101
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Yang YHC, Wills QF, Johnson JD. A live-cell, high-content imaging survey of 206 endogenous factors across five stress conditions reveals context-dependent survival effects in mouse primary beta cells. Diabetologia 2015; 58:1239-49. [PMID: 25773404 PMCID: PMC4415993 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Beta cell death is a hallmark of diabetes. It is not known whether specific cellular stresses associated with type 1 or type 2 diabetes require specific factors to protect pancreatic beta cells. No systematic comparison of endogenous soluble factors in the context of multiple pro-apoptotic conditions has been published. METHODS Primary mouse islet cells were cultured in conditions mimicking five type 1 or type 2 diabetes-related stresses: basal 5 mmol/l glucose, cytokine cocktail (25 ng/ml TNF-α, 10 ng/ml IL-1β, 10 ng/ml IFN-γ), 1 μmol/l thapsigargin, 1.5 mmol/l palmitate and 20 mmol/l glucose (all in the absence of serum). We surveyed the effects of a library of 206 endogenous factors (selected based on islet expression of their receptors) on islet cell survival through multi-parameter, live-cell imaging. RESULTS Our survey pointed to survival factors exhibiting generalised protective effects across conditions meant to model different types of diabetes and stages of the diseases. For example, our survey and follow-up experiments suggested that OLFM1 is a novel protective factor for mouse and human beta cells across multiple conditions. Most strikingly, we also found specific protective survival factors for each model stress condition. For example, semaphorin4A (SEMA4A) was toxic to islet cells in the serum-free baseline and serum-free 20 mmol/l glucose conditions, but protective in the context of lipotoxicity. Rank product testing supported the consistency of our observations. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Collectively, our survey reveals previously unidentified islet cell survival factors and suggest their potential utility in individualised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hsuan Carol Yang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 5358-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Quin F. Wills
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James D. Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 5358-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z3
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102
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Otvos L, Kovalszky I, Olah J, Coroniti R, Knappe D, Nollmann FI, Hoffmann R, Wade JD, Lovas S, Surmacz E. Optimization of adiponectin-derived peptides for inhibition of cancer cell growth and signaling. Biopolymers 2015; 104:156-66. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Otvos
- Department of Biology; Temple University; Philadelphia PA 19122
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Semmelweis University; Budapest 1085 Hungary
| | - Julia Olah
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Semmelweis University; Budapest 1085 Hungary
| | - Roberta Coroniti
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine; Temple University; Philadelphia PA 19122
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry; Leipzig University; Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | | | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry; Leipzig University; Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - John D. Wade
- Florey Neurosciences Institutes; University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Sandor Lovas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Creighton University; Omaha NE 68178
| | - Eva Surmacz
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine; Temple University; Philadelphia PA 19122
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103
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Adiponectin promotes pancreatic cancer progression by inhibiting apoptosis via the activation of AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α signaling. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4732-45. [PMID: 25051362 PMCID: PMC4148095 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted adipokine with pleiotropic actions. Clinical evidence has shown that serum adiponectin levels are increased and that adiponectin can protect pancreatic beta cells against apoptosis, which suggests that adiponectin may play an anti-apoptotic role in pancreatic cancer (PC). Here, we investigated the effects of adiponectin on PC development and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Adiponectin deficiency markedly attenuated pancreatic tumorigenesis in vivo. We found that adiponectin significantly inhibited the apoptosis of both human and mouse pancreatic cancer cells via adipoR1, but not adipoR2. Furthermore, adiponectin can increase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) of PC cells. Knockdown of AMPK or Sirt1 can increase the apoptosis in PC cells. AMPK up-regulated Sirt1, and Sirt1 can inversely phosphorylate AMPK. Further studies have shown that Sirt1 can deacetylate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), which can increase the expression levels of mitochondrial genes. Thus, adiponectin exerts potent anti-apoptotic effects on PC cells via the activation of AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1α signaling. Finally, adiponectin can elevate β-catenin levels. Taken together, these novel findings reveal an unconventional role of adiponectin in promoting pancreatic cancers, and suggest that the effects of adiponectin on tumorigenesis are highly tissue-dependent.
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104
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Visa M, Alcarraz‐Vizán G, Montane J, Cadavez L, Castaño C, Villanueva‐Peñacarrillo ML, Servitja J, Novials A. Islet amyloid polypeptide exerts a novel autocrine action in β‐cell signaling and proliferation. FASEB J 2015; 29:2970-9. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-270553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Montse Visa
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas AsociadasBarcelonaSpain
| | - Gema Alcarraz‐Vizán
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas AsociadasBarcelonaSpain
| | - Joel Montane
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas AsociadasBarcelonaSpain
| | - Lisa Cadavez
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas AsociadasBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carlos Castaño
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas AsociadasBarcelonaSpain
| | - María Luisa Villanueva‐Peñacarrillo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas AsociadasBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and HormonesInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez DíazMadridSpain
| | - Joan‐Marc Servitja
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas AsociadasBarcelonaSpain
| | - Anna Novials
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas AsociadasBarcelonaSpain
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105
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Yao XG, Xu X, Wang GH, Lei M, Quan LL, Cheng YH, Wan P, Zhou JP, Chen J, Hu LH, Shen X. BBT improves glucose homeostasis by ameliorating β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice. J Endocrinol 2015; 224:327-41. [PMID: 25572265 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and increasing β-cell death are two typical dysfunctions of pancreatic β-cells in individuals that are destined to develop type 2 diabetes, and improvement of β-cell function through GSIS enhancement and/or inhibition of β-cell death is a promising strategy for anti-diabetic therapy. In this study, we discovered that the small molecule, N-(2-benzoylphenyl)-5-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxamide (BBT), was effective in both potentiating GSIS and protecting β-cells from cytokine- or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cell death. Results of further studies revealed that cAMP/PKA and long-lasting (L-type) voltage-dependent Ca(2) (+) channel/CaMK2 pathways were involved in the action of BBT against GSIS, and that the cAMP/PKA pathway was essential for the protective action of BBT on β-cells. An assay using the model of type 2 diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet combined with STZ (STZ/HFD) demonstrated that BBT administration efficiently restored β-cell functions as indicated by the increased plasma insulin level and decrease in the β-cell loss induced by STZ/HFD. Moreover, the results indicated that BBT treatment decreased fasting blood glucose and HbA1c and improved oral glucose tolerance further highlighting the potential of BBT in anti-hyperglycemia research.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Glucose/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Homeostasis/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Streptozocin
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
- Thiophenes/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gai-hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Lei
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling-ling Quan
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan-hua Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Wan
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jin-pei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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106
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Abstract
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a subgroup of fatty acids with broad health benefits, such as lowering blood triglycerides and decreasing the risk of some types of cancer. A beneficial effect of n-3 PUFAs in diabetes is indicated by results from some studies. Defective insulin secretion is a fundamental pathophysiological change in both types 1 and 2 diabetes. Emerging studies have provided evidence of a connection between n-3 PUFAs and improved insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. This review summarizes the recent findings in this regard and discusses the potential mechanisms by which n-3 PUFAs influence insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of AgriculturalFood and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Catherine B Chan
- Department of AgriculturalFood and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3
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107
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Adiponectin mediates antiproliferative and apoptotic responses in endometrial carcinoma by the AdipoRs/AMPK pathway. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 137:311-20. [PMID: 25703675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the serum adiponectin levels in endometrial carcinoma (EC) cases and controls and explore the correlation between them. We assessed the functions of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in endometrial cancer cells to determine whether the AMPK/ERK and Akt pathways mediate the effects of adiponectin-induced apoptosis and anti-proliferation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The serum adiponectin levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proliferation and apoptosis rates were determined with MTT and annexin V/PI assays. To evaluate the activation of AMPK, ERK, and Akt and the expression of Bcl-2 and Cyclin D1, western blot analysis was performed in Ishikawa 3-H-12 cells. We down-regulated AdipoRs by si-RNA to assess their functions. RESULTS The serum adiponectin levels were significantly decreased in patients with EC compared to controls. The adiponectin-induced apoptosis and anti-proliferation effects in EC cells were blocked by Compound C. Ishikawa 3-H-12 cells exhibited time- and dose-dependent increases in the p-AMPK levels after treatment with adiponectin. Adiponectin treatment reduced the levels of ERK and Akt phosphorylations and cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression. Compound C blocked the effects on ERK, Akt, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2. AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were involved in adiponectin-induced growth inhibition and ERK activation inhibition. We speculated that AdipoR1 has a greater role than adipoR2 in apoptosis and Akt activation inhibition after adiponectin treatment. CONCLUSION Adiponectin was an apoptotic and anti-proliferation agent for EC cells, and these effects were dependent on the AMPK/ERK and Akt pathways. AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 may play different roles in this process.
