101
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Guo H, Feng X, Hong C, Chen H, Zeng F, Zheng B, Jiang D. Malate secretion from the root system is an important reason for higher resistance of Miscanthus sacchariflorus to cadmium. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 159:340-353. [PMID: 27787914 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus is a vigorous perennial Gramineae genus grown throughout the world as a promising bioenergy crop and generally regarded as heavy metal tolerant due to its ability to absorb heavy metals. However, little is known about the mechanism for heavy metal tolerance in Miscanthus. In this study, two Miscanthus species (Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Miscanthus floridulus) exhibiting different cadmium (Cd) sensitivity were used to address the mechanisms of Cd tolerance. Under the same Cd stress, M. sacchariflorus showed higher Cd tolerance with better growth and lower Cd accumulation in both shoots and roots than M. floridulus. The malate (MA) content significantly increased in root exudates of M. sacchariflorus following Cd treatment while it was almost unchanged in M. floridulus. Cellular Cd analysis and flux data showed that exogenous MA application markedly restricted Cd influx and accumulation while an anion-channel inhibitor (phenylglyoxal) effectively blocked Cd-induced MA secretion and increased Cd influx in M. sacchariflorus, indicating that MA secretion could alleviate Cd toxicity by reducing Cd uptake. The genes of malate dehydrogenases (MsMDHs) and Al-activated malate transporter 1 (MsALMT1) in M. sacchariflorus were highly upregulated under Cd stress, compared with that in M. floridulus. The results indicate that Cd-induced MA synthesis and secretion efficiently alleviate Cd toxicity by reducing Cd influx in M. sacchariflorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chuntao Hong
- Department of Forestry, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Houming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Dean Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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102
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Sharma D, Jamra G, Singh UM, Sood S, Kumar A. Calcium Biofortification: Three Pronged Molecular Approaches for Dissecting Complex Trait of Calcium Nutrition in Finger Millet ( Eleusine coracana) for Devising Strategies of Enrichment of Food Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:2028. [PMID: 28144246 PMCID: PMC5239788 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is an essential macronutrient for plants and animals and plays an indispensable role in structure and signaling. Low dietary intake of calcium in humans has been epidemiologically linked to various diseases which can have serious health consequences over time. Major staple food-grains are poor source of calcium, however, finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.], an orphan crop has an immense potential as a nutritional security crop due to its exceptionally high calcium content. Understanding the existing genetic variation as well as molecular mechanisms underlying the uptake, transport, accumulation of calcium ions (Ca2+) in grains is of utmost importance for development of calcium bio-fortified crops. In this review, we have discussed molecular mechanisms involved in calcium accumulation and transport thoroughly, emphasized the role of molecular breeding, functional genomics and transgenic approaches to understand the intricate mechanism of calcium nutrition in finger millet. The objective is to provide a comprehensive up to date account of molecular mechanisms regulating calcium nutrition and highlight the significance of bio-fortification through identification of potential candidate genes and regulatory elements from finger millet to alleviate calcium malnutrition. Hence, finger millet could be used as a model system for explaining the mechanism of elevated calcium (Ca2+) accumulation in its grains and could pave way for development of nutraceuticals or designer crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
| | - Gautam Jamra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
| | - Uma M. Singh
- International Rice Research Institute Division, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsPatancheru, India
| | - Salej Sood
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Vivekananda Institute of Hill AgricultureAlmora, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
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103
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Negrão S, Schmöckel SM, Tester M. Evaluating physiological responses of plants to salinity stress. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017. [PMID: 27707746 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because soil salinity is a major abiotic constraint affecting crop yield, much research has been conducted to develop plants with improved salinity tolerance. Salinity stress impacts many aspects of a plant's physiology, making it difficult to study in toto Instead, it is more tractable to dissect the plant's response into traits that are hypothesized to be involved in the overall tolerance of the plant to salinity. SCOPE AND CONCLUSIONS We discuss how to quantify the impact of salinity on different traits, such as relative growth rate, water relations, transpiration, transpiration use efficiency, ionic relations, photosynthesis, senescence, yield and yield components. We also suggest some guidelines to assist with the selection of appropriate experimental systems, imposition of salinity stress, and obtaining and analysing relevant physiological data using appropriate indices. We illustrate how these indices can be used to identify relationships amongst the proposed traits to identify which traits are the most important contributors to salinity tolerance. Salinity tolerance is complex and involves many genes, but progress has been made in studying the mechanisms underlying a plant's response to salinity. Nevertheless, several previous studies on salinity tolerance could have benefited from improved experimental design. We hope that this paper will provide pertinent information to researchers on performing proficient assays and interpreting results from salinity tolerance experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Negrão
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - S M Schmöckel
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Tester
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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104
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Alirzayeva E, Neumann G, Horst W, Allahverdiyeva Y, Specht A, Alizade V. Multiple mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance are differentially expressed in ecotypes of Artemisia fragrans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:1024-1035. [PMID: 27890587 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia fragrans is a plant species with ability of growing on heavy metal-polluted soils. Ecotypes of this species naturally growing in polluted areas can accumulate and tolerate different amounts of heavy metals (HM), depending on soil contamination level at their origin. Heavy metal tolerance of various ecotypes collected from contaminated (AP, SP) and non-contaminated (BG) sites was compared by cultivation on a highly HM-contaminated river sediment and a non-contaminated agricultural control soil. Tissue-specific HM distribution was analyzed by laser ablation-inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) and photosynthetic activity by non-invasive monitoring of chlorophyll fluorescence. Plant-mineral analysis did not reveal ecotype-differences in concentrations of Cd, Zn, Cu in shoots of Artemisia plants, suggesting no differential expression of root uptake or root to shoot translocation of HM. There was also no detectable rhizosphere effect on HM concentrations on the contaminated soil. However, despite high soil contaminations, all ecotypes accumulated Zn only in the concentration range of generally reported for normal growth of plants, while Cu and Cd concentrations were close to or even higher than the toxicity level for most plants. As a visible symptom of differences in HM tolerance, only the AP ecotype was able to enter the generative phase to complete its life cycle. Analysis of tissue-specific metal distribution revealed significantly lower concentrations of Cd in the leaf mesophyll of this ecotype, accumulating Cd mainly in the leaf petioles. A similar mesophyll exclusion was detectable also for Cu, although not associated with preferential accumulation in the leaf petioles. However, high mesophyll concentrations of Cd and Cu in the SP and BG ecotypes were associated with disturbances of the photosynthetic activity. The findings demonstrate differential expression of HM exclusion strategies in Artemisia ecotypes and suggest Cd and Cu exclusion from the photosynthetically active tissues as a major tolerance mechanism of the AP ecotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmira Alirzayeva
- Institute of Botany of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Badamdar Highway, 40, AZ1004, Baku, Azerbaijan.
| | - Gunter Neumann
- Institute of Crop Science (340h), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr., 20, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Walter Horst
- Institute for Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | - Andre Specht
- Institute for Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Valida Alizade
- Institute of Botany of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Badamdar Highway, 40, AZ1004, Baku, Azerbaijan.
