101
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Differential Expression of Maize and Teosinte microRNAs under Submergence, Drought, and Alternated Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9101367. [PMID: 33076374 PMCID: PMC7650716 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Submergence and drought stresses are the main constraints to crop production worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play a major role in plant response to various stresses. In this study, we analyzed the expression of maize and teosinte miRNAs by high-throughput sequencing of small RNA libraries in maize and its ancestor teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis), under submergence, drought, and alternated stress. We found that the expression patterns of 67 miRNA sequences representing 23 miRNA families in maize and other plants were regulated by submergence or drought. miR159a, miR166b, miR167c, and miR169c were downregulated by submergence in both plants but more severely in maize. miR156k and miR164e were upregulated by drought in teosinte but downregulated in maize. Small RNA profiling of teosinte subject to alternate treatments with drought and submergence revealed that submergence as the first stress attenuated the response to drought, while drought being the first stress did not alter the response to submergence. The miRNAs identified herein, and their potential targets, indicate that control of development, growth, and response to oxidative stress could be crucial for adaptation and that there exists evolutionary divergence between these two subspecies in miRNA response to abiotic stresses.
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102
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The Molecular Regulatory Pathways and Metabolic Adaptation in the Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Rice in Response to Low O 2 Stress. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101363. [PMID: 33066550 PMCID: PMC7602250 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, flooding/submergence is one of the major abiotic stresses for higher plants, with deleterious effects on their growth and survival. Therefore, flooding/submergence is a large challenge for agriculture in lowland areas worldwide. Long-term flooding/submergence can cause severe hypoxia stress to crop plants and can result in substantial yield loss. Rice has evolved distinct adaptive strategies in response to low oxygen (O2) stress caused by flooding/submergence circumstances. Recently, direct seeding practice has been increasing in popularity due to its advantages of reducing cultivation cost and labor. However, establishment and growth of the seedlings from seed germination under the submergence condition are large obstacles for rice in direct seeding practice. The physiological and molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying tolerant and sensitive phenotypes in rice have been extensively investigated. Here, this review focuses on the progress of recent advances in the studies of the molecular mechanisms and metabolic adaptions underlying anaerobic germination (AG) and coleoptile elongation. Further, we highlight the prospect of introducing quantitative trait loci (QTL) for AG into rice mega varieties to ensure the compatibility of flooding/submergence tolerance traits and yield stability, thereby advancing the direct seeding practice and facilitating future breeding improvement.
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103
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The Anaerobic Product Ethanol Promotes Autophagy-Dependent Submergence Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197361. [PMID: 33028029 PMCID: PMC7583018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to hypoxia under submergence, plants switch from aerobic respiration to anaerobic fermentation, which leads to the accumulation of the end product, ethanol. We previously reported that Arabidopsis thaliana autophagy-deficient mutants show increased sensitivity to ethanol treatment, indicating that ethanol is likely involved in regulating the autophagy-mediated hypoxia response. Here, using a transcriptomic analysis, we identified 3909 genes in Arabidopsis seedlings that were differentially expressed in response to ethanol treatment, including 2487 upregulated and 1422 downregulated genes. Ethanol treatment significantly upregulated genes involved in autophagy and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. Using transgenic lines expressing AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEIN 8e fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP-ATG8e), we confirmed that exogenous ethanol treatment promotes autophagosome formation in vivo. Phenotypic analysis showed that deletions in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene in adh1 mutants result in attenuated submergence tolerance, decreased accumulation of ATG proteins, and diminished submergence-induced autophagosome formation. Compared to the submergence-tolerant Arabidopsis accession Columbia (Col-0), the submergence-intolerant accession Landsberg erecta (Ler) displayed hypersensitivity to ethanol treatment; we linked these phenotypes to differences in the functions of ADH1 and the autophagy machinery between these accessions. Thus, ethanol promotes autophagy-mediated submergence tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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104
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Wu J, Cheng J, Xu C, Qi S, Sun W, Wu S. AUREA maintains the balance between chlorophyll synthesis and adventitious root formation in tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:166. [PMID: 33082972 PMCID: PMC7527990 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Flooding tolerance is an important trait for tomato breeding. In this study, we obtained a recessive mutant exhibiting highly enhanced submergence resistance. Phenotypical analyses showed that this resistant to flooding (rf) mutant displays slightly chlorotic leaves and spontaneous initiation of adventitious roots (ARs) on stems. The mutation was mapped to the phytochromobilin synthase gene AUREA (AU), in which a single amino acid substitution from asparagine to tyrosine occurred. In addition to the classic function of AU in phytochrome and chlorophyll biogenesis in leaves, we uncovered its novel role in mediating AR formation on stems. We further observed temporal coincidence of the two phenotypes in the rf mutant: chlorosis and spontaneous AR formation and revealed that AU functions by maintaining heme homeostasis. Interestingly, our grafting results suggest that heme might play roles in AR initiation via long-distance transport from leaves to stems. Our results present genetic evidence for the involvement of the AU-heme oxygenase-1-heme pathway in AR initiation in tomato. As fruit production and yield in the rf mutant are minimally impacted, the mutation identified in this study may provide a target for biotechnological renovation of tomato germplasm in future breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Wu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002 Fujian, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002 Fujian, China
| | - Chunmiao Xu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002 Fujian, China
| | - Shilian Qi
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002 Fujian, China
| | - Wenru Sun
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002 Fujian, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002 Fujian, China
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105
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De Pedro LF, Mignolli F, Scartazza A, Melana Colavita JP, Bouzo CA, Vidoz ML. Maintenance of photosynthetic capacity in flooded tomato plants with reduced ethylene sensitivity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:202-217. [PMID: 32458443 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is considered one of the most important plant hormones orchestrating plant responses to flooding stress. However, ethylene may induce deleterious effects on plants, especially when produced at high rates in response to stress. In this paper, we explored the effect of attenuated ethylene sensitivity in the Never ripe (Nr) mutant on leaf photosynthetic capacity of flooded tomato plants. We found out that reduced ethylene perception in Nr plants was associated with a more efficient photochemical and non-photochemical radiative energy dissipation capability in response to flooding. The data correlated with the retention of chlorophyll and carotenoids content in flooded Nr leaves. Moreover, leaf area and specific leaf area were higher in Nr, indicating that ethylene would exert a negative role in leaf growth and expansion under flooded conditions. Although stomatal conductance was hampered in flooded Nr plants, carboxylation activity was not affected by flooding in the mutant, suggesting that ethylene is responsible for inducing non-stomatal limitations to photosynthetic CO2 uptake. Upregulation of several cysteine protease genes and high protease activity led to Rubisco protein loss in response to ethylene under flooding. Reduction of Rubisco content would, at least in part, account for the reduction of its carboxylation efficiency in response to ethylene in flooded plants. Therefore, besides its role as a trigger of many adaptive responses, perception of ethylene entails limitations in light and dark photosynthetic reactions by speeding up the senescence process that leads to a progressive disassembly of the photosynthetic machinery in leaves of flooded tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Mignolli
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Juan Pablo Melana Colavita
- Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA, NEA-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Carlos Alberto Bouzo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal (LIFiBVe), ICi Agro-Litoral (UNL-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Laura Vidoz
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
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106
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Sidhu GK, Tuan PA, Renault S, Daayf F, Ayele BT. Polyamine-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation of Enzymatic Antioxidative Response to Excess Soil Moisture during Early Seedling Growth in Soybean. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9080185. [PMID: 32708038 PMCID: PMC7465689 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the expression patterns of antioxidative genes and the activity of the corresponding enzymes in the excess moisture-stressed seedlings of soybean in response to seed treatment with polyamines, spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd). At the 4 day after planting (DAP) stage, the excess moisture impaired the embryo axis growth, and this effect is associated with the downregulation of superoxide dismutase (GmSOD1) expression and SOD activity in the cotyledon. Seed treatment with Spm reversed the effects of excess moisture on embryo axis growth partly through enhancing glutathione reductase (GR) activity, in both the cotyledon and embryo axis, although no effect on the GmGR expression level was evident. Excess moisture inhibited the shoot and root growth in 7 DAP seedlings, and this is associated with decreased activities of GR in the shoot and SOD in the root. The effect of excess moisture on shoot and root growth was reversed by seed treatment with Spd, and this was mediated by the increased activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and GR in the shoot, and APX in the root, however, only GR in the shoot appears to be regulated transcriptionally. Root growth was also reversed by seed treatment with Spm with no positive effect on gene expression and enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandip K. Sidhu
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (G.K.S.); (P.A.T.); (F.D.)
| | - Pham Anh Tuan
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (G.K.S.); (P.A.T.); (F.D.)
| | - Sylvie Renault
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Fouad Daayf
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (G.K.S.); (P.A.T.); (F.D.)
