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Li X, Chen Q, Liu G, Xu H, Zhang X. Chemical elucidation of an arabinogalactan from rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum with antioxidant activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:730-738. [PMID: 34520778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Polygonatum sibiricum is traditionally used as Chinese medicine for immunity enhancement. Exploration of polysaccharides from Polygonatum species would provide a wider insight into the studies on their chemical structures and function activities. In this study, the alkali-extracted polysaccharide from P. sibiricum (PSP) was isolated and examined. The polysaccharide was firstly isolated by ion-exchange chromatography equipped with DE52 column, followed by isolated through Superdex-200 column. The obtained PSPJWA fraction was a homogenous one with average molecular weight of 141 kDa. The monosaccharide composition was galactose, arabinose and rhamnose in a ratio of 14:4:1. The glycosidic linkages of PSPJWA fraction were indicated to be Araf-(1→, →5)-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-Araf-(1→, Galp-(1→, →4)-Galp-(1→, →4,6)-Galp-(1→ and →2,4)-Rhap-(1→ residue by methylation analysis. NMR and enzymatic studies showed that PSPJWA was a novel arabinogalactan-type structure. PSPJW polysaccharides with different molecular weight and similar chemical structure had different antioxidant activities. Together, P. sibiricum polysaccharide has the potential to be a natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Guoku Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Hairong Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China.
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102
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Butt MS, Tariq U, Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Naz A, Rizwan M. Neuroprotective effects of oleuropein: Recent developments and contemporary research. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13967. [PMID: 34716610 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are increasing at a faster pace due to oxidative stress, protein aggregation, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. It is reported that the Mediterranean diet including olives as a major dietary component prevents and ameliorates neurological anomalies. Oleuropein is the major bioactive component in different parts of the Olive (Olea europaea L.) tree. Several mechanisms have been reported for the neuroprotective role of oleuropein including induction of apoptosis and autophagy, enhancing the antioxidant pool of the cerebral region, decreasing the unnecessary release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by deactivating the microglia cells and astrocytes thus preventing the occurrence of neuroinflammation. Regular intake of oleuropein seems to be correlated with decreased risks of neural disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, strokes, depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and others. This review majorly discusses the chemistry, biosynthesis, and metabolism of oleuropein along with an updated vision of its neuroprotective role in counteracting the acute and chronic neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, mechanisms by which oleuropein may prevent neurodegeneration are reviewed. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Neurological disorders are negatively affecting the health and life quality of individuals around the globe. Although various medicinal solutions are available to tackle such ailments, none has proven to fully cure and being deprived of side effects. In this respect, the prevention of such disorders using natural remedies may be an effective strategy to overcome the incidence of the increasing cases. Furthermore, the natural compounds provide a safer alternative to pharmaceutical drugs. Hence, oleuropein from olive tree products is found to be efficacious against neurological disorders. This review provides an updated insight on the positive effects of oleuropein against neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. The diet practitioners and nutraceutical companies may benefit from the provided information to design and develop strategies to improve the mental health of suffering individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Sadiq Butt
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Urwa Tariq
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Naz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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103
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Rizk S, Taha H, Abdel Moneim AE, Amin HK. Neuroprotective effect of green and roasted coffee bean extracts on cerebral ischemia-induced injury in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1943-1956. [PMID: 34228267 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a lethal event with a high incidence in Egypt. Quick early intervention can be lifesaving. Transient global ischemia (TGI), a type of ischemic stroke, is mainly instigated by cardiac arrest. Ischemia followed by reperfusion causes further neuronal cell damage. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of green (GCBE) and roasted (RCBE) coffee bean water extract against transient global ischemia-induced via a bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (CAO) in rats. Before CAO, 1.5 ml/kg body weight/day of GCBE or RCBE was administered for 14 days by oral gavage. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and sham groups were treated with a vehicle. Oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme activities, such as MDA, NO, GSH, SOD, CAT, GR, GPx, inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB, and BDNF were investigated. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, in addition to heme oxygenase 1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 were determined. Apoptotic markers, including Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase 3, in addition to the vascular endothelial growth factor-a, were investigated, followed by an examination of hippocampal histopathology. Pre-administration of GCBE and RCBE improved neurological function and neuronal survival, suppressed the spread of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and reversed most of the pathological changes. However, green coffee bean extract was more effective than roasted coffee bean extract, perhaps due to the roasting process, which may affect active compounds. In conclusion, GCBE and RCBE represent a potential clinical strategy for pre-ischemic conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rizk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Taha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hatem K Amin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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104
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Yang L, Wang L, Wang J, Liu P. Long non-coding RNA Gm11974 aggravates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury via miR-122-5p/SEMA3A axis in ischaemic stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2059-2069. [PMID: 34338972 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in ischaemic stroke. This study aimed to investigate the role and potential mechanism of lncRNA Gm11974 in ischaemic stroke. Mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells were treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The levels of Gm11974, microRNA-122-5p (miR-122-5p) and semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) or western blot. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Caspase-3 Assay Kit and flow Cytometry. The levels of oxidative stress indicators were measured by using commercial kits. The relationship between miR-122-5p and Gm11974 or SEMA3A was verified by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assays. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice was used to mimic ischaemic stroke. Gm11974 and SEMA3A were up-regulated, while miR-122-5p was down-regulated in OGD-treated N2a cells and MCAO mice. Down-regulation of Gm11974 ameliorated OGD-mediated N2a cell damage by increasing cell viability and reducing cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. Gm11974 promoted OGD-induced injury in N2a cells via negatively regulating miR-122-5p. Also, miR-122-5p alleviated OGD-resulted N2a cell injury by targeting SEMA3A. Moreover, silencing of Gm11974 decreased infarct volume and neurological score in MCAO mice. Knockdown of Gm11974 attenuated neuronal injury in ischaemic stroke by regulating miR-122-5p/SEMA3A signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shouguang City People's Hospital, Shouguang City, 262700, Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shouguang City People's Hospital, Shouguang City, 262700, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Zibo City, Zibo City, 255200, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo City, 255200, Shandong, China.
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Zibo, No.54 Gongqingtuan West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo City, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China.
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105
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Kumar A, Vaish M, Karuppagounder SS, Gazaryan I, Cave JW, Starkov AA, Anderson ET, Zhang S, Pinto JT, Rountree AM, Wang W, Sweet IR, Ratan RR. HIF1α stabilization in hypoxia is not oxidant-initiated. eLife 2021; 10:72873. [PMID: 34596045 PMCID: PMC8530508 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic adaptation mediated by HIF transcription factors requires mitochondria, which have been implicated in regulating HIF1α stability in hypoxia by distinct models that involve consuming oxygen or alternatively converting oxygen into the second messenger peroxide. Here, we use a ratiometric, peroxide reporter, HyPer to evaluate the role of peroxide in regulating HIF1α stability. We show that antioxidant enzymes are neither homeostatically induced nor are peroxide levels increased in hypoxia. Additionally, forced expression of diverse antioxidant enzymes, all of which diminish peroxide, had disparate effects on HIF1α protein stability. Moreover, decrease in lipid peroxides by glutathione peroxidase-4 or superoxide by mitochondrial SOD, failed to influence HIF1α protein stability. These data show that mitochondrial, cytosolic or lipid ROS were not necessary for HIF1α stability, and favor a model where mitochondria contribute to hypoxic adaptation as oxygen consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, United States.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, United States.,Department of Neurology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, United States
| | - Manisha Vaish
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, United States.,Pandemic Response Lab, New York, United States
| | - Saravanan S Karuppagounder
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, United States.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, United States.,Department of Neurology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, United States
| | - Irina Gazaryan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, New York Medical College, New York, United States
| | - John W Cave
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, United States.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, United States.,Department of Neurology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, United States
| | - Anatoly A Starkov
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, United States.,Department of Neurology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, United States
| | | | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute for Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - John T Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, United States
| | - Austin M Rountree
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Pain and Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Ian R Sweet
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Rajiv R Ratan
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, United States.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, United States.,Department of Neurology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, United States
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106
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Mei Z, Hong Y, Yang H, Sheng Q, Situ B. Huperzine A protects against traumatic brain injury through anti-oxidative effects via the Nrf2-ARE pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1455-1461. [PMID: 35096305 PMCID: PMC8769513 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.58169.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prominent health problem worldwide and it may lead to cognitive dysfunction, disability, and even death. To date, there is no effective treatment for TBI. Our previous study showed that Huperzine A (HupA) improved cognitive function in a mouse model of TBI. However, the detailed mechanism of HupA remains unaddressed. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of HupA. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups as sham, injured with vehicle treatment, and injured with HupA treatment groups. The Morris water maze task was used to evaluate the impairment of special learning and memory. Brain edema was as-sessed by measuring the wet weight to dry weight ratio. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were measured for oxidative stress. Protein expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygen-ase-1(HO-1), and synaptophysin were detected by Western blot. The brain sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) for histology study. RESULTS We found that HupA therapy improved histology and cognitive functional outcomes after TBI. HupA reduced brain edema in TBI mice. furthermore, HupA inhibited ox-idative stress. HupA promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nu-clear translocation and activated Nrf2 after TBI. CONCLUSION HupA protects against TBI through antioxidative effects via the Nrf2-ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guang-zhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, P.R. China
| | - Ye Hong
- Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, P.R. China
| | - Haiyi Yang
- Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, P.R. China
| | - Qiongyu Sheng
- Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, P.R. China
| | - Bing Situ
