101
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Albrecht PJ, Houk G, Ruggiero E, Dockum M, Czerwinski M, Betts J, Wymer JP, Argoff CE, Rice FL. Keratinocyte Biomarkers Distinguish Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Patients and Correlate With Topical Lidocaine Responsiveness. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:790524. [PMID: 35295428 PMCID: PMC8915676 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.790524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated quantifiable measures of cutaneous innervation and algesic keratinocyte biomarkers to determine correlations with clinical measures of patient pain perception, with the intent to better discriminate between diabetic patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) compared to patients with low-pain diabetic peripheral neuropathy (lpDPN) or healthy control subjects. A secondary objective was to determine if topical treatment with a 5% lidocaine patch resulted in correlative changes among the quantifiable biomarkers and clinical measures of pain perception, indicative of potential PDPN pain relief. This open-label proof-of-principle clinical research study consisted of a pre-treatment skin biopsy, a 4-week topical 5% lidocaine patch treatment regimen for all patients and controls, and a post-treatment skin biopsy. Clinical measures of pain and functional interference were used to monitor patient symptoms and response for correlation with quantitative skin biopsy biomarkers of innervation (PGP9.5 and CGRP), and epidermal keratinocyte biomarkers (Nav1.6, Nav1.7, CGRP). Importantly, comparable significant losses of epidermal neural innervation (intraepidermal nerve fibers; IENF) and dermal innervation were observed among PDPN and lpDPN patients compared with control subjects, indicating that innervation loss alone may not be the driver of pain in diabetic neuropathy. In pre-treatment biopsies, keratinocyte Nav1.6, Nav1.7, and CGRP immunolabeling were all significantly increased among PDPN patients compared with control subjects. Importantly, no keratinocyte biomarkers were significantly increased among the lpDPN group compared with control. In post-treatment biopsies, the keratinocyte Nav1.6, Nav1.7, and CGRP immunolabeling intensities were no longer different between control, lpDPN, or PDPN cohorts, indicating that lidocaine treatment modified the PDPN-related keratinocyte increases. Analysis of the PDPN responder population demonstrated that increased pretreatment keratinocyte biomarker immunolabeling for Nav1.6, Nav1.7, and CGRP correlated with positive outcomes to topical lidocaine treatment. Epidermal keratinocytes modulate the signaling of IENF, and several analgesic and algesic signaling systems have been identified. These results further implicate epidermal signaling mechanisms as modulators of neuropathic pain conditions, highlight a novel potential mode of action for topical treatments, and demonstrate the utility of comprehensive skin biopsy evaluation to identify novel biomarkers in clinical pain studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J. Albrecht
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Group, Integrated Tissue Dynamics, LLC, Rensselaer, NY, United States
- Division of Health Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Phillip J. Albrecht
| | - George Houk
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Group, Integrated Tissue Dynamics, LLC, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Ruggiero
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Group, Integrated Tissue Dynamics, LLC, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Marilyn Dockum
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Group, Integrated Tissue Dynamics, LLC, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | | | - Joseph Betts
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Group, Integrated Tissue Dynamics, LLC, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - James P. Wymer
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Charles E. Argoff
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Frank L. Rice
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Group, Integrated Tissue Dynamics, LLC, Rensselaer, NY, United States
- Division of Health Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
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102
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Eze SC, Chinedu-Eze VC, Awa HO, Alharthi RHE. Factors stimulating value micro-businesses attribute to digital marketing technology (DMT) adoption. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260145. [PMID: 34855805 PMCID: PMC8638917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Most micro-business managers in Nigeria do not see the adoption of digital marketing technology (DMT) as vital for business. Many consider it as a precondition to support managerial or operational activities, not as a tactical and/or strategic tool. Although most studies focused on large organisations, the outcome of such research may not be appropriate to micro-businesses. This is informed by the negligence of micro-businesses’ idiosyncrasies and their thought of digitalization as a precondition for managerial activities without considering the value small businesses attached to these devices in terms of aiding the use as strategic tools. This renders micro-businesses’ digitalization an under-reflected phenomenon. Yet, studies spend less on examining the factors that specifically stimulate the value micro-businesses attach to these applications, leading to constant adoption and usage. Hence, there is a need for a thorough exploration of the factors that shape the value of digital marketing applications in micro-businesses in Nigeria. The study is qualitative in nature and interviews (unstructured and semi-structured) were carried out with 26 micro-businesses which was drawn purposefully from the online database and underpinned by Technology, Organisation and Environment (TOE) framework. The study revealed eleven (11) critical success factors stimulating value micro-businesses attribute to digital marketing technology (DMT) adoption. These factors include long-term functional capacity, integration capacity, expansion capacity which are related to technology context. Collective capability, collaborative experience are linked to the organisation context while adaptive training, service delivery, customer fulfilment are linked to environmental context. The study also unveiled expectancy context which is linked to budget, growth and profitability and aid in the extension of the TOE framework. This study will be of importance to academics and practitioners because it provides further awareness into DMT adoption framework, factors critical to the DMT adoption and may assist in reducing the number of resources spent in search of information aimed at helping DMT adoption by micro-businesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday C. Eze
- Department of Business Studies, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Vera C. Chinedu-Eze
- Department of Agric Business, Michael Okpara, University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Hart O. Awa
- Department of Marketing, University of Port-Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Rami Hashem E. Alharthi
- Department of Financial and Administrative Sciences, Ranyah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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103
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Stucky CL, Mikesell AR. Cutaneous pain in disorders affecting peripheral nerves. Neurosci Lett 2021; 765:136233. [PMID: 34506882 PMCID: PMC8579816 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to quickly detect and respond to harmful environmental stimuli is vital for our safety and survival. This inherent acute pain detection is a "gift" because it both protects our body from harm and allows healing of damaged tissues [1]. Damage to tissues from trauma or disease can result in distorted or amplified nociceptor signaling and sensitization of the spinal cord and brain (Central Nervous System; CNS) pathways to normal input from light touch mechanoreceptors. Together, these processes can result in nagging to unbearable chronic pain and extreme sensitivity to light skin touch (allodynia). Unlike acute protective pain, chronic pain and allodynia serve no useful purpose and can severely reduce the quality of life of an affected person. Chronic pain can arise from impairment to peripheral neurons, a phenomenon called "peripheral neuropathic pain." Peripheral neuropathic pain can be caused by many insults that directly affect peripheral sensory neurons, including mechanical trauma, metabolic imbalance (e.g., diabetes), autoimmune diseases, chemotherapeutic agents, viral infections (e.g., shingles). These insults cause "acquired" neuropathies such as small-fiber neuropathies, diabetic neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, and post herpetic neuralgia. Peripheral neuropathic pain can also be caused by genetic factors and result in hereditary neuropathies that include Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, rare channelopathies and Fabry disease. Many acquired and hereditary neuropathies affect the skin, our largest organ and protector of nearly our entire body. Here we review how cutaneous nociception (pain perceived from the skin) is altered following diseases that affect peripheral nerves that innervate the skin. We provide an overview of how noxious stimuli are detected and encoded by molecular transducers on subtypes of cutaneous afferent endings and conveyed to the CNS. Next, we discuss several acquired and hereditary diseases and disorders that cause painful or insensate (lack of sensation) cutaneous peripheral neuropathies, the symptoms and percepts patients experience, and how cutaneous afferents and other peripheral cell types are altered in function in these disorders. We highlight exciting new research areas that implicate non-neuronal skin cells, particularly keratinocytes, in cutaneous nociception and peripheral neuropathies. Finally, we conclude with ideas for innovative new directions, areas of unmet need, and potential opportunities for novel cutaneous therapeutics that may avoid CNS side effects, as well as ideas for improved translation of mechanisms identified in preclinical models to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
| | - Alexander R Mikesell
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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104
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Danilov GV, Shifrin MA, Kotik KV, Ishankulov TA, Orlov YN, Kulikov AS, Potapov AA. Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Neurosurgery: a Systematic Literature Review Using Topic Modeling. Part II: Research Objectives and Perspectives. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 12:111-118. [PMID: 34796024 PMCID: PMC8596229 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.6.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current increase in the number of publications on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in neurosurgery indicates a new trend in clinical neuroscience. The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic literature review to highlight the main directions and trends in the use of AI in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Danilov
- Scientific Board Secretary; N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4 Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow, 125047, Russia; Head of the Laboratory of Biomedical Informatics and Artificial Intelligence; N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4 Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - M A Shifrin
- Scientific Consultant, Laboratory of Biomedical Informatics and Artificial Intelligence; N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4 Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - K V Kotik
- Physics Engineer, Laboratory of Biomedical Informatics and Artificial Intelligence; N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4 Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - T A Ishankulov
- Engineer, Laboratory of Biomedical Informatics and Artificial Intelligence; N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4 Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Yu N Orlov
- Head of the Department of Computational Physics and Kinetic Equations; Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - A S Kulikov
- Staff Anesthesiologist; N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4 Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - A A Potapov
- Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Scientific Supervisor N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4 Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow, 125047, Russia
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105
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Considerations for a Reliable In Vitro Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9110300. [PMID: 34822690 PMCID: PMC8620674 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is widely recognized as a potentially severe toxicity that often leads to dose reduction or discontinuation of cancer treatment. Symptoms may persist despite discontinuation of chemotherapy and quality of life can be severely compromised. The clinical symptoms of CIPN, and the cellular and molecular targets involved in CIPN, are just as diverse as the wide variety of anticancer agents that cause peripheral neurotoxicity. There is an urgent need for extensive molecular and functional investigations aimed at understanding the mechanisms of CIPN. Furthermore, a reliable human cell culture system that recapitulates the diversity of neuronal modalities found in vivo and the pathophysiological changes that underlie CIPN would serve to advance the understanding of the pathogenesis of CIPN. The demonstration of experimental reproducibility in a human peripheral neuronal cell system will increase confidence that such an in vitro model is clinically useful, ultimately resulting in deeper exploration for the prevention and treatment of CIPN. Herein, we review current in vitro models with a focus on key characteristics and attributes desirable for an ideal human cell culture model relevant for CIPN investigations.
