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Targetable Pathways for Alleviating Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration of Metabolic and Non-Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111444. [PMID: 34768878 PMCID: PMC8583882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative and inherited metabolic diseases frequently compromise nervous system function, and mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated as key events leading to neurodegeneration. Mitochondria are essential for neuronal function; however, these organelles are major sources of endogenous reactive oxygen species and are vulnerable targets for oxidative stress-induced damage. The brain is very susceptible to oxidative damage due to its high metabolic demand and low antioxidant defence systems, therefore minimal imbalances in the redox state can result in an oxidative environment that favours tissue damage and activates neuroinflammatory processes. Mitochondrial-associated molecular pathways are often compromised in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration, including the parkin/PINK1, Nrf2, PGC1α, and PPARγ pathways. Impairments to these signalling pathways consequently effect the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria, which has been suggested as contributing to the development of neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial dysfunction prevention has become an attractive therapeutic target, and there are several molecular pathways that can be pharmacologically targeted to remove damaged mitochondria by inducing mitochondrial biogenesis or mitophagy, as well as increasing the antioxidant capacity of the brain, in order to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and prevent the development and progression of neurodegeneration in these disorders. Compounds such as natural polyphenolic compounds, bioactive quinones, and Nrf2 activators have been reported in the literature as novel therapeutic candidates capable of targeting defective mitochondrial pathways in order to improve mitochondrial function and reduce the severity of neurodegeneration in these disorders.
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Polistena B, Rigante D, Sicignano LL, Verrecchia E, Manna R, d’Angela D, Spandonaro F. Survey about the Quality of Life of Italian Patients with Fabry Disease. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9040072. [PMID: 34698147 PMCID: PMC8544536 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a genetic disease included in the group of lysosomal storage disorders, caused by X-linked deficiency of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A. The aim of this study was to evaluate different aspects related to the quality of life (QoL) of a multicentre cohort of Italian patients with FD. An observational survey was conducted to measure health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in FD patients using the CAPI (Computer-Assisted Personal Interview) method: 106 patients (mostly women) responded to the questionnaire. Geographically, 53.7% of patients lived in northern Italy, 18.9% in central Italy and 27.4% in southern Italy or the Islands. All data were collected through a five-dimensional EuroQoL questionnaire referring to functional aspects (mobility, personal care, routine activities) and perception of physical/mental well-being (pain or discomfort, anxiety or depression). A descriptive analysis of responses was performed; FD patients were compared in terms of QoL with subjects suffering from other chronic diseases, such as Crohn’s disease, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and multiple sclerosis. Difficulty in normal daily activities was reported by 47.2% of FD patients. About one third of subjects also had mobility difficulties. Feelings of loneliness and isolation were reported by 33.3% of those being 60–69 years old. Anxiety was equally reported in both oldest and youngest patients (66.7%), while depression, relational problems, fear of other people’s judgement increased along with age, reaching 66.7% in the over-70-years group. Male patients were largely troubled about the risk of physical disability, particularly those aged 60 years or over. Furthermore, FD patients had a poorer QoL than people suffering from other chronic inflammatory disorders. Our study upholds that FD patients have a poor QoL, as already known, negatively impacting psychic well-being and social activities. Our survey has also found a worse QoL in FD patients compared with other severe chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Polistena
- Department of Economic and Finance, University of Rome Tor Vergata, C.R.E.A. Sanità, via Columbia n. 2, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.d.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Donato Rigante
- Department of Life Sciences and Global Health, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Luca Sicignano
- Rare diseases and Periodic Fever Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.L.S.); (E.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Elena Verrecchia
- Rare diseases and Periodic Fever Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.L.S.); (E.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Raffaele Manna
- Rare diseases and Periodic Fever Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.L.S.); (E.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniela d’Angela
- Department of Economic and Finance, University of Rome Tor Vergata, C.R.E.A. Sanità, via Columbia n. 2, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.d.); (F.S.)
| | - Federico Spandonaro
- Department of Economic and Finance, University of Rome Tor Vergata, C.R.E.A. Sanità, via Columbia n. 2, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.d.); (F.S.)
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103
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Sevin C, Deiva K. Clinical Trials for Gene Therapy in Lysosomal Diseases With CNS Involvement. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:624988. [PMID: 34604300 PMCID: PMC8481654 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.624988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
There are over 70 known lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), most caused by mutations in genes encoding lysosomal hydrolases. Central nervous system involvement is a hallmark of the majority of LSDs and, if present, generally determines the prognosis of the disease. Nonetheless, brain disease is currently poorly targeted by available therapies, including systemic enzyme replacement therapy, mostly (but not only) due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier that restricts the access of orally or parenterally administered large molecules into the brain. Thus, one of the greatest and most exciting challenges over coming years will be to succeed in developing effective therapies for the treatment of central nervous system manifestations in LSDs. Over recent years, gene therapy (GT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for a variety of inherited neurodegenerative diseases. In LSDs, the ability of genetically corrected cells to cross-correct adjacent lysosomal enzyme-deficient cells in the brain after gene transfer might enhance the diffusion of the recombinant enzyme, making this group of diseases a strong candidate for such an approach. Both in vivo (using the administration of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors) and ex vivo (auto-transplantation of lentiviral vector-modified hematopoietic stem cells-HSCs) strategies are feasible. Promising results have been obtained in an ever-increasing number of preclinical studies in rodents and large animal models of LSDs, and these give great hope of GT successfully correcting neurological defects, once translated to clinical practice. We are now at the stage of treating patients, and various clinical trials are underway, to assess the safety and efficacy of in vivo and ex vivo GT in several neuropathic LSDs. In this review, we summarize different approaches being developed and review the current clinical trials related to neuropathic LSDs, their results (if any), and their limitations. We will also discuss the pitfalls and the remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sevin
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Kumaran Deiva
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Tang Q, Liu M, Liu Y, Hwang RD, Zhang T, Wang J. NDST3 deacetylates α-tubulin and suppresses V-ATPase assembly and lysosomal acidification. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107204. [PMID: 34435379 PMCID: PMC8488563 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are key organelles maintaining cellular homeostasis in health and disease. Here, we report the identification of N‐deacetylase and N‐sulfotransferase 3 (NDST3) as a potent regulator of lysosomal functions through an unbiased genetic screen. NDST3 constitutes a new member of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family and catalyzes the deacetylation of α‐tubulin. Loss of NDST3 promotes assembly of the V‐ATPase holoenzyme on the lysosomal membrane and thereby increases the acidification of the organelle. NDST3 is downregulated in tissues and cells from patients carrying the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion linked to the neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Deficiency in C9orf72 decreases the level of NDST3, and downregulation of NDST3 exacerbates the proteotoxicity of poly‐dipeptides generated from the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeats. These results demonstrate a previously unknown regulatory mechanism through which microtubule acetylation regulates lysosomal activities and suggest that NDST3 could be targeted to modulate microtubule and lysosomal functions in relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mingming Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ran-Der Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiou Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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105
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Feltri ML, Weinstock NI, Favret J, Dhimal N, Wrabetz L, Shin D. Mechanisms of demyelination and neurodegeneration in globoid cell leukodystrophy. Glia 2021; 69:2309-2331. [PMID: 33851745 PMCID: PMC8502241 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), also known as Krabbe disease, is a lysosomal storage disorder causing extensive demyelination in the central and peripheral nervous systems. GLD is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the lysosomal hydrolase, galactosylceramidase (GALC), which catabolizes the myelin sphingolipid galactosylceramide. The pathophysiology of GLD is complex and reflects the expression of GALC in a number of glial and neural cell types in both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS), as well as leukocytes and kidney in the periphery. Over the years, GLD has garnered a wide range of scientific and medical interests, especially as a model system to study gene therapy and novel preclinical therapeutic approaches to treat the spontaneous murine model for GLD. Here, we review recent findings in the field of Krabbe disease, with particular emphasis on novel aspects of GALC physiology, GLD pathophysiology, and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Nadav I. Weinstock
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jacob Favret
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Biotechnical and Clinical Lab Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Narayan Dhimal
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Daesung Shin
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Biotechnical and Clinical Lab Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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106
