101
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Filyushin MA, Kochieva EZ, Shchennikova AV, Beletsky AV, Mardanov AV, Ravin NV, Skryabin KG. SWEET Uniporter Gene Family Expression Profile in the Pitcher Development in the Carnivorous Plant Nepenthes sp. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419050089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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102
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Jeena GS, Kumar S, Shukla RK. Structure, evolution and diverse physiological roles of SWEET sugar transporters in plants. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:351-365. [PMID: 31030374 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Present review describes the structure, evolution, transport mechanism and physiological functions of SWEETs. Their application using TALENs and CRISPR/CAS9 based genomic editing approach is discussed. Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET) proteins were first identified in plants as the novel family of sugar transporters which mediates the translocation of sugars across cell membranes. The SWEET family of sugar transporters is unique in terms of their structure which contains seven predicted transmembrane domains with two internal triple-helix bundles which possibly originate due to prokaryotic gene duplication. SWEETs perform diverse physiological functions such as pollen nutrition, nectar secretion, seed filling, phloem loading, and pathogen nutrition which we have discussed in the present review. We also discuss how transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and CRISPR/CAS9 genome editing tools are used to engineer SWEET mutants which modulate pathogen resistance in plants and its applications in the field of agriculture. The expression of SWEETs promises to implement insights into many other cellular transport mechanisms. To conclude, the present review highlights the recent aspects which will further develop better understanding of molecular evolution, structure, and function of SWEET transporters in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra Singh Jeena
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Shukla
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India.
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103
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Ho LH, Klemens PAW, Neuhaus HE, Ko HY, Hsieh SY, Guo WJ. SlSWEET1a is involved in glucose import to young leaves in tomato plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3241-3254. [PMID: 30958535 PMCID: PMC6598072 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sugar allocation from source to sink (young) leaves, critical for plant development, relies on activities of plasma membrane sugar transporters. However, the key sugar unloading mechanism to sink leaves remains elusive. SWEET transporters mediate sugar efflux into reproductive sinks; therefore, they are promising candidates for sugar unloading during leaf growth. Transcripts of SlSWEET1a, belonging to clade I of the SWEET family, were markedly more abundant than those of all other 30 SlSWEET genes in young leaves of tomatoes. High expression of SlSWEET1a was also detected in reproductive sinks, such as flowers. SlSWEET1a was dominantly expressed in leaf unloading veins, and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein was localized to the plasma membrane using Arabidopsis protoplasts, further implicating this carrier in sugar unloading. In addition, yeast growth assays and radiotracer uptake analyses further demonstrated that SlSWEET1a acted as a low-affinity (Km ~100 mM) glucose-specific carrier with a passive diffusion manner. Finally, virus-induced gene silencing of SlSWEET1a expression reduced hexose accumulation to ~50% in young leaves, with a parallel 2-fold increase in mature leaves. Thus, we propose a novel function for SlSWEET1a in the uptake of glucose into unloading cells as part of the sugar unloading mechanism in sink leaves of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Patrick A W Klemens
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Han-Yu Ko
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Jiun Guo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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104
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Zhang Z, Zou L, Ren C, Ren F, Wang Y, Fan P, Li S, Liang Z. VvSWEET10 Mediates Sugar Accumulation in Grapes. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10040255. [PMID: 30925768 PMCID: PMC6523336 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar accumulation is a critical event during grape berry ripening that determines the grape market values. Berry cells are highly dependent on sugar transporters to mediate cross-membrane transport. However, the role of sugar transporters in improving sugar accumulation in berries is not well established in grapes. Herein we report that a Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET), that is, VvSWEET10, was strongly expressed at the onset of ripening (véraison) and can improve grape sugar content. VvSWEET10 encodes a plasma membrane-localized transporter, and the heterologous expression of VvSWEET10 indicates that VvSWEET10 is a hexose-affinity transporter and has a broad spectrum of sugar transport functions. VvSWEET10 overexpression in grapevine calli and tomatoes increased the glucose, fructose, and total sugar levels significantly. The RNA sequencing results of grapevine transgenic calli showed that many sugar transporter genes and invertase genes were upregulated and suggest that VvSWEET10 may mediate sugar accumulation. These findings elucidated the role of VvSWEET10 in sugar accumulation and will be beneficial for the improvement of grape berry quality in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Luming Zou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fengrui Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Peige Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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105