| | - Belay T. Ayele
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (G.K.S.); (P.A.T.); (F.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-474-8227; Fax: +1-204-474-7528
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107
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Meng X, Li L, Narsai R, De Clercq I, Whelan J, Berkowitz O. Mitochondrial signalling is critical for acclimation and adaptation to flooding in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:227-247. [PMID: 32064696 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have critical functions in the acclimation to abiotic and biotic stresses. Adverse environmental conditions lead to increased demands in energy supply and metabolic intermediates, which are provided by mitochondrial ATP production and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Mitochondria also play a role as stress sensors to adjust nuclear gene expression via retrograde signalling with the transcription factor (TF) ANAC017 and the kinase CDKE1 key components to integrate various signals into this pathway. To determine the importance of mitochondria as sensors of stress and their contribution in the tolerance to adverse growth conditions, a comparative phenotypical, physiological and transcriptomic characterisation of Arabidopsis mitochondrial signalling mutants (cdke1/rao1 and anac017/rao2) and a set of contrasting accessions was performed after applying the complex compound stress of submergence. Our results showed that impaired mitochondrial retrograde signalling leads to increased sensitivity to the stress treatments. The multi-factorial approach identified a network of 702 co-expressed genes, including several WRKY TFs, overlapping in the transcriptional responses in the mitochondrial signalling mutants and stress-sensitive accessions. Functional characterisation of two WRKY TFs (WRKY40 and WRKY45), using both knockout and overexpressing lines, confirmed their role in conferring tolerance to submergence. Together, the results revealed that acclimation to submergence is dependent on mitochondrial retrograde signalling, and underlying transcriptional re-programming is used as an adaptation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Meng
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Reena Narsai
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Inge De Clercq
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Oliver Berkowitz
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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108
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Effects of supplemental nitrogen application on physiological characteristics, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under waterlogging stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10201. [PMID: 32576948 PMCID: PMC7311487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Waterlogging stress is a common limiting factor for winter rapeseed, which greatly affects the growth and potential production. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of waterlogging with different durations (0day (D0), 6days (D6) and 9days (D9)) and supplemental nitrogen fertilization (N1, 0 kg ha-1; N2, 30 kg ha-1; N3, 60 kg ha-1 and N4, 90 kg ha-1) on the physiological characteristics, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in winter rapeseed (Chuanyou36). The results showed that the supplementary application of nitrogen fertilizer could effectively improve the physiological indexes of winter rapeseed in both pot and field experiments. The supplemental nitrogen increased the chlorophyll content in leaves, enhanced the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD, and decreased the MDA content in leaves and roots of rapeseed. The chlorophyll contents, the antioxidant enzyme activity of leaves and roots significantly increased under D6N3 and D9N4 conditions in both (pot and field) experiments. However, MDA contents significantly decreased compared with waterlogging without nitrogen application. Moreover, the application of nitrogen fertilizer after waterlogging increased the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in rapeseed at different growth stages. Therefore, waterlogging stress significantly inhibited the growth and development of rapeseed, but the application of nitrogen fertilizer could effectively reduce the damage of waterlogging. The N-induced increase in waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed might be attributed to the strong antioxidant defense system, maintenance of photosynthetic pigments and the nutrient balance.
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109
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Nakamura M, Noguchi K. Tolerant mechanisms to O 2 deficiency under submergence conditions in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:343-371. [PMID: 32185673 PMCID: PMC7214491 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetland plants can tolerate long-term strict hypoxia and anoxic conditions and the subsequent re-oxidative stress compared to terrestrial plants. During O2 deficiency, both wetland and terrestrial plants use NAD(P)+ and ATP that are produced during ethanol fermentation, sucrose degradation, and major amino acid metabolisms. The oxidation of NADH by non-phosphorylating pathways in the mitochondrial respiratory chain is common in both terrestrial and wetland plants. As the wetland plants enhance and combine these traits especially in their roots, they can survive under long-term hypoxic and anoxic stresses. Wetland plants show two contrasting strategies, low O2 escape and low O2 quiescence strategies (LOES and LOQS, respectively). Differences between two strategies are ascribed to the different signaling networks related to phytohormones. During O2 deficiency, LOES-type plants show several unique traits such as shoot elongation, aerenchyma formation and leaf acclimation, whereas the LOQS-type plants cease their growth and save carbohydrate reserves. Many wetland plants utilize NH4+ as the nitrogen (N) source without NH4+-dependent respiratory increase, leading to efficient respiratory O2 consumption in roots. In contrast, some wetland plants with high O2 supply system efficiently use NO3- from the soil where nitrification occurs. The differences in the N utilization strategies relate to the different systems of anaerobic ATP production, the NO2--driven ATP production and fermentation. The different N utilization strategies are functionally related to the hypoxia or anoxia tolerance in the wetland plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoka Nakamura
- Department of Bio-Production, Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan.
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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110
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van Zonneveld M, Turmel MS, Hellin J. Decision-Making to Diversify Farm Systems for Climate Change Adaptation. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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111
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Pancaldi F, Trindade LM. Marginal Lands to Grow Novel Bio-Based Crops: A Plant Breeding Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:227. [PMID: 32194604 PMCID: PMC7062921 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The biomass demand to fuel a growing global bio-based economy is expected to tremendously increase over the next decades, and projections indicate that dedicated biomass crops will satisfy a large portion of it. The establishment of dedicated biomass crops raises huge concerns, as they can subtract land that is required for food production, undermining food security. In this context, perennial biomass crops suitable for cultivation on marginal lands (MALs) raise attraction, as they could supply biomass without competing for land with food supply. While these crops withstand marginal conditions well, their biomass yield and quality do not ensure acceptable economic returns to farmers and cost-effective biomass conversion into bio-based products, claiming genetic improvement. However, this is constrained by the lack of genetic resources for most of these crops. Here we first review the advantages of cultivating novel perennial biomass crops on MALs, highlighting management practices to enhance the environmental and economic sustainability of these agro-systems. Subsequently, we discuss the preeminent breeding targets to improve the yield and quality of the biomass obtainable from these crops, as well as the stability of biomass production under MALs conditions. These targets include crop architecture and phenology, efficiency in the use of resources, lignocellulose composition in relation to bio-based applications, and tolerance to abiotic stresses. For each target trait, we outline optimal ideotypes, discuss the available breeding resources in the context of (orphan) biomass crops, and provide meaningful examples of genetic improvement. Finally, we discuss the available tools to breed novel perennial biomass crops. These comprise conventional breeding methods (recurrent selection and hybridization), molecular techniques to dissect the genetics of complex traits, speed up selection, and perform transgenic modification (genetic mapping, QTL and GWAS analysis, marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, transformation protocols), and novel high-throughput phenotyping platforms. Furthermore, novel tools to transfer genetic knowledge from model to orphan crops (i.e., universal markers) are also conceptualized, with the belief that their development will enhance the efficiency of plant breeding in orphan biomass crops, enabling a sustainable use of MALs for biomass provision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa M. Trindade
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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112
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Xiaochuang C, Meiyan W, Chunquan Z, Chu Z, Junhua Z, Lianfeng Z, Lianghuan W, Qianyu J. Glutamate dehydrogenase mediated amino acid metabolism after ammonium uptake enhances rice growth under aeration condition. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:363-379. [PMID: 31820143 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aeration stimulates the rice growth and nitrogen (N) metabolism; in which, the glutamate accumulation limited by the glutamate dehydrogenase pathway after ammonia uptake may control root N metabolism during aeration. Increasing rhizosphere oxygen content greatly improves rice growth and biomass. To study the intrinsic mechanism involved in nitrogen (N) metabolism, a hydroponic experiment was conducted by supplying two different oxygen levels to two different rice genotypes. Compared to the hypoxia-resistant cultivar (Nip; japonica rice 'Nipponbare'), the hypoxia-sensitive cultivar (U502; upland rice 'Upland 502') presented with severe oxidative damage under the lack of aeration. However, aeration significantly reduced root oxidative damage by enhancing root antioxidant capacity and leaf photosynthesis especially in U502, and significantly increased nitrate (NO3-) and ammonia (NH4+) uptake and upregulated the expression of the genes controlling these processes. Additional NO3- was mainly incorporated into amino acids in the leaves whereas NH4+ assimilation occurred mostly in the roots. The 15N gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that aeration had no influence on the compositions of the individual amino acids derived from 15NO3- in the roots, but increased labeled glutamic acid (Glu), asparagine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and alanine in 15NH4+-treated roots. Aeration inhibited root glutamate synthetase activity but this did not inhibit 15N-Glu production from 15NH4+. In contrast, aeration upregulated isocitrate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase. These mechanisms and soluble carbohydrates may constitute an alternative pathway for Glu production in which amino acid metabolism is enhanced after NH4+ uptake during aeration. Therefore, the rice growth-enhancing effect of aeration is closely correlated with root redox equilibrium, N uptake, and amino acid metabolism. Glutamic acid accumulation is limited by the glutamate dehydrogenase pathway after NH4+ uptake and may control root N metabolism during aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Xiaochuang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, No. 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wu Meiyan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Chunquan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, No. 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, No. 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Junhua
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, No. 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Lianfeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, No. 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Lianghuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Qianyu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, No. 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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113
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Submergence Tolerance in Rice: Review of Mechanism, Breeding and, Future Prospects. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12041632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Flooding or submergence is one of the major environmental stressors affecting many man-made and natural ecosystems worldwide. The increase in the frequency and duration of heavy rainfall due to climate change has negatively affected plant growth and development, which eventually causes the death of plants if it persists for days. Most crops, especially rice, being a semi-aquatic plant, are greatly affected by flooding, leading to yield losses each year. Genetic variability in the plant response to flooding includes the quiescence scheme, which allows underwater endurance of a prolonged period, escape strategy through stem elongation, and alterations in plant architecture and metabolism. Investigating the mechanism for flooding survival in wild species and modern rice has yielded significant insight into developmental, physiological, and molecular strategies for submergence and waterlogging survival. Significant progress in the breeding of submergence tolerant rice varieties has been made during the last decade following the successful identification and mapping of a quantitative trait locus for submergence tolerance, designated as SUBMERGENCE 1 (SUB1) from the FR13A landrace. Using marker-assisted backcrossing, the SUB1 QTL (quantitative trait locus) has been incorporated into many elite varieties within a short time and with high precision as compared with conventional breeding methods. Despite the advancement in submergence tolerance, for future studies, there is a need for practical approaches exploring genome-wide association studies (GWA) and QTL in combination with specific tolerance traits, such as drought, salinity, disease and insect resistance.
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114
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Trans-Disciplinary Responses to Climate Change: Lessons from Rice-Based Systems in Asia. CLIMATE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cli8020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Climate change will continue to have a largely detrimental impact on the agricultural sector worldwide because of predicted rising temperatures, variable rainfall, and an increase in extreme weather events. Reduced crop yields will lead to higher food prices and increased hardship for low income populations, especially in urban areas. Action on climate change is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 13) and is linked to the Paris Climate Agreement. The research challenge posed by climate change is so complex that a trans-disciplinary response is required, one that brings together researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers in networks where the lines between “research” and “development” become deliberately blurred. Fostering such networks will require researchers, throughout the world, not only to work across disciplines but also to pursue new South–North and South–South partnerships incorporating policy-makers and practitioners. We use our diverse research experiences to describe the emergence of such networks, such as the Direct Seeded Rice Consortium (DSRC) in South and Southeast Asia, and to identify lessons on how to facilitate and strengthen the development of trans-disciplinary responses to climate change.