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108
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Wang O, Liu J, Cheng Q, Guo X, Wang Y, Zhao L, Zhou F, Ji B. Effects of ferulic acid and γ-oryzanol on high-fat and high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118135. [PMID: 25646799 PMCID: PMC4315454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high morbidity of metabolic dysfunction diseases has heightened interest in seeking natural and safe compounds to maintain optimal health. γ-Oryzanol (OZ), the ferulic acid (FA) ester with phytosterols, mainly present in rice bran has been shown to improve markers of metabolic syndrome. This study investigates the effects of FA and OZ on alleviating high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD)-induced metabolic syndrome parameters. METHODS Male SD rats were fed with a regular rodent diet, HFFD, or HFFD supplemented with 0.05% FA or 0.16% OZ (equimolar concentrations) for 13 weeks. Food intake, organ indices, serum lipid profiles, glucose metabolism, insulin resistance (IR) index and cytokine levels were analyzed. The mechanisms were further investigated in oleic acid-stimulated HepG2 cells by analyzing triglyceride (TG) content and lipogenesis-related gene expressions. RESULTS In the in vivo study, FA and OZ exhibited similar effects in alleviating HFFD-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and IR. However, only OZ treatment significantly decreased liver index and hepatic TG content, lowered serum levels of C-reactive protein and IL-6, and increased serum concentration of adiponectin. In the in vitro assay, only OZ administration significantly inhibited intracellular TG accumulation and down-regulated expression of stearoyl coenzyme-A desaturase-1, which might facilitate OZ to enhance its hepatoprotective effect. CONCLUSION OZ is more effective than FA in inhibiting hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation. Thus, FA and OZ could be used as dietary supplements to alleviate the deleterious effects of HFFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Guo
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoping Ji
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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109
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Arnaboldi L, Corsini A. Could changes in adiponectin drive the effect of statins on the risk of new-onset diabetes? The case of pitavastatin. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2015; 16:1-27. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(14)70002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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110
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Ma H, Cui F, Dong JJ, You GP, Yang XJ, Lu HD, Huang YL. Therapeutic effects of globular adiponectin in diabetic rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14950-14957. [PMID: 25356056 PMCID: PMC4209559 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the therapeutic role of globular adiponectin (gAd) in high-fat diet/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
METHODS: Seven rats were fed a basic diet (normal control group; NC) during the experiment. Experimental rats (14 rats) were given a high-fat diet for 4 wk and were then injected with STZ to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and NAFLD. Half of the T2DM/NAFLD rats were randomly injected intraperitoneally with gAd for 7 d (gAd-treated group), while the other 7 rats (T2DM/NAFLD group) received 0.9% saline. Plasma biochemical parameters and insulin concentrations were measured. Liver histopathology was examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Insulin receptor expression in the liver was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, Western blot and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis.
RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the T2DM/NAFLD group had increased levels of glucolipid and decreased levels of insulin. Plasma glucose and lipid levels were decreased in the gAd-treated group, while serum insulin levels increased. The expression of insulin receptor in the T2DM/NAFLD group increased compared with the NC group, and gAd downregulated insulin receptor expression in the livers of T2DM/NAFLD rats. Steatosis of the liver was alleviated in the gAd-treated group compared to the T2DM/NAFLD group (NAS 1.39 ± 0.51 vs 1.92 ± 0.51, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Globular adiponectin exerts beneficial effects in T2DM rats with NAFLD by promoting insulin secretion, mediating glucolipid metabolism, regulating insulin receptor expression and alleviating hepatic steatosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adiponectin/administration & dosage
- Adiponectin/pharmacology
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diet, High-Fat
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Insulin/blood
- Lipids/blood
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/blood
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/genetics
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Insulin/drug effects
- Receptor, Insulin/genetics
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- Streptozocin
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111
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Otvos L, Knappe D, Hoffmann R, Kovalszky I, Olah J, Hewitson TD, Stawikowska R, Stawikowski M, Cudic P, Lin F, Wade JD, Surmacz E, Lovas S. Development of second generation peptides modulating cellular adiponectin receptor responses. Front Chem 2014; 2:93. [PMID: 25368867 PMCID: PMC4201147 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue participates in the regulation of energy homeostasis as an important endocrine organ that secretes a number of biologically active adipokines, including adiponectin. Recently we developed and characterized a first-in-class peptide-based adiponectin receptor agonist by using in vitro and in vivo models of glioblastoma and breast cancer (BC). In the current study, we further explored the effects of peptide ADP355 in additional cellular models and found that ADP355 inhibited chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell proliferation and renal myofibroblast differentiation with mid-nanomolar IC50 values. According to molecular modeling calculations, ADP355 was remarkably flexible in the global minimum with a turn present in the middle of the peptide. Considering these structural features of ADP355 and the fact that adiponectin normally circulates as multimeric complexes, we developed and tested the activity of a linear branched dimer (ADP399). The dimer exhibited approximately 20-fold improved cellular activity inhibiting K562 CML and MCF-7 cell growth with high pM-low nM relative IC50 values. Biodistribution studies suggested superior tissue dissemination of both peptides after subcutaneous administration relative to intraperitoneal inoculation. After screening of a 397-member adiponectin active site library, a novel octapeptide (ADP400) was designed that counteracted 10-1000 nM ADP355- and ADP399-mediated effects on CML and BC cell growth at nanomolar concentrations. ADP400 induced mitogenic effects in MCF-7 BC cells perhaps due to antagonizing endogenous adiponectin actions or acting as an inverse agonist. While the linear dimer agonist ADP399 meets pharmacological criteria of a contemporary peptide drug lead, the peptide showing antagonist activity (ADP400) at similar concentrations will be an important target validation tool to study adiponectin functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Otvos
- Department of Biology, Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- 1st Institute of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julia Olah
- 1st Institute of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tim D Hewitson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roma Stawikowska
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies Port St. Lucie, Florida, FL, USA
| | - Maciej Stawikowski
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies Port St. Lucie, Florida, FL, USA
| | - Predrag Cudic
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies Port St. Lucie, Florida, FL, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eva Surmacz
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sandor Lovas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University NE, USA
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112
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Sahraoui A, Kloster-Jensen K, Ueland T, Korsgren O, Foss A, Scholz H. Anakinra and Tocilizumab Enhance Survival and Function of Human Islets during Culture: Implications for Clinical Islet Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:1199-211. [DOI: 10.3727/096368913x667529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretreatment culture before islet transplantation represents a window of opportunity to ameliorate the pro-inflammatory profile expressed by human β-cells in duress. Anakinra (IL-1 receptor antagonist) and tocilizumab (monoclonal IL-6 receptor antibody) are two known anti-inflammatory agents successfully used in the treatment of inflammatory states like rheumatoid arthritis. Both compounds have also been shown to reduce blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients. We therefore sought to evaluate the impact of anakinra and tocilizumab on human β-cells. The islets were precultured with or without anakinra or tocilizumab and then transplanted in a marginal mass model using human islets in immunodeficient mice. Islet viability was evaluated in an in vitro model. The pretreatment culture led to a significantly improved engraftment in treated islets compared to the vehicle. Anakinra and tocilizumab are not toxic to human islets and significantly reduce markers of inflammation and cell death. These results strongly support a pretreatment culture with anakinra and tocilizumab prior to human islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Sahraoui