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106
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Mercer Lindsay N, Chen C, Gilam G, Mackey S, Scherrer G. Brain circuits for pain and its treatment. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabj7360. [PMID: 34757810 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj7360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mercer Lindsay
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Biology, CNC Program, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gadi Gilam
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sean Mackey
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Grégory Scherrer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,New York Stem Cell Foundation-Robertson Investigator, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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107
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Islam B, Stephenson J, Young B, Manca M, Buckley DA, Radford H, Zis P, Johnson MI, Finn DP, McHugh PC. The Identification of Blood Biomarkers of Chronic Neuropathic Pain by Comparative Transcriptomics. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 24:320-338. [PMID: 34741226 PMCID: PMC9402512 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we recruited 50 chronic pain (neuropathic and nociceptive) and 43 pain-free controls to identify specific blood biomarkers of chronic neuropathic pain (CNP). Affymetrix microarray was carried out on a subset of samples selected 10 CNP and 10 pain-free control participants. The most significant genes were cross-validated using the entire dataset by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In comparative analysis of controls and CNP patients, WLS (P = 4.80 × 10–7), CHPT1 (P = 7.74 × 10–7) and CASP5 (P = 2.30 × 10–5) were highly significant, whilst FGFBP2 (P = 0.00162), STAT1 (P = 0.00223), FCRL6 (P = 0.00335), MYC (P = 0.00335), XCL2 (P = 0.0144) and GZMA (P = 0.0168) were significant in all CNP patients. A three-arm comparative analysis was also carried out with control as the reference group and CNP samples differentiated into two groups of high and low S-LANSS score using a cut-off of 12. STAT1, XCL2 and GZMA were not significant but KIR3DL2 (P = 0.00838), SH2D1B (P = 0.00295) and CXCR31 (P = 0.0136) were significant in CNP high S-LANSS group (S-LANSS score > 12), along with WLS (P = 8.40 × 10–5), CHPT1 (P = 7.89 × 10–4), CASP5 (P = 0.00393), FGFBP2 (P = 8.70 × 10–4) and FCRL6 (P = 0.00199), suggesting involvement of immune pathways in CNP mechanisms. None of the genes was significant in CNP samples with low (< 12) S-LANSS score. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) analysis showed that combination of MYC, STAT1, TLR4, CASP5 and WLS gene expression could be potentially used as a biomarker signature of CNP (AUROC − 0.852, (0.773, 0.931 95% CI)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barira Islam
- Centre for Biomarker Research, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.,School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - John Stephenson
- Centre for Biomarker Research, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.,School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Bethan Young
- Centre for Biomarker Research, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.,School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Maurizio Manca
- Centre for Biomarker Research, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.,School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - David A Buckley
- Centre for Biomarker Research, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.,School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | | | | | - Mark I Johnson
- Centre for Pain Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Galway, Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Patrick C McHugh
- Centre for Biomarker Research, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK. .,School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
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108
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Zeidler M, Kummer KK, Schöpf CL, Kalpachidou T, Kern G, Cader MZ, Kress M. NOCICEPTRA: Gene and microRNA Signatures and Their Trajectories Characterizing Human iPSC-Derived Nociceptor Maturation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102354. [PMID: 34486248 PMCID: PMC8564443 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nociceptors are primary afferent neurons serving the reception of acute pain but also the transit into maladaptive pain disorders. Since native human nociceptors are hardly available for mechanistic functional research, and rodent models do not necessarily mirror human pathologies in all aspects, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived nociceptors (iDN) offer superior advantages as a human model system. Unbiased mRNA::microRNA co-sequencing, immunofluorescence staining, and qPCR validations, reveal expression trajectories as well as miRNA target spaces throughout the transition of pluripotent cells into iDNs. mRNA and miRNA candidates emerge as regulatory hubs for neurite outgrowth, synapse development, and ion channel expression. The exploratory data analysis tool NOCICEPTRA is provided as a containerized platform to retrieve experimentally determined expression trajectories, and to query custom gene sets for pathway and disease enrichments. Querying NOCICEPTRA for marker genes of cortical neurogenesis reveals distinct similarities and differences for cortical and peripheral neurons. The platform provides a public domain neuroresource to exploit the entire data sets and explore miRNA and mRNA as hubs regulating human nociceptor differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Zeidler
- Institute of PhysiologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck6020Austria
| | - Kai K. Kummer
- Institute of PhysiologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck6020Austria
| | - Clemens L. Schöpf
- Institute of PhysiologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck6020Austria
| | | | - Georg Kern
- Institute of PhysiologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck6020Austria
| | - M. Zameel Cader
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 9DSUK
| | - Michaela Kress
- Institute of PhysiologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck6020Austria
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109
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Muchhala KH, Jacob JC, Kang M, Dewey WL, Akbarali HI. The Guts of the Opioid Crisis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:315-323. [PMID: 34431418 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00014.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional interactions of the gut epithelium with commensal bacteria are critical for maintaining homeostasis within the gut. Chronic opioid exposure perturbs gut homeostasis through a multitude of neuro-immune-epithelial mechanisms, resulting in the development of analgesic tolerance, a major underpinning of the current opioid crisis. Differences in molecular mechanisms of opioid tolerance between the enteric and central pain pathways pose a significant challenge for managing chronic pain without untoward gastrointestinal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan H Muchhala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Joanna C Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Minho Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - William L Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hamid I Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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110
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Spinal cord injury in mice impacts central and peripheral pathology in a severity-dependent manner. Pain 2021; 163:1172-1185. [PMID: 34490852 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic pain is a common medical complication experienced by those living with spinal cord injury (SCI) and leads to worsened quality of life. The pathophysiology of SCI pain is poorly understood, hampering the development of safe and efficacious therapeutics. We therefore sought to develop a clinically relevant model of SCI with a strong pain phenotype and characterize the central and peripheral pathology after injury. A contusion (50 kdyn) injury, with and without sustained compression (60 seconds) of the spinal cord, was carried out on female C57BL/6J mice. Mice with compression of the spinal cord exhibited significantly greater heat and mechanical hypersensitivity starting at 7 days post-injury, concomitant with reduced locomotor function, compared to those without compression. Immunohistochemical analysis of spinal cord tissue revealed significantly less myelin sparing and increased macrophage activation in mice with compression compared to those without. As measured by flow cytometry, immune cell infiltration and activation were significantly greater in the spinal cord (phagocytic myeloid cells and microglia) and dorsal root ganglia (Ly6C+ monocytes) following compression injury. We also decided to investigate the gastrointestinal microbiome, as it has been shown to be altered in SCI patients and has recently been shown to play a role in immune system maturation and pain. We found increased dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiome in an injury severity-dependent manner. The use of this contusion-compression model of SCI may help advance the preclinical assessment of acute and chronic SCI pain and lead to a better understanding of mechanisms contributing to this pain.
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111
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Westlund K, Montera M, Goins A, Alles S, Afaghpour-Becklund M, Bartel R, Durvasula R, Kunamneni A. Single-chain Fragment variable antibody targeting cholecystokinin-B receptor for pain reduction. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2021; 10:100067. [PMID: 34458647 PMCID: PMC8378781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2021.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The cholecystokinin B receptor and its neuropeptide ligand are upregulated in chronic neuropathic pain models. Single-chain Fragment variable antibodies were generated as preferred non-opioid targeting therapy blocking the cholecystokinin B receptor to inhibit chronic neuropathic pain models in vivo and in vitro. Engineered antibodies of this type feature binding activity similar to monoclonal antibodies but with stronger affinity and increased tissue penetrability due to their smaller size. More importantly, single-chain Fragment variable antibodies have promising biotherapeutic applications for both nervous and immune systems, now recognized as interactive in chronic pain. A mouse single-chain Fragment variable antibody library recognizing a fifteen amino acid extracellular peptide fragment of the cholecystokinin B receptor was generated from immunized spleens. Ribosome display, a powerful cell-free technology, was applied for recombinant antibody selection. Antibodies with higher affinity, stability, solubility, and binding specificity for cholecystokinin B not A receptor were selected and optimized for in vivo and in vitro efficacy. A single dose of the lead candidate reduced mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in two rodent models of neuropathic pain for at least seven weeks. Continuing efficacy was evident with either intraperitoneal or intranasal dosing. Likewise, the lead single-chain Fragment variable antibody totally prevented development of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and cognitive deficits typical in the models. Reduction of neuronal firing frequency was evident in trigeminal ganglia primary neuronal cultures treated in vitro with the cholecystokinin B receptor antibody. Immunofluorescent staining intensity in the trigeminal neuron primary cultures was significantly reduced incrementally after overnight binding with increasingly higher dilutions of the single-chain Fragment variable antibody. While it is reported that single-chain Fragment variable antibodies are removed systemically within 2-6 h, Western blot evidence indicates the His-tag marker remained after 7 weeks in the trigeminal ganglia and in the dorsolateral medulla, providing evidence of brain and ganglia penetrance known to be compromised in overactivated states. This project showcases the in vivo efficacy of our lead single-chain Fragment variable antibody indicating its potential for development as a non-opioid, non-addictive therapeutic intervention for chronic pain. Importantly, studies by others have indicated treatments with cholecystokinin B receptor antagonists suppress maintenance and reactivation of morphine dependence in place preference tests while lowering tolerance and dose requirements. Our future studies remain to address these potential benefits that may accompany the cholecystokinin B receptor biological therapy. Both chronic sciatic and orofacial pain can be unrelenting and excruciating, reducing quality of life as well as diminishing physical and mental function. An effective non-opiate, non-addictive therapy with potential to significantly reduce chronic neuropathic pain long term is greatly needed.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- ARM, antibody ribosome mRNA
- Anxiety
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- CCK-8, cholecystokinin octapeptide
- CCK-BR, cholecystokinin B receptor
- CPP, conditioned place preference
- Chronic pain
- DRG, dorsal root ganglia
- Depression
- Eukaryotic ribosome display
- FRICT-ION, foramen rotundum inflammatory compression trigeminal infraorbital nerve model
- GPCR, G-protein-coupled receptor
- IACUC, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
- ION, infraorbital nerve
- MΩ, megaOhms
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- TG, trigeminal ganglia
- ms, milliseconds
- pA, picoAmps
- scFv
- scFv, single-chain Fragment variable antibody
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Affiliation(s)
- K.N. Westlund
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of
New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106-0001, USA
- Biomedical Laboratory Research & Development (121F), New Mexico VA
Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - M.A. Montera
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of
New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106-0001, USA
| | - A.E. Goins
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of
New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106-0001, USA
| | - S.R.A. Alles
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of
New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106-0001, USA
| | - M. Afaghpour-Becklund
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of
New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106-0001, USA
| | - R. Bartel
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of
New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106-0001, USA
| | - R. Durvasula
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo
Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
60153-3328, USA
| | - A. Kunamneni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo
Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
60153-3328, USA
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112
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Chrysostomidou L, Cooper AH, Weir GA. Cellular models of pain: New technologies and their potential to progress preclinical research. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2021; 10:100063. [PMID: 34977426 PMCID: PMC8683679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2021.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human sensory neurons can reduce the translational gap in analgesic development. Access to dorsal root ganglion (hDRG) neurons is increasing. Diverse sensory neuron subtypes can now be generated via stem cell technology. Advances of these technologies will improve our understanding of human nociception.
