101
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Moh ESX, Packer NH. Enzymatic Azido-GalNAc-Functionalized Silk Fibroin for Click Chemistry Conjugation. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1752-1755. [PMID: 33765388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silk is a popular protein biomaterial that has been used for various purposes such as tissue scaffolding, textiles and hydrogels. Various methods for covalent conjugation of functional molecules such as small molecule sensors and enzymes have been developed to create functionalized silk biomaterials. Here, we report a method for silk functionalization by using O-GalNAc-transferases and azide-modified UDP-GalNAc nucleotide sugar substrates to incorporate azide functional groups onto the silk fibroin protein for functionalization with cycloalkynes by click chemistry. Using ppGalNAc-T1 and T13 enzymes, we could transfer azide-modified GalNAc monosaccharides onto fibroin and as a proof of concept, conjugated a strain-alkyne-functionalized Cy5 fluorophore to produce a Cy5-conjugated fibroin hydrogel. This facile azido functionalization of the silk has the potential for attachment of any cycloalkyne moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S X Moh
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
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102
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Idiago-López J, Moreno-Antolín E, de la Fuente JM, Fratila RM. Nanoparticles and bioorthogonal chemistry joining forces for improved biomedical applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1261-1292. [PMID: 36132873 PMCID: PMC9419263 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00873g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry comprises chemical reactions that can take place inside complex biological environments, providing outstanding tools for the investigation and elucidation of biological processes. Its use in combination with nanotechnology can lead to further developments in diverse areas of biomedicine, such as molecular bioimaging, targeted delivery, in situ drug activation, study of cell-nanomaterial interactions, biosensing, etc. Here, we summarise the recent efforts to bring together the unique properties of nanoparticles and the remarkable features of bioorthogonal reactions to create a toolbox of new or improved biomedical applications. We show how, by joining forces, bioorthogonal chemistry and nanotechnology can overcome some of the key current limitations in the field of nanomedicine, providing better, faster and more sensitive nanoparticle-based bioimaging and biosensing techniques, as well as therapeutic nanoplatforms with superior efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Idiago-López
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Spain
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Antolín
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Jesús M de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Spain
| | - Raluca M Fratila
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Spain
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103
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Li Y, Teng X, Yang C, Wang Y, Wang L, Dai Y, Sun H, Li J. Ultrasound Controlled Anti-Inflammatory Polarization of Platelet Decorated Microglia for Targeted Ischemic Stroke Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5083-5090. [PMID: 33259112 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a lethal cerebral disease with severe sequelae and high mortality. Microglia, the main immune cell in the cerebrum, possess therapeutic potential for strokes as its specific anti-inflammatory phenotype can reduce inflammation and promote neuron regeneration. However, the on-demand anti-inflammatory polarization of microglia at the stroke site is uncontrollable for therapeutic application. Here, we develop a platelet hybrid microglia platform which can specifically polarize to the anti-inflammatory phenotype by ultrasound irradiation for targeted cerebrum repair after stroke. The engineered microglia have strong adherence to the injured cerebral vessels with platelet membrane fusion and realize on-demand anti-inflammatory polarization with ultrasound-responsive IL-4 liposome decoration. The intravenously injected microglia platform showed anti-inflammatory polarization at the stroke site with insonation, and accelerated the M2-type polarization of endogenous microglia for long-term stroke recovery. Satisfied prognoses were achieved with reduced apoptosis, promoted neurogenesis, and functional recovery, indicating the implications of the microglia platform for stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xucong Teng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yongji Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yicong Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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104
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Li Y, Teng X, Yang C, Wang Y, Wang L, Dai Y, Sun H, Li J. Ultrasound Controlled Anti‐Inflammatory Polarization of Platelet Decorated Microglia for Targeted Ischemic Stroke Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xucong Teng
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yongji Wang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yicong Dai
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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105
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Wang SS, Solar VD, Yu X, Antonopoulos A, Friedman AE, Agarwal K, Garg M, Ahmed SM, Addhya A, Nasirikenari M, Lau JT, Dell A, Haslam SM, Sampathkumar SG, Neelamegham S. Efficient inhibition of O-glycan biosynthesis using the hexosamine analog Ac 5GalNTGc. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:699-710.e5. [PMID: 33609441 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a critical need to develop small-molecule inhibitors of mucin-type O-linked glycosylation. The best-known reagent currently is benzyl-GalNAc, but it is effective only at millimolar concentrations. This article demonstrates that Ac5GalNTGc, a peracetylated C-2 sulfhydryl-substituted GalNAc, fulfills this unmet need. When added to cultured leukocytes, breast cells, and prostate cells, Ac5GalNTGc increased cell-surface VVA binding by ∼10-fold, indicating truncation of O-glycan biosynthesis. Cytometry, mass spectrometry, and western blot analysis of HL-60 promyelocytes demonstrated that 50-80 μM Ac5GalNTGc prevented elaboration of 30%-60% of the O-glycans beyond the Tn-antigen (GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr) stage. The effect of the compound on N-glycans and glycosphingolipids was small. Glycan inhibition induced by Ac5GalNTGc resulted in 50%-80% reduction in leukocyte sialyl-Lewis X expression and L-/P-selectin-mediated rolling under flow conditions. Ac5GalNTGc was pharmacologically active in mouse. It reduced neutrophil infiltration to sites of inflammation by ∼60%. Overall, Ac5GalNTGc may find diverse applications as a potent inhibitor of O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuen-Shiuan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Virginia Del Solar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xinheng Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Alan E Friedman
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kavita Agarwal
- Laboratory of Chemical Glycobiology, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Monika Garg
- Laboratory of Chemical Glycobiology, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Syed Meheboob Ahmed
- Laboratory of Chemical Glycobiology, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ahana Addhya
- Laboratory of Chemical Glycobiology, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mehrab Nasirikenari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Joseph T Lau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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106
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Neufurth M, Wang X, Wang S, Schröder HC, Müller WEG. Caged Dexamethasone/Quercetin Nanoparticles, Formed of the Morphogenetic Active Inorganic Polyphosphate, are Strong Inducers of MUC5AC. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:64. [PMID: 33513822 PMCID: PMC7910845 DOI: 10.3390/md19020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a widely distributed polymer found from bacteria to animals, including marine species. This polymer exhibits morphogenetic as well as antiviral activity and releases metabolic energy after enzymatic hydrolysis also in human cells. In the pathogenesis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the platelets are at the frontline of this syndrome. Platelets release a set of molecules, among them polyP. In addition, the production of airway mucus, the first line of body defense, is impaired in those patients. Therefore, in this study, amorphous nanoparticles of the magnesium salt of polyP (Mg-polyP-NP), matching the size of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, were prepared and loaded with the secondary plant metabolite quercetin or with dexamethasone to study their effects on the respiratory epithelium using human alveolar basal epithelial A549 cells as a model. The results revealed that both compounds embedded into the polyP nanoparticles significantly increased the steady-state-expression of the MUC5AC gene. This mucin species is the major mucus glycoprotein present in the secreted gel-forming mucus. The level of gene expression caused by quercetin or with dexamethasone, if caged into polyP NP, is significantly higher compared to the individual drugs alone. Both quercetin and dexamethasone did not impair the growth-supporting effect of polyP on A549 cells even at concentrations of quercetin which are cytotoxic for the cells. A possible mechanism of the effects of the two drugs together with polyP on mucin expression is proposed based on the scavenging of free oxygen species and the generation of ADP/ATP from the polyP, which is needed for the organization of the protective mucin-based mucus layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (M.N.); (S.W.); (H.C.S.)
| | | | | | - Werner E. G. Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (M.N.); (S.W.); (H.C.S.)
