101
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Cauvi DM, Hawisher D, Derunes J, De Maio A. Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes Reprogram Macrophages toward an Inflammatory Phenotype. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:141. [PMID: 36837644 PMCID: PMC9968183 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are the major components of cellular membranes and cell-derived vesicles such as exosomes. They are also key components of artificial lipid nanoparticles, allowing the encapsulation and transport of various biological or chemical cargos. Both artificial and natural vesicles could be captured by cells delivering important information that could modulate cellular functions. However, the potential contribution of phospholipids within vesicles altering cellular physiology has been largely underestimated. Here, we showed that macrophages exposed to liposomes made exclusively with palmitoyl oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) in vivo resulted in a dramatic alteration of the transcriptome profile. Differential gene expression analysis indicated that the exposure to POPC liposomes resulted in a change in the expression of 1598 genes. Moreover, 146 genes were upregulated, and 69 genes were downregulated by incubation with POPC liposomes in contrast to palmitoyl oleoyl phosphatidylserine (POPS) exposure. Signaling pathway impact analysis revealed that 24 signaling pathways were significantly modulated after exposure to POPC liposomes, including the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Indeed, the expression of several cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) and chemokines (Cxcl1 and Cxcl2) were increased. These observations were validated by the exposure of macrophages to POPC liposomes in culture conditions. In addition, the proteomic analysis of peritoneal cells exposed to POPC liposomes performed by mass spectrometry revealed that the expression of 107 proteins was downregulated after POPC exposure, whereas the expression of 12 proteins was significantly upregulated by this treatment, including seven proteins involved in the neutrophil degranulation pathway. This observation was confirmed by flow cytometry analysis showing the rapid recruitment of neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity after POPC exposure. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the presence of phospholipids within artificial and natural vesicles could be responsible for changes in the function of target cells.
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102
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Shaharyar MA, Bhowmik R, Al-Abbasi FA, AlGhamdi SA, Alghamdi AM, Sarkar A, Kazmi I, Karmakar S. Vaccine Formulation Strategies and Challenges Involved in RNA Delivery for Modulating Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Race from Laboratory to Market. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020241. [PMID: 36851119 PMCID: PMC9963957 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that noncoding RNAs have significant physiological and pathological roles. Modulation of noncoding RNAs may offer therapeutic approaches as per recent findings. Small RNAs, mostly long noncoding RNAs, siRNA, and microRNAs make up noncoding RNAs. Inhibiting or promoting protein breakdown by binding to 3' untranslated regions of target mRNA, microRNAs post-transcriptionally control the pattern of gene expression. Contrarily, long non-coding RNAs perform a wider range of tasks, including serving as molecular scaffolding, decoys, and epigenetic regulators. This article provides instances of long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs that may be a biomarker of CVD (cardiovascular disease). In this paper we highlight various RNA-based vaccine formulation strategies designed to target these biomarkers-that are either currently in the research pipeline or are in the global pharmaceutical market-along with the physiological hurdles that need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Adil Shaharyar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Rudranil Bhowmik
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shareefa A. AlGhamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. Alghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (S.K.); Tel.: +966-543970731 (I.K.); +91-8017136385 (S.K.)
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (S.K.); Tel.: +966-543970731 (I.K.); +91-8017136385 (S.K.)
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103
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Sood A, Kumar A, Gupta VK, Kim CM, Han SS. Translational Nanomedicines Across Human Reproductive Organs Modeling on Microfluidic Chips: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:62-84. [PMID: 36541361 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Forecasting the consequence of nanoparticles (NPs) and therapeutically significant molecules before materializing for human clinical trials is a mainstay for drug delivery and screening processes. One of the noteworthy obstacles that has prevented the clinical translation of NP-based drug delivery systems and novel drugs is the lack of effective preclinical platforms. As a revolutionary technology, the organ-on-a-chip (OOC), a coalition of microfluidics and tissue engineering, has surfaced as an alternative to orthodox screening platforms. OOC technology recapitulates the structural and physiological features of human organs along with intercommunications between tissues on a chip. The current review discusses the concept of microfluidics and confers cutting-edge fabrication processes for chip designing. We also outlined the advantages of microfluidics in analyzing NPs in terms of characterization, transport, and degradation in biological systems. The review further elaborates the scope and research on translational nanomedicines in human reproductive organs (testis, placenta, uterus, and menstrual cycle) by taking the advantages offered by microfluidics and shedding light on their potential future implications. Finally, we accentuate the existing challenges for clinical translation and scale-up dynamics for microfluidics chips and emphasize its future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sood
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Anuj Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.,Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - Chul Min Kim
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52725, South Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.,Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
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104
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Lohchania B, Christopher AC, Arjunan P, Mahalingam G, Kathirvelu D, Prasannan A, Venkatesan V, Taneja P, KM MK, Thangavel S, Marepally S. Diosgenin enhances liposome-enabled nucleic acid delivery and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing by modulating endocytic pathways. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1031049. [PMID: 36698628 PMCID: PMC9868636 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1031049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system holds great promise in treating genetic diseases, owing to its safe and precise genome editing. However, the major challenges to implementing the technology in clinics lie in transiently limiting the expression of genome editing factors and achieving therapeutically relevant frequencies with fidelity. Recent findings revealed that non-viral vectors could be a potential alternative delivery system to overcome these limitations. In our previous research, we demonstrated that liposomal formulations with amide linker-based cationic lipids and cholesterol were found to be effective in delivering a variety of nucleic acids. In the current study, we screened steroidal sapogenins as an alternative co-lipid to cholesterol in cationic liposomal formulations and found that liposomes with diosgenin (AD, Amide lipid: Diosgenin) further improved nucleic acid delivery efficacy, in particular, delivering Cas9 pDNA and mRNA for efficient genome editing at multiple loci, including AAVS1 and HBB, when compared to amide cholesterol. Mechanistic insights into the endocytosis of lipoplexes revealed that diosgenin facilitated the lipoplexes' cholesterol-independent and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which in turn leads to increased intracellular delivery. Our study identifies diosgenin-doped liposomes as an efficient tool to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Lohchania
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India,Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Abisha Crystal Christopher
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India,Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, India
| | - Porkizhi Arjunan
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | | | - Durga Kathirvelu
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Aishwarya Prasannan
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Vigneshwaran Venkatesan
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | | | - Mohan Kumar KM
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Saravanabhavan Thangavel
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India,*Correspondence: Saravanabhavan Thangavel, ; Srujan Marepally,
| | - Srujan Marepally
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India,*Correspondence: Saravanabhavan Thangavel, ; Srujan Marepally,
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105
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Li Z, Carter J, Santos L, Webster C, van der Walle CF, Li P, Rogers SE, Lu JR. Acidification-Induced Structure Evolution of Lipid Nanoparticles Correlates with Their In Vitro Gene Transfections. ACS NANO 2023; 17:979-990. [PMID: 36608273 PMCID: PMC9878718 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for enhanced gene delivery remains challenging because of incomplete knowledge of their formulation-structure relationship that impacts their intracellular behavior and consequent function. Small-angle neutron scattering has been used in this work to investigate the structure of LNPs encapsulating plasmid DNA upon their acidification (from pH 7.4 to 4.0), as would be encountered during endocytosis. The results revealed the acidification-induced structure evolution (AISE) of the LNPs on different dimension scales, involving protonation of the ionizable lipid, volume expansion and redistribution of aqueous and lipid components. A similarity analysis using an LNP's structural feature space showed a strong positive correlation between function (measured by intracellular luciferase expression) and the extent of AISE, which was further enhanced by the fraction of unsaturated helper lipid. Our findings reveal molecular and nanoscale changes occurring during AISE that underpin the LNPs' formulation-nanostructure-function relationship, aiding the rational design of application-directed gene delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Li
- Biological
Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Schuster Building, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Jessica Carter
- Biological
Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Schuster Building, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Luis Santos
- Dosage
Form Design Development, Biopharmaceuticals Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland20878, United States
| | - Carl Webster
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, CambridgeCB21 6GH, U.K.
| | - Christopher F. van der Walle
- The
Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult, The Centre
for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive, EdinburghEH16 4UU, U.K.
| | - Peixun Li
- ISIS
Neutron Facility, STFC, Chilton, DidcotOX11 0QZ, U.K.