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Zhang C, Lv M, Yin W, Dong T, Chang C, Miao Y, Jia Y, Deng Y. Xanthomonas campestris Promotes Diffusible Signal Factor Biosynthesis and Pathogenicity by Utilizing Glucose and Sucrose from Host Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:157-166. [PMID: 30156480 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-18-0187-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris produces diffusible signal factor (DSF) quorum sensing (QS) signals to regulate its biological functions and virulence. Our previous study showed that X. campestris pv. campestris utilizes host plant metabolites to enhance the biosynthesis of DSF family signals. However, it is unclear how X. campestris pv. campestris benefits from the metabolic products of the host plant. In this study, we observed that the host plant metabolites not only boosted the production of the DSF family signals but also modulated the expression levels of DSF-regulated genes in X. campestris pv. campestris. Infection with X. campestris pv. campestris induced changes in the expression of many sugar transporter genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Exogenous addition of sucrose or glucose, which are the major products of photosynthesis in plants, enhanced DSF signal production and X. campestris pv. campestris pathogenicity in the Arabidopsis model. In addition, several sucrose hydrolase-encoding genes in X. campestris pv. campestris and sucrose invertase-encoding genes in the host plant were notably upregulated during the infection process. These enzymes hydrolyzed sucrose to glucose and fructose, and in trans expression of one of these enzymes, CINV1 of A. thaliana or XC_0805 of X. campestris pv. campestris, enhanced DSF signal biosynthesis in X. campestris pv. campestris in the presence of sucrose. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that X. campestris pv. campestris applies multiple strategies to utilize host plant sugars to enhance QS and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- 2 Guangdong Innovative Research Team of Sociomicrobiology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University
| | - Mingfa Lv
- 3 Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University
| | - Wenfang Yin
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- 2 Guangdong Innovative Research Team of Sociomicrobiology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University
| | - Tingyan Dong
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- 2 Guangdong Innovative Research Team of Sociomicrobiology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University
| | - Changqing Chang
- 2 Guangdong Innovative Research Team of Sociomicrobiology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University
- 3 Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University
| | - Yansong Miao
- 4 School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551; and
| | - Yantao Jia
- 5 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yinyue Deng
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- 2 Guangdong Innovative Research Team of Sociomicrobiology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University
- 3 Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University
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106
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Xue J, Li T, Wang S, Xue Y, Liu X, Zhang X. Defoliation and gibberellin synergistically induce tree peony flowering with non-structural carbohydrates as intermedia. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 233:31-41. [PMID: 30580057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the natural florescence of the tree peony is short, it can be lengthened by forcing culture. In this study, both defoliation or gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment individually induced tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa 'Luo Yang Hong') flowering under forcing culture, and their combination (D + G) accelerated flowering with a GA3-overdose-like phenomenon, indicating that synergism between defoliation and GA3 treatment may occur. Both defoliation and GA3 treatment induced a GA response, including (i) increased GA3 production, (ii) increased PsCPS and PsGA3ox expression, and (iii) decreased PsGA2ox, PsGID1c, and PsGID2 expression; both treatments also positively influenced non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation. According to the expression of five PsSWEETs, PsSWEET2 and PsSWEET17 may redundantly exercise the crosstalk of defoliation and GA3 treatment by NSC distribution, whereas PsSWEET12 may act by GA modulation; no synergism resulting from the D + G treatment was detected. Tissue-specific analysis indicated that, in sepals, PsSWEET2 and PsSWET7 are both induced by defoliation and GA3 treatment, whereas PsSWEET2 expression showed synergism with the D + G treatment. In summary, defoliation and GA3 treatment synergistically induce tree peony flowering under forcing culture, and NSCs are suggested as key intermedia. Moreover, sepals may play key roles in their synergism, although more direct evidence is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Xue
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Shunli Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqian Xue
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xianwu Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiuxin Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
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107