In vitro models fill a vital niche in preclinical pain research, allowing detailed study of molecular pathways, and in the case of humanised systems, providing a translational bridge between in vivo animal models and human patients. Significant advances in cellular technology available to basic pain researchers have occurred in the last decade, including developing protocols to differentiate sensory neuron-like cells from stem cells and greater access to human dorsal root ganglion tissue. In this review, we discuss the use of both models in preclinical pain research: What can a human sensory neuron in a dish tell us that rodent in vivo models cannot? How similar are these models to their endogenous counterparts, and how should we judge them? What limitations do we need to consider? How can we leverage cell models to improve translational success? In vitro human sensory neuron models equip pain researchers with a valuable tool to investigate human nociception. With continual development, consideration for their advantages and limitations, and effective integration with other experimental strategies, they could become a driving force for the pain field's advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chrysostomidou
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew H Cooper
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Greg A Weir
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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113
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Xia LP, Luo H, Ma Q, Xie YK, Li W, Hu H, Xu ZZ. GPR151 in nociceptors modulates neuropathic pain via regulating P2X3 function and microglial activation. Brain 2021; 144:3405-3420. [PMID: 34244727 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a major health problem that affects up to 7-10% of the population worldwide. Currently, neuropathic pain is difficult to treat due to its elusive mechanisms. Here we report that orphan G protein-coupled receptor 151 (GPR151) in nociceptive sensory neurons controls neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury. GPR151 was mainly expressed in nonpeptidergic C-fiber dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and highly upregulated after nerve injury. Importantly, conditional knockout of Gpr151 in adult nociceptive sensory neurons significantly alleviated chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain-like behavior but did not affect basal nociception. Moreover, GPR151 in DRG neurons was required for CCI-induced neuronal hyperexcitability and upregulation of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), which is necessary for microglial activation in the spinal cord after nerve injury. Mechanistically, GPR151 coupled with P2X3 ion channels and promoted their functional activities in neuropathic pain-like hypersensitivity. Knockout of Gpr151 suppressed P2X3-mediated calcium elevation and spontaneous pain behavior in CCI mice. Conversely, overexpression of Gpr151 significantly enhanced P2X3-mediated calcium elevation and DRG neuronal excitability. Furthermore, knockdown of P2X3 in DRGs reversed CCI-induced CSF1 upregulation, spinal microglial activation, and neuropathic pain-like behavior. Finally, the co-expression of GPR151 and P2X3 was confirmed in small-diameter human DRG neurons, indicating the clinical relevance of our findings. Together, our results suggest that GPR151 in nociceptive DRG neurons plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and could be a potential target for treating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Xia
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Anesthesiology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Anesthesiology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Anesthesiology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ya-Kai Xie
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Anesthesiology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Anesthesiology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hailan Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Anesthesiology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Anesthesiology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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114
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Abstract
Pain is an immense clinical and societal challenge, and the key to understanding and treating it is variability. Robust interindividual differences are consistently observed in pain sensitivity, susceptibility to developing painful disorders, and response to analgesic manipulations. This review examines the causes of this variability, including both organismic and environmental sources. Chronic pain development is a textbook example of a gene-environment interaction, requiring both chance initiating events (e.g., trauma, infection) and more immutable risk factors. The focus is on genetic factors, since twin studies have determined that a plurality of the variance likely derives from inherited genetic variants, but sex, age, ethnicity, personality variables, and environmental factors are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Mogil
- Departments of Psychology and Anesthesia, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada;
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115
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Middleton SJ, Barry AM, Comini M, Li Y, Ray PR, Shiers S, Themistocleous AC, Uhelski ML, Yang X, Dougherty PM, Price TJ, Bennett DL. Studying human nociceptors: from fundamentals to clinic. Brain 2021; 144:1312-1335. [PMID: 34128530 PMCID: PMC8219361 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain affects one in five of the general population and is the third most important cause of disability-adjusted life-years globally. Unfortunately, treatment remains inadequate due to poor efficacy and tolerability. There has been a failure in translating promising preclinical drug targets into clinic use. This reflects challenges across the whole drug development pathway, from preclinical models to trial design. Nociceptors remain an attractive therapeutic target: their sensitization makes an important contribution to many chronic pain states, they are located outside the blood-brain barrier, and they are relatively specific. The past decade has seen significant advances in the techniques available to study human nociceptors, including: the use of corneal confocal microscopy and biopsy samples to observe nociceptor morphology, the culture of human nociceptors (either from surgical or post-mortem tissue or using human induced pluripotent stem cell derived nociceptors), the application of high throughput technologies such as transcriptomics, the in vitro and in vivo electrophysiological characterization through microneurography, and the correlation with pain percepts provided by quantitative sensory testing. Genome editing in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived nociceptors enables the interrogation of the causal role of genes in the regulation of nociceptor function. Both human and rodent nociceptors are more heterogeneous at a molecular level than previously appreciated, and while we find that there are broad similarities between human and rodent nociceptors there are also important differences involving ion channel function, expression, and cellular excitability. These technological advances have emphasized the maladaptive plastic changes occurring in human nociceptors following injury that contribute to chronic pain. Studying human nociceptors has revealed new therapeutic targets for the suppression of chronic pain and enhanced repair. Cellular models of human nociceptors have enabled the screening of small molecule and gene therapy approaches on nociceptor function, and in some cases have enabled correlation with clinical outcomes. Undoubtedly, challenges remain. Many of these techniques are difficult to implement at scale, current induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocols do not generate the full diversity of nociceptor populations, and we still have a relatively poor understanding of inter-individual variation in nociceptors due to factors such as age, sex, or ethnicity. We hope our ability to directly investigate human nociceptors will not only aid our understanding of the fundamental neurobiology underlying acute and chronic pain but also help bridge the translational gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Middleton
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Allison M Barry
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Maddalena Comini
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pradipta R Ray
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Andreas C Themistocleous
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Megan L Uhelski
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xun Yang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Patrick M Dougherty
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Theodore J Price
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - David L Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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116
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Renthal W, Chamessian A, Curatolo M, Davidson S, Burton M, Dib-Hajj S, Dougherty PM, Ebert AD, Gereau RW, Ghetti A, Gold MS, Hoben G, Menichella DM, Mercier P, Ray WZ, Salvemini D, Seal RP, Waxman S, Woolf CJ, Stucky CL, Price TJ. Human cells and networks of pain: Transforming pain target identification and therapeutic development. Neuron 2021; 109:1426-1429. [PMID: 33957072 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a disabling disease with limited treatment options. While animal models have revealed important aspects of pain neurobiology, therapeutic translation of this knowledge requires our understanding of these cells and networks of pain in humans. We propose a multi-institutional collaboration to rigorously and ethically address this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Renthal
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Alexander Chamessian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michele Curatolo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, CLEAR Center for Musculoskeletal Disorder, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Steve Davidson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Michael Burton
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Sulayman Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center for Rehabilitation Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Patrick M Dougherty
- Department of Pain Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 78712, USA
| | - Allison D Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Robert W Gereau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Michael S Gold
- Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Hoben
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Daniela Maria Menichella
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Philippe Mercier
- Department of Neurosurgery and Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63117, USA
| | - Wilson Z Ray
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Rebecca P Seal
- Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Stephen Waxman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center for Rehabilitation Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cheryl L Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Theodore J Price
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
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117
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Chen L, Zheng J, Yang Z, Chen W, Wang Y, Wei P. Identification of key candidate genes in local dorsal root ganglion inflammation by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:821. [PMID: 34131444 PMCID: PMC8193217 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to identify potential markers of local dorsal root ganglion (DRG) inflammation to aid diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation of DRG pain. A localized inflammation of the DRG (LID) rat model was used to study the contribution of inflammation to pain. The dataset GSE38859 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Pre-treatment standardization of gene expression data for each experiment was performed using the R/Bioconductor Limma package. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between a LID model and a sham surgery control group. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses of DEGs and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were carried out using the ‘clusterProfiler’ package in R. Using the Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed and visualized. Candidate genes with the highest potential validity were validated using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. In total, 66 DEGs were enriched in GO terms related to inflammation and the immune response processes. KEGG analysis revealed 14 associated signaling pathway terms. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed 9 node genes, 3 of which were among the top 10 DEGs. Matrix metallopeptidase 9, chemokine CXCL9, and complement component 3 were identified as key regulators of DRG inflammatory pain progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhai Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Junshui Zheng
- Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Zhuan Yang
- Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Yangjian Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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118
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Wang SM, Goguadze N, Kimura Y, Yasui Y, Pan B, Wang TY, Nakamura Y, Lin YT, Hogan QH, Wilson KL, Su TP, Wu HE. Genomic Action of Sigma-1 Receptor Chaperone Relates to Neuropathic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2523-2541. [PMID: 33459966 PMCID: PMC8128747 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones implicated in neuropathic pain. Here we examine if the Sig-1R may relate to neuropathic pain at the level of dorsal root ganglia (DRG). We focus on the neuronal excitability of DRG in a "spare nerve injury" (SNI) model of neuropathic pain in rats and find that Sig-1Rs likely contribute to the genesis of DRG neuronal excitability by decreasing the protein level of voltage-gated Cav2.2 as a translational inhibitor of mRNA. Specifically, during SNI, Sig-1Rs translocate from ER to the nuclear envelope via a trafficking protein Sec61β. At the nucleus, the Sig-1R interacts with cFos and binds to the promoter of 4E-BP1, leading to an upregulation of 4E-BP1 that binds and prevents eIF4E from initiating the mRNA translation for Cav2.2. Interestingly, in Sig-1R knockout HEK cells, Cav2.2 is upregulated. In accordance with those findings, we find that intra-DRG injection of Sig-1R agonist (+)pentazocine increases frequency of action potentials via regulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Conversely, intra-DRG injection of Sig-1R antagonist BD1047 attenuates neuropathic pain. Hence, we discover that the Sig-1R chaperone causes neuropathic pain indirectly as a translational inhibitor.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Channels, N-Type/genetics
- Calcium Channels, N-Type/metabolism
- Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
- Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genome
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Nerve Tissue/injuries
- Nerve Tissue/pathology
- Neuralgia/genetics
- Nuclear Envelope/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism
- RNA Caps/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, sigma/agonists
- Receptors, sigma/genetics
- Receptors, sigma/metabolism
- SEC Translocation Channels/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Sigma-1 Receptor
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ming Wang
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Nino Goguadze
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yuriko Kimura
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yuko Yasui
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Tzu-Yun Wang
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Quinn H Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Katherine L Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Hsiang-En Wu
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
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119
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Park SH, Eber MR, Fonseca MM, Patel CM, Cunnane KA, Ding H, Hsu FC, Peters CM, Ko MC, Strowd RE, Wilson JA, Hsu W, Romero-Sandoval EA, Shiozawa Y. Usefulness of the measurement of neurite outgrowth of primary sensory neurons to study cancer-related painful complications. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114520. [PMID: 33741328 PMCID: PMC8154668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal outgrowth of sensory nerves is one of the important contributors to pain associated with cancer and its treatments. Primary neuronal cultures derived from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) have been widely used to study pain-associated signal transduction and electrical activity of sensory nerves. However, there are only a few studies using primary DRG neuronal culture to investigate neurite outgrowth alterations due to underlying cancer-related factors and chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, primary DRG sensory neurons derived from mouse, non-human primate, and human were established in serum and growth factor-free conditions. A bovine serum albumin gradient centrifugation method improved the separation of sensory neurons from satellite cells. The purified DRG neurons were able to maintain their heterogeneous subpopulations, and displayed an increase in neurite growth when exposed to cancer-derived conditioned medium, while they showed a reduction in neurite length when treated with a neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agent. Additionally, a semi-automated quantification method was developed to measure neurite length in an accurate and time-efficient manner. Finally, these exogenous factors altered the gene expression patterns of murine primary sensory neurons, which are related to nerve growth, and neuro-inflammatory pain and nociceptor development. Together, the primary DRG neuronal culture in combination with a semi-automated quantification method can be a useful tool for further understanding the impact of exogenous factors on the growth of sensory nerve fibers and gene expression changes in sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun H Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Matthew R Eber
- Department of Cancer Biology and Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Miriam M Fonseca
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Chirayu M Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Katharine A Cunnane
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Huiping Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science and Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Christopher M Peters
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Roy E Strowd
- Department of Neurology and Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - John A Wilson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Wesley Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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120
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Analysis of multiple rodent RNAseq after nerve injury reveals a common gene signature, with suppression of endogenous opioid signalling and overlap with human pain genes The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are key structures in nociception and chronic pain disorders. Several gene expression studies of DRG in preclinical pain models have been performed, but it is unclear if consistent gene changes are identifiable. We, therefore, compared several recent RNA-Seq data sets on the whole DRG in rodent models of nerve injury. Contrary to previous findings, we show hundreds of common differentially expressed genes and high positive correlation between studies, despite model and species differences. We also find, in contrast to previous studies, that 60% of the common rodent gene response after injury is likely to occur in nociceptors of the DRG. Substantial expression changes are observed at a 1-week time-point, with smaller changes in the same genes at a later 3- to 4-week time-point. However, a subset of genes shows a similar magnitude of changes at both early and late time-points, suggesting their potential involvement in the maintenance of chronic pain. These genes are centred around suppression of endogenous opioid signalling. Reversal of this suppression could allow endogenous and exogenous opioids to exert their analgesic functions and may be an important strategy for treating chronic pain disorders. Currently used drugs, such as amitriptyline and duloxetine, do not seem to appropriately modulate many of the critical pain genes and indeed may transcriptionally suppress endogenous opioid signalling further.