| | | | - Jian Ren Lu
- Biological
Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Schuster Building, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
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106
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Vavilis T, Stamoula E, Ainatzoglou A, Sachinidis A, Lamprinou M, Dardalas I, Vizirianakis IS. mRNA in the Context of Protein Replacement Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010166. [PMID: 36678793 PMCID: PMC9866414 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein replacement therapy is an umbrella term used for medical treatments that aim to substitute or replenish specific protein deficiencies that result either from the protein being absent or non-functional due to mutations in affected patients. Traditionally, such an approach requires a well characterized but arduous and expensive protein production procedure that employs in vitro expression and translation of the pharmaceutical protein in host cells, followed by extensive purification steps. In the wake of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, mRNA-based pharmaceuticals were recruited to achieve rapid in vivo production of antigens, proving that the in vivo translation of exogenously administered mRNA is nowadays a viable therapeutic option. In addition, the urgency of the situation and worldwide demand for mRNA-based medicine has led to an evolution in relevant technologies, such as in vitro transcription and nanolipid carriers. In this review, we present preclinical and clinical applications of mRNA as a tool for protein replacement therapy, alongside with information pertaining to the manufacture of modified mRNA through in vitro transcription, carriers employed for its intracellular delivery and critical quality attributes pertaining to the finished product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofanis Vavilis
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Dentistry, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
- Correspondence:
| | - Eleni Stamoula
- Centre of Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Ainatzoglou
- Centre of Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Sachinidis
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Malamatenia Lamprinou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Dardalas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis S. Vizirianakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Life & Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus
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107
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Shabani L, Abbasi M, Azarnew Z, Amani AM, Vaez A. Neuro-nanotechnology: diagnostic and therapeutic nano-based strategies in applied neuroscience. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:1. [PMID: 36593487 PMCID: PMC9809121 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-022-01062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial, de-novo manufactured materials (with controlled nano-sized characteristics) have been progressively used by neuroscientists during the last several decades. The introduction of novel implantable bioelectronics interfaces that are better suited to their biological targets is one example of an innovation that has emerged as a result of advanced nanostructures and implantable bioelectronics interfaces, which has increased the potential of prostheses and neural interfaces. The unique physical-chemical properties of nanoparticles have also facilitated the development of novel imaging instruments for advanced laboratory systems, as well as intelligently manufactured scaffolds and microelectrodes and other technologies designed to increase our understanding of neural tissue processes. The incorporation of nanotechnology into physiology and cell biology enables the tailoring of molecular interactions. This involves unique interactions with neurons and glial cells in neuroscience. Technology solutions intended to effectively interact with neuronal cells, improved molecular-based diagnostic techniques, biomaterials and hybridized compounds utilized for neural regeneration, neuroprotection, and targeted delivery of medicines as well as small chemicals across the blood-brain barrier are all purposes of the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Shabani
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Milad Abbasi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeynab Azarnew
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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108
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Cagigi A, Douradinha B. Have mRNA vaccines sentenced DNA vaccines to death? Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:1154-1167. [PMID: 37941101 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2282065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After receiving emergency approval during the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA vaccines have taken center stage in the quest to enhance future vaccination strategies for both infectious diseases and cancer. Indeed, they have significantly overshadowed another facet of genetic vaccination, specifically DNA vaccines. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge that both types of genetic vaccines have distinct advantages and disadvantages that set them apart from each other. AREAS COVERED In this work, we delve extensively into the history of genetic vaccines, their mechanisms of action, their strengths, and limitations, and ultimately highlight ongoing research in key areas for potential enhancement of both DNA and mRNA vaccines. EXPERT OPINION Here, we assess the significance of the primary benefits and drawbacks associated with DNA and mRNA vaccination. We challenge the current lines of thought by highlighting that the existing drawbacks of DNA vaccination could potentially be more straightforward to address compared to those linked with mRNA vaccination. In our view, this suggests that DNA vaccines should remain viable contenders in the pursuit of the future of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cagigi
- Nykode Therapeutics ASA, Oslo Science Park, Oslo, Norway
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109
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Sun D, Lu ZR. Structure and Function of Cationic and Ionizable Lipids for Nucleic Acid Delivery. Pharm Res 2023; 40:27-46. [PMID: 36600047 PMCID: PMC9812548 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary genetic diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases are affecting global health and become major health issues, but the treatment development remains challenging. Gene therapies using DNA plasmid, RNAi, miRNA, mRNA, and gene editing hold great promise. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery technology has been a revolutionary development, which has been granted for clinical applications, including mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Due to the success of LNP systems, understanding the structure, formulation, and function relationship of the lipid components in LNP systems is crucial for design more effective LNP. Here, we highlight the key considerations for developing an LNP system. The evolution of structure and function of lipids as well as their LNP formulation from the early-stage simple formulations to multi-components LNP and multifunctional ionizable lipids have been discussed. The flexibility and platform nature of LNP enable efficient intracellular delivery of a variety of therapeutic nucleic acids and provide many novel treatment options for the diseases that are previously untreatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wickenden 427, Mail Stop 7207, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wickenden 427, Mail Stop 7207, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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110
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Chen Y, Huang Y, Deng Y, Liu X, Ye J, Li Q, Luo Y, Lin Y, Liang R, Wei J, Zhang J, Li Y. Cancer Therapy Empowered by Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Targeted Delivery. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1353-1364. [PMID: 37779037 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a class of nanoparticles that mediate signaling molecules delivery between donor and recipient cells. Heterogeneity in the content of EVs and their membrane surface proteins determines their unique targetability. Their low immunogenicity, capability to cross various biological barriers, and superior biocompatibility enable engineering-modified EVs to be ideal drug delivery carriers. In addition, the engineered EVs that emerge in recent years have become a powerful tool for cancer treatment through the selective delivery of bioactive molecules to therapeutic targets, such as tumor cells and stroma. Our review focuses on the various types of EV modifications and their promoting therapeutic capabilities, which provide an innovative means for cancer precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Yujuan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Yayan Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Jiaxiang Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Qiuyun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Rong Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Jiazhang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
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111
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Nardo D, Pitts MG, Kaur R, Venditto VJ. In vivo assessment of triazine lipid nanoparticles as transfection agents for plasmid DNA. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6968-6979. [PMID: 36222485 PMCID: PMC9729407 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01289h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral vectors for in vivo delivery of plasmid DNA rely on optimized formulations to achieve robust transgene expression. Several cationic lipids have been developed to deliver nucleic acids, but most recent literature has focused on mRNA due to its increased expression profile and excluded plasmid DNA, which may have the advantage of being less immunogenic. In this study, we describe the in vivo evaluation of cationic triazine based lipids, previously prepared by our group. We identify one lipid with limited in vivo toxicity for studies to optimize the lipid formulations, which include an evaluation of the influence of PEG and helper lipids on transgene expression. We then demonstrate that lipoplexes, but not lipid nanoparticles, formed from triazine lipids achieve similar transgene expression levels as AAV vectors and offer enhanced expression as compared to a commercially available cationic lipid, DOTAP. Importantly, the lipid nanoparticles and lipoplexes induce minimal antibody profiles toward the expressed protein, while serving as a platform to induce robust antibody responses when directly delivering the protein. Collectively, these data demonstrate the potential for triazine based lipids as non-viral vectors for gene delivery, and highlights the need to optimize each formulation based on the exact contents to achieve enhanced transgene expression with plasmid DNA constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nardo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Michelle G Pitts
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Vincent J Venditto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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112
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Park Y, Moses AS, Demessie AA, Singh P, Lee H, Korzun T, Taratula OR, Alani AG, Taratula O. Poly(aspartic acid)-Based Polymeric Nanoparticle for Local and Systemic mRNA Delivery. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4696-4704. [PMID: 36409995 PMCID: PMC9826779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, therapeutics based on mRNA (mRNA) have attracted significant interest for vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, and gene editing. However, the lack of biocompatible vehicles capable of delivering mRNA to the target tissue and efficiently expressing the encoded proteins impedes the development of mRNA-based therapies for a variety of diseases. Herein, we report mRNA-loaded polymeric nanoparticles based on diethylenetriamine-substituted poly(aspartic acid) that induce protein expression in the lungs and muscles following intravenous and intramuscular injections, respectively. Animal studies revealed that the amount of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the nanoparticle surface affects the translation of the delivered mRNA into the encoded protein in the target tissue. After systemic administration, only mRNA-loaded nanoparticles modified with PEG at a molar ratio of 1:1 (PEG/polymer) induce protein expression in the lungs. In contrast, protein expression was detected only following intramuscular injection of mRNA-loaded nanoparticles with a PEG/polymer ratio of 10:1. These findings suggest that the PEG density on the surface of poly(aspartic acid)-based nanoparticles should be optimized for different delivery routes depending on the purpose of the mRNA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngrong Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Abraham S. Moses
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Ananiya A. Demessie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Prem Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Hyelim Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Tetiana Korzun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Olena R. Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Adam G. Alani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Oleh Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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113
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Lee D, Kwak G, Johnson TV, Suk JS. Formulation and Evaluation of Polymer-Based Nanoparticles for Intravitreal Gene-Delivery Applications. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e607. [PMID: 36469609 PMCID: PMC9731353 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of the first-ever retinal gene therapy product, involving subretinal administration of a virus-based gene delivery platform, has garnered hope that this state-of-the-art therapeutic modality may benefit a broad spectrum of patients with diverse retinal disorders. On the other hand, clinical studies have revealed limitations of the applied delivery strategy that may restrict its universal use. To this end, intravitreal administration of synthetic gene-delivery platforms, such as polymer-based nanoparticles (PNPs), has emerged as an attractive alternative to the current mainstay. To achieve success, however, it is imperative that synthetic platforms overcome key biological barriers in human eyes encountered following intravitreal administration, including the vitreous gel and inner limiting membrane (ILM). Here, we introduce a series of experiments, from the fabrication of PNPs to a comprehensive evaluation in relevant experimental models, to determine whether PNPs overcome these barriers and efficiently deliver therapeutic gene payloads to retinal cells. We conclude the article by discussing a few important considerations for successful implementation of the strategy. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation and characterization of PNPs Basic Protocol 2: Evaluation of in vitro transfection efficacy Basic Protocol 3: Evaluation of PNP diffusion in vitreous gel Basic Protocol 4: Ex vivo assessment of PNP penetration within vitreoretinal explant culture Basic Protocol 5: Assessment of in vivo transgene expression mediated by intravitreally administered PNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiheon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Gijung Kwak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Thomas V. Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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114
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Zhang M, Jiang H, Wu L, Lu H, Bera H, Zhao X, Guo X, Liu X, Cun D, Yang M. Airway epithelial cell-specific delivery of lipid nanoparticles loading siRNA for asthma treatment. J Control Release 2022; 352:422-437. [PMID: 36265740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
With specific and inherent mRNA cleaving activity, small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been deemed promising therapeutics to reduce the exacerbation rate of asthma by inhibiting the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines from airway epithelial cells (AECs). To exert the therapeutic effects of siRNA drugs, nano-formulations with high efficiency and safety are required to deliver these nucleic acids to the target cells. Herein, we exploited novel inhaled lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) targeting intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) receptors on the apical side of AECs. This delivery system is meant to enhance the specific delivery efficiency of siRNA in AECs to prevent the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in AECs and the concomitant symptoms in parallel. A cyclic peptide that resembles part of the capsid protein of rhinovirus and binds to ICAM-1 receptors was initially conjugated with cholesterol and subsequently assembled with ionizable cationic lipids to form the LNPs (Pep-LNPs) loaded with siRNA against thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP siRNA). The obtained Pep-LNPs were subjected to thorough characterization and evaluations in vitro and in vivo. Pep-LNPs significantly enhanced cellular uptake and gene silencing efficiency in human epithelial cells expressing ICAM-1 in vitro, exhibited AEC-specific delivery and improved the gene silencing effect in ovalbumin-challenged asthmatic mice after pulmonary administration. More importantly, Pep-LNPs remarkably downregulated the expression of TSLP in AECs, effectively alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration, and reduced the secretion of other proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-13, as well as mucus production in asthmatic mice. This study demonstrates that Pep-LNPs are safe and efficient to deliver siRNA drugs to asthmatic AECs and could potentially alleviate allergic asthma by inhibiting the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Huiyang Jiang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Haoyu Lu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Hriday Bera
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China; Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713212, India
| | - Xing Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Xiong Guo
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Xulu Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China.