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105
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Negrão S, Schmöckel SM, Tester M. Evaluating physiological responses of plants to salinity stress. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:1-11. [PMID: 27707746 PMCID: PMC5218372 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because soil salinity is a major abiotic constraint affecting crop yield, much research has been conducted to develop plants with improved salinity tolerance. Salinity stress impacts many aspects of a plant's physiology, making it difficult to study in toto Instead, it is more tractable to dissect the plant's response into traits that are hypothesized to be involved in the overall tolerance of the plant to salinity. SCOPE AND CONCLUSIONS We discuss how to quantify the impact of salinity on different traits, such as relative growth rate, water relations, transpiration, transpiration use efficiency, ionic relations, photosynthesis, senescence, yield and yield components. We also suggest some guidelines to assist with the selection of appropriate experimental systems, imposition of salinity stress, and obtaining and analysing relevant physiological data using appropriate indices. We illustrate how these indices can be used to identify relationships amongst the proposed traits to identify which traits are the most important contributors to salinity tolerance. Salinity tolerance is complex and involves many genes, but progress has been made in studying the mechanisms underlying a plant's response to salinity. Nevertheless, several previous studies on salinity tolerance could have benefited from improved experimental design. We hope that this paper will provide pertinent information to researchers on performing proficient assays and interpreting results from salinity tolerance experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Negrão
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - S M Schmöckel
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Tester
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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106
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Alcock TD, Havlickova L, He Z, Bancroft I, White PJ, Broadley MR, Graham NS. Identification of Candidate Genes for Calcium and Magnesium Accumulation in Brassica napus L. by Association Genetics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1968. [PMID: 29187860 PMCID: PMC5694822 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are essential plant nutrients and vital for human and animal nutrition. Biofortification of crops has previously been suggested to alleviate widespread human Ca and Mg deficiencies. In this study, new candidate genes influencing the leaf accumulation of Ca and Mg were identified in young Brassica napus plants using associative transcriptomics of ionomics datasets. A total of 247 and 166 SNP markers were associated with leaf Ca and Mg concentration, respectively, after false discovery rate correction and removal of SNPs with low second allele frequency. Gene expression markers at similar positions were also associated with leaf Ca and Mg concentration, including loci on chromosomes A10 and C2, within which lie previously identified transporter genes ACA8 and MGT7. Further candidate genes were selected from seven loci and the mineral composition of whole Arabidopsis thaliana shoots were characterized from lines mutated in orthologous genes. Four and two mutant lines had reduced shoot Ca and Mg concentration, respectively, compared to wild type plants. Three of these mutations were found to have tissue specific effects; notably reduced silique Ca in all three such mutant lines. This knowledge could be applied in targeted breeding, with the possibility of increasing Ca and Mg in plant tissue for improving human and livestock nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Alcock
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Zhesi He
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Bancroft
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. White
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin R. Broadley
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Neil S. Graham
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Neil S. Graham,
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107
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Munns R, James RA, Gilliham M, Flowers TJ, Colmer TD. Tissue tolerance: an essential but elusive trait for salt-tolerant crops. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:1103-1113. [PMID: 32480530 DOI: 10.1071/fp16187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
For a plant to persist in saline soil, osmotic adjustment of all plant cells is essential. The more salt-tolerant species accumulate Na+ and Cl- to concentrations in leaves and roots that are similar to the external solution, thus allowing energy-efficient osmotic adjustment. Adverse effects of Na+ and Cl- on metabolism must be avoided, resulting in a situation known as 'tissue tolerance'. The strategy of sequestering Na+ and Cl- in vacuoles and keeping concentrations low in the cytoplasm is an important contributor to tissue tolerance. Although there are clear differences between species in the ability to accommodate these ions in their leaves, it remains unknown whether there is genetic variation in this ability within a species. This viewpoint considers the concept of tissue tolerance, and how to measure it. Four conclusions are drawn: (1) osmotic adjustment is inseparable from the trait of tissue tolerance; (2) energy-efficient osmotic adjustment should involve ions and only minimal organic solutes; (3) screening methods should focus on measuring tolerance, not injury; and (4) high-throughput protocols that avoid the need for control plants and multiple Na+ or Cl- measurements should be developed. We present guidelines to identify useful genetic variation in tissue tolerance that can be harnessed for plant breeding of salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Munns
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Richard A James
- CSIRO Agriculture, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Timothy J Flowers
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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108
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Chen J, Duan B, Xu G, Korpelainen H, Niinemets Ü, Li C. Sexual competition affects biomass partitioning, carbon-nutrient balance, Cd allocation and ultrastructure of Populus cathayana females and males exposed to Cd stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:1353-1368. [PMID: 27344063 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although increasing attention has been paid to plant adaptation to soil heavy metal contamination, competition and neighbor effects have been largely overlooked, especially in dioecious plants. In this study, we investigated growth as well as biochemical and ultrastructural responses of Populus cathayana Rehder females and males to cadmium (Cd) stress under different sexual competition patterns. The results showed that competition significantly affects biomass partitioning, photosynthetic capacity, leaf and root ultrastructure, Cd accumulation, the contents of polyphenols, and structural and nonstructural carbohydrates. Compared with single-sex cultivation, plants of opposite sexes exposed to sexual competition accumulated more Cd in tissues and their growth was more strongly inhibited, indicating enhanced Cd toxicity under sexual competition. Under intrasexual competition, females showed greater Cd accumulation, more serious damage at the ultrastructural level and greater reduction in physiological activity than under intersexual competition, while males performed better under intrasexual competition than under intersexual competition. Males improved the female microenvironment by greater Cd uptake and lower resource consumption under intersexual competition. These results demonstrate that the sex of neighbor plants and competition affect sexual differences in growth and in key physiological processes under Cd stress. The asymmetry of sexual competition highlighted here might regulate population structure, and spatial segregation and phytoremediation potential of both sexes in P. cathayana growing in heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baoli Duan
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Chunyang Li
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang, China
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109
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Peng Z, He S, Sun J, Pan Z, Gong W, Lu Y, Du X. Na + compartmentalization related to salinity stress tolerance in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seedlings. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34548. [PMID: 27698468 PMCID: PMC5048304 DOI: 10.1038/srep34548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity for ion compartmentalization among different tissues and cells is the key mechanism regulating salt tolerance in plants. In this study, we investigated the ion compartmentalization capacity of two upland cotton genotypes with different salt tolerances under salt shock at the tissue, cell and molecular levels. We found that the leaf glandular trichome could secrete more salt ions in the salt-tolerant genotype than in the sensitive genotype, demonstrating the excretion of ions from tissue may be a new mechanism to respond to short-term salt shock. Furthermore, an investigation of the ion distribution demonstrated that the ion content was significantly lower in critical tissues and cells of the salt-tolerant genotype, indicating the salt-tolerant genotype had a greater capacity for ion compartmentalization in the shoot. By comparing the membrane H+-ATPase activity and the expression of ion transportation-related genes, we found that the H+-ATPase activity and Na+/H+ antiporter are the key factors determining the capacity for ion compartmentalization in leaves, which might further determine the salt tolerance of cotton. The novel function of the glandular trichome and the comparison of Na+ compartmentalization between two cotton genotypes with contrasting salt tolerances provide a new understanding of the salt tolerance mechanism in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000 China.,Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in the Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Shoupu He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Junling Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Zhaoe Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Wenfang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in the Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Xiongming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
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110
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Li MQ, Hasan MK, Li CX, Ahammed GJ, Xia XJ, Shi K, Zhou YH, Reiter RJ, Yu JQ, Xu MX, Zhou J. Melatonin mediates selenium-induced tolerance to cadmium stress in tomato plants. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:291-302. [PMID: 27264631 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both selenium (Se) and melatonin reduce cadmium (Cd) uptake and mitigate Cd toxicity in plants. However, the relationship between Se and melatonin in Cd detoxification remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the influence of three forms of Se (selenocysteine, sodium selenite, and sodium selenate) on the biosynthesis of melatonin and the tolerance against Cd in tomato plants. Pretreatment with different forms of Se significantly induced the biosynthesis of melatonin and its precursors (tryptophan, tryptamine, and serotonin); selenocysteine had the most marked effect on melatonin biosynthesis. Furthermore, Se and melatonin supplements significantly increased plant Cd tolerance as evidenced by decreased growth inhibition, photoinhibition, and electrolyte leakage (EL). Se-induced Cd tolerance was compromised in melatonin-deficient plants following tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) gene silencing. Se treatment increased the levels of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs), as well as the expression of GSH and PC biosynthetic genes in nonsilenced plants, but the effects of Se were compromised in TDC-silenced plants under Cd stress. In addition, Se and melatonin supplements reduced Cd content in leaves of nonsilenced plants, but Se-induced reduction in Cd content was compromised in leaves of TDC-silenced plants. Taken together, our results indicate that melatonin is involved in Se-induced Cd tolerance via the regulation of Cd detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Md Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Xia Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Xing Xu
- Geological Research Center for Agricultural Applications, China Geological Survey, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China.
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111