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University in Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Kloster-Jensen
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University in Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University in Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aksel Foss
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University in Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University in Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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113
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Singh AK, Joharapurkar AA, Khan MP, Mishra JS, Singh N, Yadav M, Hossain Z, Khan K, Kumar S, Dhanesha NA, Mishra DP, Maurya R, Sharma S, Jain MR, Trivedi AK, Godbole MM, Gayen JR, Chattopadhyay N, Sanyal S. Orally active osteoanabolic agent GTDF binds to adiponectin receptors, with a preference for AdipoR1, induces adiponectin-associated signaling, and improves metabolic health in a rodent model of diabetes. Diabetes 2014; 63:3530-44. [PMID: 24848063 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that signals through plasma membrane-bound adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and -2). Plasma adiponectin depletion is associated with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Adiponectin therapy, however, is yet unavailable owing to its large size, complex multimerization, and functional differences of the multimers. We report discovery and characterization of 6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S)-(+)-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxydihydroflavonol (GTDF) as an orally active adiponectin mimetic. GTDF interacted with both AdipoRs, with a preference for AdipoR1. It induced adiponectin-associated signaling and enhanced glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation in vitro, which were augmented or abolished by AdipoR1 overexpression or silencing, respectively. GTDF improved metabolic health, characterized by elevated glucose clearance, β-cell survival, reduced steatohepatitis, browning of white adipose tissue, and improved lipid profile in an AdipoR1-expressing but not an AdipoR1-depleted strain of diabetic mice. The discovery of GTDF as an adiponectin mimetic provides a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Mohd Parvez Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jay Sharan Mishra
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zakir Hossain
- Division of Phramacokinetics, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kainat Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Rakesh Maurya
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sharad Sharma
- Division of Toxicology, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Arun Kumar Trivedi
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madan Madhav Godbole
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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114
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Quan H, Gao Y, Zhang H, Fang T, Chen D, Lv Z, Chen Y. Exenatide enhances INS-1 rat pancreatic β‑cell mass by increasing the protein levels of adiponectin and reducing the levels of C-reactive protein. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2447-52. [PMID: 25190495 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder affecting >220 million individuals worldwide; this is projected to reach 366 million by 2030. Exenatide, a long‑acting glucagon‑like peptide 1 receptor agonist, exhibits potential in the treatment of T2MD due to its ability to increase β‑cell mass. However, the molecular mechanism by which exenatide increases β‑cell mass is yet to be elucidated. Exenatide function was explored in the INS‑1 rat pancreatic β‑cell line. Exenatide was found to increase adiponectin protein levels by 20% (P<0.05 versus the control group) and reduce the level of C‑reactive protein (CRP) by 50% (P<0.01 versus the control group) in INS‑1 cells, resulting in an increase in the INS‑1 rat pancreatic β‑cell mass by 20% (P<0.01 versus the control group). These findings suggest that exenatide may ameliorate T2DM by increasing adiponectin protein levels and reducing the level of CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibiao Quan
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Yongyi Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Huachuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Tuanyu Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Daoxiong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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115
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Obesity in autoimmune diseases: Not a passive bystander. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13:981-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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116
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Comparative Aspects of Human, Canine, and Feline Obesity and Factors Predicting Progression to Diabetes. Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/vetsci1020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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117
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Okumura M, Kadokura H, Hashimoto S, Yutani K, Kanemura S, Hikima T, Hidaka Y, Ito L, Shiba K, Masui S, Imai D, Imaoka S, Yamaguchi H, Inaba K. Inhibition of the functional interplay between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) oxidoreduclin-1α (Ero1α) and protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) by the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27004-27018. [PMID: 25122773 PMCID: PMC4175339 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.564104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that may have adverse effects on human health. We recently isolated protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) as a BPA-binding protein from rat brain homogenates and found that BPA markedly inhibited PDI activity. To elucidate mechanisms of this inhibition, detailed structural, biophysical, and functional analyses of PDI were performed in the presence of BPA. BPA binding to PDI induced significant rearrangement of the N-terminal thioredoxin domain of PDI, resulting in more compact overall structure. This conformational change led to closure of the substrate-binding pocket in b' domain, preventing PDI from binding to unfolded proteins. The b' domain also plays an essential role in the interplay between PDI and ER oxidoreduclin 1α (Ero1α), a flavoenzyme responsible for reoxidation of PDI. We show that BPA inhibited Ero1α-catalyzed PDI oxidation presumably by inhibiting the interaction between the b' domain of PDI and Ero1α; the phenol groups of BPA probably compete with a highly conserved tryptophan residue, located in the protruding β-hairpin of Ero1α, for binding to PDI. Consistently, BPA slowed down the reoxidation of PDI and caused the reduction of PDI in HeLa cells, indicating that BPA has a great impact on the redox homeostasis of PDI within cells. However, BPA had no effect on the interaction between PDI and peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx4), another PDI family oxidase, suggesting that the interaction between Prx4 and PDI is different from that of Ero1α and PDI. These results indicate that BPA, a widely distributed and potentially harmful chemical, inhibits Ero1-PDI-mediated disulfide bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Okumura
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan,; Division of Protein Chemistry, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan,; RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan,; School Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan,; Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kadokura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shoko Hashimoto
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Yutani
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Shingo Kanemura
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan,; RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan,; Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hikima
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yuji Hidaka
- School Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Len Ito
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kohei Shiba
- ProCube Business Division, Sysmex Corporation, 1-1-2, Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2241, Japan, and
| | - Shoji Masui
- Division of Protein Chemistry, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan,; Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Daiki Imai
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan,; RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Susumu Imaoka
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan,; RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan,.