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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115
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Sarangi MK, Padhi S, Rath G, Nanda SS, Yi DK. Success of nano-vaccines against COVID-19: a transformation in nanomedicine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1739-1761. [PMID: 36384360 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2148659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The vaccines being used against COVID-19 are composed of either non-viral or viral nanoparticles (NPs). Nanotechnology-based vaccine technology was studied for its potentially transformative advancement of medicine. AREAS COVERED NPs protect the encapsulated mRNA in vaccines, thereby enhancing the stability of the ribonucleic acids and facilitating their intact delivery to their specific targets. Compared to liposomes, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are unique and, through their rigid morphology and better cellular penetrability, render enhanced cargo stability. To explore nanotechnology-mediated vaccine delivery and its potential in future pandemics, we assessed articles from various databases, such as PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, including editorial/research notes, expert opinions, and collections of data from several clinical research trials. In the current review, we focus on the nanoparticulate approach of the different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and explore their success against the pandemic. EXPERT OPINION The mRNA-based vaccines, with their tremendous efficacy of ~95% (under phase III-IV clinical trials) and distinct nanocarriers (LNPs), represent a new medical front alongside DNA and siRNA-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Sarangi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sasmita Padhi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, India
| | - Gautam Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Dong Kee Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin, South Korea
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Patel P, Fetse J, Lin CY, Guo Y, Hasan MR, Nakhjiri M, Zhao Z, Jain A, Cheng K. Development of amino acid-modified biodegradable lipid nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. Acta Biomater 2022; 154:374-384. [PMID: 36191773 PMCID: PMC10695009 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of siRNA therapeutics to treat cancer is a very promising approach. However, specific delivery of siRNAs to tumors remains a major challenge. The recent success of siRNA delivery to the liver has incentivized the development of biomaterials for siRNA delivery into tumors. Here, we report a new class of amino acid-modified lipids for siRNA delivery to cancer cells. Eight lipids were developed by headgroup modification with histidine and lysine. The lipids were screened in PC3-luciferase stable cells for gene silencing and cellular cytotoxicity study. The best lipid LHHK shows a pKa of 6.08, which is within the optimal pKa range of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for siRNA delivery. The LHHK LNP protects siRNA from serum degradation for up to 24 h and shows higher endosomal release and better cellular uptake compared to other lysine-modified lipids in PC3 cells. The LHHK LNP exhibits significant silencing activity of IKKα and IKBKE in prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer, respectively. Moreover, the LHHK LNP encapsulating IKBKE siRNA inhibits cell proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells and suppresses the tumor progression in a pancreatic cancer mouse model. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) is a promising platform for siRNA delivery. However, LNP is generally associated with high systemic toxicity. As a result, efficient and biodegradable lipids are highly needed for siRNA-based cancer therapy. Herein, we develop amino acid-modified biodegradable lipids. These lipids show very low cellular toxicity and high transfection efficiency. The best lipid LHHK shows a pKa of 6.08, which is within the optimal pKa range of LNPs for siRNA delivery. The LHHK LNP efficiently silences IKKα and IKBKE in prostate and pancreatic cancer, respectively. Moreover, the LHHK LNP encapsulating IKBKE siRNA inhibits cell proliferation and suppresses tumor growth of pancreatic cancer in vivo. These results suggest that amino acid-modified lipids possess a great potential for siRNA delivery in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratikkumar Patel
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - John Fetse
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Yuhan Guo
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Md Reaid Hasan
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Maryam Nakhjiri
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Akshay Jain
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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117
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Nishiyama T, Zhang Y, Cui M, Li H, Sanchez-Ortiz E, McAnally JR, Tan W, Kim J, Chen K, Xu L, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Precise genomic editing of pathogenic mutations in RBM20 rescues dilated cardiomyopathy. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eade1633. [PMID: 36417486 PMCID: PMC10088465 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in RNA binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) are a common cause of familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Many RBM20 mutations cluster within an arginine/serine-rich (RS-rich) domain, which mediates nuclear localization. These mutations induce RBM20 mis-localization to form aberrant ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes and abnormal alternative splicing of cardiac genes, contributing to DCM. We used adenine base editing (ABE) and prime editing (PE) to correct pathogenic p.R634Q and p.R636S mutations in the RS-rich domain in human isogenic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes. Using ABE to correct RBM20R634Q human iPSCs, we achieved 92% efficiency of A-to-G editing, which normalized alternative splicing of cardiac genes, restored nuclear localization of RBM20, and eliminated RNP granule formation. In addition, we developed a PE strategy to correct the RBM20R636S mutation in iPSCs and observed A-to-C editing at 40% efficiency. To evaluate the potential of ABE for DCM treatment, we also created Rbm20R636Q mutant mice. Homozygous (R636Q/R636Q) mice developed severe cardiac dysfunction, heart failure, and premature death. Systemic delivery of ABE components containing ABEmax-VRQR-SpCas9 and single-guide RNA by adeno-associated virus serotype 9 in these mice restored cardiac function as assessed by echocardiography and extended life span. As seen by RNA sequencing analysis, ABE correction rescued the cardiac transcriptional profile of treated R636Q/R636Q mice, compared to the abnormal gene expression seen in untreated mice. These findings demonstrate the potential of precise correction of genetic mutations as a promising therapeutic approach for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Nishiyama
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Miao Cui
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Efrain Sanchez-Ortiz
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John R McAnally
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kenian Chen
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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118
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An K, Kurek D, Mahadeo M, Zhang Y, Thewalt JL, Cullis PR, Kulkarni JA. On the Influence of Nucleic Acid Backbone Modifications on Lipid Nanoparticle Morphology. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14036-14043. [PMID: 36367350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics represent a major advance toward treating diseases at their root cause. However, nucleic acids are prone to degradation by serum endonucleases, clearance through the immune system, and rapid degradation in complex medium. To overcome these barriers, nucleic acids frequently include chemical modifications to improve stability or decrease immune responses. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have enabled a dramatic reduction in the dose required to achieve a therapeutic effect by protecting these nucleic acids and improving their intracellular delivery. It has been assumed thus far that nonspecific ionic interactions drive LNP formation and chemical modifications to the nucleic acid backbone to confer improved stability do not impact LNP delivery in any way. Here, we demonstrate that these chemical modifications do impact LNP morphology substantially, and phosphorothioate modifications produce stronger interactions with ionizable amino lipids, resulting in enhanced entrapment. This work represents a major first step toward greater understanding of the interaction between the lipid components and nucleic acids within an LNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoVation Therapeutics, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Daniel Kurek
- NanoVation Therapeutics, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mark Mahadeo
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jenifer L Thewalt
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoVation Therapeutics, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoMedicines Innovation Network, VancouverV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jayesh A Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoVation Therapeutics, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoMedicines Innovation Network, VancouverV6T 1Z3, Canada
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119
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Tsai HC, Pietrobon V, Peng M, Wang S, Zhao L, Marincola FM, Cai Q. Current strategies employed in the manipulation of gene expression for clinical purposes. J Transl Med 2022; 20:535. [PMID: 36401279 PMCID: PMC9673226 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal gene expression level or expression of genes containing deleterious mutations are two of the main determinants which lead to genetic disease. To obtain a therapeutic effect and thus to cure genetic diseases, it is crucial to regulate the host's gene expression and restore it to physiological conditions. With this purpose, several molecular tools have been developed and are currently tested in clinical trials. Genome editing nucleases are a class of molecular tools routinely used in laboratories to rewire host's gene expression. Genome editing nucleases include different categories of enzymes: meganucleses (MNs), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)- CRISPR associated protein (Cas) and transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALENs). Transposable elements are also a category of molecular tools which includes different members, for example Sleeping Beauty (SB), PiggyBac (PB), Tol2 and TcBuster. Transposons have been used for genetic studies and can serve as gene delivery tools. Molecular tools to rewire host's gene expression also include episomes, which are divided into different categories depending on their molecular structure. Finally, RNA interference is commonly used to regulate gene expression through the administration of small interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and bi-functional shRNA molecules. In this review, we will describe the different molecular tools that can be used to regulate gene expression and discuss their potential for clinical applications. These molecular tools are delivered into the host's cells in the form of DNA, RNA or protein using vectors that can be grouped into physical or biochemical categories. In this review we will also illustrate the different types of payloads that can be used, and we will discuss recent developments in viral and non-viral vector technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maoyu Peng
- Kite Pharma Inc, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Suning Wang
- Kite Pharma Inc, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Kite Pharma Inc, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | | | - Qi Cai
- Kite Pharma Inc, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
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120
