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Ivanizs L, Monostori I, Farkas A, Megyeri M, Mikó P, Türkösi E, Gaál E, Lenykó-Thegze A, Szőke-Pázsi K, Szakács É, Darkó É, Kiss T, Kilian A, Molnár I. Unlocking the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of a Wild Gene Source of Wheat, Aegilops biuncialis Vis., and Its Relationship With the Heading Time. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1531. [PMID: 31824545 PMCID: PMC6882925 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic diversity of Aegilops biuncialis, a valuable source of agronomical useful genes, may significantly facilitate the introgression breeding of wheat. The genetic diversity and population structure of 86 Ae. biuncialis genotypes were investigated by 32700 DArT markers with the simultaneous application of three statistical methods- neighbor-joining clustering, Principal Coordinate Analysis, and the Bayesian approach to classification. The collection of Ae. biuncialis accessions was divided into five groups that correlated well with their eco-geographic habitat: A (North Africa), B (mainly from Balkans), C (Kosovo and Near East), D (Turkey, Crimea, and Peloponnese), and E (Azerbaijan and the Levant region). The diversity between the Ae. biuncialis accessions for a phenological trait (heading time), which is of decisive importance in the adaptation of plants to different eco-geographical environments, was studied over 3 years. A comparison of the intraspecific variation in the heading time trait by means of analysis of variance and principal component analysis revealed four phenotypic categories showing association with the genetic structure and geographic distribution, except for minor differences. The detailed exploration of genetic and phenologic divergence provides an insight into the adaptation capacity of Ae. biuncialis, identifying promising genotypes that could be utilized for wheat improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Ivanizs
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - István Monostori
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - András Farkas
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Mária Megyeri
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Péter Mikó
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Edina Türkösi
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Eszter Gaál
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | | | - Kitti Szőke-Pázsi
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Éva Szakács
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Éva Darkó
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kiss
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Andrzej Kilian
- University of Canberra, Diversity Array Technologies, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - István Molnár
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
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102
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Mayta ML, Hajirezaei MR, Carrillo N, Lodeyro AF. Leaf Senescence: The Chloroplast Connection Comes of Age. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E495. [PMID: 31718069 PMCID: PMC6918220 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a developmental process critical for plant fitness, which involves genetically controlled cell death and ordered disassembly of macromolecules for reallocating nutrients to juvenile and reproductive organs. While natural leaf senescence is primarily associated with aging, it can also be induced by environmental and nutritional inputs including biotic and abiotic stresses, darkness, phytohormones and oxidants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a common thread in stress-dependent cell death and also increase during leaf senescence. Involvement of chloroplast redox chemistry (including ROS propagation) in modulating cell death is well supported, with photosynthesis playing a crucial role in providing redox-based signals to this process. While chloroplast contribution to senescence received less attention, recent findings indicate that changes in the redox poise of these organelles strongly affect senescence timing and progress. In this review, the involvement of chloroplasts in leaf senescence execution is critically assessed in relation to available evidence and the role played by environmental and developmental cues such as stress and phytohormones. The collected results indicate that chloroplasts could cooperate with other redox sources (e.g., mitochondria) and signaling molecules to initiate the committed steps of leaf senescence for a best use of the recycled nutrients in plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín L. Mayta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina;
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany;
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina;
| | - Anabella F. Lodeyro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina;
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103
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Sivasakthi K, Marques E, Kalungwana N, Carrasquilla-Garcia N, Chang PL, Bergmann EM, Bueno E, Cordeiro M, Sani SGA, Udupa SM, Rather IA, Rouf Mir R, Vadez V, Vandemark GJ, Gaur PM, Cook DR, Boesch C, von Wettberg EJ, Kholova J, Penmetsa RV. Functional Dissection of the Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) Stay-Green Phenotype Associated with Molecular Variation at an Ortholog of Mendel's I Gene for Cotyledon Color: Implications for Crop Production and Carotenoid Biofortification. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5562. [PMID: 31703441 PMCID: PMC6888616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
"Stay-green" crop phenotypes have been shown to impact drought tolerance and nutritional content of several crops. We aimed to genetically describe and functionally dissect the particular stay-green phenomenon found in chickpeas with a green cotyledon color of mature dry seed and investigate its potential use for improvement of chickpea environmental adaptations and nutritional value. We examined 40 stay-green accessions and a set of 29 BC2F4-5 stay-green introgression lines using a stay-green donor parent ICC 16340 and two Indian elite cultivars (KAK2, JGK1) as recurrent parents. Genetic studies of segregating populations indicated that the green cotyledon trait is controlled by a single recessive gene that is invariantly associated with the delayed degreening (extended chlorophyll retention). We found that the chickpea ortholog of Mendel's I locus of garden pea, encoding a SGR protein as very likely to underlie the persistently green cotyledon color phenotype of chickpea. Further sequence characterization of this chickpea ortholog CaStGR1 (CaStGR1, for carietinum stay-green gene 1) revealed the presence of five different molecular variants (alleles), each of which is likely a loss-of-function of the chickpea protein (CaStGR1) involved in chlorophyll catabolism. We tested the wild type and green cotyledon lines for components of adaptations to dry environments and traits linked to agronomic performance in different experimental systems and different levels of water availability. We found that the plant processes linked to disrupted CaStGR1 gene did not functionality affect transpiration efficiency or water usage. Photosynthetic pigments in grains, including provitaminogenic carotenoids important for human nutrition, were 2-3-fold higher in the stay-green type. Agronomic performance did not appear to be correlated with the presence/absence of the stay-green allele. We conclude that allelic variation in chickpea CaStGR1 does not compromise traits linked to environmental adaptation and agronomic performance, and is a promising genetic technology for biofortification of provitaminogenic carotenoids in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaliamoorthy Sivasakthi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, India; (K.S.); (V.V.); (P.M.G.)
| | - Edward Marques
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, and Gund Institute for the Environment, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (E.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Ng’andwe Kalungwana
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; (N.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Noelia Carrasquilla-Garcia
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.C.-G.); (P.L.C.); (E.M.B.); (M.C.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Peter L. Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.C.-G.); (P.L.C.); (E.M.B.); (M.C.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Emily M. Bergmann
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.C.-G.); (P.L.C.); (E.M.B.); (M.C.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Erika Bueno
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, and Gund Institute for the Environment, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (E.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Matilde Cordeiro
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.C.-G.); (P.L.C.); (E.M.B.); (M.C.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Syed Gul A.S. Sani
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.C.-G.); (P.L.C.); (E.M.B.); (M.C.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Sripada M. Udupa
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O.Box 6299, Rue Hafiane Cherkaoui, 10112 Rabat, Morocco;
| | - Irshad A. Rather
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology (SKUAST), Sopore 193 201, India; (I.A.R.); (R.R.M.)
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology (SKUAST), Sopore 193 201, India; (I.A.R.); (R.R.M.)
| | - Vincent Vadez
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, India; (K.S.); (V.V.); (P.M.G.)
| | - George J. Vandemark
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research, USDA-ARS, and, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Pooran M. Gaur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, India; (K.S.); (V.V.); (P.M.G.)
| | - Douglas R. Cook
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.C.-G.); (P.L.C.); (E.M.B.); (M.C.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; (N.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Eric J.B. von Wettberg
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, and Gund Institute for the Environment, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (E.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Jana Kholova
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, India; (K.S.); (V.V.); (P.M.G.)