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, P.R. China,Corresponding author: Bing Situ, Master, Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, P.R. China. Tel: +86 20 81292050;
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107
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Manochkumar J, Doss CGP, El-Seedi HR, Efferth T, Ramamoorthy S. The neuroprotective potential of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153676. [PMID: 34339943 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in research on neurodegenerative diseases, the pathogenesis and treatment response of neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear. Recent studies revealed a significant role of carotenoids to treat neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to systematically review the neuroprotective potential of carotenoids in vivo and in vitro and the molecular mechanisms and pathological factors contributing to major neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke). HYPOTHESIS Carotenoids as therapeutic molecules to target neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS Aggregation of toxic proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, the excitotoxic pathway, and neuroinflammation were the major pathological factors contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies supported the beneficiary role of carotenoids, namely lycopene, β-carotene, crocin, crocetin, lutein, fucoxanthin and astaxanthin in alleviating disease progression. These carotenoids provide neuroprotection by inhibition of neuro-inflammation, microglial activation, excitotoxic pathway, modulation of autophagy, attenuation of oxidative damage and activation of defensive antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, studies conducted on humans also demonstrated that dietary intake of carotenoids lowers the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSION Carotenoids may be used as drugs to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases. Although, the in vitro and in vivo results are encouraging, further well conducted clinical studies on humans are required to conclude about the full potential of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Manochkumar
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Koom, Egypt
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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108
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Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Sarbishegi M, Gorgich EAC. Withania coagulans extract attenuates oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis of cerebellar purkinje neurons after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1699-1708. [PMID: 33970396 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is known to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, consequences of oxidative stress (OS), and neuronal death in the susceptible brain areas including the cerebellum. Newly, remarkable attention has been paid to a natural diet with the capability to scavenge ROS. Withania coagulans root extract (WCE) is rich in components with antioxidants properties. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of WCE on cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) against OS-mediated apoptosis after I/R injury. In this experimental study 64 male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 16) as follows: control, sham, I/R, and WCE 1000 + I/R. I/R animals were pretreated with daily administration of hydro-alcoholic WCE (1000 mg/kg) or distilled water as a vehicle for 30 days before I/R injury. After 72 h, the animals were sacrificed, the cerebellum tissue was removed and used for biochemical (CAT, SOD, GPx, and MDA levels) and histopathological (Nissl and TUNEL staining) assays. Findings showed that the MDA level and the number of apoptotic neurons significantly increased and viable Purkinje neurons decreased in I/R injury (p < 0.05). Administration of 1000 mg/kg WCE reduced MDA level and enhanced antioxidants activity including CAT, SOD, and GPx significantly. In addition, intact surviving PCs increased. At the same time, TUNEL-positive neurons decreased significantly in the WCE pre-treated group (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that WCE can counteract cerebral I/R-induced OS and associated neuronal death by enhancement of ROS scavenging and antioxidant capacity. It appears that pre-treatment with 1000 mg/kg WCE for thirty days can protect PCs against OS-mediated apoptosis after I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Infection Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR, Iran
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb
- Infection Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR, Iran.
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR, Iran.
| | - Maryam Sarbishegi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR, Iran
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109
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Klichkhanov NK, Dzhafarova AM. Effect of Mild Hypothermia on the Catalytic Characteristics of Synaptic Acetylcholinesterase during Subtotal Global Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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110
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Popović KJ, Popović DJ, Miljković D, Popović JK, Lalošević D, Poša M, Čapo I. Disulfiram and metformin combination anticancer effect reversible partly by antioxidant nitroglycerin and completely by NF-κB activator mebendazole in hamster fibrosarcoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112168. [PMID: 34536762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the anticancer effect of disulfiram and metformin combination on fibrosarcoma in hamsters. Hamsters of both sexes (~ 70 g) were randomly allocated to control and experimental groups (8 animals per group). In all 10 groups, 2 × 106 BHK-21/C13 cells in 1 ml were injected subcutaneously into the animals' backs. Peroral treatments were carried out with disulfiram 50 mg/kg daily, or with metformin 500 mg/kg daily, or with their combination. Validation and rescue grups were treated by double doses of the single therapy and by the combination with addition of rescue daily doses of ROS inhibitor nitroglycerin 25 mg/kg or NF-κB stimulator mebendazole 460 mg/kg, via a gastric probe after tumor inoculation. After 19 days all animals were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses, the tumors were excised and weighed, and their diameters and volumes were measured. The tumor samples were pathohistologically and immunohistochemically assessed (Ki-67, PCNA, CD34, CD31, COX4, Cytochrome C, GLUT1, iNOS), and the main organs were toxicologically tested. The combination of disulfiram and metformin significantly inhibited fibrosarcoma growth in hamsters without toxicity, compared to monotherapy or control. The single treatments did not show significant antisarcoma effect. Co-treatment with nitroglycerin partly rescued tumor progression, probably by ROS inhibition, while mebendazole completely blocked anticancer activity of the disulfiram and metformin combination, most likely by NF-κB stimulation. Combination of disulfiram with metformin may be used as an effective and safe candidate for novel nontoxic adjuvant and relapse prevention anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosta J Popović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Dušica J Popović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejan Miljković
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovan K Popović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dušan Lalošević
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mihalj Poša
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivan Čapo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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111
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Ellis RJ, Wilson N, Peterson S. Cannabis and Inflammation in HIV: A Review of Human and Animal Studies. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081521. [PMID: 34452386 PMCID: PMC8402692 DOI: 10.3390/v13081521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent inflammation occurs in people with HIV (PWH) and has many downstream adverse effects including myocardial infarction, neurocognitive impairment and death. Because the proportion of people with HIV who use cannabis is high and cannabis may be anti-inflammatory, it is important to characterize the impact of cannabis use on inflammation specifically in PWH. We performed a selective, non-exhaustive review of the literature on the effects of cannabis on inflammation in PWH. Research in this area suggests that cannabinoids are anti-inflammatory in the setting of HIV. Anti-inflammatory actions are mediated in many cases through effects on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the gut, and through stabilization of gut–blood barrier integrity. Cannabidiol may be particularly important as an anti-inflammatory cannabinoid. Cannabis may provide a beneficial intervention to reduce morbidity related to inflammation in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J. Ellis
- Departments of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, UCSD HNRC, Mail Code 8231 220 Dickinson Street, Suite B, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalie Wilson
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 Owens Street, Suite 316, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Scott Peterson
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
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112
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Kaushik P, Ali M, Salman M, Tabassum H, Parvez S. Harnessing the mitochondrial integrity for neuroprotection: Therapeutic role of piperine against experimental ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105138. [PMID: 34284077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a rapidly increasing global burden and is associated with severe neurological decline and mortality. There is urgent requirement of the efforts, aimed to identify therapeutic strategies that are effective in clinic to promote significant recovery from IS. Studies have shown that mitochondria mediated neuroprotection can be a competent target against ischemic damage. Therefore, we examined whether mitochondrial impairment is regulated by Piperine (PIP), an alkaloid of Piper Longum, which has neuroprotective activity against ischemic brain injury. In this study, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) surgery was performed on male Wistar rats for 90 min followed by 22.5 h of reperfusion for mimicking the IS condition. This study consisted of three groups: sham, tMCAO and tMCAO + PIP (10 mg/kg b.wt., p.o/day for 15 days), and studied for behavioral tests, infarct volume, brain pathological changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation alongwith cell survival status. PIP pre-treatment showed reduction in neurological alterations and infarct volume. In addition, PIP pre-treatment suppressed the mitochondrial dysfunction and might have anti-apoptotic potential by preventing Cytochrome c (Cyt c) release from mitochondria to cytoplasm and caspase 3 activation. It also regulates pro-apoptotic, Bax and anti-apoptotic, Bcl-2 proteins accompanied by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive cells in cortex region. Quantitative Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results also showed that PIP reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory protein, interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and enhanced cell survival by restoring the activity of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its transcription protein, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Taken together, PIP reduced the mitochondrial dysfunction, neurological impairment, and enhanced neuronal survival. In conclusion, our findings reinforce PIP as an effective neuroprotective agent and provide important evidence about its role as a potential target to serve as a promising therapy for treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mubashshir Ali
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohd Salman
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, V. Ramalingaswamy Bhawan, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Eslami M, Oryan SH, Rahnema M, Bigdeli MR. Neuroprotective Effects of Normobaric Hyperoxia and Transplantation of Encapsulated Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells on The Focal Brain Ischemia. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:303-312. [PMID: 34308573 PMCID: PMC8286464 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Choroid plexus epithelial cells (CPECs) have the epithelial characteristic, produce cerebrospinal fluid,
contribute to the detoxification process in the central nervous system (CNS), and are responsible for the synthesis and
release of many nerve growth factors. On the other hand, studies suggest that normobaric hyperoxia (HO) by induction
of ischemic tolerance (IT) can protect against brain damage and neurological diseases. We examined the effect of
combination therapy of encapsulated CPECs and HO to protect against ischemic brain injury.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, six groups of adult male Wistar rats were randomly organized:
sham, room air (RA)+middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), HO+MCAO, RA+MCAO+encapsulated CPECs,
HO+MCAO+encapsulated CPECs, RA+MCAO+empty capsules. RA/HO were pretreatment. The CPECs were isolated
from the brain of neonatal Wistar rats, cultured, and encapsulated. Then microencapsulated CPECs were transplanted
in the neck of the animal immediately after the onset of reperfusion in adult rats that had been exposed to 60 minutes
MCAO. After 23 hours of reperfusion, the neurologic deficit score (NDS) was assessed. Next, rats were killed, and
brains were isolated for measuring brain infarction volume, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, edema, the activity
of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) and also, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Results Our results showed that NDS decreased equally in HO+MCAO, RA+MCAO+encapsulated CPECs, and
HO+MCAO+encapsulated CPECs groups. Brain infarction volume decreased up 79%, BBB stability increased, edema
decreased, SOD and CAT activities increased, and MDA decreased in the combination group of HO and transplantation
of encapsulated CPECs in the ischemic brain as compared with when HO or transplantation of encapsulated CPECs was
applied alone.