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107
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Destito P, Vidal C, López F, Mascareñas JL. Transition Metal‐Promoted Reactions in Aqueous Media and Biological Settings. Chemistry 2021; 27:4789-4816. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Destito
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Cristian Vidal
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Fernando López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC) Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - José L. Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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108
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Narimatsu Y, Büll C, Chen YH, Wandall HH, Yang Z, Clausen H. Genetic glycoengineering in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100448. [PMID: 33617880 PMCID: PMC8042171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in nuclease-based gene-editing technologies have enabled precise, stable, and systematic genetic engineering of glycosylation capacities in mammalian cells, opening up a plethora of opportunities for studying the glycome and exploiting glycans in biomedicine. Glycoengineering using chemical, enzymatic, and genetic approaches has a long history, and precise gene editing provides a nearly unlimited playground for stable engineering of glycosylation in mammalian cells to explore and dissect the glycome and its many biological functions. Genetic engineering of glycosylation in cells also brings studies of the glycome to the single cell level and opens up wider use and integration of data in traditional omics workflows in cell biology. The last few years have seen new applications of glycoengineering in mammalian cells with perspectives for wider use in basic and applied glycosciences, and these have already led to discoveries of functions of glycans and improved designs of glycoprotein therapeutics. Here, we review the current state of the art of genetic glycoengineering in mammalian cells and highlight emerging opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christian Büll
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Hans H Wandall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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109
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Riley NM, Bertozzi CR, Pitteri SJ. A Pragmatic Guide to Enrichment Strategies for Mass Spectrometry-Based Glycoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 20:100029. [PMID: 33583771 PMCID: PMC8724846 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.002277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a prevalent, yet heterogeneous modification with a broad range of implications in molecular biology. This heterogeneity precludes enrichment strategies that can be universally beneficial for all glycan classes. Thus, choice of enrichment strategy has profound implications on experimental outcomes. Here we review common enrichment strategies used in modern mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomic experiments, including lectins and other affinity chromatographies, hydrophilic interaction chromatography and its derivatives, porous graphitic carbon, reversible and irreversible chemical coupling strategies, and chemical biology tools that often leverage bioorthogonal handles. Interest in glycoproteomics continues to surge as mass spectrometry instrumentation and software improve, so this review aims to help equip researchers with the necessary information to choose appropriate enrichment strategies that best complement these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Riley
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
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110
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Dold JEGA, Wittmann V. Metabolic Glycoengineering with Azide- and Alkene-Modified Hexosamines: Quantification of Sialic Acid Levels. Chembiochem 2020; 22:1243-1251. [PMID: 33180370 PMCID: PMC8048827 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) is an established method to incorporate chemical reporter groups into cellular glycans for subsequent bioorthogonal labeling. The method has found broad application for the visualization and isolation of glycans allowing their biological roles to be probed. Furthermore, targeting of drugs to cancer cells that present high concentrations of sialic acids on their surface is an attractive approach. We report the application of a labeling reaction using 1,2‐diamino‐4,5‐methylenedioxybenzene for the quantification of sialic acid derivates after MGE with various azide‐ and alkene‐modified ManNAc, GlcNAc, and GalNAc derivatives. We followed the time course of sialic acid production and were able to detect sialic acids modified with the chemical reporter group – not only after addition of ManNAc derivatives to the cell culture. A cyclopropane‐modified ManNAc derivative, being a model for the corresponding cyclopropene analog, which undergoes fast inverse‐electron‐demand Diels‐Alder reactions with 1,2,4,5‐tetrazines, resulted in the highest incorporation efficiency. Furthermore, we investigated whether feeding the cells with natural and unnatural ManNAc derivative results in increased levels of sialic acids and found that this is strongly dependent on the investigated cell type and cell fraction. For HEK 293T cells, a strong increase in free sialic acids in the cell interior was found, whereas cell‐surface sialic acid levels are only moderately increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias E. G. A. Dold
- University of KonstanzDepartment of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB)78457KonstanzGermany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- University of KonstanzDepartment of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB)78457KonstanzGermany
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111
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Stewart TJ, Takahashi K, Xu N, Prakash A, Brown R, Raska M, Renfrow MB, Novak J. Quantitative assessment of successive carbohydrate additions to the clustered O-glycosylation sites of IgA1 by glycosyltransferases. Glycobiology 2020; 31:540-556. [PMID: 33295603 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation occurs on many proteins that transit the Golgi apparatus. These glycans impact structure and function of many proteins and have important roles in cellular biosynthetic processes, signaling and differentiation. Although recent technological advances have enhanced our ability to profile glycosylation of glycoproteins, limitations in the understanding of the biosynthesis of these glycan structures remain. Some of these limitations stem from the difficulty to track the biosynthetic process of mucin-type O-glycosylation, especially when glycans occur in dense clusters in repeat regions of proteins, such as the mucins or immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1). Here, we describe a series of nano-liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) analyses that demonstrate the range of glycosyltransferase enzymatic activities involved in the biosynthesis of clustered O-glycans on IgA1. By utilizing nano-LC-MS relative quantitation of in vitro reaction products, our results provide unique insights into the biosynthesis of clustered IgA1 O-glycans. We have developed a workflow to determine glycoform-specific apparent rates of a human UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltrasnfersase (GalNAc-T EC 2.4.1.41) and demonstrated how pre-existing glycans affect subsequent activity of glycosyltransferases, such as core 1 galactosyltransferase and α2,3- and α2,6-specific sialyltransferases, in successive additions in the biosynthesis of clustered O-glycans. In the context of IgA1, these results have potential to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy, an autoimmune renal disease involving aberrant IgA1 O-glycosylation. In a broader sense, these methods and workflows are applicable to the studies of the concerted and competing functions of other glycosyltransferases that initiate and extend mucin-type core 1 clustered O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Stewart
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, BBRB 761A, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 720 20th Street South, KAUL 524, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Aichi, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, BBRB 761A, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nuo Xu
- Department of Management, Information Systems & Quantitative Methods, 710 13th Street South, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Amol Prakash
- Optys Tech Corporation, Shrewsbury, MA 01545, USA
| | - Rhubell Brown
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, BBRB 761A, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Palacky University and University Hospital, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 775 15, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 720 20th Street South, KAUL 524, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, BBRB 761A, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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112
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Porte K, Riberaud M, Châtre R, Audisio D, Papot S, Taran F. Bioorthogonal Reactions in Animals. Chembiochem 2020; 22:100-113. [PMID: 32935888 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The advent of bioorthogonal chemistry has led to the development of powerful chemical tools that enable increasingly ambitious applications. In particular, these tools have made it possible to achieve what is considered to be the holy grail of many researchers involved in chemical biology: to perform unnatural chemical reactions within living organisms. In this minireview, we present an update of bioorthogonal reactions that have been carried out in animals for various applications. We outline the advances made in the understanding of fundamental biological processes, and the development of innovative imaging and therapeutic strategies using bioorthogonal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Porte