| | - R. Varma Penmetsa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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104
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Rezaei MK, Deokar AA, Arganosa G, Roorkiwal M, Pandey SK, Warkentin TD, Varshney RK, Tar An B. Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Carotenoid Concentration in Three F 2 Populations of Chickpea. THE PLANT GENOME 2019; 12:1-12. [PMID: 33016578 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2019.07.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses for carotenoids in chickpea were completed for three F2 populations. A moderate number of QTLs and candidate genes associated with carotenoid concentration in chickpea seeds were identified. Green cotyledon color is positively associated with provitamin A carotenoids. Three F2 populations derived from crosses between cultivars with green and yellow cotyledon colors were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with carotenoid components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds developed by the Crop Development Centre (CDC). Carotenoids including violaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene were assessed in the F2:3 seeds via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the 'CDC Jade' × 'CDC Frontier' population, 1068 bin markers derived from the 50K Axiom CicerSNP array were mapped onto eight linkage groups (LGs). Eight QTLs, including two each for β-carotene and zeaxanthin and one each for total carotenoids, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, and violaxanthin were identified in this population. In the 'CDC Cory' × 'CDC Jade' population, 694 bin markers were mapped onto eight LGs and one partial LG. Quantitative trait loci for β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, violaxanthin, lutein, and total carotenoids were identified on LG8. A map with eight LGs was developed from 581 bin markers in the third population derived from the 'ICC4475' × 'CDC Jade' cross. One QTL for β-carotene and four QTLs, one each for β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, lutein, and total carotenoids, were identified in this population. The highest phenotypic variation explained by the QTLs was for β-carotene, which ranged from 58 to 70% in all three populations. A major gene for cotyledon color was mapped on LG8 in each population. A significant positive correlation between cotyledon color and carotenoid concentration was observed. Potential candidate genes associated with carotenoid components were obtained and their locations on the chickpea genome are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K Rezaei
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Amit A Deokar
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Gene Arganosa
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | | | | | - Thomas D Warkentin
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | | | - Bunyamin Tar An
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Canada
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105
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Wang L, Wu LM, Greaves IK, Dennis ES, Peacock WJ. In Arabidopsis hybrids and Hybrid Mimics, up-regulation of cell wall biogenesis is associated with the increased plant size. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00174. [PMID: 31709383 PMCID: PMC6834268 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid breeding is of economic importance in agriculture for increasing yield, yet the basis of heterosis is not well understood. In Arabidopsis, crosses between different accessions produce hybrids with different levels of heterosis relative to parental phenotypes in biomass. In all hybrids, the advantage of the F1 hybrid in both phenotypic uniformity and yield gain is lost in the heterogeneous F2. F5/F6 Hybrid Mimics generated from a cross between C24 and Landsberg erecta (Ler) ecotypes demonstrated that the large plant phenotype of the F1 hybrids can be stabilized. Hybrid Mimic selection was applied to Wassilewskija (Ws)/Ler and Col/Ler hybrids. The two hybrids show different levels of heterosis. The Col/Ler hybrid generated F7 Hybrid Mimics with rosette diameter and fresh weight equivalent to the F1 hybrid at 30 DAS; F7 Ws/Ler Hybrid Mimics outperformed the F1 hybrid in both the rosette size and biomass. Transcriptome analysis revealed up-regulation of cell wall biosynthesis, and cell wall expansion genes could be a common pathway in increased size in the Arabidopsis hybrids and Hybrid Mimics. Intercross of two independent Hybrid Mimic lines can further increase the biomass gain. Our results encourage the use of Hybrid Mimics for breeding and for investigating the molecular basis of heterosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of TechnologySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Li Min Wu
- Agriculture and FoodCommonwealth Scientific Industrial Research OrganisationCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Ian K. Greaves
- Agriculture and FoodCommonwealth Scientific Industrial Research OrganisationCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Elizabeth S. Dennis
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of TechnologySydneyNSWAustralia
- Agriculture and FoodCommonwealth Scientific Industrial Research OrganisationCanberraACTAustralia
| | - William James Peacock
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of TechnologySydneyNSWAustralia
- Agriculture and FoodCommonwealth Scientific Industrial Research OrganisationCanberraACTAustralia
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106
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Mutation of ONAC096 Enhances Grain Yield by Increasing Panicle Number and Delaying Leaf Senescence during Grain Filling in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205241. [PMID: 31652646 PMCID: PMC6829889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring genetic methods to improve yield in grain crops such as rice (Oryza sativa) is essential to help meet the needs of the increasing population. Here, we report that rice ONAC096 affects grain yield by regulating leaf senescence and panicle number. ONAC096 expression increased rapidly in rice leaves upon the initiation of aging- and dark-induced senescence. Two independent T-DNA insertion mutants (onac096-1 and onac096-2) with downregulated ONAC096 expression retained their green leaf color during natural senescence in the field, thus extending their photosynthetic capacity. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR analysis showed that ONAC096 upregulated genes controlling chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence. Repressed OsCKX2 (encoding cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase) expression in the onac096 mutants led to a 15% increase in panicle number without affecting grain weight or fertility. ONAC096 mediates abscisic acid (ABA)-induced leaf senescence by upregulating the ABA signaling genes ABA INSENSITIVE5 and ENHANCED EM LEVEL. The onac096 mutants showed a 16% increase in grain yield, highlighting the potential for using this gene to increase grain production.
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107
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A Novel Stay-Green Mutant of Rice with Delayed Leaf Senescence and Better Harvest Index Confers Drought Tolerance. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100375. [PMID: 31561513 PMCID: PMC6843539 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three Ethyl methansulphonate (EMS)-induced stay-green mutants (SGM-1, SGM-2 and SGM-3) and their wild-type (WT), were tested for their Stay-Green (SG) and drought tolerance nature as the relation between these two attributes is not yet established in rice. In the dark induced senescence assay, SGM-3 showed delayed senescence while SGM-1 and SGM-2 showed complete lack of senescence. Mutants showed stable transcript abundance over time, for 15 candidate genes (CGs) associated with senescence, compared to the WT. SGM-3 however showed moderately increasing transcript abundance over time for ATG6a, ATG4a, NYC1, NOL and NYC3. Only SGM-3 performed better than the WT for yield and harvest index under well irrigated as well as drought conditions, though all the mutants showed better performance for other agronomic traits under both the conditions and ascorbate peroxidase activity under drought. Thus, SG trait showed positive correlation with drought tolerance though only SGM-3 could convert this into higher harvest index. Sequence analysis of 80 senescence-associated genes including the 15 CGs showed non-synonymous mutations in four and six genes in SGM-1 and SGM-2 respectively, while no SNPs were found in SGM-3. Analysis of the earlier reported Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) regions in SGM-3 revealed negligible variations from WT, suggesting it to be a novel SG mutant.
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108
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Rusinowski S, Krzyżak J, Clifton-Brown J, Jensen E, Mos M, Webster R, Sitko K, Pogrzeba M. New Miscanthus hybrids cultivated at a Polish metal-contaminated site demonstrate high stomatal regulation and reduced shoot Pb and Cd concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1377-1387. [PMID: 31254895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increased bioeconomy targets for the biomass share of renewable energy production across Europe should be met using land unsuitable for food production. Miscanthus breeding programs targeted the production of plants with a diverse range of traits allowing a wider utilization of land resources for biofuel production without competing with arable crops. These traits include increasing tolerances to drought, chilling, and to metal(loid)s excess. Two novel Miscanthus hybrids, GNT41 and GNT34, were compared against Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg) on metal-contaminated arable land in Poland. This study aimed at evaluating their yield, biomass quality and quantifying seasonal differences in photosynthetic and transpiration parameters. A secondary objective was to identify key physiological mechanisms underlying differences in metal accumulation between the investigated plants. The new hybrids produced a similar yield to Mxg (13-15 t ha-1 yr-1), had shorter shoots, higher Leaf Area Index and stem number. Based on gas exchange measurements, GNT34 exhibited isohydric (water-conserving) behavior. The stomatal response to light of the new hybrids was at least twice as fast as that of Mxg, a trait that is often associated with increased seasonal water use efficiency. This contributed to the almost 40% reduction in shoot Pb and Cd concentrations for the new hybrids as compared to Mxg. This suggested that promoting stomatal regulation in conjunction with improved water conservation may be a target for improving plants for wider use on metals contaminated land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Rusinowski
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jacek Krzyżak
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844 Katowice, Poland
| | - John Clifton-Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Jensen
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Mos
- Energene sp. z o.o., Plac Solny 15, Wrocław, 50-062, Poland
| | - Richard Webster
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Krzysztof Sitko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellońska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Pogrzeba
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844 Katowice, Poland.
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109
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Gallardo K, Besson A, Klein A, Le Signor C, Aubert G, Henriet C, Térézol M, Pateyron S, Sanchez M, Trouverie J, Avice JC, Larmure A, Salon C, Balzergue S, Burstin J. Transcriptional Reprogramming of Pea Leaves at Early Reproductive Stages. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1014. [PMID: 31440268 PMCID: PMC6693388 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important source of dietary proteins. Nutrient recycling from leaves contributes to the accumulation of seed proteins and is a pivotal determinant of protein yields in this grain legume. The aim of this study was to unveil the transcriptional regulations occurring in pea leaves before the sharp decrease in chlorophyll breakdown. As a prelude to this study, a time-series analysis of 15N translocation at the whole plant level was performed, which indicated that nitrogen recycling among organs was highly dynamic during this period and varied depending on nitrate availability. Leaves collected on vegetative and reproductive nodes were further analyzed by transcriptomics. The data revealed extensive transcriptome changes in leaves of reproductive nodes during early seed development (from flowering to 14 days after flowering), including an up-regulation of genes encoding transporters, and particularly of sulfate that might sustain sulfur metabolism in leaves of the reproductive part. This developmental period was also characterized by a down-regulation of cell wall-associated genes in leaves of both reproductive and vegetative nodes, reflecting a shift in cell wall structure. Later on, 27 days after flowering, genes potentially switching the metabolism of leaves toward senescence were pinpointed, some of which are related to ribosomal RNA processing, autophagy, or transport systems. Transcription factors differentially regulated in leaves between stages were identified and a gene co-expression network pointed out some of them as potential regulators of the above-mentioned biological processes. The same approach was conducted in Medicago truncatula to identify shared regulations with this wild legume species. Altogether the results give a global view of transcriptional events in leaves of legumes at early reproductive stages and provide a valuable resource of candidate genes that could be targeted by reverse genetics to improve nutrient remobilization and/or delay catabolic processes leading to senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Gallardo
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Alicia Besson
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Anthony Klein
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Christine Le Signor
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Grégoire Aubert
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Charlotte Henriet
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Morgane Térézol
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Pateyron
- IPS2, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay), POPS-Transcriptomic Platform, Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS), Orsay, France
| | - Myriam Sanchez
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jacques Trouverie
- Normandie Université, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Caen Normandie, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale et Agronomie, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Avice
- Normandie Université, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Caen Normandie, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale et Agronomie, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Caen, France
| | - Annabelle Larmure
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Salon
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sandrine Balzergue
- IPS2, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay), POPS-Transcriptomic Platform, Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS), Orsay, France