Conclusion The combination of HO and transplantation of encapsulated CPECs for stroke in rats was more effective
than the other treatments, and it can be taken into account as a promising treatment for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maesumeh Eslami
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S Hahrbanoo Oryan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahnema
- Biology Research Center, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bigdeli
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. .,Inistitute for Cognitive and Brain Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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114
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Shaafi S, Hadisi F, Mahmoudinezhad M, Razmi H, Nejadghaderi SA, Khalili M. The significance of the oxidative stress markers in the one-year prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a case-control study. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:258. [PMID: 34215195 PMCID: PMC8252289 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Also, free radicals and oxidative stress are deleterious factor in the stroke progression. We aimed to evaluate the association between oxidative stress markers and odds of having risk factor for stroke or developing stroke. Methods The present case-control study was conducted on 556 participants in Imam-Reza hospital, Tabriz, Iran. Subjects were divided into three group, including individuals with acute ischemic stroke, those who were at risk of stroke, and healthy controls. All enrolled participants except for controls underwent neurological examinations and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Stroke-related disability and stroke severity were evaluated by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), respectively. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured within 48 h of the initiation of stroke. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used for comparing characteristics between groups. Multivariable logistic regression was implemented for odds of stroke based on MDA and TAC quartiles. Also, Spearman’s correlation was utilized. Results Serum MDA, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride were significantly higher in the stroke group than controls. High levels of MDA were associated with increased development of stroke (P-value < 0.001), however TAC and MDA were not associated with having risk factors for stroke (P-value = 1.00 and 0.27, respectively). Also, TAC level was negatively associated with baseline (ρ = − 0.28; P-value = 0.04) and follow-up (ρ = − 0.31; P-value = 0.03) NIHSS scores. Moreover, MDA was correlated with mRS score at follow-up (ρ = − 0.26; P-value = 0.04). Conclusions The balance between antioxidants and oxidants markers might reveal a new approach in this context. Further studies are warranted to identify the source of oxidative stress as well as cessation of the production of oxygen radicals in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Shaafi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fina Hadisi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mahmoudinezhad
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Razmi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalili
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Krishnan A, Samal P, Mayi S, Degulmadi S, Rai RR, Dave B. Thoracic Spine Stenosis: Does Ultrasonic Osteotome Improve Outcome in Comparison to Conventional Technique? Malays Orthop J 2021; 15:62-69. [PMID: 34429824 PMCID: PMC8381659 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2107.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the efficacy of Ultrasonic Bone Scalpel (UBS) in thoracic spinal stenosis (TSS) in comparison to traditional technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 55 patients who had undergone conventional surgery (Group A) are compared with 45 patients of UBS (Group B) in TSS. The primary outcome measure of Modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (m JOA) with neurological complications and dural injury were assessed. Secondary outcome measures of total blood loss (TBL), time duration of surgery (ORT) and length of hospital stay (LHS) were analysed. RESULTS The pre-operative mJOA score 5.00(4.00-6.00) in the group A and 5.00(4.00-6.00) in the group B improved to 7.00(7.00-8.00) in the group A and 9.00(9.00-10.00) in the group B, respectively (P<0.001) at final average follow-up of 117.55 months for group A and 75.69 months in group B. More significant grade of myelopathy improvement and mJOA recovery rate (RR) were noted in group B. The TBL, ORT and LHS were more favourable in group B as compared to group A (p<0.0001). The group A had 9 (16.36%) neurological deficits compared to 2 (4.44%) in group B (p<0.001). Dural tears occurred in both groups (A=11, B=9). It was more frequent and not repairable in group A but without significant statistical difference. CONCLUSION UBS can reduce neurological deficits and improve outcomes in TSS. Secondarily, reduced blood loss, lesser surgical time and reduced LHS are significant added advantages of this new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krishnan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India
| | - P Samal
- Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India
| | - S Mayi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India
| | - S Degulmadi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India
| | - R R Rai
- Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India
| | - B Dave
- Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India
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Baicalein, Baicalin, and Wogonin: Protective Effects against Ischemia-Induced Neurodegeneration in the Brain and Retina. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8377362. [PMID: 34306315 PMCID: PMC8263226 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8377362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia is a common pathological condition present in many neurodegenerative diseases, including ischemic stroke, retinal vascular occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma, threatening the sight and lives of millions of people globally. Ischemia can trigger excessive oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction, leading to the disruption of tissue homeostasis and, ultimately, cell death. Current therapies are very limited and have a narrow time window for effective treatment. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutic options for ischemia-induced neural injuries. With emerging reports on the pharmacological properties of natural flavonoids, these compounds present potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic agents for the treatment of ischemic insults. Three major active flavonoids, baicalein, baicalin, and wogonin, have been extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (S. baicalensis); all of which are reported to have low cytotoxicity. They have been demonstrated to exert promising pharmacological capabilities in preventing cell and tissue damage. This review focuses on the therapeutic potentials of these flavonoids against ischemia-induced neurotoxicity and damage in the brain and retina. The bioactivity and bioavailability of baicalein, baicalin, and wogonin are also discussed. It is with hope that the therapeutic potential of these flavonoids can be utilized and developed as natural treatments for ischemia-induced injuries of the central nervous system (CNS).
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117
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Chojnowski K, Opielka M, Nazar W, Kowianski P, Smolenski RT. Neuroprotective Effects of Guanosine in Ischemic Stroke-Small Steps towards Effective Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6898. [PMID: 34199004 PMCID: PMC8268871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanosine (Guo) is a nucleotide metabolite that acts as a potent neuromodulator with neurotrophic and regenerative properties in neurological disorders. Under brain ischemia or trauma, Guo is released to the extracellular milieu and its concentration substantially raises. In vitro studies on brain tissue slices or cell lines subjected to ischemic conditions demonstrated that Guo counteracts destructive events that occur during ischemic conditions, e.g., glutaminergic excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production. Moreover, Guo mitigates neuroinflammation and regulates post-translational processing. Guo asserts its neuroprotective effects via interplay with adenosine receptors, potassium channels, and excitatory amino acid transporters. Subsequently, guanosine activates several prosurvival molecular pathways including PI3K/Akt (PI3K) and MEK/ERK. Due to systemic degradation, the half-life of exogenous Guo is relatively low, thus creating difficulty regarding adequate exogenous Guo distribution. Nevertheless, in vivo studies performed on ischemic stroke rodent models provide promising results presenting a sustained decrease in infarct volume, improved neurological outcome, decrease in proinflammatory events, and stimulation of neuroregeneration through the release of neurotrophic factors. In this comprehensive review, we discuss molecular signaling related to Guo protection against brain ischemia. We present recent advances, limitations, and prospects in exogenous guanosine therapy in the context of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Chojnowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.C.); (W.N.)
| | - Mikolaj Opielka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- International Research Agenda 3P—Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, 3A Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nazar
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.C.); (W.N.)
| | - Przemyslaw Kowianski
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Institute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Słupsk, Bohaterów Westerplatte 64, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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118
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Role of Polyphenols as Antioxidant Supplementation in Ischemic Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5471347. [PMID: 34257802 PMCID: PMC8253632 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5471347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death globally and the leading cause of death in China. The pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia injury is complex, and oxidative stress plays an important role in the fundamental pathologic progression of cerebral damage in ischemic stroke. Previous studies have preliminarily confirmed that oxidative stress should be a potential therapeutic target and antioxidant as a treatment strategy for ischemic stroke. Emerging experimental studies have demonstrated that polyphenols exert the antioxidant potential to play the neuroprotection role after ischemic stroke. This comprehensive review summarizes antioxidant effects of some polyphenols, which have the most inhibition effects on reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative stress after ischemic stroke.