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Wang F, Chen ZH, Liu X, Colmer TD, Zhou M, Shabala S. Tissue-specific root ion profiling reveals essential roles of the CAX and ACA calcium transport systems in response to hypoxia in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3747-62. [PMID: 26889007 PMCID: PMC4896357 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging is a major abiotic stress that limits the growth of plants. The crucial role of Ca(2+) as a second messenger in response to abiotic and biotic stimuli has been widely recognized in plants. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms of Ca(2+) distribution within specific cell types in different root zones under hypoxia is poorly understood. In this work, whole-plant physiological and tissue-specific Ca(2+) changes were studied using several ACA (Ca(2+)-ATPase) and CAX (Ca(2+)/proton exchanger) knock-out Arabidopsis mutants subjected to waterlogging treatment. In the wild-type (WT) plants, several days of hypoxia decreased the expression of ACA8, CAX4, and CAX11 by 33% and 50% compared with the control. The hypoxic treatment also resulted in an up to 11-fold tissue-dependent increase in Ca(2+) accumulation in root tissues as revealed by confocal microscopy. The increase was much higher in stelar cells in the mature zone of Arabidopsis mutants with loss of function for ACA8, ACA11, CAX4, and CAX11 In addition, a significantly increased Ca(2+) concentration was found in the cytosol of stelar cells in the mature zone after hypoxic treatment. Three weeks of waterlogging resulted in dramatic loss of shoot biomass in cax11 plants (67% loss in shoot dry weight), while in the WT and other transport mutants this decline was only 14-22%. These results were also consistent with a decline in leaf chlorophyll fluorescence (F v/F m). It is suggested that CAX11 plays a key role in maintaining cytosolic Ca(2+) homeostasis and/or signalling in root cells under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW2751, Australia
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW2751, Australia School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Timothy David Colmer
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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Wang S, Lv J, Ma J, Zhang S. Cellular internalization and intracellular biotransformation of silver nanoparticles in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1129-35. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1179809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China and
| | - Jitao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China and
| | - Jingyuan Ma
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China and
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113
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Composition of mineral elements and bioactive compounds in tartary buckwheat and wheat sprouts as affected by natural mineral-rich water. J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Hocking B, Tyerman SD, Burton RA, Gilliham M. Fruit Calcium: Transport and Physiology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:569. [PMID: 27200042 PMCID: PMC4850500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcium has well-documented roles in plant signaling, water relations and cell wall interactions. Significant research into how calcium impacts these individual processes in various tissues has been carried out; however, the influence of calcium on fruit ripening has not been thoroughly explored. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on how calcium may impact the development, physical traits and disease susceptibility of fruit through facilitating developmental and stress response signaling, stabilizing membranes, influencing water relations and modifying cell wall properties through cross-linking of de-esterified pectins. We explore the involvement of calcium in hormone signaling integral to the physiological mechanisms behind common disorders that have been associated with fruit calcium deficiency (e.g., blossom end rot in tomatoes or bitter pit in apples). This review works toward an improved understanding of how the many roles of calcium interact to influence fruit ripening, and proposes future research directions to fill knowledge gaps. Specifically, we focus mostly on grapes and present a model that integrates existing knowledge around these various functions of calcium in fruit, which provides a basis for understanding the physiological impacts of sub-optimal calcium nutrition in grapes. Calcium accumulation and distribution in fruit is shown to be highly dependent on water delivery and cell wall interactions in the apoplasm. Localized calcium deficiencies observed in particular species or varieties can result from differences in xylem morphology, fruit water relations and pectin composition, and can cause leaky membranes, irregular cell wall softening, impaired hormonal signaling and aberrant fruit development. We propose that the role of apoplasmic calcium-pectin crosslinking, particularly in the xylem, is an understudied area that may have a key influence on fruit water relations. Furthermore, we believe that improved knowledge of the calcium-regulated signaling pathways that control ripening would assist in addressing calcium deficiency disorders and improving fruit pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradleigh Hocking
- Plant Transport and Signaling Laboratory, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen OsmondSA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen OsmondSA, Australia
| | - Stephen D. Tyerman
- Plant Transport and Signaling Laboratory, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen OsmondSA, Australia
| | - Rachel A. Burton
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen OsmondSA, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Plant Transport and Signaling Laboratory, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen OsmondSA, Australia
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Carvalho MR, Woll A, Niklas KJ. Spatiotemporal distribution of essential elements through Populus leaf ontogeny. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2777-2786. [PMID: 26985054 PMCID: PMC4861023 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We examined the spatiotemporal distribution and accumulation of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn) during the growth and maturation of grey poplar (Populus tremula × alba) leaves covering plastochrons 01 through 10. This period spans the sugar sink-to-source transition and requires coordinated changes of multiple core metabolic processes that likely involve alterations in essential and non-essential element distributions as tissues mature and effect a reversal in phloem flow direction. Whole-leaf elemental maps were obtained from dried specimens using micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Additional cross-sections of fresh leaves were scanned to check for tissue specificity in element accumulation. The anatomical distribution of Zn and K remains relatively consistent throughout leaf development; Ca accumulation varied across leaf developmental stages. The basipetal allocation of Ca to the leaf mesophyll matched spatially and temporally the sequence of phloem maturation, positive carbon balance, and sugar export from leaves. The accumulation of Ca likely reflects the maturation of xylem in minor veins and the enhancement of the transpiration stream. Our results independently confirm that xylem and phloem maturation are spatially and temporally coordinated with the onset of sugar export in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica R Carvalho
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Arthur Woll
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Karl J Niklas
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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116
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Shabala S, Bose J, Fuglsang AT, Pottosin I. On a quest for stress tolerance genes: membrane transporters in sensing and adapting to hostile soils. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1015-31. [PMID: 26507891 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, and flooding severely limit food and fibre production and result in penalties of in excess of US$100 billion per annum to the agricultural sector. Improved abiotic stress tolerance to these environmental constraints via traditional or molecular breeding practices requires a good understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms behind roots sensing of hostile soils, as well as downstream signalling cascades to effectors mediating plant adaptive responses to the environment. In this review, we discuss some common mechanisms conferring plant tolerance to these three major abiotic stresses. Central to our discussion are: (i) the essentiality of membrane potential maintenance and ATP production/availability and its use for metabolic versus adaptive responses; (ii) reactive oxygen species and Ca(2+) 'signatures' mediating stress signalling; and (iii) cytosolic K(+) as the common denominator of plant adaptive responses. We discuss in detail how key plasma membrane and tonoplast transporters are regulated by various signalling molecules and processes observed in plants under stress conditions (e.g. changes in membrane potential; cytosolic pH and Ca(2+); reactive oxygen species; polyamines; abscisic acid) and how these stress-induced changes are related to expression and activity of specific ion transporters. The reported results are then discussed in the context of strategies for breeding crops with improved abiotic stress tolerance. We also discuss a classical trade-off between tolerance and yield, and possible avenues for resolving this dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
| | - Jayakumar Bose
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Anja Thoe Fuglsang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Igor Pottosin
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 28045 Colima, México
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117
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Figueiredo MA, Leite MGP, Kozovits AR. Influence of soil texture on nutrients and potentially hazardous elements in Eremanthus erythropappus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:487-493. [PMID: 26588605 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that control uptake rates and allocation of chemical elements among plant organs is a fundamental prerequisite to improve phytostabilization techniques of hazardous elements in contaminated areas. The present study shows evidence that different substrate textures (coarse and fine laterite) do not significantly change the partitioning of root and shoot dry biomass and with few exceptions, do not significantly affect the final average concentration of elements in Eremanthus erythropappus, but change the root:shoot allocation of both essential nutrients and elements potentially toxic to biota. Growth on coarse laterite resulted in significant higher K (30%), Mg (34%), P (25%), S (32%), Cu (58%), and Na (43%) concentrations in roots and lower Cd concentration (29%). In shoots, coarse laterite led to reduction in K, Fe, Al, and Cr and increase in Na and Sr concentrations. Changes in element allocation could be, in part, a result of differences in the water availability of substrates. Matric potential in coarse laterite was significantly lower in at least 47% of the days analyzed throughout the year. Changes in element phytoextraction or phytostabilization potential could influence the efficiency of rehabilitation projects in areas degraded by mining activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurilio Assis Figueiredo
- a Department of Geology , Federal University of Ouro Preto , Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Mariangela Garcia Praça Leite
- a Department of Geology , Federal University of Ouro Preto , Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Alessandra Rodrigues Kozovits
- b Department of Biodiversity, Evolution and Environment , Federal University of Ouro Preto , Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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118
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Wang C, Yue W, Ying Y, Wang S, Secco D, Liu Y, Whelan J, Tyerman SD, Shou H. Rice SPX-Major Facility Superfamily3, a Vacuolar Phosphate Efflux Transporter, Is Involved in Maintaining Phosphate Homeostasis in Rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2822-31. [PMID: 26424157 PMCID: PMC4677894 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
To maintain a stable cytosol phosphate (Pi) concentration, plant cells store Pi in their vacuoles. When the Pi concentration in the cytosol decreases, Pi is exported from the vacuole into the cytosol. This export is mediated by Pi transporters on the tonoplast. In this study, we demonstrate that SYG1, PHO81, and XPR1 (SPX)-Major Facility Superfamily (MFS) proteins have a similar structure with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) low-affinity Pi transporters Phosphatase87 (PHO87), PHO90, and PHO91. OsSPX-MFS1, OsSPX-MFS2, and OsSPX-MFS3 all localized on the tonoplast of rice (Oryza sativa) protoplasts, even in the absence of the SPX domain. At high external Pi concentration, OsSPX-MFS3 could partially complement the yeast mutant strain EY917 under pH 5.5, which lacks all five Pi transporters present in yeast. In oocytes, OsSPX-MFS3 was shown to facilitate Pi influx or efflux depending on the external pH and Pi concentrations. In contrast to tonoplast localization in plants cells, OsSPX-MFS3 was localized to the plasma membrane when expressed in both yeast and oocytes. Overexpression of OsSPX-MFS3 results in decreased Pi concentration in the vacuole of rice tissues. We conclude that OsSPX-MFS3 is a low-affinity Pi transporter that mediates Pi efflux from the vacuole into cytosol and is coupled to proton movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