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Tuttolomondo A, Simonetta I, Riolo R, Todaro F, Di Chiara T, Miceli S, Pinto A. Pathogenesis and Molecular Mechanisms of Anderson-Fabry Disease and Possible New Molecular Addressed Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10088. [PMID: 34576250 PMCID: PMC8465525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) is a rare disease with an incidenceof approximately 1:117,000 male births. Lysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) is the element characterizing Fabry disease due to a hereditary deficiency α-galactosidase A (GLA) enzyme. The accumulation of Gb3 causes lysosomal dysfunction that compromises cell signaling pathways. Deposition of sphingolipids occurs in the autonomic nervous system, dorsal root ganglia, kidney epithelial cells, vascular system cells, and myocardial cells, resulting in organ failure. This manuscript will review the molecular pathogenetic pathways involved in Anderson-Fabry disease and in its organ damage. Some studies reported that inhibition of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism plays a significant role in AFD cardiomyopathy and in kidney disease of AFD patients. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported as linked to the dysregulation of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway which inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) mediated control of mitochondrial metabolism in AFD cells. Cerebrovascular complications due to AFD are caused by cerebral micro vessel stenosis. These are caused by wall thickening resulting from the intramural accumulation of glycolipids, luminal occlusion or thrombosis. Other pathogenetic mechanisms involved in organ damage linked to Gb3 accumulation are endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of endothelial calcium-activated intermediate-conductance potassium ion channel 3.1 (KCa3.1) via a clathrin-dependent process. This process represents a crucial event in endothelial dysfunction. Several studies have identified the deacylated form of Gb3, globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb3), as the main catabolite that increases in plasma and urine in patients with AFD. The mean concentrations of Gb3 in all organs and plasma of Galactosidase A knockout mice were significantly higher than those of wild-type mice. The distributions of Gb3 isoforms vary from organ to organ. Various Gb3 isoforms were observed mainly in the kidneys, and kidney-specific Gb3 isoforms were hydroxylated. Furthermore, the action of Gb3 on the KCa3.1 channel suggests a possible contribution of this interaction to the Fabry disease process, as this channel is expressed in various cells, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells in proliferation, microglia, and lymphocytes. These molecular pathways could be considered a potential therapeutic target to correct the enzyme in addition to the traditional enzyme replacement therapies (ERT) or drug chaperone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (I.S.); (R.R.); (F.T.); (T.D.C.); (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale per la Cura e Diagnosi della Malattia di Anderson–Fabry, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine PhD Programme, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Irene Simonetta
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (I.S.); (R.R.); (F.T.); (T.D.C.); (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale per la Cura e Diagnosi della Malattia di Anderson–Fabry, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine PhD Programme, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Renata Riolo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (I.S.); (R.R.); (F.T.); (T.D.C.); (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale per la Cura e Diagnosi della Malattia di Anderson–Fabry, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Todaro
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (I.S.); (R.R.); (F.T.); (T.D.C.); (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale per la Cura e Diagnosi della Malattia di Anderson–Fabry, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Di Chiara
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (I.S.); (R.R.); (F.T.); (T.D.C.); (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale per la Cura e Diagnosi della Malattia di Anderson–Fabry, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Miceli
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (I.S.); (R.R.); (F.T.); (T.D.C.); (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale per la Cura e Diagnosi della Malattia di Anderson–Fabry, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine PhD Programme, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (I.S.); (R.R.); (F.T.); (T.D.C.); (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale per la Cura e Diagnosi della Malattia di Anderson–Fabry, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine PhD Programme, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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107
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Torres S, Solsona-Vilarrasa E, Nuñez S, Matías N, Insausti-Urkia N, Castro F, Casasempere M, Fabriás G, Casas J, Enrich C, Fernández-Checa JC, Garcia-Ruiz C. Acid ceramidase improves mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in Niemann-Pick type C disease by repressing STARD1 expression and mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102052. [PMID: 34175669 PMCID: PMC8254009 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease, a lysosomal storage disorder caused by defective NPC1/NPC2 function, results in the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in lysosomes of affected organs, such as liver and brain. Moreover, increase of mitochondrial cholesterol (mchol) content and impaired mitochondrial function and GSH depletion contribute to NPC disease. However, the underlying mechanism of mchol accumulation in NPC disease remains unknown. As STARD1 is crucial in intramitochondrial cholesterol trafficking and acid ceramidase (ACDase) has been shown to regulate STARD1, we explored the functional relationship between ACDase and STARD1 in NPC disease. Liver and brain of Npc1-/- mice presented a significant increase in mchol levels and STARD1 expression. U18666A, an amphiphilic sterol that inhibits lysosomal cholesterol efflux, increased mchol levels in hepatocytes from Stard1f/f mice but not Stard1ΔHep mice. We dissociate the induction of STARD1 expression from endoplasmic reticulum stress, and establish an inverse relationship between ACDase and STARD1 expression and LRH-1 levels. Hepatocytes from Npc1+/+ mice treated with U18666A exhibited increased mchol accumulation, STARD1 upregulation and decreased ACDase expression, effects that were reversed by cholesterol extraction with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Moreover, transfection of fibroblasts from NPC patients with ACDase, decreased STARD1 expression and mchol accumulation, resulting in increased mitochondrial GSH levels, improved mitochondrial functional performance, decreased oxidative stress and protected NPC fibroblasts against oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Our results demonstrate a cholesterol-dependent inverse relationship between ACDase and STARD1 and provide a novel approach to target the accumulation of cholesterol in mitochondria in NPC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Torres
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estel Solsona-Vilarrasa
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Nuñez
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Matías
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naroa Insausti-Urkia
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernanda Castro
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Casasempere
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departament de Química Orgànica Biològica, Institut d'Investigacions Químiques i Ambientals de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Fabriás
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departament de Química Orgànica Biològica, Institut d'Investigacions Químiques i Ambientals de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departament de Química Orgànica Biològica, Institut d'Investigacions Químiques i Ambientals de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José C Fernández-Checa
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain; Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, Univerisity of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain; Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, Univerisity of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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108
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Gahramanova L, Galbinur T, Mammadkhanova A. LATE-ONSET LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISORDER WITH MACULAR CHERRY-RED SPOT. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2021; 15:602-604. [PMID: 30839441 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To report a case of late-onset lysosomal storage disorder presenting with bilateral macular cherry-red spot. METHODS Case report. RESULTS A 20-year-old female patient with bilateral progressive visual loss was found to have bilateral macular cherry-red spots and was subsequently diagnosed as a possible late-onset Tay-Sachs disease according to results of the genetic analysis. CONCLUSION Most lysosomal storage disorders are known as pediatric diseases. However, we must consider the possibility of late-onset lysosomal disorder in case of progressive visual loss and macular cherry-red spot in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Gahramanova
- Ophthalmology Division, Caspian International Hospital, Baku, Azerbaijan ; and
| | - Tural Galbinur
- Ophthalmology Division, Caspian International Hospital, Baku, Azerbaijan ; and
- Department of Ophthalmology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Ayan Mammadkhanova
- Ophthalmology Division, Caspian International Hospital, Baku, Azerbaijan ; and
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109
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Yang S, Zhan Y, Shou W, Chen L, Lin Z, Guo L. 1,2,4-Triaminobenzene as a Fluorescent Probe for Intracellular pH Imaging and Point-of-Care Ammonia Sensing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6065-6072. [PMID: 35006915 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As one of the health indicators, intracellular pH plays important roles in many processes of cell functions. Abnormal pH changes would result in the occurrence of inflammation, cancer, and other diseases. Thus, it is of significant importance to develop effective techniques for sensitive detection of pH changes for the clinical diagnosis of various diseases related to cells. In this paper, 1,2,4-triaminobenzene hydrochloride was explored as an organic molecular fluorescent probe for sensitive and selective detection of intracellular pH changes for the first time. Due to the protonation and deprotonation of amino groups of the probe, its fluorescent intensity at 599 nm or the ratio of absorbance at 505 and 442 nm has a good linear relationship with pH values in the range of 5.0-7.0. Benefiting from the excellent physical and chemical properties of 1,2,4-triaminobenzene hydrochloride, the fluorescent probe has good water solubility, low toxicity, high photostability, great reversibility, good cell penetration, fast response speed, and so on. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the proposed probe is employed for the fluorescence imaging of cells and mouse tissue sections with satisfactory performance in pH differentiation. Additionally, the probe was successfully employed to prepare test strips as a kind of point-of-care testing device to detect ammonia, which showed great potential in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangting Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350116, China.,College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350116, China
| | - Wen Shou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350116, China.,College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lifen Chen
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350116, China
| | - Longhua Guo
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
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110
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Gu X, Yang H, Sheng X, Ko YA, Qiu C, Park J, Huang S, Kember R, Judy RL, Park J, Damrauer SM, Nadkarni G, Loos RJF, My VTH, Chaudhary K, Bottinger EP, Paranjpe I, Saha A, Brown C, Akilesh S, Hung AM, Palmer M, Baras A, Overton JD, Reid J, Ritchie M, Rader DJ, Susztak K. Kidney disease genetic risk variants alter lysosomal beta-mannosidase ( MANBA) expression and disease severity. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/576/eaaz1458. [PMID: 33441424 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
More than 800 million people in the world suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of loci where genetic variants are associated with kidney function; however, causal genes and pathways for CKD remain unknown. Here, we performed integration of kidney function GWAS and human kidney-specific expression quantitative trait analysis and identified that the expression of beta-mannosidase (MANBA) was lower in kidneys of subjects with CKD risk genotype. We also show an increased incidence of renal failure in subjects with rare heterozygous loss-of-function coding variants in MANBA using phenome-wide association analysis of 40,963 subjects with exome sequencing data. MANBA is a lysosomal gene highly expressed in kidney tubule cells. Deep phenotyping revealed structural and functional lysosomal alterations in human kidneys from subjects with CKD risk alleles and mice with genetic deletion of Manba Manba heterozygous and knockout mice developed more severe kidney fibrosis when subjected to toxic injury induced by cisplatin or folic acid. Manba loss altered multiple pathways, including endocytosis and autophagy. In the absence of Manba, toxic acute tubule injury induced inflammasome activation and fibrosis. Together, these results illustrate the convergence of common noncoding and rare coding variants in MANBA in kidney disease development and demonstrate the role of the endolysosomal system in kidney disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchen Gu
- Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Hongliu Yang
- Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chengxiang Qiu
- Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jihwan Park
- Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shizheng Huang
- Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rachel Kember
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Renae L Judy
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph Park
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Girish Nadkarni
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Hasso Plattner Institute of Digital Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vy Thi Ha My
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kumardeep Chaudhary
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Hasso Plattner Institute of Digital Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ishan Paranjpe
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aparna Saha
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christopher Brown
- Department of Genetics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shreeram Akilesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adriana M Hung
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Matthew Palmer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center (RGC), 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - John D Overton
- Regeneron Genetics Center (RGC), 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jeffrey Reid
- Regeneron Genetics Center (RGC), 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Marylyn Ritchie
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Department of Genetics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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111
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Wu Y, Song X, Wang N, Cong S, Zhao X, Rai R, Tan M. Carbon dots from roasted chicken accumulate in lysosomes and induce lysosome-dependent cell death. Food Funct 2021; 11:10105-10113. [PMID: 33140815 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02144j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thermal processing may generate toxicants. Carbon dots (CDs) from baked foods are toxic to cells; however, their molecular mechanism is still unexplored to date. The present study investigated the effects of CDs from roasted chicken breasts on normal rat kidney (NRK) and Caco-2 cells. The average size of CDs heated at 200 °C and 300 °C was about 2.8 nm and 1.2 nm, respectively. The element and surface groups of CDs were analyzed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. It was confirmed that the CDs were internalized in lysosomes and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, Z-VAD-FMK did not decrease the rate of apoptosis. The acquired data further confirmed that these internalized CDs enlarged lysosomes, decreased the lysosomal enzyme degradation activity and increased the lysosomal pH value. An increase in the co-localization of RIPK3 in lysosomes in the CD-treated groups was observed. The CD treatment increased the protein level of receptor interaction protein 1 (RIPK1) and receptor interaction protein 3 (RIPK3). Overall, CDs from the baked chicken breast induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and initiated lysosome-dependent cell death and necroptosis. Our results elucidated the toxic mechanism of CDs from baked chicken breast and implied that food thermal processing at a lower temperature is beneficial to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
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112
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Jamalpoor A, van Gelder CAGH, Yousef Yengej FA, Zaal EA, Berlingerio SP, Veys KR, Pou Casellas C, Voskuil K, Essa K, Ammerlaan CME, Rega LR, van der Welle REN, Lilien MR, Rookmaaker MB, Clevers H, Klumperman J, Levtchenko E, Berkers CR, Verhaar MC, Altelaar M, Masereeuw R, Janssen MJ. Cysteamine-bicalutamide combination therapy corrects proximal tubule phenotype in cystinosis. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13067. [PMID: 34165243 PMCID: PMC8261496 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephropathic cystinosis is a severe monogenic kidney disorder caused by mutations in CTNS, encoding the lysosomal transporter cystinosin, resulting in lysosomal cystine accumulation. The sole treatment, cysteamine, slows down the disease progression, but does not correct the established renal proximal tubulopathy. Here, we developed a new therapeutic strategy by applying omics to expand our knowledge on the complexity of the disease and prioritize drug targets in cystinosis. We identified alpha-ketoglutarate as a potential metabolite to bridge cystinosin loss to autophagy, apoptosis and kidney proximal tubule impairment in cystinosis. This insight combined with a drug screen revealed a bicalutamide-cysteamine combination treatment as a novel dual-target pharmacological approach for the phenotypical correction of cystinotic kidney proximal tubule cells, patient-derived kidney tubuloids and cystinotic zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Jamalpoor
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Charlotte AGH van Gelder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and ProteomicsBijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Fjodor A Yousef Yengej
- Hubrecht Institute‐Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Esther A Zaal
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and ProteomicsBijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Division of Cell Biology, Cancer & MetabolismDepartment of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Sante P Berlingerio
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Growth and RegenerationUniversity Hospitals Leuven & KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Koenraad R Veys
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Growth and RegenerationUniversity Hospitals Leuven & KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Carla Pou Casellas
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Koen Voskuil
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Khaled Essa
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Carola ME Ammerlaan
- Hubrecht Institute‐Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Laura Rita Rega
- Renal Diseases Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research AreaBambino Gesù Children’s HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Reini EN van der Welle
- Section Cell BiologyCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marc R Lilien
- Department of Pediatric NephrologyWilhelmina Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Maarten B Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute‐Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Section Cell BiologyCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Growth and RegenerationUniversity Hospitals Leuven & KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Celia R Berkers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and ProteomicsBijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Division of Cell Biology, Cancer & MetabolismDepartment of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and ProteomicsBijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Manoe J Janssen
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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113
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Metabolomic profiling of single enlarged lysosomes. Nat Methods 2021; 18:788-798. [PMID: 34127857 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are critical for cellular metabolism and are heterogeneously involved in various cellular processes. The ability to measure lysosomal metabolic heterogeneity is essential for understanding their physiological roles. We therefore built a single-lysosome mass spectrometry (SLMS) platform integrating lysosomal patch-clamp recording and induced nano-electrospray ionization (nanoESI)/mass spectrometry (MS) that enables concurrent metabolic and electrophysiological profiling of individual enlarged lysosomes. The accuracy and reliability of this technique were validated by supporting previous findings, such as the transportability of lysosomal cationic amino acids transporters such as PQLC2 and the lysosomal trapping of lysosomotropic, hydrophobic weak base drugs such as lidocaine. We derived metabolites from single lysosomes in various cell types and classified lysosomes into five major subpopulations based on their chemical and biological divergence. Senescence and carcinoma altered metabolic profiles of lysosomes in a type-specific manner. Thus, SLMS can open more avenues for investigating heterogeneous lysosomal metabolic changes during physiological and pathological processes.
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114
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Chin M, Patwardhan AR, Ang KH, Wang AL, Alquezar C, Welch M, Nguyen PT, Grabe M, Molofsky AV, Arkin MR, Kao AW. Genetically Encoded, pH-Sensitive mTFP1 Biosensor for Probing Lysosomal pH. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2168-2180. [PMID: 34102054 PMCID: PMC8240087 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are important sites for macromolecular degradation, defined by an acidic lumenal pH of ∼4.5. To better understand lysosomal pH, we designed a novel, genetically encoded, fluorescent protein (FP)-based pH biosensor called Fluorescence Indicator REporting pH in Lysosomes (FIRE-pHLy). This biosensor was targeted to lysosomes with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and reported lumenal pH between 3.5 and 6.0 with monomeric teal fluorescent protein 1 (mTFP1), a bright cyan pH-sensitive FP variant with a pKa of 4.3. Ratiometric quantification was enabled with cytosolically oriented mCherry using high-content quantitative imaging. We expressed FIRE-pHLy in several cellular models and quantified the alkalinizing response to bafilomycin A1, a specific V-ATPase inhibitor. In summary, we have engineered FIRE-pHLy, a specific, robust, and versatile lysosomal pH biosensor, that has broad applications for investigating pH dynamics in aging- and lysosome-related diseases, as well as in lysosome-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus
Y. Chin
- Memory
and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Small
Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Anand R. Patwardhan
- Memory
and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kean-Hooi Ang
- Small
Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Austin L. Wang
- Memory
and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Carolina Alquezar
- Memory
and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Mackenzie Welch
- Memory
and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Phi T. Nguyen
- Weill
Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael Grabe
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Anna V. Molofsky
- Weill
Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michelle R. Arkin
- Small
Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Aimee W. Kao
- Memory
and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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115
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Ullman JC, Arguello A, Getz JA, Bhalla A, Mahon CS, Wang J, Giese T, Bedard C, Kim DJ, Blumenfeld JR, Liang N, Ravi R, Nugent AA, Davis SS, Ha C, Duque J, Tran HL, Wells RC, Lianoglou S, Daryani VM, Kwan W, Solanoy H, Nguyen H, Earr T, Dugas JC, Tuck MD, Harvey JL, Reyzer ML, Caprioli RM, Hall S, Poda S, Sanchez PE, Dennis MS, Gunasekaran K, Srivastava A, Sandmann T, Henne KR, Thorne RG, Di Paolo G, Astarita G, Diaz D, Silverman AP, Watts RJ, Sweeney ZK, Kariolis MS, Henry AG. Brain delivery and activity of a lysosomal enzyme using a blood-brain barrier transport vehicle in mice. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/545/eaay1163. [PMID: 32461331 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) involve progressive central nervous system (CNS) impairment, resulting from deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme. Treatment of neuronopathic LSDs remains a considerable challenge, as approved intravenously administered enzyme therapies are ineffective in modifying CNS disease because they do not effectively cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We describe a therapeutic platform for increasing the brain exposure of enzyme replacement therapies. The enzyme transport vehicle (ETV) is a lysosomal enzyme fused to an Fc domain that has been engineered to bind to the transferrin receptor, which facilitates receptor-mediated transcytosis across the BBB. We demonstrate that ETV fusions containing iduronate 2-sulfatase (ETV:IDS), the lysosomal enzyme deficient in mucopolysaccharidosis type II, exhibited high intrinsic activity and degraded accumulated substrates in both IDS-deficient cell and in vivo models. ETV substantially improved brain delivery of IDS in a preclinical model of disease, enabling enhanced cellular distribution to neurons, astrocytes, and microglia throughout the brain. Improved brain exposure for ETV:IDS translated to a reduction in accumulated substrates in these CNS cell types and peripheral tissues and resulted in a complete correction of downstream disease-relevant pathologies in the brain, including secondary accumulation of lysosomal lipids, perturbed gene expression, neuroinflammation, and neuroaxonal damage. These data highlight the therapeutic potential of the ETV platform for LSDs and provide preclinical proof of concept for TV-enabled therapeutics to treat CNS diseases more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Ullman