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119
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Díaz-Baamonde A, Peláez-Cruz R, Téllez MJ, Chen J, Lara-Reyna J, Ulkatan S. Quadriplegia, an Unusual Outcome After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2021; 11:01709767-202106000-00128. [PMID: 34161306 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.20.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CASE A 68-year-old woman who underwent a C5 to C6 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery presented with new-onset postoperative quadriplegia. During discectomy, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring alerted of a spinal cord (SC) dysfunction. The surgery was halted, and measures to ensure adequate SC perfusion were initiated. In the next 2-week follow-up, patient's motor deficit progressively improved. CONCLUSIONS We report an unusual and devastating outcome of new-onset quadriplegia after an elective ACDF and highlight the relevance of intraoperative monitoring during cervical spine surgery to early recognize and treat SC impending injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Díaz-Baamonde
- Department of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Roberto Peláez-Cruz
- Department of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Maria J Téllez
- Department of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Junping Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Jacques Lara-Reyna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Sedat Ulkatan
- Department of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, New York
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120
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Kim GS, Stephenson JM, Al Mamun A, Wu T, Goss MG, Min JW, Li J, Liu F, Marrelli SP. Determining the effect of aging, recovery time, and post-stroke memantine treatment on delayed thalamic gliosis after cortical infarct. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12613. [PMID: 34131204 PMCID: PMC8206333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary injury following cortical stroke includes delayed gliosis and eventual neuronal loss in the thalamus. However, the effects of aging and the potential to ameliorate this gliosis with NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonism are not established. We used the permanent distal middle cerebral artery stroke model (pdMCAO) to examine secondary thalamic injury in young and aged mice. At 3 days post-stroke (PSD3), slight microgliosis (IBA-1) and astrogliosis (GFAP) was evident in thalamus, but no infarct. Gliosis increased dramatically through PSD14, at which point degenerating neurons were detected. Flow cytometry demonstrated a significant increase in CD11b+/CD45int microglia (MG) in the ipsilateral thalamus at PSD14. CCR2-RFP reporter mouse further demonstrated that influx of peripheral monocytes contributed to the MG/Mϕ population. Aged mice demonstrated reduced microgliosis and astrogliosis compared with young mice. Interestingly, astrogliosis demonstrated glial scar-like characteristics at two years post-stroke, but not by 6 weeks. Lastly, treatment with memantine (NMDAR antagonist) at 4 and 24 h after stroke significantly reduced gliosis at PSD14. These findings expand our understanding of gliosis in the thalamus following cortical stroke and demonstrate age-dependency of this secondary injury. Additionally, these findings indicate that delayed treatment with memantine (an FDA approved drug) provides significant reduction in thalamic gliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gab Seok Kim
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jessica M Stephenson
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Monica G Goss
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jia-Wei Min
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fudong Liu
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sean P Marrelli
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Asgharzade S, Talaei A, Farkhondeh T, Forouzanfar F. Combining Growth Factor and Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke Rehabilitation, A Review. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:781-791. [PMID: 31914912 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200107100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a serious, life-threatening condition demanding vigorous search for new therapies. Recent research has focused on stem cell-based therapies as a viable choice following ischemic stroke, based on studies displaying that stem cells transplanted to the brain not only survive but also cause functional recovery. Growth factors defined as polypeptides that regulate the growth and differentiation of many cell types. Many studies have demonstrated that combined use of growth factors may increase results by the stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection properties, and enhancement of stem cell survival rates and so may be more effective than a single stem cell therapy. This paper reviews and discusses the most promising new stroke recovery research, including combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Asgharzade
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Andisheh Talaei
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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122
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Baek SJ, Hammock BD, Hwang IK, Li Q, Moustaid-Moussa N, Park Y, Safe S, Suh N, Yi SS, Zeldin DC, Zhong Q, Bradbury JA, Edin ML, Graves JP, Jung HY, Jung YH, Kim MB, Kim W, Lee J, Li H, Moon JS, Yoo ID, Yue Y, Lee JY, Han HJ. Natural Products in the Prevention of Metabolic Diseases: Lessons Learned from the 20th KAST Frontier Scientists Workshop. Nutrients 2021; 13:1881. [PMID: 34072678 PMCID: PMC8227583 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic and chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, inflammation-related diseases sharply increased in the 21st century. Major underlying causes for these diseases are inflammation and oxidative stress. Accordingly, natural products and their bioactive components are obvious therapeutic agents for these diseases, given their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Research in this area has been significantly expanded to include chemical identification of these compounds using advanced analytical techniques, determining their mechanism of action, food fortification and supplement development, and enhancing their bioavailability and bioactivity using nanotechnology. These timely topics were discussed at the 20th Frontier Scientists Workshop sponsored by the Korean Academy of Science and Technology, held at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 23 November 2019. Scientists from South Korea and the U.S. shared their recent research under the overarching theme of Bioactive Compounds, Nanoparticles, and Disease Prevention. This review summarizes presentations at the workshop to provide current knowledge of the role of natural products in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung J. Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - In-Koo Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Qingxiao Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (Y.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Sun-Shin Yi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.M.); (I.-D.Y.)
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Qixin Zhong
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Jennifer Alyce Bradbury
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Joan P. Graves
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Hyo-Young Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Young-Hyun Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Woosuk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaehak Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Hong Li
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Jong-Seok Moon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.M.); (I.-D.Y.)
| | - Ik-Dong Yoo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.M.); (I.-D.Y.)
| | - Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (Y.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Ho-Jae Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
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Lashch NU, Kamchatnov PR, Fedorova TN, Muzychuk OA, Khacheva KK, Pizova NV, Malygin AU, Shavlovskaya OA, Fateeva VV, Nikulina KV, Abrosimov АV, Gerasimova YA, Glushkov KS, Lebedeva AV. Efficacy and Safety of Divaza for the Correction of Oxidative Disturbances in Patients with Cerebral Atherosclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 50:472-482. [PMID: 34044407 DOI: 10.1159/000515233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if Divaza, a drug with nootropic and antioxidant effects, was safe and effective for the correction of oxidative disturbances and to stabilize cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis. STUDY DESIGN The study design consisted of a 12-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective trial in parallel groups. SETTING The setting in which the study was conducted comprised 10 clinical centers across the Russian Federation. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized into 2 groups and instructed to take either 2 tablets of the study drug or a placebo 3 times per day in conjunction with basic therapy. OUTCOMES The primary outcome was a change in the average endogenous antioxidant potential after the completion of the study. The blood indicators of the oxidative stress (OS) were analyzed at the baseline and then after 12 weeks of therapy using iron-induced chemiluminescence analysis. The Montreal cognitive assessment test was used as a secondary outcome measure to evaluate cognitive impairment at the end of the study. RESULTS 124 outpatients with a mean age of 60.7 ± 7.6 years were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive Divaza (n = 65) or a placebo (n = 59). An improvement of cognitive function was observed in all patients of the Divaza group at the end of the treatment; this was significantly better than the placebo group (100 [100] vs. 89.5 [89.1]%, respectively, p = 0.0272 [p = 0.0128]). The administration of Divaza restored the activity of the endogenous antioxidant system. The change in the average level of lipoprotein resistance to oxidation after 12 weeks of therapy, compared to the baseline, was significantly higher in the Divaza group (14.8 ± 14.7 [14.8 ± 14.7] seconds latent period vs. 6.4 ± 16.9 [6.9 ± 16.7] seconds in the placebo group (p = 0.007 [p = 0.0107]). CONCLUSIONS Divaza is a safe and effective therapeutic option for attenuating OS and recovery of cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia U Lashch
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel R Kamchatnov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Olga A Shavlovskaya
- Autonomous Nonprofit Organization of Higher Education «International University of Restorative Medicine», Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria V Fateeva
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kseniya V Nikulina
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | - Anna V Lebedeva
- Scientific Research Institute of Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Department of Healthcare, State-Financed Institution of Moscow City, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Kang JB, Park DJ, Shah MA, Koh PO. Retinoic acid exerts neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia by preventing apoptotic cell death. Neurosci Lett 2021; 757:135979. [PMID: 34023410 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a neurological disorder that leads to cognitive decline and high mortality. Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A that has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. This study investigated whether retinoic acid prevents neuronal cell damage on focal cerebral ischemia through modulating apoptosis signaling pathway. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to induce focal cerebral ischemia in adult male rats. Retinoic acid (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally for 4 days prior to MCAO. Neurological behavior deficit tests were performed 24 h after MCAO. Brain edema and infarct volume were measured, and TUNEL histochemistry was carried out. We also investigated the changes in apoptosis-related proteins including bcl-2 family proteins and caspases. MCAO injury induced severe neurological behavior deficits and brain edema. It also increased infarct volume, histopathological damages, and the number of TUNEL-positive cells in cerebral cortex. However, retinoic acid pretreatment attenuated MCAO-induced neurological behavior deficits, brain edema, and infarction. It also alleviated histopathological lesion and decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Bcl-2 and bax proteins are representative bcl-2 family proteins. MCAO injury induced a decrease in bcl-2 expression and an increase in bax expression, and retinoic acid pretreatment alleviated these changes. MCAO injury caused a decrease in bcl-2/bax expression ratio in cerebral cortex, while retinoic acid restored this decrease by MCAO. Moreover, our result showed increases in caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP protein levels in MCAO-operated animals. Retinoic acid pretreatment prevented these increases. We identified the changes in cleaved forms of these proteins, similar to the changes in full-length protein. Activation of caspases and PARP proteins are considered to be representative apoptosis indicators. This study showed that retinoic acid regulates bcl-2 family proteins and caspase proteins in focal cerebral ischemia. Thus, our findings demonstrate that retinoic acid exhibits a neuroprotective effect against ischemic damage by modulating apoptosis signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Bin Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Murad-Ali Shah