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Shah AM, Giacca M. Small non-coding RNA therapeutics for cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:4548-4561. [PMID: 36106499 PMCID: PMC9659475 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel bio-therapeutic agents that harness the properties of small, non-coding nucleic acids hold great promise for clinical applications. These include antisense oligonucleotides that inhibit messenger RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), or long non-coding RNAs; positive effectors of the miRNA pathway (short interfering RNAs and miRNA mimics); or small RNAs that target proteins (i.e. aptamers). These new therapies also offer exciting opportunities for cardiovascular diseases and promise to move the field towards more precise approaches based on disease mechanisms. There have been substantial advances in developing chemical modifications to improve the in vivo pharmacological properties of antisense oligonucleotides and reduce their immunogenicity. Carrier methods (e.g. RNA conjugates, polymers, and lipoplexes) that enhance cellular uptake of RNA therapeutics and stability against degradation by intracellular nucleases are also transforming the field. A number of small non-coding RNA therapies for cardiovascular indications are now approved. Moreover, there is a large pipeline of therapies in clinical development and an even larger list of putative therapies emerging from pre-clinical studies. Progress in this area is reviewed herein along with the hurdles that need to be overcome to allow a broader clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay M Shah
- King’s College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Mauro Giacca
- King’s College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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121
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Calero M, Moleiro LH, Sayd A, Dorca Y, Miquel-Rio L, Paz V, Robledo-Montaña J, Enciso E, Acción F, Herráez-Aguilar D, Hellweg T, Sánchez L, Bortolozzi A, Leza JC, García-Bueno B, Monroy F. Lipid nanoparticles for antisense oligonucleotide gene interference into brain border-associated macrophages. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:887678. [PMID: 36406277 PMCID: PMC9671215 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.887678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A colloidal synthesis’ proof-of-concept based on the Bligh–Dyer emulsion inversion method was designed for integrating into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) cell-permeating DNA antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), also known as GapmeRs (GRs), for mRNA interference. The GR@LNPs were formulated to target brain border-associated macrophages (BAMs) as a central nervous system (CNS) therapy platform for silencing neuroinflammation-related genes. We specifically aim at inhibiting the expression of the gene encoding for lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS), an anti-inflammatory enzyme expressed in BAMs, whose level of expression is altered in neuropsychopathologies such as depression and schizophrenia. The GR@LNPs are expected to demonstrate a bio-orthogonal genetic activity reacting with L-PGDS gene transcripts inside the living system without interfering with other genetic or biochemical circuitries. To facilitate selective BAM phagocytosis and avoid subsidiary absorption by other cells, they were functionalized with a mannosylated lipid as a specific MAN ligand for the mannose receptor presented by the macrophage surface. The GR@LNPs showed a high GR-packing density in a compact multilamellar configuration as structurally characterized by light scattering, zeta potential, and transmission electronic microscopy. As a preliminary biological evaluation of the mannosylated GR@LNP nanovectors into specifically targeted BAMs, we detected in vivo gene interference after brain delivery by intracerebroventricular injection (ICV) in Wistar rats subjected to gene therapy protocol. The results pave the way towards novel gene therapy platforms for advanced treatment of neuroinflammation-related pathologies with ASO@LNP nanovectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Calero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara H. Moleiro
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Physikalische und Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Aline Sayd
- Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) ISCIII. Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yeray Dorca
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Miquel-Rio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) ISCIII. Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) 08036 Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Paz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) ISCIII. Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) 08036 Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Robledo-Montaña
- Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) ISCIII. Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Enciso
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Acción
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Herráez-Aguilar
- Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Physikalische und Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Analía Bortolozzi
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) ISCIII. Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) 08036 Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan C. Leza
- Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) ISCIII. Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) ISCIII. Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Borja García-Bueno, ; Francisco Monroy,
| | - Francisco Monroy
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Borja García-Bueno, ; Francisco Monroy,
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Khare P, Conway JF, S Manickam D. Lipidoid nanoparticles increase ATP uptake into hypoxic brain endothelial cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 180:238-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sarli SL, Watts JK. Harnessing nucleic acid technologies for human health on earth and in space. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:113-126. [PMID: 36336357 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics are a versatile class of sequence-programmable drugs that offer a robust and clinically viable strategy to modulate expression or correct genetic defects contributing to disease. The majority of drugs currently on the market target proteins; however, proteins only represent a subset of possible disease targets. Nucleic acid therapeutics allow intuitive engagement with genome sequences providing a more direct way to target many diseases at their genetic root cause. Their clinical success depends on platform technologies which can support durable and well tolerated pharmacological activity in a given tissue. Nucleic acid drugs possess a potent combination of target specificity and adaptability required to advance drug development for many diseases. As these therapeutic technologies mature, their clinical applications can also expand access to personalized therapies for patients with rare or solo genetic diseases. Spaceflight crew members exposed to the unique hazards of spaceflight, especially those related to galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) exposure, represent another patient subset who may also benefit from nucleic acid drugs as countermeasures. In this review, we will discuss the various classes of RNA- and DNA-targeted nucleic acid drugs, provide an overview of their present-day clinical applications, and describe major strategies to improve their delivery, safety, and overall efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Sarli
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Watts
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Luozhong S, Yuan Z, Sarmiento T, Chen Y, Gu W, McCurdy C, Gao W, Li R, Wilkens S, Jiang S. Phosphatidylserine Lipid Nanoparticles Promote Systemic RNA Delivery to Secondary Lymphoid Organs. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8304-8311. [PMID: 36194390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) are an important target for mRNA delivery in various applications. While the current delivery method relies on the drainage of nanoparticles to lymph nodes by intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) injections, an efficient mRNA delivery carrier for SLOs-targeting delivery by systemic administration (IV) is highly desirable but yet to be available. In this study, we developed an efficient SLOs-targeting carrier using phosphatidylserine (PS), a well-known signaling molecule that promotes the endocytic activity of phagocytes and cellular entry of enveloped viruses. We adopted these biomimetic strategies and added PS into the standard four-component MC3-based LNP formulation (PS-LNP) to facilitate the cellular uptake of immune cells beyond the charge-driven targeting principle commonly used today. As a result, PS-LNP performed efficient protein expression in both lymph nodes and the spleen after IV administration. In vitro and in vivo characterizations on PS-LNP demonstrated a monocyte/macrophage-mediated SLOs-targeting delivery mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Luozhong
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhefan Yuan
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tara Sarmiento
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Caleb McCurdy
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wenting Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ruoxin Li
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Stephan Wilkens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Shaoyi Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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125
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Losurdo P, de Manzini N, Palmisano S, Grassi M, Parisi S, Rizzolio F, Tierno D, Biasin A, Grassi C, Truong NH, Grassi G. Potential Application of Small Interfering RNA in Gastro-Intestinal Tumors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1295. [PMID: 36297407 PMCID: PMC9612316 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress made in the diagnoses and therapy of gastrointestinal cancers, these diseases are still plagued by a high mortality. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently required. In this regard, small interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA molecules able to specifically target the mRNA of pathological genes, have the potential to be of therapeutic value. To be effective in the human body, siRNAs need to be protected against degradation. Additionally, they need to target the tumor, leaving the normal tissue untouched in an effort to preserve organ function. To accomplish these tasks, siRNAs have been formulated with smart delivery systems such has polymers and lipids. While siRNA protection is not particularly difficult to achieve, their targeting of tumor cells remains problematic. Here, after introducing the general features of gastrointestinal cancers, we describe siRNA characteristics together with representative delivery systems developed for gastrointestinal cancers. Afterward, we present a selection of research papers employing siRNAs against upper- and lower- gastrointestinal cancers. For the liver, we also consider papers using siRNAs to combat liver cirrhosis, a relevant risk factor for liver cancer development. Finally, we present a brief description of clinical trials employing siRNAs for gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Losurdo
- Surgical Clinic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicolò de Manzini
- Surgical Clinic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Palmisano
- Surgical Clinic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, Via Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Salvatore Parisi
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Pordenone, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Doctoral School in Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Pordenone, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Domenico Tierno
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alice Biasin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, Via Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Grassi
- Degree Course in Medicine, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nhung Hai Truong
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNUHCM—University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, VNUHCM—University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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126
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Mashima R, Takada S. Lipid Nanoparticles: A Novel Gene Delivery Technique for Clinical Application. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5013-5027. [PMID: 36286056 PMCID: PMC9600891 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are an emerging vehicle for gene delivery that accommodate both nucleic acid and protein. Based on the experience of therapeutic liposomes, current LNPs have been developed based on the chemistry of lipids and RNA and on the biology of human disease. LNPs have been used for the development of Onpattro, an siRNA drug for transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis, in 2018. The subsequent outbreak of COVID-19 required a vaccine for its suppression. LNP-based vaccine production received much attention for this and resulted in great success. In this review, the essential technology of LNP gene delivery has been described according to the chemistry for LNP production and biology for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Mashima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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127