| | - Judith Burstin
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Deslauriers A, Rossi S. Metabolic memory in the phenological events of plants: looking beyond climatic factors. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1272-1276. [PMID: 31359049 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Deslauriers
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'université, Chicoutimi, Canada
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'université, Chicoutimi, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
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111
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Wang H, Wang S, Chang X, Hao C, Sun D, Jing R. Identification of TaPPH-7A haplotypes and development of a molecular marker associated with important agronomic traits in common wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:296. [PMID: 31286893 PMCID: PMC6615193 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature senescence of flag leaf severely affects wheat yield and quality. Chlorophyll (Chl) degradation is the most obvious symptom during leaf senescence and catalyzed by a series of enzymes. Pheophytin pheophorbide hydrolase (Pheophytinase, PPH) gene encodes a Chl degradation hydrolase. RESULTS In this study, the coding, genomic and promoter sequences of wheat TaPPH-A gene were cloned. The corresponding lengths were 1467 bp, 4479 bp and 3666 bp, respectively. Sequence structure analysis showed that TaPPH-A contained five exons and four introns. After the multiple sequences alignment of TaPPH-A genome from 36 accessions in a wheat diversity panel, four SNPs and one 2-bp InDel were observed, which formed two haplotypes, TaPPH-7A-1 and TaPPH-7A-2. Based on the SNP at 1299 bp (A/G), a molecular marker TaPPH-7A-dCAPS was developed to distinguish allelic variation (A/G). Using the molecular markers, 13 SSR, and 116 SNP markers, a linkage map of chromosome 7A were integrated. TaPPH-A was mapped on the chromosome region flanked by Xwmc9 (0.94 cM) and AX-95634545 (1.04 cM) on 7A in a DH population. Association analysis between TaPPH-7A allelic variation and agronomic traits found that TaPPH-7A was associated with TGW in 11 of 12 environments and Chl content at grain-filling stage under drought stress using Population 1 consisted of 323 accessions. The accessions possessed TaPPH-7A-1 (A) had higher TGW and Chl content than those possessed TaPPH-7A-2 (G), thus TaPPH-7A-1 (A) was a favorable allelic variation. By analyzing the frequency of favorable allelic variation TaPPH-7A-1 (A) in Population 2 with 157 landraces and Population 3 with 348 modern cultivars, we found it increased from pre-1950 (0) to 1960s (54.5%), then maintained a relatively stable level about 56% from 1960s to 1990s. CONCLUSION These results suggested the favorable allelic variation TaPPH-7A-1 (A) should be valuable in enhancing grain yield by improving the source (chlorophyll content) and sink (the developing grain) simultaneously. Furthermore, the newly developed molecular marker TaPPH-7A-dCAPS could be integrated into a breeding kit of screening high TGW wheat for marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 China
| | - Xiaoping Chang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Chenyang Hao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Daizhen Sun
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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Buet A, Costa ML, Martínez DE, Guiamet JJ. Chloroplast Protein Degradation in Senescing Leaves: Proteases and Lytic Compartments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:747. [PMID: 31275332 PMCID: PMC6593067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is characterized by massive degradation of chloroplast proteins, yet the protease(s) involved is(are) not completely known. Increased expression and/or activities of serine, cysteine, aspartic, and metalloproteases were detected in senescing leaves, but these studies have not provided information on the identities of the proteases responsible for chloroplast protein breakdown. Silencing some senescence-associated proteases has delayed progression of senescence symptoms, yet it is still unclear if these proteases are directly involved in chloroplast protein breakdown. At least four cellular pathways involved in the traffic of chloroplast proteins for degradation outside the chloroplast have been described (i.e., "Rubisco-containing bodies," "senescence-associated vacuoles," "ATI1-plastid associated bodies," and "CV-containing vesicles"), which differ in their dependence on the autophagic machinery, and the identity of the proteins transported and/or degraded. Finding out the proteases involved in, for example, the degradation of Rubisco, may require piling up mutations in several senescence-associated proteases. Alternatively, targeting a proteinaceous protein inhibitor to chloroplasts may allow the inhibitor to reach "Rubisco-containing bodies," "senescence-associated vacuoles," "ATI1-plastid associated bodies," and "CV-containing vesicles" in essentially the way as chloroplast-targeted fluorescent proteins re-localize to these vesicular structures. This might help to reduce proteolytic activity, thereby reducing or slowing down plastid protein degradation during senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Buet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE, CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Lorenza Costa
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE, CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Dana E Martínez
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE, CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan J Guiamet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE, CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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113
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Khobra R, Sareen S, Meena BK, Kumar A, Tiwari V, Singh GP. Exploring the traits for lodging tolerance in wheat genotypes: a review. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:589-600. [PMID: 31168225 PMCID: PMC6522606 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The rising population entails enhancement in wheat productivity to ensure substantial food supply which often get hindered by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Lodging, due to rain and high velocity wind causes significant economic and yield losses in cereals. Hence, lodging is emerging as a major hurdle to achieve the required yield targets. Various morphological, biochemical, anatomical and genetic traits contribute to produce a plant competent enough to bear lodging stress. Hence, in this review, we intend to elaborate the cause and impact relationship of lodging and tried to link lodging tolerance traits to field practices to minimize the losses. Because of the complex nature of lodging phenomenon, it is still obscure to identify best correlated traits to screen genotype in breeding programmes. However, the genotypes with best correlated traits like plant height, culm wall thickness should be introduced/selected in breeding programmes to inculcate lodging tolerance in a high yielding variety as in recent era lodging tolerance is a key factor to enhance productivity and farmer's income as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Khobra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Sindhu Sareen
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Braj Kishor Meena
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - G. P. Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
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114
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Miner GL, Bauerle WL. Seasonal responses of photosynthetic parameters in maize and sunflower and their relationship with leaf functional traits. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1561-1574. [PMID: 30604429 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of seasonal variation in photosynthetic capacity (Pc ) are critical for modeling the time course of carbon fluxes. Given the time-intensive nature of calculating Pc parameters via gas exchange, it is appealing to calculate parameter variation via changes in chlorophyll (Chl) and nitrogen (N) content by assuming that Pc scales with these variables. Although seasonal changes in Pc and the relationships between N and Pc have been evaluated in forest canopies, there is limited data on seasonal parameter values in crops, nor is it clear if seasonal changes in Pc can be estimated from leaf traits under the high N fertility of managed systems. We characterized the seasonal variability of the maximum rates of carboxylation (Vcmax ) and electron transport (Jmax ) under well-fertilized conditions for maize (Zea mays L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and coupled these data with measurements of Chl, N, and leaf mass per unit area (LMA). The seasonal Chl-N relationship was significant in maize, but not in sunflower. Area-based N-Vcmax relationships were not significant for either crop. Mass-based N-Vcmax relationships were weak in sunflower, but highly significant in maize. Our results suggest that Pc can be seasonally adjusted in maize with reliable estimates of changes in LMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Miner
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - William L Bauerle
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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115
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Gonzalez-Bayon R, Shen Y, Groszmann M, Zhu A, Wang A, Allu AD, Dennis ES, Peacock WJ, Greaves IK. Senescence and Defense Pathways Contribute to Heterosis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:240-252. [PMID: 30710054 PMCID: PMC6501064 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrids are used extensively in agriculture due to their superior performance in seed yield and plant growth, yet the molecular mechanisms underpinning hybrid performance are not well understood. Recent evidence has suggested that a decrease in basal defense response gene expression regulated by reduced levels of salicylic acid (SA) may be important for vigor in certain hybrid combinations. Decreasing levels of SA in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accession C24 through the introduction of the SA catabolic enzyme salicylate1 hydroxylase (NahG) increases plant size, phenocopying the large-sized C24/Landsberg erecta (Ler) F1 hybrids. C24♀ × Ler♂ F1 hybrids and C24 NahG lines shared differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with plant defense and leaf senescence including decreased expression of SA biosynthetic genes and SA response genes. The expression of TL1 BINDING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1, a key regulator in resource allocation between growth and defense, was decreased in both the F1 hybrid and the C24 NahG lines, which may promote growth. Both C24 NahG lines and the F1 hybrids showed decreased expression of the key senescence-associated transcription factors WRKY53, NAC-CONTAINING PROTEIN29, and ORESARA1 with a delayed onset of senescence compared to C24 plants. The delay in senescence resulted in an extension of the photosynthetic period in the leaves of F1 hybrids compared to the parental lines, potentially allowing each leaf to contribute more resources toward growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yifei Shen
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Institute of Crop Science & Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Michael Groszmann
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Anyu Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Aihua Wang
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Annapurna D Allu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S Dennis
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - W James Peacock
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Ian K Greaves
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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The H3K27me3 demethylase REF6 promotes leaf senescence through directly activating major senescence regulatory and functional genes in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008068. [PMID: 30969965 PMCID: PMC6457497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of histone demethylation in the regulation of plant flowering, disease resistance, rhythmical response, and seed germination have been elucidated recently; however, how histone demethylation affects leaf senescence remains largely unclear. In this study, we exploited yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) to screen for the upstream regulators of NONYELLOWING1 (NYE1), and identified RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING6 (REF6), a histone H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) demethylase, as a putative binding protein of NYE1 promoter. By in vivo and in vitro analyses, we demonstrated that REF6 directly binds to the motif CTCGYTY in NYE1/2 promoters through its zinc finger domain and positively regulates their expression. Loss-of-function of REF6 delayed chlorophyll (Chl) degradation, whereas overexpression of REF6 accelerated Chl degradation. Subsequently, we revealed that REF6 positively regulates the general senescence process by directly up-regulating ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2), ORESARA1 (ORE1), NAC-LIKE, ACTIVATED BY AP3/PI (NAP), PYRUVATE ORTHOPHOSPHATE DIKINASE (PPDK), PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4), LIPOXYGENASE 1 (LOX1), NAC DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 3 (AtNAC3), and NAC TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-LIKE 9 (NTL9), the key regulatory and functional genes predominantly involved in the regulation of developmental leaf senescence. Importantly, loss-of-function of REF6 increased H3K27me3 levels at all the target Senescence associated genes (SAGs). We therefore conclusively demonstrate that H3K27me3 methylation represents an epigenetic mechanism prohibiting the premature transcriptional activation of key developmentally up-regulated senescence regulatory as well as functional genes in Arabidopsis. Leaves of higher plants start yellowing and subsequently die (senescence) at particular developmental stages as a result of both internal and external regulations. Leaf senescence is evolved to facilitate nutrient remobilization to young/important organs to meet their rapid development, and a large number of genes (Senescence associated genes, SAGs) are activated to regulate/facilitate the process. It has been intriguing how these genes are kept transcriptionally inactive to ensure an effective photosynthesis before the initiation of leaf senescence. Here, we reveal an epigenetic mechanism responsible for the prohibition of their premature transcription. We found that an H3K27me3 demethylase, RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING 6 (REF6), directly promotes the expression of its ten target senescence regulatory and functional genes (EIN2, ORE1, NAP, AtNAC3, NTL9, NYE1/2, LOX1, PAD4, and PPDK), which are involved in major phytohormones’ signaling, biosynthesis, and chlorophyll degradation. Crucially, REF6 is substantially involved in promoting the H3K27me3 demethylation of both their promoter and/or coding regions during the aging process of leaves. We therefore provide conclusive evidence that H3K27me3 methylation is an epigenetic mechanism hindering the premature transcriptional activation of key SAGs, which helps to explain the “aging effect” of senescence initiation.