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Division of Protein Chemistry, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan,; Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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118
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Shen CC, Cui XY, He Y, Kang YH, Yi C, Yang JL, Gou LT. High Phosphorylation Status of AKT/mTOR Signal in DESI2-Reduced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 21:267-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang D, Leung PS. Potential roles of GPR120 and its agonists in the management of diabetes. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1013-27. [PMID: 25114508 PMCID: PMC4122337 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s53892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) serve not only as nutrients that provide energy but also as extracellular signaling molecules that manipulate intracellular physiological events through FFA receptors (FFARs) such as FFAR4. FFAR4 is also known as G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). The main role of GPR120 is to elicit FFA regulation on metabolism homeostasis. GPR120 agonism correlates with prevention of the occurrence and development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. GPR120 activation directly or indirectly inhibits inflammation, modulates hormone secretion from the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, and regulates lipid and/or glucose metabolism in adipose, liver, and muscle tissues, which may help prevent obesity and diabetes. This review summarizes recent advances in physiological roles of GPR120 in preventing insulin resistance and protecting pancreatic islet function, and examines how resident GPR120 in the pancreas may be involved in modulating pancreatic islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Po Sing Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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120
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New insight into adiponectin role in obesity and obesity-related diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:658913. [PMID: 25110685 PMCID: PMC4109424 DOI: 10.1155/2014/658913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem strongly increasing the risk for various severe related complications such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, diabetic retinopathy, and cancer. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that produces biologically active molecules defined “adipocytokines,” protein hormones with pleiotropic functions involved in the regulation of energy metabolism as well as in appetite, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, atherosclerosis, cell proliferation, and so forth. In obesity, fat accumulation causes dysregulation of adipokine production that strongly contributes to the onset of obesity-related diseases. Several advances have been made in the treatment and prevention of obesity but current medical therapies are often unsuccessful even in compliant patients. Among the adipokines, adiponectin shows protective activity in various processes such as energy metabolism, inflammation, and cell proliferation. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge regarding the protective properties of adiponectin and its receptors, AdipoRs (“adiponectin system”), on metabolic complications in obesity and obesity-related diseases. Adiponectin, exhibiting antihyperglycemic, antiatherogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties, could have important clinical benefits in terms of development of therapies for the prevention and/or for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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121
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Liu XX, Liu KY, Li P, Han S, Peng XD, Shen L. Adiponectin is expressed in the pancreas of high-fat-diet-fed mice and protects pancreatic endothelial function during the development of type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2014; 40:363-72. [PMID: 24986510 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Adiponectin levels in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue have been reported to be involved in insulin resistance in rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Our objective was to explore whether adiponectin is also expressed in the pancreas and what its potential role is during the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in outbred CD-1 mice. METHODS Male 4-week-old outbred CD-1 mice were fed an HFD to induce a polygenic model of human T2D. Adiponectin expression was examined in mouse pancreas by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blots and immunofluorescence analyses. Human umbilical vein endothelium cells (HUVECs) were transfected with an adiponectin-expressing lentivirus to determine the effect of adiponectin on angiogenic function in vitro. RESULTS Feeding mice an HFD for 9weeks resulted in constant hyperglycaemia, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Additional hyperinsulinaemia emerged in mice fed an HFD for 18weeks. Interestingly, aberrant expression of adiponectin was detectable in the pancreatic vascular endothelial cells (VECs) of mice fed with an HFD, but not in mice fed with regular chow (RC). Expression levels of pancreatic adiponectin varied during the development of T2D. This extraordinary expression of adiponectin in pancreatic VECs played a role in protecting endothelial function against potential damage by HFD. Our in vitro study has demonstrated that adiponectin promotes angiogenic function. CONCLUSION These results reveal for the first time that adiponectin is expressed in pancreatic VECs of HFD-fed mice during the development of T2D as a protective adaptation in response to the HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-X Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - K-Y Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - P Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - S Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - X-D Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - L Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Abstract
The increased prevalence of obesity has mandated extensive research focused on mechanisms responsible for associated clinical complications. Emerging from the focus on adipose tissue biology as a vitally important adipokine is adiponectin which is now believed to mediate anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective and cancer modifying actions. Adiponectin mediates these primarily beneficial effects via direct signaling effects and via enhancing insulin sensitivity via crosstalk with insulin signaling pathways. Reduced adiponectin action is detrimental and occurs in obesity via decreased circulating levels of adiponectin action or development of adiponectin resistance. This review will focus on cellular mechanisms of adiponectin action, their crosstalk with insulin signaling and the resultant role of adiponectin in cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer and reviews data from in vitro cell based studies through animal models to clinical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Scheid
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
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124
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Obesity, inflammation, and lung injury (OILI): the good. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:978463. [PMID: 24899788 PMCID: PMC4037577 DOI: 10.1155/2014/978463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity becomes pandemic, predisposing these individuals to great risk for lung injury. In this review, we focused on the anti-inflammatories and addressed the following aspects: adipocytokines and obesity, inflammation and other mechanisms, adipocytokines and lung injury in obesity bridged by inflammation, and potential therapeutic targets. To sum up, the majority of evidence supported that adiponectin, omentin, and secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) were reduced significantly in obesity, which is associated with increased inflammation, indicated by increase of TNFα and IL-6, through activation of toll-like receptor (TLR4) and nuclear factor light chain κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Administration of these adipocytokines promotes weight loss and reduces inflammation. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), vaspin, IL-10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1), and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) are also regarded as anti-inflammatories. There were controversial reports. Furthermore, there is a huge lack of studies for obesity related lung injury. The effects of adiponectin on lung transplantation, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and pneumonia were anti-inflammatory and protective in lung injury. Administration of IL-10 agonist reduces mortality of acute lung injury in rabbits with acute necrotizing pancreatitis, possibly through inhibiting proinflammation and strengthening host immunity. Very limited information is available for other adipocytokines.
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125
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Huang Y, He Y, Sun X, He Y, Li Y, Sun C. Maternal high folic acid supplement promotes glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in male mouse offspring fed a high-fat diet. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6298-313. [PMID: 24736781 PMCID: PMC4013629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition may influence metabolic profiles in offspring. We aimed to investigate the effect of maternal folic acid supplement on glucose metabolism in mouse offspring fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Sixty C57BL/6 female mice were randomly assigned into three dietary groups and fed the AIN-93G diet containing 2 (control), 5 (recommended folic acid supplement, RFolS) or 40 (high folic acid supplement, HFolS) mg folic acid/kg of diet. All male offspring were fed HFD for eight weeks. Physiological, biochemical and genetic variables were measured. Before HFD feeding, developmental variables and metabolic profiles were comparable among each offspring group. However, after eight weeks of HFD feeding, the offspring of HFolS dams (Off-HFolS) were more vulnerable to suffer from obesity (p = 0.009), glucose intolerance (p < 0.001) and insulin resistance (p < 0.001), compared with the controls. Off-HFolS had reduced serum adiponectin concentration, accompanied with decreased adiponectin mRNA level but increased global DNA methylation level in white adipose tissue. In conclusion, our results suggest maternal HFolS exacerbates the detrimental effect of HFD on glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in male offspring, implying that HFolS during pregnancy should be adopted cautiously in the general population of pregnant women to avoid potential deleterious effect on the metabolic diseases in their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Yonghan He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Yujie He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