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maxime Riberaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rémi Châtre
- Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), 86022, Poitiers, France) E-mail
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sébastien Papot
- Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), 86022, Poitiers, France) E-mail
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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113
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Shajahan A, Supekar NT, Wu H, Wands AM, Bhat G, Kalimurthy A, Matsubara M, Ranzinger R, Kohler JJ, Azadi P. Mass Spectrometric Method for the Unambiguous Profiling of Cellular Dynamic Glycosylation. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2692-2701. [PMID: 32809798 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Various biological processes at the cellular level are regulated by glycosylation which is a highly microheterogeneous post-translational modification (PTM) on proteins and lipids. The dynamic nature of glycosylation can be studied through metabolic incorporation of non-natural sugars into glycan epitopes and their detection using bio-orthogonal probes. However, this approach possesses a significant drawback due to nonspecific background reactions and ambiguity of non-natural sugar metabolism. Here, we report a probe-free strategy for their direct detection by glycoproteomics and glycomics using mass spectrometry (MS). The method dramatically simplifies the detection of non-natural functional group bearing monosaccharides installed through promiscuous sialic acid, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) biosynthetic pathways. Multistage enrichment of glycoproteins by cellular fractionation, subsequent ZIC-HILIC (zwitterionic-hydrophilic interaction chromatography) based glycopeptide enrichment, and a spectral enrichment algorithm for the MS data processing enabled direct detection of non-natural monosaccharides that are incorporated at low abundance on the N/O-glycopeptides along with their natural counterparts. Our approach allowed the detection of both natural and non-natural sugar bearing glycopeptides, N- and O-glycopeptides, differentiation of non-natural monosaccharide types on the glycans and also their incorporation efficiency through quantitation. Through this, we could deduce interconversion of monosaccharides during their processing through glycan salvage pathway and subsequent incorporation into glycan chains. The study of glycosylation dynamics through this method can be conducted in high throughput, as few sample processing steps are involved, enabling understanding of glycosylation dynamics under various external stimuli and thereby could bolster the use of metabolic glycan engineering in glycosylation functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Shajahan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Nitin T. Supekar
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Amberlyn M. Wands
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Ganapati Bhat
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Aravind Kalimurthy
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Masaaki Matsubara
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Rene Ranzinger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jennifer J. Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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114
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Debets MF, Tastan OY, Wisnovsky SP, Malaker SA, Angelis N, Moeckl LKR, Choi J, Flynn H, Wagner LJS, Bineva-Todd G, Antonopoulos A, Cioce A, Browne WM, Li Z, Briggs DC, Douglas HL, Hess GT, Agbay AJ, Roustan C, Kjaer S, Haslam SM, Snijders AP, Bassik MC, Moerner WE, Li VSW, Bertozzi CR, Schumann B. Metabolic precision labeling enables selective probing of O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine glycosylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25293-25301. [PMID: 32989128 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.23.057208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation events that happen early in the secretory pathway are often dysregulated during tumorigenesis. These events can be probed, in principle, by monosaccharides with bioorthogonal tags that would ideally be specific for distinct glycan subtypes. However, metabolic interconversion into other monosaccharides drastically reduces such specificity in the living cell. Here, we use a structure-based design process to develop the monosaccharide probe N-(S)-azidopropionylgalactosamine (GalNAzMe) that is specific for cancer-relevant Ser/Thr(O)-linked N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) glycosylation. By virtue of a branched N-acylamide side chain, GalNAzMe is not interconverted by epimerization to the corresponding N-acetylglucosamine analog by the epimerase N-acetylgalactosamine-4-epimerase (GALE) like conventional GalNAc-based probes. GalNAzMe enters O-GalNAc glycosylation but does not enter other major cell surface glycan types including Asn(N)-linked glycans. We transfect cells with the engineered pyrophosphorylase mut-AGX1 to biosynthesize the nucleotide-sugar donor uridine diphosphate (UDP)-GalNAzMe from a sugar-1-phosphate precursor. Tagged with a bioorthogonal azide group, GalNAzMe serves as an O-glycan-specific reporter in superresolution microscopy, chemical glycoproteomics, a genome-wide CRISPR-knockout (CRISPR-KO) screen, and imaging of intestinal organoids. Additional ectopic expression of an engineered glycosyltransferase, "bump-and-hole" (BH)-GalNAc-T2, boosts labeling in a programmable fashion by increasing incorporation of GalNAzMe into the cell surface glycoproteome. Alleviating the need for GALE-KO cells in metabolic labeling experiments, GalNAzMe is a precision tool that allows a detailed view into the biology of a major type of cancer-relevant protein glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjoke F Debets
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Omur Y Tastan
- The Chemical Glycobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stacy A Malaker
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Nikolaos Angelis
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Junwon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Helen Flynn
- Proteomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren J S Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Ganka Bineva-Todd
- The Chemical Glycobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
- Peptide Chemistry Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna Cioce
- The Chemical Glycobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - William M Browne
- The Chemical Glycobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhen Li
- The Chemical Glycobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - David C Briggs
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Holly L Douglas
- Mycobacterial Metabolism and Antibiotic Research Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaelen T Hess
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Anthony J Agbay
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Chloe Roustan
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Svend Kjaer
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Proteomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - W E Moerner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Vivian S W Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Benjamin Schumann
- The Chemical Glycobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom;
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
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115
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Metabolic precision labeling enables selective probing of O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine glycosylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25293-25301. [PMID: 32989128 PMCID: PMC7568240 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007297117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation events that happen early in the secretory pathway are often dysregulated during tumorigenesis. These events can be probed, in principle, by monosaccharides with bioorthogonal tags that would ideally be specific for distinct glycan subtypes. However, metabolic interconversion into other monosaccharides drastically reduces such specificity in the living cell. Here, we use a structure-based design process to develop the monosaccharide probe N-(S)-azidopropionylgalactosamine (GalNAzMe) that is specific for cancer-relevant Ser/Thr(O)-linked N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) glycosylation. By virtue of a branched N-acylamide side chain, GalNAzMe is not interconverted by epimerization to the corresponding N-acetylglucosamine analog by the epimerase N-acetylgalactosamine-4-epimerase (GALE) like conventional GalNAc-based probes. GalNAzMe enters O-GalNAc glycosylation but does not enter other major cell surface glycan types including Asn(N)-linked glycans. We transfect cells with the engineered pyrophosphorylase mut-AGX1 to biosynthesize the nucleotide-sugar donor uridine diphosphate (UDP)-GalNAzMe from a sugar-1-phosphate precursor. Tagged with a bioorthogonal azide group, GalNAzMe serves as an O-glycan-specific reporter in superresolution microscopy, chemical glycoproteomics, a genome-wide CRISPR-knockout (CRISPR-KO) screen, and imaging of intestinal organoids. Additional ectopic expression of an engineered glycosyltransferase, "bump-and-hole" (BH)-GalNAc-T2, boosts labeling in a programmable fashion by increasing incorporation of GalNAzMe into the cell surface glycoproteome. Alleviating the need for GALE-KO cells in metabolic labeling experiments, GalNAzMe is a precision tool that allows a detailed view into the biology of a major type of cancer-relevant protein glycosylation.