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Trollmann MFW, Böckmann RA. mRNA lipid nanoparticle phase transition. Biophys J 2022; 121:3927-3939. [PMID: 36045573 PMCID: PMC9674992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Crucial for mRNA-based vaccines are the composition, structure, and properties of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as their delivery vehicle. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations as a computational microscope, we provide an atomistic view of the structure of the Comirnaty vaccine LNP, its molecular organization, physicochemical properties, and insight in its pH-driven phase transition enabling mRNA release at atomistic resolution. At physiological pH, our simulations suggest an oil-like LNP core that is composed of the aminolipid ALC-0315 and cholesterol (ratio 72:28). It is surrounded by a lipid monolayer formed by distearoylphosphatidylcholine, ALC-0315, PEGylated lipids, and cholesterol at a ratio of 22:9:6:63. Protonated aminolipids enveloping mRNA formed inverted micellar structures that provide a shielding and likely protection from environmental factors. In contrast, at low pH, the Comirnaty lipid composition instead spontaneously formed lipid bilayers that display a high degree of elasticity. These pH-dependent lipid phases suggest that a change in pH of the environment upon LNP transfer to the endosome likely acts as trigger for cargo release from the LNP core by turning aminolipids inside out, thereby destabilizing both the LNP shell and the endosomal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius F W Trollmann
- Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Erlangen National Center for High-Performance Computing (NHR@FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer A Böckmann
- Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Erlangen National Center for High-Performance Computing (NHR@FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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128
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Germain ND, Chung WK, Sarmiere PD. RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics for treatment of rare neurologic diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 91:101148. [PMID: 36257857 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genome sequencing have greatly facilitated the identification of genomic variants underlying rare neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the fundamental causes of rare monogenic disorders has made gene therapy a possible treatment approach for these conditions. RNA interference (RNAi) technologies such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA), and other oligonucleotide-based modalities such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are being developed as potential therapeutic approaches for manipulating expression of the genes that cause a variety of neurological diseases. Here, we offer a brief review of the mechanism of action of these RNAi approaches; provide deeper discussion of the advantages, challenges, and specific considerations related to the development of RNAi therapeutics for neurological disease; and highlight examples of rare neurological diseases for which RNAi therapeutics hold great promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle D Germain
- Ovid Therapeutics, Inc., 1460 Broadway, New York, NY, 10036, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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129
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Bogaert B, Sauvage F, Guagliardo R, Muntean C, Nguyen VP, Pottie E, Wels M, Minnaert AK, De Rycke R, Yang Q, Peer D, Sanders N, Remaut K, Paulus YM, Stove C, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. A lipid nanoparticle platform for mRNA delivery through repurposing of cationic amphiphilic drugs. J Control Release 2022; 350:256-270. [PMID: 35963467 PMCID: PMC9401634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the recent clinical approval of siRNA-based drugs and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, the potential of RNA therapeutics for patient healthcare has become widely accepted. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are currently the most advanced nanocarriers for RNA packaging and delivery. Nevertheless, the intracellular delivery efficiency of state-of-the-art LNPs remains relatively low and safety and immunogenicity concerns with synthetic lipid components persist, altogether rationalizing the exploration of alternative LNP compositions. In addition, there is an interest in exploiting LNP technology for simultaneous encapsulation of small molecule drugs and RNA in a single nanocarrier. Here, we describe how well-known tricyclic cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) can be repurposed as both structural and functional components of lipid-based NPs for mRNA formulation, further referred to as CADosomes. We demonstrate that selected CADs, such as tricyclic antidepressants and antihistamines, self-assemble with the widely-used helper lipid DOPE to form cationic lipid vesicles for subsequent mRNA complexation and delivery, without the need for prior lipophilic derivatization. Selected CADosomes enabled efficient mRNA delivery in various in vitro cell models, including easy-to-transfect cancer cells (e.g. human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell line) as well as hard-to-transfect primary cells (e.g. primary bovine corneal epithelial cells), outperforming commercially available cationic liposomes and state-of-the-art LNPs. In addition, using the antidepressant nortriptyline as a model compound, we show that CADs can maintain their pharmacological activity upon CADosome incorporation. Furthermore, in vivo proof-of-concept was obtained, demonstrating CADosome-mediated mRNA delivery in the corneal epithelial cells of rabbit eyes, which could pave the way for future applications in ophthalmology. Based on our results, the co-formulation of CADs, helper lipids and mRNA into lipid-based nanocarriers is proposed as a versatile and straightforward approach for the rational development of drug combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Bogaert
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Félix Sauvage
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Roberta Guagliardo
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Cristina Muntean
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Van Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Eline Pottie
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Mike Wels
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - An-Katrien Minnaert
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Ghent University Expertise Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy and VIB BioImaging Core, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Qiangbing Yang
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht and Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Niek Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yannis M Paulus
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Christophe Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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130
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Skelton R, Roach A, Prudhomme LE, Cen Feng JYC, Gaikwad P, Williams RM. Formulation of Lipid-Free Polymeric Mesoscale Nanoparticles Encapsulating mRNA. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2699-2707. [PMID: 36163410 PMCID: PMC9513001 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy has found substantial clinical impact, primarily focused on lipid-based nanoparticles. In comparison with lipid nanoparticles, polymeric particles may have certain advantages such as increased biocompatibility and controlled release. Our prior studies have found that polymeric mesoscale nanoparticles exhibited specific targeting to the renal proximal tubules. Thus, in this study, we sought to identify formulation parameters that allow for development of polymeric mesoscale nanoparticles encapsulating functional mRNA for delivery into tubular epithelial cells. Methods We evaluated particle uptake in vitro prior to exploring formulation parameters related to introduction of a primary mixture of polymer in acetonitrile and hydrophilic mRNA in water. Finally, we evaluated their functionality in a renal tubular epithelial cell line. Results We found that MNPs are endocytosed within 15 min and that the mesoscale nanoparticle formulation procedure was generally robust to introduction of a primary mixture and encapsulation of mRNA. These particles exhibited substantial uptake in renal cells in vitro and rapid (< 1 h) expression of a model mCherry fluorescent protein. Conclusion We anticipate these findings having potential in the delivery of specific gene therapies for renal disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Skelton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Arantxa Roach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Lauren E Prudhomme
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | | | - Pooja Gaikwad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ryan M Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
- PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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131
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Osouli-Bostanabad K, Puliga S, Serrano DR, Bucchi A, Halbert G, Lalatsa A. Microfluidic Manufacture of Lipid-Based Nanomedicines. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091940. [PMID: 36145688 PMCID: PMC9506151 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticulate technologies have revolutionized drug delivery allowing for passive and active targeting, altered biodistribution, controlled drug release (temporospatial or triggered), enhanced stability, improved solubilization capacity, and a reduction in dose and adverse effects. However, their manufacture remains immature, and challenges exist on an industrial scale due to high batch-to-batch variability hindering their clinical translation. Lipid-based nanomedicines remain the most widely approved nanomedicines, and their current manufacturing methods remain discontinuous and face several problems such as high batch-to-batch variability affecting the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the product, laborious multistep processes, need for an expert workforce, and not being easily amenable to industrial scale-up involving typically a complex process control. Several techniques have emerged in recent years for nanomedicine manufacture, but a paradigm shift occurred when microfluidic strategies able to mix fluids in channels with dimensions of tens of micrometers and small volumes of liquid reagents in a highly controlled manner to form nanoparticles with tunable and reproducible structure were employed. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in the manufacturing of lipid-based nanomedicines using microfluidics with particular emphasis on the parameters that govern the control of CQAs of final nanomedicines. The impact of microfluidic environments on formation dynamics of nanomaterials, and the application of microdevices as platforms for nanomaterial screening are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Osouli-Bostanabad
- Biomaterials, Bio-Engineering and Nanomedicine (BioN) Lab, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Robertson Wing, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Sara Puliga
- Biomaterials, Bio-Engineering and Nanomedicine (BioN) Lab, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Dolores R. Serrano
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.S.); (A.L.); Tel.: +44-141-548-2675 (A.L.)
| | - Andrea Bucchi
- School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK
| | - Gavin Halbert
- CRUK Formulation Unit, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Robertson Wing, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- Biomaterials, Bio-Engineering and Nanomedicine (BioN) Lab, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Robertson Wing, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- CRUK Formulation Unit, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Robertson Wing, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Correspondence: (D.R.S.); (A.L.); Tel.: +44-141-548-2675 (A.L.)