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Patzke K, Prananingrum P, Klemens PAW, Trentmann O, Rodrigues CM, Keller I, Fernie AR, Geigenberger P, Bölter B, Lehmann M, Schmitz-Esser S, Pommerrenig B, Haferkamp I, Neuhaus HE. The Plastidic Sugar Transporter pSuT Influences Flowering and Affects Cold Responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:569-587. [PMID: 30482788 PMCID: PMC6426421 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose (Suc) is one of the most important types of sugars in plants, serving inter alia as a long-distance transport molecule, a carbon and energy storage compound, an osmotically active solute, and fuel for many anabolic reactions. Suc biosynthesis and degradation pathways are well known; however, the regulation of Suc intracellular distribution is poorly understood. In particular, the cellular function of chloroplast Suc reserves and the transporters involved in accumulating these substantial Suc levels remain uncharacterized. Here, we characterize the plastidic sugar transporter (pSuT) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which belongs to a subfamily of the monosaccharide transporter-like family. Transport analyses with yeast cells expressing a truncated, vacuole-targeted version of pSuT indicate that both glucose and Suc act as substrates, and nonaqueous fractionation supports a role for pSuT in Suc export from the chloroplast. The latter process is required for a correct transition from vegetative to reproductive growth and influences inflorescence architecture. Moreover, pSuT activity affects freezing-induced electrolyte release. These data further underline the central function of the chloroplast for plant development and the modulation of stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Patzke
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Patrick A W Klemens
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Oliver Trentmann
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Isabel Keller
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institut for Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Biocenter, Department II, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bettina Bölter
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Biocenter, Department II, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Biocenter, Department II, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | - Ilka Haferkamp
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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108
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Zhang W, Wang S, Yu F, Tang J, Shan X, Bao K, Yu L, Wang H, Fei Z, Li J. Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of SWEET genes in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) reveal their roles in chilling and clubroot disease responses. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:93. [PMID: 30696401 PMCID: PMC6352454 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SWEET proteins are a group of sugar transporters that play a role in sugar efflux during a range of biological processes, including stress responses. However, there has been no comprehensive analysis of the SWEET family genes in Brassica oleracea (BoSWEET), and the evolutionary pattern, phylogenetic relationship, gene characteristics of BoSWEET genes and their expression patterns under biotic and abiotic stresses remain largely unexplored. RESULTS A total of 30 BoSWEET genes were identified and divided into four clades in B. oleracea. Phylogenetic analysis of the BoSWEET proteins indicated that clade II formed first, followed by clade I, clade IV and clade III, successively. Clade III, the newest clade, shows signs of rapid expansion. The Ks values of the orthologous SWEET gene pairs between B. oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana ranged from 0.30 to 0.45, which estimated that B. oleracea diverged from A. thaliana approximately 10 to 15 million years ago. Prediction of transmembrane regions showed that eight BoSWEET proteins contain one characteristic MtN3_slv domain, twenty-one contain two, and one has four. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that five BoSWEET genes from clades III and IV exhibited reduced expression levels under chilling stress. Additionally, the expression levels of six BoSWEET genes were up-regulated in roots of a clubroot-susceptible cabbage cultivar (CS-JF1) at 7 days after inoculation with Plasmodiophora brassicae compared with uninoculated plants, indicating that these genes may play important roles in transporting sugars into sink roots associated with P. brassicae colonization in CS-JF1. Subcellular localization analysis of a subset of BoSWEET proteins indicated that they are localized in the plasma membrane. CONCLUSIONS This study provides important insights into the evolution of the SWEET gene family in B. oleracea and other species, and represents the first study to characterize phylogenetic relationship, gene structures and expression patterns of the BoSWEET genes. These findings provide new insights into the complex transcriptional regulation of BoSWEET genes, as well as potential candidate BoSWEET genes that promote sugar transport to enhance chilling tolerance and clubroot disease resistance in cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangwei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Shan
- Zhenjiang Agricultural Research Institute, Jurong, Jiangsu 212400 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kan Bao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Li Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Jianbin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
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109
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Hu B, Huang W, Dong L, Liu S, Zhou Y. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a sugar transporter gene (CsTST2) from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1555011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Weifeng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Liaoliao Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shiqiang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