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Pharmacological target-focused transcriptomic analysis of native vs cultured human and mouse dorsal root ganglia. Pain 2021; 161:1497-1517. [PMID: 32197039 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons detect sensory inputs and are crucial for pain processing. They are often studied in vitro as dissociated cell cultures with the assumption that this reasonably represents in vivo conditions. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has directly compared genome-wide transcriptomes of DRG tissue in vivo versus in vitro or between laboratories and culturing protocols. Comparing RNA sequencing-based transcriptomes of native to cultured (4 days in vitro) human or mouse DRG, we found that the overall expression levels of many ion channels and G-protein-coupled receptors specifically expressed in neurons are markedly lower although still expressed in culture. This suggests that most pharmacological targets expressed in vivo are present under the condition of dissociated cell culture, but with changes in expression levels. The reduced relative expression for neuronal genes in human DRG cultures is likely accounted for by increased expression of genes in fibroblast-like and other proliferating cells, consistent with their mitotic status in these cultures. We found that the expression of a subset of genes typically expressed in neurons increased in human and mouse DRG cultures relative to the intact ganglion, including genes associated with nerve injury or inflammation in preclinical models such as BDNF, MMP9, GAL, and ATF3. We also found a striking upregulation of a number of inflammation-associated genes in DRG cultures, although many were different between mouse and human. Our findings suggest an injury-like phenotype in DRG cultures that has important implications for the use of this model system for pain drug discovery.
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Abstract
Preclinical evidence has highlighted the importance of the μ-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor on primary afferents for both the analgesic actions of MOP receptor agonists, as well as the development of tolerance, if not opioid-induced hyperalgesia. There is also growing interest in targeting other opioid peptide receptor subtypes (δ-opioid peptide [DOP], κ-opioid peptide [KOP], and nociceptin/orphanin-FQ opioid peptide [NOP]) on primary afferents, as alternatives to MOP receptors, which may not be associated with as many deleterious side effects. Nevertheless, results from several recent studies of human sensory neurons indicate that although there are many similarities between rodent and human sensory neurons, there may also be important differences. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the distribution of opioid receptor subtypes among human sensory neurons. A combination of pharmacology, patch-clamp electrophysiology, Ca imaging, and single-cell semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction was used. Our results suggest that functional MOP-like receptors are present in approximately 50% of human dorsal root ganglion neurons. δ-opioid peptide-like receptors were detected in a subpopulation largely overlapping that with MOP-like receptors. Furthermore, KOP-like and NOP-like receptors are detected in a large proportion (44% and 40%, respectively) of human dorsal root ganglion neurons with KOP receptors also overlapping with MOP receptors at a high rate (83%). Our data confirm that all 4 opioid receptor subtypes are present and functional in human sensory neurons, where the overlap of DOP, KOP, and NOP receptors with MOP receptors suggests that activation of these other opioid receptor subtypes may also have analgesic efficacy.
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Parker T, Huang Y, Raghu ALB, FitzGerald J, Aziz TZ, Green AL. Supraspinal Effects of Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation in Chronic Pain Patients. Neuromodulation 2021; 24:646-654. [PMID: 33974317 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS) has become a popular neuromodulatory treatment for neuropathic pain. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate potential biomarkers of pain and pain relief, based on the differences in power spectral density (PSD) during varying degrees of pain and how these oscillations change during DRGS-mediated pain relief. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen chronic pain patients with implanted dorsal root ganglion stimulators were included in the MEG analysis. MEG Recordings were performed at rest while the stimulator was turned ON or OFF. Numerical rating scale (NRS) scores were also recorded before and after DRGS was turned OFF and ON. Power spectral and source localization analyses were then performed on preprocessed MEG recordings. RESULTS With DRGS-OFF, patients in severe pain had significantly increased cortical theta (4-7 Hz) power and decreased cortical alpha (7-13 Hz) power compared to patients reporting less pain. This shift in power toward lower frequencies was contrasted by a shift toward the higher frequency power spectrum (low beta 13-20 Hz activity) during DRGS-mediated pain relief. A significant correlation was found between the increase in low beta activity and the degree of reported pain relief. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate increased low-frequency power spectral activity in chronic pain patients in the absence of stimulation which shifts toward higher frequency power spectrum activity in response to therapeutic DRGS. These cortical changes in response to DRGS provide support for the use of neuroimaging in the search for potential biomarkers of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Parker
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yongzhi Huang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ashley L B Raghu
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James FitzGerald
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tipu Z Aziz
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander L Green
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Raja SN, Ringkamp M, Guan Y, Campbell JN. John J. Bonica Award Lecture: Peripheral neuronal hyperexcitability: the "low-hanging" target for safe therapeutic strategies in neuropathic pain. Pain 2021; 161 Suppl 1:S14-S26. [PMID: 33090736 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Ringkamp
- Neurological Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yun Guan
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and.,Neurological Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - James N Campbell
- Neurological Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Wang H, Huo X, Han C, Ning J, Chen H, Li B, Liu J, Ma W, Li Q, Yu Y, Shi K. Ferroptosis is involved in the development of neuropathic pain and allodynia. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3149-3161. [PMID: 33864570 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is chronic, intractable, and typically not alleviated using analgesics. Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death characterized by mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, affecting specific types of synaptic plasticity in the spinal cord. Here, we evaluated the role of ferroptosis in NP using chronic contractile injury (CCI) in rats. The CCI and control groups were subjected to sciatic nerve ligation. The mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal reflex latency were used to detect changes in mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold in rats, respectively. Notably, CCI caused mechanical and thermal stimulation of the injured hind paw, reduced levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and increased acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4). Treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (10 mg/kg) 1 h after surgery upregulated GPX4 expression and downregulated ACSL4 expression, whereas the ferroptosis inducer, erastin (10 mg/kg), exerted opposite effects. Treatment with ferrostatin-1 upregulated NeuN expression and downregulated GPX4 expression, whereas erastin reversed these effects. CCI increased the number of damaged mitochondria and decreased the mean planar mitochondrial area, and treatment with erastin further exacerbated these effects. The iron ion content in the spinal cords of CCI-induced rats increased. Treatment with ferrostatin-1 decreased, whereas treatment with erastin increased iron ion content in the CCI-induced rat model. Taken together, our results showed that ferroptosis is involved in the development of NP in male rats by blocking neuron and astrocyte activation in the spinal dorsal horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixing Wang
- Pain Management Center, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Huo
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Han
- Pain Management Center, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Ning
- The Central Laboratory, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Pain Management Center, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhi Liu
- Pain Management Center, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Ma
- Pain Management Center, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanbo Li
- Pain Management Center, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Kemei Shi
- Pain Management Center, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.
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126
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Cho C, Deol HK, Martin LJ. Bridging the Translational Divide in Pain Research: Biological, Psychological and Social Considerations. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:603186. [PMID: 33935700 PMCID: PMC8082136 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.603186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A gap exists between translating basic science research into effective pain therapies in humans. While preclinical pain research has primarily used animal models to understand biological processes, a lesser focus has been toward using animal models to fully consider other components of the pain experience, such as psychological and social influences. Herein, we provide an overview of translational studies within pain research by breaking them down into purely biological, psychological and social influences using a framework derived from the biopsychosocial model. We draw from a wide landscape of studies to illustrate that the pain experience is highly intricate, and every attempt must be made to address its multiple components and interactors to aid in fully understanding its complexity. We highlight our work where we have developed animal models to assess the cognitive and social effects on pain modulation while conducting parallel experiments in people that provide proof-of-importance for human pain modulation. In some instances, human pain research has sparked the development of novel animal models, with these animal models used to better understand the complexity of phenomena considered to be uniquely human such as placebo responses and empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulmin Cho
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Harashdeep K Deol
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Loren J Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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127
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Interleukin-10 resolves pain hypersensitivity induced by cisplatin by reversing sensory neuron hyperexcitability. Pain 2021; 161:2344-2352. [PMID: 32427749 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that drive transition from acute to chronic pain is essential to identify new therapeutic targets. The importance of endogenous resolution pathways acting as a "brake" to prevent development of chronic pain has been largely ignored. We examined the role of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in resolution of neuropathic pain induced by cisplatin. In search of an underlying mechanism, we studied the effect of cisplatin and IL-10 on spontaneous activity (SA) in dorsal root ganglia neurons. Cisplatin (2 mg/kg daily for 3 days) induced mechanical hypersensitivity that resolved within 3 weeks. In both sexes, resolution of mechanical hypersensitivity was delayed in Il10 mice, in WT mice treated intrathecally with neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibody, and in mice with cell-targeted deletion of IL-10R1 on advillin-positive sensory neurons. Electrophysiologically, small- to medium-sized dorsal root ganglia neurons from cisplatin-treated mice displayed an increase in the incidence of SA. Cisplatin treatment also depolarized the resting membrane potential, and decreased action potential voltage threshold and rheobase, while increasing ongoing activity at -45 mV and the amplitude of depolarizing spontaneous fluctuations. In vitro addition of IL-10 (10 ng/mL) reversed the effect of cisplatin on SA and on the depolarizing spontaneous fluctuation amplitudes, but unexpectedly had little effect on the other electrophysiological parameters affected by cisplatin. Collectively, our findings challenge the prevailing concept that IL-10 resolves pain solely by dampening neuroinflammation and demonstrate in a model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain that endogenous IL-10 prevents transition to chronic pain by binding to IL-10 receptors on sensory neurons to regulate their activity.