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Romacho T, Elsen M, Röhrborn D, Eckel J. Adipose tissue and its role in organ crosstalk. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:733-53. [PMID: 24495317 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of adipokines has revealed adipose tissue as a central node in the interorgan crosstalk network, which mediates the regulation of multiple organs and tissues. Adipose tissue is a true endocrine organ that produces and secretes a wide range of mediators regulating adipose tissue function in an auto-/paracrine manner and important distant targets, such as the liver, skeletal muscle, the pancreas and the cardiovascular system. In metabolic disorders such as obesity, enlargement of adipocytes leads to adipose tissue dysfunction and a shift in the secretory profile with an increased release of pro-inflammatory adipokines. Adipose tissue dysfunction has a central role in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Besides the well-acknowledged role of adipokines in metabolic diseases, and the increasing number of adipokines being discovered in the last years, the mechanisms underlying the release of many adipokines from adipose tissue remain largely unknown. To combat metabolic diseases, it is crucial to better understand how adipokines can modulate adipose tissue growth and function. Therefore, we will focus on adipokines with a prominent role in auto-/paracrine crosstalk within the adipose tissue such as RBP4, HO-1, WISP2, SFRPs and chemerin. To depict the endocrine crosstalk between adipose tissue with skeletal muscle, the cardiovascular system and the pancreas, we will report the main findings regarding the direct effects of adiponectin, leptin, DPP4 and visfatin on skeletal muscle insulin resistance, cardiovascular function and β-cell growth and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Romacho
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology; German Diabetes Center; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - M. Elsen
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology; German Diabetes Center; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - D. Röhrborn
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology; German Diabetes Center; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - J. Eckel
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology; German Diabetes Center; Düsseldorf Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.); Düsseldorf Germany
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127
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Knights AJ, Funnell APW, Pearson RCM, Crossley M, Bell-Anderson KS. Adipokines and insulin action: A sensitive issue. Adipocyte 2014; 3:88-96. [PMID: 24719781 PMCID: PMC3979885 DOI: 10.4161/adip.27552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health concern and a strong risk factor for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease. The last two decades have seen a reconsideration of the role of white adipose tissue (WAT) in whole body metabolism and insulin action. Adipose tissue-derived cytokines and hormones, or adipokines, are likely mediators of metabolic function and dysfunction. While several adipokines have been associated with obese and insulin-resistant phenotypes, a select group has been linked with insulin sensitivity, namely leptin, adiponectin, and more recently, adipolin. What is known about these insulin-sensitizing molecules and their effects in healthy and insulin resistant states is the subject of this review. There remains a significant amount of research to do to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action of these adipokines for development of therapeutics in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Knights
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Alister PW Funnell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Richard CM Pearson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Merlin Crossley
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney, NSW Australia
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128
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Medina EA, Oberheu K, Polusani SR, Ortega V, Velagaleti GVN, Oyajobi BO. PKA/AMPK signaling in relation to adiponectin’s antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cells. Leukemia 2014; 28:2080-9. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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129
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Hu S, Wang J, Xu H, Wang Y, Li Z, Xue C. Fucosylated chondroitin sulphate from sea cucumber inhibits high-fat-sucrose diet-induced apoptosis in mouse pancreatic islets via down-regulating mitochondrial signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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130
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Regnier SM, Sargis RM. Adipocytes under assault: environmental disruption of adipose physiology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1842:520-33. [PMID: 23735214 PMCID: PMC3823640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The burgeoning obesity epidemic has placed enormous strains on individual and societal health mandating a careful search for pathogenic factors, including the contributions made by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In addition to evidence that some exogenous chemicals have the capacity to modulate classical hormonal signaling axes, there is mounting evidence that several EDCs can also disrupt metabolic pathways and alter energy homeostasis. Adipose tissue appears to be a particularly important target of these metabolic disruptions. A diverse array of compounds has been shown to alter adipocyte differentiation, and several EDCs have been shown to modulate adipocyte physiology, including adipocytic insulin action and adipokine secretion. This rapidly emerging evidence demonstrating that environmental contaminants alter adipocyte function emphasizes the potential role that disruption of adipose physiology by EDCs may play in the global epidemic of metabolic disease. Further work is required to better characterize the molecular targets responsible for mediating the effects of EDCs on adipose tissue. Improved understanding of the precise signaling pathways altered by exposure to environmental contaminants will enhance our understanding of which chemicals pose a threat to metabolic health and how those compounds synergize with lifestyle factors to promote obesity and its associated complications. This knowledge may also improve our capacity to predict which synthetic compounds may alter energy homeostasis before they are released into the environment while also providing critical evidentiary support for efforts to restrict the production and use of chemicals that pose the greatest threat to human metabolic health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Modulation of Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Regnier
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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131
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WANG R, LIU J, GUO X, GAO F, JI B, ZHOU F. Vitamin C Protects against INS832/13 ^|^beta;-Cell Death and/or Dysfunction Caused by Glucolipotoxicity or 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Coculture. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2014. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.60.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruojun WANG
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University
| | - Jia LIU
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries
| | - Xiaoxuan GUO
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University
| | - Fengyi GAO
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University
| | - Baoping JI
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University
| | - Feng ZHOU
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University
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132
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Cheng KKY, Lam KSL, Wang B, Xu A. Signaling mechanisms underlying the insulin-sensitizing effects of adiponectin. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 28:3-13. [PMID: 24417941 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing adipokine with protective effects against a cluster of obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The adipokine exerts its insulin-sensitizing effects by alleviation of obesity-induced ectopic lipid accumulation, lipotoxicity and chronic inflammation, as well as by direct cross-talk with insulin signaling cascades. Adiponectin and insulin signaling pathways converge at the adaptor protein APPL1. On the one hand, APPL1 interacts with adiponectin receptors and mediates both metabolic and vascular actions of adiponectin through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and p38 MAP kinase. On the other hand, APPL1 potentiates both the actions and secretion of insulin by fine-tuning the Akt activity in multiple insulin target tissues. In obese animals, reduced APPL1 expression contributes to both insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion. This review summarizes recent advances on the molecular mechanisms by which adiponectin sensitizes insulin actions, and discusses the roles of APPL1 in regulating both adiponectin and insulin signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K Y Cheng
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Karen S L Lam
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Baile Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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133
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Cernea S, Dobreanu M. Diabetes and beta cell function: from mechanisms to evaluation and clinical implications. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2013; 23:266-80. [PMID: 24266296 PMCID: PMC3900074 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2013.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex, heterogeneous condition that has beta cell dysfunction at its core. Many factors (e.g. hyperglycemia/glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, autoimmunity, inflammation, adipokines, islet amyloid, incretins and insulin resistance) influence the function of pancreatic beta cells. Chronic hyperglycaemia may result in detrimental effects on insulin synthesis/secretion, cell survival and insulin sensitivity through multiple mechanisms: gradual loss of insulin gene expression and other beta-cell specific genes; chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress; changes in mitochondrial number, morphology and function; disruption in calcium homeostasis. In the presence of hyperglycaemia, prolonged exposure to increased free fatty acids result in accumulation of toxic metabolites in the cells (“lipotoxicity”), finally causing decreased insulin gene expression and impairment of insulin secretion. The rest of the factors/mechanisms which impact on the course of the disease are also discusses in detail. The correct assessment of beta cell function requires a concomitant quantification of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, because the two variables are closely interrelated. In order to better understand the fundamental pathogenetic mechanisms that contribute to disease development in a certain individual with diabetes, additional markers could be used, apart from those that evaluate beta cell function. The aim of the paper was to overview the relevant mechanisms/factors that influence beta cell function and to discuss the available methods of its assessment. In addition, clinical considerations are made regarding the therapeutical options that have potential protective effects on beta cell function/mass by targeting various underlying factors and mechanisms with a role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cernea
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Unit, Emergency County Clinical Hospital, Târgu Mureş, Romania.