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116
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Xie Y, Fang Y, Huang Z, Tallon AM, am Ende CW, Fox JM. Divergent Synthesis of Monosubstituted and Unsymmetrical 3,6‐Disubstituted Tetrazines from Carboxylic Ester Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Yinzhi Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Zhen Huang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development 1 Portland Street Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Amanda M. Tallon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | | | - Joseph M. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
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117
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Xie Y, Fang Y, Huang Z, Tallon AM, Am Ende CW, Fox JM. Divergent Synthesis of Monosubstituted and Unsymmetrical 3,6-Disubstituted Tetrazines from Carboxylic Ester Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16967-16973. [PMID: 32559350 PMCID: PMC7733736 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Since tetrazines are important tools to the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, there is a need for new approaches to synthesize unsymmetrical and 3-monosubstituted tetrazines. Described here is a general, one-pot method for converting (3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl carboxylic esters into 3-thiomethyltetrazines. These versatile intermediates were applied to the synthesis of unsymmetrical tetrazines through Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling and in the first catalytic thioether reduction to access monosubstituted tetrazines. This method enables the development of new tetrazine compounds possessing a favorable combination of kinetics, small size, and hydrophilicity. It was applied to a broad range of aliphatic and aromatic ester precursors and to the synthesis of heterocycles including BODIPY fluorophores and biotin. In addition, a series of tetrazine probes for monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) were synthesized and the most reactive one was applied to the labeling of endogenous MAGL in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Yinzhi Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Zhen Huang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amanda M Tallon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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118
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Keller S, Liedek A, Shendi D, Bach M, Tovar GEM, Kluger PJ, Southan A. Eclectic characterisation of chemically modified cell-derived matrices obtained by metabolic glycoengineering and re-assessment of commonly used methods. RSC Adv 2020; 10:35273-35286. [PMID: 35515672 PMCID: PMC9056897 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06819e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Azide-bearing cell-derived extracellular matrices ("clickECMs") have emerged as a highly exciting new class of biomaterials. They conserve substantial characteristics of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and offer simultaneously small abiotic functional groups that enable bioorthogonal bioconjugation reactions. Despite their attractiveness, investigation of their biomolecular composition is very challenging due to the insoluble and highly complex nature of cell-derived matrices (CDMs). Yet, thorough qualitative and quantitative analysis of the overall material composition, organisation, localisation, and distribution of typical ECM-specific biomolecules is essential for consistent advancement of CDMs and the understanding of the prospective functions of the developed biomaterial. In this study, we evaluated frequently used methods for the analysis of complex CDMs. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and (immune)histochemical staining methods in combination with several microscopic techniques were found to be highly eligible. Commercially available colorimetric protein assays turned out to deliver inaccurate information on CDMs. In contrast, we determined the nitrogen content of CDMs by elementary analysis and converted it into total protein content using conversion factors which were calculated from matching amino acid compositions. The amount of insoluble collagens was assessed based on the hydroxyproline content. The Sircol™ assay was identified as a suitable method to quantify soluble collagens while the Blyscan™ assay was found to be well-suited for the quantification of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs). Eventually, we propose a series of suitable methods to reliably characterise the biomolecular composition of fibroblast-derived clickECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Keller
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart Nobelstraße 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany .,Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Nobelstraße 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Anke Liedek
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart Nobelstraße 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Dalia Shendi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA
| | - Monika Bach
- University of Hohenheim, Core Facility, Module 3: Analytical Chemistry Unit Emil-Wolff-Str. 12 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Günter E M Tovar
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart Nobelstraße 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany .,Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Nobelstraße 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Petra J Kluger
- School of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University Alteburgstraße 150 72762 Reutlingen Germany
| | - Alexander Southan
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart Nobelstraße 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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119
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Taking advantage of cellular uptake of ferritin nanocages for targeted drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 325:176-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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120
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Schjoldager KT, Clausen H, Hurtado-Guerrero R. A Bump-and-Hole Approach to Dissect Regulation of Protein O-Glycosylation. Mol Cell 2020; 78:803-805. [PMID: 32502418 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Molecular Cell, Schumann et al. (2020) present a novel strategy to dissect the regulation of protein O-glycosylation by a large family of isoenzymes in cells. They employ a bump-and-hole engineering approach to capture the specific contribution of individual isoenzymes to O-glycosylation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine T Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark; BIFI, University of Zaragoza, Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, Spain.
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121
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Li Y, Fu H. Bioorthogonal Ligations and Cleavages in Chemical Biology. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:835-853. [PMID: 32817809 PMCID: PMC7426781 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioorthogonal reactions including the bioorthogonal ligations and cleavages have become an active field of research in chemical biology, and they play important roles in chemical modification and functional regulation of biomolecules. This review summarizes the developments and applications of the representative bioorthogonal reactions including the Staudinger reactions, the metal-mediated bioorthogonal reactions, the strain-promoted cycloadditions, the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions, the light-triggered bioorthogonal reactions, and the reactions of chloroquinoxalines and ortho-dithiophenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Hua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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122
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Wang P, Xue T, Sheng A, Cheng L, Zhang J. Application of Chemoselective Ligation in Biosensing. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:170-193. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1791044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiang Xue
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Anzhi Sheng
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Liangfen Cheng
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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123
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Li Z, Zhang Q, Ashline D, Zhu Y, Lasanajak Y, Chernova T, Reinhold V, Cummings RD, Wang PG, Ju T, Smith DF, Song X. Amplification and Preparation of Cellular O-Glycomes for Functional Glycomics. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10390-10401. [PMID: 32539345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycans play key roles in many cellular processes, and they are often altered in human diseases. A major challenge in studying the role of O-glycans through functional O-glycomics is the absence of a complete repertoire of the glycans that comprise the human O-glycome. Here we describe a cellular O-glycome preparation strategy, Preparative Cellular O-Glycome Reporter/Amplification (pCORA), that introduces 4-N3-Bn-GalNAc(Ac)3 as a novel precursor in large-scale cell cultures to generate usable amounts of O-glycans as a potential O-glycome factory. Cultured human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells take up the precursor, which is extended by cellular glycosyltransferases to produce 4-N3-Bn-α-O-glycans that are secreted into the culture medium. The O-glycan derivatives can be clicked with a fluorescent bifunctional tag that allows multidimensional HPLC purification and production of a tagged glycan library, representing the O-glycome of the corresponding cells. We obtained ∼5% conversion of precursor to O-glycans and purified a tagged O-glycan library of over 100 O-glycan derivatives, many of which were present in >100 nmol amounts and were sequenced by sequential MS fragmentation (MSn). These O-glycans were successfully printed onto epoxy glass slides as an O-glycome shotgun microarray. We used this novel array to explore binding activity of serum IgM in healthy persons and NSCLC patients at different cancer stages. This novel strategy provides access to complex O-glycans in significant quantities and may offer a new route to discovery of potential diagnostic disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 33 Gilmer Street SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - David Ashline
- College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Road, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | | | | | | | - Vernon Reinhold