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
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Ren JX, Li C, Yan XL, Qu Y, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis/Oxytosis in Ischemic Stroke: Possible Targets and Molecular Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6643382. [PMID: 34055196 PMCID: PMC8133868 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6643382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key cause of ischemic stroke and an initiator of neuronal dysfunction and death, mainly through the overproduction of peroxides and the depletion of antioxidants. Ferroptosis/oxytosis is a unique, oxidative stress-induced cell death pathway characterized by lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion. Both oxidative stress and ferroptosis/oxytosis have common molecular pathways. This review summarizes the possible targets and the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between oxidative stress and ferroptosis/oxytosis in ischemic stroke. This knowledge might help to further understand the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and open new perspectives for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Ren
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chao Li
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiu-Li Yan
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
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Singh RD, Arts MP, de Ruiter GCW. Delayed-onset white cord syndrome after anterior and posterior cervical decompression surgery for symptomatic ossification of spinal ligaments: illustrative cases. JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY: CASE LESSONS 2021; 1:CASE2113. [PMID: 35854839 PMCID: PMC9245768 DOI: 10.3171/case2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White cord syndrome is an extremely rare complication of cervical decompressive surgery, characterized by serious postoperative neurological deficits in the absence of apparent surgical complications. It is named after the characteristic ischemic-edematous intramedullary T2-hyperintense signal on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging and is believed to be caused by ischemic-reperfusion injury. Neurological deficits typically manifest immediately after surgery, and delayed occurrence has been reported only once. OBSERVATIONS The authors presented two cases of delayed white cord syndrome after anterior and posterior cervical decompression surgery for symptomatic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum, respectively. Neurological deficits manifested on postoperative day 2 (case 1) and day 8 (case 2). The patients’ conditions were managed with high-dose corticosteroids, mean arterial pressure augmentation, and early physical therapy, after which they showed partial neurological recovery at discharge, which improved further by the 3-month follow-up visit. LESSONS The authors’ aim was to raise awareness among spine surgeons about this rare but severe complication of cervical decompressive surgery and to emphasize the mainstays of treatment based on current best evidence: high-dose corticosteroids, mean arterial pressure augmentation, and early physical therapy.
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Neuroprotective Effects of Salicin in a Gerbil Model of Transient Forebrain Ischemia by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Activating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040629. [PMID: 33924188 PMCID: PMC8074613 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicin is a major natural compound of willow bark and displays diverse beneficial biological properties, such as antioxidant activity. However, little information available for the neuroprotective potential of salicin against ischemic brain injury has been reported. Thus, this study was performed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of salicin against ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury and its mechanisms in the hippocampus using a gerbil model of 5-min transient ischemia (TI) in the forebrain, in which a massive loss (death) of pyramidal neurons cells occurred in the subfield Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) among the hippocampal subregions (CA1-3) at 5 days after TI. To examine neuroprotection by salicin, gerbils were pretreated with salicin alone or together with LY294002, which is a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, once daily for 3 days before TI. Treatment with 20 mg/kg of salicin significantly protected CA1 pyramidal neurons against the ischemic injury. Treatment with 20 mg/kg of salicin significantly reduced the TI-induced increase in superoxide anion generation and lipid peroxidation in the CA1 pyramidal neurons after TI. The treatment also reinstated the TI-induced decrease in superoxide dismutases (SOD1 and SOD2), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the CA1 pyramidal cells after TI. Moreover, salicin treatment significantly elevated the levels of phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), which is a major downstream target of PI3K, in the ischemic CA1. Notably, the neuroprotective effect of salicin was abolished by LY294002. Taken together, these findings clearly indicate that salicin protects against ischemic brain injury by attenuating oxidative stress and activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway.
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Zhu J, Zhu Z, Ren Y, Dong Y, Li Y, Yang X. LINGO-1 shRNA protects the brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1114-1122. [PMID: 33830473 PMCID: PMC8197719 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
LINGO-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. However, its biological function and underlying molecular mechanism in cerebral ischemia remain to be further defined. In our study, middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MACO/R) mice model and HT22 cell oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) were established to simulate the pathological process of cerebral ischemia in vivo and in vitro and to detect the relevant mechanism. We found that LINGO-1 mRNA and protein were upregulated in mice and cell models. Down-regulation LINGO-1 improved the neurological symptoms and reduced pathological changes and the infarct size of the mice after MACO/R. In addition, LINGO-1 interference alleviated apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation in HT22 of OGD/R. Moreover, down-regulation of LINGO-1 proved to inhibit nuclear translocation of p-NF-κB and reduce the expression level of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3. In conclusion, our data suggest that shLINGO-1 attenuated ischemic injury by negatively regulating NF-KB and JAK2/STAT3 pathways, highlighting a novel therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yipin Ren
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Yukang Dong
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiulin Yang
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China.
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Jittiwat J, Chonpathompikunlert P, Sukketsiri W. Neuroprotective effects of Apium graveolens against focal cerebral ischemia occur partly via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2256-2263. [PMID: 33006386 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a neurological disease caused by a sudden disturbance of cerebral blood flow to the brain, leading to loss of brain function. Recently, accumulating lines of evidence have suggested that dietary enrichment with nutritional antioxidants could reduce brain damage and improve cognitive function. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effects of Apium graveolens, a medicinal plant with putative neuroprotective activity, against oxidative-stress-related brain damage and brain damage due to inflammation induced by focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS Male adult Wistar rats were administered with an extract of A. graveolens orally 14 days before permanent occlusion of their right middle cerebral artery. The brain infarct volumes of rats in each group were determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and the density of neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of rats was determined by cresyl violet staining. The levels of malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the rats were also quantified at the end of the study period. RESULTS Our results show that A. graveolens extract significantly decreased infarct volume and improved neuronal density in the cortex and hippocampus of rats receiving A. graveolens extract compared with those rats receiving no treatment. This neuroprotective effect was found to occur partly due to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that A. graveolens helps to reduce the severity of cognitive damage caused by focal cerebral ischemia. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinatta Jittiwat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Pennapa Chonpathompikunlert
- Expert Centre of Innovative Health Food (InnoFood), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Wanida Sukketsiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Zhang Z, Yang W. Paeoniflorin protects PC12 cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced injury via activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:572. [PMID: 33850544 PMCID: PMC8027733 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, and it has become a major health issue as it is characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates. Paeoniflorin (PF) is a natural compound and the main active ingredient of Radix Paeoniae. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of PF in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced injury of PC12 cells and its association with the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. An in vitro model of OGD/R injury was established in PC12 cells. Subsequently, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and ELISA were used to evaluate cell viability and the secretion of inflammatory factors, respectively, in PC12 cells subjected to OGD/R and treated with PF. The levels of oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory factors were measured using corresponding commercial kits. In addition, the apoptosis rate of PC12 cells subjected to OGD/R and treated with PF was determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was analyzed by western blotting. Additionally, the expression levels of JAK2/STAT3 pathway-related proteins were also evaluated. The cell viability, levels of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis were also measured in OGD/R-induced PC12 cell injury models following co-treatment of cells with PF and FLLL32, a specific inhibitor of JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Cell viability was reduced, while oxidative stress and inflammation were increased after OGD/R-induced injury. However, the treatment of cells with PF significantly enhanced cell viability, and alleviated oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis of OGD/R-treated PC12 cells. Furthermore, PF activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Following FLLL32 intervention, the effects of PF on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis of OGD/R-treated PC12 cells were reversed. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that PF may protect PC12 cells from OGD/R-induced injury via activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, thus providing novel insight into the mechanism through which PF may alleviate ischemic stroke and indicating a potential strategy for ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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Palmatine Protects against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Activation of the AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6660193. [PMID: 33777318 PMCID: PMC7981182 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6660193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Palmatine (PAL), a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, possesses extensive biological and pharmaceutical activities, including antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective, and gastroprotective activities. However, it is unknown whether PAL has a protective effect against ischemic stroke and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In the present study, a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model was used to mimic ischemic stroke and cerebral I/R injury in mice. Our study demonstrated that PAL treatment ameliorated cerebral I/R injury by decreasing infarct volume, neurological scores, and brain water content. PAL administration attenuated oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, and neuronal apoptosis in mice after cerebral I/R injury. In addition, PAL treatment also decreases hypoxia and reperfusion- (H/R-) induced neuronal injury by reducing oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, and neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, the neuroprotective effects of PAL were associated with the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, and Nrf2 knockdown offsets PAL-mediated antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, our results suggest that PAL may be a novel treatment strategy for ischemic stroke and cerebral I/R injury.