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134
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Surmacz E. Leptin and adiponectin: emerging therapeutic targets in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2013; 18:321-32. [PMID: 24136336 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-013-9302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a recognized risk factor for breast cancer development and poorer response to therapy. Two major fat tissue-derived adipokines, leptin and adiponectin have been implicated in mammary carcinogenesis. Leptin appears to promote breast cancer progression through activation of mitogenic, antiapoptotic, and metastatic pathways, while adiponectin may restrict tumorigenic processes primarily by inhibiting cell metabolism. Furthermore, adiponectin is known to counteract detrimental leptin effects in breast cancer models. Thus, therapeutic inhibition of pro-neoplastic leptin pathways and reactivation of anti-neoplastic adiponectin signaling may benefit breast cancer patients, especially the obese subpopulation. This review focuses on current experimental strategies aiming at leptin and adiponectin pathways in breast cancer models. Novel leptin receptor antagonists and adiponectin receptor agonists as well as other compounds for therapeutic modulation of adipokine pathways are discussed in detail, including potential pharmacological advantages and limitations of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Surmacz
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, 1900 N12th Street, BioLife Bldg. Rm 425, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA,
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135
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Patané G, Caporarello N, Marchetti P, Parrino C, Sudano D, Marselli L, Vigneri R, Frittitta L. Adiponectin increases glucose-induced insulin secretion through the activation of lipid oxidation. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50:851-7. [PMID: 23440352 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-013-0458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The expression of adiponectin receptors has been demonstrated in human and rat pancreatic beta cells, where globular (g) adiponectin rescues rat beta cells from cytokine and fatty acid-induced apoptosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether adiponectin has a direct effect on insulin secretion and the metabolic pathways involved. Purified human pancreatic islets and rat beta cells (INS-1E) were exposed (1 h) to g-adiponectin, and glucose-induced insulin secretion was measured. A significant increase in glucose-induced insulin secretion was observed in the presence of g-adiponectin (1 nmol/l) with respect to control cells in both human pancreatic islets (n = 5, p < 0.05) and INS-1E cells (n = 5, p < 0.001). The effect of globular adiponectin on insulin secretion was independent of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) activation or glucose oxidation. In contrast, g-adiponectin significantly increased oleate oxidation (n = 5, p < 0.05), and the effect of g-adiponectin (p < 0.001) on insulin secretion by INS-1E was significantly reduced in the presence of etomoxir (1 μmol/l), an inhibitor of fatty acid beta oxidation. g-Adiponectin potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion in both human pancreatic islets and rat beta cells via an AMPK independent pathway. Increased fatty acid oxidation rather than augmented glucose oxidation is the mechanism responsible. Overall, our data indicate that, in addition to its anti-apoptotic action, g-adiponectin has another direct effect on beta cells by potentiating insulin secretion. Adiponectin, therefore, in addition to its well-known effect on insulin sensitivity, has important effects at the pancreatic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Patané
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania Medical School, Via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
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136
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Adiponectin receptor 1 enhances fatty acid metabolism and cell survival in palmitate-treated HepG2 cells through the PI3 K/AKT pathway. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:907-17. [PMID: 24129500 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES Hepatic lipid overloading induces lipotoxicity which can cause hepatocyte damage, fibrosis, and eventually progress to cirrhosis, which is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Adiponectin receptors play important roles in regulating lipid metabolism. In this study, we used a lentivirus system to overexpress the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) in HepG2 cells to define the role of adiponectin and its receptor 1 in the development of fatty liver syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS Exposure of human hepatocytes, HepG2 cells, to palmitate (0.2 or 0.4 mM) for 16 h resulted in elevated apoptosis, whereas AdipoR1 decreased the palmitate-induced apoptosis. Transgene AdipoR1 increased the expression of FATP2, acyl-coA oxidase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in palmitate-treated HepG2 cells. The transcript level of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase was upregulated by palmitate treatment, while AdipoR1 reversed the effect induced by palmitate. AdipoR1 increased the gene expression of cytochrome C oxidase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, and decreased the gene expression of PGC1α and AMPKα in HepG2 cells under palmitate treatment. Palmitate suppressed ATP production, while transgene AdipoR1 reversed the decreased ATP production by palmitate. Transgene AdipoR1 enhanced AKT phosphorylation in HepG2 cells both with and without palmitate treatment. When PI3 kinase inhibitor was applied, the protective effect of AdipoR1 was absent, such that palmitate again decreased ATP production while also reducing cell viability. CONCLUSION AdipoR1 enhances fatty acid metabolism and cell viability in palmitate-treated HepG2 cells partially by activating AKT signaling. Therefore, AdipoR1 has therapeutic potential in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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137
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Bianco A, Mazzarella G, Turchiarelli V, Nigro E, Corbi G, Scudiero O, Sofia M, Daniele A. Adiponectin: an attractive marker for metabolic disorders in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Nutrients 2013; 5:4115-25. [PMID: 24128974 PMCID: PMC3820062 DOI: 10.3390/nu5104115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease which may be complicated by development of co-morbidities including metabolic disorders. Metabolic disorders commonly associated with this disease contribute to lung function impairment and mortality. Systemic inflammation appears to be a major factor linking COPD to metabolic alterations. Adipose tissue seems to interfere with systemic inflammation in COPD patients by producing a large number of proteins, known as “adipokines”, involved in various processes such as metabolism, immunity and inflammation. There is evidence that adiponectin is an important modulator of inflammatory processes implicated in airway pathophysiology. Increased serum levels of adiponectin and expression of its receptors on lung tissues of COPD patients have recently highlighted the importance of the adiponectin pathway in this disease. Further, in vitro studies have demonstrated an anti-inflammatory activity for this adipokine at the level of lung epithelium. This review focuses on mechanisms by which adiponectin is implicated in linking COPD with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Loc. Tappino, Campobasso 86100, Italy; E-Mails: (V.T.); (G.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-0874-409-263; Fax: +39-0874-404-752
| | - Gennaro Mazzarella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Via Leonardo Bianchi, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Viviana Turchiarelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Loc. Tappino, Campobasso 86100, Italy; E-Mails: (V.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples 80145, Italy; E-Mails: (E.N.); (O.S.); (A.D.)
- IRCCS–Fondazione SDN, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Loc. Tappino, Campobasso 86100, Italy; E-Mails: (V.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Olga Scudiero
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples 80145, Italy; E-Mails: (E.N.); (O.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Matteo Sofia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, AO Monaldi, University of Naples Federico II, Via Leonardo Bianchi, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Aurora Daniele
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples 80145, Italy; E-Mails: (E.N.); (O.S.); (A.D.)