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Yemelyanov VV, Lastochkin VV, Chirkova TV, Lindberg SM, Shishova MF. Indoleacetic Acid Levels in Wheat and Rice Seedlings under Oxygen Deficiency and Subsequent Reoxygenation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E276. [PMID: 32054127 PMCID: PMC7072260 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of oxygen and post-anoxic reactions cause significant alterations of plant growth and metabolism. Plant hormones are active participants in these alterations. This study focuses on auxin-a phytohormone with a wide spectrum of effects on plant growth and stress tolerance. The indoleacetic acid (IAA) content in plants was measured by ELISA. The obtained data revealed anoxia-induced accumulation of IAA in wheat and rice seedlings related to their tolerance of oxygen deprivation. The highest IAA accumulation was detected in rice roots. Subsequent reoxygenation was accompanied with a fast auxin reduction to the control level. A major difference was reported for shoots: wheat seedlings contained less than one-third of normoxic level of auxin during post-anoxia, while IAA level in rice seedlings rapidly recovered to normoxic level. It is likely that the mechanisms of auxin dynamics resulted from oxygen-induced shift in auxin degradation and transport. Exogenous IAA treatment enhanced plant survival under anoxia by decreased electrolyte leakage, production of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation. The positive effect of external IAA application coincided with improvement of tolerance to oxygen deprivation in the 35S:iaaM × 35S:iaaH lines of transgene tobacco due to its IAA overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav V. Yemelyanov
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em., 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em., 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victor V. Lastochkin
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em., 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tamara V. Chirkova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em., 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sylvia M. Lindberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria F. Shishova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em., 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Pegg T, Edelmann RR, Gladish DK. Immunoprofiling of Cell Wall Carbohydrate Modifications During Flooding-Induced Aerenchyma Formation in Fabaceae Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1805. [PMID: 32117353 PMCID: PMC7008352 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding plant adaptation mechanisms to prolonged water immersion provides options for genetic modification of existing crops to create cultivars more tolerant of periodic flooding. An important advancement in understanding flooding adaptation would be to elucidate mechanisms, such as aerenchyma air-space formation induced by hypoxic conditions, consistent with prolonged immersion. Lysigenous aerenchyma formation occurs through programmed cell death (PCD), which may entail the chemical modification of polysaccharides in root tissue cell walls. We investigated if a relationship exists between modification of pectic polysaccharides through de-methyl esterification (DME) and the formation of root aerenchyma in select Fabaceae species. To test this hypothesis, we first characterized the progression of aerenchyma formation within the vascular stele of three different legumes-Pisum sativum, Cicer arietinum, and Phaseolus coccineus-through traditional light microscopy histological staining and scanning electron microscopy. We assessed alterations in stele morphology, cavity dimensions, and cell wall chemistry. Then we conducted an immunolabeling protocol to detect specific degrees of DME among species during a 48-hour flooding time series. Additionally, we performed an enzymatic pretreatment to remove select cell wall polymers prior to immunolabeling for DME pectins. We were able to determine that all species possessed similar aerenchyma formation mechanisms that begin with degradation of root vascular stele metaxylem cells. Immunolabeling results demonstrated DME occurs prior to aerenchyma formation and prepares vascular tissues for the beginning of cavity formation in flooded roots. Furthermore, enzymatic pretreatment demonstrated that removal of cellulose and select hemicellulosic carbohydrates unmasks additional antigen binding sites for DME pectin antibodies. These results suggest that additional carbohydrate modification may be required to permit DME and subsequent enzyme activity to form aerenchyma. By providing a greater understanding of cell wall pectin remodeling among legume species, we encourage further investigation into the mechanism of carbohydrate modifications during aerenchyma formation and possible avenues for flood-tolerance improvement of legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Pegg
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
| | - Richard R. Edelmann
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
- Center for Advance Microscopy & Imaging, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
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117
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Gupta KJ, Mur LAJ, Wany A, Kumari A, Fernie AR, Ratcliffe RG. The role of nitrite and nitric oxide under low oxygen conditions in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1143-1151. [PMID: 31144317 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissues, particularly roots, can be subjected to periods of hypoxia due to environmental circumstances. Plants have developed various adaptations in response to hypoxic stress and these have been described extensively. Less well-appreciated is the body of evidence demonstrating that scavenging of nitric oxide (NO) and the reduction of nitrate/nitrite regulate important mechanisms that contribute to tolerance to hypoxia. Although ethylene controls hyponasty and aerenchyma formation, NO production apparently regulates hypoxic ethylene biosynthesis. In the hypoxic mitochondrion, cytochrome c oxidase, which is a major source of NO, also is inhibited by NO, thereby reducing the respiratory rate and enhancing local oxygen concentrations. Nitrite can maintain ATP generation under hypoxia by coupling its reduction to the translocation of protons from the inner side of mitochondria and generating an electrochemical gradient. This reaction can be further coupled to a reaction whereby nonsymbiotic haemoglobin oxidizes NO to nitrate. In addition to these functions, nitrite has been reported to influence mitochondrial structure and supercomplex formation, as well as playing a role in oxygen sensing via the N-end rule pathway. These studies establish that nitrite and NO perform multiple functions during plant hypoxia and suggest that further research into the underlying mechanisms is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Aakanksha Wany
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Aprajita Kumari
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - R George Ratcliffe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
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118
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Kato Y, Collard BCY, Septiningsih EM, Ismail AM. Increasing flooding tolerance in rice: combining tolerance of submergence and of stagnant flooding. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 124:1199-1210. [PMID: 31306479 PMCID: PMC6944782 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Rice ecosystems in the tropical coastal areas are subject to two types of flooding stress: transient complete submergence and long-term water stagnation (stagnant flooding). Here, we aimed to dissect the mechanisms for stagnant flooding tolerance of rice genotypes carrying SUB1, a quantitative trait locus for submergence tolerance. METHODS We screened 80 elite genotypes under stagnant flooding stress in the lowland rice fields in the wet and dry seasons, and examined the tolerance mechanisms of promising genotypes for the two following seasons. KEY RESULTS Yield reduction under stagnant flooding averaged 48 % in the dry season and 89 % in the wet season. Elite genotypes carrying SUB1 showed 49 % lower yield than those without SUB1 under stagnant flooding, with no differences under shallow water conditions. However, we identified a few high-yielding Sub1 genotypes that were as tolerant of stagnant flooding as a reference genotype that lacked SUB1. These genotypes had intermediate stature with more shoot elongation in response to rising water than a moderately tolerant Sub1 reference variety, resulting in greater canopy expansion and higher yield. It was important to increase lodging resistance, since plant height >140 cm increased lodging under stagnant flooding. The culm diameter was closely associated with culm strength; reduced aerenchyma formation and increased lignin accumulation in the culm should increase lodging resistance. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated a successful combination of submergence and stagnant flooding tolerance in a rice breeding programme, and identified elite Sub1 genotypes that also tolerate stagnant flooding. Our results will support genetic improvement of Sub1 varieties for stagnant flooding tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Kato
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bertrand C Y Collard
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Yanco Agricultural Institute, Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Endang M Septiningsih
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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119
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Zhou X, Xiang Y, Li C, Yu G. Modulatory Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Root Development in Model Plant of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:485932. [PMID: 33042167 PMCID: PMC7525048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.485932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a type of oxygen monoelectronic reduction product, have a higher chemical activity than O2. Although ROS pose potential risks to all organisms via inducing oxidative stress, indispensable role of ROS in individual development cannot be ignored. Among them, the role of ROS in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana is deeply studied. Mounting evidence suggests that ROS are essential for root and root hair development. In the present review, we provide an updated perspective on the latest research progress pertaining to the role of ROS in the precise regulation of root stem cell maintenance and differentiation, redox regulation of the cell cycle, and root hair initiation during root growth. Among the different types of ROS, O2 •- and H2O2 have been extensively investigated, and they exhibit different gradient distributions in the roots. The concentration of O2 •- decreases along a gradient from the meristem to the transition zone and the concentration of H2O2 decreases along a gradient from the differentiation zone to the elongation zone. These gradients are regulated by peroxidases, which are modulated by the UPBEAT1 (UPB1) transcription factor. In addition, multiple transcriptional factors, such as APP1, ABO8, PHB3, and RITF1, which are involved in the brassinolide signaling pathway, converge as a ROS signal to regulate root stem cell maintenance. Furthermore, superoxide anions (O2 •-) are generated from the oxidation in mitochondria, ROS produced during plasmid metabolism, H2O2 produced in apoplasts, and catalysis of respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) in the cell membrane. Furthermore, ROS can act as a signal to regulate redox status, which regulates the expression of the cell-cycle components CYC2;3, CYCB1;1, and retinoblastoma-related protein, thereby controlling the cell-cycle progression. In the root maturation zone, the epidermal cells located in the H cell position emerge to form hair cells, and plant hormones, such as auxin and ethylene regulate root hair formation via ROS. Furthermore, ROS accumulation can influence hormone signal transduction and vice versa. Data about the association between nutrient stress and ROS signals in root hair development are scarce. However, the fact that ROBHC/RHD2 or RHD6 is specifically expressed in root hair cells and induced by nutrients, may explain the relationship. Future studies should focus on the regulatory mechanisms underlying root hair development via the interactions of ROS with hormone signals and nutrient components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guanghui Yu
- *Correspondence: Guanghui Yu, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-3174-1878
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120
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Water scarcity impacts on global food production. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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121