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Salvador J, Berthelot J, Bony C, Robin B, Him JLK, Noël D, Belamie E, Morille M. Size-tunable lipid vectors for controlled local delivery of siRNA from gene activated matrix. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:97-107. [PMID: 36113724 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to restore or replace different types of biological tissues through the association of cells, biologic factors and biomaterials. Currently, stem cells arise as a major cell source for many therapeutic indications, and their association with 3D scaffolds allow increasing regenerative medicine efficiency. In this context, the use of RNA interference to enhance or control stem cell differentiation into the desired phenotype appears as a promising strategy. However, achieving high transfection efficiency of cells in a 3D structure requires the use of a vector allowing for the spatiotemporally controlled release of the genetic material from these scaffolds. In this study, we report a new siRNA nanovector, called solvent exchange lipoplexe formulation (SELF), which has a tunable size, is stable over time in cell culture conditions and possess a high efficiency to transfect primary human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC). We associated SELFs with porous 3D collagen microspheres and demonstrated that the loading capacity and release kinetics were different depending on the size of the associated SELF. Interestingly, these different release profiles resulted in differences in the transfection kinetics of hMSCs. This original and unique type of gene activated matrix, with adaptable release kinetics, could be of interest for long-term and/or sequential transfection profiles of stem cells in 3D culture. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work combines the use of human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) and gene therapy for tissue engineering. Here, a gene-activated matrix was elaborated with collagen microspheres supporting hMSCs and acting as a reservoir for transfection vectors. This injectable GAM allows for the local and sustained delivery of nucleic acids, hence long-lasting transfection of the supported cells. With the original synthesis protocol presented herein, the size of the nanocarriers can be easily adapted, resulting in different siRNA release profiles from the microspheres. Most interestingly, different siRNA release profiles gave rise to different cell transfection profiles as assessed by the downregulation of a target gene. This highlights the versatility of the system and its suitability for various pathophysiological needs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Salvador
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France; EPHE, PSL Research University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jade Berthelot
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; EPHE, PSL Research University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Claire Bony
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Baptiste Robin
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Josephine Lai Kee Him
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Danièle Noël
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Emmanuel Belamie
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; EPHE, PSL Research University, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Marie Morille
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
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133
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Gao M, Yang C, Wu C, Chen Y, Zhuang H, Wang J, Cao Z. Hydrogel-metal-organic-framework hybrids mediated efficient oral delivery of siRNA for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:404. [PMID: 36064365 PMCID: PMC9446571 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which could induce bloody stool, diarrhea, colon atrophy and eventually lead to colorectal cancer. The conventional daily oral administration of drugs only relieve the inflammatory response of colon in the short term, Biological agents such as antibody drugs has proven its efficiency in inhibiting colitis, while the low drug bioavailability means that large doses of antibodies are required, ultimately causing systemic toxicity. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has significant advantages over antibody drugs in terms of safety and efficacy, and it have been widely applied as potential candidates for a variety of inflammation-related diseases. However, oral delivery of siRNA fails to overcome the degradation of the gastrointestinal environment to produce a significant therapeutic effect in ulcerative colitis. Herein, we design the hybrid delivery system that the siRNA loaded MOF encapsulated in the sodium alginate particles to overcome the barriers in the oral process. RESULTS The hybrid delivery system (SA@MOF-siRNATNFα) was successfully constructed, and it could not only survive the low pH environment in the stomach and small intestine, but also taken up more by inflammatory macrophages, as well as released much more MOF-siRNATNFα. Moreover, SA@MOF-siRNATNFα tended to enriched and infiltrated into local colon tissues. As a result, SA@MOF-siRNATNFα significantly reduced the progression of colitis, of which the treated mice did not experience significant weight loss, bloody stools and diarrhea. CONCLUSION We confirmed that the formulation of hydrogel-metal-organic framework hybrids could improve the protection of incorporated payload in the gastric and early small intestine, enhancing the delivery of MOF-siRNA to colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chenghu Wu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Hongqin Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jilong Wang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhiting Cao
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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134
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Gu Y, Duan J, Yang N, Yang Y, Zhao X. mRNA vaccines in the prevention and treatment of diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e167. [PMID: 36033422 PMCID: PMC9409637 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines made their successful public debut in the effort against the COVID-19 outbreak starting in late 2019, although the history of mRNA vaccines can be traced back decades. This review provides an overview to discuss the historical course and present situation of mRNA vaccine development in addition to some basic concepts that underly mRNA vaccines. We discuss the general preparation and manufacturing of mRNA vaccines and also discuss the scientific advances in the in vivo delivery system and evaluate popular approaches (i.e., lipid nanoparticle and protamine) in detail. Next, we highlight the clinical value of mRNA vaccines as potent candidates for therapeutic treatment and discuss clinical progress in the treatment of cancer and coronavirus disease 2019. Data suggest that mRNA vaccines, with several prominent advantages, have achieved encouraging results and increasing attention due to tremendous potential in disease management. Finally, we suggest some potential directions worthy of further investigation and optimization. In addition to basic research, studies that help to facilitate storage and transportation will be indispensable for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhuo Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University; Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Jiangyao Duan
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Na Yang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center/School of Basic Medical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center/School of Basic Medical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University; Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center/School of Basic Medical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
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135
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Rissanou AN, Karatasos K. Effects of the structure of lipid-based agents in their complexation with a single stranded mRNA fragment: a computational study. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6229-6245. [PMID: 35904818 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00403h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work we employed fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, aiming towards a better understanding of the mechanisms associated with the formation and the stability of lipid-based RNA nanoassemblies, in an aqueous environment. We examined two groups of lipid-based complexation agents, differing in the degree of hydrophobicity and in the overall charge. The first group was comprised of cationic ionizable agents while the second included electrically neutral amphoteric phosphatidylcholine lipids. It was found that the overall charge of the complexation agents played the most decisive role in the energetics of the lipid/RNA association, while their degree of hydrophobicity affected their self-assembly and their complexation kinetics. The latter also affected the structural stability of the formed complexes since the water entrapped within the clusters of the less hydrophobic agents appeared to reduce the coherence of the lipid-RNA nanoassemblies. The combined effects of the aforementioned attributes dictated also the RNA conformation after complexation. The results from the present study provide thus new insight towards controlling the morphology, the energetic stability and the structural integrity of the formed complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia N Rissanou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Thessaloniki, P.O. BOX 420, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-71409, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Kostas Karatasos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Thessaloniki, P.O. BOX 420, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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136
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Higuchi A, Sung TC, Wang T, Ling QD, Kumar SS, Hsu ST, Umezawa A. Material Design for Next-Generation mRNA Vaccines Using Lipid Nanoparticles. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akon Higuchi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taiwan
- Department of Reproduction, National Center for Child Health and Development, Okura, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tzu-Cheng Sung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing-Dong Ling
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S. Suresh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Shih-Tien Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, Pingjen City, Taiwan Taoyuan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproduction, National Center for Child Health and Development, Okura, Tokyo, Japan
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137
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Yu X, Xiao H, Muqier M, Han S, Baigude H. Effect of the array of amines on the transfection efficiency of cationic peptidomimetic lipid molecules into neural cells. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21567-21573. [PMID: 35975061 PMCID: PMC9346625 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03347j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The amino groups in the head group of a cationic lipid play a determinative role regarding the nucleic acid delivery efficiency of the LNP formulated from lipids. Herein, we designed four types of lipid bearing different amine-containing branched head groups to investigate the influence of type and number of amines on the neural cell targeted nuclei acid delivery. Conjugation of an ethylamino group at selected positions of a lysine-based cationic lipid resulted in 4 distinct lipids with 3 (denoted N3 lipid), 4 (denoted N4 lipid), 5 (denoted N5 lipid) and 6 (denoted N6 lipid) amino groups, respectively. Comparative analysis by flow cytometry revealed that the N3 lipid had the highest nucleic acid (plasmid and siRNA) transfection efficiency to neural cell lines (BV2 cells and N2a cells). Furthermore, the N3 lipid mediated delivery of siRNA against Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) into oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated BV2 cells resulted in remarkable silencing of TLR4, inducing alternative polarization (M2) of the cells. Collectively, our data suggest that the N3 lipid is a promising siRNA delivery agent in neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010020 P.R. China +86 471 4992511 +86 471 4992511
| | - Hai Xiao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010020 P.R. China +86 471 4992511 +86 471 4992511
| | - Muqier Muqier
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010020 P.R. China +86 471 4992511 +86 471 4992511
| | - Shuqin Han
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010020 P.R. China +86 471 4992511 +86 471 4992511
| | - Huricha Baigude
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010020 P.R. China +86 471 4992511 +86 471 4992511
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138
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Spadea A, Jackman M, Cui L, Pereira S, Lawrence MJ, Campbell RA, Ashford M. Nucleic Acid-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticle Interactions with Model Endosomal Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30371-30384. [PMID: 35758331 PMCID: PMC9264317 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are important delivery systems for RNA-based therapeutics, yet the mechanism of their interaction with endosomal membranes remains unclear. Here, the interactions of nucleic acid-loaded LNPs that contain an ionizable lipid with models of the early and late endosomal membranes are studied, for the first time, using different reflectometry techniques. Novel insight is provided with respect to the subphase pH, the stage of the endosome, and the nature of the nucleic acid cargo. It is found that the insertion of lipids from the LNPs into the model membrane is greatest at pH 6.5 and 5.5, whereas at higher pH, lipid insertion is suppressed with evidence instead for the binding of intact LNPs, demonstrating the importance of the pH in the fusion of LNPs undergoing the endosomal pathway. Furthermore, and independently of the pH, the effect of the early- versus late-stage endosomal models is minimal, suggesting that the increased fluidity and anionic nature of the late endosome has little effect on the extent of LNP interaction. Last, there is greater nucleic acid delivery from LNPs containing mRNA than Poly(A), indicating that the extent of interaction can be tuned according to the nature of the nucleic acid cargo. Such new information on the relative impact of factors influencing nucleic acid delivery by LNP interactions with endosomal membranes is important in the design and tuning of vehicles with improved nucleic acid delivery capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Spadea
- NorthWest
Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
- Division
of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
| | - Mark Jackman
- Advanced
Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K.
| | - Lili Cui
- Advanced
Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K.
| | - Sara Pereira
- Advanced
Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K.
| | - M. Jayne Lawrence
- NorthWest
Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
- Division
of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
| | - Richard A. Campbell
- Division
of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
| | - Marianne Ashford
- Advanced
Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K.