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132
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Jia J, Jin H, Nan D, Yu W, Huang Y. New insights into targeting mitochondria in ischemic injury. Apoptosis 2021; 26:163-183. [PMID: 33751318 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability and death worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as a marker of neuronal death during ischemic stroke. Maintaining the function of mitochondria is important for improving the survival of neurons and maintaining neuronal function. Damaged mitochondria induce neuronal cell apoptosis by releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-apoptotic factors. Mitochondrial fission and fusion processes and mitophagy are of great importance to mitochondrial quality control. This paper reviews the dynamic changes in mitochondria, the roles of mitochondria in different cell types, and related signaling pathways in ischemic stroke. This review describes in detail the role of mitochondria in the process of neuronal injury and protection in cerebral ischemia, and integrates neuroprotective drugs targeting mitochondria in recent years, which may provide a theoretical basis for the progress of treatment of ischemic stroke. The potential of mitochondrial-targeted therapy is also emphasized, which provides valuable insights for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jia
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Haiqiang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ding Nan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Yu Q, Dai H, Jiang Y, Zha Y, Zhang J. Sevoflurane alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced injury in HT22 cells through regulation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:376. [PMID: 33732349 PMCID: PMC7903476 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane (Sev), a volatile anesthetic, has been reported to exhibit beneficial effects on different ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-injured organs. However, the neuroprotective effect of Sev on cerebral I/R injury is poorly understood. In the present study, the effects of Sev on HT22 cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury are investigated. The present study demonstrated that OGD/R suppressed the cell viability and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from the cells, and these effects were attenuated by Sev treatment. The results also demonstrated that Sev alleviated OGD/R-induced cell apoptosis via flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity determination. Biochemical analysis results revealed that Sev significantly protected against OGD/R-induced oxidative stress by reducing ROS generation and improving antioxidant defense markers. Western blot analysis demonstrated that Sev reactivated the PI3K/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) signaling pathway, which was inhibited by OGD/R. In addition, wortmannin, a selective PI3K inhibitor was used to investigate the underlying pathways. Notably, the neuroprotective effect of Sev on apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production was found to be suppressed by wortmannin. Collectively, these results demonstrated that Sev may protect neuronal cells against OGD/R-induced injury through the activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. The findings from the present study provide a novel insight into understanding the neuroprotective effect of Sev on cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Haofei Dai
- Department of Nursing, Huashan Hospital-North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesia, Huashan Hospital-North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Zha
- Department of Anesthesia, Huashan Hospital-North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Huashan Hospital-North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, P.R. China
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Padmavathi G, Ramkumar KM. MicroRNA mediated regulation of the major redox homeostasis switch, Nrf2, and its impact on oxidative stress-induced ischemic/reperfusion injury. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 698:108725. [PMID: 33326800 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) initiates from oxidative stress caused by lack of blood supply and subsequent reperfusion. It is often associated with sterile inflammation, cell death and microvascular dysfunction, which ultimately results in myocardial, cerebral and hepatic IRIs. Reportedly, deregulation of Nrf2 pathway plays a significant role in the oxidative stress-induced IRIs. Further, microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are proved to regulate the expression and activation of Nrf2 by targeting either the 3'-UTR or the upstream regulators of Nrf2. Additionally, compounds (crocin, ZnSO4 and ginsenoside Rg1) that modulate the levels of the Nrf2-regulating miRNAs were found to exhibit a protective effect against IRIs of different organs. Therefore, the current review briefs the impact of ischemia reperfusion (I/R) pathogenesis in various organs, role of miRNAs in the regulation of Nrf2 and the I/R protective effect of compounds that alter their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Padmavathi
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Trabolsi C, Takash Chamoun W, Hijazi A, Nicoletti C, Maresca M, Nasser M. Study of Neuroprotection by a Combination of the Biological Antioxidant ( Eucalyptus Extract) and the Antihypertensive Drug Candesartan against Chronic Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:839. [PMID: 33562701 PMCID: PMC7915443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral ischemia with a notable long-term cessation of blood supply to the brain tissues leads to sensorimotor defects and short- and long-term memory problems. Neuroprotective agents are used in an attempt to save ischemic neurons from necrosis and apoptosis, such as the antioxidant agent Eucalyptus. Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Candesartan is a drug that acts as an angiotensin II receptor 1 blocker. We established a rat model exhibiting sensorimotor and cognitive impairments due to chronic cerebral ischemia induced by the ligation of the right common carotid artery. Wistar male rats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham group, Untreated Ligated group, Ischemic group treated with Eucalyptus (500 mg/kg), Ischemic group treated with Candesartan (0.5 mg/kg), and Ischemic group treated with a combination of Eucalyptus and Candesartan. To evaluate the sensorimotor disorders, we performed the beam balance test, the beam walking test, and the modified sticky test. Moreover, the object recognition test and the Morris water maze test were performed to assess the memory disorders of the rats. The infarct rat brain regions were subsequently stained using the triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining technique. The rats in the Sham group had normal sensorimotor and cognitive functions without the appearance of microscopic ischemic brain lesions. In parallel, the untreated Ischemic group showed severe impaired neurological functions with the presence of considerable brain infarctions. The treatment of the Ischemic group with a combination of both Eucalyptus and Candesartan was more efficient in improving the sensorimotor and cognitive deficits (p < 0.001) than the treatment with Eucalyptus or Candesartan alone (p < 0.05), by the comparison to the non-treated Ischemic group. Our study shows that the combination of Eucalyptus and Candesartan could decrease ischemic brain injury and improve neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Trabolsi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon; (C.T.); (W.T.C.)
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, Physiotoxicity (PhyTox), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon
| | - Wafaa Takash Chamoun
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon; (C.T.); (W.T.C.)
| | - Akram Hijazi
- Plateforme de recherche et d’analyse en sciences de l’environnement (EDST-PRASE), Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon;
| | - Cendrine Nicoletti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397 Marseille, France;
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397 Marseille, France;
| | - Mohamad Nasser
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, Physiotoxicity (PhyTox), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon
- Plateforme de recherche et d’analyse en sciences de l’environnement (EDST-PRASE), Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon;
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Zheng H, Jiang J, Xu S, Liu W, Xie Q, Cai X, Zhang J, Liu S, Li R. Nanoparticle-induced ferroptosis: detection methods, mechanisms and applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2266-2285. [PMID: 33480938 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08478f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death mechanism involved in the development of some severe diseases (e.g., Parkinsonian syndrome, stroke and tumours), the combination of nanotechnology with ferroptosis for the treatment of these diseases has attracted substantial research interest. However, it is challenging to differentiate nanoparticle-induced ferroptosis from other types of cell deaths (e.g., apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis), elucidate the detailed mechanisms and identify the key property of nanoparticles responsible for ferroptotic cell deaths. Therefore, a summary of these aspects from current research on nano-ferroptosis is important and timely. In this review, we endeavour to summarize some convincing techniques that can be employed to specifically examine ferroptotic cell deaths. Then, we discuss the molecular initiating events of nanosized ferroptosis inducers and the cascade signals in cells, and therefore elaborate the ferroptosis mechanisms. Besides, the key physicochemical properties of nano-inducers are also discussed to acquire a fundamental understanding of nano-structure-activity relationships (nano-SARs) involved in ferroptosis, which may facilitate the design of nanomaterials to deliberately tune ferroptosis. Finally, future perspectives on the fundamental understanding of nanoparticle-induced ferroptosis and its applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shujuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qianqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ruibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang Q, Liu N, Ni YS, Yang JM, Ma L, Lan XB, Wu J, Niu JG, Yu JQ. TRPM2 in ischemic stroke: Structure, molecular mechanisms, and drug intervention. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:136-154. [PMID: 33455532 PMCID: PMC7833771 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1870088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has a high lethality rate worldwide, and novel treatments are limited. Calcium overload is considered to be one of the mechanisms of cerebral ischemia. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive calcium channel. Cerebral ischemia-induced TRPM2 activation triggers abnormal intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and cell death, which in turn causes irreversible brain damage. Thus, TRPM2 has emerged as a new therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. This review provides data on the expression, structure, and function of TRPM2 and illustrates its cellular and molecular mechanisms in ischemic stroke. Natural and synthetic TRPM2 inhibitors (both specific and nonspecific) are also summarized. The three-dimensional protein structure of TRPM2 has been identified, and we speculate that molecular simulation techniques will be essential for developing new drugs that block TRPM2 channels. These insights about TRPM2 may be the key to find potent therapeutic approaches for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuan-Shu Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Jia-Mei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Jian-Guo Niu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Chen Q, Lei YQ, Liu JF, Wang ZC, Cao H. Triptolide improves neurobehavioral functions, inflammation, and oxidative stress in rats under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:3031-3044. [PMID: 33465048 PMCID: PMC7880355 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of triptolide (TPL) in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermia circulatory arrest (DHCA). Rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, sham, DHCA, and DHCA + TPL (100, 200, 300 μg/kg). Neurobehavioral functions were measured using the elevated plus-maze, Y-maze, and Morris water maze tests. Levels of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress indices, and brain neurotrophins were measured by ELISA. Microglial activation and cell death was measured by immunofluorescence staining and TUNEL assay, respectively. Finally, activation of the Nrf2 pathway and NF-κB were detected by western blot. The elevated plus-maze, Y-maze, and Morris water maze tests all showed that TPL mitigated anxiety-like behavior, working memory, spatial learning, and memory in DHCA rats. TPL inhibited inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, as well as increased brain neurotrophin levels in DHCA rats. Moreover, TPL attenuated microglia activation and cell death in DHCA rats. Finally, TPL activated the Nrf2 pathway and inhibited NF-κB activity in DHCA rats. These results demonstrated that TPL improved neurobehavioral functions, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in DHCA rats, which may be associated with the Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qing Lei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
| | - Zeng-Chun Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
| | - Hua Cao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
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1-O-Hexyl-2,3,5-Trimethylhydroquinone Ameliorates the Development of Preeclampsia through Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Cell Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8839394. [PMID: 33542786 PMCID: PMC7840260 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8839394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1-O-Hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone (HTHQ), a potent nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, has potent antioxidant activity by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the role of HTHQ on the development of preeclampsia (PE) and the underlying mechanisms have barely been explored. In the present study, PE model was induced by adenovirus-mediated overexpression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) in pregnant mice. The results showed that HTHQ treatment significantly relieved the high systolic blood pressure (SBP) and proteinuria and increased the fetal weight and fetal weight/placenta weight in preeclamptic mice. Furthermore, we found that HTHQ treatment significantly decreased soluble endoglin (sEng), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and activin A and restored vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in preeclamptic mice. In addition, HTHQ treatment inhibited oxidative stress and endothelial cell apoptosis by increasing the levels of Nrf2 and its downstream haemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein. In line with the data in vivo, we discovered that HTHQ treatment attenuated oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) following hypoxia and reperfusion (H/R), and the HTHQ-mediated protection was lost after transfected with siNrf2. In conclusion, these results suggested that HTHQ ameliorates the development of preeclampsia through suppression of oxidative stress and endothelial cell apoptosis.