- College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Road, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Peng G Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 33 Gilmer Street SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10001 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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124
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Boase NRB. Shining a Light on Bioorthogonal Photochemistry for Polymer Science. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000305. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. B. Boase
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
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125
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Keller S, Wörgötter K, Liedek A, Kluger PJ, Bach M, Tovar GEM, Southan A. Azide-Functional Extracellular Matrix Coatings as a Bioactive Platform for Bioconjugation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26868-26879. [PMID: 32426964 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the development and application of decellularized extracellular matrices (ECMs) for use as biomaterials have grown rapidly. These cell-derived matrices (CDMs) represent highly bioactive and biocompatible materials consisting of a complex assembly of biomolecules. Even though CDMs mimic the natural microenvironment of cells in vivo very closely, they still lack specifically addressable functional groups, which are often required to tailor a biomaterial functionality by bioconjugation. To overcome this limitation, metabolic glycoengineering has emerged as a powerful tool to equip CDMs with chemical groups such as azides. These small chemical handles are known for their ability to undergo bioorthogonal click reactions, which represent a desirable reaction type for bioconjugation. However, ECM insolubility makes its processing very challenging. In this contribution, we isolated both the unmodified ECM and azide-modified clickECM by osmotic lysis. In a first step, these matrices were concentrated to remove excessive water from the decellularization step. Next, the hydrogel-like ECM and clickECM films were mechanically fragmentized, resulting in easy to pipette suspensions with fragment sizes ranging from 7.62 to 31.29 μm (as indicated by the mean d90 and d10 values). The biomolecular composition was not impaired as proven by immunohistochemistry. The suspensions were used for the reproducible generation of surface coatings, which proved to be homogeneous in terms of ECM fragment sizes and coating thicknesses (the mean coating thickness was found to be 33.2 ± 7.3 μm). Furthermore, they were stable against fluid-mechanical abrasion in a laminar flow cell. When primary human fibroblasts were cultured on the coated substrates, an increased bioactivity was observed. By conjugating the azides within the clickECM coatings with alkyne-coupled biotin molecules, a bioconjugation platform was obtained, where the biotin-streptavidin interaction could be used. Its applicability was demonstrated by equipping the bioactive clickECM coatings with horseradish peroxidase as a model enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Keller
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharina Wörgötter
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anke Liedek
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Petra J Kluger
- School of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Monika Bach
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Günter E M Tovar
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Southan
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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126
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Schumann B, Malaker SA, Wisnovsky SP, Debets MF, Agbay AJ, Fernandez D, Wagner LJS, Lin L, Li Z, Choi J, Fox DM, Peh J, Gray MA, Pedram K, Kohler JJ, Mrksich M, Bertozzi CR. Bump-and-Hole Engineering Identifies Specific Substrates of Glycosyltransferases in Living Cells. Mol Cell 2020. [PMID: 32325029 DOI: 10.1016/jmolcel.2020.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Studying posttranslational modifications classically relies on experimental strategies that oversimplify the complex biosynthetic machineries of living cells. Protein glycosylation contributes to essential biological processes, but correlating glycan structure, underlying protein, and disease-relevant biosynthetic regulation is currently elusive. Here, we engineer living cells to tag glycans with editable chemical functionalities while providing information on biosynthesis, physiological context, and glycan fine structure. We introduce a non-natural substrate biosynthetic pathway and use engineered glycosyltransferases to incorporate chemically tagged sugars into the cell surface glycome of the living cell. We apply the strategy to a particularly redundant yet disease-relevant human glycosyltransferase family, the polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases. This approach bestows a gain-of-chemical-functionality modification on cells, where the products of individual glycosyltransferases can be selectively characterized or manipulated to understand glycan contribution to major physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schumann
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chemical Glycobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Fernandez
- Stanford ChEM-H Macromolecular Structure Knowledge Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Liang Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Chemical Glycobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Junwon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Jessie Peh
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Melissa Anne Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kayvon Pedram
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer Jean Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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127
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Schumann B, Malaker SA, Wisnovsky SP, Debets MF, Agbay AJ, Fernandez D, Wagner LJS, Lin L, Li Z, Choi J, Fox DM, Peh J, Gray MA, Pedram K, Kohler JJ, Mrksich M, Bertozzi CR. Bump-and-Hole Engineering Identifies Specific Substrates of Glycosyltransferases in Living Cells. Mol Cell 2020; 78:824-834.e15. [PMID: 32325029 PMCID: PMC7276986 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studying posttranslational modifications classically relies on experimental strategies that oversimplify the complex biosynthetic machineries of living cells. Protein glycosylation contributes to essential biological processes, but correlating glycan structure, underlying protein, and disease-relevant biosynthetic regulation is currently elusive. Here, we engineer living cells to tag glycans with editable chemical functionalities while providing information on biosynthesis, physiological context, and glycan fine structure. We introduce a non-natural substrate biosynthetic pathway and use engineered glycosyltransferases to incorporate chemically tagged sugars into the cell surface glycome of the living cell. We apply the strategy to a particularly redundant yet disease-relevant human glycosyltransferase family, the polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases. This approach bestows a gain-of-chemical-functionality modification on cells, where the products of individual glycosyltransferases can be selectively characterized or manipulated to understand glycan contribution to major physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schumann
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chemical Glycobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Fernandez
- Stanford ChEM-H Macromolecular Structure Knowledge Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Liang Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Chemical Glycobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Junwon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Jessie Peh
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Melissa Anne Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kayvon Pedram
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer Jean Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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128
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Tang F, Zhou M, Qin K, Shi W, Yashinov A, Yang Y, Yang L, Guan D, Zhao L, Tang Y, Chang Y, Zhao L, Yang H, Zhou H, Huang R, Huang W. Selective N-glycan editing on living cell surfaces to probe glycoconjugate function. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:766-775. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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129
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Ho PY, Ho CL, Wong WY. Recent advances of iridium(III) metallophosphors for health-related applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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130
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Xu Z, Ku X, Tomioka A, Xie W, Liang T, Zou X, Cui Y, Sato T, Kaji H, Narimatsu H, Yan W, Zhang Y. O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine modification is present on the tumor suppressor p53. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129635. [PMID: 32417172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucin-type O-glycosylation (referred to as O-GalNAc glycosylation) is the most abundant O-glycosylation on membrane and secretory proteins. Recently several evidences suggest that nuclear or cytoplasmic proteins might also have O-GalNAc glycosylation. However, what nucleocytoplasmic proteins are O-GalNAc glycosylated and what the biological function of this modification in cells are still poorly understood. Previously, we reported the tumor suppressor p53 could be O-GalNAc glycosylated in vitro. To investigate the existence and function of O-GalNAc glycosylation on nucleocytoplasmic proteins in cell, p53 as a representative nucleocytoplasmic protein was studied. METHODS Using lectin blotting with GalNAc specific lectins, enzymatic treatments with O-GlcNAcase, core 1 β1, 3-galactosyltransferase and O-glycosidase, and metabolic labeling with un-O-acetylated GalNAz in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase (GALE) knockout cells, we validated the O-GalNAc glycosylation on p53. Using mass spectrometry analysis and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified the glycosylated sites and studied the functions of O-GalNAc glycosylation on p53. RESULTS The p53 was O-GalNAc glycosylated in cells. Ser121 residue was one of the glycosylated sites on p53. The O-GalNAc glycosylation at Ser121 was associated with the stability and activity of p53. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed that the O-GalNAc glycosylation was a novel modification on p53. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our study provided a pilot evidence that the O-GalNAc glycosylation existed on nucleocytoplasmic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Ku