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Annie Arguello
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jennifer A Getz
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Akhil Bhalla
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Cathal S Mahon
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Junhua Wang
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tina Giese
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Catherine Bedard
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Do Jin Kim
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jessica R Blumenfeld
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nicholas Liang
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ritesh Ravi
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alicia A Nugent
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sonnet S Davis
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Connie Ha
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Joseph Duque
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hai L Tran
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Robert C Wells
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Steve Lianoglou
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Vinay M Daryani
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wanda Kwan
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hilda Solanoy
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hoang Nguyen
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Timothy Earr
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jason C Dugas
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michael D Tuck
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 9160 MRB III, 465 21 Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jennifer L Harvey
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 9160 MRB III, 465 21 Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Michelle L Reyzer
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 9160 MRB III, 465 21 Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 9160 MRB III, 465 21 Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Sejal Hall
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Suresh Poda
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Pascal E Sanchez
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mark S Dennis
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kannan Gunasekaran
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Thomas Sandmann
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kirk R Henne
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Robert G Thorne
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dolores Diaz
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Adam P Silverman
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ryan J Watts
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zachary K Sweeney
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mihalis S Kariolis
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Anastasia G Henry
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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116
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Ritter M, Bresgen N, Kerschbaum HH. From Pinocytosis to Methuosis-Fluid Consumption as a Risk Factor for Cell Death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651982. [PMID: 34249909 PMCID: PMC8261248 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The volumes of a cell [cell volume (CV)] and its organelles are adjusted by osmoregulatory processes. During pinocytosis, extracellular fluid volume equivalent to its CV is incorporated within an hour and membrane area equivalent to the cell's surface within 30 min. Since neither fluid uptake nor membrane consumption leads to swelling or shrinkage, cells must be equipped with potent volume regulatory mechanisms. Normally, cells respond to outwardly or inwardly directed osmotic gradients by a volume decrease and increase, respectively, i.e., they shrink or swell but then try to recover their CV. However, when a cell death (CD) pathway is triggered, CV persistently decreases in isotonic conditions in apoptosis and it increases in necrosis. One type of CD associated with cell swelling is due to a dysfunctional pinocytosis. Methuosis, a non-apoptotic CD phenotype, occurs when cells accumulate too much fluid by macropinocytosis. In contrast to functional pinocytosis, in methuosis, macropinosomes neither recycle nor fuse with lysosomes but with each other to form giant vacuoles, which finally cause rupture of the plasma membrane (PM). Understanding methuosis longs for the understanding of the ionic mechanisms of cell volume regulation (CVR) and vesicular volume regulation (VVR). In nascent macropinosomes, ion channels and transporters are derived from the PM. Along trafficking from the PM to the perinuclear area, the equipment of channels and transporters of the vesicle membrane changes by retrieval, addition, and recycling from and back to the PM, causing profound changes in vesicular ion concentrations, acidification, and-most importantly-shrinkage of the macropinosome, which is indispensable for its proper targeting and cargo processing. In this review, we discuss ion and water transport mechanisms with respect to CVR and VVR and with special emphasis on pinocytosis and methuosis. We describe various aspects of the complex mutual interplay between extracellular and intracellular ions and ion gradients, the PM and vesicular membrane, phosphoinositides, monomeric G proteins and their targets, as well as the submembranous cytoskeleton. Our aim is to highlight important cellular mechanisms, components, and processes that may lead to methuotic CD upon their derangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ritter
- Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
- Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis und Rehabilitation, Salzburg, Austria
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Nikolaus Bresgen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Pottie L, Van Gool W, Vanhooydonck M, Hanisch FG, Goeminne G, Rajkovic A, Coucke P, Sips P, Callewaert B. Loss of zebrafish atp6v1e1b, encoding a subunit of vacuolar ATPase, recapitulates human ARCL type 2C syndrome and identifies multiple pathobiological signatures. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009603. [PMID: 34143769 PMCID: PMC8244898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The inability to maintain a strictly regulated endo(lyso)somal acidic pH through the proton-pumping action of the vacuolar-ATPases (v-ATPases) has been associated with various human diseases including heritable connective tissue disorders. Autosomal recessive (AR) cutis laxa (CL) type 2C syndrome is associated with genetic defects in the ATP6V1E1 gene and is characterized by skin wrinkles or loose redundant skin folds with pleiotropic systemic manifestations. The underlying pathological mechanisms leading to the clinical presentations remain largely unknown. Here, we show that loss of atp6v1e1b in zebrafish leads to early mortality, associated with craniofacial dysmorphisms, vascular anomalies, cardiac dysfunction, N-glycosylation defects, hypotonia, and epidermal structural defects. These features are reminiscent of the phenotypic manifestations in ARCL type 2C patients. Our data demonstrates that loss of atp6v1e1b alters endo(lyso)somal protein levels, and interferes with non-canonical v-ATPase pathways in vivo. In order to gain further insights into the processes affected by loss of atp6v1e1b, we performed an untargeted analysis of the transcriptome, metabolome, and lipidome in early atp6v1e1b-deficient larvae. We report multiple affected pathways including but not limited to oxidative phosphorylation, sphingolipid, fatty acid, and energy metabolism together with profound defects on mitochondrial respiration. Taken together, our results identify complex pathobiological effects due to loss of atp6v1e1b in vivo. Cutis laxa syndromes are pleiotropic disorders of the connective tissue, characterized by skin redundancy and variable systemic manifestations. Cutis laxa syndromes are caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding structural and regulatory components of the extracellular matrix or in genes encoding components of cellular trafficking, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Pathogenic variants in genes coding for vacuolar-ATPases, a multisubunit complex responsible for the acidification of multiple intracellular vesicles, cause type 2 cutis laxa syndromes, a group of cutis laxa subtypes further characterized by neurological, skeletal, and rarely cardiopulmonary manifestations. To investigate the pathomechanisms of vacuolar-ATPase dysfunction, we generated zebrafish models that lack a crucial subunit of the vacuolar-ATPases. The mutant zebrafish models show morphological and functional features reminiscent of the phenotypic manifestations in cutis laxa patients carrying pathogenic variants in ATP6V1E1. In-depth analysis at multiple -omic levels identified biological signatures that indicate impairment of signaling pathways, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial respiration. We anticipate that these data will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cutis laxa syndromes and other disorders involving defective v-ATPase function, which may eventually improve patient treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Pottie
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Van Gool
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Vanhooydonck
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Franz-Georg Hanisch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Geert Goeminne
- VIB Metabolomics Core Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Department of Food technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Sips
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Palazzi L, Fongaro B, Leri M, Acquasaliente L, Stefani M, Bucciantini M, Polverino de Laureto P. Structural Features and Toxicity of α-Synuclein Oligomers Grown in the Presence of DOPAC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116008. [PMID: 34199427 PMCID: PMC8199589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between α-synuclein and dopamine derivatives is associated with oxidative stress-dependent neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The formation in the dopaminergic neurons of intraneuronal inclusions containing aggregates of α-synuclein is a typical hallmark of PD. Even though the biochemical events underlying the aberrant aggregation of α-synuclein are not completely understood, strong evidence correlates this process with the levels of dopamine metabolites. In vitro, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) and the other two metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET), share the property to inhibit the growth of mature amyloid fibrils of α-synuclein. Although this effect occurs with the formation of differently toxic products, the molecular basis of this inhibition is still unclear. Here, we provide information on the effect of DOPAC on the aggregation properties of α-synuclein and its ability to interact with membranes. DOPAC inhibits α-synuclein aggregation, stabilizing monomer and inducing the formation of dimers and trimers. DOPAC-induced oligomers did not undergo conformational transition in the presence of membranes, and penetrated the cell, where they triggered autophagic processes. Cellular assays showed that DOPAC reduced cytotoxicity and ROS production induced by α-synuclein aggregates. Our findings show that the early radicals resulting from DOPAC autoxidation produced covalent modifications of the protein, which were not by themselves a primary cause of either fibrillation or membrane binding inhibition. These findings are discussed in the light of the potential mechanism of DOPAC protection against the toxicity of α-synuclein aggregates to better understand protein and catecholamine biology and to eventually suggest a scaffold that can help in the design of candidate molecules able to interfere in α-synuclein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Palazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (B.F.); (L.A.)
| | - Benedetta Fongaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (B.F.); (L.A.)
| | - Manuela Leri
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Acquasaliente
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (B.F.); (L.A.)