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117
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Desoky ESM, Elrys AS, Rady MM. Integrative moringa and licorice extracts application improves Capsicum annuum fruit yield and declines its contaminant contents on a heavy metals-contaminated saline soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:50-60. [PMID: 30419506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Green approaches for improving plant performance using natural supplementations are highly seeking. Following a preliminary study conducted on contaminated saline (EC = 7.75 dS m-1) and normal (EC = 1.4 dS m-1) soils, two main field trials were conducted to study the potential effects of licorice root (LRE; 0.5%) and moringa seed (MSE; 0.5%) extracts, supplemented to soil through irrigation water (SA) and/or as foliar spray (FS), on performance, physio-biochemical components, antioxidant defense system, and contaminants contents of Capsicum annuum plants grown on heavy metals-contaminated saline soil. Both extracts were applied in single treatments such as LRE-SA, MSE-SA, LRE-FS, and MSE-FS or in integrations like LRE-SA+LRE-FS, LRE-SA+MSE-FS, MSE-SA+LRE-FS, and MSE-SA+MSE-FS. The preliminary study results showed significant reductions in plant performance (growth and yield), chlorophylls content and significant increase in Cd content due to heavy metals and salt stress. However, LRE and MSE applied singly or in combinations positively modified these parameters compared to the control (SA and FS were applied with tap water). On the other hand, these parameters were not responded to LRE and/or MSE applications on the normal soil. The main studies results showed that all single or integrative treatments significantly increased plant growth and yield, leaf contents of leaf photosynthetic pigments, free proline, total soluble sugars, N, P, and K+, ratio of K+/Na+, and activities of CAT, POX, APX, SOD, and GR. In contrast, contaminants; Na+, Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni contents in plant leaves and fruits were significantly reduced on heavy metals-contaminated saline soil compared to the control. Additionally, all integrative treatments significantly exceeded all single treatments in this concern. The integrative MSE-SA+LRE-FS was the best treatment that is recommended to be used to maximize pepper plant performances and minimize plant contaminant contents on contaminated saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed M Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Elrys
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt.
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Zhu K, Tao H, Xu S, Li K, Zafar S, Cao W, Yang Y. Overexpression of salt-induced protein (salT) delays leaf senescence in rice. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 42:80-86. [PMID: 30730528 PMCID: PMC6428123 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence, a highly programmed process, largely determines yield and quality of crops. However, knowledge about the onset and progression of leaf senescence in crop plants is still limited. Here, we report that salt-induced protein (salT), a new gene, may be involved in leaf senescence. Overexpressing salT could prolong the duration of leaves with higher concentrations of chlorophyll compared with the wild type. Moreover, overexpression of salT could delay the senescence of rice leaves though the inhibition of senescence associated genes (SAGs). Overall, the characterization of salT suggested that it is a new gene affecting the leaf senescence induced by natural and dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Tao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixia Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sundus Zafar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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119
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Desoky ESM, Elrys AS, Rady MM. Licorice Root Extract Boosts <i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. Production and Reduces Fruit Contamination on a Heavy Metals-Contaminated Saline Soil. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56431/p-f96647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Natural supplementations are used in agriculture nowadays not only for improving plant performance but also for reducing the contamination of plant edible parts. Two field trials were conducted to study the potential effects of licorice root extract (LRE; 0.5%) on performance, physio-biochemical components, antioxidant defense system, and contaminants concentrations of Capsicum annuum L. plants grown on a saline soil contaminated with heavy metals. LRE was applied in single (i.e., as rhizosphere application with drip irrigation water; -RA or as foliar spray; -FA) or in integration (i.e., LRE-RA + LRE-FA) treatment. The results showed that both single or integrative treatments significantly increased plant growth and yield, leaf concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, free proline, total soluble sugars, N, P, and K+, ratio of K+/Na+, and activities of CAT, POX, APX, SOD and GR, while significantly reduced contaminants; Na+, Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni concentrations in plant leaves and fruits on heavy metals-contaminated saline soil compared to the control (without LRE). Additionally, the integrative LRE-RA + LRE-FA treatment significantly exceeded both single treatments in this concern, which had been recommended for maximizing pepper plant performances with minimizing heavy metals in fruits on contaminated saline soils.
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Chen W, Sheng Z, Cai Y, Li Q, Wei X, Xie L, Jiao G, Shao G, Tang S, Wang J, Hu P. Rice Morphogenesis and Chlorophyll Accumulation Is Regulated by the Protein Encoded by NRL3 and Its Interaction With NAL9. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:175. [PMID: 30838015 PMCID: PMC6390494 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rice yield is closely related to plant leaf shape and chlorophyll content. In this study, we isolated and identified a narrow and rolled leaf mutant, temporarily named nrl3 with darker green leaves. Histological analysis showed that nrl3 has a reduced number of vascular bundles and undergoes abnormal abaxial sclerenchymatous cell differentiation. The NRL3 mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene, fine-mapped to a 221 kb interval between Indel3 and RM2322 on Chr3. There are 42 ORF in this interval. Sequencing identified an SNP mutant leading to a premature stop in ORF 18, the candidate gene. Bioinformation analysis indicated that NRL3 encodes a novel protein with unknown function. NRL3 is localized in cytoplasm, membrane and nucleus. Expression analysis of nrl3 showed that genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis were significantly up-regulated while those involved in chlorophyll degradation and programmed cell death (PCD) were significantly down-regulated. The expression levels of photosynthesis genes were also affected. Y2H and BIFC assays indicated that NRL3 interacts directly with NAL9/VYL to regulate leaf morphology in rice. Thus, NRL3 plays an important role in leaf morphogenesis and chlorophyll accumulation, and can be used as a new gene resource for constructing improved rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Grain and Oil Crops, Agricultural College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yicong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Grain and Oil Crops, Agricultural College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Grain and Oil Crops, Agricultural College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jianlong Wang, Peisong Hu,
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Grain and Oil Crops, Agricultural College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jianlong Wang, Peisong Hu,
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Desoky ESM, Elrys AS, Rady MM. Licorice Root Extract Boosts <i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. Production and Reduces Fruit Contamination on a Heavy Metals-Contaminated Saline Soil. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.73.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural supplementations are used in agriculture nowadays not only for improving plant performance but also for reducing the contamination of plant edible parts. Two field trials were conducted to study the potential effects of licorice root extract (LRE; 0.5%) on performance, physio-biochemical components, antioxidant defense system, and contaminants concentrations ofCapsicum annuumL. plants grown on a saline soil contaminated with heavy metals. LRE was applied in single (i.e., as rhizosphere application with drip irrigation water; -RA or as foliar spray; -FA) or in integration (i.e., LRE-RA + LRE-FA) treatment. The results showed that both single or integrative treatments significantly increased plant growth and yield, leaf concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, free proline, total soluble sugars, N, P, and K+, ratio of K+/Na+, and activities of CAT, POX, APX, SOD and GR, while significantly reduced contaminants; Na+, Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni concentrations in plant leaves and fruits on heavy metals-contaminated saline soil compared to the control (without LRE). Additionally, the integrative LRE-RA + LRE-FA treatment significantly exceeded both single treatments in this concern, which had been recommended for maximizing pepper plant performances with minimizing heavy metals in fruits on contaminated saline soils.