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Azusa Tomioka
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Wenxian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xia Zou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yalu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Takashi Sato
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaji
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan; SCSB (China)-AIST (Japan) Joint Medical Glycomics Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; SCSB (China)-AIST (Japan) Joint Medical Glycomics Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
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131
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Bednarek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ilona Wehl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nicole Jung
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems—Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems—Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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132
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Sharba S, Venkatakrishnan V, Padra M, Winther M, Gabl M, Sundqvist M, Wang J, Forsman H, Linden SK. Formyl peptide receptor 2 orchestrates mucosal protection against Citrobacter rodentium infection. Virulence 2020; 10:610-624. [PMID: 31234710 PMCID: PMC6629182 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1635417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrobacter rodentium is an attaching and effacing intestinal murine pathogen which shares similar virulence strategies with the human pathogens enteropathogenic- and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli to infect their host. C. rodentium is spontaneously cleared by healthy wild-type (WT) mice whereas mice lacking Muc2 or specific immune regulatory genes demonstrate an impaired ability to combat the pathogen. Here we demonstrate that apical formyl peptide receptor 2 (Fpr2) expression increases in colonic epithelial cells during C. rodentium infection. Using a conventional inoculum dose of C. rodentium, both WT and Fpr2−/− mice were infected and displayed similar signs of disease, although Fpr2−/− mice recovered more slowly than WT mice. However, Fpr2−/− mice exhibited increased susceptibility to C. rodentium colonization in response to low dose infection: 100% of the Fpr2−/− and 30% of the WT mice became colonized and Fpr2−/− mice developed more severe colitis and more C. rodentium were in contact with the colonic epithelial cells. In line with the larger amount of C. rodentium detected in the spleen in Fpr2−/− mice, more C. rodentium and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli translocated across an in vitro mucosal surface to the basolateral compartment following FPR2 inhibitor treatment. Fpr2−/− mice also lacked the striated inner mucus layer that was present in WT mice. Fpr2−/− mice had decreased mucus production and different mucin O-glycosylation in the colon compared to WT mice, which may contribute to their defect inner mucus layer. Thus, Fpr2 contributes to protection against infection and influence mucus production, secretion and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharba
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Sahlgrenska Academy , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - V Venkatakrishnan
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Sahlgrenska Academy , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - M Padra
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Sahlgrenska Academy , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - M Winther
- b Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research , Sahlgrenska Academy , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - M Gabl
- b Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research , Sahlgrenska Academy , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - M Sundqvist
- b Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research , Sahlgrenska Academy , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - J Wang
- c Cancer and Inflammation Program , National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD , USA
| | - H Forsman
- b Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research , Sahlgrenska Academy , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - S K Linden
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Sahlgrenska Academy , Gothenburg , Sweden
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133
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Daughtry JL, Cao W, Ye J, Baskin JM. Clickable Galactose Analogues for Imaging Glycans in Developing Zebrafish. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:318-324. [PMID: 31976645 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Galactose is one of only nine monosaccharide precursors used to build complex glycans in vertebrates. Defects in galactose metabolism cause galactosemia and lysosomal storage diseases, and the ability to visualize metabolic flux through these pathways would help to understand mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis. Bioorthogonal metabolic reporters are widely used tools to image glycan biosynthesis; however, to date, no galactose analogues have capitalized on this strategy. We demonstrate that the galactose salvage pathway is remarkably intolerant of unnatural galactose and galactose-1-phosphate analogues. Subtle modifications to uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-Gal), which is the universal donor for galactosyltransferases, however, yielded effective metabolic probes for labeling glycans in vivo. We applied 6-alkynyl UDP-Gal, followed by click chemistry tagging, to visualize glycosylation during zebrafish development, revealing a striking accumulation into glycan-rich ridges within the organism's enveloping layer. UDP-Gal analogues represent a new class of glycan metabolic probes for revealing physiological and pathological changes in glycosylation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Daughtry
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, 461 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wendy Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, 461 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Johnny Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, 461 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Baskin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, 461 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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134
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Parker CG, Pratt MR. Click Chemistry in Proteomic Investigations. Cell 2020; 180:605-632. [PMID: 32059777 PMCID: PMC7087397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in genetic and proteomic techniques, a complete portrait of the proteome and its complement of dynamic interactions and modifications remains a lofty, and as of yet, unrealized, objective. Specifically, traditional biological and analytical approaches have not been able to address key questions relating to the interactions of proteins with small molecules, including drugs, drug candidates, metabolites, or protein post-translational modifications (PTMs). Fortunately, chemists have bridged this experimental gap through the creation of bioorthogonal reactions. These reactions allow for the incorporation of chemical groups with highly selective reactivity into small molecules or protein modifications without perturbing their biological function, enabling the selective installation of an analysis tag for downstream investigations. The introduction of chemical strategies to parse and enrich subsets of the "functional" proteome has empowered mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods to delve more deeply and precisely into the biochemical state of cells and its perturbations by small molecules. In this Primer, we discuss how one of the most versatile bioorthogonal reactions, "click chemistry", has been exploited to overcome limitations of biological approaches to enable the selective marking and functional investigation of critical protein-small-molecule interactions and PTMs in native biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Parker
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| | - Matthew R Pratt
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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135
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Wang L, Zhang J, Zhao J, Yu P, Wang S, Hu H, Wang R. Recent synthesis of functionalized s-tetrazines and their application in ligation reactions under physiological conditions: a concise overview. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2020.1726009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan City, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jizhong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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136
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Soares da Costa D, Sousa JC, Dá Mesquita S, Petkova-Yankova NI, Marques F, Reis RL, Sousa N, Pashkuleva I. Bioorthogonal Labeling Reveals Different Expression of Glycans in Mouse Hippocampal Neuron Cultures during Their Development. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040795. [PMID: 32059500 PMCID: PMC7070308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of different glycans at the cell surface dictates cell interactions with their environment and other cells, being crucial for the cell fate. The development of the central nervous system is associated with tremendous changes in the cell glycome that is tightly regulated. Herein, we have employed bioorthogonal Cu-free click chemistry to image temporal distribution of different glycans in live mouse hippocampal neurons during their maturation in vitro. We show development-dependent glycan patterns with increased fucose and decreased mannose expression at the end of the maturation process. We also demonstrate that this approach is biocompatible and does not affect glycan transport although it relies on an administration of modified glycans. The applicability of this strategy to tissue sections unlocks new opportunities to study the glycan dynamics under more complex physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Soares da Costa
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (N.I.P.-Y.); (R.L.R.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.d.C.); (I.P.)
| | - João C. Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sandro Dá Mesquita
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nevena I. Petkova-Yankova
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (N.I.P.-Y.); (R.L.R.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (N.I.P.-Y.); (R.L.R.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (N.I.P.-Y.); (R.L.R.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.d.C.); (I.P.)