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Patrizia Polverino de Laureto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (B.F.); (L.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhang X, Wei M, Fan J, Yan W, Zha X, Song H, Wan R, Yin Y, Wang W. Ischemia-induced upregulation of autophagy preludes dysfunctional lysosomal storage and associated synaptic impairments in neurons. Autophagy 2021; 17:1519-1542. [PMID: 33111641 PMCID: PMC8205014 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1840796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is vital for neuronal homeostasis and functions. Accumulating evidence suggest that autophagy is impaired during cerebral ischemia, contributing to neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. However, the outcomes after transient modification in autophagy machinery are not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of ischemic stress on autophagy and synaptic structures using a rat model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in hippocampal neurons and a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Upon acute ischemia, an initial autophagy modification occurred in an upregulation manner. Following, the number of lysosomes increased, as well as lysosomal volume, indicating dysfunctional lysosomal storage. These changes were prevented by inhibiting autophagy via 3-methyladenine (3-MA) treatment or ATG7 (autophagy related 7) knockdown, or were mimicked by rapamycin (RAPA), a known activator of autophagy. This suggests that dysfunctional lysosomal storage is associated with the early burst of autophagy. Dysfunctional lysosomal storage contributed to autophagy dysfunction because the basal level of MTOR-dependent lysosomal biogenesis in the reperfusion was not sufficient to clear undegraded cargoes after transient autophagy upregulation. Further investigation revealed that impairment of synaptic ultra-structures, accompanied by dysfunctional lysosomal storage, may result from a failure in dynamic turnover of synaptic proteins. This indicates a vital role of autophagy-lysosomal machinery in the maintenance of synaptic structures. This study supports previous evidence that dysfunctional lysosomal storage may occur following the upregulation of autophagy in neurons. Appropriate autophagosome-lysosomal functioning is vital for maintenance of neuronal synaptic function and impacts more than the few known synaptic proteins.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTB: actin beta; AD: Alzheimer disease; ALR: autophagic lysosome reformation; ATG7: autophagy related 7; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; GO: Gene Ontology; HBSS: Hanks' balanced salt solution; HPCA: hippocalcin; i.c.v: intracerebroventricular; KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; LSDs: lysosomal storage disorders; MAP2: microtubule-associated protein 2; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; mCTSB: mature CTSB; mCTSD: mature CTSD; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PRKAA/AMPKα: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha; proCTSD: pro-cathepsin D; RAPA: rapamycin; RNA-seq: RNA sequencing; RPS6KB/p70S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SIM: Structured Illumination Microscopy; SNAP25: synaptosomal-associated protein 25; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SYN1: synapsin I; SYT1: synaptotagmin I; TBST: tris-buffered saline Tween-20; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TFEB: transcription factor EB; tMCAO: transient middle cerebral artery occlusion; TTC: 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride; TUBB3: tubulin, beta 3 class III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mengping Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Weijie Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xu Zha
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huimeng Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rongqi Wan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanling Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
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Pesaola F, Quassollo G, Venier AC, De Paul AL, Noher I, Bisbal M. The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-related protein CLN8 regulates endo-lysosomal dynamics and dendritic morphology. Biol Cell 2021; 113:419-437. [PMID: 34021618 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION The endo-lysosomal system (ELS) comprises a set of membranous organelles responsible for transporting intracellular and extracellular components within cells. Defects in lysosomal proteins usually affect a large variety of processes and underlie many diseases, most of them with a strong neuronal impact. Mutations in the endoplasmic reticulum-resident CLN8 protein cause CLN8 disease. This condition is one of the 14 known neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), a group of inherited diseases characterised by accumulation of lipofuscin-like pigments within lysosomes. Besides mediating the transport of soluble lysosomal proteins, recent research suggested a role for CLN8 in the transport of vesicles and lipids, and autophagy. However, the consequences of CLN8 deficiency on ELS structure and activity, as well as the potential impact on neuronal development, remain poorly characterised. Therefore, we performed CLN8 knockdown in neuronal and non-neuronal cell models to analyse structural, dynamic and functional changes in the ELS and to assess the impact of CLN8 deficiency on axodendritic development. RESULTS CLN8 knockdown increased the size of the Golgi apparatus, the number of mobile vesicles and the speed of endo-lysosomes. Using the fluorescent fusion protein mApple-LAMP1-pHluorin, we detected significant lysosomal alkalisation in CLN8-deficient cells. In turn, experiments in primary rat hippocampal neurons showed that CLN8 deficiency decreased the complexity and size of the somatodendritic compartment. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the participation of CLN8 in vesicular distribution, lysosomal pH and normal development of the dendritic tree. We speculate that the defects triggered by CLN8 deficiency on ELS structure and dynamics underlie morphological alterations in neurons, which ultimately lead to the characteristic neurodegeneration observed in this NCL. SIGNIFICANCE This is, to our knowledge, the first characterisation of the effects of CLN8 dysfunction on the structure and dynamics of the ELS. Moreover, our findings suggest a novel role for CLN8 in somatodendritic development, which may account at least in part for the neuropathological manifestations associated with CLN8 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favio Pesaola
- Programa de Investigación Translacional de Lipofuscinosis Ceroidea Neuronal, Hospital de Niños de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5014, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra"- IMMF-UNC-CONICET, Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Av. Friuli 2434, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Quassollo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra"- IMMF-UNC-CONICET, Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Av. Friuli 2434, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Ana Clara Venier
- Programa de Investigación Translacional de Lipofuscinosis Ceroidea Neuronal, Hospital de Niños de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5014, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Bv. de la Reforma y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, 5016, Argentina
| | - Ana Lucía De Paul
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Bv. de la Reforma y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, 5016, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Bv. de la Reforma y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, 5016, Argentina
| | - Ines Noher
- Programa de Investigación Translacional de Lipofuscinosis Ceroidea Neuronal, Hospital de Niños de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5014, Argentina
| | - Mariano Bisbal
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra"- IMMF-UNC-CONICET, Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Av. Friuli 2434, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina.,Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba, Córdoba, 5016, Argentina
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Guimas Almeida C. Synapses have autophagy under control. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212106. [PMID: 33988696 PMCID: PMC8129805 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202105008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of autophagy in neurons remains unclear. In this issue, Kulkarni et al. (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202002084) show with elegant live imaging that in dendrites, but not in axons, autophagosome motility and function is regulated by synaptic activity.
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Calzoni E, Cesaretti A, Montegiove N, Di Michele A, Emiliani C. Enhanced Stability of Long-Living Immobilized Recombinant β-d- N-Acetyl-Hexosaminidase A on Polylactic Acid (PLA) Films for Potential Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12020032. [PMID: 34064736 PMCID: PMC8162980 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
β-d-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase (Hex, EC 3.2.1.52) is an acid hydrolase that catalyzes the cleavage of the β-1,4 bond in N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (Gal-NAc) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (Glc-NAc) from the non-reducing end of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. It is widely expressed in both the prokaryotic and eukaryotic world, where it performs multiple and important functions. Hex has antifungal activity in plants, is capable of degrading many biological substrates, and can play an important role in the biomedical field for the treatment of Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases. With the aim being able to obtain a device with a stable enzyme, a method of covalent immobilization on polylactic acid (PLA) films was developed for the A isoform of the β-d-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase enzyme (HexA), produced in a recombinant way from Human Embryonic Kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells and suitably purified. An in-depth biochemical characterization of the immobilized enzyme was carried out, evaluating the optimal temperature, thermal stability, pH parameters, and Km value. Moreover, the stability of the enzymatic activity over time was assessed. The results obtained showed an improvement in terms of kinetic parameters and stability to heat for the enzyme following immobilization and the presence of HexA in two distinct immobilized forms, with an unexpected ability for one of them to maintain its functionality for a long period of time (over a year). The stability and functionality of the enzyme in its immobilized form are therefore extremely promising for potential biotechnological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Calzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.C.); (N.M.); (C.E.)
| | - Alessio Cesaretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.C.); (N.M.); (C.E.)
- Center of Excellence on Innovative Nanostructured Materials—CEMIN, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-585-7436
| | - Nicolò Montegiove
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.C.); (N.M.); (C.E.)
| | | | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.C.); (N.M.); (C.E.)
- Center of Excellence on Innovative Nanostructured Materials—CEMIN, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Jamalpoor A, Othman A, Levtchenko EN, Masereeuw R, Janssen MJ. Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Options of Nephropathic Cystinosis. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:673-686. [PMID: 33975805 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nephropathic cystinosis is a severe, monogenic systemic disorder that presents early in life and leads to progressive organ damage, particularly affecting the kidneys. It is caused by mutations in the CTNS gene, which encodes the lysosomal transporter cystinosin, resulting in intralysosomal accumulation of cystine. Recent studies demonstrated that the loss of cystinosin is associated with disrupted autophagy dynamics, accumulation of distorted mitochondria, and increased oxidative stress, leading to abnormal proliferation and dysfunction of kidney cells. We discuss these molecular mechanisms driving nephropathic cystinosis. Further, we consider how unravelling molecular mechanisms supports the identification and development of new strategies for cystinosis by the use of small molecules, biologicals, and genetic rescue of the disease in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Jamalpoor
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amr Othman
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elena N Levtchenko
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Growth and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven & KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Manoe J Janssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Yang C, Wang X. Lysosome biogenesis: Regulation and functions. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212053. [PMID: 33950241 PMCID: PMC8105738 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are degradation centers and signaling hubs in cells and play important roles in cellular homeostasis, development, and aging. Changes in lysosome function are essential to support cellular adaptation to multiple signals and stimuli. Therefore, lysosome biogenesis and activity are regulated by a wide variety of intra- and extracellular cues. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of lysosome biogenesis, including synthesis of lysosomal proteins and their delivery via the endosome-lysosome pathway, reformation of lysosomes from degradative vesicles, and transcriptional regulation of lysosomal genes. We survey the regulation of lysosome biogenesis in response to nutrient and nonnutrient signals, the cell cycle, stem cell quiescence, and cell fate determination. Finally, we discuss lysosome biogenesis and functions in the context of organismal development and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu QN, Tang YY, Zhou MJ, Luo S, Li YT, Wang G, Zhang DZ, Yang H, Tang BP, He WF. Differentially expressed genes involved in immune pathways from yellowhead catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco) after poly (I:C) challenge. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:340-345. [PMID: 33932411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Yellowhead catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco) is an important aquaculture fish species in China with a high market value. Infectious diseases pose serious threats in farmed fish species, and although vaccines can prevent certain infections, they rely on potent adjuvants. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of spleens from poly (I:C)-treated T. fulvidraco. We obtained 46,362,922 reads corresponding to 490,926 transcripts and 318,059 genes. Gene annotation using different databases and subsequent differential gene expression analyses led to the identification of 5587 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 2473 were up-regulated and 3114 were down-regulated in poly (I:C)-treated fish. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs revealed the significant dysregulation of immune- and cancer-related genes in the spleens of poly (I:C)-treated fish. Notably, several components of JAK-STAT, MAPK, and p53 signaling pathways were significantly dysregulated in response to poly (I:C) treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of 11 randomly selected immune response genes confirmed the reliability of our findings. In conclusion, our findings provide novel insight into the immune responses of T. fulvidraco and suggest that poly (I:C) may represent a promising adjuvant of fish vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ning Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Yu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jiao Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Luo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Tian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, College of Aquaculture and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Zhen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo-Ping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Fei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China.
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126
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Morgan AJ, Davis LC, Galione A. Choreographing endo-lysosomal Ca 2+ throughout the life of a phagosome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119040. [PMID: 33872669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of endo-lysosomes as ubiquitous Ca2+ stores with their unique cohort of channels has resulted in their being implicated in a growing number of processes in an ever-increasing number of cell types. The architectural and regulatory constraints of these acidic Ca2+ stores distinguishes them from other larger Ca2+ sources such as the ER and influx across the plasma membrane. In view of recent advances in the understanding of the modes of operation, we discuss phagocytosis as a template for how endo-lysosomal Ca2+ signals (generated via TPC and TRPML channels) can be integrated in multiple sophisticated ways into biological processes. Phagocytosis illustrates how different endo-lysosomal Ca2+ signals drive different phases of a process, and how these can be altered by disease or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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127
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The Role of Exosomes in Lysosomal Storage Disorders. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040576. [PMID: 33920837 PMCID: PMC8071119 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, small membrane-bound organelles formed from endosomal membranes, represent a heterogenous source of biological and pathological biomarkers capturing the metabolic status of a cell. Exosomal cargo, including lipids, proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs, can either act as inter-cellular messengers or are shuttled for autophagic/lysosomal degradation. Most cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) release exosomes, which serve as long and short distance communicators between neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Lysosomal storage disorders are diseases characterized by the accumulation of partially or undigested cellular waste. The exosomal content in these diseases is intrinsic to each individual disorder. Emerging research indicates that lysosomal dysfunction enhances exocytosis, and hence, in lysosomal disorders, exosomal secretion may play a role in disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, the unique properties of exosomes and their ability to carry cargo between adjacent cells and organs, and across the blood-brain barrier, make them attractive candidates for use as therapeutic delivery vehicles. Thus, understanding exosomal content and function may have utility in the treatment of specific lysosomal storage disorders. Since lysosomal dysfunction and the deficiency of at least one lysosomal enzyme, glucocerebrosidase, is associated with the development of parkinsonism, the study and use of exosomes may contribute to an improved understanding of Parkinson disease, potentially leading to new therapeutics.