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Luo Y, Tang Y, Zhang X, Li W, Chang Y, Pang D, Xu X, Li Y, Wang Z. Interactions between cytokinin and nitrogen contribute to grain mass in wheat cultivars by regulating the flag leaf senescence process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Emendack Y, Burke J, Bean S, Wilson J, Hayes C, Laza H. Composition, functional components, and physical characteristics of grain from staygreen and senescent sorghum lines grown under variable water availability. Cereal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Emendack
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Research; USDA-ARS; Lubbock Texas
| | - John Burke
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Research; USDA-ARS; Lubbock Texas
| | - Scott Bean
- Grain Quality and Structure Research; USDA-ARS; Manhattan Kansas
| | - Jeff Wilson
- Grain Quality and Structure Research; USDA-ARS; Manhattan Kansas
| | - Chad Hayes
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Research; USDA-ARS; Lubbock Texas
| | - Haydee Laza
- Plant and Soil Science Department; Texas Tech University; Lubbock Texas
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Semwal VK, Khanna-Chopra R. Reproductive sink enhanced drought induced senescence in wheat fertile line is associated with loss of antioxidant competence compared to its CMS line. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:591-604. [PMID: 30042615 PMCID: PMC6041228 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive sinks regulate monocarpic senescence in wheat as desinking delayed flag leaf senescence under irrigated condition. In this study, wheat cv. HW 2041 and its isonuclear male sterile line (CMS) were subjected to post-anthesis water deficit stress to understand the association between sink strength, senescence and drought response in relation to oxidative stress and antioxidant defense at cellular and sub-cellular level. CMS plants maintained better water relations and exhibited delayed onset and progression of flag leaf senescence in terms of green leaf area, chlorophyll and protein content than fertile plants under water deficit stress (WDS). Delayed senescence in CMS plants under water deficit stress was associated with less reactive oxygen species generation, lower damage to membranes and better antioxidant defense both in terms of antioxidant enzyme activities and metabolite content compared to fertile plants. Expression of some senescence associated genes (SAGs) such as WRKY transcription factor (WRKY53), glutamine synthetase1 (GS1), wheat cysteine protease (WCP2) and wheat serine protease (WSP) was lower while catalse 2 (CAT2) transcript levels were higher in the CMS plants compared to HW2041 during senescence under water deficit stress. Antioxidant defense in chloroplasts was better in CMS line under water deficit stress compared to HW2041. This is the first report showing that reproductive sink enhanced drought induced senescence in flag leaf of wheat fertile line is associated with higher oxidative stress and damage and loss of antioxidant competence compared to its sterile line under water deficit stress. Higher expression of some SAGs and decline in superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in the chloroplasts also contributed to the accelerated senescence in fertile line compared to its CMS line under WDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Kumar Semwal
- Stress Physiology Lab, Water Technology Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Present Address: Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), C/O IITA, PMB 5320, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Renu Khanna-Chopra
- Stress Physiology Lab, Water Technology Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
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125
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Liu T, Ren T, White PJ, Cong R, Lu J. Storage nitrogen co-ordinates leaf expansion and photosynthetic capacity in winter oilseed rape. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2995-3007. [PMID: 29669007 PMCID: PMC5972566 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Storage nitrogen (N) is a buffer pool for maintaining leaf growth and synthesizing photosynthetic proteins, but the dynamics of its forms within the life cycle of a single leaf and how it is influenced by N supply remain poorly understood. A field experiment was conducted to estimate the influence of N supply on leaf growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and N partitioning inthe sixth leaf of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) from emergence through senescence. Storage N content (Nstore) decreased gradually along with leaf expansion. The relative growth rate based on leaf area (RGRa) was positively correlated with Nstore during leaf expansion. The water-soluble protein form of storage N was the main N source for leaf expansion. After the leaves fully expanded, the net photosynthetic rate (An) followed a linear-plateau response to Nstore, with An stabilizing at the highest value above a threshold and declining below the threshold. Non-protein and SDS (detergent)-soluble protein forms of storage N were the main N sources for maintaining photosynthesis. For the leaf N economy, storage N is used for co-ordinating leaf expansion and photosynthetic capacity. N supply can improve Nstore, thereby promoting leaf growth and biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Rihuan Cong
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Araus JL, Kefauver SC, Zaman-Allah M, Olsen MS, Cairns JE. Translating High-Throughput Phenotyping into Genetic Gain. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:451-466. [PMID: 29555431 PMCID: PMC5931794 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Inability to efficiently implement high-throughput field phenotyping is increasingly perceived as a key component that limits genetic gain in breeding programs. Field phenotyping must be integrated into a wider context than just choosing the correct selection traits, deployment tools, evaluation platforms, or basic data-management methods. Phenotyping means more than conducting such activities in a resource-efficient manner; it also requires appropriate trial management and spatial variability handling, definition of key constraining conditions prevalent in the target population of environments, and the development of more comprehensive data management, including crop modeling. This review will provide a wide perspective on how field phenotyping is best implemented. It will also outline how to bridge the gap between breeders and 'phenotypers' in an effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Araus
- Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Shawn C Kefauver
- Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mainassara Zaman-Allah
- Global Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Southern Africa Regional Office, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Jill E Cairns
- Global Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Southern Africa Regional Office, Harare, Zimbabwe
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127
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Akhter D, Qin R, Nath UK, Alamin M, Jin X, Shi C. The Brown Midrib Leaf (bml) Mutation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Causes Premature Leaf Senescence and the Induction of Defense Responses. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040203. [PMID: 29642546 PMCID: PMC5924545 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolating and characterizing mutants with altered senescence phenotypes is one of the ways to understand the molecular basis of leaf aging. Using ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis, a new rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, brown midrib leaf (bml), was isolated from the indica cultivar ‘Zhenong34’. The bml mutants had brown midribs in their leaves and initiated senescence prematurely, at the onset of heading. The mutants had abnormal cells with degraded chloroplasts and contained less chlorophyll compared to the wild type (WT). The bml mutant showed excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde, upregulation of senescence-induced STAY-GREEN genes and senescence-related transcription factors, and down regulation of photosynthesis-related genes. The levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were increased in bml with the upregulation of some ABA and JA biosynthetic genes. In pathogen response, bml demonstrated higher resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and upregulation of four pathogenesis-related genes compared to the WT. A genetic study confirmed that the bml trait was caused by a single recessive nuclear gene (BML). A map-based cloning using insertion/deletion markers confirmed that BML was located in the 57.32kb interval between the L5IS7 and L5IS11 markers on the short arm of chromosome 5. A sequence analysis of the candidate region identified a 1 bp substitution (G to A) in the 5′-UTR (+98) of bml. BML is a candidate gene associated with leaf senescence, ROS regulation, and disease response, also involved in hormone signaling in rice. Therefore, this gene might be useful in marker-assisted backcrossing/gene editing to improve rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delara Akhter
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Ran Qin
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Ujjal Kumar Nath
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Alamin
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xiaoli Jin
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Chunhai Shi
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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128
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Wang N, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li C, Feng H. Identification and fine mapping of a stay-green gene (Brnye1) in pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:673-684. [PMID: 29209732 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-3028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Using bulked segregant analysis combined with next-generation sequencing, we delimited the Brnye1 gene responsible for the stay-green trait of nye in pakchoi. Sequence analysis identified Bra019346 as the candidate gene. "Stay-green" refers to a plant trait whereby leaves remain green during senescence. This trait is useful in the cultivation of pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis), which is marketed as a green leaf product. This study aimed to identify the gene responsible for the stay-green trait in pakchoi. We identified a stay-green mutant in pakchoi, which we termed "nye". Genetic analysis revealed that the stay-green trait is controlled by a single recessive gene, Brnye1. Using the BSA-seq method, a 3.0-Mb candidate region was mapped on chromosome A03, which helped us localize Brnye1 to an 81.01-kb interval between SSR markers SSRWN27 and SSRWN30 via linkage analysis in an F2 population. We identified 12 genes in this region, 11 of which were annotated based on the Brassica rapa annotation database, and one was a functionally unknown gene. An orthologous gene of the Arabidopsis gene AtNYE1, Bra019346, was identified as the potential candidate for Brnye1. Sequence analysis revealed a 40-bp insertion in the second exon of Bra019346 in nye, which generated the TAA stop codon. A candidate gene-specific Indel marker in 1561 F2 individuals showed perfect cosegregation with Brnye1 in the nye mutant. These results provide a foundation for uncovering the molecular mechanism of the stay-green trait in pakchoi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chengyu Li
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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129
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Noman A, Ali Q, Maqsood J, Iqbal N, Javed MT, Rasool N, Naseem J. Deciphering physio-biochemical, yield, and nutritional quality attributes of water-stressed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants grown from Zn-Lys primed seeds. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:175-189. [PMID: 29268176 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage appears to be expedited under the current climate change scenario worldwide. The present work was aimed to investigate the effects of zinc-chelated lysine (Zn-Lys) on germination and yield of water stressed radish plants. The research was comprised of two studies where the effect of Zn-Lys seed priming on germination attributes under PEG-induced water stress was investigated in the first experiment. In the second experiment, growth, physio-biochemical, and yield responses of water-stressed radish plants raised from Zn-Lys primed seeds were recorded. The seeds pre-conditioned with 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, or 6 mg kg-1 of Zn-Lys was grown in petri-dishes and pots. Priming treatments significantly improved the germination attributes under water stress. Plants raised from primed seeds exhibited significant improvements in plant biomass production, leaf photosynthetic pigments, final root yield, and nutritional quality. Furthermore, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were increased, while the melondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased. Root flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, protein, carbohydrates, fiber and lysine content were significantly improved due to Zn-Lys seed priming, both under water-stressed and non-stressed conditions. Moreover, plant's mineral nutrients such as K and Ca as well as Mg, Fe, P, and Zn of final harvested roots were also improved due to Zn-Lys seed priming. Overall, for the induction of drought tolerance and nutritional quality, Zn-Lys regimes of 3 and 4.5 mg kg-1 were most effective. It can be inferred that the Zn-Lys priming maintained a potential balance of nutrient uptake and translocation by preventing drought-induced lipid peroxidation of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Maqsood
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - M Tariq Javed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jazia Naseem
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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130