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Qi Y, Cheng X, Gong G, Yan T, Du Y, Wu B, Bi K, Jia Y. Synergistic neuroprotective effect of schisandrin and nootkatone on regulating inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Food Funct 2021; 11:2427-2438. [PMID: 32129354 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02927c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that seriously threatens elderly health. Schisandrin (SCH) and nootkatone (NKT) are two core components derived from Alpinia oxyphylla-Schisandra chinensis herb pair (ASHP), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation. Previous studies demonstrated that the combination of NKT and SCH exerted a neuroprotective effect in AD mouse models. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether there was a synergistic effect between NKT and SCH and the possible mechanism in Aβ1-42 induced PC12 cells. SCH (50 μM) and NKT (10 μM) had the most notable inhibitory effect on the level of Aβ secreted by cells. Treatment with NKT + SCH activated the PI3K/AKT/Gsk-3β/mTOR pathway. Inflammation related proteins such as NF-κB, IKK, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased. The levels of cleaved-Caspase3 and LC3-II were reduced, indicating that apoptosis and autophagy were inhibited. These results revealed that NKT + SCH exerted a neuroprotective effect via the PI3K/AKT pathway, inhibiting inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinhui Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guowei Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, China
| | - Tingxu Yan
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yiyang Du
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shengyang 110016, China.
| | - Ying Jia
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Bsat S, Halaoui A, Kobeissy F, Moussalem C, El Houshiemy MN, Kawtharani S, Omeis I. Acute ischemic stroke biomarkers: a new era with diagnostic promise? Acute Med Surg 2021; 8:e696. [PMID: 34745637 PMCID: PMC8552525 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is considered as the first cause of neurological dysfunction and second cause of death worldwide. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only chemical treatment for ischemic stroke approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. It was the only standard of care for a long time with a very narrow therapeutic window, which usually ranges from 3 to 4.5 h of stroke onset; until 2015, when multiple trials demonstrated the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy during the first 6 h. In addition, recent trials showed that mechanical thrombectomy can be beneficial up to 24 h if the patients meet certain criteria including the presence of magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography perfusion mismatch, which allows better selectivity and higher recruitment of eligible stroke patients. However, magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography perfusion is not available in all stroke centers. Hence, physicians need other easy and available diagnostic tools to select stroke patients eligible for mechanical thrombectomy. Moreover, stroke management is still challenging for physicians, particularly those dealing with patients with "wake-up" stroke. The resulting brain tissue damage of ischemic stroke and the subsequent pathological processes are mediated by multiple molecular pathways that are modulated by inflammatory markers and post-transcriptional activity. A considerable number of published works suggest the role of inflammatory and cardiac brain-derived biomarkers (serum matrix metalloproteinase, thioredoxin, neuronal and glial markers, and troponin proteins) as well as different biomarkers including the emerging roles of microRNAs. In this review, we assess the accumulating evidence regarding the current status of acute ischemic stroke diagnostic biomarkers that could guide physicians for better management of stroke patients. Our review could give an insight into the roles of the different emerging markers and microRNAs that can be of high diagnostic value in patients with stroke. In fact, the field of stroke research, similar to the field of traumatic brain injury, is in immense need for novel biomarkers that can stratify diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Bsat
- Division of NeurosurgeryDepartment of SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | - Adham Halaoui
- Division of NeurosurgeryDepartment of SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsFaculty of MedicineAmerican University of BeirutBeirutLebanon
| | - Charbel Moussalem
- Division of NeurosurgeryDepartment of SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | | | - Sarah Kawtharani
- Division of NeurosurgeryDepartment of SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | - Ibrahim Omeis
- Division of NeurosurgeryDepartment of SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
- Department of NeurosurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
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142
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Engin A, Engin AB. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Signaling-Protein Kinases Crosstalk in Cerebral Ischemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:259-283. [PMID: 33539019 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Although stroke is very often the cause of death worldwide, the burden of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke varies between regions and over time regarding differences in prognosis, prevalence of risk factors, and treatment strategies. Excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization, sequentially lead to the progressive death of neurons. In this process, protein kinases-related checkpoints tightly regulate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling pathways. One of the major hallmarks of cerebral ischemia is excitotoxicity, characterized by overactivation of glutamate receptors leading to intracellular Ca2+ overload and ultimately neuronal death. Thus, reduced expression of postsynaptic density-95 protein and increased protein S-nitrosylation in neurons is responsible for neuronal vulnerability in cerebral ischemia. In this chapter death-associated protein kinases, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced protein kinases, hyperhomocysteinemia-related NMDA receptor overactivation, ephrin-B-dependent amplification of NMDA-evoked neuronal excitotoxicity and lysosomocentric hypothesis have been discussed.Consequently, ample evidences have demonstrated that enhancing extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activity triggers cell death after stroke. In this context, considering the dual roles of NMDA receptors in both promoting neuronal survival and mediating neuronal damage, selective augmentation of NR2A-containing NMDA receptor activation in the presence of NR2B antagonist may constitute a promising therapy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Singh NK, Khaliq S, Patel M, Wheeler N, Vedula S, Freeman JW, Firestein BL. Uric acid released from poly(ε-caprolactone) fibers as a treatment platform for spinal cord injury. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:14-23. [PMID: 33175472 PMCID: PMC7864535 DOI: 10.1002/term.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by a primary mechanical phase of injury, resulting in physical tissue damage, and a secondary pathological phase, characterized by biochemical processes contributing to inflammation, neuronal death, and axonal demyelination. Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity (GIE), in which excess glutamate is released into synapses and overstimulates glutamate receptors, is a major event in secondary SCI. GIE leads to mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, and cell death. There is no clinical treatment that targets GIE after SCI, and there is a need for therapeutic targets for secondary damage in patients. Uric acid (UA) acts as an antioxidant and scavenges free radicals, upregulates glutamate transporters on astrocytes, and preserves neuronal viability in in vitro and in vivo SCI models, making it a promising therapeutic candidate. However, development of a drug release platform that delivers UA locally to the injured region in a controlled manner is crucial, as high systemic UA concentrations can be detrimental. Here, we used the electrospinning technique to synthesize UA-containing poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fiber mats that are biodegradable, biocompatible, and have a tunable degradation rate. We optimized delivery of UA as a burst within 20 min from uncoated fibers and sustained release over 2 h with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate coating. We found that both of these fibers protected neurons and decreased ROS generation from GIE in organotypic spinal cord slice culture. Thus, fiber mats represent a promising therapeutic for UA release to treat patients who have suffered a SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha K. Singh
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Salman Khaliq
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mann Patel
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - N’Dea Wheeler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sudeepti Vedula
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph W. Freeman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bonnie L. Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Chouit Z, Djellal D, Haddad S, Hanfer M, Hachemi M, Lakroun Z, Chafaa S, Fetoui H, Kebieche M, Soulimani R. Potentiation of the apoptotic signaling pathway in both the striatum and hippocampus and neurobehavioral impairment in rats exposed chronically to a low-dose of cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3307-3317. [PMID: 32915453 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal. It accumulates in biological tissues, especially in fish which constitutes a first rank food for humans, particularly in the coastal areas. This study investigates the effect of long-term exposure to low Cd concentration (17 μg/kg/day) in rat striatum and hippocampus. In this study, the neurobehavioral ability changes were assessed by applying cognitive standard testing at the end of the rats' exposure period. In addition, the examination of mitochondrial swelling was performed at the same time of evaluation of its redox status in the brain regions studied through stress parameters (GSH, MDA, GST, and CAT). This study examined also whether this long-term exposure can modify the apoptotic signaling pathway via assessment of apoptotic markers (caspase-8 and 9, Bax, Bcl-2, and Cyt-c) in cell lysates. The results of this study showed changes in neurobehavioral abilities of animals and a stronger mitochondrial swelling associated with a significant decrease in antioxidant systems (GSH, GST, and CAT) and conversely an increase in the lipoperoxidation end product (MDA) in both the striatal and hippocampal mitochondria. In addition, the results revealed a significant increase in pro-apoptotic intracellular components such as caspase-9, Cyt-c, and Bax, and showed also an evident decrease in Bcl-2 levels. In conclusion, our results reported that chronic exposure to Cd produces behavioral and cognitive perturbations, enhances oxidative stress associated with mitochondrial edema and Cyt-c leakage, and, ultimately, potentiates apoptosis signaling pathway in both brain regions in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyneb Chouit
- Laboratory of cellular and molecular biology, University of Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia, Jijel, Algeria
| | - Dounia Djellal
- Faculty of natural and life sciences, LBMBPC, University of Batna 2, Route de Constantine, 05078, Fesdis, Batna, Algeria
| | - Souhila Haddad
- Faculty of natural and life sciences, University of Abderrahmane Mira, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Mourad Hanfer
- Faculty of natural and life sciences, LBMBPC, University of Batna 2, Route de Constantine, 05078, Fesdis, Batna, Algeria
| | - Messaoud Hachemi
- Faculty of natural and life sciences, LBMBPC, University of Batna 2, Route de Constantine, 05078, Fesdis, Batna, Algeria
| | - Zhoura Lakroun
- Laboratory of cellular and molecular biology, University of Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia, Jijel, Algeria
| | - Smail Chafaa
- Faculty of natural and life sciences, LBMBPC, University of Batna 2, Route de Constantine, 05078, Fesdis, Batna, Algeria
| | - Hamadi Fetoui
- Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health Unit (UR11ES70), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Kebieche
- Laboratory of cellular and molecular biology, University of Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia, Jijel, Algeria.