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128
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Griñán-Ferré C, Companys-Alemany J, Jarné-Ferrer J, Codony S, González-Castillo C, Ortuño-Sahagún D, Vilageliu L, Grinberg D, Vázquez S, Pallàs M. Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Ameliorates Phenotype and Cognitive Abilities in a Murine Model of Niemann Pick Type C Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3409. [PMID: 33810307 PMCID: PMC8036710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a rare autosomal recessive inherited childhood neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids, involving the autophagy-lysosome system. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme that metabolizes epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) to 12-diols, exerts beneficial effects in modulating inflammation and autophagy, critical features of the NPC disease. This study aims to evaluate the effects of UB-EV-52, an sEH inhibitor (sEHi), in an NPC mouse model (Npc) by administering it for 4 weeks (5 mg/kg/day). Behavioral and cognitive tests (open-field test (OF)), elevated plus maze (EPM), novel object recognition test (NORT) and object location test (OLT) demonstrated that the treatment produced an improvement in short- and long-term memory as well as in spatial memory. Furthermore, UB-EV-52 treatment increased body weight and lifespan by 25% and reduced gene expression of the inflammatory markers (i.e., Il-1β and Mcp1) and enhanced oxidative stress (OS) markers (iNOS and Hmox1) in the treated Npc mice group. As for autophagic markers, surprisingly, we found significantly reduced levels of LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio and significantly reduced brain protein levels of lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) in treated Npc mice group compared to untreated ones in hippocampal tissue. Lipid profile analysis showed a significant reduction of lipid storage in the liver and some slight changes in homogenated brain tissue in the treated NPC mice compared to the untreated groups. Therefore, our results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of sEH ameliorates most of the characteristic features of NPC mice, demonstrating that sEH can be considered a potential therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-F.); (J.C.-A.); (J.J.-F.)
| | - Júlia Companys-Alemany
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-F.); (J.C.-A.); (J.J.-F.)
| | - Júlia Jarné-Ferrer
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-F.); (J.C.-A.); (J.J.-F.)
| | - Sandra Codony
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC, Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Celia González-Castillo
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan, 45201 Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico;
| | - Lluïsa Vilageliu
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.V.); (D.G.)
- Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB)-Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.V.); (D.G.)
- Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB)-Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC, Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-F.); (J.C.-A.); (J.J.-F.)
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129
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Ablation of Acid Ceramidase Impairs Autophagy and Mitochondria Activity in Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063247. [PMID: 33806766 PMCID: PMC8004726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is often resistant to therapy due to its high plasticity, as well as its ability to metabolise chemotherapeutic drugs. Sphingolipid signalling plays a pivotal role in its progression and metastasis. One of the ways melanoma alters sphingolipid rheostat is via over-expression of lysosomal acid ceramidase (AC), which catalyses the hydrolysis of pro-apoptotic long-chain ceramides into sphingosine and fatty acid. In this report, we examine the role of acid ceramidase in maintaining cellular homeostasis through the regulation of autophagy and mitochondrial activity in melanoma cell lines. We show that under baseline conditions, wild-type melanoma cells had 3-fold higher levels of the autophagy marker, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3 II), compared to AC-null cells. This difference was further magnified after cell starvation. Moreover, we noticed autophagy impairment in A375 AC-null cells, possibly due to local accumulation of non-metabolized ceramides. Nonetheless, we observed that AC-null cells exhibited a significant increase in mitochondrial membrane potential compared to control cells. Consistent with this observation, we found that, after total starvation, ~30% of AC-null cells undergo apoptosis compared to ~6% of wild-type cells. As expected, AC transfection restored viability in A375 AC-null cells. Together, these findings suggest that AC-null melanoma cells change and adapt their metabolism to survive in the absence of AC, although in a way that does not allow them to cope with the stress of nutrient deprivation.
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130
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Corda E, Swenson CL, Scott MA, Sledge DG, Fyfe JC. Blood and bone marrow findings in two pups with mucopolysaccharidosis type VII. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50:164-169. [PMID: 33719080 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Routine blood smear findings in two of four 11-day-old mixed-breed dog littermates were suggestive of a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) that was documented to be mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) by molecular testing. In this condition, a functional β-glucuronidase deficiency results in the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in cells and tissues where β-glucuronidase is important in GAG degradation. Most neutrophils and a moderate number of lymphocytes within the blood had atypical cytoplasmic magenta inclusions. The bone marrow assessment from one of the two affected pups at 24 days of age revealed similar magenta granulation in myeloid precursor cells that was most prominent in promyelocytes and myelocytes. Moreover, atypical magenta material was present within vacuoles as well as extracellularly in some osteoblasts and macrophages. Histologic bone marrow sections revealed prominent vacuolation of osteoblasts, and some osteoclasts appeared separated from the bone by layers of osteoblasts or hematopoietic cells. At 2 months of age, the second affected dog showed moderate growth retardation and had similar but more prominent hematologic findings that extended to monocytes, eosinophils, and eosinophil precursors. It had an increased number of bone marrow macrophages with many vacuoles that could be seen cytologically to contain magenta material, and there was mild nonselective phagocytosis of hemic cells. Of the hematologic cells, inclusions were most prominent in promyelocytes, myelocytes, and macrophages, cells with relatively high β-glucuronidase activity, and GAG exposure within lysosomes or lysosome-like primary granules of granulocyte precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Corda
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Cheryl L Swenson
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michael A Scott
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dodd G Sledge
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John C Fyfe
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Laboratory of Comparative Medical Genetics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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131
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Gupta S, Yano J, Mercier V, Htwe HH, Shin HR, Rademaker G, Cakir Z, Ituarte T, Wen KW, Kim GE, Zoncu R, Roux A, Dawson DW, Perera RM. Lysosomal retargeting of Myoferlin mitigates membrane stress to enable pancreatic cancer growth. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:232-242. [PMID: 33686253 PMCID: PMC9446896 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes must maintain the integrity of their limiting membrane to ensure efficient fusion with incoming organelles and degradation of substrates within their lumen. Pancreatic cancer cells upregulate lysosomal biogenesis to enhance nutrient recycling and stress resistance, but it is unknown whether dedicated programmes for maintaining the integrity of the lysosome membrane facilitate pancreatic cancer growth. Using proteomic-based organelle profiling, we identify the Ferlin family plasma membrane repair factor Myoferlin as selectively and highly enriched on the membrane of pancreatic cancer lysosomes. Mechanistically, lysosomal localization of Myoferlin is necessary and sufficient for the maintenance of lysosome health and provides an early acting protective system against membrane damage that is independent of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-mediated repair network. Myoferlin is upregulated in human pancreatic cancer, predicts poor survival and its ablation severely impairs lysosome function and tumour growth in vivo. Thus, retargeting of plasma membrane repair factors enhances the pro-oncogenic activities of the lysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprit Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julian Yano
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Mercier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Htet Htwe Htwe
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hijai R Shin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gilles Rademaker
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zeynep Cakir
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Ituarte
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kwun W Wen
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Grace E Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Zoncu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David W Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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132
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Loss of NPC1 enhances phagocytic uptake and impairs lipid trafficking in microglia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1158. [PMID: 33627648 PMCID: PMC7904859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder mainly caused by mutations in NPC1, resulting in abnormal late endosomal/lysosomal lipid storage. Although microgliosis is a prominent pathological feature, direct consequences of NPC1 loss on microglial function remain not fully characterized. We discovered pathological proteomic signatures and phenotypes in NPC1-deficient murine models and demonstrate a cell autonomous function of NPC1 in microglia. Loss of NPC1 triggers enhanced phagocytic uptake and impaired myelin turnover in microglia that precede neuronal death. Npc1−/− microglia feature a striking accumulation of multivesicular bodies and impaired trafficking of lipids to lysosomes while lysosomal degradation function remains preserved. Molecular and functional defects were also detected in blood-derived macrophages of NPC patients that provide a potential tool for monitoring disease. Our study underscores an essential cell autonomous role for NPC1 in immune cells and implies microglial therapeutic potential. Niemann-Pick type C disease is a rare childhood neurodegenerative disorder predominantly caused by mutations in NPC1, resulting in abnormal late endosomal and lysosomal defects. Here the authors show that NPC1 disruption largely impairs microglial function.
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133
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Genetic glycoengineering in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100448. [PMID: 33617880 PMCID: PMC8042171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in nuclease-based gene-editing technologies have enabled precise, stable, and systematic genetic engineering of glycosylation capacities in mammalian cells, opening up a plethora of opportunities for studying the glycome and exploiting glycans in biomedicine. Glycoengineering using chemical, enzymatic, and genetic approaches has a long history, and precise gene editing provides a nearly unlimited playground for stable engineering of glycosylation in mammalian cells to explore and dissect the glycome and its many biological functions. Genetic engineering of glycosylation in cells also brings studies of the glycome to the single cell level and opens up wider use and integration of data in traditional omics workflows in cell biology. The last few years have seen new applications of glycoengineering in mammalian cells with perspectives for wider use in basic and applied glycosciences, and these have already led to discoveries of functions of glycans and improved designs of glycoprotein therapeutics. Here, we review the current state of the art of genetic glycoengineering in mammalian cells and highlight emerging opportunities.