| | - Wenhao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
| | - Yinghui Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
| | - Shoudong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
| | - David Secco
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
| | - James Whelan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
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Munns R, Gilliham M. Salinity tolerance of crops - what is the cost? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:668-73. [PMID: 26108441 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity reduces crop yield. The extent and severity of salt-affected agricultural land is predicted to worsen as a result of inadequate drainage of irrigated land, rising water tables and global warming. The growth and yield of most plant species are adversely affected by soil salinity, but varied adaptations can allow some crop cultivars to continue to grow and produce a harvestable yield under moderate soil salinity. Significant costs are associated with saline soils: the economic costs to the farming community and the energy costs of plant adaptations. We briefly consider mechanisms of adaptation and highlight recent research examples through a lens of their applicability to improving the energy efficiency of crops under saline field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Munns
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology & School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology & School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Precinct, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
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120
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Ellsworth DS, Crous KY, Lambers H, Cooke J. Phosphorus recycling in photorespiration maintains high photosynthetic capacity in woody species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1142-56. [PMID: 25311401 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaf photosynthetic CO2 responses can provide insight into how major nutrients, such as phosphorus (P), constrain leaf CO2 assimilation rates (Anet). However, triose-phosphate limitations are rarely employed in the classic photosynthesis model and it is uncertain as to what extent these limitations occur in field situations. In contrast to predictions from biochemical theory of photosynthesis, we found consistent evidence in the field of lower Anet in high [CO2] and low [O2 ] than at ambient [O2 ]. For 10 species of trees and shrubs across a range of soil P availability in Australia, none of them showed a positive response of Anet at saturating [CO2] (i.e. Amax) to 2 kPa O2. Three species showed >20% reductions in Amax in low [O2], a phenomenon potentially explained by orthophosphate (Pi) savings during photorespiration. These species, with largest photosynthetic capacity and Pi > 2 mmol P m(-2), rely the most on additional Pi made available from photorespiration rather than species growing in P-impoverished soils. The results suggest that rarely used adjustments to a biochemical photosynthesis model are useful for predicting Amax and give insight into the biochemical limitations of photosynthesis rates at a range of leaf P concentrations. Phosphate limitations to photosynthetic capacity are likely more common in the field than previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
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Aziz T, Lambers H, Nicol D, Ryan MH. Mechanisms for tolerance of very high tissue phosphorus concentrations in Ptilotus polystachyus. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:790-799. [PMID: 25258291 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Study of plants with unusual phosphorus (P) physiology may assist development of more P-efficient crops. Ptilotus polystachyus grows well at high P supply, when shoot P concentrations ([P]) may exceed 40 mg P g(-1) dry matter (DM). We explored the P physiology of P. polystachyus seedlings grown in nutrient solution with 0-5 mM P. In addition, young leaves and roots of soil-grown plants were used for cryo-scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. No P-toxicity symptoms were observed, even at 5 mM P in solution. Shoot DM was similar at 0.1 and 1.0 mM P in solution, but was ∼14% lower at 2 and 5 mM P. At 1 mM P, [P] was 36, 18, 14 and 11 mg P g(-1) DM in mature leaves, young leaves, stems and roots, respectively. Leaf potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations increased with increasing P supply. Leaf epidermal and palisade mesophyll cells had similar [P]. The root epidermis and most cortical cells had senesced, even in young roots. We conclude that preferential accumulation of P in mature leaves, accumulation of balancing cations and uniform distribution of P across leaf cell types allow P. polystachyus to tolerate very high leaf [P].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Aziz
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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Wu H, Zhu M, Shabala L, Zhou M, Shabala S. K+ retention in leaf mesophyll, an overlooked component of salinity tolerance mechanism: a case study for barley. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:171-85. [PMID: 25040138 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant salinity tolerance is a physiologically complex trait, with numerous mechanisms contributing to it. In this work, we show that the ability of leaf mesophyll to retain K(+) represents an important and essentially overlooked component of a salinity tolerance mechanism. The strong positive correlation between mesophyll K(+) retention ability under saline conditions (quantified by the magnitude of NaCl-induced K(+) efflux from mesophyll) and the overall salinity tolerance (relative fresh weight and/or survival or damage under salinity stress) was found while screening 46 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes contrasting in their salinity tolerance. Genotypes with intrinsically higher leaf K(+) content under control conditions were found to possess better K(+) retention ability under salinity and, hence, overall higher tolerance. Contrary to previous reports for barley roots, K(+) retention in mesophyll was not associated with an increased H(+) -pumping in tolerant varieties but instead correlated negatively with this trait. These findings are explained by the fact that increased H(+) extrusion may be needed to charge balance the activity and provide the driving force for the high affinity HAK/KUP K(+) transporters required to restore cytosolic K(+) homeostasis in salt-sensitive genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Wu
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
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He H, Kirilak Y, Kuo J, Lambers H. Accumulation and precipitation of magnesium, calcium, and sulfur in two Acacia (Leguminosae; Mimosoideae) species grown in different substrates proposed for mine-site rehabilitation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2015; 102:290-301. [PMID: 25667081 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Few studies have investigated the effects of substrates on the accumulation and precipitation of magnesium, calcium, and sulfur in plants. Acacia stipuligera and A. robeorum growing in their natural habitats with different substrates show different accumulation and precipitation patterns of these elements. Here, we compared the accumulation and precipitation of magnesium, calcium, and sulfur in A. stipuligera and A. robeorum grown in different substrates proposed for mine-site rehabilitation and expected the differences in substrates to have significant effects on the accumulation and precipitation of these elements in the two species. METHODS Saplings were grown in sandy topsoil or in a topsoil-siltstone mixture in a glasshouse. Phyllode magnesium, calcium, and sulfur concentrations of 25-wk-old plants were measured. Precipitation of these elements in phyllodes and branchlets was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. KEY RESULTS Phyllode magnesium, calcium, and sulfur concentrations were generally significantly greater in A. robeorum than in A. stipuligera. The two species responded in unique ways to the substrate, with A. stipuligera having similar phyllode magnesium and calcium concentrations in both substrates, but greater sulfur concentration in the topsoil-siltstone mixture, while A. robeorum showed lower phyllode magnesium, calcium, and sulfur concentrations in the topsoil-siltstone mixture. For both substrates, mineral precipitates were observed in both species, with A. robeorum having more mineral precipitates containing magnesium, calcium, and sulfur in its phyllodes than A. stipuligera did. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation and precipitation patterns of magnesium, calcium, and sulfur are more species-specific than substrate-affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua He
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), WA 6009, Australia State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yaowanuj Kirilak
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), WA 6009, Australia
| | - John Kuo
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), WA 6009, Australia
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Kuppusamy T, Giavalisco P, Arvidsson S, Sulpice R, Stitt M, Finnegan PM, Scheible WR, Lambers H, Jost R. Lipid biosynthesis and protein concentration respond uniquely to phosphate supply during leaf development in highly phosphorus-efficient Hakea prostrata. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1891-911. [PMID: 25315604 PMCID: PMC4256859 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.248930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae) is adapted to severely phosphorus-impoverished soils and extensively replaces phospholipids during leaf development. We investigated how polar lipid profiles change during leaf development and in response to external phosphate supply. Leaf size was unaffected by a moderate increase in phosphate supply. However, leaf protein concentration increased by more than 2-fold in young and mature leaves, indicating that phosphate stimulates protein synthesis. Orthologs of known lipid-remodeling genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were identified in the H. prostrata transcriptome. Their transcript profiles in young and mature leaves were analyzed in response to phosphate supply alongside changes in polar lipid fractions. In young leaves of phosphate-limited plants, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine and associated transcript levels were higher, while phosphatidylglycerol and sulfolipid levels were lower than in mature leaves, consistent with low photosynthetic rates and delayed chloroplast development. Phosphate reduced galactolipid and increased phospholipid concentrations in mature leaves, with concomitant changes in the expression of only four H. prostrata genes, GLYCEROPHOSPHODIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE1, N-METHYLTRANSFERASE2, NONSPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C4, and MONOGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL3. Remarkably, phosphatidylglycerol levels decreased with increasing phosphate supply and were associated with lower photosynthetic rates. Levels of polar lipids with highly unsaturated 32:x (x = number of double bonds in hydrocarbon chain) and 34:x acyl chains increased. We conclude that a regulatory network with a small number of central hubs underpins extensive phospholipid replacement during leaf development in H. prostrata. This hard-wired regulatory framework allows increased photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency and growth in a low-phosphate environment. This may have rendered H. prostrata lipid metabolism unable to adjust to higher internal phosphate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumurugen Kuppusamy
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Samuel Arvidsson
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Mark Stitt
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Patrick M Finnegan
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Wolf-Rüdiger Scheible
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
| | - Ricarda Jost
- School of Plant Biology (T.K., P.M.F., H.L., R.J.) and Institute of Agriculture (P.M.F., H.L.), University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia;Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.A., R.S., M.S.); andSamuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (W.-R.S.)
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125