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128
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Quantitative differences in neuronal subpopulations between mouse and human dorsal root ganglia demonstrated with RNAscope in situ hybridization. Pain 2021; 161:2410-2424. [PMID: 32639368 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation transcriptomics in combination with imaging-based approaches have emerged as powerful tools for the characterization of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuronal subpopulations. The mouse DRG has been well characterized by many independently conducted studies with convergent findings, but few studies have directly compared expression of population markers between mouse and human. This is important because of our increasing reliance on the mouse as a preclinical model for translational studies. Although calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and P2X purinergic ion channel type 3 receptor (P2X3R) have been used to define peptidergic and nonpeptidergic nociceptor subpopulations, respectively, in mouse DRG, these populations may be different in other species. To directly test this, as well as a host of other markers, we used multiplex RNAscope in situ hybridization to elucidate the distribution of a multitude of unique and classic neuronal mRNAs in peptidergic (CGRP-expressing) and nonpeptidergic (P2X3R-expressing) nociceptor subpopulations in mouse and human DRG. We found a large overlapping CGRP and P2X3R neuronal subpopulation in human, lumbar DRG that was not present in mouse. We also found differential expression in a variety of mRNAs for transient receptor potential channels, cholinergic receptors, potassium channels, sodium channels, and other markers/targets. These data offer insights into the spatial and functional organization of neuronal cell subpopulations in the rodent and human DRG and support the idea that sensory system organizational principles are likely different between both species.
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129
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Wangzhou A, Paige C, Neerukonda SV, Naik DK, Kume M, David ET, Dussor G, Ray PR, Price TJ. A ligand-receptor interactome platform for discovery of pain mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/674/eabe1648. [PMID: 33727337 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abe1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the peripheral nervous system, ligand-receptor interactions between cells and neurons shape sensory experience, including pain. We set out to identify the potential interactions between sensory neurons and peripheral cell types implicated in disease-associated pain. Using mouse and human RNA sequencing datasets and computational analysis, we created interactome maps between dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons and an array of normal cell types, as well as colitis-associated glial cells, rheumatoid arthritis-associated synovial macrophages, and pancreatic tumor tissue. These maps revealed a common correlation between the abundance of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) in peripheral cells with that of its receptor EGFR (a member of the ErbB family of receptors) in DRG neurons. Subsequently, we confirmed that increased abundance of HBEGF enhanced nociception in mice, likely acting on DRG neurons through ErbB family receptors. Collectively, these interactomes highlight ligand-receptor interactions that may lead to treatments for disease-associated pain and, furthermore, reflect the complexity of cell-to-neuron signaling in chronic pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Wangzhou
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Candler Paige
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Sanjay V Neerukonda
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Dhananjay K Naik
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Moeno Kume
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Eric T David
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Gregory Dussor
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Pradipta R Ray
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Theodore J Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
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130
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Single cell transcriptomics of primate sensory neurons identifies cell types associated with chronic pain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1510. [PMID: 33686078 PMCID: PMC7940623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct types of dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons may have unique contributions to chronic pain. Identification of primate sensory neuron types is critical for understanding the cellular origin and heritability of chronic pain. However, molecular insights into the primate sensory neurons are missing. Here we classify non-human primate dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons based on their transcriptome and map human pain heritability to neuronal types. First, we identified cell correlates between two major datasets for mouse sensory neuron types. Machine learning exposes an overall cross-species conservation of somatosensory neurons between primate and mouse, although with differences at individual gene level, highlighting the importance of primate data for clinical translation. We map genomic loci associated with chronic pain in human onto primate sensory neuron types to identify the cellular origin of chronic pain. Genome-wide associations for chronic pain converge on two different neuronal types distributed between pain disorders that display different genetic susceptibilities, suggesting both unique and shared mechanisms between different pain conditions. The contribution of distinct types of dorsal root ganglion neurons to chronic pain is unclear. Here, the authors molecularly profile non-human primate sensory neurons and show that genome-wide associations converge on two neuronal types with different genetic susceptibilities for chronic pain.
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131
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Mouraux A, Bannister K, Becker S, Finn DP, Pickering G, Pogatzki-Zahn E, Graven-Nielsen T. Challenges and opportunities in translational pain research - An opinion paper of the working group on translational pain research of the European pain federation (EFIC). Eur J Pain 2021; 25:731-756. [PMID: 33625769 PMCID: PMC9290702 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For decades, basic research on the underlying mechanisms of nociception has held promise to translate into efficacious treatments for patients with pain. Despite great improvement in the understanding of pain physiology and pathophysiology, translation to novel, effective treatments for acute and chronic pain has however been limited, and they remain an unmet medical need. In this opinion paper bringing together pain researchers from very different disciplines, the opportunities and challenges of translational pain research are discussed. The many factors that may prevent the successful translation of bench observations into useful and effective clinical applications are reviewed, including interspecies differences, limited validity of currently available preclinical disease models of pain, and limitations of currently used methods to assess nociception and pain in non-human and human models of pain. Many paths are explored to address these issues, including the backward translation of observations made in patients and human volunteers into new disease models that are more clinically relevant, improved generalization by taking into account age and sex differences, and the integration of psychobiology into translational pain research. Finally, it is argued that preclinical and clinical stages of developing new treatments for pain can be improved by better preclinical models of pathological pain conditions alongside revised methods to assess treatment-induced effects on nociception in human and non-human animals. Significance: For decades, basic research of the underlying mechanisms of nociception has held promise to translate into efficacious treatments for patients with pain. Despite great improvement in the understanding of pain physiology and pathophysiology, translation to novel, effective treatments for acute and chronic pain has however been limited, and they remain an unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Mouraux
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kirsty Bannister
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susanne Becker
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Integrative Spinal Research, Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Centre for Pain Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gisèle Pickering
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inserm CIC 1405, University Hospital, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Esther Pogatzki-Zahn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Graven-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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132
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"Shooting pain" in lumbar radiculopathy and trigeminal neuralgia, and ideas concerning its neural substrates. Pain 2021; 161:308-318. [PMID: 31651576 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with radicular low back pain (radicular LBP, sciatica) frequently describe their pain as "shooting" or "radiating." The dictionary meaning of these words implies rapid movement, and indeed, many sufferers report feeling pain moving rapidly from the lower back or buttock into the leg. But, others do not. Moreover, the sensation of movement is paradoxical; it is neither predicted nor accounted for by current ideas about the pathophysiology of radicular LBP. We have used a structured questionnaire to evaluate the sensory qualities associated with "shooting" and "radiating" in 155 patients, 98 with radicular LBP and 57 with trigeminal neuralgia, a second chronic pain condition in which shooting/radiating are experienced. Results indicated a spectrum of different sensations in different people. Although many sciatica patients reported rapid downward movement of their pain, even more reported downward expansion of the area of pain, some reported upward movement, and for some, there was no spatial dynamic at all. The velocity of movement or expansion was also variable. By cross-referencing sensations experienced in the sciatica and trigeminal neuralgia cohorts with known signal processing modes in the somatosensory system, we propose testable hypotheses concerning the pathophysiology of the various vectorial sensations reported, their direction and velocity, and the structures in which they are generated. Systematic evaluation of qualitative features of "shooting" and "radiating" pain at the time of diagnosis can shed light on the pain mechanism in the individual patient and perhaps contribute to a better therapeutic outcomes.
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133
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Differential Contribution of Cadm1-Cadm3 Cell Adhesion Molecules to Peripheral Myelinated Axons. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1393-1400. [PMID: 33397712 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2736-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion proteins of the Cadm (SynCAM/Necl) family regulate myelination and the organization of myelinated axons. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), intercellular contact between Schwann cells and their underlying axons is believed to be mediated by binding of glial Cadm4 to axonal Cadm3 or Cadm2. Nevertheless, given that distinct neurons express different combinations of the Cadm proteins, the identity of the functional axonal ligand for Cadm4 remains to be determined. Here, we took a genetic approach to compare the phenotype of Cadm4 null mice, which exhibit abnormal distribution of Caspr and Kv1 potassium channels, with mice lacking different combinations of Cadm1-Cadm3 genes. We show that in contrast to mice lacking the single Cadm1, Cadm2, or Cadm3 genes, genetic ablation of all three phenocopies the abnormalities detected in the absence of Cadm4. Similar defects were observed in double mutant mice lacking Cadm3 and Cadm2 (i.e., Cadm3 -/- /Cadm2 -/-) or Cadm3 and Cadm1 (i.e., Cadm3 -/- /Cadm1 -/-), but not in mice lacking Cadm1 and Cadm2 (i.e., Cadm1 -/- /Cadm2 -/-). Furthermore, axonal organization abnormalities were also detected in Cadm3 null mice that were heterozygous for the two other axonal Cadms. Our results identify Cadm3 as the main axonal ligand for glial Cadm4, and reveal that its absence could be compensated by the combined action of Cadm2 and Cadm1.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Myelination by Schwann cells enables fast conduction of action potentials along motor and sensory axons. In these nerves, Schwann cell-axon contact is mediated by cell adhesion molecules of the Cadm family. Cadm4 in Schwann cells regulates axonal ensheathment and myelin wrapping, as well as the organization of the axonal membrane, but the identity of its axonal ligands is not clear. Here, we reveal that Cadm mediated axon-glia interactions depend on a hierarchical adhesion code that involves multiple family members. Our results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of axon-glia communication, and the function of Cadm proteins in PNS myelin.