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Yamatani H, Kohzuma K, Nakano M, Takami T, Kato Y, Hayashi Y, Monden Y, Okumoto Y, Abe T, Kumamaru T, Tanaka A, Sakamoto W, Kusaba M. Impairment of Lhca4, a subunit of LHCI, causes high accumulation of chlorophyll and the stay-green phenotype in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1027-1035. [PMID: 29304198 PMCID: PMC6019047 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll is an essential molecule for acquiring light energy during photosynthesis. Mutations that result in chlorophyll retention during leaf senescence are called 'stay-green' mutants. One of the several types of stay-green mutants, Type E, accumulates high levels of chlorophyll in the pre-senescent leaves, resulting in delayed yellowing. We isolated delayed yellowing1-1 (dye1-1), a rice mutant whose yellowing is delayed in the field. dye1-1 accumulated more chlorophyll than the wild-type in the pre-senescent and senescent leaves, but did not retain leaf functionality in the 'senescent green leaves', suggesting that dye1-1 is a Type E stay-green mutant. Positional cloning revealed that DYE1 encodes Lhca4, a subunit of the light-harvesting complex I (LHCI). In dye1-1, amino acid substitution occurs at the location of a highly conserved amino acid residue involved in pigment binding; indeed, a severely impaired structure of the PSI-LHCI super-complex in dye1-1 was observed in a blue native PAGE analysis. Nevertheless, the biomass and carbon assimilation rate of dye1-1 were comparable to those in the wild-type. Interestingly, Lhcb1, a trimeric LHCII protein, was highly accumulated in dye1-1, in the chlorophyll-protein complexes. The high accumulation of LHCII in the LHCI mutant dye1 suggests a novel functional interaction between LHCI and LHCII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamatani
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaori Kohzuma
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michiharu Nakano
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Takami
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kato
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoriko Hayashi
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Monden
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Okumoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Abe
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Kusaba
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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131
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Sade N, Del Mar Rubio-Wilhelmi M, Umnajkitikorn K, Blumwald E. Stress-induced senescence and plant tolerance to abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:845-853. [PMID: 28992323 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is an age-dependent process, ultimately leading to plant death, that in annual crop plants overlaps with the reproductive stage of development. Research on the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of leaf senescence has revealed a multi-layered regulatory network operating to control age-dependent processes. Abiotic stress-induced senescence challenges source-sink relationships and results in significant reduction in crop yields. Although processes associated with plant senescence are well studied, the mechanisms regulating stress-induced senescence are not well known. Here, we discuss the effects of abiotic stress on crop productivity, mechanisms associated with stress-induced senescence, and the possible use of these mechanisms for the generation of plant stress tolerance. We emphasize the involvement of source strength and stability of the photosynthetic apparatus in this process, and suggest a possible role of a perennial plant life strategy for the amelioration of stress-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Sade
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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132
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Mayta ML, Lodeyro AF, Guiamet JJ, Tognetti VB, Melzer M, Hajirezaei MR, Carrillo N. Expression of a Plastid-Targeted Flavodoxin Decreases Chloroplast Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and Delays Senescence in Aging Tobacco Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1039. [PMID: 30065745 PMCID: PMC6056745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a concerted physiological process involving controlled degradation of cellular structures and reallocation of breakdown products to other plant organs. It is accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are proposed to signal cell death, although both the origin and the precise role of ROS in the execution of this developmental program are still poorly understood. To investigate the contribution of chloroplast-associated ROS to natural leaf senescence, we used tobacco plants expressing a plastid-targeted flavodoxin, an electron shuttle flavoprotein present in prokaryotes and algae. When expressed in plants, flavodoxin specifically prevents ROS formation in chloroplasts during stress situations. Senescence symptoms were significantly mitigated in these transformants, with decreased accumulation of chloroplastic ROS and differential preservation of chlorophylls, carotenoids, protein contents, cell and chloroplast structures, membrane integrity and cell viability. Flavodoxin also improved maintenance of chlorophyll-protein complexes, photosynthetic electron flow, CO2 assimilation, central metabolic routes and levels of bioactive cytokinins and auxins in aging leaves. Delayed induction of senescence-associated genes indicates that the entire genetic program of senescence was affected by flavodoxin. The results suggest that ROS generated in chloroplasts are involved in the regulation of natural leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín L. Mayta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Anabella F. Lodeyro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Juan J. Guiamet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE–UNLP/CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Vanesa B. Tognetti
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Mohammad R. Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mohammad R. Hajirezaei, Néstor Carrillo,
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Mohammad R. Hajirezaei, Néstor Carrillo,
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133
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Wang M, Zhang T, Peng H, Luo S, Tan J, Jiang K, Heng Y, Zhang X, Guo X, Zheng J, Cheng Z. Rice Premature Leaf Senescence 2, Encoding a Glycosyltransferase (GT), Is Involved in Leaf Senescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:560. [PMID: 29755498 PMCID: PMC5932172 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Premature leaf senescence (PLS), which has a significant impact on yield, is caused by various underlying mechanisms. Glycosyltransferases, which function in glycosyl transfer from activated nucleotides to aglycones, are involved in diverse biological processes, but their roles in rice leaf senescence remain elusive. Here, we isolated and characterized a leaf senescence-related gene from the Premature Leaf Senescent mutant (pls2). The mutant phenotype began with leaf yellowing at tillering and resulted in PLS during the reproductive stage. Leaf senescence was associated with an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content accompanied with pronounced decreases in net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. Map-based cloning revealed that a mutation in LOC_Os03g15840 (PLS2), a putative glycosyltransferase- encoding gene, was responsible for the defective phenotype. PLS2 expression was detected in all tissues surveyed, but predominantly in leaf mesophyll cells. Subcellular localization of the PLS2 was in the endoplasmic reticulum. The pls2 mutant accumulated higher levels of sucrose together with decreased expression of sucrose metabolizing genes compared with wild type. These data suggested that the PLS2 allele is essential for normal leaf senescence and its mutation resulted in PLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Rice and Sorghum, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Jining University, Jining, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juejie Tan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Jiang
- Institute of Rice and Sorghum, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, China
| | - Yueqin Heng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakui Zheng
- Institute of Rice and Sorghum, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jiakui Zheng, Zhijun Cheng,
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiakui Zheng, Zhijun Cheng,
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134
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Yendrek CR, Erice G, Montes CM, Tomaz T, Sorgini CA, Brown PJ, McIntyre LM, Leakey ADB, Ainsworth EA. Elevated ozone reduces photosynthetic carbon gain by accelerating leaf senescence of inbred and hybrid maize in a genotype-specific manner. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:3088-3100. [PMID: 29044553 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to elevated tropospheric ozone concentration ([O3 ]) accelerates leaf senescence in many C3 crops. However, the effects of elevated [O3 ] on C4 crops including maize (Zea mays L.) are poorly understood in terms of physiological mechanism and genetic variation in sensitivity. Using free air gas concentration enrichment, we investigated the photosynthetic response of 18 diverse maize inbred and hybrid lines to season-long exposure to elevated [O3 ] (~100 nl L-1 ) in the field. Gas exchange was measured on the leaf subtending the ear throughout the grain filling period. On average over the lifetime of the leaf, elevated [O3 ] led to reductions in photosynthetic CO2 assimilation of both inbred (-22%) and hybrid (-33%) genotypes. There was significant variation among both inbred and hybrid lines in the sensitivity of photosynthesis to elevated [O3 ], with some lines showing no change in photosynthesis at elevated [O3 ]. Based on analysis of inbred line B73, the reduced CO2 assimilation at elevated [O3 ] was associated with accelerated senescence decreasing photosynthetic capacity and not altered stomatal limitation. These findings across diverse maize genotypes could advance the development of more O3 tolerant maize and provide experimental data for parameterization and validation of studies modeling how O3 impacts crop performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Yendrek
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Gorka Erice
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher M Montes
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Tiago Tomaz
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Crystal A Sorgini
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Patrick J Brown
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Lauren M McIntyre
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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135
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Smolikova G, Dolgikh E, Vikhnina M, Frolov A, Medvedev S. Genetic and Hormonal Regulation of Chlorophyll Degradation during Maturation of Seeds with Green Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1993. [PMID: 28926960 PMCID: PMC5618642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The embryos of some angiosperms (usually referred to as chloroembryos) contain chlorophylls during the whole period of embryogenesis. Developing embryos have photochemically active chloroplasts and are able to produce assimilates, further converted in reserve biopolymers, whereas at the late steps of embryogenesis, seeds undergo dehydration, degradation of chlorophylls, transformation of chloroplast in storage plastids, and enter the dormancy period. However, in some seeds, the process of chlorophyll degradation remains incomplete. These residual chlorophylls compromise the quality of seed material in terms of viability, nutritional value, and shelf life, and represent a serious challenge for breeders and farmers. The mechanisms of chlorophyll degradation during seed maturation are still not completely understood, and only during the recent decades the main pathways and corresponding enzymes could be characterized. Among the identified players, the enzymes of pheophorbide a oxygenase pathway and the proteins encoded by STAY GREEN (SGR) genes are the principle ones. On the biochemical level, abscisic acid (ABA) is the main regulator of seed chlorophyll degradation, mediating activity of corresponding catabolic enzymes on the transcriptional level. In general, a deep insight in the mechanisms of chlorophyll degradation is required to develop the approaches for production of chlorophyll-free high quality seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Smolikova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Elena Dolgikh
- All-Russia Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Maria Vikhnina
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Sergei Medvedev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
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Xuanyuan G, Lu C, Zhang R, Jiang J. Overexpression of StNF-YB3.1 reduces photosynthetic capacity and tuber production, and promotes ABA-mediated stomatal closure in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 261:50-59. [PMID: 28554693 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is one of the most ubiquitous transcription factors (TFs), comprising NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC subunits, and has been identified and reported in various aspects of development for plants and animals. In this work, StNF-YB3.1, a putative potato NF-YB subunit encoding gene, was isolated from Solanum tuberosum by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Overexpression of StNF-YB3.1 in potato (cv. Atlantic) resulted in accelerated onset of flowering, and significant increase in leaf chlorophyll content in field trials. However, transgenic potato plants overexpressing StNF-YB3.1 (OEYB3.1) showed significant decreases in photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance both at tuber initiation and bulking stages. OEYB3.1 lines were associated with significantly fewer tuber numbers and yield reduction. Guard cell size and stomatal density were not changed in OEYB3.1 plants, whereas ABA-mediated stomatal closure was accelerated compared to that of wild type plants because of the up-regulation of genes for ABA signaling, such as StCPK10-like, StSnRK2.6/OST1-like, StSnRK2.7-like and StSLAC1-like. We speculate that the acceleration of stomatal closure was a possible reason for the significantly decreased stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochao Xuanyuan