- IRCCS–Fondazione SDN, Naples 80131, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta 81100, Italy
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Wang C, Li X, Mu K, Li L, Wang S, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Ryu J, Xie Z, Shi D, Zhang WJ, Dong LQ, Jia W. Deficiency of APPL1 in mice impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through inhibition of pancreatic beta cell mitochondrial function. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1999-2009. [PMID: 23793716 PMCID: PMC4556236 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2971-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interaction, pleckstrin homology domain and leucine zipper containing 1 (APPL1) is an adapter protein that positively mediates adiponectin signalling. Deficiency of APPL1 in the target tissues of insulin induces insulin resistance. We therefore aimed, in the present study, to determine its role in regulating pancreatic beta cell function. METHODS A hyperglycaemic clamp test was performed to determine insulin secretion in APPL1 knockout (KO) mice. Glucose- and adiponectin-induced insulin release was measured in islets from APPL1 KO mice or INS-1(832/13) cells with either APPL1 knockdown or overproduction. RT-PCR and western blotting were conducted to analyse gene expression and protein abundance. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential were assayed to evaluate mitochondrial function. RESULTS APPL1 is highly expressed in pancreatic islets, but its levels are decreased in mice fed a high-fat diet and db/db mice compared with controls. Deletion of the Appl1 gene leads to impairment of both the first and second phases of insulin secretion during hyperglycaemic clamp tests. In addition, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is significantly decreased in islets from APPL1 KO mice. Conversely, overproduction of APPL1 leads to an increase in GSIS in beta cells. In addition, expression levels of several genes involved in insulin production, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial OCR, ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential are reduced significantly in APPL1-knockdown beta cells. Moreover, suppression or overexproduction of APPL1 inhibits or stimulates adiponectin-potentiated GSIS in beta cells, respectively. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study demonstrates the roles of APPL1 in regulating GSIS and mitochondrial function in pancreatic beta cells, which implicates APPL1 as a therapeutic target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People’s Republic of ChinaDiabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaida Mu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People’s Republic of ChinaDiabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People’s Republic of ChinaDiabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People’s Republic of ChinaDiabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People’s Republic of ChinaDiabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People’s Republic of ChinaDiabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiyoon Ryu
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Zhifang Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyun Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiping J. Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lily Q. Dong
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People’s Republic of ChinaDiabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Kwak SJ, Hong SH, Bajracharya R, Yang SY, Lee KS, Yu K. Drosophila adiponectin receptor in insulin producing cells regulates glucose and lipid metabolism by controlling insulin secretion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68641. [PMID: 23874700 PMCID: PMC3709998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines secreted from adipose tissue are key regulators of metabolism in animals. Adiponectin, one of the adipokines, modulates pancreatic beta cell function to maintain energy homeostasis. Recently, significant conservation between Drosophila melanogaster and mammalian metabolism has been discovered. Drosophila insulin like peptides (Dilps) regulate energy metabolism similarly to mammalian insulin. However, in Drosophila, the regulatory mechanism of insulin producing cells (IPCs) by adipokine signaling is largely unknown. Here, we describe the discovery of the Drosophila adiponectin receptor and its function in IPCs. Drosophila adiponectin receptor (dAdipoR) has high homology with the human adiponectin receptor 1. The dAdipoR antibody staining revealed that dAdipoR was expressed in IPCs of larval and adult brains. IPC- specific dAdipoR inhibition (Dilp2>dAdipoR-Ri) showed the increased sugar level in the hemolymph and the elevated triglyceride level in whole body. Dilps mRNA levels in the Dilp2>dAdipoR-Ri flies were similar with those of controls. However, in the Dilp2>dAdipoR-Ri flies, Dilp2 protein was accumulated in IPCs, the level of circulating Dilp2 was decreased, and insulin signaling was reduced in the fat body. In ex vivo fly brain culture with the human adiponectin, Dilp2 was secreted from IPCs. These results indicate that adiponectin receptor in insulin producing cells regulates insulin secretion and controls glucose and lipid metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster. This study demonstrates a new adipokine signaling in Drosophila and provides insights for the mammalian adiponectin receptor function in pancreatic beta cells, which could be useful for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kwak
- Neurophysiology Research Group, Bionano Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Hong
- Neurophysiology Research Group, Bionano Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Rijan Bajracharya
- Neurophysiology Research Group, Bionano Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Yeol Yang
- Neurophysiology Research Group, Bionano Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sun Lee
- Neurophysiology Research Group, Bionano Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kweon Yu
- Neurophysiology Research Group, Bionano Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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140
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Imai Y, Dobrian AD, Morris MA, Nadler JL. Islet inflammation: a unifying target for diabetes treatment? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:351-60. [PMID: 23484621 PMCID: PMC3686848 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, islet inflammation has emerged as a contributor to the loss of functional β cell mass in both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Evidence supports the idea that overnutrition and insulin resistance result in the production of proinflammatory mediators by β cells. In addition to compromising β cell function and survival, cytokines may recruit macrophages into islets, thus augmenting inflammation. Limited but intriguing data imply a role of adaptive immune response in islet dysfunction in T2D. Clinical trials have validated anti-inflammatory therapies in T2D, whereas immune therapy for T1D remains challenging. Further research is required to improve our understanding of islet inflammatory pathways and to identify more effective therapeutic targets for T1D and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Imai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
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141
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Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in diabetes mellitus: progress and challenges. J Nucleic Acids 2013; 2013:194858. [PMID: 23762531 PMCID: PMC3666198 DOI: 10.1155/2013/194858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular, nervous, and renal complications. Attempts to cure diabetes mellitus using islet transplantation have been successful in providing a source for insulin secreting cells. However, limited donors, graft rejection, the need for continued immune suppression, and exhaustion of the donor cell pool prompted the search for a more sustained source of insulin secreting cells. Stem cell therapy is a promising alternative for islet transplantation in type 2 diabetic patients who fail to control hyperglycemia even with insulin injection. Autologous stem cell transplantation may provide the best outcome for those patients, since autologous cells are readily available and do not entail prolonged hospital stays or sustained immunotoxic therapy. Among autologous adult stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has been applied with varying degrees of success in both animal models and in clinical trials. This review will focus on the advantages of MSCs over other types of stem cells and the possible mechanisms by which MSCs transplant restores normoglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Sources of MSCs including autologous cells from diabetic patients and the use of various differentiation protocols in relation to best transplant outcome will be discussed.
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142
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Teodoro-Morrison T, Schuiki I, Zhang L, Belsham DD, Volchuk A. GRP78 overproduction in pancreatic beta cells protects against high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1057-67. [PMID: 23475366 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been detected in pancreatic beta cells and in insulin-sensitive tissues, such as adipose and liver, in obesity-linked rodent models of type 2 diabetes. The contribution of ER stress to pancreatic beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes is unclear. We hypothesised that increased chaperone capacity protects beta cells from ER stress and dysfunction caused by obesity and improves overall glucose homeostasis. METHODS We generated a mouse model that overproduces the resident ER chaperone GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa) in pancreatic beta cells under the control of a rat insulin promoter. These mice were subjected to high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 20 weeks and metabolic variables and markers of ER stress in islets were measured. RESULTS As expected, control mice on the HFD developed obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. In contrast, GRP78 transgenic mice tended to be leaner than their non-transgenic littermates and were protected against development of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and ER stress in islets. Furthermore, islets from transgenic mice had a normal insulin content and normal levels of cell-surface GLUT2 (glucose transporter 2) and the transgenic mice were less hyperinsulinaemic than control mice on the HFD. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data show that increased chaperone capacity in beta cells provides protection against the pathogenesis of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes by maintaining pancreatic beta cell function, which ultimately improves whole-body glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Teodoro-Morrison
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, TMDT 10-706, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
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143
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Abstract
Adp (adiponectin), an adipocyte-secreted hormone, exerts its effect via its specific receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 (adiponectin receptors 1 and 2), on insulin-sensitive cells in muscle, liver and adipose tissues, and plays an important role in lipid and glucose metabolisms. The study has investigated the effect of insulin on AdipoRs expression in muscle and fat cells. Differentiated fat [3T3-L1 (mouse adipocytes)], L6 (skeletal muscle) and vascular smooth muscle (PAC1) cells were serum starved and exposed to 100 nM insulin for 1-24 h. AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNAs expression was monitored by real-time PCR. The results demonstrate that insulin down-regulates both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNAs levels in a biphasic manner in L6 and PAC1 cells. Insulin had little or no effect in the regulation of AdipoR1 expression in 3T3-L1 cells, but significantly up-regulated AdipoR2 mRNA level in a biphasic manner. The fact that insulin differentially regulates the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in muscle and fat cells suggests this is also dependent on the availability of the endogenous ligand, such as Adp for AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in fat cells. The effects of globular Adp were also tested on insulin-regulated expression of AdipoRs in L6 cells, and found to up-regulate and counter insulin-mediated suppression of AdipoRs expression in L6 cells.