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137
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Li Y, Lou Z, Li H, Yang H, Zhao Y, Fu H. Bioorthogonal Ligation and Cleavage by Reactions of Chloroquinoxalines with
ortho
‐Dithiophenols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhenbang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hongyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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138
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Bioorthogonal Ligation and Cleavage by Reactions of Chloroquinoxalines with
ortho
‐Dithiophenols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3671-3677. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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139
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Williams DA, Pradhan K, Paul A, Olin IR, Tuck OT, Moulton KD, Kulkarni SS, Dube DH. Metabolic inhibitors of bacterial glycan biosynthesis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1761-1774. [PMID: 34123271 PMCID: PMC8148367 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05955e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial cell wall is a quintessential drug target due to its critical role in colonization of the host, pathogen survival, and immune evasion. The dense cell wall glycocalyx contains distinctive monosaccharides that are absent from human cells, and proper assembly of monosaccharides into higher-order glycans is critical for bacterial fitness and pathogenesis. However, the systematic study and inhibition of bacterial glycosylation enzymes remains challenging. Bacteria produce glycans containing rare deoxy amino sugars refractory to traditional glycan analysis, complicating the study of bacterial glycans and the creation of glycosylation inhibitors. To ease the study of bacterial glycan function in the absence of detailed structural or enzyme information, we crafted metabolic inhibitors based on rare bacterial monosaccharide scaffolds. Metabolic inhibitors were assessed for their ability to interfere with glycan biosynthesis and fitness in pathogenic and symbiotic bacterial species. Three metabolic inhibitors led to dramatic structural and functional defects in Helicobacter pylori. Strikingly, these inhibitors acted in a bacteria-selective manner. These metabolic inhibitors will provide a platform for systematic study of bacterial glycosylation enzymes not currently possible with existing tools. Moreover, their selectivity will provide a pathway for the development of novel, narrow-spectrum antibiotics to treat infectious disease. Our inhibition approach is general and will expedite the identification of bacterial glycan biosynthesis inhibitors in a range of systems, expanding the glycochemistry toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Williams
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College 6600 College Station Brunswick ME 04011 USA
| | - Kabita Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Ankita Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Ilana R Olin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College 6600 College Station Brunswick ME 04011 USA
| | - Owen T Tuck
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College 6600 College Station Brunswick ME 04011 USA
| | - Karen D Moulton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College 6600 College Station Brunswick ME 04011 USA
| | - Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Danielle H Dube
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College 6600 College Station Brunswick ME 04011 USA
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140
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Guo J, Zhang G, Ma J, Zhao C, Xue Q, Wang J, Liu W, Liu K, Wang H, Liu N, Song Q, Li J. Detection and identification of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins using 6-azido-6-deoxy-N-acetyl-galactosamine. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4326-4334. [PMID: 30976765 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An unnatural monosaccharide with a C6-azide, Ac36AzGalNAc, has been developed as a potent and selective probe for O-GlcNAc-modified proteins. Combined with click chemistry, we demonstrate that Ac36AzGalNAc can robustly label O-GlcNAc glycosylation in a wide range of cell lines. Meanwhile, cell imaging and LC-MS/MS proteomics verify its selective activity on O-GlcNAc. More importantly, the protocol presented here provides a general methodology for tracking, capturing and identifying unnatural monosaccharide modified proteins in cells or cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshuang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
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141
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Li Y, Qin H, Ye M. An overview on enrichment methods for cell surface proteome profiling. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:292-312. [PMID: 31521063 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface proteins are essential for many important biological processes, including cell-cell interactions, signal transduction, and molecular transportation. With the characteristics of low abundance, high hydrophobicity, and high heterogeneity, it is difficult to get a comprehensive view of cell surface proteome by direct analysis. Thus, it is important to selectively enrich the cell surface proteins before liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis. In recent years, a variety of enrichment methods have been developed. Based on the separation mechanism, these methods could be mainly classified into three types. The first type is based on their difference in the physicochemical property, such as size, density, charge, and hydrophobicity. The second one is based on the bimolecular affinity interaction with lectin or antibody. And the third type is based on the chemical covalent coupling to free side groups of surface-exposed proteins or carbohydrate chains, such as primary amines, carboxyl groups, glycan side chains. In addition, metabolic labeling and enzymatic reaction-based methods have also been employed to selectively isolate cell surface proteins. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the enrichment methods for cell surface proteome profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
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142
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Sabatino V, Rebelein JG, Ward TR. "Close-to-Release": Spontaneous Bioorthogonal Uncaging Resulting from Ring-Closing Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17048-17052. [PMID: 31503474 PMCID: PMC6823642 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Bioorthogonal uncaging reactions
offer versatile tools in chemical
biology. In recent years, reactions have been developed to proceed
efficiently under physiological conditions. We present herein an uncaging
reaction that results from ring-closing metathesis (RCM). A caged
molecule, tethered to a diolefinic substrate, is released via spontaneous
1,4-elimination following RCM. Using this strategy, which we term
“close-to-release”, we show that drugs and fluorescent
probes are uncaged with fast rates, including in the presence of mammalian
cells or in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. We envision that this tool may find applications in chemical biology,
bioengineering and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Sabatino
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Building 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Biopark Rosental , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Johannes G Rebelein
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Building 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Biopark Rosental , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Building 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Biopark Rosental , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
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143
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Choi J, Wagner LJS, Timmermans SBPE, Malaker SA, Schumann B, Gray MA, Debets MF, Takashima M, Gehring J, Bertozzi CR. Engineering Orthogonal Polypeptide GalNAc-Transferase and UDP-Sugar Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13442-13453. [PMID: 31373799 PMCID: PMC6813768 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
O-Linked α-N-acetylgalactosamine (O-GalNAc) glycans constitute a major part of the human glycome. They are difficult to study because of the complex interplay of 20 distinct glycosyltransferase isoenzymes that initiate this form of glycosylation, the polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts). Despite proven disease relevance, correlating the activity of individual GalNAc-Ts with biological function remains challenging due to a lack of tools to probe their substrate specificity in a complex biological environment. Here, we develop a "bump-hole" chemical reporter system for studying GalNAc-T activity in vitro. Individual GalNAc-Ts were rationally engineered to contain an enlarged active site (hole) and probed with a newly synthesized collection of 20 (bumped) uridine diphosphate N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) analogs to identify enzyme-substrate pairs that retain peptide specificities but are otherwise completely orthogonal to native enzyme-substrate pairs. The approach was applicable to multiple GalNAc-T isoenzymes, including GalNAc-T1 and -T2 that prefer nonglycosylated peptide substrates and GalNAcT-10 that prefers a preglycosylated peptide substrate. A detailed investigation of enzyme kinetics and specificities revealed the robustness of the approach to faithfully report on GalNAc-T activity and paves the way for studying substrate specificities in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Lauren J. S. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Suzanne B. P. E. Timmermans
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Stacy A. Malaker
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Benjamin Schumann
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Melissa A. Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Marjoke F. Debets
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Megumi Takashima
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jase Gehring
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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144
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Wang H, Liu Y, Xu M, Cheng J. Azido-galactose outperforms azido-mannose for metabolic labeling and targeting of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4166-4173. [PMID: 31368459 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00898e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering of unnatural monosaccharides provides a facile method to label cancer cells with chemical tags for glycan imaging and cancer targeting. Multiple types of monosaccharides have been utilized for metabolic cell labeling. However, the comparison of different types of monosaccharides in labeling efficiency and selectivity has not been reported. In this study, we compared N-azidoacetylgalactosamine (GalAz) and N-azidoacetylmannosamine (ManAz) for metabolic labeling of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. GalAz showed higher labeling efficiency at low concentrations, and outperformed ManAz in metabolic labeling of HepG2 tumors in vivo. GalAz mediated labeling of HepG2 tumors with azido groups significantly improved the tumor accumulation of dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-Cy5 and DBCO-doxorubicin conjugate via efficient Click chemistry. This study, for the first time, uncovered the distinct labeling efficiency and selectivity of different unnatural monosaccharides in liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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145
