ile turnover not only participates in signal attenuation, but also impact the homeostasis of the entire JA metabolic pathway.
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Wasternack C, Strnad M. Jasmonate signaling in plant stress responses and development - active and inactive compounds. N Biotechnol 2015; 33:604-613. [PMID: 26581489 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived signals mediating plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and in plant development. Following the elucidation of each step in their biosynthesis and the important components of perception and signaling, several activators, repressors and co-repressors have been identified which contribute to fine-tuning the regulation of JA-induced gene expression. Many of the metabolic reactions in which JA participates, such as conjugation with amino acids, glucosylation, hydroxylation, carboxylation, sulfation and methylation, lead to numerous compounds with different biological activities. These metabolites may be highly active, partially active in specific processes or inactive. Hydroxylation, carboxylation and sulfation inactivate JA signaling. The precursor of JA biosynthesis, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), has been identified as a JA-independent signaling compound. An increasing number of OPDA-specific processes is being identified. To conclude, the numerous JA compounds and their different modes of action allow plants to respond specifically and flexibly to alterations in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Scholz SS, Reichelt M, Boland W, Mithöfer A. Additional evidence against jasmonate-induced jasmonate induction hypothesis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 239:9-14. [PMID: 26398786 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates are phytohormones involved in development and stress reactions. The most prominent jasmonate is jasmonic acid, however, the bioactive jasmonate is (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile). Biosynthesis of jasmonates is long time known; compartmentalization, enzymes and corresponding genes are well studied. Because all genes encoding these biosynthetic enzymes are jasmonate inducible, a hypothesis of jasmonate-induced-jasmonate-biosynthesis is widely accepted. Here, this hypothesis was revisited by employing the synthetic JA-Ile mimic coronalon to intact and wounded leaves, which excludes structural cross-contamination with endogenous jasmonates. At an effective concentration that induced various jasmonate-responsive genes in Arabidopsis, neither accumulation of endogenous jasmonic acid, JA-Ile, nor of their hydroxylated metabolites was detected. Results indicate that in spite of jasmonate-induced biosynthetic gene expression, no jasmonate biosynthesis/accumulation takes place supporting a post-translational regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Scholz
- Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
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134
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Widemann E, Grausem B, Renault H, Pineau E, Heinrich C, Lugan R, Ullmann P, Miesch L, Aubert Y, Miesch M, Heitz T, Pinot F. Sequential oxidation of Jasmonoyl-Phenylalanine and Jasmonoyl-Isoleucine by multiple cytochrome P450 of the CYP94 family through newly identified aldehyde intermediates. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 117:388-399. [PMID: 26164240 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The role and fate of Jasmonoyl-Phenylalanine (JA-Phe), an understudied conjugate in the jasmonate pathway remain to be unraveled. We addressed here the possibility of JA-Phe oxidative turnover by cytochrome P450s of the CYP94 family. Leaf wounding or fungal infection in Arabidopsis resulted in accumulation of JA-Phe, 12-hydroxyl (12OH-JA-Phe) and 12-carboxyl (12COOH-JA-Phe) derivatives, with patterns differing from those previously described for Jasmonoyl-Isoleucine. In vitro, yeast-expressed cytochromes P450 CYP94B1, CYP94B3 and CYP94C1 differentially oxidized JA-Phe to 12-hydroxyl, 12-aldehyde and 12-carboxyl derivatives. Furthermore, a new aldehyde jasmonate, 12CHO-JA-Ile was detected in wounded plants. Metabolic analysis of CYP94B3 and CYP94C1 loss- and gain-of-function plant lines showed that 12OH-JA-Phe was drastically reduced in cyp94b3 but not affected in cyp94c1, while single or double mutants lacking CYP94C1 accumulated less 12COOH-JA-Phe than WT plants. This, along with overexpressing lines, demonstrates that hydroxylation by CYP94B3 and carboxylation by CYP94C1 accounts for JA-Phe turnover in planta. Evolutionary study of the CYP94 family in the plant kingdom suggests conserved roles of its members in JA conjugate homeostasis and possibly in adaptative functions. Our work extends the range and complexity of JA-amino acid oxidation by multifunctional CYP94 enzymes in response to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Widemann
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Grausem
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Hugues Renault
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuelle Pineau
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Clément Heinrich
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Raphaël Lugan
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Pascaline Ullmann
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Miesch
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Yann Aubert