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144
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Ye R, Scherer PE. Adiponectin, driver or passenger on the road to insulin sensitivity? Mol Metab 2013; 2:133-41. [PMID: 24049728 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 20 years have passed since the first laboratory evidence emerged that an abundant message encoding a protein with homology to the C1q superfamily is highly specifically expressed in adipocytes. At this stage, we refer to this protein as adiponectin. Despite more than 10,000 reports in the literature since its initial description, we seem to have written only the first chapter in the textbook on adiponectin physiology. With every new aspect we learn about adiponectin, a host of new questions arise with respect to the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we aim to summarize recent findings in the field and bring the rodent studies that suggest a causal relationship between adiponectin levels in plasma and systemic insulin sensitivity in perspective with the currently available data on the clinical side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Ye
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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145
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Golbidi S, Laher I. Potential mechanisms of exercise in gestational diabetes. J Nutr Metab 2013; 2013:285948. [PMID: 23691290 PMCID: PMC3649306 DOI: 10.1155/2013/285948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance first diagnosed during pregnancy. This condition shares same array of underlying abnormalities as occurs in diabetes outside of pregnancy, for example, genetic and environmental causes. However, the role of a sedentary lifestyle and/or excess energy intake is more prominent in GDM. Physically active women are less likely to develop GDM and other pregnancy-related diseases. Weight gain in pregnancy causes increased release of adipokines from adipose tissue; many adipokines increase oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Increased intramyocellular lipids also increase cellular oxidative stress with subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species. A well-planned program of exercise is an important component of a healthy lifestyle and, in spite of old myths, is also recommended during pregnancy. This paper briefly reviews the role of adipokines in gestational diabetes and attempts to shed some light on the mechanisms by which exercise can be beneficial as an adjuvant therapy in GDM. In this regard, we discuss the mechanisms by which exercise increases insulin sensitivity, changes adipokine profile levels, and boosts antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Golbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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146
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Nigro E, Scudiero O, Sarnataro D, Mazzarella G, Sofia M, Bianco A, Daniele A. Adiponectin affects lung epithelial A549 cell viability counteracting TNFα and IL-1ß toxicity through AdipoR1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1145-53. [PMID: 23500159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Acrp30) exerts protective functions on metabolic and cellular processes as energy metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation by two widely expressed receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. To date, the biological role of Acrp30 in lung has not been completely assessed but altered levels of Acrp30 and modulated expression of both AdipoRs have been related to establishment and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Here, we investigated the effects of Acrp30 on A549, a human alveolar epithelial cell line, showing how, in a time and dose-dependent manner, it decreases cell viability and increases apoptosis through ERK1/2 and AKT. Furthermore, we examined the effects of Acrp30 on A549 cells exposed to TNFα and/or IL-1ß, two potent lung inflammatory cytokines. We showed that Acrp30, in dose- and time-dependent manner, reduces cytotoxic effects of TNFα and/or IL-1ß improving cell viability and decreasing apoptosis. In addition, Acrp30 inhibits NF-κB nuclear trans-activation and induces the expression of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine without modifying that of pro-inflammatory IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 molecules via ERK1/2 and AKT. Finally, specifically silencing AdipoR1 or AdipoR2, we observed that NF-κB inhibition is mainly mediated by AdipoR1. Taken together, our data provides novel evidence for a direct effect of Acrp30 on the proliferation and inflammation status of A549 cells strongly supporting the hypothesis for a protective role of Acrp30 in lung. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the Acrp30 lung effects in vivo but our results confirm this adipokine as a promising therapeutic target in lung diseases.
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147
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Hu D, Fukuhara A, Miyata Y, Yokoyama C, Otsuki M, Kihara S, Shimomura I. Adiponectin regulates vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression in macrophages via Syk-ERK pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56071. [PMID: 23424645 PMCID: PMC3570530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is exclusively expressed in adipose tissues and exhibits protective effects against cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. It enhances AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) signaling in the liver and skeletal muscles, however, its signaling pathways in macrophages remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that adiponectin upregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, and induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in macrophages. Inhibition of Syk abrogated adiponectin-induced VEGF-C expression and ERK phosphorylation. Furthermore, inhibition of ERK blocked the induction of VEGF-C gene. Inhibition of Syk, but not that of ERK, abrogated adiponectin-induced expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and interleukin (IL)-6. These results indicate that adiponectin regulates VEGF-C expression via Syk-ERK pathway in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Hu
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamamdaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsunori Fukuhara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamamdaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yugo Miyata
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamamdaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chieko Yokoyama
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamamdaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Otsuki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamamdaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1–7, Yamamdaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamamdaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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148
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Pham MN, Kolb H, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Battelino T, Ludvigsson J, Pozzilli P, Roden M, Schloot NC. Serum adipokines as biomarkers of beta-cell function in patients with type 1 diabetes: positive association with leptin and resistin and negative association with adiponectin. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2013. [PMID: 23197433 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the adipokines adiponectin, leptin and resistin as serum biomarkers of beta-cell function in patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS One hundred and eighteen patients with type 1 diabetes (20.3 ± 7.5 years) diagnosed <5 years underwent standardized mixed meal test (MMTT) for 2 h. Systemic concentrations of C-peptide, adiponectin, leptin and resistin obtained during MMTT were measured and compared between patient groups by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Patients were divided by their adipokine levels in subgroups above or below the median level ('high versus low'). High adiponectin levels (>10.6 µg/mL) were associated with lower C-peptide compared to the low adiponectin subgroup (p < 0.03). Increased leptin or resistin concentrations associated positively with beta-cell function even after adjustment for metabolic confounders (p < 0.04). The described associations between adipokines and C-peptide concentrations persisted in Spearman correlation tests (p < 0.05). Serum adipokines fell during MMTT (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum adipokine levels differentially correlate with beta-cell function in type 1 diabetes independent of BMI or metabolic control. Serum adipokines should be investigated as biomarkers of beta-cell function in prospective studies and intervention trials in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Nguyet Pham
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology at German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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149
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Adiponectin receptors in energy homeostasis and obesity pathogenesis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 114:317-42. [PMID: 23317789 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386933-3.00009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines, that is factors secreted by adipose tissue, act through a network of autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine pathways to regulate several aspects of physiology, including glucose and lipid metabolism, neuroendocrine function, reproduction, and cardiovascular function. In particular, adiponectin, a 30-kDa protein, is associated with the regulation of insulin sensitivity, and its levels in serum are affected by altered metabolic homeostasis. Adiponectin effects are mediated by adiponectin receptors, which occur as two isoforms (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). Transcriptional regulation of adiponectin is by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). However, acting through AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, adiponectin enhances 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the PPARα-mediated pathways in the liver and skeletal muscles. Adiponectin receptors mediate a wide spectrum of metabolic reactions, including gluconeogenesis and fatty-acid oxidation. Altogether, adiponectin deficiency and/or decreased adiponectin receptor-mediated activity possibly contribute to insulin resistance in metabolic syndromes, coronary heart disease, and liver disease.
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150
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Vu V, Bui P, Eguchi M, Xu A, Sweeney G. Globular adiponectin induces LKB1/AMPK-dependent glucose uptake via actin cytoskeleton remodeling. J Mol Endocrinol 2013; 51:155-65. [PMID: 23709749 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that many metabolic actions of adiponectin are mediated via the activation of AMP kinase and that adiponectin stimulates GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in the muscle. In this study, we demonstrate that adiponectin stimulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling, with increased phosphorylation of cofilin, and that blocking of cytoskeletal remodeling with cytochalasin D prevents adiponectin-stimulated AMPK phosphorylation in L6 myoblasts. LKB1 is an upstream kinase of AMPK, and we observed the colocalization of LKB1 with filamentous actin in response to adiponectin. Adiponectin-stimulated translocation of LKB1 from a nuclear to a cytoplasmic location to activate AMPK was also dependent on actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Cytoskeletal remodeling visualized by rhodamine-phalloidin immunofluorescence indicated that adiponectin-stimulated reorganization resulted in the formation membrane ruffles, which were also clearly visible by scanning electron microscopy in L6-GLUT4(myc) myoblasts. The stimulation of glucose uptake, but not of GLUT4-myc translocation to the cell surface, by adiponectin was also dependent on actin cytoskeleton remodeling. These results suggest that actin remodeling induced by adiponectin is essential for mediating LKB1/AMPK signaling and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Vu
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
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