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Savchenko TV, Rolletschek H, Dehesh K. Jasmonates-Mediated Rewiring of Central Metabolism Regulates Adaptive Responses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2613-2620. [PMID: 31529102 PMCID: PMC6896697 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The lipid-derived hormones jasmonates (JAs) play key functions in a wide range of physiological and developmental processes that regulate growth, secondary metabolism and defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this connection, biosynthesis, tissue-specific distribution, metabolism, perception, signaling of JAs have been the target of extensive studies. In recent years, the involvement of JAs signaling pathway in the regulation of growth and adaptive responses to environmental challenges has been further examined. However, JAs-mediated mechanisms underlying the transition from 'growth mode' to 'adaptive mode' remain ambiguous. Combined analysis of transgenic lines deficient in JAs signaling in conjunction with the data from JAs-treated plants revealed the function of these hormones in rewiring of central metabolism. The collective data illustrate JAs-mediated decrease in the levels of metabolites associated with active growth such as sucrose, raffinose, orotate, citrate, malate, and an increase in phosphorylated hexoses, responsible for the suppression of growth and photosynthesis, concurrent with the induction of protective metabolites, such as aromatic and branched-chain amino acids, and aspartate family of metabolites. This finding provides an insight into the function of JAs in shifting the central metabolism from the production of growth-promoting metabolites to protective compounds and expands our understanding of the role of JAs in resource allocation in response to environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V Savchenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR RAS, Institutskaya St. 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Gong F, Takahashi H, Omori F, Wang W, Mano Y, Nakazono M. QTLs for constitutive aerenchyma from Zea nicaraguensis improve tolerance of maize to root-zone oxygen deficiency. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6475-6487. [PMID: 31587072 PMCID: PMC6859735 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Zea nicaraguensis is a wild relative of Zea mays subsp. mays (maize) that has high waterlogging tolerance. One of its traits is constitutive aerenchyma formation (CAF) in roots and this may be one of the reasons for the tolerance, but it has not yet been proven by comparing plants that differ only in CAF in the same genetic background. We therefore produced an introgression line AE24-50-44-91 (IL-AE91) possessing four quantitative trait loci for CAF from Z. nicaraguensis in the background of maize (inbred line Mi29). The degree of root CAF in IL-AE91 was intermediate between that of Mi29 and Z. nicaraguensis. Seedlings of IL-AE91 grown aerobically were more tolerant to transfer to oxygen-deficient conditions than were Mi29 seedlings. On day 2 of oxygen deficiency, the root extension rate and viability of root-tip cells in IL-AE91 were ~2.7 and ~1.3 times greater, respectively, than they were in Mi29. On day 4, the area of aerenchyma at 80 mm from the root tips was ~1.5 times greater in IL-AE91 and radial oxygen loss from the apical parts of roots was ~3.4 times higher than in Mi29. These results demonstrate that CAF reduces the stress from low external oxygen levels caused by soil waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangping Gong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumie Omori
- Forage Crop Research Division, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Senbonmatsu, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Wei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yoshiro Mano
- Forage Crop Research Division, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Senbonmatsu, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- The UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA, Australia
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Khan MA, Khan AL, Imran QM, Asaf S, Lee SU, Yun BW, Hamayun M, Kim TH, Lee IJ. Exogenous application of nitric oxide donors regulates short-term flooding stress in soybean. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7741. [PMID: 31608169 PMCID: PMC6788439 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term water submergence to soybean (Glycine max L.) create hypoxic conditions hindering plant growth and productivity. Nitric oxide (NO) is considered a stress-signalling and stress-evading molecule, however, little is known about its role during flooding stress. We elucidated the role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitroso L-cysteine (CySNO) as NO donor in modulation of flooding stress-related bio-chemicals and genetic determinants of associated nitrosative stress to Daewon and Pungsannamul soybean cultivars after 3 h and 6 h of flooding stress. The results showed that exogenous SNP and CysNO induced glutathione activity and reduced the resulting superoxide anion contents during short-term flooding in Pungsannamul soybean. The exo- SNP and CysNO triggered the endogenous S-nitrosothiols, and resulted in elevated abscisic acid (ABA) contents in both soybean cultivars overtime. To know the role of ABA and NO related genes in short-term flooding stress, the mRNA expression of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR1), NO overproducer1 (NOX1) and nitrate reductase (NR), Timing of CAB expression1 (TOC1), and ABA-receptor (ABAR) were assessed. The transcripts accumulation of GSNOR1, NOX1, and NR being responsible for NO homeostasis, were significantly high in response to early or later phases of flooding stress. ABAR and TOC1 showed a decrease in transcript accumulation in both soybean plants treated with exogenous SNP and CySNO. The exo- SNP and CySNO could impinge a variety of biochemical and transcriptional programs that can mitigate the negative effects of short-term flooding stress in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Degue, South Korea
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Qari Muhammad Imran
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Degue, South Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Sang-Uk Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Degue, South Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Degue, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tae-Han Kim
- School of Agricultural Civil & Bio-industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Degue, South Korea
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Feng J, Xu Y, Ma B, Tang C, Brookes PC, He Y, Xu J. Assembly of root-associated microbiomes of typical rice cultivars in response to lindane pollution. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:104975. [PMID: 31284116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides have been extensively used for many years to prevent insect diseases of rice (Oryza sativa L.), but little is known about their residual impacts on the underground micro-ecology in anaerobic environment. In this glasshouse study, we characterized the lindane effects on the assembly of root-associated microbiomes of commonly used indica, japonica and hybrid rice cultivars, and their feedback in turn, in modifying lindane anaerobic dissipation during 60 days' rice production. The results showed that rice growth inhibited the anaerobic dissipation of lindane, but was not affected apparently by lindane at initial spiked concentration of 4.62 and 18.54 mg kg-1 soil. Suppressed removal of lindane in rice planted treatments as compared with that in unplanted control was likely due to inhibited reductive dechlorination induced by a comprehensive effect of radial O2 secretion of rice root and co-occurring Fe(III) reduction that consumed electron competitively in rice rhizosphere. However, the hybrid cultivar exhibited a less suppression than the conventional cultivars in high polluted soils. Bacteria was more sensitively responded to lindane pollution than fungal taxa, and Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria were the main different phyla between hybrid and conventional cultivars, with a more stable community structure exhibited in the hybrid rice under lindane stress. Our study highlights the assembly and variation of root-associated microbiomes in responses of lindane pollution, and suggests that hybrid rice cultivar might be most competent for cultivation in paddy fields polluted by lindane and other organochlorine pesticides, especially in the area with high residual levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Feng
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Caixian Tang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Philip C Brookes
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Menezes‐Silva PE, Loram‐Lourenço L, Alves RDFB, Sousa LF, Almeida SEDS, Farnese FS. Different ways to die in a changing world: Consequences of climate change for tree species performance and survival through an ecophysiological perspective. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11979-11999. [PMID: 31695903 PMCID: PMC6822037 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities such as uncontrolled deforestation and increasing greenhouse gas emissions are responsible for triggering a series of environmental imbalances that affect the Earth's complex climate dynamics. As a consequence of these changes, several climate models forecast an intensification of extreme weather events over the upcoming decades, including heat waves and increasingly severe drought and flood episodes. The occurrence of such extreme weather will prompt profound changes in several plant communities, resulting in massive forest dieback events that can trigger a massive loss of biodiversity in several biomes worldwide. Despite the gravity of the situation, our knowledge regarding how extreme weather events can undermine the performance, survival, and distribution of forest species remains very fragmented. Therefore, the present review aimed to provide a broad and integrated perspective of the main biochemical, physiological, and morpho-anatomical disorders that may compromise the performance and survival of forest species exposed to climate change factors, particularly drought, flooding, and global warming. In addition, we also discuss the controversial effects of high CO2 concentrations in enhancing plant growth and reducing the deleterious effects of some extreme climatic events. We conclude with a discussion about the possible effects that the factors associated with the climate change might have on species distribution and forest composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Loram‐Lourenço
- Laboratory of Plant EcophysiologyInstituto Federal Goiano – Campus Rio VerdeGoiásBrazil
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Gao L, Lee JS, Hübner S, Hulke BS, Qu Y, Rieseberg LH. Genetic and phenotypic analyses indicate that resistance to flooding stress is uncoupled from performance in cultivated sunflower. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1657-1670. [PMID: 31059137 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Given the rising risk of extreme weather caused by climate change, enhancement of abiotic stress resistance in crops is increasingly urgent. But will the development of stress-resistant cultivars come at the cost of yield under ideal conditions? We hypothesize that this need not be inevitable, because resistance alleles with minimal pleiotropic costs may evade artificial selection and be retained in crop germplasm. Genome-wide association (GWA) analyses for variation in plant performance and flooding response were conducted in cultivated sunflower, a globally important oilseed. We observed broad variation in flooding responses among genotypes. Flooding resistance was not strongly correlated with performance in control conditions, suggesting no inherent trade-offs. Consistent with this finding, we identified a subset of loci conferring flooding resistance, but lacking antagonistic effects on growth. Genetic diversity loss at candidate genes underlying these loci was significantly less than for other resistance genes during cultivated sunflower evolution. Despite bottlenecks associated with domestication and improvement, low-cost resistance alleles remain within the cultivated sunflower gene pool. Thus, development of cultivars that are both flooding-tolerant and highly productive should be straightforward. Results further indicate that estimates of pleiotropic costs from GWA analyses explain, in part, patterns of diversity loss in crop genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexuan Gao
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Joon Seon Lee
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sariel Hübner
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Galilee Research Institute (MIGAL), Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, 12210, Israel
| | - Brent S Hulke
- USDA-ARS Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, 1307 18th Street North, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Yan Qu
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Landscape, Southwest Forestry University, 300 BailongSi, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Loren H Rieseberg
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Escaray FJ, Antonelli CJ, Copello GJ, Puig S, Peñarrubia L, Ruiz OA, Perea-García A. Characterization of the Copper Transporters from Lotus spp. and Their Involvement under Flooding Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3136. [PMID: 31252630 PMCID: PMC6651048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forage legumes are an important livestock nutritional resource, which includes essential metals, such as copper. Particularly, the high prevalence of hypocuprosis causes important economic losses to Argentinian cattle agrosystems. Copper deficiency in cattle is partially due to its low content in forage produced by natural grassland, and is exacerbated by flooding conditions. Previous results indicated that incorporation of Lotus spp. into natural grassland increases forage nutritional quality, including higher copper levels. However, the biological processes and molecular mechanisms involved in copper uptake by Lotus spp. remain poorly understood. Here, we identify four genes that encode putative members of the Lotus copper transporter family, denoted COPT in higher plants. A heterologous functional complementation assay of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ctr1∆ctr3∆ strain, which lacks the corresponding yeast copper transporters, with the putative Lotus COPT proteins shows a partial rescue of the yeast phenotypes in restrictive media. Under partial submergence conditions, the copper content of L. japonicus plants decreases and the expression of two Lotus COPT genes is induced. These results strongly suggest that the Lotus COPT proteins identified in this work function in copper uptake. In addition, the fact that environmental conditions affect the expression of certain COPT genes supports their involvement in adaptive mechanisms and envisages putative biotechnological strategies to improve cattle copper nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Escaray
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECh), UNSAM/CONICET, Avda. Intendente Marino Km. 8.2, Chascomús, Buenos Aires 7130, Argentina.