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Michel Miesch
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Heitz
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Franck Pinot
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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135
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Burow M, Atwell S, Francisco M, Kerwin RE, Halkier BA, Kliebenstein DJ. The Glucosinolate Biosynthetic Gene AOP2 Mediates Feed-back Regulation of Jasmonic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1201-12. [PMID: 25758208 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Survival in changing and challenging environments requires an organism to efficiently obtain and use its resources. Due to their sessile nature, it is particularly critical for plants to dynamically optimize their metabolism. In plant primary metabolism, metabolic fine-tuning involves feed-back mechanisms whereby the output of a pathway controls its input to generate a precise and robust response to environmental changes. By contrast, few studies have addressed the potential for feed-back regulation of secondary metabolism. In Arabidopsis, accumulation of the defense compounds glucosinolates has previously been linked to genetic variation in the glucosinolate biosynthetic gene AOP2. AOP2 expression can increase the transcript levels of two known regulators (MYB28 and MYB29) of the pathway, suggesting that AOP2 plays a role in positive feed-back regulation controlling glucosinolate biosynthesis. We generated mutants affecting AOP2, MYB28/29, or both. Transcriptome analysis of these mutants identified a so far unrecognized link between AOP2 and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling independent of MYB28 and MYB29. Thus, AOP2 is part of a regulatory feed-back loop linking glucosinolate biosynthesis and JA signaling and thereby allows the glucosinolate pathway to influence JA sensitivity. The discovery of this regulatory feed-back loop provides insight into how plants optimize the use of resources for defensive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center of Excellence, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Susanna Atwell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marta Francisco
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Misión Biológica de Galicia, (MBG-CSIC), PO Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Rachel E Kerwin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Barbara A Halkier
- DynaMo Center of Excellence, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Daniel J Kliebenstein
- DynaMo Center of Excellence, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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136
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Aubert Y, Widemann E, Miesch L, Pinot F, Heitz T. CYP94-mediated jasmonoyl-isoleucine hormone oxidation shapes jasmonate profiles and attenuates defence responses to Botrytis cinerea infection. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015. [PMID: 25903915 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv190.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Induced resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea depends on jasmonate metabolism and signalling in Arabidopsis. We have presented here extensive jasmonate profiling in this pathosystem and investigated the impact of the recently reported jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) catabolic pathway mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP94) enzymes. Using a series of mutant and overexpressing (OE) plant lines, we showed that CYP94B3 and CYP94C1 are integral components of the fungus-induced jasmonate metabolic pathway and control the abundance of oxidized conjugated but also some unconjugated derivatives, such as sulfated 12-HSO4-JA. Despite causing JA-Ile overaccumulation due to impaired oxidation, CYP94 deficiency had negligible impacts on resistance, associated with enhanced JAZ repressor transcript levels. In contrast, plants overexpressing (OE) CYP94B3 or CYP94C1 were enriched in 12-OH-JA-Ile or 12-COOH-JA-Ile respectively. This shift towards oxidized JA-Ile derivatives was concomitant with strongly impaired defence gene induction and reduced disease resistance. CYP94B3-OE, but unexpectedly not CYP94C1-OE, plants displayed reduced JA-Ile levels compared with the wild type, suggesting that increased susceptibility in CYP94C1-OE plants may result from changes in the hormone oxidation ratio rather than absolute changes in JA-Ile levels. Consistently, while feeding JA-Ile to seedlings triggered strong induction of JA pathway genes, induction was largely reduced or abolished after feeding with the CYP94 products 12-OH-JA-Ile and 12-COOH-JA-Ile, respectively. This trend paralleled in vitro pull-down assays where 12-COOH-JA-Ile was unable to promote COI1-JAZ9 co-receptor assembly. Our results highlight the dual function of CYP94B3/C1 in antimicrobial defence: by controlling hormone oxidation status for signal attenuation, these enzymes also define JA-Ile as a metabolic hub directing jasmonate profile complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Aubert
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Emilie Widemann
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Miesch
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Institut de Chimie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7177 Université de Strasbourg-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1 rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Franck Pinot