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Congming Lu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ruofang Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Jiming Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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137
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Zhao Y, Gao J, Im Kim J, Chen K, Bressan RA, Zhu JK. Control of Plant Water Use by ABA Induction of Senescence and Dormancy: An Overlooked Lesson from Evolution. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1319-1327. [PMID: 28961993 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a condition that in specific climate contexts results in insufficient water availability and often limits plant productivity through perturbing development and reducing plant growth and survival. Plants use senescence of old leaves and dormancy of buds and seeds to survive extreme environmental conditions. The plant hormone ABA accumulates after drought stress, and increases plant survival by inducing quick responses such as stomatal closure, and long-term responses such as extended growth inhibition, osmotic regulation, accumulation of cuticular wax, senescence, abscission and dormancy. Here we focus on how the long-term ABA responses contribute to plant survival during severe drought stress. Leaf senescence and abscission of older leaves reduce total plant transpirational water loss and increase the transfer of nutrients to meristems and to some storage tissues. Osmotic regulation favors water consumption in sink tissues, and accumulation of cuticular wax helps to seal the plant surface and limits non-stomatal water loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinghui Gao
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaan'xi 712100, China
| | - Jeong Im Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kong Chen
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ray A Bressan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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138
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Ferreira THS, Tsunada MS, Bassi D, Araújo P, Mattiello L, Guidelli GV, Righetto GL, Gonçalves VR, Lakshmanan P, Menossi M. Sugarcane Water Stress Tolerance Mechanisms and Its Implications on Developing Biotechnology Solutions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1077. [PMID: 28690620 PMCID: PMC5481406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is a unique crop with the ability to accumulate high levels of sugar and is a commercially viable source of biomass for bioelectricity and second-generation bioethanol. Water deficit is the single largest abiotic stress affecting sugarcane productivity and the development of water use efficient and drought tolerant cultivars is an imperative for all major sugarcane producing countries. This review summarizes the physiological and molecular studies on water deficit stress in sugarcane, with the aim to help formulate more effective research strategies for advancing our knowledge on genes and mechanisms underpinning plant response to water stress. We also overview transgenic studies in sugarcane, with an emphasis on the potential strategies to develop superior sugarcane varieties that improve crop productivity in drought-prone environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais H. S. Ferreira
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Max S. Tsunada
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Denis Bassi
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Pedro Araújo
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Lucia Mattiello
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Giovanna V. Guidelli
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Germanna L. Righetto
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R. Gonçalves
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Menossi
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
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139
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Valliyodan B, Ye H, Song L, Murphy M, Shannon JG, Nguyen HT. Genetic diversity and genomic strategies for improving drought and waterlogging tolerance in soybeans. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1835-1849. [PMID: 27927997 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought and its interaction with high temperature are the major abiotic stress factors affecting soybean yield and production stability. Ongoing climate changes are anticipated to intensify drought events, which will further impact crop production and food security. However, excessive water also limits soybean production. The success of soybean breeding programmes for crop improvement is dependent on the extent of genetic variation present in the germplasm base. Screening for natural genetic variation in drought- and flooding tolerance-related traits, including root system architecture, water and nitrogen-fixation efficiency, and yield performance indices, has helped to identify the best resources for genetic studies in soybean. Genomic resources, including whole-genome sequences of diverse germplasms, millions of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and high-throughput marker genotyping platforms, have expedited gene and marker discovery for translational genomics in soybean. This review highlights the current knowledge of the genetic diversity and quantitative trait loci associated with root system architecture, canopy wilting, nitrogen-fixation ability, and flooding tolerance that contributes to the understanding of drought- and flooding-tolerance mechanisms in soybean. Next-generation mapping approaches and high-throughput phenotyping will facilitate a better understanding of phenotype-genotype associations and help to formulate genomic-assisted breeding strategies, including genomic selection, in soybean for tolerance to drought and flooding stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Valliyodan
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Heng Ye
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Li Song
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - MacKensie Murphy
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - J Grover Shannon
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Fisher Delta Research Center, Portageville, MO 63873, USA
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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140
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Stay-Green and Associated Vegetative Indices to Breed Maize Adapted to Heat and Combined Heat-Drought Stresses. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9030235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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141
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Templer SE, Ammon A, Pscheidt D, Ciobotea O, Schuy C, McCollum C, Sonnewald U, Hanemann A, Förster J, Ordon F, von Korff M, Voll LM. Metabolite profiling of barley flag leaves under drought and combined heat and drought stress reveals metabolic QTLs for metabolites associated with antioxidant defense. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1697-1713. [PMID: 28338908 PMCID: PMC5441916 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is among the most stress-tolerant crops; however, not much is known about the genetic and environmental control of metabolic adaptation of barley to abiotic stresses. We have subjected a genetically diverse set of 81 barley accessions, consisting of Mediterranean landrace genotypes and German elite breeding lines, to drought and combined heat and drought stress at anthesis. Our aim was to (i) investigate potential differences in morphological, physiological, and metabolic adaptation to the two stress scenarios between the Mediterranean and German barley genotypes and (ii) identify metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTLs). To this end, we have genotyped the investigated barley lines with an Illumina iSelect 9K array and analyzed a set of 57 metabolites from the primary C and N as well as antioxidant metabolism in flag leaves under control and stress conditions. We found that drought-adapted genotypes attenuate leaf carbon metabolism much more strongly than elite lines during drought stress adaptation. Furthermore, we identified mQTLs for flag leaf γ-tocopherol, glutathione, and succinate content by association genetics that co-localize with genes encoding enzymes of the pathways producing these antioxidant metabolites. Our results provide the molecular basis for breeding barley cultivars with improved abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Eduard Templer
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute of Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Alexandra Ammon
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Pscheidt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Otilia Ciobotea
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Schuy
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher McCollum
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Hanemann
- Saatzucht Josef Breun GmbH & Co. KG, Amselweg 1, D-91074 Herzogenaurach, Germany
| | - Jutta Förster
- SAATEN-UNION BIOTEC GmbH, Hovedisser Strasse 92, D-33818 Leopoldshöhe, Germany
| | - Frank Ordon
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute of Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Maria von Korff
- Max Planck Institute for Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institute for Plant Genetics, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars Matthias Voll
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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142
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Li Q, Zhong S, Sun S, Fatima SA, Zhang M, Chen W, Huang Q, Tang S, Luo P. Differential effect of whole-ear shading after heading on the physiology, biochemistry and yield index of stay-green and non-stay-green wheat genotypes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171589. [PMID: 28158297 PMCID: PMC5291436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two winter wheat cultivars (the functional stay-green CN12 and non-stay-green CN19) were used to investigate the effects of ear-shading on grain yield and to elucidate the differential mechanisms of different cultivars. The photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant enzyme activities, and chlorophyll contents were measured 0, 15 and 30 days after heading (DAH) under both shaded and non-shaded conditions. The final grain-yield index was also measured. Shading had a smaller effect on the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs), maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and coefficient of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (qN) but a greater effect on both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in CN12 than it did in CN19. Shading slightly altered the timeframe of leaf senescence in CN12 and may have accelerated leaf senescence in CN19. Moreover, shading had only a small effect on the weight of grains per spike (WGS) in CN12 compared with CN19, mainly resulting from the number of grains per spike (NGS) rather than the 1000-grain weight (SGW). In conclusion, the flag leaves of functional stay-green wheat could serve as potential “buffers” and/or “compensators” for ear photosynthesis, which is actively regulated by the antioxidant enzyme system and prevents yield loss. Thus, a functional stay-green genotype could be more tolerant to environmental stress than a non-stay-green genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Biology and Chemistry, Chongqing Industry and Trade Polytechnic, Fuling District of Chongqing, China
| | - Shengfu Zhong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sifan Sun
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Syeda Akash Fatima
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianglan Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengwen Tang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peigao Luo
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory for the Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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143
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Manoharan RK, Jung HJ, Hwang I, Jeong N, Kho KH, Chung MY, Nou IS. Molecular breeding of a novel orange-brown tomato fruit with enhanced beta-carotene and chlorophyll accumulation. Hereditas 2017; 154:1. [PMID: 28096780 PMCID: PMC5226094 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-016-0023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomatoes provide a significant dietary source of the carotenoids, lycopene and β-carotene. During ripening, carotenoid accumulation determines the fruit colors while chlorophyll degradation. These traits have been, and continue to be, a significant focus for plant breeding efforts. Previous work has found strong evidence for a relationship between CYC-B gene expression and the orange color of fleshy fruit. Other work has identified a point mutation in SGR that impedes chlorophyll degradation and causes brown flesh color to be retained in some tomato varieties. METHODS We crossed two inbred lines, KNY2 (orange) and KNB1 (brown) and evaluated the relationship between these genes for their effect on fruit color. Phenotypes of F2 generation plants were analyzed and a novel 'orange-brown' fruit color was identified. RESULTS We confirm two SNPs, one in CYC-B and another in SGR gene sequence, associated with segregation of 'orange-brown' fruit color in F2 generation. The carotenoid and chlorophyll content of a fleshy fruit was assessed across the different phenotypes and showed a strong correlation with expression pattern of carotenoid biosynthesis genes and SGR function. The orange-brown fruit has high β-carotene and chlorophyll. Our results provide valuable information for breeders to develop tomato fruit of a novel color using molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Kumar Manoharan
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Jung
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Indeok Hwang
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Jeong
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hee Kho
- Department of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, 50, Daehak-ro, Yeosu, Jeonnam 59626 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Chung