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139
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Delnoy B, Haskovic M, Vanoevelen J, Steinbusch LKM, Vos EN, Knoops K, Zimmermann LJI, Noga M, Lefeber DJ, Martini PGV, Coelho AI, Rubio‐Gozalbo ME. Novel mRNA therapy restores GALT protein and enzyme activity in a zebrafish model of classic galactosemia. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:748-758. [PMID: 35527402 PMCID: PMC9541528 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for inborn errors of metabolism. Classic galactosemia (CG) is an inborn error of galactose metabolism caused by a severe deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate:uridylyltransferase (GALT) activity leading to neonatal illness and chronic impairments affecting the brain and female gonads. In this proof of concept study, we used our zebrafish model for CG to evaluate the potential of human GALT mRNA (hGALT mRNA) packaged in two different lipid nanoparticles to restore GALT expression and activity at early stages of development. Both one cell-stage and intravenous single-dose injections resulted in hGALT protein expression and enzyme activity in the CG zebrafish (galt knockout) at 5 days post fertilization (dpf). Moreover, the levels of galactose-1-phosphate (Gal-1-P) and galactonate, metabolites that accumulate because of the deficiency, showed a decreasing trend. LNP-packaged mRNA was effectively translated and processed in the CG zebrafish without signs of toxicity. This study shows that mRNA therapy restores GALT protein and enzyme activity in the CG zebrafish model, and that the zebrafish is a suitable system to test this approach. Further studies are warranted to assess whether repeated injections safely mitigate the chronic impairments of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Delnoy
- Department of PediatricsMaastricht University Medical Center+Maastrichtthe Netherlands
- GROW, Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Minela Haskovic
- Department of PediatricsMaastricht University Medical Center+Maastrichtthe Netherlands
- GROW, Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Jo Vanoevelen
- GROW, Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsMaastricht University Medical Center+Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Laura K. M. Steinbusch
- Department of Clinical GeneticsMaastricht University Medical Center+Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Esther Naomi Vos
- Department of PediatricsMaastricht University Medical Center+Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Kèvin Knoops
- Microscopy CORE LaboratoryMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Luc J. I. Zimmermann
- Department of PediatricsMaastricht University Medical Center+Maastrichtthe Netherlands
- GROW, Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Marek Noga
- Translational Metabolic LaboratoryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- Translational Metabolic LaboratoryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Ana I. Coelho
- Department of PediatricsMaastricht University Medical Center+Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Maria Estela Rubio‐Gozalbo
- Department of PediatricsMaastricht University Medical Center+Maastrichtthe Netherlands
- GROW, Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsMaastricht University Medical Center+Maastrichtthe Netherlands
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140
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Hald Albertsen C, Kulkarni JA, Witzigmann D, Lind M, Petersson K, Simonsen JB. The role of lipid components in lipid nanoparticles for vaccines and gene therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114416. [PMID: 35787388 PMCID: PMC9250827 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) play an important role in mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. In addition, many preclinical and clinical studies, including the siRNA-LNP product, Onpattro®, highlight that LNPs unlock the potential of nucleic acid-based therapies and vaccines. To understand what is key to the success of LNPs, we need to understand the role of the building blocks that constitute them. In this Review, we discuss what each lipid component adds to the LNP delivery platform in terms of size, structure, stability, apparent pKa, nucleic acid encapsulation efficiency, cellular uptake, and endosomal escape. To explore this, we present findings from the liposome field as well as from landmark and recent articles in the LNP literature. We also discuss challenges and strategies related to in vitro/in vivo studies of LNPs based on fluorescence readouts, immunogenicity/reactogenicity, and LNP delivery beyond the liver. How these fundamental challenges are pursued, including what lipid components are added and combined, will likely determine the scope of LNP-based gene therapies and vaccines for treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Hald Albertsen
- Explorative Formulation & Technologies, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Jayesh A Kulkarni
- NanoVation Therapeutics Inc., 2405 Wesbrook Mall, 4th Floor, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- NanoVation Therapeutics Inc., 2405 Wesbrook Mall, 4th Floor, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Marianne Lind
- Explorative Formulation & Technologies, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Karsten Petersson
- Explorative Formulation & Technologies, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Jens B Simonsen
- Explorative Formulation & Technologies, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark.
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141
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Boros BD, Schoch KM, Kreple CJ, Miller TM. Antisense Oligonucleotides for the Study and Treatment of ALS. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1145-1158. [PMID: 35653060 PMCID: PMC9587169 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron loss. ALS is now associated with mutations in numerous genes, many of which cause disease in part through toxic gain-of-function mechanisms. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are small sequences of DNA that can reduce expression of a target gene at the post-transcriptional level, making them attractive for neutralizing mutant or toxic gene products. Advancements in the medicinal chemistries of ASOs have improved their pharmacodynamic profile to allow safe and effective delivery to the central nervous system. ASO therapies for ALS have rapidly developed over the last two decades, and ASOs that target SOD1, C9orf72, FUS, and ATXN2 are now in clinical trials for familial or sporadic forms of ALS. This review discusses the current state of ASO therapies for ALS, outlining their successes from preclinical development to early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Boros
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 115 Biotechnology Bldg, 660 S. Euclid Ave, MO, 63110, St. Louis, USA
| | - Kathleen M Schoch
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 115 Biotechnology Bldg, 660 S. Euclid Ave, MO, 63110, St. Louis, USA
| | - Collin J Kreple
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 115 Biotechnology Bldg, 660 S. Euclid Ave, MO, 63110, St. Louis, USA
| | - Timothy M Miller
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 115 Biotechnology Bldg, 660 S. Euclid Ave, MO, 63110, St. Louis, USA.
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142
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Valentic A, Müller J, Hubbuch J. Effects of Different Lengths of a Nucleic Acid Binding Region and Bound Nucleic Acids on the Phase Behavior and Purification Process of HBcAg Virus-Like Particles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:929243. [PMID: 35845397 PMCID: PMC9283707 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.929243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are macromolecular structures with great potential as vehicles for the targeted administration of functional molecules. Loaded with nucleic acids, VLPs are a promising approach for nanocarriers needed for gene therapy. There is broad knowledge of the manufacturing of the truncated wild-type lacking a nucleic acid binding region, which is mainly being investigated for vaccine applications. Whereas for their potential application as a nanocarrier for gene therapy, hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) VLPs with a nucleic acid binding region for efficient cargo-loading are being investigated. VLP structure, loading, and phase behavior are of central importance to their therapeutic efficacy and thereby considerably affecting the production process. Therefore, HBcAg VLPs with different lengths of the nucleic acid binding region were produced in E. coli. VLP attributes such as size, zeta potential, and loading with host cell-derived nucleic acids were evaluated. Capsid’s size and zeta potential of the VLP constructs did not differ remarkably, whereas the analysis of the loading with host cell-derived nucleic acids revealed strong differences in the binding of host cell-derived nucleic acids dependent on the length of the binding region of the constructs, with a non-linear correlation but a two-zone behavior. Moreover, the phase behavior and purification process of the HBcAg VLPs as a function of the liquid phase conditions and the presence of host cell-derived nucleic acids were investigated. Selective VLP precipitation using ammonium sulfate was scarcely affected by the encapsulated nucleic acids. However, the disassembly reaction, which is crucial for structure homogeneity, separation of encapsulated impurities, and effective loading of the VLPs with therapeutic nucleic acids, was affected both by the studied liquid phase conditions, varying pH and concentration of reducing agents, and the different VLP constructs and amount of bound nucleic acids, respectively. Thereby, capsid-stabilizing effects of the bound nucleic acids and capsid-destabilizing effects of the nucleic acid binding region were observed, following the two-zone behavior of the construct’s loading, and a resulting correlation between the capsid stability and disassembly yields could be derived.
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143
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Ramezanpour M, Tieleman DP. Computational Insights into the Role of Cholesterol in Inverted Hexagonal Phase Stabilization and Endosomal Drug Release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7462-7471. [PMID: 35675506 PMCID: PMC9220946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a major component of many lipid-based drug delivery systems, including cationic lipid nanoparticles. Despite its critical role in the drug release stage, the underlying molecular mechanism by which cholesterol assists in endosomal escape remains unclear. An efficient drug release from the endosome requires endosomal disruption. This disruption is believed to involve a lamellar-to-inverted hexagonal (Lα-HII) phase transition upon fusion of the lipid nanoparticle with the endosomal membrane. We used molecular dynamics simulations to study the structural properties of HII systems composed of an anionic lipid distearoyl phosphatidylserine (DSPS), an ionizable cationic lipid (KC2H), and cholesterol for several hydration levels and molar ratios. This system corresponds to the lipid mixtures in the hypothesized HII structure formed upon fusion and is of interest for the rational design of ionizable cationic lipids, including KC2, for an optimal drug release. Simulations suggest a geometry- and symmetry-driven lipid sorting and cholesterol-DSPS co-location around the water cores. Cholesterol preferentially co-locates with negatively charged saturated DSPS lipids at interstitial angles. The observed cholesterol-DSPS co-location results in an overall increase in the DSPS acyl chains' order parameters, which we propose to assist in stabilizing the HII phase by stretching the DSPS acyl chains for filling the voids formed by three adjacent lipid tubules. Furthermore, a systematic increase in the cholesterol concentration increased the lattice plane spacing and the water core radius but decreased the undulations along the lipid tubule axis. We propose that cholesterol and the degree of saturation/polyunsaturation of the lipid acyl chains, and not the lipid charge, are the main contributors in facilitating the Lα-HII phase transition and stabilizing/destabilizing the formed HII phase, whereas the positive charge of the ionizable cationic lipid promotes the LNP-endosomal membrane adhesion and assists in initiating the fusion process at the local contact area. We also propose that the effect of cholesterol on the HII structure and curvature is the main underlying reason for the well-documented HII stabilization and destabilization at low and high molar concentrations of cholesterol, respectively.