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Heitz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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137
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Aubert Y, Widemann E, Miesch L, Pinot F, Heitz T. CYP94-mediated jasmonoyl-isoleucine hormone oxidation shapes jasmonate profiles and attenuates defence responses to Botrytis cinerea infection. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3879-92. [PMID: 25903915 PMCID: PMC4473988 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Induced resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea depends on jasmonate metabolism and signalling in Arabidopsis. We have presented here extensive jasmonate profiling in this pathosystem and investigated the impact of the recently reported jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) catabolic pathway mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP94) enzymes. Using a series of mutant and overexpressing (OE) plant lines, we showed that CYP94B3 and CYP94C1 are integral components of the fungus-induced jasmonate metabolic pathway and control the abundance of oxidized conjugated but also some unconjugated derivatives, such as sulfated 12-HSO4-JA. Despite causing JA-Ile overaccumulation due to impaired oxidation, CYP94 deficiency had negligible impacts on resistance, associated with enhanced JAZ repressor transcript levels. In contrast, plants overexpressing (OE) CYP94B3 or CYP94C1 were enriched in 12-OH-JA-Ile or 12-COOH-JA-Ile respectively. This shift towards oxidized JA-Ile derivatives was concomitant with strongly impaired defence gene induction and reduced disease resistance. CYP94B3-OE, but unexpectedly not CYP94C1-OE, plants displayed reduced JA-Ile levels compared with the wild type, suggesting that increased susceptibility in CYP94C1-OE plants may result from changes in the hormone oxidation ratio rather than absolute changes in JA-Ile levels. Consistently, while feeding JA-Ile to seedlings triggered strong induction of JA pathway genes, induction was largely reduced or abolished after feeding with the CYP94 products 12-OH-JA-Ile and 12-COOH-JA-Ile, respectively. This trend paralleled in vitro pull-down assays where 12-COOH-JA-Ile was unable to promote COI1-JAZ9 co-receptor assembly. Our results highlight the dual function of CYP94B3/C1 in antimicrobial defence: by controlling hormone oxidation status for signal attenuation, these enzymes also define JA-Ile as a metabolic hub directing jasmonate profile complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Aubert
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Emilie Widemann
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Miesch
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Institut de Chimie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7177 Université de Strasbourg-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1 rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Franck Pinot
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Heitz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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138
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Shyu C, Brutnell TP. Growth-defence balance in grass biomass production: the role of jasmonates. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:4165-76. [PMID: 25711704 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Growth-defence balance is the selective partitioning of resources between biomass accumulation and defence responses. Although it is generally postulated that reallocation of limited carbon pools drives the antagonism between growth and defence, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this regulation. Jasmonates (JAs) are a group of oxylipins that are required for a broad range of responses from defence against insects to reproductive growth. Application of JAs to seedlings also leads to inhibited growth and repression of photosynthesis, suggesting a role for JAs in regulating growth-defence balance. The majority of JA research uses dicot models such as Arabidopsis and tomato, while understanding of JA biology in monocot grasses, which comprise most bioenergy feedstocks, food for human consumption, and animal feed, is limited. Interestingly, JA mutants of grasses exhibit unique phenotypes compared with well-studied dicot models. Gene expression analyses in bioenergy grasses also suggest roles for JA in rhizome development, which has not been demonstrated in Arabidopsis. In this review we summarize current knowledge of JA biology in panicoid grasses-the group that consists of the world's emerging bioenergy grasses such as switchgrass, sugarcane, Miscanthus, and sorghum. We discuss outstanding questions regarding the role of JAs in panicoid grasses, and highlight the importance of utilizing emerging grass models for molecular studies to provide a basis for engineering bioenergy grasses that can maximize biomass accumulation while efficiently defending against stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Shyu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO 63132, USA
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139