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologiaia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València. Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Cristian J Antonelli
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECh), UNSAM/CONICET, Avda. Intendente Marino Km. 8.2, Chascomús, Buenos Aires 7130, Argentina.
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo J Copello
- Instituto de Quı́mica y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C113AAD, Argentina.
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C113AAD, Argentina.
| | - Sergi Puig
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, IATA-CSIC, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lola Peñarrubia
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologiaia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València. Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Oscar A Ruiz
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECh), UNSAM/CONICET, Avda. Intendente Marino Km. 8.2, Chascomús, Buenos Aires 7130, Argentina.
| | - Ana Perea-García
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECh), UNSAM/CONICET, Avda. Intendente Marino Km. 8.2, Chascomús, Buenos Aires 7130, Argentina.
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, IATA-CSIC, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain.
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128
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Youssef MS, Mira MM, Millar JL, Becker MG, Belmonte MF, Hill RD, Stasolla C. Spatial identification of transcripts and biological processes in laser micro-dissected sub-regions of waterlogged corn roots with altered expression of phytoglobin. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:350-365. [PMID: 30952087 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Over-expression of the corn phytoglobin ZmPgb1.2 increases tolerance to waterlogging, while suppression of ZmPgb1.2 compromises plant growth. To unravel compartment-specific transcriptional changes evoked by ZmPgb1.2 during hypoxia, laser micro-dissected sub-regions from waterlogged roots of WT and ZmPgb1.2 overexpressing [ZmPgb1.2(S)] plants were probed for global transcriptional analysis using next generation RNA sequencing. These sub-regions included compartments within the meristematic, elongation, and maturation zone. Of the 149 genes differentially expressed by the up-regulation of ZmPgb1.2, 78 occurred within the meristematic region and included genes involved in jasmonic acid synthesis and response, ascorbic acid metabolism, and ethylene signalling. The ZmPgb1.2 regulation of these genes, discussed in the context of known functions of Pgbs, was further validated by monitoring their expression in meristematic cells of waterlogged roots suppressing ZmPgb1.2. Of the 27 genes differentially expressed by the over-expression of ZmPgb1.2 in the elongation zone, pyruvate kinase and alcohol dehydrogenase showed an expression pattern correlated to the level of ZmPgb1.2 in the tissue. The transcriptional induction of these two enzymes in hypoxic domains of the elongation zone over-expressing ZmPgb1.2 suggests the activation of the fermentation pathway which might be required to sustain metabolic flux and production of ATP in support of cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Youssef
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Mira
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Jenna L Millar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Michael G Becker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Mark F Belmonte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Robert D Hill
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Claudio Stasolla
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Yeung E, Bailey-Serres J, Sasidharan R. After The Deluge: Plant Revival Post-Flooding. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:443-454. [PMID: 30857921 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasing flooding events have detrimentally impacted food security amid a growing global population. Complete submergence of plants represents the most severe flooding stress and studies have identified underwater responses to low oxygen and light availability. However, knowledge on plant responses during the post-submergence phase is limited. It is important to consider how plants can resume vegetative growth after enduring submergence and post-submergence stress. This review highlights current knowledge on physiological and molecular adaptations following desubmergence. Interplays of reactive oxygen species (ROS), energy depletion, photoinhibition, desiccation stress, and hormonal signaling have been characterized as components of the post-submergence stress response. Active elucidation of key genes and traits enhancing post-submergence adaptations is highly relevant for the improvement of submergence tolerance and ultimately crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Yeung
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of Riverside, CA, USA. https://twitter.com/@jnbserres
| | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. https://twitter.com/@R_Sasidharan
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130
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Dissmeyer N. Conditional Protein Function via N-Degron Pathway-Mediated Proteostasis in Stress Physiology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 70:83-117. [PMID: 30892918 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-095937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The N-degron pathway, formerly the N-end rule pathway, regulates functions of regulatory proteins. It impacts protein half-life and therefore directs the actual presence of target proteins in the cell. The current concept holds that the N-degron pathway depends on the identity of the amino (N)-terminal amino acid and many other factors, such as the follow-up sequence at the N terminus, conformation, flexibility, and protein localization. It is evolutionarily conserved throughout the kingdoms. One possible entry point for substrates of the N-degron pathway is oxidation of N-terminal Cys residues. Oxidation of N-terminal Cys is decisive for further enzymatic modification of various neo-N termini by arginylation that generates potentially neofunctionalized or instable proteoforms. Here, I focus on the posttranslational modifications that are encompassed by protein degradation via the Cys/Arg branch of the N-degron pathway-part of the PROTEOLYSIS 6 (PRT6)/N-degron pathway-as well as the underlying physiological principles of this branch and its biological significance in stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Dissmeyer
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB) and ScienceCampus Halle-Plant-Based Bioeconomy, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; ; Twitter: @NDissmeyer
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Pompeiano A, Huarancca Reyes T, Moles TM, Guglielminetti L, Scartazza A. Photosynthetic and Growth Responses of Arundo donax L. Plantlets Under Different Oxygen Deficiency Stresses and Reoxygenation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:408. [PMID: 31024585 PMCID: PMC6459947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Promotion of nonfood species production to marginal, degraded lands abandoned by mainstream agriculture is affected by extremes of water availability (droughts and floods), which have increased in frequency and intensity and account for severe yield reduction. Arundo donax L., known as giant cane or giant reed, spontaneously grows in different kinds of environments with limitation to low temperature and is thus widespread in temperate and hot areas around the world. Moreover, this perennial rhizomatous grass has been recognized as a leading candidate crop in the Mediterranean for lignocellulosic feedstock due to its high C3 photosynthetic capacity, positive energy balance and low agroecological management demand. In this study, the photosynthetic performance and growth response of A. donax to waterlogging and submergence stress following a time course as well as their respective re-oxygenation were analyzed under reproducible and controlled environment conditions. Results of growth response showed that biomass production was strongly conditioned by the availability of oxygen. In fact, only waterlogged plants showed similar growth capacity to those under control conditions, while plants under submergence resulted in a dramatic reduction of this trait. The simultaneous measurements of both gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence highlighted an alteration of both stomatal and non-stomatal photosynthetic behaviors during a short/medium period of oxygen deprivation and re-oxygenation. Photosynthetic CO2 uptake was strictly related to a combination of stomatal and mesophyll diffusional constrains, depending on the severity of the treatment and exposure time. Conditions of waterlogging and hypoxia revealed a slight growth plasticity of the species in response to prolonged stress conditions, followed by a fast recovery upon reoxygenation. Moreover, the rapid restoration of physiological functions after O2 deprivation testifies to the environmental plasticity of this species, although prolonged O2 shortage proved detrimental to A. donax by hampering growth and photosynthetic CO2 uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pompeiano
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Tommaso M. Moles
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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Ruperti B, Botton A, Populin F, Eccher G, Brilli M, Quaggiotti S, Trevisan S, Cainelli N, Guarracino P, Schievano E, Meggio F. Flooding Responses on Grapevine: A Physiological, Transcriptional, and Metabolic Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:339. [PMID: 30972087 PMCID: PMC6443911 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies on model plants have shown that temporary soil flooding exposes roots to a significant hypoxic stress resulting in metabolic re-programming, accumulation of toxic metabolites and hormonal imbalance. To date, physiological and transcriptional responses to flooding in grapevine are poorly characterized. To fill this gap, we aimed to gain insights into the transcriptional and metabolic changes induced by flooding on grapevine roots (K5BB rootstocks), on which cv Sauvignon blanc (Vitis vinifera L.) plants were grafted. A preliminary experiment under hydroponic conditions enabled the identification of transiently and steadily regulated hypoxia-responsive marker genes and drafting a model for response to oxygen deprivation in grapevine roots. Afterward, over two consecutive vegetative seasons, flooding was imposed to potted vines during the late dormancy period, to mimick the most frequent waterlogging events occurring in the field. Untargeted transcriptomic and metabolic profiling approaches were applied to investigate early responses of grapevine roots during exposure to hypoxia and subsequent recovery after stress removal. The initial hypoxic response was marked by a significant increase of the hypoxia-inducible metabolites ethanol, GABA, succinic acid and alanine which remained high also 1 week after recovery from flooding with the exception of ethanol that leveled off. Transcriptomic data supported the metabolic changes by indicating a substantial rearrangement of primary metabolic pathways through enhancement of the glycolytic and fermentative enzymes and of a subset of enzymes involved in the TCA cycle. GO and KEGG pathway analyses of differentially expressed genes showed a general down-regulation of brassinosteroid, auxin and gibberellin biosynthesis in waterlogged plants, suggesting a general inhibition of root growth and lateral expansion. During recovery, transcriptional activation of gibberellin biosynthetic genes and down-regulation of the metabolic ones may support a role for gibberellins in signaling grapevine rootstocks waterlogging metabolic and hormonal changes to the above ground plant. The significant internode elongation measured upon budbreak during recovery in plants that had experienced flooding supported this hypothesis. Overall integration of these data enabled us to draft a first comprehensive view of the molecular and metabolic pathways involved in grapevine's root responses highlighting a deep metabolic and transcriptomic reprogramming during and after exposure to waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, University of Padova, Conegliano, Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Botton
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, University of Padova, Conegliano, Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Populin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giulia Eccher
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Brilli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Quaggiotti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Trevisan
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Nadia Cainelli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Paola Guarracino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Franco Meggio
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, University of Padova, Conegliano, Italy