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Xiao H, Sun F, Suttapitugsakul S, Wu R. Global and site-specific analysis of protein glycosylation in complex biological systems with Mass Spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:356-379. [PMID: 30605224 PMCID: PMC6610820 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is ubiquitous in biological systems and plays essential roles in many cellular events. Global and site-specific analysis of glycoproteins in complex biological samples can advance our understanding of glycoprotein functions and cellular activities. However, it is extraordinarily challenging because of the low abundance of many glycoproteins and the heterogeneity of glycan structures. The emergence of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has provided us an excellent opportunity to comprehensively study proteins and their modifications, including glycosylation. In this review, we first summarize major methods for glycopeptide/glycoprotein enrichment, followed by the chemical and enzymatic methods to generate a mass tag for glycosylation site identification. We next discuss the systematic and quantitative analysis of glycoprotein dynamics. Reversible protein glycosylation is dynamic, and systematic study of glycoprotein dynamics helps us gain insight into glycoprotein functions. The last part of this review focuses on the applications of MS-based proteomics to study glycoproteins in different biological systems, including yeasts, plants, mice, human cells, and clinical samples. Intact glycopeptide analysis is also included in this section. Because of the importance of glycoproteins in complex biological systems, the field of glycoproteomics will continue to grow in the next decade. Innovative and effective MS-based methods will exponentially advance glycoscience, and enable us to identify glycoproteins as effective biomarkers for disease detection and drug targets for disease treatment. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 9999: XX-XX, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332 Georgia
| | - Fangxu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332 Georgia
| | - Suttipong Suttapitugsakul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332 Georgia
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332 Georgia
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146
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Sun F, Wu R. Systematic and site-specific analysis of N-glycoproteins on the cell surface by integrating bioorthogonal chemistry and MS-based proteomics. Methods Enzymol 2019; 626:223-247. [PMID: 31606076 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins on the cell surface are essential for various cellular activities including cell-cell communication and cell-matrix interaction. Alterations of glycosylation are correlated with many diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases. However, it is greatly challenging to systematically and site-specially analyze glycoproteins only located on cell surface because of the heterogeneity of glycans, the low abundance of many surface glycoproteins and the requirement of effective methods to separate surface glycoproteins. In this chapter, we briefly review existing mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods for global analysis of surface glycoproteins. Then we discuss an effective method integrating metabolic labeling, click and enzymatic reactions, and MS-based proteomics to comprehensively and site-specifically investigate cell surface N-glycoproteins. A detailed protocol for this method is also included. In combination with quantitative proteomics, we applied this method to quantify cell surface N-glycoproteins and study the relationship between cell invasiveness and N-sialoglycoproteins on the cell surface. Considering the importance of surface glycoproteins, this method can be extensively applied to advance glycoscience, which leads to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of human diseases, and the discovery of surface glycoproteins as biomarkers for disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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147
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Li W, Zou J, Zhu S, Mao X, Tian H, Wang X. Fluorodibenzocyclooctynes: A Trackable Click Reagent with Enhanced Reactivity. Chemistry 2019; 25:10328-10332. [PMID: 31243812 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal reactions have widespread applications in biological systems, and development of new bioorthogonal reactions has been of great interest over the past two decades. In this work, the design and synthesis of a family of fluorinated dibenzocyclooctynes (FDIBOs) are reported. The electron-deficient nature of fluorine atoms significantly accelerated the reaction of cyclooctynes in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, with either benzyl azide or ethyl diazoacetate, compared to conventional dibenzocyclooctyne (DIBO). In addition, FDIBOs showed unique trackable properties owing to the high NMR sensitivity of the naturally abundant 19 F isotope. Biological molecules, including a monosaccharide, a peptide, and a protein, were tested with FDIBOs, and these reactions could be easily monitored by 19 F NMR spectroscopy to evaluate the progress of the conjugation reactions. In addition, labeling of live cells was also demonstrated with metabolically modified bacteria to expand the possible applications of FDIBOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zou
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xianxian Mao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Tian
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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148
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Möckl L, Pedram K, Roy AR, Krishnan V, Gustavsson AK, Dorigo O, Bertozzi CR, Moerner WE. Quantitative Super-Resolution Microscopy of the Mammalian Glycocalyx. Dev Cell 2019; 50:57-72.e6. [PMID: 31105009 PMCID: PMC6675415 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian glycocalyx is a heavily glycosylated extramembrane compartment found on nearly every cell. Despite its relevance in both health and disease, studies of the glycocalyx remain hampered by a paucity of methods to spatially classify its components. We combine metabolic labeling, bioorthogonal chemistry, and super-resolution localization microscopy to image two constituents of cell-surface glycans, N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and sialic acid, with 10-20 nm precision in 2D and 3D. This approach enables two measurements: glycocalyx height and the distribution of individual sugars distal from the membrane. These measurements show that the glycocalyx exhibits nanoscale organization on both cell lines and primary human tumor cells. Additionally, we observe enhanced glycocalyx height in response to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and to oncogenic KRAS activation. In the latter case, we trace increased height to an effector gene, GALNT7. These data highlight the power of advanced imaging methods to provide molecular and functional insights into glycocalyx biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Möckl
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kayvon Pedram
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anish R Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Venkatesh Krishnan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna-Karin Gustavsson
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Dorigo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - W E Moerner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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149
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Porte K, Renoux B, Péraudeau E, Clarhaut J, Eddhif B, Poinot P, Gravel E, Doris E, Wijkhuisen A, Audisio D, Papot S, Taran F. Controlled Release of a Micelle Payload via Sequential Enzymatic and Bioorthogonal Reactions in Living Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6366-6370. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Porte
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage DRF-JOLIOT-SCBMCEA, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Brigitte Renoux
- Université de PoitiersUMR-CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP) 86073 Poitiers France
| | - Elodie Péraudeau
- Université de PoitiersUMR-CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP) 86073 Poitiers France
- CHU de Poitiers 86021 Poitiers France
| | - Jonathan Clarhaut
- Université de PoitiersUMR-CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP) 86073 Poitiers France
- CHU de Poitiers 86021 Poitiers France
| | - Balkis Eddhif
- Université de PoitiersUMR-CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP) 86073 Poitiers France
| | - Pauline Poinot
- Université de PoitiersUMR-CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP) 86073 Poitiers France
| | - Edmond Gravel
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage DRF-JOLIOT-SCBMCEA, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Eric Doris
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage DRF-JOLIOT-SCBMCEA, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Anne Wijkhuisen
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse DRF-JOLIOT-SPICEAUniversité Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Davide Audisio
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage DRF-JOLIOT-SCBMCEA, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Sébastien Papot
- Université de PoitiersUMR-CNRS 7285Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP) 86073 Poitiers France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage DRF-JOLIOT-SCBMCEA, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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150
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Shan A, Lu J, Xu Z, Li X, Xu Y, Li W, Liu F, Yang F, Sato T, Narimatsu H, Zhang Y. Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 18 non-catalytically regulates the ER homeostasis and O-glycosylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:870-882. [PMID: 30797803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation plays important roles in various biological processes. It is initiated by a family of 20 conserved UDP-GalNAc: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (ppGalNAc-Ts). Unlike most ppGalNAc-Ts localized to the Golgi apparatus, ppGalNAc-T18 is predominantly distributed on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and exhibits no ppGalNAc-T catalytic activity in vitro. Herein, we found that ppGalNAc-T18 silencing in cells decreased O-glycosylation levels and activated ER stress leading to apoptosis. After treatment with chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) or forced expression of ppGalNAc-T18 in the ppGalNAc-T18 knockdown cell, these defects could be significantly alleviated, suggesting that ppGalNAc-T18 is important for ER homeostasis and protein O-glycosylation. Furthermore, we found that ppGalNAc-T18 exerts its functions in O-glycosylation and ER stress via a non-catalytic mechanism. These results reveal a novel molecular role of ppGalNAc-Ts that the ER-localized ppGalNAc-T18 could regulate the O-glycosylation and ER homeostasis in a non-catalytic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidong Shan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jishun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhijue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingjiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; SCSB (China)-AIST (Japan) Joint Medical Glycomics Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Takashi Sato
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan; SCSB (China)-AIST (Japan) Joint Medical Glycomics Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; SCSB (China)-AIST (Japan) Joint Medical Glycomics Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
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