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144
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Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of LipoParticles as mRNA Carrier Prepared by Automated Microfluidic System and Bulk Method. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061297. [PMID: 35745869 PMCID: PMC9229904 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric and/or lipid platforms are promising tools for nucleic acid delivery into cells. We previously reported a lipid–polymer nanocarrier, named LipoParticles, consisting of polylactic acid nanoparticles surrounded by cationic lipids, and allowing the addition of mRNA and cationic LAH4-1 peptide at their surface. Although this mRNA platform has shown promising results in vitro in terms of mRNA delivery and translation, the bulk method used to prepare LipoParticles relies on a multistep and time-consuming procedure. Here, we developed an automated process using a microfluidic system to prepare LipoParticles, and we compared it to the bulk method in terms of morphology, physicochemical properties, and ability to vectorize and deliver mRNA in vitro. LipoParticles prepared by microfluidic presented a smaller size and more regular spherical shape than bulk method ones. In addition, we showed that the total lipid content in LipoParticles was dependent on the method of preparation, influencing their ability to complex mRNA. LipoParticles decorated with two mRNA/LAHA-L1 ratios (1/20, 1/5) could efficiently transfect mouse DC2.4 cells except for the automated 1/5 assay. Moreover, the 1/5 mRNA/LAHA-L1 ratio drastically reduced cell toxicity observed in 1/20 ratio assays. Altogether, this study showed that homogeneous LipoParticles can be produced by microfluidics, which represents a promising platform to transport functional mRNA into cells.
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145
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Pardridge WM. A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1283. [PMID: 35745855 PMCID: PMC9229021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of brain drug delivery is reviewed beginning with the first demonstration, in 1914, that a drug for syphilis, salvarsan, did not enter the brain, due to the presence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB). Owing to restricted transport across the BBB, FDA-approved drugs for the CNS have been generally limited to lipid-soluble small molecules. Drugs that do not cross the BBB can be re-engineered for transport on endogenous BBB carrier-mediated transport and receptor-mediated transport systems, which were identified during the 1970s-1980s. By the 1990s, a multitude of brain drug delivery technologies emerged, including trans-cranial delivery, CSF delivery, BBB disruption, lipid carriers, prodrugs, stem cells, exosomes, nanoparticles, gene therapy, and biologics. The advantages and limitations of each of these brain drug delivery technologies are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Pardridge
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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146
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Davis A, Morris KV, Shevchenko G. Hypoxia-directed tumor targeting of CRISPR-Cas9 and HSV-TK suicide gene therapy using lipid nanoparticles. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:158-169. [PMID: 35402634 PMCID: PMC8971340 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of solid tumors that contributes to tumor aggressiveness and is associated with resistance to cancer therapy. The hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) transcription factor complex mediates hypoxia-specific gene expression by binding to hypoxia-responsive element (HRE) sequences within the promoter of target genes. HRE-driven expression of therapeutic cargo has been widely explored as a strategy to achieve cancer-specific gene expression. By utilizing this system, we achieve hypoxia-specific expression of two therapeutically relevant cargo elements: the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) suicide gene and the CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease. Using an expression vector containing five copies of the HRE derived from the vascular endothelial growth factor gene, we are able to show high transgene expression in cells in a hypoxic environment, similar to levels achieved using the cytomegalovirus (CMV) and CBh promoters. Furthermore, we are able to deliver our therapeutic cargo to tumor cells with high efficiency using plasmid-packaged lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to achieve specific killing of tumor cells in hypoxic conditions while maintaining tight regulation with no significant changes to cell viability in normoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Davis
- Center for Gene Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kevin V. Morris
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Galina Shevchenko
- Center for Gene Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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147
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Vaidya S, Jeengar MK, Wadaan MA, Mahboob S, Kumar P, Reece LM, Bathula SR, Dutta M. Design and In Vitro Evaluation of Novel Cationic Lipids for siRNA Delivery in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:9231641. [PMID: 35707479 PMCID: PMC9192290 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9231641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality in Western nations, with a terrible prognosis. Many studies show that siRNA plays a role in the development of tumors by acting as a tumor suppressor and apoptosis inhibitor or both. siRNAs may be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer. Antisurvivin siRNA was chosen as a therapeutic target in breast cancer treatment because it directly targets survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, that causes cell death. However, siRNA-based treatment has significant limitations, including a lack of tissue selectivity, a lack of effective delivery mechanisms, low cellular absorption, and the possibility of systemic toxicity. To address some of these issues, we provide a siRNA delivery method based on cationic lipids. In the recent past, cationic liposomes have displayed that they offer a remarkable perspective in proficient siRNA delivery. The presence of a positive charge plays a vital role in firm extracellular siRNA binding along with active intracellular siRNA separation and low biological adversities. Consequently, the methods for developing innovative cationic lipids through rendering and utilization of appropriate positive charges would certainly be helpful for benign and effective siRNA delivery. In the current study, an effort was made to synthesize a 3,4-dimethoxyaniline lipid (DMA) to improve the effectiveness and protection of successful siRNA delivery. DMA cationic lipid successfully delivered survivin siRNA that reduced the survivin mRNA expression, indicating the possibility of utilizing siRNA therapeutics for breast cancer. It is expected that this innovative quaternary amine-based liposome can open up new avenues in the process of developing an easy and extensively used platform for siRNA delivery. Cationic lipoplexes, a potential carrier system for siRNA-based therapies in the treatment of breast cancer, were proven by our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Vaidya
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Centre for Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Manish Kumar Jeengar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, AIMS Ponekkara, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Integrated Regional Office, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India, Saifabad, Hyderabad 500004, Telangana, India
| | - Lisa M. Reece
- Reece Life Science Consulting Service, 819 N Amburn Rd, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Surender Reddy Bathula
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Centre for Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Mycal Dutta
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
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148
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Kazemian P, Yu SY, Thomson SB, Birkenshaw A, Leavitt BR, Ross CJD. Lipid-Nanoparticle-Based Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Editing Components. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1669-1686. [PMID: 35594500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene editing mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 systems is due to become a beneficial therapeutic option for treating genetic diseases and some cancers. However, there are challenges in delivering CRISPR components which necessitate sophisticated delivery systems for safe and effective genome editing. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become an attractive nonviral delivery platform for CRISPR-mediated genome editing due to their low immunogenicity and application flexibility. In this review, we provide a background of CRISPR-mediated gene therapy, as well as LNPs and their applicable characteristics for delivering CRISPR components. We then highlight the challenges of CRISPR delivery, which have driven the significant development of new, safe, and optimized LNP formulations in the past decade. Finally, we discuss considerations for using LNPs to deliver CRISPR and future perspectives on clinical translation of LNP-CRISPR gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Kazemian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Si-Yue Yu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sarah B Thomson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Alexandra Birkenshaw
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Blair R Leavitt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Colin J D Ross
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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149
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Lim SA, Cox A, Tung M, Chung EJ. Clinical progress of nanomedicine-based RNA therapies. Bioact Mater 2022; 12:203-213. [PMID: 35310381 PMCID: PMC8897211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of nanoparticles (NPs) to deliver RNA for therapy has progressed rapidly since the FDA approval of Onpattro® in 2018 for the treatment of polyneuropathy associated with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. The emergency use authorization or approval and widespread global use of two mRNA-NP based vaccines developed by Moderna Therapeutics Inc. and Pfizer-BioNTech in 2021 has highlighted the translatability of NP technology for RNA delivery. Furthermore, in clinical trials, a wide variety of NP formulations have been found to extend the half-life of RNA molecules such as microRNA, small interfering RNA, and messenger RNA, with limited safety issues. In this review, we discuss the NP formulations that are already used in the clinic to deliver therapeutic RNA and highlight examples of RNA-NPs which are currently under evaluation for human use. We also detail NP formulations that failed to progress through clinical trials, in hopes of guiding future successful translation of nanomedicine-based RNA therapeutics into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyoung A. Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alysia Cox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Madelynn Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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150
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Hydroxycholesterol substitution in ionizable lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery to T cells. J Control Release 2022; 347:521-532. [PMID: 35569584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of nucleic acids, such as mRNA, to immune cells has become a major focus in the past decade with ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) emerging as a clinically-validated delivery platform. LNPs-typically composed of ionizable lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, and polyethylene glycol lipids -have been designed and optimized for a variety of applications including cancer therapies, vaccines, and gene editing. However, LNPs have only recently been investigated for delivery to T cells, which has various therapeutic applications including the engineering of T cell immunotherapies. While several LNP formulations have been evaluated for mRNA delivery, recent work has demonstrated that the utilization of cholesterol analogs may enhance mRNA delivery. Other studies have shown that cholesterols modified with hydroxyl groups can alter endocytic recycling mechanisms. Here, we engineered a library of LNPs incorporating hydroxycholesterols to evaluate their impact on mRNA delivery to T cells by leveraging endosomal trafficking mechanisms. Substitution of 25% and 50% 7α-hydroxycholesterol for cholesterol in LNPs enhanced mRNA delivery to primary human T cells ex vivo by 1.8-fold and 2.0-fold, respectively. Investigation of endosomal trafficking revealed that these modifications also increase late endosome production and reduce the presence of recycling endosomes. These results suggest that hydroxyl modification of cholesterol molecules incorporated into LNP formulations provides a mechanism for improving delivery of nucleic acid cargo to T cells for a range of immunotherapy applications.
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