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Böttcher C, Burbidge CA, di Rienzo V, Boss PK, Davies C. Jasmonic acid-isoleucine formation in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) by two enzymes with distinct transcription profiles. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:618-27. [PMID: 25494944 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) is essential for stress responses and the formation of reproductive organs, but its role in fruit development and ripening is unclear. Conjugation of JA to isoleucine is a crucial step in the JA signaling pathway since only JA-Ile is recognized by the jasmonate receptor. The conjugation reaction is catalyzed by JA-amido synthetases, belonging to the family of Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) proteins. Here, in vitro studies of two grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv Shiraz) GH3 enzymes, VvGH3-7 and VvGH3-9, demonstrated JA-conjugating activities with an overlapping range of amino acid substrates, including isoleucine. Expression studies of the corresponding genes in grape berries combined with JA and JA-Ile measurements suggested a primary role for JA signaling in fruit set and cell division and did not support an involvement of JA in the ripening process. In response to methyl JA (MeJA) treatment, and in wounded and unwounded (distal) leaves, VvGH3-9 transcripts accumulated, indicating a participation in the JA response. In contrast, VvGH3-7 was unresponsive to MeJA and local wounding, demonstrating a differential transcriptional regulation of VvGH3-7 and VvGH3-9. The transient induction of VvGH3-7 in unwounded, distal leaves was suggestive of the involvement of an unknown mobile wound signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Böttcher
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Crista A Burbidge
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | | | - Paul K Boss
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Christopher Davies
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
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140
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Kurotani KI, Hayashi K, Hatanaka S, Toda Y, Ogawa D, Ichikawa H, Ishimaru Y, Tashita R, Suzuki T, Ueda M, Hattori T, Takeda S. Elevated levels of CYP94 family gene expression alleviate the jasmonate response and enhance salt tolerance in rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:779-89. [PMID: 25637374 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonate and its conjugates (JAs) have important roles in growth control, leaf senescence and defense responses against insects and microbial attacks. JA biosynthesis is induced by several stresses, including mechanical wounding, pathogen attacks, drought and salinity stresses. However, the roles of JAs under abiotic stress conditions are unclear. Here we report that increased expression of the Cyt P450 family gene CYP94C2b enhanced viability of rice plants under saline conditions. This gene encodes an enzyme closely related to CYP94C1 that catalyzes conversion of bioactive jasmonate-isoleucine (JA-Ile) into 12OH-JA-Ile and 12COOH-JA-Ile. Inactivation of JA was facilitated in a rice line with enhanced CYP94C2b expression, and responses to exogenous JA and wounding were alleviated. Moreover, salt stress-induced leaf senescence but not natural senescence was delayed in the transgenic rice. These results suggest that bioactive JAs have a negative effect on viability under salt stress conditions and demonstrate that manipulating JA metabolism confers enhanced salt tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Kurotani
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Kenji Hayashi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Saki Hatanaka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Yosuke Toda
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogawa
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ichikawa
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8602 Japan
| | | | - Ryo Tashita
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578 Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578 Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578 Japan
| | - Tsukaho Hattori
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Shin Takeda
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
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142
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Zhu Z, Lee B. Friends or foes: new insights in jasmonate and ethylene co-actions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:414-20. [PMID: 25435545 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
One strategy for sessile plants to adapt to their surrounding environment involves the modulation of their various internal phytohormone signaling and distributions when the plants sense environmental change. There are currently dozens of identified phytohormones in plant cells and they act in concert to regulate plant growth, development, metabolism and defense. It has been determined that phytohormones often act together to achieve certain physiological functions. Thus, the study of hormone-hormone interactions is becoming a competitive research field for deciphering the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Among phytohormones, jasmonate and ethylene present a fascinating case of synergism and antagonism. They are commonly recognized as defense hormones that act synergistically. Plants impaired in jasmonate and/or ethylene signaling are susceptible to infections by necrotrophic fungi, suggesting that these two hormones are both required for defense. Moreover, jasmonate and ethylene also act antagonistically, such as in the regulation of apical hook development and wounding responses. Here, we highlight the recent breakthroughs in the understanding of jasmonate-ethylene co-actions and point out the potential power of studying protein-protein interactions for systematically exploring signal cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Benjamin Lee