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Li W, Xu F, Chen S, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Jin Y, Li M, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Yang Y, Deng X. A comparative study on Ca content and distribution in two Gesneriaceae species reveals distinctive mechanisms to cope with high rhizospheric soluble calcium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:647. [PMID: 25477893 PMCID: PMC4238373 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Excessive Ca is toxic to plants thus significantly affects plant growth and species distribution in Ca-rich karst areas. To understand how plants survive high Ca soil, laboratory experiments were established to compare the physiological responses and internal Ca distribution in organ, tissue, cell, and intracellular levels under different Ca levels for Lysionotus pauciflorus and Boea hygrometrica, two karst habitant Gesneriaceae species in Southwest China. In the controlled condition, L. pauciflorus could survive as high as 200 mM rhizospheric soluble Ca, attributed to a series of physiological responses and preferential storage that limited Ca accumulation in chloroplasts of palisade cells. In contrast, B. hygrometrica could survive only 20 mM rhizospheric soluble Ca, but accumulated a high level of internal Ca in both palisade and spongy cells without disturbance on photosynthetic activity. By phenotype screening of transgenic plants expressing high Ca-inducible genes from B. hygrometrica, the expression of BhDNAJC2 in A. thaliana was found to enhance plant growth and photosynthesis under high soluble Ca stress. BhDNAJC2 encodes a recently reported heat shock protein (HSP) 40 family DnaJ-domain protein. The Ca-resistant phenotype of BhDNAJC2 highlights the important role of chaperone-mediated protein quality control in Ca tolerance in B. hygrometrica. Taken together, our results revealed that distinctive mechanisms were employed in the two Gesneriaceae karst habitants to cope with a high Ca environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Falun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Shixuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zhennan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yukuan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Meijing Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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126
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Bojórquez-Quintal E, Velarde-Buendía A, Ku-González Á, Carillo-Pech M, Ortega-Camacho D, Echevarría-Machado I, Pottosin I, Martínez-Estévez M. Mechanisms of salt tolerance in habanero pepper plants (Capsicum chinense Jacq.): Proline accumulation, ions dynamics and sodium root-shoot partition and compartmentation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:605. [PMID: 25429292 PMCID: PMC4228851 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite its economic relevance, little is known about salt tolerance mechanisms in pepper plants. To address this question, we compared differences in responses to NaCl in two Capsicum chinense varieties: Rex (tolerant) and Chichen-Itza (sensitive). Under salt stress (150 mM NaCl over 7 days) roots of Rex variety accumulated 50 times more compatible solutes such as proline compared to Chichen-Itza. Mineral analysis indicated that Na(+) is restricted to roots by preventing its transport to leaves. Fluorescence analysis suggested an efficient Na(+) compartmentalization in vacuole-like structures and in small intracellular compartments in roots of Rex variety. At the same time, Na(+) in Chichen-Itza plants was compartmentalized in the apoplast, suggesting substantial Na(+) extrusion. Rex variety was found to retain more K(+) in its roots under salt stress according to a mineral analysis and microelectrode ion flux estimation (MIFE). Vanadate-sensitive H(+) efflux was higher in Chichen-Itza variety plants, suggesting a higher activity of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase, which fuels the extrusion of Na(+), and, possibly, also the re-uptake of K(+). Our results suggest a combination of stress tolerance mechanisms, in order to alleviate the salt-induced injury. Furthermore, Na(+) extrusion to apoplast does not appear to be an efficient strategy for salt tolerance in pepper plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Bojórquez-Quintal
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánYucatán, México
| | - Ana Velarde-Buendía
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de ColimaColima, México
| | - Ángela Ku-González
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánYucatán, México
| | - Mildred Carillo-Pech
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánYucatán, México
| | - Daniela Ortega-Camacho
- Unidad de Ciencias del Agua, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánYucatán, México
| | - Ileana Echevarría-Machado
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánYucatán, México
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de ColimaColima, México
| | - Manuel Martínez-Estévez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánYucatán, México
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127
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Lu L, Liao X, Labavitch J, Yang X, Nelson E, Du Y, Brown PH, Tian S. Speciation and localization of Zn in the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii by extended X-ray absorption fine structure and micro-X-ray fluorescence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 84:224-232. [PMID: 25306525 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Differences in metal homeostasis among related plant species can give important information of metal hyperaccumulation mechanisms. Speciation and distribution of Zn were investigated in a hyperaccumulating population of Sedum alfredii by using extended X-ray absorption fine structure and micro-synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF), respectively. The hyperaccumulator uses complexation with oxygen donor ligands for Zn storage in leaves and stems, and variations in the Zn speciation was noted in different tissues. The dominant chemical form of Zn in leaves was most probably a complex with malate, the most prevalent organic acid in S. alfredii leaves. In stems, Zn was mainly associated with malate and cell walls, while Zn-citrate and Zn-cell wall complexes dominated in the roots. Two-dimensional μ-XRF images revealed age-dependent differences in Zn localization in S. alfredii stems and leaves. In old leaves of S. alfredii, Zn was high in the midrib, margin regions and the petiole, whereas distribution of Zn was essentially uniform in young leaves. Zinc was preferentially sequestered by cells near vascular bundles in young stems, but was highly localized to vascular bundles and the outer cortex layer of old stems. The results suggest that tissue- and age-dependent variations of Zn speciation and distribution occurred in the hyperaccumulator S. alfredii, with most of the Zn complexed with malate in the leaves, but a shift to cell wall- and citric acid-Zn complexes during transportation and storage in stems and roots. This implies that biotransformation in Zn complexation occurred during transportation and storage processes in the plants of S. alfredii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xingcheng Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - John Labavitch
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Erik Nelson
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yonghua Du
- Institute of Chemical & Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore
| | - Patrick H Brown
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shengke Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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128
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Klančnik K, Vogel-Mikuš K, Kelemen M, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, Kump P, Jezeršek D, Gianoncelli A, Gaberščik A. Leaf optical properties are affected by the location and type of deposited biominerals. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 140:276-85. [PMID: 25194526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to relate the properties of incrusted plant tissues and structures as well as biomineral concentrations and localization with leaf reflectance and transmittance spectra from 280nm to 880nm in the grasses Phragmites australis, Phalaris arundinacea, Molinia caerulea and Deschampsia cespitosa, and the sedge Carex elata. Redundancy analysis revealed that prickle-hair length on adaxial surface and thickness of lower epidermis exerted significant effects in P. australis; prickle-hair density at abaxial leaf surface and thickness of epidermis on adaxial leaf surface in P. arundinacea; thickness of epidermis on adaxial leaf in D. cespitosa; prickle-hair density on adaxial leaf surface and thickness of cuticle in M. caerulea; and prickle-hair density on adaxial leaf surface and cuticle thickness of the lower side in C. elata. Micro-PIXE and LEXRF elemental localization analysis show that all of these structures and tissues are encrusted by Si and/or by Ca. Reflectance spectra were significantly affected by the Ca concentrations, while Si and Mg concentrations and the Ca concentrations significantly affected transmittance spectra. High concentrations of Mg were detected in epidermal vacuoles of P. arundinacea, M. caerulea and D. cespitosa. Al co-localises with Si in the cuticle, epidermis and/or prickle hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Klančnik
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Kump
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Jezeršek
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alenka Gaberščik
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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129
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Mirza N, Taj G, Arora S, Kumar A. Transcriptional expression analysis of genes involved in regulation of calcium translocation and storage in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gartn.). Gene 2014; 550:171-9. [PMID: 25101868 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) variably accumulates calcium in different tissues, due to differential expression of genes involved in uptake, translocation and accumulation of calcium. Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter (CAX1), two pore channel (TPC1), CaM-stimulated type IIB Ca(2+) ATPase and two CaM dependent protein kinase (CaMK1 and 2) homologs were studied in finger millet. Two genotypes GP-45 and GP-1 (high and low calcium accumulating, respectively) were used to understand the role of these genes in differential calcium accumulation. For most of the genes higher expression was found in the high calcium accumulating genotype. CAX1 was strongly expressed in the late stages of spike development and could be responsible for accumulating high concentrations of calcium in seeds. TPC1 and Ca(2+) ATPase homologs recorded strong expression in the root, stem and developing spike and signify their role in calcium uptake and translocation, respectively. Calmodulin showed strong expression and a similar expression pattern to the type IIB ATPase in the developing spike only and indicating developing spike or even seed specific isoform of CaM affecting the activity of downstream target of calcium transportation. Interestingly, CaMK1 and CaMK2 had expression patterns similar to ATPase and TPC1 in various tissues raising a possibility of their respective regulation via CaM kinase. Expression pattern of 14-3-3 gene was observed to be similar to CAX1 gene in leaf and developing spike inferring a surprising possibility of CAX1 regulation through 14-3-3 protein. Our results provide a molecular insight for explaining the mechanism of calcium accumulation in finger millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelofar Mirza
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G B Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gohar Taj
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G B Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G B Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G B Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
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130
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Gupta DK, Chatterjee S, Datta S, Veer V, Walther C. Role of phosphate fertilizers in heavy metal uptake and detoxification of toxic metals. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 108:134-144. [PMID: 24560283 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As a nonrenewable resource, phosphorus (P) is the second most important macronutrient for plant growth and nutrition. Demand of phosphorus application in the agricultural production is increasing fast throughout the globe. The bioavailability of phosphorus is distinctively low due to its slow diffusion and high fixation in soils which make phosphorus a key limiting factor for crop production. Applications of phosphorus-based fertilizers improve the soil fertility and agriculture yield but at the same time concerns over a number of factors that lead to environmental damage need to be addressed properly. Phosphate rock mining leads to reallocation and exposure of several heavy metals and radionuclides in crop fields and water bodies throughout the world. Proper management of phosphorus along with its fertilizers is required that may help the maximum utilization by plants and minimum run-off and wastage. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria along with the root rhizosphere of plant integrated with root morphological and physiological adaptive strategies need to be explored further for utilization of this extremely valuable nonrenewable resource judiciously. The main objective of this review is to assess the role of phosphorus in fertilizers, their uptake along with other elements and signaling during P starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Gupta
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Herrenhäuser Str. 2, Gebäude 4113, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.