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134
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Yousuf MS, Shiers SI, Sahn JJ, Price TJ. Pharmacological Manipulation of Translation as a Therapeutic Target for Chronic Pain. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:59-88. [PMID: 33203717 PMCID: PMC7736833 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction in regulation of mRNA translation is an increasingly recognized characteristic of many diseases and disorders, including cancer, diabetes, autoimmunity, neurodegeneration, and chronic pain. Approximately 50 million adults in the United States experience chronic pain. This economic burden is greater than annual costs associated with heart disease, cancer, and diabetes combined. Treatment options for chronic pain are inadequately efficacious and riddled with adverse side effects. There is thus an urgent unmet need for novel approaches to treating chronic pain. Sensitization of neurons along the nociceptive pathway causes chronic pain states driving symptoms that include spontaneous pain and mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. More than a decade of preclinical research demonstrates that translational mechanisms regulate the changes in gene expression that are required for ongoing sensitization of nociceptive sensory neurons. This review will describe how key translation regulation signaling pathways, including the integrated stress response, mammalian target of rapamycin, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinases, impact the translation of different subsets of mRNAs. We then place these mechanisms of translation regulation in the context of chronic pain states, evaluate currently available therapies, and examine the potential for developing novel drugs. Considering the large body of evidence now published in this area, we propose that pharmacologically manipulating specific aspects of the translational machinery may reverse key neuronal phenotypic changes causing different chronic pain conditions. Therapeutics targeting these pathways could eventually be first-line drugs used to treat chronic pain disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Translational mechanisms regulating protein synthesis underlie phenotypic changes in the sensory nervous system that drive chronic pain states. This review highlights regulatory mechanisms that control translation initiation and how to exploit them in treating persistent pain conditions. We explore the role of mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin and mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinase inhibitors and AMPK activators in alleviating pain hypersensitivity. Modulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α phosphorylation is also discussed as a potential therapy. Targeting specific translation regulation mechanisms may reverse changes in neuronal hyperexcitability associated with painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Yousuf
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (M.S.Y., S.I.S., T.J.P.) and 4E Therapeutics Inc, Austin, Texas (J.J.S.)
| | - Stephanie I Shiers
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (M.S.Y., S.I.S., T.J.P.) and 4E Therapeutics Inc, Austin, Texas (J.J.S.)
| | - James J Sahn
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (M.S.Y., S.I.S., T.J.P.) and 4E Therapeutics Inc, Austin, Texas (J.J.S.)
| | - Theodore J Price
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (M.S.Y., S.I.S., T.J.P.) and 4E Therapeutics Inc, Austin, Texas (J.J.S.)
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Alexander JF, Seua AV, Arroyo LD, Ray PR, Wangzhou A, Heiβ-Lückemann L, Schedlowski M, Price TJ, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ. Nasal administration of mitochondria reverses chemotherapy-induced cognitive deficits. Theranostics 2021; 11:3109-3130. [PMID: 33537077 PMCID: PMC7847685 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to seventy-five percent of patients treated for cancer suffer from cognitive deficits which can persist for months to decades, severely impairing quality of life. Although the number of cancer survivors is increasing tremendously, no efficacious interventions exist. Cisplatin, most commonly employed for solid tumors, leads to cognitive impairment including deficits in memory and executive functioning. We recently proposed deficient neuronal mitochondrial function as its underlying mechanism. We hypothesized nasal administration of mitochondria isolated from human mesenchymal stem cells to mice, can reverse cisplatin-induced cognitive deficits. Methods: Puzzle box, novel object place recognition and Y-maze tests were used to assess the cognitive function of mice. Immunofluorescence and high-resolution confocal microscopy were employed to trace the nasally delivered mitochondria and evaluate their effect on synaptic loss. Black Gold II immunostaining was used to determine myelin integrity. Transmission electron microscopy helped determine mitochondrial and membrane integrity of brain synaptosomes. RNA-sequencing was performed to analyse the hippocampal transcriptome. Results: Two nasal administrations of mitochondria isolated from human mesenchymal stem cells to mice, restored executive functioning, working and spatial memory. Confocal imaging revealed nasally delivered mitochondria rapidly arrived in the meninges where they were readily internalized by macrophages. The administered mitochondria also accessed the rostral migratory stream and various other brain regions including the hippocampus where they colocalized with GFAP+ cells. The restoration of cognitive function was associated with structural repair of myelin in the cingulate cortex and synaptic loss in the hippocampus. Nasal mitochondrial donation also reversed the underlying synaptosomal mitochondrial defects. Moreover, transcriptome analysis by RNA-sequencing showed reversal of cisplatin-induced changes in the expression of about seven hundred genes in the hippocampus. Pathway analysis identified Nrf2-mediated response as the top canonical pathway. Conclusion: Our results provide key evidence on the therapeutic potential of isolated mitochondria - restoring both brain structure and function, their capability to enter brain meninges and parenchyma upon nasal delivery and undergo rapid cellular internalization and alter the hippocampal transcriptome. Our data identify nasal administration of mitochondria as an effective strategy for reversing chemotherapy-induced cognitive deficits and restoring brain health, providing promise for the growing population of both adult and pediatric cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenolyn F. Alexander
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Alexandre V. Seua
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Luis D. Arroyo
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Pradipta R. Ray
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States
| | - Andi Wangzhou
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States
| | - Laura Heiβ-Lückemann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Theodore J. Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States
| | - Annemieke Kavelaars
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Cobi J. Heijnen
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
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Li Y, Marri T, North RY, Rhodes HR, Uhelski ML, Tatsui CE, Rhines LD, Rao G, Corrales G, Abercrombie TJ, Johansson CA, Dougherty PM. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in a dish: dorsal root ganglion cells treated in vitro with paclitaxel show biochemical and physiological responses parallel to that seen in vivo. Pain 2021; 162:84-96. [PMID: 32694383 PMCID: PMC7744394 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy have yet to be fully elucidated, but primary afferent neurons have emerged as an especially vulnerable initiating pathophysiological target. An important recent study has also shown that the initial toxicity produced by paclitaxel in patients was highly predictive of long-term outcome. In this study, we therefore focused on defining the mechanisms of acute toxicity produced by paclitaxel treatment on primary sensory neurons under in vitro conditions. In primary rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) culture with paclitaxel, an increase of pERK and pp38 was observed at 2 hours, and this was accompanied by an increase in expression and release of C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). There was no change in pJNK. The increase in pERK was sustained at 48 hours of exposure when the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and IL-6 was also increased. IL-6 and CCL2 were colocalized to TLR4-positive cells, and all these responses were prevented by coincubation with a TLR4 antagonist (LPS-RS). Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that DRG neurons developed spontaneous depolarizing fluctuations (DSFs) in membrane potential and hyperexcitability to current injection but no ectopic action potential activity at 24 and 48 hours of paclitaxel incubation. However, CCL2 applied to cultured neurons not only induced DSFs but also evoked action potentials. Evidence of oxidative stress and mitotoxicity was observed at 48 hours of exposure. These results closely parallel the responses measured in the DRG with paclitaxel exposure in vivo and so indicate that acute toxicity of paclitaxel on the DRG can be modelled using an in vitro approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Research, the
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Tejaswi Marri
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston,
Texas 77030
| | - Robert Y. North
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Haley Raquel Rhodes
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, St.
Edward’s University, Austin, TX 78704
| | - Megan L. Uhelski
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Research, the
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - Laurence D. Rhines
- Neurosurgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Neurosurgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - German Corrales
- Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine Research, the
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - Caj A. Johansson
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston,
Texas 77030
| | - Patrick M. Dougherty
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Research, the
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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McFarland AJ, Yousuf MS, Shiers S, Price TJ. Neurobiology of SARS-CoV-2 interactions with the peripheral nervous system: implications for COVID-19 and pain. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e885. [PMID: 33458558 PMCID: PMC7803673 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that infects cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, aided by proteases that prime the spike protein of the virus to enhance cellular entry. Neuropilin 1 and 2 (NRP1 and NRP2) act as additional viral entry factors. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19 disease. There is now strong evidence for neurological impacts of COVID-19, with pain as an important symptom, both in the acute phase of the disease and at later stages that are colloquially referred to as "long COVID." In this narrative review, we discuss how COVID-19 may interact with the peripheral nervous system to cause pain in the early and late stages of the disease. We begin with a review of the state of the science on how viruses cause pain through direct and indirect interactions with nociceptors. We then cover what we currently know about how the unique cytokine profiles of moderate and severe COVID-19 may drive plasticity in nociceptors to promote pain and worsen existing pain states. Finally, we review evidence for direct infection of nociceptors by SARS-CoV-2 and the implications of this potential neurotropism. The state of the science points to multiple potential mechanisms through which COVID-19 could induce changes in nociceptor excitability that would be expected to promote pain, induce neuropathies, and worsen existing pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia J. McFarland
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Muhammad S. Yousuf
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Theodore J. Price
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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Beisheim EH, Seth M, Horne JR, Hicks GE, Pohlig RT, Sions JM. Sex-specific Differences in Multisite Pain Presentation among Adults with Lower-Limb Loss. Pain Pract 2020; 21:419-427. [PMID: 33251680 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multisite pain remains significantly understudied following lower-limb loss (LLL), especially among females. This study aimed to explore sex-specific differences in the presentation of multisite pain post LLL. Hypotheses were multisite pain would be more prevalent among females post LLL as compared with males, and female sex would be significantly associated with multisite pain prevalence. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, participants answered standardized questions regarding the presence of amputation-specific (ie, phantom-limb, residual-limb) and secondary (ie, contralateral-limb, low-back) pain. Multisite pain was defined as pain in ≥ 2 locations. Sex-specific differences in pain prevalence were evaluated using chi-square tests (P ≤ 0.050). Using logistic regression, the association between sex and multisite pain was examined after controlling for covariates (age, body mass index, time since amputation, amputation etiology and level). RESULTS The sample included 303 adults (33% females) ≥ 1 year post unilateral LLL. More females than males reported pain in the residual limb (53.0% vs. 38.4%), low back (56.0% vs. 39.9%), contralateral knee (37.0% vs. 24.1%), and contralateral hip (25.0% vs. 12.3%; P < 0.050). More females than males were classified as having multisite pain (72.0% vs. 54.7%; P = 0.004). While patterns of multisite pain were similar (ie, pain affected both amputation-specific and secondary sites) between sexes, being female was independently associated with higher odds of having multisite pain (odds ratio: 2.40, 95% confidence interval: 1.40 to 4.12). DISCUSSION Female sex appears to be associated with multisite pain ≥ 1 year after LLL. Future work is needed to identify mechanisms underlying sex-specific differences in pain presentation and evaluate the impact of sex on pain-related outcomes post amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayank Seth
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, U.S.A
| | | | - Gregory Evan Hicks
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, U.S.A
| | - Ryan Todd Pohlig
- University of Delaware Biostatistics Core Facility, Newark, Delaware, U.S.A
| | - Jaclyn Megan Sions
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, U.S.A
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Lopez ER, Carbajal AG, Tian JB, Bavencoffe A, Zhu MX, Dessauer CW, Walters ET. Serotonin enhances depolarizing spontaneous fluctuations, excitability, and ongoing activity in isolated rat DRG neurons via 5-HT 4 receptors and cAMP-dependent mechanisms. Neuropharmacology 2020; 184:108408. [PMID: 33220305 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing activity in nociceptors, a driver of spontaneous pain, can be generated in dorsal root ganglion neurons in the absence of sensory generator potentials if one or more of three neurophysiological alterations occur - prolonged depolarization of resting membrane potential (RMP), hyperpolarization of action potential (AP) threshold, and/or increased amplitude of depolarizing spontaneous fluctuations of membrane potential (DSFs) to bridge the gap between RMP and AP threshold. Previous work showed that acute, sustained exposure to serotonin (5-HT) hyperpolarized AP threshold and potentiated DSFs, leading to ongoing activity if a separate source of maintained depolarization was present. Cellular signaling pathways that increase DSF amplitude and promote ongoing activity acutely in nociceptors are not known for any neuromodulator. Here, isolated DRG neurons from male rats were used to define the pathway by which low concentrations of 5-HT enhance DSFs, hyperpolarize AP threshold, and promote ongoing activity. A selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist blocked these 5-HT-induced hyperexcitable effects, while a selective 5-HT4 agonist mimicked the effects of 5-HT. Inhibition of cAMP effectors, protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC), attenuated 5-HT's hyperexcitable effects, but a blocker of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels had no significant effect. 5-HT4-dependent PKA activation was specific to DRG neurons that bind isolectin B4 (a nonpeptidergic nociceptor marker). 5-HT's effects on AP threshold, DSFs, and ongoing activity were mimicked by a cAMP analog. Sustained exposure to 5-HT promotes ongoing activity in nonpeptidergic nociceptors through the Gs-coupled 5-HT4 receptor and downstream cAMP signaling involving both PKA and EPAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia R Lopez