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134
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Kuk MU, Lee YH, Kim JW, Hwang SY, Park JT, Park SC. Potential Treatment of Lysosomal Storage Disease through Modulation of the Mitochondrial-Lysosomal Axis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020420. [PMID: 33671306 PMCID: PMC7921977 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disease (LSD) is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by enzyme deficiency in lysosomes. Some treatments for LSD can slow progression, but there are no effective treatments to restore the pathological phenotype to normal levels. Lysosomes and mitochondria interact with each other, and this crosstalk plays a role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Deficiency of lysosome enzymes in LSD impairs the turnover of mitochondrial defects, leading to deterioration of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC). Cells with MRC impairment are associated with reduced lysosomal calcium homeostasis, resulting in impaired autophagic and endolysosomal function. This malicious feedback loop between lysosomes and mitochondria exacerbates LSD. In this review, we assess the interactions between mitochondria and lysosomes and propose the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis as a research target to treat LSD. The importance of the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis has been systematically characterized in several studies, suggesting that proper regulation of this axis represents an important investigative guide for the development of therapeutics for LSD. Therefore, studying the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis will not only add knowledge of the essential physiological processes of LSD, but also provide new strategies for treatment of LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Jae Won Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Su Young Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
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135
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Li Y, Khanal P, Norheim F, Hjorth M, Bjellaas T, Drevon CA, Vaage J, Kimmel AR, Dalen KT. Plin2 deletion increases cholesteryl ester lipid droplet content and disturbs cholesterol balance in adrenal cortex. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100048. [PMID: 33582145 PMCID: PMC8044703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl esters (CEs) are the water-insoluble transport and storage form of cholesterol. Steroidogenic cells primarily store CEs in cytoplasmic lipid droplet (LD) organelles, as contrasted to the majority of mammalian cell types that predominantly store triacylglycerol (TAG) in LDs. The LD-binding Plin2 binds to both CE- and TAG-rich LDs, and although Plin2 is known to regulate degradation of TAG-rich LDs, its role for regulation of CE-rich LDs is unclear. To investigate the role of Plin2 in the regulation of CE-rich LDs, we performed histological and molecular characterization of adrenal glands from Plin2+/+ and Plin2-/- mice. Adrenal glands of Plin2-/- mice had significantly enlarged organ size, increased size and numbers of CE-rich LDs in cortical cells, elevated cellular unesterified cholesterol levels, and increased expression of macrophage markers and genes facilitating reverse cholesterol transport. Despite altered LD storage, mobilization of adrenal LDs and secretion of corticosterone induced by adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation or starvation were similar in Plin2+/+ and Plin2-/- mice. Plin2-/- adrenals accumulated ceroid-like structures rich in multilamellar bodies in the adrenal cortex-medulla boundary, which increased with age, particularly in females. Finally, Plin2-/- mice displayed unexpectedly high levels of phosphatidylglycerols, which directly paralleled the accumulation of these ceroid-like structures. Our findings demonstrate an important role of Plin2 for regulation of CE-rich LDs and cellular cholesterol balance in the adrenal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Prabhat Khanal
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; VITAS AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Vaage
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alan R Kimmel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Transgenic Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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136
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Allende ML, Zhu H, Kono M, Hoachlander-Hobby LE, Huso VL, Proia RL. Genetic defects in the sphingolipid degradation pathway and their effects on microglia in neurodegenerative disease. Cell Signal 2021; 78:109879. [PMID: 33296739 PMCID: PMC7775721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, which function as plasma membrane lipids and signaling molecules, are highly enriched in neuronal and myelin membranes in the nervous system. They are degraded in lysosomes by a defined sequence of enzymatic steps. In the related group of disorders, the sphingolipidoses, mutations in the genes that encode the individual degradative enzymes cause lysosomal accumulation of sphingolipids and often result in severe neurodegenerative disease. Here we review the information indicating that microglia, which actively clear sphingolipid-rich membranes in the brain during development and homeostasis, are directly affected by these mutations and promote neurodegeneration in the sphingolipidoses. We also identify parallels between the sphingolipidoses and more common forms of neurodegeneration, which both exhibit evidence of defective sphingolipid clearance in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Allende
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongling Zhu
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mari Kono
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lila E Hoachlander-Hobby
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vienna L Huso
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard L Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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137
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Li YT, Tang BP, Zhang SP, Tang YY, Wang G, Jiang SH, Ge BM, Zhang DZ, Zhou CL, Liu QN, Zhang ML. Transcriptome analysis of immune-related genes in Sesarmops sinensis hepatopancreas in reaction to peptidoglycan challenge. Genomics 2021; 113:946-954. [PMID: 33503506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sesarmops sinensis is a dominant omnivorous crab species, which plays an important ecological function in salt marsh ecosystems. To better understand its immune system and immune related genes under pathogen infection, the transcriptome was analyzed by comparing the data of S. sinensis hepatopancreas stimulated by PBS and PGN. A set of assembly and annotation identified 39,039 unigenes with an average length of 1105 bp, obtaining 1300 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in all, which included 466 remarkably up-regulated unigenes and 834 remarkably down-regulated unigenes. In addition, based on mensurable real time-polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing, several immune responsive genes were found to be markedly up-regulated under PGN stimulation. In conclusion, in addition to enriching the existing transcriptome data of S. sinensis, this study also clarified the immune response of S. sinensis to PGN stimulation, which will help us to further understand the crustacean's immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Tian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, College of Aquaculture and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Ping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Si-Pei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Yu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen-Hao Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Ming Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Zhen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ning Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China.
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138
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Masi L, Ferrari S, Javaid MK, Papapoulos S, Pierroz DD, Brandi ML. Bone fragility in patients affected by congenital diseases non skeletal in origin. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:11. [PMID: 33407701 PMCID: PMC7789665 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone tissue represents a large systemic compartment of the human body, with an active metabolism, that controls mineral deposition and removal, and where several factors may play a role. For these reasons, several non-skeletal diseases may influence bone metabolism. It is of a crucial importance to classify these disorders in order to facilitate diagnosis and clinical management. This article reports a taxonomic classification of non-skeletal rare congenital disorders, which have an impact on bone metabolism METHODS: The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) Skeletal Rare Diseases Working Group (SRD-WG), comprised of basic and clinical scientists, has decided to review the taxonomy of non-skeletal rare disorders that may alter bone physiology. RESULTS The taxonomy of non-skeletal rare congenital disorders which impact bone comprises a total of 6 groups of disorders that may influence the activity of bone cells or the characteristics of bone matrix. CONCLUSIONS This paper provides the first comprehensive taxonomy of non-skeletal rare congenital disorders with impact on bone physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Masi
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Florence, AOU-Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - S Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M K Javaid
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Papapoulos
- Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D D Pierroz
- International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), Rue Juste-Olivier 9, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - M L Brandi
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulle Malattie dell'Osso, Florence, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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139
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Abstract
Glycosphingolipids are amphiphilic plasma membrane components formed by a glycan linked to a specific lipid moiety. In this chapter we report on these compounds, on their role played in our cells to maintain the correct cell biology.In detail, we report on their structure, on their metabolic processes, on their interaction with proteins and from this, their property to modulate positively in health and negatively in disease, the cell signaling and cell biology.