- Department of Agricultural Education, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 Republic of Korea
- Present address: Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 Republic of Korea
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144
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Ferreira THS, Tsunada MS, Bassi D, Araújo P, Mattiello L, Guidelli GV, Righetto GL, Gonçalves VR, Lakshmanan P, Menossi M. Sugarcane Water Stress Tolerance Mechanisms and Its Implications on Developing Biotechnology Solutions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1077. [PMID: 28690620 PMCID: PMC5481406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01077/full 10.3389/fpls.2017.01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is a unique crop with the ability to accumulate high levels of sugar and is a commercially viable source of biomass for bioelectricity and second-generation bioethanol. Water deficit is the single largest abiotic stress affecting sugarcane productivity and the development of water use efficient and drought tolerant cultivars is an imperative for all major sugarcane producing countries. This review summarizes the physiological and molecular studies on water deficit stress in sugarcane, with the aim to help formulate more effective research strategies for advancing our knowledge on genes and mechanisms underpinning plant response to water stress. We also overview transgenic studies in sugarcane, with an emphasis on the potential strategies to develop superior sugarcane varieties that improve crop productivity in drought-prone environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais H. S. Ferreira
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Max S. Tsunada
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Denis Bassi
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Pedro Araújo
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Lucia Mattiello
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Giovanna V. Guidelli
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Germanna L. Righetto
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R. Gonçalves
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Menossi
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marcelo Menossi
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145
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Qian L, Voss-Fels K, Cui Y, Jan HU, Samans B, Obermeier C, Qian W, Snowdon RJ. Deletion of a Stay-Green Gene Associates with Adaptive Selection in Brassica napus. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1559-1569. [PMID: 27825945 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll levels provide important information about plant growth and physiological plasticity in response to changing environments. The stay-green gene NON-YELLOWING 1 (NYE1) is believed to regulate chlorophyll degradation during senescence, concomitantly affecting the disassembly of the light-harvesting complex and hence indirectly influencing photosynthesis. We identified Brassica napus accessions carrying an NYE1 deletion associated with increased chlorophyll content, and with upregulated expression of light-harvesting complex and photosynthetic reaction center (PSI and PSII) genes. Comparative analysis of the seed oil content of accessions with related genetic backgrounds revealed that the B. napus NYE1 gene deletion (bnnye1) affected oil accumulation, and linkage disequilibrium signatures suggested that the locus has been subject to artificial selection by breeding in oilseed B. napus forms. Comparative analysis of haplotype diversity groups (haplogroups) between three different ecotypes of the allopolyploid B. napus and its A-subgenome diploid progenitor, Brassica rapa, indicated that introgression of the bnnye1 deletion from Asian B. rapa into winter-type B. napus may have simultaneously improved its adaptation to cooler environments experienced by autumn-sown rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunwen Qian
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kai Voss-Fels
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Yixin Cui
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Habib U Jan
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Birgit Samans
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Obermeier
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wei Qian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Rod J Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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146
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Matsuda K, Shimoda Y, Tanaka A, Ito H. Chlorophyll a is a favorable substrate for Chlamydomonas Mg-dechelatase encoded by STAY-GREEN. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 109:365-373. [PMID: 27810676 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mg removal from chlorophyll by Mg-dechelatase is the first step of chlorophyll degradation. Recent studies showed that in Arabidopsis, Stay Green (SGR) encodes Mg-dechelatase. Though the Escherichia coli expression system is advantageous for investigating the properties of Mg-dechelatase, Arabidopsis Mg-dechelatase is not successfully expressed in E. coli. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii SGR (CrSGR) has a long, hydrophilic tail, suggesting that active CrSGR can be expressed in E. coli. After the incubation of chlorophyll a with CrSGR expressed in E. coli, pheophytin a accumulated, indicating that active CrSGR was expressed in E. coli. Substrate specificity of CrSGR against chlorophyll b and an intermediate molecule of the chlorophyll b degradation pathway was examined. CrSGR exhibited no activity against chlorophyll b and low activity against 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a, consistent with the fact that chlorophyll b is degraded only after conversion to chlorophyll a. CrSGR exhibited low activity against divinyl chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a', and no activity against chlorophyllide a, protochlorophyll a, chlorophyll c2, and Zn-chlorophyll a. These observations indicate that chlorophyll a is the most favorable substrate for CrSGR. When CrSGR was expressed in Arabidopsis cells, the chlorophyll content decreased, further confirming that SGR has Mg-dechelating activity in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Matsuda
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yousuke Shimoda
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, N19 W8, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ito
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, N19 W8, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan.
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147
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Physiological and molecular studies of staygreen caused by pod removal and seed injury in soybean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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148
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Pinto RS, Lopes MS, Collins NC, Reynolds MP. Modelling and genetic dissection of staygreen under heat stress. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2016; 129:2055-2074. [PMID: 27545985 PMCID: PMC5069319 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Staygreen traits are associated with heat tolerance in bread wheat. QTL for staygreen and related traits were identified across the genome co-located with agronomic and physiological traits associated to plant performance under heat stress. Plant chlorophyll retention-staygreen-is considered a valuable trait under heat stress. Five experiments with the Seri/Babax wheat mapping population were sown in Mexico under hot-irrigated environments. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) during plant growth was measured regularly and modelled to capture the dynamics of plant greenness decay, including staygreen (Stg) at physiological maturity which was estimated by regression of NDVI during grainfilling. The rate of senescence, the percentage of plant greenness decay, and the area under the curve were also estimated based on NDVI measurements. While Stg and the best fitted curve were highly environment dependent, both traits showed strong (positive for Stg) correlations with yield, grainfilling rates, and extended grainfilling periods, while associations with kernel number and kernel weight were weak. Stg expression was largely dependent on rate of senescence which was related to the pattern of the greenness decay curve and the initial NDVI. QTL analyses revealed a total of 44 loci across environments linked to Stg and related traits, distributed across the genome, with the strongest and most repeatable effects detected on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2B, 4A, 4B and 7D. Of these, some were common with regions controlling phenology but independent regions were also identified. The co-location of QTL for Stg and performance traits in this study confirms that the staygreen phenotype is a useful trait for productivity enhancement in hot-irrigated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Suzuky Pinto
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT,Int.), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, México, D.F., Mexico
- Australian Centre for Plant and Functional Genomics (ACPFG), School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Marta S Lopes
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT,Int.), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Nicholas C Collins
- Australian Centre for Plant and Functional Genomics (ACPFG), School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew P Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT,Int.), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, México, D.F., Mexico.
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149
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Bandara YMAY, Weerasooriya DK, Tesso TT, Little CR. Stalk Rot Fungi Affect Leaf Greenness (SPAD) of Grain Sorghum in a Genotype- and Growth-Stage-Specific Manner. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:2062-2068. [PMID: 30682992 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-16-0171-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stalk rots are among the most prevalent and destructive sorghum diseases worldwide. Although experimental evidence is limited, delayed postflowering senescence due to the staygreen trait is accepted as a physiological means of stalk rot resistance. Staygreen has been shown to be correlated with chlorophyll content (as measured by a soil and plant analytical development [SPAD] meter). Field experiments were conducted to test the effects of Fusarium stalk rot and charcoal rot on SPAD readings at three developmental stages, to test whether staygreen genotypes are more resilient to stalk-rot-mediated chlorophyll degradation, and to examine the relationships between SPAD and stalk rot resistance and tolerance when plants were inoculated with causal organisms. Staygreen and nonstaygreen lines (two) and hybrids (two) established in the field were inoculated with Fusarium thapsinum, F. proliferatum, F. andiyazi, and Macrophomina phaseolina at 14 days after flowering. SPAD readings were obtained at soft-dough, hard-dough, and physiological maturity. Most pathogens significantly reduced the SPAD of the genotypes over the mock-inoculated control at three developmental stages. The stalk-rot-resistant and staygreen check line, SC599, showed a remarkable feature of negative senescence from soft dough to physiological maturity under disease pressure. Disease severity was significantly and negatively correlated with SPAD at all developmental stages, revealing the potential impact of the staygreen trait on stalk rot resistance. The difference between control and pathogen-treated total seed weight per panicle (i.e., tolerance) was significantly and positively correlated with the difference between control and pathogen-treated SPAD at physiological maturity, demonstrating the ability of staygreen trait to enhance stalk rot tolerance under disease pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - C R Little
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
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150
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Gao S, Gao J, Zhu X, Song Y, Li Z, Ren G, Zhou X, Kuai B. ABF2, ABF3, and ABF4 Promote ABA-Mediated Chlorophyll Degradation and Leaf Senescence by Transcriptional Activation of Chlorophyll Catabolic Genes and Senescence-Associated Genes in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1272-1285. [PMID: 27373216 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) degradation is an integral process of leaf senescence, and NYE1/SGR1 has been demonstrated as a key regulator of Chl catabolism in diverse plant species. In this study, using yeast one-hybrid screening, we identified three abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive element (ABRE)-binding transcription factors, ABF2 (AREB1), ABF3, and ABF4 (AREB2), as the putative binding proteins of the NYE1 promoter. Through the transactivation analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that ABF2, ABF3, and ABF4 directly bound to and activated the NYE1 promoter in vitro and in vivo. ABA is a positive regulator of leaf senescence, and exogenously applied ABA can accelerate Chl degradation. The triple mutant of the ABFs, abf2abf3abf4, as well as two ABA-insensitive mutants, abi1-1 and snrk2.2/2.3/2.6, exhibited stay-green phenotypes after ABA treatment, along with decreased induction of NYE1 and NYE2 expression. In contrast, overexpression of ABF4 accelerated Chl degradation upon ABA treatment. Interestingly, ABF2/3/4 could also activate the expression of two Chl catabolic enzyme genes, PAO and NYC1, by directly binding to their promoters. In addition, abf2abf3abf4 exhibited a functional stay-green phenotype, and senescence-associated genes (SAGs), such as SAG29 (SWEET15), might be directly regulated by the ABFs. Taken together, our results suggest that ABF2, ABF3, and ABF4 likely act as key regulators in mediating ABA-triggered Chl degradation and leaf senescence in general in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhongpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guodong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Benke Kuai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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