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Anibal Garza Carbajal
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jin Bin Tian
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Alexis Bavencoffe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Edgar T Walters
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Shiers S, Ray PR, Wangzhou A, Sankaranarayanan I, Tatsui CE, Rhines LD, Li Y, Uhelski ML, Dougherty PM, Price TJ. ACE2 and SCARF expression in human dorsal root ganglion nociceptors: implications for SARS-CoV-2 virus neurological effects. Pain 2020; 161:2494-2501. [PMID: 32826754 PMCID: PMC7572821 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has created a global crisis. COVID-19, the disease caused by the virus, is characterized by pneumonia, respiratory distress, and hypercoagulation and can be fatal. An early sign of infection is loss of smell, taste, and chemesthesis-loss of chemical sensation. Other neurological effects of the disease have been described, but not explained. It is now apparent that many of these neurological effects (for instance joint pain and headache) can persist for at least months after infection, suggesting a sensory neuronal involvement in persistent disease. We show that human dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 at the RNA and protein level. We also demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus-associated factors and receptors are broadly expressed in human DRG at the lumbar and thoracic level as assessed by bulk RNA sequencing. ACE2 mRNA is expressed by a subset of nociceptors that express MRGPRD mRNA, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may gain access to the nervous system through entry into neurons that form free nerve endings at the outermost layers of skin and luminal organs. Therefore, DRG sensory neurons are a potential target for SARS-CoV-2 invasion of the peripheral nervous system, and viral infection of human nociceptors may cause some of the persistent neurological effects seen in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Shiers
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Richardson, TX
| | - Pradipta R. Ray
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Richardson, TX
| | - Andi Wangzhou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Richardson, TX
| | - Ishwarya Sankaranarayanan
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Richardson, TX
| | | | - Laurence D. Rhines
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston, TX
| | - Yan Li
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Megan L Uhelski
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Patrick M. Dougherty
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Theodore J Price
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Richardson, TX
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Meesawatsom P, Hathway G, Bennett A, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Chapman V. Spinal neuronal excitability and neuroinflammation in a model of chemotherapeutic neuropathic pain: targeting the resolution pathways. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:316. [PMID: 33097087 PMCID: PMC7585293 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation is a critical feature of sensitisation of spinal nociceptive processing in chronic pain states. We hypothesised that the resolvin pathways, a unique endogenous control system, may ameliorate aberrant spinal processing of somatosensory inputs associated with chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP). Method The paclitaxel (PCX) model of CINP was established in male Sprague-Dawley rats and compared to control rats (n = 23 and 22, respectively). Behavioural pain responses were measured, and either single unit electrophysiological recordings of dorsal horn wide dynamic range (WDR) neurones were performed, or mRNA microarray analysis of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was undertaken. Results PCX rats exhibited significant changes in behavioural responses to mechanical and cold stimuli. A higher proportion of WDR neurones in PCX rats were polymodal (generating post-discharge following a non-noxious mechanical stimulus, responding to non-noxious cold and exhibiting spontaneous activity) compared to control (p < 0.05). Microarray analysis revealed changes in proinflammatory pathways (Tlr, Tnfrsf1a, Nlrp1a, Cxcr1, Cxcr5, Ccr1, Cx3cr1) and anti-inflammatory lipid resolvin pathways (Alox5ap, Cyp2j4 and Ptgr1) compared to control (p < 0.05). Ingenuity pathway analysis predicted changes in glutamatergic and astrocyte signaling in the PCX group. Activation of the resolvin system via the spinal administration of aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) markedly inhibited (73 ± 7% inhibition) normally non-noxious mechanically (8 g) evoked responses of WDR neurones only in PCX rats, whilst leaving responses to noxious mechanically induced stimuli intact. Inhibitory effects of AT-RvD1were comparable in magnitude to spinal morphine (84 ± 4% inhibition). Conclusion The PCX model of CINP was associated with mechanical allodynia, altered neuronal responses and dysregulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling in the spinal dorsal horn. The resolvin AT-RvD1 selectively inhibited low weight mechanical-evoked responses of WDR neurones in PCX rats, but not in controls. Our data support the targeting of spinal neuroinflammation via the activation of the resolvin system as a new therapeutic approach for CINP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsatorn Meesawatsom
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Gareth Hathway
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Andrew Bennett
- FRAME Alternatives Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Victoria Chapman
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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Kinfe T, von Willebrand N, Stadlbauer A, Buchfelder M, Yearwood TL, Muhammad S, Chaudhry SR, Gravius S, Randau T, Winder K, Maihöfner C, Gravius N, Magerl W. Quantitative sensory phenotyping in chronic neuropathic pain patients treated with unilateral L4-dorsal root ganglion stimulation. J Transl Med 2020; 18:403. [PMID: 33087129 PMCID: PMC7579938 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a previous study, we reported that selective dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGSTIM) at DRG level L4 promoted a favorable outcome for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) patients along with DRGSTIM-related changes of inflammatory biomarkers in blood and saliva. The impact on somatosensation is largely unknown. Herein, we assessed the quantitative sensory profile to quantify L4-DRGSTIM effects in CRPS patients. Methods Twelve refractory CRPS patients (4 female; 8 male; mean age 69 ± 9 years) received standardized quantitative sensory testing (QST) protocol at baseline and after 3 months of unilateral L4-DRGSTIM assessing nociceptive and non-nociceptive thermal and mechanical sensitivity of the knee affected by CRPS and the contralateral non-painful knee area. Results At baseline, CRPS subjects showed significantly increased thresholds for warmth, tactile and vibration detection (WDT, MDT and VDT) and exaggerated pain summation (WUR). After 3 months of unilateral L4-DRGSTIM all pain parameters exhibited trends towards normalization of sensitivity accumulating to a significant overall normalization for pain sensitivity (effect size: 0.91, p < 0.01), while with the one exception of WDT all non-nociceptive QST parameters remained unchanged. Overall change of non-nociceptive detection was negligible (effect size: 0.25, p > 0.40). Notably, reduction of pain summation (WUR) correlated significantly with pain reduction after 3 months of L4-DRGSTIM. Conclusions Selective L4-DRGSTIM lowered ongoing pain in CRPS patients and evoked significant normalization in the pain domain of the somatosensory profile. Thermoreception and mechanoreception remained unchanged. However, larger randomized, sham-controlled trials are highly warranted to shed more light on effects and mechanisms of dorsal root ganglion stimulation on quantitative sensory characteristics. The study protocol was registered at the 15.11.2016 on German Register for Clinical Trials (DRKS ID 00011267). https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00011267
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kinfe
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery and Stereotaxy, Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Nico von Willebrand
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Stadlbauer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Buchfelder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas L Yearwood
- Department of Pain Management, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Sajjad Muhammad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Shafqat R Chaudhry
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-E-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sascha Gravius
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Randau
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klemens Winder
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Nadine Gravius
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Magerl
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Renthal W, Tochitsky I, Yang L, Cheng YC, Li E, Kawaguchi R, Geschwind DH, Woolf CJ. Transcriptional Reprogramming of Distinct Peripheral Sensory Neuron Subtypes after Axonal Injury. Neuron 2020; 108:128-144.e9. [PMID: 32810432 PMCID: PMC7590250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary somatosensory neurons are specialized to transmit specific types of sensory information through differences in cell size, myelination, and the expression of distinct receptors and ion channels, which together define their transcriptional and functional identity. By profiling sensory ganglia at single-cell resolution, we find that all somatosensory neuronal subtypes undergo a similar transcriptional response to peripheral nerve injury that both promotes axonal regeneration and suppresses cell identity. This transcriptional reprogramming, which is not observed in non-neuronal cells, resolves over a similar time course as target reinnervation and is associated with the restoration of original cell identity. Injury-induced transcriptional reprogramming requires ATF3, a transcription factor that is induced rapidly after injury and necessary for axonal regeneration and functional recovery. Our findings suggest that transcription factors induced early after peripheral nerve injury confer the cellular plasticity required for sensory neurons to transform into a regenerative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Renthal
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ivan Tochitsky
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Cir., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lite Yang
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Cir., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yung-Chih Cheng
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Cir., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emmy Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Cir., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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144
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Tavares-Ferreira D, Ray PR, Sankaranarayanan I, Mejia GL, Wangzhou A, Shiers S, Uttarkar R, Megat S, Barragan-Iglesias P, Dussor G, Akopian AN, Price TJ. Sex Differences in Nociceptor Translatomes Contribute to Divergent Prostaglandin Signaling in Male and Female Mice. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 91:129-140. [PMID: 33309016 PMCID: PMC8019688 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are clinically relevant sex differences in acute and chronic pain mechanisms, but we are only beginning to understand their mechanistic basis. Transcriptome analyses of rodent whole dorsal root ganglion (DRG) have revealed sex differences, mostly in immune cells. We examined the transcriptome and translatome of the mouse DRG with the goal of identifying sex differences. METHODS We used translating ribosome affinity purification sequencing and behavioral pharmacology to test the hypothesis that in Nav1.8-positive neurons, most of which are nociceptors, translatomes would differ by sex. RESULTS We found 80 genes with sex differential expression in the whole DRG transcriptome and 66 genes whose messenger RNAs were sex differentially actively translated (translatome). We also identified different motifs in the 3' untranslated region of messenger RNAs that were sex differentially translated. In further validation studies, we focused on Ptgds, which was increased in the translatome of female mice. The messenger RNA encodes the prostaglandin PGD2 synthesizing enzyme. We observed increased PTGDS protein and PGD2 in female mouse DRG. The PTGDS inhibitor AT-56 caused intense pain behaviors in male mice but was only effective at high doses in female mice. Conversely, female mice responded more robustly to another major prostaglandin, PGE2, than did male mice. PTGDS protein expression was also higher in female cortical neurons, suggesting that DRG findings may be generalizable to other nervous system structures. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate sex differences in nociceptor-enriched translatomes and reveal unexpected sex differences in one of the oldest known nociceptive signaling molecule families, the prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Tavares-Ferreira
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies
| | - Pradipta R. Ray
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies
| | | | - Galo L. Mejia
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies
| | - Andi Wangzhou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies
| | - Ruta Uttarkar
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies
| | - Salim Megat
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies
| | | | - Gregory Dussor
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies
| | - Armen N. Akopian
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, Department of Endodontics
| | - Theodore J. Price
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies,correspondence to Theodore J Price – , 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson TX 75080, USA, 972-883-4311
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145
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Ray PR, Wangzhou A, Ghneim N, Yousuf MS, Paige C, Tavares-Ferreira D, Mwirigi JM, Shiers S, Sankaranarayanan I, McFarland AJ, Neerukonda SV, Davidson S, Dussor G, Burton MD, Price TJ. A pharmacological interactome between COVID-19 patient samples and human sensory neurons reveals potential drivers of neurogenic pulmonary dysfunction. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:559-568. [PMID: 32497778 PMCID: PMC7263237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus infects cells of the airway and lungs in humans causing the disease COVID-19. This disease is characterized by cough, shortness of breath, and in severe cases causes pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which can be fatal. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma from mild and severe cases of COVID-19 have been profiled using protein measurements and bulk and single cell RNA sequencing. Onset of pneumonia and ARDS can be rapid in COVID-19, suggesting a potential neuronal involvement in pathology and mortality. We hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection drives changes in immune cell-derived factors that then interact with receptors expressed by the sensory neuronal innervation of the lung to further promote important aspects of disease severity, including ARDS. We sought to quantify how immune cells might interact with sensory innervation of the lung in COVID-19 using published data from patients, existing RNA sequencing datasets from human dorsal root ganglion neurons and other sources, and a genome-wide ligand-receptor pair database curated for pharmacological interactions relevant for neuro-immune interactions. Our findings reveal a landscape of ligand-receptor interactions in the lung caused by SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and point to potential interventions to reduce the burden of neurogenic inflammation in COVID-19 pulmonary disease. In particular, our work highlights opportunities for clinical trials with existing or under development rheumatoid arthritis and other (e.g. CCL2, CCR5 or EGFR inhibitors) drugs to treat high risk or severe COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta R Ray
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Pain Neurobiology Research Group, USA.