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Fukao T, Barrera-Figueroa BE, Juntawong P, Peña-Castro JM. Submergence and Waterlogging Stress in Plants: A Review Highlighting Research Opportunities and Understudied Aspects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:340. [PMID: 30967888 PMCID: PMC6439527 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil flooding creates composite and complex stress in plants known as either submergence or waterlogging stress depending on the depth of the water table. In nature, these stresses are important factors dictating the species composition of the ecosystem. On agricultural land, they cause economic damage associated with long-term social consequences. The understanding of the plant molecular responses to these two stresses has benefited from research studying individual components of the stress, in particular low-oxygen stress. To a lesser extent, other associated stresses and plant responses have been incorporated into the molecular framework, such as ion and ROS signaling, pathogen susceptibility, and organ-specific expression and development. In this review, we aim to highlight known or suspected components of submergence/waterlogging stress that have not yet been thoroughly studied at the molecular level in this context, such as miRNA and retrotransposon expression, the influence of light/dark cycles, protein isoforms, root architecture, sugar sensing and signaling, post-stress molecular events, heavy-metal and salinity stress, and mRNA dynamics (splicing, sequestering, and ribosome loading). Finally, we explore biotechnological strategies that have applied this molecular knowledge to develop cultivars resistant to flooding or to offer alternative uses of flooding-prone soils, like bioethanol and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fukao
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Piyada Juntawong
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University – Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Julián Mario Peña-Castro
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad del Papaloapan, Tuxtepec, Mexico
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Wany A, Gupta AK, Kumari A, Mishra S, Singh N, Pandey S, Vanvari R, Igamberdiev AU, Fernie AR, Gupta KJ. Nitrate nutrition influences multiple factors in order to increase energy efficiency under hypoxia in Arabidopsis. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:691-705. [PMID: 30535180 PMCID: PMC6417481 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nitrogen (N) levels vary between ecosystems, while the form of available N has a substantial impact on growth, development and perception of stress. Plants have the capacity to assimilate N in the form of either nitrate (NO3-) or ammonium (NH4+). Recent studies revealed that NO3- nutrition increases nitric oxide (NO) levels under hypoxia. When oxygen availability changes, plants need to generate energy to protect themselves against hypoxia-induced damage. As the effects of NO3- or NH4+ nutrition on energy production remain unresolved, this study was conducted to investigate the role of N source on group VII transcription factors, fermentative genes, energy metabolism and respiration under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. METHODS We used Arabidopsis plants grown on Hoagland medium with either NO3- or NH4+ as a source of N and exposed to 0.8 % oxygen environment. In both roots and seedlings, we investigated the phytoglobin-nitric oxide cycle and the pathways of fermentation and respiration; furthermore, NO levels were tested using a combination of techniques including diaminofluorescein fluorescence, the gas phase Griess reagent assay, respiration by using an oxygen sensor and gene expression analysis by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR methods. KEY RESULTS Under NO3- nutrition, hypoxic stress leads to increases in nitrate reductase activity, NO production, class 1 phytoglobin transcript abundance and metphytoglobin reductase activity. In contrast, none of these processes responded to hypoxia under NH4+ nutrition. Under NO3- nutrition, a decreased total respiratory rate and increased alternative oxidase capacity and expression were observed during hypoxia. Data correlated with decreased reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels. Moreover, increased fermentation and NAD+ recycling as well as increased ATP production concomitant with the increased expression of transcription factor genes HRE1, HRE2, RAP2.2 and RAP2.12 were observed during hypoxia under NO3- nutrition. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study collectively indicate that nitrate nutrition influences multiple factors in order to increase energy efficiency under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Wany
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Kumar Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Aprajita Kumari
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonal Mishra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonika Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Rhythm Vanvari
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Alam MZ, McGee R, Hoque MA, Ahammed GJ, Carpenter-Boggs L. Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Selenium and Biochar on Photosynthetic Pigments and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Under Arsenic Stress in Mung Bean ( Vigna radiata). Front Physiol 2019; 10:193. [PMID: 30930785 PMCID: PMC6424050 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental perturbations alter biochemical compounds in food crops. Arsenic (As), a toxic metalloid, is known to affect the cultivation of food crops in many regions of the world; however, the changes in chlorophyll, catalase (CAT), and proline in response to As stress and the role of stress relief substances remain largely unknown in mung bean (Vigna radiate L.). In this study, biochar (BC), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and selenium (Se) were applied to soils as stress relief substances (under 30 mg kg-1 As stress), and the effects of BC, AMF, and Se on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, CAT activity, and proline content were studied in different mung bean genotypes. Under As stress, the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll contents in BARI mung 3, BARI mung 5, and BARI mung 8 were found statistically similar. Meanwhile, CAT activity increased in comparison to the control due to the application of BC, AMF, and Se in mung bean crops. However, proline was found significantly lower in AMF, BC, and Se-treated mung bean. This indicates that oxidative stress was potentially minimized in As-stressed mung bean crops due to the application of these stress relief substances. Notably, AMF was relatively effective against As stress in comparison to BC and Se. It is concluded that BC, AMF, and Se are all highly effective in enhancing antioxidant defenses as well as the nutritional quality of mung bean crops under As stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zahangeer Alam
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Rebecca McGee
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Grain Legume Genetics Physiology Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Md. Anamul Hoque
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lynne Carpenter-Boggs
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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136
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Iacopino S, Jurinovich S, Cupellini L, Piccinini L, Cardarelli F, Perata P, Mennucci B, Giuntoli B, Licausi F. A Synthetic Oxygen Sensor for Plants Based on Animal Hypoxia Signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:986-1000. [PMID: 30459266 PMCID: PMC6393790 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to the involvement of oxygen in many essential metabolic reactions, all living organisms have developed molecular systems that allow adaptive physiological and metabolic transitions depending on oxygen availability. In mammals, the expression of hypoxia-response genes is controlled by the heterodimeric Hypoxia-Inducible Factor. The activity of this transcriptional regulator is linked mainly to the oxygen-dependent hydroxylation of conserved proline residues in its α-subunit, carried out by prolyl-hydroxylases, and subsequent ubiquitination via the E3 ligase von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, which targets Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-α to the proteasome. By exploiting bioengineered versions of this mammalian oxygen sensor, we designed and optimized a synthetic device that drives gene expression in an oxygen-dependent fashion in plants. Transient assays in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mesophyll protoplasts indicated that a combination of the yeast Gal4/upstream activating sequence system and the mammalian oxygen sensor machinery can be used effectively to engineer a modular, oxygen-inducible transcriptional regulator. This synthetic device also was shown to be selectively controlled by oxygen in whole plants when its components were expressed stably in Arabidopsis seedlings. We envision the exploitation of our genetically encoded controllers to generate plants able to switch gene expression selectively depending on oxygen availability, thereby providing a proof of concept for the potential of synthetic biology to assist agricultural practices in environments with variable oxygen provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Iacopino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Piccinini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | | | | | - Beatrice Giuntoli
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
- Biology Department, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Francesco Licausi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
- Biology Department, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
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137
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Baloji G, Pasham S, Mahankali V, Garladinne M, Ankanagari S. Insights from the molecular docking analysis of phytohormone reveal brassinolide interaction with HSC70 from Pennisetum glaucum. Bioinformation 2019; 15:131-138. [PMID: 31435159 PMCID: PMC6677904 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevailing abiotic stresses, especially heat stress is of great significance on the growth of plants, yield and distribution. In the conditions of heat stress, plants modulate protein processes leading to development of heat tolerance. Of such proteins, the molecular chaperone functions of HSP70/HSC70 proteins are important where their enhanced expression positively correlates with the acquisition of heat tolerance. The key players in the regulation of such tailored protein responses of plants to heat stress are the phytohormones. In the present study, phytohormone mediated interaction of Pennisetum glaucum HSC70 (PgHSC70) protein was performed through docking studies involving sequence analysis, 3D modeling and model evaluation. In silico analysis has shown better interaction and good binding energy of PgHSC70 with the phytohormone brassinolide. Furthermore, the predicted structural information can be helpful for future studies on role of interaction between HSC70 and brassinolide in heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gugulothu Baloji
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Osmania University,Hyderabad (T.S) - 500 007,India
| | - Shobharani Pasham
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Osmania University,Hyderabad (T.S) - 500 007,India
| | - Vinodha Mahankali
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Osmania University,Hyderabad (T.S) - 500 007,India
| | - Mallikarjuna Garladinne
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory,Agri Biotech Foundation,Rajendra Nagar,Hyderabad (T.S) 500 030,India
| | - Srinivas Ankanagari
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Osmania University,Hyderabad (T.S) - 500 007,India
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138
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Panozzo A, Dal Cortivo C, Ferrari M, Vicelli B, Varotto S, Vamerali T. Morphological Changes and Expressions of AOX1A, CYP81D8, and Putative PFP Genes in a Large Set of Commercial Maize Hybrids Under Extreme Waterlogging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:62. [PMID: 30778365 PMCID: PMC6369177 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging is a severe abiotic stressor causing significant growth impairment and yield losses in many crops. Maize is highly sensitive to the excess of water, and against the background of climate change there is an urgent need for deeper insights into the mechanisms of crop adaptation to waterlogging. In the present study, changes in maize morphology at the 4-5 leaf stage and the expression of three candidate genes for flooding tolerance in plants subjected to six continuous days of waterlogging were recorded in 19 commercial hybrids and in the inbred line B73, with the aim of investigating the current variability in cultivated hybrids and identifying useful morphological and molecular markers for screening tolerant genotypes. Here it was demonstrated that root parameters (length, area, biomass) were more impaired by waterlogging than shoot parameters (shoot height and biomass). Culm height generally increased in stressed plants (by up to +24% vs. controls), while shoot biomass was significantly reduced in only two hybrids. Root biomass was reduced in all the hybrids, by an average of 30%, and significantly in 7 hybrids, while root length and area were even more severely reduced, by 30-55% vs. controls, depending on the hybrid. The earlier appearance of aerial roots seemed to be associated with greater root injuries. In leaves, the transcript of the PFP enzyme (phosphofructokinase), which is involved in glycolytic reactions, was markedly up-regulated (up to double the values) in half the waterlogged hybrids, but down-regulated in the others. The transcript of CYP81D8 (ROS-related proteins) in waterlogged plants exhibited relevant increases or strong decreases in level, depending on the hybrid. The transcript of the AOX1A gene, coding for a mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain-related protein, was markedly down-regulated in all the treated hybrids. Expression analysis of these genes under extreme waterlogging only partially correlate with the shoot and root growth impairments observed, and AOX1A seems to be the most informative of them.