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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143
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Figueroa P, Browse J. Male sterility in Arabidopsis induced by overexpression of a MYC5-SRDX chimeric repressor. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:849-60. [PMID: 25627909 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate hormone (JA) plays critical roles in both plant defense and reproductive development. Arabidopsis thaliana plants deficient in JA-biosynthesis or -signaling are male-sterile, with defects in stamen and pollen development. MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4 are JAZ-interacting bHLH transcription factors that play a major role in controlling JA responses in vegetative tissue, but are not likely to play a role in reproductive tissue. We found that a closely related transcription factor, MYC5 (bHLH28), was able to induce JAZ promoters that control some of the early JA-responsive genes in a Daucus carota (carrot) protoplast expression system. A G-box sequence in the JAZ2 promoter was necessary and sufficient for induction by MYC5 (as it is for MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4), and induction of JAZ genes was repressed by co-expression of a stabilized, JAZ1ΔJas repressor. Two allelic myc5 mutants exhibited no overt phenotype; however, transgenic lines expressing MYC5 fused to an SRDX (SUPERMAN repressive domain X) motif phenocopied mutants defective in JA signaling. In particular, MYC5-SRDX plants were male-sterile, with defects in stamen filament elongation, anther dehiscence and pollen viability. Importantly, expression of MYB21 and other transcription factors required for stamen and pollen maturation was strongly reduced in stamens of MYC5-SRDX plants relative to the wild type. Taken together, these results indicate that MYC5, probably together with other, redundant transcription factors, may be activated by JA signaling to induce the expression of MYB21 and components required for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Figueroa
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
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144
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Kurotani KI, Hattori T, Takeda S. Overexpression of a CYP94 family gene CYP94C2b increases internode length and plant height in rice. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1046667. [PMID: 26251886 PMCID: PMC4623425 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1046667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth is controlled by intrinsic developmental programmes and environmental cues. Jasmonate (JA) has important roles in both processes, by regulating cell division and differentiation, as well as in defense responses and senescence. We report an increase in rice plant height caused by overexpression of a gene encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP94C2b, which promoted deactivation of JA-Ile. The height increase occurred through enhanced elongation of internodes in the absence of concomitant cell elongation, unlike previous findings with coi1 knock-down plants. Thus, modulating JA metabolism can increase the number of elongated cells in an internode. Based on these and previous findings, we discuss the difference in the effects of CYP94C2b overexpression vs. coi1 knock-down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ich Kurotani
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center; Nagoya University; Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsukaho Hattori
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center; Nagoya University; Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shin Takeda
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center; Nagoya University; Nagoya, Japan
- Correspondence to: Shin Takeda;
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145
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Heinrich CF, Widemann E, Sanz J, Lugan R, Heitz T, Pinot F, Miesch M, Miesch L. A Route for the Total Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Jasmonates 12-COOH-JA and 12-COOH-JA-Ile. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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146