| | - Andi Wangzhou
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Pain Neurobiology Research Group, USA
| | - Nizar Ghneim
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Pain Neurobiology Research Group, USA
| | - Muhammad S Yousuf
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Pain Neurobiology Research Group, USA
| | - Candler Paige
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Pain Neurobiology Research Group, USA
| | - Diana Tavares-Ferreira
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Pain Neurobiology Research Group, USA
| | - Juliet M Mwirigi
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Pain Neurobiology Research Group, USA
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Pain Neurobiology Research Group, USA
| | - Ishwarya Sankaranarayanan
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Pain Neurobiology Research Group, USA
| | - Amelia J McFarland
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Pain Neurobiology Research Group, USA
| | - Sanjay V Neerukonda
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Pain Neurobiology Research Group, USA
| | - Steve Davidson
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, USA
| | - Gregory Dussor
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Pain Neurobiology Research Group, USA
| | - Michael D Burton
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Neuroimmunology and Behavior Research Group, USA
| | - Theodore J Price
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Pain Neurobiology Research Group, USA.
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146
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Mecklenburg J, Zou Y, Wangzhou A, Garcia D, Lai Z, Tumanov AV, Dussor G, Price TJ, Akopian AN. Transcriptomic sex differences in sensory neuronal populations of mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15278. [PMID: 32943709 PMCID: PMC7499251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many chronic pain conditions show sex differences in their epidemiology. This could be attributed to sex-dependent differential expression of genes (DEGs) involved in nociceptive pathways, including sensory neurons. This study aimed to identify sex-dependent DEGs in estrous female versus male sensory neurons, which were prepared by using different approaches and ganglion types. RNA-seq on non-purified sensory neuronal preparations, such as whole dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and hindpaw tissues, revealed only a few sex-dependent DEGs. Sensory neuron purification increased numbers of sex-dependent DEGs. These DEG sets were substantially influenced by preparation approaches and ganglion types [DRG vs trigeminal ganglia (TG)]. Percoll-gradient enriched DRG and TG neuronal fractions produced distinct sex-dependent DEG groups. We next isolated a subset of sensory neurons by sorting DRG neurons back-labeled from paw and thigh muscle. These neurons have a unique sex-dependent DEG set, yet there is similarity in biological processes linked to these different groups of sex-dependent DEGs. Female-predominant DEGs in sensory neurons relate to inflammatory, synaptic transmission and extracellular matrix reorganization processes that could exacerbate neuro-inflammation severity, especially in TG. Male-selective DEGs were linked to oxidative phosphorylation and protein/molecule metabolism and production. Our findings catalog preparation-dependent sex differences in neuronal gene expressions in sensory ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mecklenburg
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yi Zou
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andi Wangzhou
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Dawn Garcia
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Gregory Dussor
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Theodore J Price
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Armen N Akopian
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, The School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
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147
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Yousuf
- University of Texas at Dallas, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Richardson, TX, USA.
| | - Theodore J Price
- University of Texas at Dallas, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Richardson, TX, USA.
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148
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Marvaldi L, Panayotis N, Alber S, Dagan SY, Okladnikov N, Koppel I, Di Pizio A, Song DA, Tzur Y, Terenzio M, Rishal I, Gordon D, Rother F, Hartmann E, Bader M, Fainzilber M. Importin α3 regulates chronic pain pathways in peripheral sensory
neurons. Science 2020; 369:842-846. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz5875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
How is neuropathic pain regulated in peripheral sensory neurons?
Importins are key regulators of nucleocytoplasmic transport. In this study,
we found that importin α3 (also known as karyopherin subunit alpha 4) can
control pain responsiveness in peripheral sensory neurons in mice. Importin
α3 knockout or sensory neuron–specific knockdown in mice reduced
responsiveness to diverse noxious stimuli and increased tolerance to
neuropathic pain. Importin α3–bound c-Fos and importin α3–deficient neurons
were impaired in c-Fos nuclear import. Knockdown or dominant-negative
inhibition of c-Fos or c-Jun in sensory neurons reduced neuropathic pain. In
silico screens identified drugs that mimic importin α3 deficiency. These
drugs attenuated neuropathic pain and reduced c-Fos nuclear localization.
Thus, perturbing c-Fos nuclear import by importin α3 in peripheral neurons
can promote analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Marvaldi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nicolas Panayotis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Stefanie Alber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shachar Y. Dagan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nataliya Okladnikov
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Indrek Koppel
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Agostina Di Pizio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Didi-Andreas Song
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yarden Tzur
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Marco Terenzio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan
| | - Ida Rishal
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dalia Gordon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Franziska Rother
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Structural and Cellular Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Enno Hartmann
- Center for Structural and Cellular Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Structural and Cellular Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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149
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Neuroendocrine Mechanisms Governing Sex Differences in Hyperalgesic Priming Involve Prolactin Receptor Sensory Neuron Signaling. J Neurosci 2020; 40:7080-7090. [PMID: 32801151 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1499-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many clinical and preclinical studies report higher prevalence and severity of chronic pain in females. We used hyperalgesic priming with interleukin 6 (IL-6) priming and PGE2 as a second stimulus as a model for pain chronicity. Intraplantar IL-6 induced hypersensitivity was similar in magnitude and duration in both males and females, while both paw and intrathecal PGE2 hypersensitivity was more persistent in females. This difference in PGE2 response was dependent on both circulating estrogen and translation regulation signaling in the spinal cord. In males, the duration of hypersensitivity was regulated by testosterone. Since the prolactin receptor (Prlr) is regulated by reproductive hormones and is female-selectively activated in sensory neurons, we evaluated whether Prlr signaling contributes to hyperalgesic priming. Using ΔPRL, a competitive Prlr antagonist, and a mouse line with ablated Prlr in the Nav1.8 sensory neuronal population, we show that Prlr in sensory neurons is necessary for the development of hyperalgesic priming in female, but not male, mice. Overall, sex-specific mechanisms in the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain are regulated by the neuroendocrine system and, specifically, sensory neuronal Prlr signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Females are more likely to experience chronic pain than males, but the mechanisms that underlie this sex difference are not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that the duration of mechanical hypersensitivity is dependent on circulating sex hormones in mice, where estrogen caused an extension of sensitivity and testosterone was responsible for a decrease in the duration of the hyperalgesic priming model of chronic pain. Additionally, we demonstrated that prolactin receptor expression in Nav1.8+ neurons was necessary for hyperalgesic priming in female, but not male, mice. Our work demonstrates a female-specific mechanism for the promotion of chronic pain involving the neuroendrocrine system and mediated by sensory neuronal prolactin receptor.
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150
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Chakrabarti S, Pattison LA, Doleschall B, Rickman RH, Blake H, Callejo G, Heppenstall PA, Smith ESJ. Intraarticular Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype AAV-PHP.S-Mediated Chemogenetic Targeting of Knee-Innervating Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Alleviates Inflammatory Pain in Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1749-1758. [PMID: 32418284 DOI: 10.1002/art.41314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Joint pain is the major clinical symptom of arthritis that affects millions of people. Controlling the excitability of knee-innervating dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons (knee neurons) could potentially provide pain relief. We undertook this study to evaluate whether the newly engineered adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype, AAV-PHP.S, can deliver functional artificial receptors to control knee neuron excitability following intraarticular knee injection. METHODS The AAV-PHP.S virus, packaged with dTomato fluorescent protein and either excitatory (Gq ) or inhibitory (Gi ) designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs), was injected into the knee joints of adult mice. Labeling of DRG neurons with AAV-PHP.S from the knee was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The functionality of Gq - and Gi -DREADDs was evaluated using whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology on acutely cultured DRG neurons. Pain behavior in mice was assessed using a digging assay, dynamic weight bearing, and rotarod performance, before and after intraperitoneal administration of the DREADD activator, Compound 21. RESULTS We showed that AAV-PHP.S can deliver functional genes into ~7% of lumbar DRG neurons when injected into the knee joint in a similar manner to the well-established retrograde tracer, fast blue. Short-term activation of AAV-PHP.S-delivered Gq -DREADD increased excitability of knee neurons in vitro (P = 0.02 by unpaired t-test), without inducing overt pain in mice when activated in vivo. By contrast, in vivo Gi -DREADD activation alleviated digging deficits induced by Freund's complete adjuvant-mediated knee inflammation (P = 0.0002 by repeated-measures analysis of variance [ANOVA] followed by Holm-Sidak multiple comparisons test). A concomitant decrease in knee neuron excitability was observed in vitro (P = 0.005 by ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak multiple comparisons test). CONCLUSION We describe an AAV-mediated chemogenetic approach to specifically control joint pain, which may be utilized in translational arthritic pain research.
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