| | - S Chatterjee
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India
| | - S Datta
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India
| | - V Veer
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India
| | - C Walther
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Herrenhäuser Str. 2, Gebäude 4113, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
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131
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Willey NJ. Soil to plant transfer of radionuclides: predicting the fate of multiple radioisotopes in plants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 133:31-34. [PMID: 24011856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Predicting soil-to-plant transfer of radionuclides is restricted by the range of species for which concentration ratios (CRs) have been measured. Here the radioecological utility of meta-analyses of phylogenetic effects on alkali earth metals will be explored for applications such as 'gap-filling' of CRs, the identification of sentinel biomonitor plants and the selection of taxa for phytoremediation of radionuclide contaminated soils. REML modelling of extensive CR/concentration datasets shows that the concentrations in plants of Ca, Mg and Sr are significantly influenced by phylogeny. Phylogenetic effects of these elements are shown here to be similar. Ratios of Ca/Mg and Ca/Sr are known to be quite stable in plants so, assuming that Sr/Ra ratios are stable, phylogenetic effects and estimated mean CRs are used to predict Ra CRs for groups of plants with few measured data. Overall, there are well quantified plant variables that could contribute significantly to improving predictions of the fate radioisotopes in the soil-plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Willey
- Centre for Research in Bioscience, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
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132
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Graham NS, Hammond JP, Lysenko A, Mayes S, O Lochlainn S, Blasco B, Bowen HC, Rawlings CJ, Rios JJ, Welham S, Carion PWC, Dupuy LX, King GJ, White PJ, Broadley MR. Genetical and comparative genomics of Brassica under altered Ca supply identifies Arabidopsis Ca-transporter orthologs. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2818-30. [PMID: 25082855 PMCID: PMC4145116 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.128603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although Ca transport in plants is highly complex, the overexpression of vacuolar Ca(2+) transporters in crops is a promising new technology to improve dietary Ca supplies through biofortification. Here, we sought to identify novel targets for increasing plant Ca accumulation using genetical and comparative genomics. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping to 1895 cis- and 8015 trans-loci were identified in shoots of an inbred mapping population of Brassica rapa (IMB211 × R500); 23 cis- and 948 trans-eQTLs responded specifically to altered Ca supply. eQTLs were screened for functional significance using a large database of shoot Ca concentration phenotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. From 31 Arabidopsis gene identifiers tagged to robust shoot Ca concentration phenotypes, 21 mapped to 27 B. rapa eQTLs, including orthologs of the Ca(2+) transporters At-CAX1 and At-ACA8. Two of three independent missense mutants of BraA.cax1a, isolated previously by targeting induced local lesions in genomes, have allele-specific shoot Ca concentration phenotypes compared with their segregating wild types. BraA.CAX1a is a promising target for altering the Ca composition of Brassica, consistent with prior knowledge from Arabidopsis. We conclude that multiple-environment eQTL analysis of complex crop genomes combined with comparative genomics is a powerful technique for novel gene identification/prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil S Graham
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - John P Hammond
- School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | - Artem Lysenko
- Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Mayes
- Crops for the Future Research Centre, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Seosamh O Lochlainn
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Bego Blasco
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Helen C Bowen
- Warwick HRI, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne CV35 9EF, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J Rawlings
- Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Juan J Rios
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Welham
- Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre W C Carion
- Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lionel X Dupuy
- James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia
| | - Philip J White
- James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin R Broadley
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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Sulpice R, Ishihara H, Schlereth A, Cawthray GR, Encke B, Giavalisco P, Ivakov A, Arrivault S, Jost R, Krohn N, Kuo J, Laliberté E, Pearse SJ, Raven JA, Scheible WR, Teste F, Veneklaas EJ, Stitt M, Lambers H. Low levels of ribosomal RNA partly account for the very high photosynthetic phosphorus-use efficiency of Proteaceae species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1276-98. [PMID: 24895754 PMCID: PMC4260170 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Proteaceae species in south-western Australia occur on phosphorus- (P) impoverished soils. Their leaves contain very low P levels, but have relatively high rates of photosynthesis. We measured ribosomal RNA (rRNA) abundance, soluble protein, activities of several enzymes and glucose 6-phosphate (Glc6P) levels in expanding and mature leaves of six Proteaceae species in their natural habitat. The results were compared with those for Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared with A. thaliana, immature leaves of Proteaceae species contained very low levels of rRNA, especially plastidic rRNA. Proteaceae species showed slow development of the photosynthetic apparatus (‘delayed greening’), with young leaves having very low levels of chlorophyll and Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes. In mature leaves, soluble protein and Calvin-Benson cycle enzyme activities were low, but Glc6P levels were similar to those in A. thaliana. We propose that low ribosome abundance contributes to the high P efficiency of these Proteaceae species in three ways: (1) less P is invested in ribosomes; (2) the rate of growth and, hence, demand for P is low; and (3) the especially low plastidic ribosome abundance in young leaves delays formation of the photosynthetic machinery, spreading investment of P in rRNA. Although Calvin-Benson cycle enzyme activities are low, Glc6P levels are maintained, allowing their effective use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Sulpice
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
- * Present address: National University of Ireland, Galway, Plant
Systems Biology Lab, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre, Botany and Plant Science, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hirofumi Ishihara
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
- † These three authors are joint first authors
| | - Armin Schlereth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
- † These three authors are joint first authors
| | - Gregory R Cawthray
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Beatrice Encke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Alexander Ivakov
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - StÉphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Ricarda Jost
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Nicole Krohn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - John Kuo
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Etienne Laliberté
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Stuart J Pearse
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - John A Raven
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at JHI, James Hutton InstituteInvergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Wolf-rüdiger Scheible
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - François Teste
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Erik J Veneklaas
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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134
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Pottosin I, Dobrovinskaya O. Non-selective cation channels in plasma and vacuolar membranes and their contribution to K+ transport. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:732-42. [PMID: 24560436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Both in vacuolar and plasma membranes, in addition to truly K(+)-selective channels there is a variety of non-selective channels, which conduct K(+) and other ions with little preference. Many non-selective channels in the plasma membrane are active at depolarized potentials, thus, contributing to K(+) efflux rather than to K(+) uptake. They may play important roles in xylem loading or contribute to a K(+) leak, induced by salt or oxidative stress. Here, three currents, expressed in root cells, are considered: voltage-insensitive cation current, non-selective outwardly rectifying current, and low-selective conductance, activated by reactive oxygen species. The latter two do not only poorly discriminate between different cations (like K(+)vs Na(+)), but also conduct anions. Such solute channels may mediate massive electroneutral transport of salts and might be involved in osmotic adjustment or volume decrease, associated with cell death. In the tonoplast two major currents are mediated by SV (slow) and FV (fast) vacuolar channels, respectively, which are virtually impermeable for anions. SV channels conduct mono- and divalent cations indiscriminately and are activated by high cytosolic Ca(2+) and depolarized voltages. FV channels are inhibited by micromolar cytosolic Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and polyamines, and conduct a variety of monovalent cations, including K(+). Strikingly, both SV and FV channels sense the K(+) content of vacuoles, which modulates their voltage dependence, and in case of SV, also alleviates channel's inhibition by luminal Ca(2+). Therefore, SV and FV channels may operate as K(+)-sensing valves, controlling K(+) distribution between the vacuole and the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pottosin
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio 965, Villa de San Sebastián, 28045 Colima, Mexico.
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio 965, Villa de San Sebastián, 28045 Colima, Mexico
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135
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Wigoda N, Moshelion M, Moran N. Is the leaf bundle sheath a "smart flux valve" for K+ nutrition? JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:715-722. [PMID: 24629888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has started to accumulate that the bundle sheath regulates the passage of water, minerals and metabolites between the mesophyll and the conducting vessels of xylem and phloem within the leaf veins which it envelops. Although potassium (K(+)) nutrition has been studied for several decades, and much is known about the uptake and recirculation of K(+) within the plant, the potential regulatory role of bundle sheath with regard to K(+) fluxes has just begun to be addressed. Here we have collected some facts and ideas about these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Wigoda
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nava Moran
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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136
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Pottosin I, Shabala S. Polyamines control of cation transport across plant membranes: implications for ion homeostasis and abiotic stress signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:154. [PMID: 24795739 PMCID: PMC4006063 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are unique polycationic metabolites, controlling a variety of vital functions in plants, including growth and stress responses. Over the last two decades a bulk of data was accumulated providing explicit evidence that polyamines play an essential role in regulating plant membrane transport. The most straightforward example is a blockage of the two major vacuolar cation channels, namely slow (SV) and fast (FV) activating ones, by the micromolar concentrations of polyamines. This effect is direct and fully reversible, with a potency descending in a sequence Spm(4+) > Spd(3+) > Put(2+). On the contrary, effects of polyamines on the plasma membrane (PM) cation and K(+)-selective channels are hardly dependent on polyamine species, display a relatively low affinity, and are likely to be indirect. Polyamines also affect vacuolar and PM H(+) pumps and Ca(2+) pump of the PM. On the other hand, catabolization of polyamines generates H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydroxyl radicals. Export of polyamines to the apoplast and their oxidation there by available amine oxidases results in the induction of a novel ion conductance and confers Ca(2+) influx across the PM. This mechanism, initially established for plant responses to pathogen attack (including a hypersensitive response), has been recently shown to mediate plant responses to a variety of abiotic stresses. In this review we summarize the effects of polyamines and their catabolites on cation transport in plants and discuss the implications of these effects for ion homeostasis, signaling, and plant adaptive responses to environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pottosin
- Biomedical Centre, Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, University of ColimaColima, Mexico
- School of Land and Food, University of TasmaniaHobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of TasmaniaHobart, TAS, Australia
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137
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Hermans C, Conn SJ, Chen J, Xiao Q, Verbruggen N. An update on magnesium homeostasis mechanisms in plants. Metallomics 2014; 5:1170-83. [PMID: 23420558 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt20223b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, nearly two-thirds of the population do not consume the recommended amount of magnesium (Mg) in their diet. Furthermore, low Mg status (hypomagnesaemia) is known to contribute to a number of human chronic disease conditions. Because the principal dietary Mg source is of plant origin, agronomic and genetic biofortification strategies are aimed at improving nutritional Mg content in food crops to overcome this mineral deficiency in humans. This update incorporates the contributions of annotated permeases involved in Mg uptake, storage and recycling with a schematic model of Mg movement at the organ and cellular levels in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, approaches using mutagenesis or natural ionomic variation to identify loci involved in Mg homeostasis in roots, leaves and seeds will be summarised. A brief overview will be presented on how Arabidopsis research can help to develop strategies for biofortification of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hermans
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 242, Bd du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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138