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139
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Xiong Q, Cao C, Shen T, Zhong L, He H, Chen X. Comprehensive metabolomic and proteomic analysis in biochemical metabolic pathways of rice spikes under drought and submergence stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:237-247. [PMID: 30611782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drought and submergence are the main adverse factors affecting plant growth and yield formation in parts of China, especially in the Yangtze River region. In this study, T1 (drought duration: 10 d), T2 (submergence duration: 8 d) and CK (control) treatments were applied. This work aimed to study the changes in metabolic pathways of rice under drought and submergence stress during the panicle differentiation stage. The identification and analysis of differential metabolites and differentially expressed proteins functions indicate that drought and submergence mainly promoted the energy metabolism pathway, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organism pathway, carbohydrate metabolic process, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic process functions. Under drought stress, the inhibition of photosynthetic rate is mainly through stomatal conductance restriction, and flavonoid pathway regulates the metabolic process of ROS. Under submergence stress, the electron transfer chain was destroyed to inhibit the photosynthetic rate, and the antioxidant system was activated to regulate the metabolism of ROS. The changes in related enzymes or proteins in metabolic regulatory networks are analyzed, which will be conducive to understanding the response mechanism of rice drought and submergence more deeply and provide a scientific basis for rice drought and submergence prevention and mitigation, and the breeding of drought- and submergence-resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Chaohao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Tianhua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - HaoHua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330045, China.
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330045, China.
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140
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Herrmann AM, Colombi T. Energy use efficiency of root growth - a theoretical bioenergetics framework. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1685147. [PMID: 31668128 PMCID: PMC6866682 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1685147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic efficiency of root growth is a crucial physiological parameter, contributing to the amount of photosynthate that plants need to invest into soil exploration. Common measurements of metabolic efficiency usually rely on CO2 respiration measurements with the underlying assumption that all metabolic processes are taking place under aerobic conditions. In this conceptual paper, we introduce energy use efficiency based on the quantification of heat dissipation and energy fluxes as an alternative metric to quantify the metabolic efficiency of root growth. In a theoretical framework, we adopted recently published heat dissipation data from wheat seedlings and show that energy use efficiency decreases in response to (i) soil hypoxia and (ii) increased soil penetration resistance. In contrast to traditional CO2 respiration measurements, heat dissipation measurements account for both aerobic as well as anaerobic respiration in growing roots. Hence, we advocate that the quantification of heat dissipation provides a more complete picture of the metabolic efficiency of root growth than CO2 respiration measurements alone. We therefore propose that energy use efficiency should be included in future studies assessing the metabolic efficiency of root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Marianne Herrmann
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tino Colombi
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- CONTACT Tino Colombi Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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141
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Takenaka S, Yamamoto R, Nakamura C. Differential and interactive effects of cytoplasmic substitution and seed ageing on submergence stress response in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1549960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Takenaka
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamamoto
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nakamura
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
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142
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Yamauchi T, Abe F, Tsutsumi N, Nakazono M. Root Cortex Provides a Venue for Gas-Space Formation and Is Essential for Plant Adaptation to Waterlogging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:259. [PMID: 31024577 PMCID: PMC6465681 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lysigenous aerenchyma, which develops by death and subsequent lysis of the cortical cells in roots, is essential for internal long-distance oxygen transport from shoot base to root tips of plants in waterlogged soil. Although many studies focus on the amounts of aerenchyma in roots, significance of the size of the root cortex in which aerenchyma forms has received less research attention. In the present study, we evaluated the cross-sectional area of each root tissue in adventitious roots of upland crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum) and maize (Zea mays ssp. mays), and the wetland crop, rice (Oryza sativa) under aerated or stagnant deoxygenated conditions; the latter can mimic the changes in gas composition in waterlogged soils. Our analyses revealed that the areas of whole root and cortex of the three species increased under stagnant conditions. In rice roots, cortex to stele ratio (CSR) and aerenchyma to cortex ratio (ACR), which is associated with the areas of gas spaces, were much higher than those in wheat and maize roots, suggesting that these anatomical features are essential for a high capacity for oxygen transport along roots. To test this hypothesis, rates of radial oxygen loss (ROL), which is the diffusive flux of oxygen from within a root to the external medium, from thick and thin adventitious roots of rice were measured using a cylindrical (root-sleeving) oxygen electrode, for plants with shoots in air and roots in an oxygen-free medium. As expected, the rate of ROL from thick roots, which have larger cortex and aerenchyma areas, was higher than that of thin roots. The rate of ROL was highest at the apical part of rice roots, where aerenchyma was hardly detected, but at which cuboidal cell arrangement in the cortex provides tissue porosity. We conclude that high CSR in combination with large root diameter is a feature which promotes oxygen transport from shoot base to root tips of plants. Moreover, we propose that CSR should be a useful quantitative index for the evaluation and improvement of root traits contributing to tolerance of crops to soil waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Yamauchi
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takaki Yamauchi,
| | | | - Nobuhiro Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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143
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Takenaka S, Yamamoto R, Nakamura C. Genetic diversity of submergence stress response in cytoplasms of the Triticum-Aegilops complex. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16267. [PMID: 30390041 PMCID: PMC6214928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity in cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes and their interaction affecting adaptive traits is an attractive research subject in plants. We addressed submergence stress response of wheat that has become increasingly important but remained largely uninvestigated. Our primary aim was to disclose cytoplasmic diversity using nucleus-cytoplasm (NC) hybrids possessing a series of heterologous cytoplasms in a common nuclear background. Effects of submergence on seedling emergence and growth from imbibed seeds were studied and compared with euplasmic lines. Marked phenotypic variabilities were observed among both lines, demonstrating divergent cytoplasmic and nuclear effects on submergence response. NC hybrids with cytoplasm of Aegilops mutica showed a less inhibition, indicative of their positive contribution to submergence tolerance, whereas cytoplasms of Aegilops umbellulata and related species caused a greater inhibition. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity showed a marked increase accompanied by retardation of seedling growth in a susceptible NC hybrid. The observation suggested that the elevated SOD activity was resulted from a high level of reactive oxygen species accumulated and remained in susceptible seedlings. Taken together, our results point to the usefulness of NC hybrids in further studies needed to clarify molecular mechanisms underlying the nucleus-cytoplasm interaction regulating submergence stress response in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Takenaka
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Ohe-cho, Seta, Otsu, 520-2194, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamamoto
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Ohe-cho, Seta, Otsu, 520-2194, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nakamura
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Ohe-cho, Seta, Otsu, 520-2194, Japan.