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140
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Huo Y, Liang X, Yan J, Huang L, Lin W. A dual-channel fluorescent probe for monitoring pH changes in lysosomes during autophagy. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new fluorescent probe RD for visualizing starvation-induced autophagy in living cells and for distinguishing between neutral and acidic lysosomes in the process of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Huo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xing Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Ling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
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141
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Myerowitz R, Puertollano R, Raben N. Impaired autophagy: The collateral damage of lysosomal storage disorders. EBioMedicine 2021; 63:103166. [PMID: 33341443 PMCID: PMC7753127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), which number over fifty, are monogenically inherited and caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins that are involved in lysosomal function. Lack of the functional protein results in storage of a distinctive material within the lysosomes, which for years was thought to determine the pathophysiology of the disorder. However, our current view posits that the primary storage material disrupts the normal role of the lysosome in the autophagic pathway resulting in the secondary storage of autophagic debris. It is this "collateral damage" which is common to the LSDs but nonetheless intricately nuanced in each. We have selected five LSDs resulting from defective proteins that govern widely different lysosomal functions including glycogen degradation (Pompe), lysosomal transport (Cystinosis), lysosomal trafficking (Danon), glycolipid degradation (Gaucher) and an unidentified function (Batten) and argue that despite the disparate functions, these proteins, when mutant, all impair the autophagic process uniquely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Myerowitz
- Department of Biology St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City Maryland, 20686, USA
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, 50 South Dr./Room 3533, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nina Raben
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, 50 South Dr./Room 3533, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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142
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Akiyama T, Sato S, Ko SBH, Sano O, Sato S, Saito M, Nagai H, Ko MSH, Iwata H. Synthetic mRNA-based differentiation method enables early detection of Parkinson's phenotypes in neurons derived from Gaucher disease-induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:572-581. [PMID: 33342090 PMCID: PMC7980209 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease, the most prevalent metabolic storage disorder, is caused by mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene GBA1, which lead to the accumulation of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) in affected cells. Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1), although defined as a nonneuronopathic subtype, is accompanied by an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. To gain insights into the association of progressive accumulation of GlcCer and the Parkinson's disease phenotypes, we generated dopaminergic (DA) neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a GD1 patient and a healthy donor control, and measured GlcCer accumulation by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. We tested two DA neuron differentiation methods: a well‐established method that mimics a step‐wise developmental process from iPSCs to neural progenitor cells, and to DA neurons; and a synthetic mRNA‐based method that overexpresses a transcription factor in iPSCs. GD1‐specific accumulation of GlcCer was detected after 60 days of differentiation by the former method, whereas it was detected after only 10 days by the latter method. With this synthetic mRNA‐based rapid differentiation method, we found that the metabolic defect in GD1 patient cells can be rescued by the overexpression of wild‐type GBA1 or the treatment with an inhibitor for GlcCer synthesis. Furthermore, we detected the increased phosphorylation of α‐synuclein, a biomarker for Parkinson's disease, in DA neurons derived from a GD1 patient, which was significantly decreased by the overexpression of wild‐type GBA1. These results suggest that synthetic mRNA‐based method accelerates the analyses of the pathological mechanisms of Parkinson's disease in GD1 patients and possibly facilitates drug discovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Akiyama
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saeko Sato
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru B H Ko
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Sano
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Sho Sato
- DMPK Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Masayo Saito
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagai
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Minoru S H Ko
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Iwata
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
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143
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Kaya E, Smith DA, Smith C, Morris L, Bremova-Ertl T, Cortina-Borja M, Fineran P, Morten KJ, Poulton J, Boland B, Spencer J, Strupp M, Platt FM. Acetyl-leucine slows disease progression in lysosomal storage disorders. Brain Commun 2020; 3:fcaa148. [PMID: 33738443 PMCID: PMC7954382 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-dl-leucine is a derivative of the branched chain amino acid leucine. In observational clinical studies, acetyl-dl-leucine improved symptoms of ataxia, in particular in patients with the lysosomal storage disorder, Niemann-Pick disease type C1. Here, we investigated acetyl-dl-leucine and its enantiomers acetyl-l-leucine and acetyl-d-leucine in symptomatic Npc1-/- mice and observed improvement in ataxia with both individual enantiomers and acetyl-dl-leucine. When acetyl-dl-leucine and acetyl-l-leucine were administered pre-symptomatically to Npc1-/- mice, both treatments delayed disease progression and extended life span, whereas acetyl-d-leucine did not. These data are consistent with acetyl-l-leucine being the neuroprotective enantiomer. Altered glucose and antioxidant metabolism were implicated as one of the potential mechanisms of action of the l-enantiomer in Npc1-/- mice. When the standard of care drug miglustat and acetyl-dl-leucine were used in combination significant synergy resulted. In agreement with these pre-clinical data, when Niemann-Pick disease type C1 patients were evaluated after 12 months of acetyl-dl-leucine treatment, rates of disease progression were slowed, with stabilization or improvement in multiple neurological domains. A beneficial effect of acetyl-dl-leucine on gait was also observed in this study in a mouse model of GM2 gangliosidosis (Sandhoff disease) and in Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease patients in individual-cases of off-label-use. Taken together, we have identified an unanticipated neuroprotective effect of acetyl-l-leucine and underlying mechanisms of action in lysosomal storage diseases, supporting its further evaluation in clinical trials in lysosomal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Kaya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - David A Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Claire Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Lauren Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Tatiana Bremova-Ertl
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Mario Cortina-Borja
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paul Fineran
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Karl J Morten
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanna Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Barry Boland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - Michael Strupp
- Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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144
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Sugiman-Marangos SN, Beilhartz GL, Zhao X, Zhou D, Hua R, Kim PK, Rini JM, Minassian BA, Melnyk RA. Exploiting the diphtheria toxin internalization receptor enhances delivery of proteins to lysosomes for enzyme replacement therapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/50/eabb0385. [PMID: 33310843 PMCID: PMC7732195 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapy, in which a functional copy of an enzyme is injected either systemically or directly into the brain of affected individuals, has proven to be an effective strategy for treating certain lysosomal storage diseases. The inefficient uptake of recombinant enzymes via the mannose-6-phosphate receptor, however, prohibits the broad utility of replacement therapy. Here, to improve the efficiency and efficacy of lysosomal enzyme uptake, we exploited the strategy used by diphtheria toxin to enter into the endolysosomal network of cells by creating a chimera between the receptor-binding fragment of diphtheria toxin and the lysosomal hydrolase TPP1. We show that chimeric TPP1 binds with high affinity to target cells and is efficiently delivered into lysosomes. Further, we show superior uptake of chimeric TPP1 over TPP1 alone in brain tissue following intracerebroventricular injection in mice lacking TPP1, demonstrating the potential of this strategy for enhancing lysosomal storage disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg L Beilhartz
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaochu Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dongxia Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rong Hua
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James M Rini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Dallas Children's Medical Center, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA
| | - Roman A Melnyk
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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145
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A polylysine–polyhistidine fusion peptide for lysosome-targeted protein delivery. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:905-912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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146
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Turton N, Rutherford T, Thijssen D, Hargreaves IP. Putative adjunct therapies to target mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in phenylketonuria, lysosomal storage disorders and peroxisomal disorders. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2020.1850254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Turton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tricia Rutherford
- Department of research and development, Vitaflo International Ltd, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dick Thijssen
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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147
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Yefimova M, Ravel C, Neyroud AS, Béré E, Bourmeyster N. [Myelinosomes: A new pathway of protein quality control]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:1012-1017. [PMID: 33151848 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of cell proteostasis relies on two degradation pathways: proteasome and autophagy. Here we describe a new proteostasis pathway avoiding degradation of abnormal proteins yet carrying them outside the cell using nanovesicles called myelinosomes. These myelinosomes are produced in pathological or stress situations in relation with genetic or environmental factors. Myelinosome vesicles are nano-sized multi-stacked membrane structures, resembling myelin sheath. It has recently been shown in two models of genetic diseases (Huntington's disease and cystic fibrosis) that myelinosomes are important for eliminating mutant proteins in an unusual secretory process, thus preventing their accumulation and aggregation in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Yefimova
- Sechenov Institut of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thoreza pr., 194223, St-Petersburg, Russie - CHU de Rennes, Département de gynécologie obstétrique et reproduction humaine-CECOS, Hôpital Sud, 16 boulevard de Bulgarie, 35000 Rennes, France - Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Celia Ravel
- CHU de Rennes, Département de gynécologie obstétrique et reproduction humaine-CECOS, Hôpital Sud, 16 boulevard de Bulgarie, 35000 Rennes, France - Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Neyroud
- CHU de Rennes, Département de gynécologie obstétrique et reproduction humaine-CECOS, Hôpital Sud, 16 boulevard de Bulgarie, 35000 Rennes, France - Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Emile Béré
- Univ Poitiers, Plateforme ImageUP, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Bourmeyster
- Laboratoire STIM, Équipe 4CS, ERL CNRS 7003. 1 rue Georges Bonnet 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France - CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers F-86021, France
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148
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Programmed cell death 4 modulates lysosomal function by inhibiting TFEB translation. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:1237-1250. [PMID: 33100324 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. The post-translational phosphorylation modulations of TFEB by mTOR and ERK signaling can determine its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and activity in response to nutrient availability. However, regulations of TFEB at translational level are rarely known. Here, we found that programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a tumor suppressor, decreased levels of nuclear TFEB to inhibit lysosome biogenesis and function. Mechanistically, PDCD4 reduces global pool of TFEB by suppressing TFEB translation in an eIF4A-dependent manner, rather than influencing mTOR- and ERK2-dependnet TFEB nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Both of MA3 domains within PDCD4 are required for TFEB translation inhibition. Furthermore, TFEB is required for PDCD4-mediated lysosomal function suppression. In the tumor microenvironment, PDCD4 deficiency promotes the anti-tumor effect of macrophage via enhancing TFEB expression. Our research reveals a novel PDCD4-dependent TFEB translational regulation and supports PDCD4 as a potential therapeutic target for lysosome dysfunction related diseases.
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149
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Egea G, Jiménez-Altayó F, Campuzano V. Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Genetic Diseases of the Connective Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101013. [PMID: 33086603 PMCID: PMC7603119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue is known to provide structural and functional “glue” properties to other tissues. It contains cellular and molecular components that are arranged in several dynamic organizations. Connective tissue is the focus of numerous genetic and nongenetic diseases. Genetic diseases of the connective tissue are minority or rare, but no less important than the nongenetic diseases. Here we review the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress on the onset and/or progression of diseases that directly affect connective tissue and have a genetic origin. It is important to consider that ROS and oxidative stress are not synonymous, although they are often closely linked. In a normal range, ROS have a relevant physiological role, whose levels result from a fine balance between ROS producers and ROS scavenge enzymatic systems. However, pathology arises or worsens when such balance is lost, like when ROS production is abnormally and constantly high and/or when ROS scavenge (enzymatic) systems are impaired. These concepts apply to numerous diseases, and connective tissue is no exception. We have organized this review around the two basic structural molecular components of connective tissue: The ground substance and fibers (collagen and elastic fibers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Egea
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Barcelona School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociencies I Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-021-909
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Departament of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Toxicology, Neuroscience Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Victoria Campuzano
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Barcelona School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
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150
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Gowrishankar S, Cologna SM, Givogri MI, Bongarzone ER. Deregulation of signalling in genetic conditions affecting the lysosomal metabolism of cholesterol and galactosyl-sphingolipids. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 146:105142. [PMID: 33080336 PMCID: PMC8862610 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of lipids in neuroglial function is gaining momentum in part due to a better understanding of how many lipid species contribute to key cellular signalling pathways at the membrane level. The description of lipid rafts as membrane domains composed by defined classes of lipids such as cholesterol and sphingolipids has greatly helped in our understanding of how cellular signalling can be regulated and compartmentalized in neurons and glial cells. Genetic conditions affecting the metabolism of these lipids greatly impact on how some of these signalling pathways work, providing a context to understand the biological function of the lipid. Expectedly, abnormal metabolism of several lipids such as cholesterol and galactosyl-sphingolipids observed in several metabolic conditions involving lysosomal dysfunction are often accompanied by neuronal and myelin dysfunction. This review will discuss the role of lysosomal biology in the context of deficiencies in the metabolism of cholesterol and galactosyl-sphingolipids and their impact on neural function in three genetic disorders: Niemann-Pick type C, Metachromatic leukodystrophy and Krabbe’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gowrishankar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - S M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - M I Givogri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - E R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
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