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Zhao FJ, Moore KL, Lombi E, Zhu YG. Imaging element distribution and speciation in plant cells. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:183-92. [PMID: 24394523 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To maintain cellular homeostasis, concentrations, chemical speciation, and localization of mineral nutrients and toxic trace elements need to be regulated. Imaging the cellular and subcellular localization of elements and measuring their in situ chemical speciation are challenging tasks that can be undertaken using synchrotron-based techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption spectrometry, and mass spectrometry-based techniques, such as secondary ion mass spectrometry and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We review the advantages and limitations of these techniques, and discuss examples of their applications, which have revealed highly heterogeneous distribution patterns of elements in different cell types, often varying in chemical speciation. Combining these techniques with molecular genetic approaches can unravel functions of genes involved in element homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jie Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Katie L Moore
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Enzo Lombi
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia SA-5095, Australia
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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139
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Moore KL, Chen Y, van de Meene AML, Hughes L, Liu W, Geraki T, Mosselmans F, McGrath SP, Grovenor C, Zhao FJ. Combined NanoSIMS and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence reveal distinct cellular and subcellular distribution patterns of trace elements in rice tissues. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:104-115. [PMID: 24107000 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The cellular and subcellular distributions of trace elements can provide important clues to understanding how the elements are transported and stored in plant cells, but mapping their distributions is a challenging task. The distributions of arsenic, iron, zinc, manganese and copper, as well as physiologically related macro-elements, were mapped in the node, internode and leaf sheath of rice (Oryza sativa) using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (S-XRF) and high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). Although copper and silicon generally showed cell wall localization, arsenic, iron and zinc were strongly localized in the vacuoles of specific cell types. Arsenic was highly localized in the companion cell vacuoles of the phloem in all vascular bundles, showing a strong co-localization with sulfur, consistent with As(III)-thiol complexation. Within the node, zinc was localized in the vacuoles of the parenchyma cell bridge bordering the enlarged and diffuse vascular bundles, whereas iron and manganese were localized in the fundamental parenchyma cells, with iron being strongly co-localized with phosphorus in the vacuoles. The highly heterogeneous and contrasting distribution patterns of these elements imply different transport activities and/or storage capacities among different cell types. Sequestration of arsenic in companion cell vacuoles may explain the limited phloem mobility of arsenite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Moore
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Yi Chen
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Louise Hughes
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Wenju Liu
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Tina Geraki
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Fred Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | - Chris Grovenor
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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140
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Ovečka M, Takáč T. Managing heavy metal toxicity stress in plants: biological and biotechnological tools. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 32:73-86. [PMID: 24333465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of ion homeostasis in plant cells is a fundamental physiological requirement for sustainable plant growth, development and production. Plants exposed to high concentrations of heavy metals must respond in order to avoid the deleterious effects of heavy metal toxicity at the structural, physiological and molecular levels. Plant strategies for coping with heavy metal toxicity are genotype-specific and, at least to some extent, modulated by environmental conditions. There is considerable interest in the mechanisms underpinning plant metal tolerance, a complex process that enables plants to survive metal ion stress and adapt to maintain growth and development without exhibiting symptoms of toxicity. This review briefly summarizes some recent cell biological, molecular and proteomic findings concerning the responses of plant roots to heavy metal ions in the rhizosphere, metal ion-induced reactions at the cell wall-plasma membrane interface, and various aspects of heavy metal ion uptake and transport in plants via membrane transporters. The molecular and genetic approaches that are discussed are analyzed in the context of their potential practical applications in biotechnological approaches for engineering increased heavy metal tolerance in crops and other useful plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ovečka
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - T Takáč
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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141
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Brown SL, Warwick NWM, Prychid CJ. Does aridity influence the morphology, distribution and accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals in Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 73:219-28. [PMID: 24157700 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals are a common natural feature of many plant families, including the Leguminosae. The functional role of crystals and the mechanisms that underlie their deposition remain largely unresolved. In several species, the seasonal deposition of crystals has been observed. To gain insight into the effects of rainfall on crystal formation, the morphology, distribution and accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals in phyllodes of the leguminous Acacia sect. Juliflorae (Benth.) C. Moore & Betche from four climate zones along an aridity gradient, was investigated. The shapes of crystals, which include rare Rosanoffian morphologies, were constant between species from different climate zones, implying that morphology was not affected by rainfall. The distribution and accumulation of CaOx crystals, however, did appear to be climate-related. Distribution was primarily governed by vein density, an architectural trait which has evolved in higher plants in response to increasing aridity. Furthermore, crystals were more abundant in acacias from low rainfall areas, and in phyllodes containing high concentrations of calcium, suggesting that both aridity and soil calcium levels play important roles in the precipitation of CaOx. As crystal formation appears to be calcium-induced, we propose that CaOx crystals in Acacia most likely function in bulk calcium regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Brown
- Botany, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
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142
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Schönknecht G. Calcium Signals from the Vacuole. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 2:589-614. [PMID: 27137394 PMCID: PMC4844392 DOI: 10.3390/plants2040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The vacuole is by far the largest intracellular Ca(2+) store in most plant cells. Here, the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of vacuolar Ca(2+) release and Ca(2+) uptake is summarized, and how different vacuolar Ca(2+) channels and Ca(2+) pumps may contribute to Ca(2+) signaling in plant cells is discussed. To provide a phylogenetic perspective, the distribution of potential vacuolar Ca(2+) transporters is compared for different clades of photosynthetic eukaryotes. There are several candidates for vacuolar Ca(2+) channels that could elicit cytosolic [Ca(2+)] transients. Typical second messengers, such as InsP₃ and cADPR, seem to trigger vacuolar Ca(2+) release, but the molecular mechanism of this Ca(2+) release still awaits elucidation. Some vacuolar Ca(2+) channels have been identified on a molecular level, the voltage-dependent SV/TPC1 channel, and recently two cyclic-nucleotide-gated cation channels. However, their function in Ca(2+) signaling still has to be demonstrated. Ca(2+) pumps in addition to establishing long-term Ca(2+) homeostasis can shape cytosolic [Ca(2+)] transients by limiting their amplitude and duration, and may thus affect Ca(2+) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Schönknecht
- Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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143
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He J, Li H, Luo J, Ma C, Li S, Qu L, Gai Y, Jiang X, Janz D, Polle A, Tyree M, Luo ZB. A transcriptomic network underlies microstructural and physiological responses to cadmium in Populus x canescens. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:424-39. [PMID: 23530184 PMCID: PMC3641221 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.215681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bark tissue of Populus × canescens can hyperaccumulate cadmium, but microstructural, transcriptomic, and physiological response mechanisms are poorly understood. Histochemical assays, transmission electron microscopic observations, energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis, and transcriptomic and physiological analyses have been performed to enhance our understanding of cadmium accumulation and detoxification in P. × canescens. Cadmium was allocated to the phloem of the bark, and subcellular cadmium compartmentalization occurred mainly in vacuoles of phloem cells. Transcripts involved in microstructural alteration, changes in nutrition and primary metabolism, and stimulation of stress responses showed significantly differential expression in the bark of P. × canescens exposed to cadmium. About 48% of the differentially regulated transcripts formed a coregulation network in which 43 hub genes played a central role both in cross talk among distinct biological processes and in coordinating the transcriptomic regulation in the bark of P. × canescens in response to cadmium. The cadmium transcriptome in the bark of P. × canescens was mirrored by physiological readouts. Cadmium accumulation led to decreased total nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium and increased sulfur in the bark. Cadmium inhibited photosynthesis, resulting in decreased carbohydrate levels. Cadmium induced oxidative stress and antioxidants, including free proline, soluble phenolics, ascorbate, and thiol compounds. These results suggest that orchestrated microstructural, transcriptomic, and physiological regulation may sustain cadmium hyperaccumulation in P. × canescens bark and provide new insights into engineering woody plants for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jie Luo
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (J.H., J.L., C.M., S.L., Z.-B.L.), Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection (H.L.), and Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry (M.T., Z.-B.L.), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (L.Q., Y.G., X.J.); and
- Büsgen Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (D.J., A.P.)
| | - Chaofeng Ma
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (J.H., J.L., C.M., S.L., Z.-B.L.), Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection (H.L.), and Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry (M.T., Z.-B.L.), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (L.Q., Y.G., X.J.); and
- Büsgen Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (D.J., A.P.)
| | - Shaojun Li
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (J.H., J.L., C.M., S.L., Z.-B.L.), Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection (H.L.), and Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry (M.T., Z.-B.L.), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (L.Q., Y.G., X.J.); and
- Büsgen Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (D.J., A.P.)
| | - Long Qu
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (J.H., J.L., C.M., S.L., Z.-B.L.), Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection (H.L.), and Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry (M.T., Z.-B.L.), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (L.Q., Y.G., X.J.); and
- Büsgen Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (D.J., A.P.)
| | - Ying Gai
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (J.H., J.L., C.M., S.L., Z.-B.L.), Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection (H.L.), and Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry (M.T., Z.-B.L.), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (L.Q., Y.G., X.J.); and
- Büsgen Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (D.J., A.P.)
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (J.H., J.L., C.M., S.L., Z.-B.L.), Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection (H.L.), and Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry (M.T., Z.-B.L.), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (L.Q., Y.G., X.J.); and
- Büsgen Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (D.J., A.P.)
| | - Dennis Janz
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (J.H., J.L., C.M., S.L., Z.-B.L.), Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection (H.L.), and Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry (M.T., Z.-B.L.), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (L.Q., Y.G., X.J.); and
- Büsgen Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (D.J., A.P.)
| | - Andrea Polle
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (J.H., J.L., C.M., S.L., Z.-B.L.), Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection (H.L.), and Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry (M.T., Z.-B.L.), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (L.Q., Y.G., X.J.); and
- Büsgen Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (D.J., A.P.)
| | - Melvin Tyree
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (J.H., J.L., C.M., S.L., Z.-B.L.), Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection (H.L.), and Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry (M.T., Z.-B.L.), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (L.Q., Y.G., X.J.); and
- Büsgen Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (D.J., A.P.)
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144
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Abstract
Interrogating the cell-specific transcriptome forms an important component of understanding the role that specific cells play in assisting a plant to overcome abiotic stress. Among the challenges arising when extracting RNA from individual plant cells are: the isolation of pure cell populations; the small yield of material when isolating specific cell types, and ensuring an accurate representation of the transcriptome from each cell type after amplification of RNA. Here we describe two approaches for isolating RNA from specific cell types-single cell sampling and analysis (SiCSA) and laser capture microdissection. Isolated RNA can then be directly sampled qualitatively using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) or amplified for profiling -multiple specific genes using quantitative RT-PCR and genome-wide transcript analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Roy
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.