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Smith JM, Leslie ME, Robinson SJ, Korasick DA, Zhang T, Backues SK, Cornish PV, Koo AJ, Bednarek SY, Heese A. Loss of Arabidopsis thaliana Dynamin-Related Protein 2B reveals separation of innate immune signaling pathways. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004578. [PMID: 25521759 PMCID: PMC4270792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular trafficking has emerged as an important means by which eukaryotes modulate responses to microbial pathogens, likely by contributing to the correct localization and levels of host components necessary for effective immunity. However, considering the complexity of membrane trafficking in plants, relatively few vesicular trafficking components with functions in plant immunity are known. Here we demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana Dynamin-Related Protein 2B (DRP2B), which has been previously implicated in constitutive clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), functions in responses to flg22 (the active peptide derivative of bacterial flagellin) and immunity against flagellated bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000. Consistent with a role of DRP2B in Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI), drp2b null mutant plants also showed increased susceptibility to Pto DC3000 hrcC-, which lacks a functional Type 3 Secretion System, thus is unable to deliver effectors into host cells to suppress PTI. Importantly, analysis of drp2b mutant plants revealed three distinct branches of the flg22-signaling network that differed in their requirement for RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGUE D (RBOHD), the NADPH oxidase responsible for flg22-induced apoplastic reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, in drp2b, normal MAPK signaling and increased immune responses via the RbohD/Ca2+-branch were not sufficient for promoting robust PR1 mRNA expression nor immunity against Pto DC3000 and Pto DC3000 hrcC-. Based on live-cell imaging studies, flg22-elicited internalization of the plant flagellin-receptor, FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2), was found to be partially dependent on DRP2B, but not the closely related protein DRP2A, thus providing genetic evidence for a component, implicated in CME, in ligand-induced endocytosis of FLS2. Reduced trafficking of FLS2 in response to flg22 may contribute in part to the non-canonical combination of immune signaling defects observed in drp2b. In conclusion, this study adds DRP2B to the relatively short list of known vesicular trafficking proteins with roles in flg22-signaling and PTI in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Smith
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group (IPG), University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michelle E. Leslie
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group (IPG), University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Samuel J. Robinson
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group (IPG), University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David A. Korasick
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group (IPG), University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Tong Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group (IPG), University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Steven K. Backues
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Peter V. Cornish
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Abraham J. Koo
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group (IPG), University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Y. Bednarek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Antje Heese
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group (IPG), University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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147
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Ranjan A, Vadassery J, Patel HK, Pandey A, Palaparthi R, Mithöfer A, Sonti RV. Upregulation of jasmonate biosynthesis and jasmonate-responsive genes in rice leaves in response to a bacterial pathogen mimic. Funct Integr Genomics 2014; 15:363-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-014-0426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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148
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Koo AJ, Thireault C, Zemelis S, Poudel AN, Zhang T, Kitaoka N, Brandizzi F, Matsuura H, Howe GA. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated inactivation of the hormone jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine by multiple members of the cytochrome P450 94 family in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29728-38. [PMID: 25210037 PMCID: PMC4207986 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.603084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) controls diverse aspects of plant immunity, growth, and development. The amplitude and duration of JA responses are controlled in large part by the intracellular level of jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile). In contrast to detailed knowledge of the JA-Ile biosynthetic pathway, little is known about enzymes involved in JA-Ile metabolism and turnover. Cytochromes P450 (CYP) 94B3 and 94C1 were recently shown to sequentially oxidize JA-Ile to hydroxy (12OH-JA-Ile) and dicarboxy (12COOH-JA-Ile) derivatives. Here, we report that a third member (CYP94B1) of the CYP94 family also participates in oxidative turnover of JA-Ile in Arabidopsis. In vitro studies showed that recombinant CYP94B1 converts JA-Ile to 12OH-JA-Ile and lesser amounts of 12COOH-JA-Ile. Consistent with this finding, metabolic and physiological characterization of CYP94B1 loss-of-function and overexpressing plants demonstrated that CYP94B1 and CYP94B3 coordinately govern the majority (>95%) of 12-hydroxylation of JA-Ile in wounded leaves. Analysis of CYP94-promoter-GUS reporter lines indicated that CYP94B1 and CYP94B3 serve unique and overlapping spatio-temporal roles in JA-Ile homeostasis. Subcellular localization studies showed that CYP94s involved in conversion of JA-Ile to 12COOH-JA-Ile reside on endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In vitro studies further showed that 12COOH-JA-Ile, unlike JA-Ile, fails to promote assembly of COI1-JAZ co-receptor complexes. The double loss-of-function mutant of CYP94B3 and ILL6, a JA-Ile amidohydrolase, displayed a JA profile consistent with the collaborative action of the oxidative and the hydrolytic pathways in JA-Ile turnover. Collectively, our results provide an integrated view of how multiple ER-localized CYP94 and JA amidohydrolase enzymes attenuate JA signaling during stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J Koo