- Faculty of natural and life sciences, LBMBPC, University of Batna 2, Route de Constantine, 05078, Fesdis, Batna, Algeria.
| | - Rachid Soulimani
- LCOMS/Neurotoxicologie et Bioactivité, Campus Bridoux, Université de Lorraine, 57070, Metz, France
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145
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Goebel U, Scheid S, Spassov S, Schallner N, Wollborn J, Buerkle H, Ulbrich F. Argon reduces microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:192-198. [PMID: 32788476 PMCID: PMC7818862 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.290098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that argon exerts its neuroprotective effect in part by inhibition of the toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4. The downstream transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) are also affected by argon and may play a role in neuroprotection. It also has been demonstrated that argon treatment could mitigate brain damage, reduce excessive microglial activation, and subsequently attenuate brain inflammation. Despite intensive research, the further exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, human neuroblastoma cells were damaged in vitro with rotenone over a period of 4 hours (to mimic cerebral ischemia and reperfusion damage), followed by a 2-hour post-conditioning with argon (75%). In a separate in vivo experiment, retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in rats by increasing intraocular pressure for 1 hour. Upon reperfusion, argon was administered by inhalation for 2 hours. Argon reduced the binding of the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein 1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, which are involved in regulation of neuronal damage. Flow cytometry analysis showed that argon downregulated the Fas ligand. Some transcription factors were regulated by toll-like receptors; therefore, their effects could be eliminated, at least in part, by the TLR2 and TLR4 inhibitor oxidized phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (OxPAPC). Argon treatment reduced microglial activation after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Our results suggest that argon reduced the extent of inflammation in retinal neurons after ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppression of transcription factors crucial for microglial activation. Argon has no known side effects or narcotic properties; therefore, therapeutic use of this noble gas appears ideal for treatment of patients with neuronal damage in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. The animal experiments were approved by the Commission for Animal Care of the University of Freiburg (approval No. 35-9185.81/G14-122) on October 19, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Goebel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheid
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sashko Spassov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Schallner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Wollborn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Buerkle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Ulbrich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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146
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Meng H, Jin W, Yu L, Xu S, Wan H, He Y. Protective effects of polysaccharides on cerebral ischemia: A mini-review of the mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:463-472. [PMID: 33347928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia, a common cerebrovascular disease, is one of the great threats to human health. Nowadays, many drugs used in the treatment of cerebral ischemia such as clot busting drugs, antiplatelet drugs, and neuroprotective drugs have limits. It is urgent finding new effective treatments for the patients. Researches have confirmed that many kinds of polysaccharides from natural resources possess therapeutic effects on cerebral ischemia, but are still lack of a comprehensively understanding. In this paper, based on the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemic injury, we summarize the latest discoveries and advancements of 29 kinds of polysaccharides, focusing on their ameliorating effects on cerebral ischemia and the underlying mechanisms. Several mechanisms are involved, mainly including antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory activities, regulating neuron apoptosis, as well as resisting nitrosative stress injury. Besides, polysaccharides show protective effects through certain signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB, PARP-1/AIF, JNK3/c-Jun/Fas-L, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. The main goal of this mini-review is to emphasize the important roles of polysaccharides in attenuating cerebral ischemic injury through the elucidation of mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Li Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shouchao Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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147
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Zhang L, Li F, Hou C, Zhu S, Zhong L, Zhao J, Song C, Li W. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel stachydrine derivatives as potent neuroprotective agents for cerebral ischemic stroke. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:2529-2542. [PMID: 32372350 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stachydrine is a natural product with multiple protective biological activities, including those involved in preventing cancer, ischemia, and cardiovascular disease. However, its use has been limited by low bioavailability and unsatisfactory efficacy. To address this problem, a series of stachydrine derivatives (A1/A2/A3/A4/B1/B2/B3/B4) were designed and synthesized, and biological studies were carried out in vitro and in vivo. When compared with stachydrine, Compound B1 exhibited better neuroprotective effects in vitro, and significantly reduced infarction size in the model of the middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model. Therefore, Compound B1 was selected for further research on ischemic stroke. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Feng Li
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, 262700, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 HongKong Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenhui Hou
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Sifeng Zhu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lili Zhong
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jianchun Zhao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Cai Song
- Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Wenbao Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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148
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Tao T, Liu M, Chen M, Luo Y, Wang C, Xu T, Jiang Y, Guo Y, Zhang JH. Natural medicine in neuroprotection for ischemic stroke: Challenges and prospective. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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149
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Ye M, Wu H, Li S. Resveratrol alleviates oxygen/glucose deprivation/reoxygenation‑induced neuronal damage through induction of mitophagy. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:73. [PMID: 33236158 PMCID: PMC7716397 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol confers neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia; however, the involvement of mitophagy in the neuroprotective function of resveratrol remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether resveratrol exerts neuroprotective effects on primary cortical neurons subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) via modulating mitophagy. The data demonstrated that resveratrol at 1–10 µM during reoxygenation improved cell viability and suppressed apoptosis following OGD/R in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, resveratrol alleviated OGD/R-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and excessive oxidative stress. Confocal imaging of LC3 and TOM20 antibody-labeled mitochondria, as well as western blot analysis, demonstrated that mitophagy was further enhanced following resveratrol treatment. In addition, resveratrol was revealed to stimulate the phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1/Parkin pathway. Mitophagy inhibition then inhibited the protective effects of resveratrol. These results indicated that resveratrol exerts its protective effects against OGD/R damage, at least in part, by promoting mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei 443003, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443003, P.R. China
| | - Shuguo Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei 443003, P.R. China
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150
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Chelluboina B, Vemuganti R. Therapeutic potential of nutraceuticals to protect brain after stroke. Neurochem Int 2020; 142:104908. [PMID: 33220386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke leads to significant neuronal death and long-term neurological disability due to synergistic pathogenic mechanisms. Stroke induces a change in eating habits and in many cases, leads to undernutrition that aggravates the post-stroke pathology. Proper nutritional regimen remains a major strategy to control the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases including stroke. Studies indicate that nutraceuticals (isolated and concentrated form of high-potency natural bioactive substances present in dietary nutritional components) can act as prophylactic as well as adjuvant therapeutic agents to prevent stroke risk, to promote ischemic tolerance and to reduce post-stroke consequences. Nutraceuticals are also thought to regulate blood pressure, delay neurodegeneration and improve overall vascular health. Nutraceuticals potentially mediate these effects by their powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review discusses the studies that have highlighted the translational potential of nutraceuticals as stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Chelluboina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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