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144
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Yu F, Liang K, Zhang Z, Du D, Zhang X, Zhao H, Ui Haq B, Qiu F. Dissecting the genetic architecture of waterlogging stress-related traits uncovers a key waterlogging tolerance gene in maize. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:2299-2310. [PMID: 30062652 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A key candidate gene, GRMZM2G110141, which could be used in marker-assisted selection in maize breeding programs, was detected among the 16 genetic loci associated with waterlogging tolerance identified through genome-wide association study. Waterlogging stress seriously affects the growth and development of upland crops such as maize (Zea mays L.). However, the genetic basis of waterlogging tolerance in crop plants is largely unknown. Here, we identified genetic loci for waterlogging tolerance-related traits by conducting a genome-wide association study using maize phenotypes evaluated in the greenhouse under waterlogging stress and normal conditions. A total of 110 trait-single nucleotide polymorphism associations spanning 16 genomic regions were identified; single associations explained 2.88-10.67% of the phenotypic variance. Among the genomic regions identified, 14 co-localized with previously detected waterlogging tolerance-related quantitative trail loci. Furthermore, 33 candidate genes involved in a wide range of stress-response pathways were predicted. We resequenced a key candidate gene (GRMZM2G110141) in 138 randomly selected inbred lines and found that variations in the 5'-UTR and in the mRNA abundance of this gene under waterlogging conditions were significantly associated with leaf injury. Furthermore, we detected favorable alleles of this gene and validated the favorable alleles in two different recombinant inbred line populations. These alleles enhanced waterlogging tolerance in segregating populations, strongly suggesting that GRMZM2G110141 is a key waterlogging tolerance gene. The set of waterlogging tolerance-related genomic regions and associated markers identified here could be valuable for isolating waterlogging tolerance genes and improving this trait in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kun Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zuxin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dengxiang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Basir Ui Haq
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fazhan Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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145
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Loka D, Harper J, Humphreys M, Gasior D, Wootton-Beard P, Gwynn-Jones D, Scullion J, Doonan J, Kingston-Smith A, Dodd R, Wang J, Chadwick D, Hill P, Jones D, Mills G, Hayes F, Robinson D. Impacts of abiotic stresses on the physiology and metabolism of cool-season grasses: A review. Food Energy Secur 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Loka
- DEMETER; Larisa Greece
- IBERS; Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan; Aberystwyth Ceredigion UK
| | - John Harper
- IBERS; Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan; Aberystwyth Ceredigion UK
| | - Mike Humphreys
- IBERS; Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan; Aberystwyth Ceredigion UK
| | - Dagmara Gasior
- IBERS; Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan; Aberystwyth Ceredigion UK
| | | | | | - John Scullion
- IBERS; Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan; Aberystwyth Ceredigion UK
| | - John Doonan
- IBERS; Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan; Aberystwyth Ceredigion UK
| | | | - Rosalind Dodd
- Environment Centre Wales; Bangor University; Gwynedd UK
| | - Jinyang Wang
- Environment Centre Wales; Bangor University; Gwynedd UK
| | | | - Paul Hill
- Environment Centre Wales; Bangor University; Gwynedd UK
| | - Davey Jones
- Environment Centre Wales; Bangor University; Gwynedd UK
| | - Gina Mills
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales; Bangor Gwynedd UK
| | - Felicity Hayes
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales; Bangor Gwynedd UK
| | - David Robinson
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales; Bangor Gwynedd UK
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146
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Khan MA, Hamayun M, Iqbal A, Khan SA, Hussain A, Asaf S, Khan AL, Yun BW, Lee IJ. Gibberellin application ameliorates the adverse impact of short-term flooding on Glycine max L. Biochem J 2018; 475:2893-2905. [PMID: 30127090 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Flooding is an abiotic stress that creates hypoxic conditions triggered by redox potential leading to restricted growth and grain yield in plants. In the current study, we have investigated the effect of exogenous gibberellins (GA4+7) on soybean under flooding stress. A regulatory role of GAs on biochemical changes in soybean plants [including chlorophyll contents, endogenous bioactive GA1 and GA4, endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA)] has been elucidated after 3 and 6 h of flooding stress. The modulation of stress-related bio-chemicals and their genetic determinants [for instance, ABA (Timing of CAB expression1-TOC1, ABA-receptor-ABAR) and NO (S-nitrosoglutathione reductase-GSNOR1, NO overproducer1-NOX, and nitrite reductase-NR)] in response to short-term flooding stress were also explored. The current study showed that exogenous GAs rescued chlorophyll contents, enhanced endogenous bioactive GA1 and GA4 levels, endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and checked the rate of ABA biosynthesis under short-term flooding. The exo-GAs induced the glutathione activity and reduced the resulting superoxide anion contents during short-term flooding in Pungsannamul soybean. Exo-GAs also triggered the endogenous S-nitrosothiols (precursor for increased NO production) that have been decreased over the time. Moreover, the exo-GAs could impinge a variety of biochemical and transcriptional programs that are ameliorative to plant growth during short-term flooding stress. The presence of GA1 and GA4 also confirms the presence of both C13-hydroxylation pathway and non-C13-hydroxylation pathway in soybean, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Afzal Khan
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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147
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Ye H, Song L, Chen H, Valliyodan B, Cheng P, Ali L, Vuong T, Wu C, Orlowski J, Buckley B, Chen P, Shannon JG, Nguyen HT. A major natural genetic variation associated with root system architecture and plasticity improves waterlogging tolerance and yield in soybean. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2169-2182. [PMID: 29520811 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural genetic variations in waterlogging tolerance are controlled by multiple genes mapped as quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in major crops, including soybean (Glycine max L.). In this research, 2 novel QTLs associated with waterlogging tolerance were mapped from an elite/exotic soybean cross. The subsequent research was focused on a major QTL (qWT_Gm03) with the tolerant allele from the exotic parent. This QTL was isolated into near-isogenic backgrounds, and its effects on waterlogging tolerance were validated in multiple environments. Fine mapping narrowed qWT_Gm03 into a genomic region of <380 Kbp excluding Rps1 gene for Phytophthora sojae resistance. The tolerant allele of qWT_Gm03 promotes root growth under nonstress conditions and favourable root plasticity under waterlogging, resulting in improved waterlogging tolerance, yield, and drought tolerance-related traits, possibly through more efficient water/nutrient uptakes. Meanwhile, involvement of auxin pathways was also identified in the regulation of waterlogging tolerance, as the genotypic differences of qWT_Gm03 in waterlogging tolerance and formation of adventitious/aerial roots can be complemented by an exogenous auxin-biosynthesis inhibitor. These findings provided genetic resources to address the urgent demand of improving waterlogging tolerance in soybean and revealed the determinant roles of root architecture and plasticity in the plant adaptation to waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Ye
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Li Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Babu Valliyodan
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Peng Cheng
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Liakat Ali
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri Fisher Delta Research Center, Portageville, MO, 63873, USA
| | - Tri Vuong
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Chengjun Wu
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - John Orlowski
- Delta Research and Extension Center, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA
| | - Blair Buckley
- Red River Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Pengyin Chen
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri Fisher Delta Research Center, Portageville, MO, 63873, USA
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - J Grover Shannon
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri Fisher Delta Research Center, Portageville, MO, 63873, USA
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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148
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Sundgren TK, Uhlen AK, Lillemo M, Briese C, Wojciechowski T. Rapid seedling establishment and a narrow root stele promotes waterlogging tolerance in spring wheat. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 227:45-55. [PMID: 29735176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Improving the waterlogging tolerance of wheat varieties could alleviate yield constraints caused by excessive rain and poor soil drainage. In this study, we investigated root and shoot growth as well as anatomical traits of six spring wheat genotypes with contrasting waterlogging tolerance properties. Our aim was to identify root traits that differentiate tolerant from sensitive genotypes. Two experiments were conducted using rhizoboxes and photography for data acquisition. In experiment one, root growth of the genotypes was studied during seedling establishment and a subsequent waterlogging treatment, starting at the 3-leaf stage and maintained for seven days. In the second experiment, root and shoot growth of previously waterlogged plants was compared between the genotypes during seven days of recovery. At harvest of experiment two, root segments were sampled to investigate genotype differences of root cross sectional area, root cortex area, stele area and percentage of aerenchyma. The results show that tolerant, in contrast to sensitive genotypes, developed seminal roots faster in the seedling establishment phase and more nodal roots during the waterlogging treatment. NK93602 and Bjarne were the best performing genotypes. Bjarne in particular had a narrower relative stele size of nodal (13.4%) and seminal roots (11.7%) compared to other genotypes (e.g. 16.3% in nodal roots and 13.9% in seminal roots of sensitive Quarna). The results from this study suggests that early vigor is an important trait for waterlogging tolerance in the field. Anatomical root traits, such as a narrow stele and aerenchyma may contribute to improving waterlogging tolerance furthermore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Kristina Sundgren
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Anne Kjersti Uhlen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Morten Lillemo
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Christoph Briese
- IBG-2 (Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Wojciechowski
- IBG-2 (Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich, Germany
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149
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Nguyen TN, Tuan PA, Mukherjee S, Son S, Ayele BT. Hormonal regulation in adventitious roots and during their emergence under waterlogged conditions in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4065-4082. [PMID: 29788353 PMCID: PMC6054230 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying hormonal regulation in adventitious roots and during their emergence under waterlogged conditions in wheat, the present study investigated transcriptional regulation of genes related to hormone metabolism and transport in the root and stem node tissues. Waterlogging-induced inhibition of axile root elongation and lateral root formation, and promotion of surface adventitious and axile root emergence and aerenchyma formation are associated with enhanced expression levels of ethylene biosynthesis genes, ACS7 and ACO2, in both tissues. Inhibition of axile root elongation is also related to increased root indole acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonate (JA) levels that are associated with up-regulation of specific IAA biosynthesis/transport (TDC, YUC1, and PIN9) and JA metabolism (LOX8, AOS1, AOC1, and JAR1) genes, and transcriptional alteration of gibberellin (GA) metabolism genes (GA3ox2 and GA2ox8). Adventitious root emergence from waterlogged stem nodes is associated with increased levels of IAA and GA but decreased levels of cytokinin and abscisic acid (ABA), which are regulated through the expression of specific IAA biosynthesis/transport (TDC, YUC1, and PIN9), cytokinin metabolism (IPT5-2, LOG1, CKX5, and ZOG2), ABA biosynthesis (NCED1 and NCED2), and GA metabolism (GA3ox2 and GA2ox8) genes. These results enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive response of wheat to waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran-Nguyen Nguyen
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pham Anh Tuan
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shalini Mukherjee
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - SeungHyun Son
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Belay T Ayele
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Correspondence:
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150
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Herzog M, Fukao T, Winkel A, Konnerup D, Lamichhane S, Alpuerto JB, Hasler-Sheetal H, Pedersen O. Physiology, gene expression, and metabolome of two wheat cultivars with contrasting submergence tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1632-1644. [PMID: 29664146 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to complete submergence are not well understood as research has focused on waterlogging (soil flooding). The aim of this study was to characterize the responses of 2 wheat cultivars differing vastly in submergence tolerance to test if submergence tolerance was linked to shoot carbohydrate consumption as seen in rice. Eighteen-day-old wheat cultivars Frument (intolerant) and Jackson (tolerant) grown in soil were completely submerged for up to 19 days while assessing responses in physiology, gene expression, and shoot metabolome. Results revealed 50% mortality after 9.3 and 15.9 days of submergence in intolerant Frument and tolerant Jackson, respectively, and significantly higher growth in Jackson during recovery. Frument displayed faster leaf degradation as evident from leaf tissue porosity, chlorophylla , and metabolomic fingerprinting. Surprisingly, shoot soluble carbohydrates, starch, and individual sugars declined to similarly low levels in both cultivars by day 5, showing that cultivar Jackson tolerated longer periods of low shoot carbohydrate levels than Frument. Moreover, intolerant Frument showed higher levels of phytol and the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde relative to tolerant Jackson. Consequently, we propose to further investigate the role of ethylene sensitivity and deprivation of reactive O2 species in submerged wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Herzog
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Takeshi Fukao
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1880 Pratt Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Anders Winkel
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Dennis Konnerup
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Suman Lamichhane
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1880 Pratt Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Jasper Benedict Alpuerto
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1880 Pratt Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Harald Hasler-Sheetal
- Nordcee, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, 5230, Denmark
- VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Ole Pedersen
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
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