- From the Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory and the Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and
| | | | - Starla Zemelis
- From the Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory and
| | - Arati N Poudel
- the Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Tong Zhang
- the Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and
| | - Naoki Kitaoka
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan, and
| | | | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan, and
| | - Gregg A Howe
- From the Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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149
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Stitz M, Hartl M, Baldwin IT, Gaquerel E. Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine coordinates metabolic networks required for anthesis and floral attractant emission in wild tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata). THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3964-83. [PMID: 25326292 PMCID: PMC4247565 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.128165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid and its derivatives (jasmonates [JAs]) play central roles in floral development and maturation. The binding of jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) to the F-box of CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) is required for many JA-dependent physiological responses, but its role in anthesis and pollinator attraction traits remains largely unexplored. Here, we used the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata, which develops sympetalous flowers with complex pollination biology, to examine the coordinating function of JA homeostasis in the distinct metabolic processes that underlie flower maturation, opening, and advertisement to pollinators. From combined transcriptomic, targeted metabolic, and allometric analyses of transgenic N. attenuata plants for which signaling deficiencies were complemented with methyl jasmonate, JA-Ile, and its functional homolog, coronatine (COR), we demonstrate that (1) JA-Ile/COR-based signaling regulates corolla limb opening and a JA-negative feedback loop; (2) production of floral volatiles (night emissions of benzylacetone) and nectar requires JA-Ile/COR perception through COI1; and (3) limb expansion involves JA-Ile-induced changes in limb fresh mass and carbohydrate metabolism. These findings demonstrate a master regulatory function of the JA-Ile/COI1 duet for the main function of a sympetalous corolla, that of advertising for and rewarding pollinator services. Flower opening, by contrast, requires JA-Ile signaling-dependent changes in primary metabolism, which are not compromised in the COI1-silenced RNA interference line used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stitz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Hartl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Gaquerel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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150
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Xiao Y, Chen Y, Charnikhova T, Mulder PPJ, Heijmans J, Hoogenboom A, Agalou A, Michel C, Morel JB, Dreni L, Kater MM, Bouwmeester H, Wang M, Zhu Z, Ouwerkerk PBF. OsJAR1 is required for JA-regulated floret opening and anther dehiscence in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 86:19-33. [PMID: 24947835 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates are important phytohormones regulating reproductive development. We used two recessive rice Tos17 alleles of OsJAR1, osjar1-2 and osjar1-3, to study the biological function of jasmonates in rice anthesis. The florets of both osjar1 alleles stayed open during anthesis because the lodicules, which control flower opening in rice, were not withering on time. Furthermore, dehiscence of the anthers filled with viable pollen, was impaired, resulting in lower fertility. In situ hybridization and promoter GUS transgenic analysis confirmed OsJAR1 expression in these floral tissues. Flower opening induced by exogenous applied methyl jasmonate was impaired in osjar1 plants and was restored in a complementation experiment with transgenics expressing a wild type copy of OsJAR1 controlled by a rice actin promoter. Biochemical analysis showed that OsJAR1 encoded an enzyme conjugating jasmonic acid (JA) to at least Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Trp and Val and both osjar1 alleles had substantial reduction in content of JA-Ile, JA-Leu and JA-Val in florets. We conclude that OsJAR1 is a JA-amino acid synthetase that is required for optimal flower opening and closing and anther dehiscence in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Xiao
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
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