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145
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Parent SÉ, Parent LE, Egozcue JJ, Rozane DE, Hernandes A, Lapointe L, Hébert-Gentile V, Naess K, Marchand S, Lafond J, Mattos D, Barlow P, Natale W. The plant ionome revisited by the nutrient balance concept. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:39. [PMID: 23526060 PMCID: PMC3605521 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tissue analysis is commonly used in ecology and agronomy to portray plant nutrient signatures. Nutrient concentration data, or ionomes, belongs to the compositional data class, i.e., multivariate data that are proportions of some whole, hence carrying important numerical properties. Statistics computed across raw or ordinary log-transformed nutrient data are intrinsically biased, hence possibly leading to wrong inferences. Our objective was to present a sound and robust approach based on a novel nutrient balance concept to classify plant ionomes. We analyzed leaf N, P, K, Ca, and Mg of two wild and six domesticated fruit species from Canada, Brazil, and New Zealand sampled during reproductive stages. Nutrient concentrations were (1) analyzed without transformation, (2) ordinary log-transformed as commonly but incorrectly applied in practice, (3) additive log-ratio (alr) transformed as surrogate to stoichiometric rules, and (4) converted to isometric log-ratios (ilr) arranged as sound nutrient balance variables. Raw concentration and ordinary log transformation both led to biased multivariate analysis due to redundancy between interacting nutrients. The alr- and ilr-transformed data provided unbiased discriminant analyses of plant ionomes, where wild and domesticated species formed distinct groups and the ionomes of species and cultivars were differentiated without numerical bias. The ilr nutrient balance concept is preferable to alr, because the ilr technique projects the most important interactions between nutrients into a convenient Euclidean space. This novel numerical approach allows rectifying historical biases and supervising phenotypic plasticity in plant nutrition studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge-Étienne Parent
- Équipe de Recherche en Sols Agricoles et Miniers, Department of Soils and Agrifood Engineering, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Léon Etienne Parent
- Équipe de Recherche en Sols Agricoles et Miniers, Department of Soils and Agrifood Engineering, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Juan José Egozcue
- Department of Applied Mathematics III, Universitat Politècnica de CatalunyaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Danilo-Eduardo Rozane
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de RegistroSão Paulo, Brasil
| | - Amanda Hernandes
- Departamento de Solos e Adubos, Universidade Estadual PaulistaJaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Line Lapointe
- Centre d’Étude de la Forêt, Department of Biology, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Kristine Naess
- Centre de Recherches Les BuissonsPointe-aux-Outardes, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Marchand
- Équipe de Recherche en Sols Agricoles et Miniers, Department of Soils and Agrifood Engineering, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Lafond
- Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaNormandin, QC, Canada
| | - Dirceu Mattos
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira (IAC)Cordeirópolis, Säo Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - William Natale
- Departamento de Solos e Adubos, Universidade Estadual PaulistaJaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
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146
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Ion distribution measured by electron probe X-ray microanalysis in apoplastic and symplastic pathways in root cells in sunflower plants grown in saline medium. J Biosci 2013; 37:713-21. [PMID: 22922196 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-012-9246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how salinity affects ions distribution in root apoplast and symplast. Using x-ray microanalysis, ions distribution and the relative contribution of apoplastic and symplastic pathways for delivery of ions to root xylem were studied in sunflower plants exposed to moderate salinity (EC=6). Cortical cells provided a considerably extended Na(+) and Cl(-) storage facility. Their contents are greater in cytoplasm (root symplast) as compared to those in intercellular spaces (root apoplast). Hence, in this level of salinity, salt damage in sunflower is not dehydration due to extracellular accumulation of sodium and chloride ions, as suggested in the Oertli hypothesis. On the other hand, reduction in calcium content due to salinity in intercellular space is less than reduction in the cytoplasm of cortical cells. It seems that sodium inhibits the radial movement of calcium in symplastic pathway more than in the apoplastic pathway. The cell wall seems to have an important role in providing calcium for the apoplastic pathway. Redistribution of calcium from the cell wall to intercellular space is because of its tendency towards xylem through the apoplastic pathway. This might be a strategy to enhance loading of calcium to xylem elements and to reduce calcium deficiency in young leaves under salinity. This phenomenon may be able to increase salt tolerance in sunflower plants. Supplemental calcium has been found to be effective in reducing radial transport of Na(+) across the root cells and their loading into the xylem, but not sodium absorption. Supplemental calcium enhanced Ca(2+) uptake and influx into roots and transport to stele.
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147
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Conn SJ, Hocking B, Dayod M, Xu B, Athman A, Henderson S, Aukett L, Conn V, Shearer MK, Fuentes S, Tyerman SD, Gilliham M. Protocol: optimising hydroponic growth systems for nutritional and physiological analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana and other plants. PLANT METHODS 2013; 9:4. [PMID: 23379342 PMCID: PMC3610267 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-9-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroponic growth systems are a convenient platform for studying whole plant physiology. However, we found through trialling systems as they are described in the literature that our experiments were frequently confounded by factors that affected plant growth, including algal contamination and hypoxia. We also found the way in which the plants were grown made them poorly amenable to a number of common physiological assays. RESULTS The drivers for the development of this hydroponic system were: 1) the exclusion of light from the growth solution; 2) to simplify the handling of individual plants, and 3) the growth of the plant to allow easy implementation of multiple assays. These aims were all met by the use of pierced lids of black microcentrifuge tubes. Seed was germinated on a lid filled with an agar-containing germination media immersed in the same solution. Following germination, the liquid growth media was exchanged with the experimental solution, and after 14-21 days seedlings were transferred to larger tanks with aerated solution where they remained until experimentation. We provide details of the protocol including composition of the basal growth solution, and separate solutions with altered calcium, magnesium, potassium or sodium supply whilst maintaining the activity of the majority of other ions. We demonstrate the adaptability of this system for: gas exchange measurement on single leaves and whole plants; qRT-PCR to probe the transcriptional response of roots or shoots to altered nutrient composition in the growth solution (we demonstrate this using high and low calcium supply); producing highly competent mesophyll protoplasts; and, accelerating the screening of Arabidopsis transformants. This system is also ideal for manipulating plants for micropipette techniques such as electrophysiology or SiCSA. CONCLUSIONS We present an optimised plant hydroponic culture system that can be quickly and cheaply constructed, and produces plants with similar growth kinetics to soil-grown plants, but with the advantage of being a versatile platform for a myriad of physiological and molecular biological measurements on all plant tissues at all developmental stages. We present 'tips and tricks' for the easy adoption of this hydroponic culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Conn
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine and The Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Bradleigh Hocking
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine and The Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Maclin Dayod
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine and The Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine and The Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Asmini Athman
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine and The Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Sam Henderson
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine and The Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Lucy Aukett
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine and The Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Vanessa Conn
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine and The Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Monique K Shearer
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine and The Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Sigfredo Fuentes
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine and The Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine and The Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine and The Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
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148
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Kehr J. Systemic regulation of mineral homeostasis by micro RNAs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:145. [PMID: 23720667 PMCID: PMC3655319 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants frequently have to cope with environments with sub-optimal mineral nutrient availability. Therefore they need to constantly sense changes of ion concentrations in their environment. Nutrient availabilities and needs have to be tightly coordinated between organs to ensure a balance between uptake and demand for metabolism, growth, reproduction, and defense reactions. To this end information about the nutrient status has to flow from cell-to-cell, but also between distant organs via the long-distance transport tubes to trigger adaptive responses. This systemic signaling between roots and shoots is required to maintain mineral nutrient homeostasis in the different organs under varying environmental conditions. Recent results begin to shed light on the molecular components of the complex long-distance signaling pathways and it has been proposed that systemic signals can be transported through the xylem as well as via the phloem. Several molecules, including nutrients, hormones, sugars, and small RNAs have been suggested to be involved in systemic communication over long distance (Liu et al., 2009). Recent research has shown that in the case of mineral nutrients, the nutrients themselves, but also macromolecules like micro RNAs (miRNAs) can act as important information transmitters. The following review will summarize the current knowledge about phloem-mediated systemic signaling by miRNAs during ion nutrient allocation and adaptation to mineral nutrient deprivation, concentrating on the well-analyzed responses to a lack of potassium, sulfur, and copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kehr
- *Correspondence: Julia Kehr, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Molecular Plant Genetics, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorstrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany.
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149
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Leszczyszyn OI, Imam HT, Blindauer CA. Diversity and distribution of plant metallothioneins: a review of structure, properties and functions. Metallomics 2013; 5:1146-69. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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150
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Al-Shalabi Z, Doran PM. Metal uptake and nanoparticle synthesis in hairy root cultures. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 134:135-53. [PMID: 23463360 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
: Hairy roots are a convenient experimental tool for investigating the interactions between plant cells and metal ions. Hairy roots of species capable of hyperaccumulating Cd and Ni have been applied to investigate heavy metal tolerance in plants; hairy roots of nonhyperaccumulator species have also been employed in metal uptake studies. Furnace treatment of hairy root biomass containing high concentrations of Ni has been used to generate Ni-rich bio-ore suitable for metal recovery in phytomining applications. Hairy roots also have potential for biological synthesis of quantum dot nanocrystals. As plant cells intrinsically provide the confined spaces needed to limit the size of nanocrystals, hairy roots cultured in bioreactors under controlled conditions are a promising vehicle for the manufacture of peptide-capped semiconductor quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahwa Al-Shalabi
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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