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110
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Fan K, Zhang Q, Liu M, Ma L, Shi Y, Ruan J. Metabolomic and transcriptional analyses reveal the mechanism of C, N allocation from source leaf to flower in tea plant (Camellia sinensis. L). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 232:200-208. [PMID: 30537607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tea flowering in late autumn competes for a large amount of nitrogen and carbohydrates, potentially undermines the storage of these resources in vegetative organs, and negatively influences the subsequent spring tea yield and quality. The mechanism underlying the re-allocation N and carbohydrate from source leaf to flower in tea plant has not been clearly understood. In this study, 15N allocation, changes in metabolomics, and gene expression in flower buds, flowers, and adjacent leaves were characterized. Total N content of the adjacent leaves significantly decreased during flowering while such a decrease could be reversed by flower bud removal. Foliar-applied 15N in the adjacent leaves markedly decreased and was readily allocated to flowers. Metabolomic analysis revealed that most sugars and benzoic acid increased by more than two-fold whereas theanine, Gln, Arg, Asp, and Asn decreased when flower buds fully opened to become flowers. In this process, Gly, Pro, and cellobiose in the adjacent leaves increased considerably whereas sucrose, galactose, benzoic acid, and many fatty acids decreased. Removal of flower buds reversed or alleviated the above decreases and led to an increase of Asn in the leaves. The expression of genes associated with autophagy (ATG5, ATG9, ATG12, ATG18), sucrose transporters (SUT1, SUT2, SUT4), amino acids permease (AAP6, AAP7, AAP8), glutamine synthetase (GS1;1, GS1;2, GS1;3), and asparagine synthetase (ASN1, ASN2) was significantly up-regulated in leaves during the flowering process and was strongly modulated by the removal of flower buds. The overall results demonstrated that leaves are the ready source providing N and carbohydrates in flowering and a series of genes related to autophagy, protein degradation, turn-over of amino acids, and phloem loading for transport are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 31008, China
| | - Qunfeng Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 31008, China
| | - Meiya Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 31008, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 31008, China
| | - Yuanzhi Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 31008, China
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 31008, China.
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111
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Mao Q, Chen C, Xie T, Luan A, Liu C, He Y. Comprehensive tissue-specific transcriptome profiling of pineapple ( Ananas comosus) and building an eFP-browser for further study. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6028. [PMID: 30564517 PMCID: PMC6284516 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pineapple is one of the most economically important tropical or subtropical fruit trees. However, few studies focus on the development of its unique collective fruit. In this study, we generated a genome-wide developmental transcriptomic profile of 14 different tissues of the collective fruit of the pineapple covering each of the three major fruit developmental stages. In total, 273 tissue-specific and 1,051 constitutively expressed genes were detected. We also performed gene co-expression analysis and 18 gene modules were classified. Among these, we found three interesting gene modules; one was preferentially expressed in bracts and sepals and was likely involved in plant defense; one was highly expressed at the beginning of fruit expansion and faded afterward and was probably involved in endocytosis; Another gene module increased expression level with pineapple fruit development and was involved in terpenoid and polyketide metabolism. In addition, we built a pineapple electronic fluorescent pictograph (eFP) browser to facilitate exploration of gene expression during pineapple fruit development. With this tool, users can visualize expression data in this study in an intuitive way. Together, the transcriptome profile generated in this work and the corresponding eFP browser will facilitate further study of fruit development in pineapple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Mao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chengjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiping Luan
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Danzhou, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehua He
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Walerowski P, Gündel A, Yahaya N, Truman W, Sobczak M, Olszak M, Rolfe S, Borisjuk L, Malinowski R. Clubroot Disease Stimulates Early Steps of Phloem Differentiation and Recruits SWEET Sucrose Transporters within Developing Galls. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:3058-3073. [PMID: 30413655 PMCID: PMC6354258 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Successful biotrophic plant pathogens can divert host nutrition toward infection sites. Here we describe how the protist Plasmodiophora brassicae establishes a long-term feeding relationship with its host by stimulating phloem differentiation and phloem-specific expression of sugar transporters within developing galls. Development of galls in infected Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants is accompanied by stimulation of host BREVIS RADIX, COTYLEDON VASCULAR PATTERN, and OCTOPUS gene expression leading to an increase in phloem complexity. We characterized how the arrest of this developmental reprogramming influences both the host and the invading pathogen. Furthermore, we found that infection leads to phloem-specific accumulation of SUGARS WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTERS11 and 12 facilitating local distribution of sugars toward the pathogen. Utilizing Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy to monitor spatial distribution of carbohydrates, we found that infection leads to the formation of a strong physiological sink at the site of infection. High resolution metabolic and structural imaging of sucrose distributions revealed that sweet11 sweet12 double mutants are impaired in sugar transport toward the pathogen, delaying disease progression. This work highlights the importance of precise regulation of sugar partitioning for plant-pathogen interactions and the dependence of P brassicae's performance on its capacity to induce a phloem sink at the feeding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Walerowski
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - André Gündel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Nazariyah Yahaya
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - William Truman
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mirosław Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Olszak
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Stephen Rolfe
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Robert Malinowski
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
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Hu W, Hua X, Zhang Q, Wang J, Shen Q, Zhang X, Wang K, Yu Q, Lin YR, Ming R, Zhang J. New insights into the evolution and functional divergence of the SWEET family in Saccharum based on comparative genomics. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:270. [PMID: 30404601 PMCID: PMC6222987 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) gene family is a recently identified group of sugar transporters that play an indispensable role in sugar efflux, phloem loading, plant-pathogen interaction, nectar secretion, and reproductive tissue development. However, little information on Saccharum SWEET is available for this crop with a complex genetic background. RESULTS In this study, 22 SWEET genes were identified from Saccharum spontaneum Bacterial Artificial Chromosome libraries sequences. Phylogenetic analyses of SWEETs from 11 representative plant species showed that gene expansions of the SWEET family were mainly caused by the recent gene duplication in dicot plants, while these gene expansions were attributed to the ancient whole genome duplication (WGD) in monocot plant species. Gene expression profiles were obtained from RNA-seq analysis. SWEET1a and SWEET2s had higher expression levels in the transitional zone and maturing zone than in the other analyzed zones. SWEET1b was mainly expressed in the leaf tissues and the mature zone of the leaf of both S. spontaneum and S. officinarum, and displayed a peak in the morning and was undetectable in both sclerenchyma and parenchyma cells from the mature stalks of S. officinarum. SsSWEET4a\4b had higher expression levels than SWEET4c and were mainly expressed in the stems of seedlings and mature plants. SWEET13s are recently duplicated genes, and the expression of SWEET13s dramatically increased from the maturing to mature zones. SWEET16b's expression was not detected in S. officinarum, but displayed a rhythmic diurnal expression pattern. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the gene evolutionary history of SWEETs in Saccharum and SWEET1b was found to be a sucrose starvation-induced gene involved in the sugar transportation in the high photosynthetic zones. SWEET13c was identified as the key player in the efflux of sugar transportation in mature photosynthetic tissues. SWEET4a\4b were found to be mainly involved in sugar transportation in the stalk. SWEET1a\2a\4a\4b\13a\16b were suggested to be the genes contributing to the differences in sugar contents between S. spontaneum and S. officinarum. Our results are valuable for further functional analysis of SWEET genes and utilization of the SWEET genes for genetic improvement of Saccharum for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichang Hu
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Xiuting Hua
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Qiaochu Shen
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Kai Wang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Qingyi Yu
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University System, Dallas, TX 75252 USA
| | - Yann-Rong Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Ray Ming
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Jisen Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
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Cheng R, Cheng Y, Lü J, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zhang H. The gene PbTMT4 from pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) mediates vacuolar sugar transport and strongly affects sugar accumulation in fruit. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 164:307-319. [PMID: 29603749 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tonoplast monosaccharide transporters (TMTs) play important roles in vacuolar sugar accumulation in plants. In this study, six TMT genes (PbTMT1-6) were identified in the Pyrus bretschneideri genome database, and their expression profiles were correlated with soluble sugar contents during the pear (P. bretschneideri cv. Ya Li) fruit development process. Subsequently, PbTMT4 was identified as a strong contributor to fructose, glucose and sucrose accumulation in fructescence of pears. Heterologous expression of PbTMT4, in the hexose transporter-deficient yeast strain EBY.VW4000, facilitated growth in media containing low levels of glucose, fructose, sucrose or sorbitol. In addition, PbTMT4-transformed tomato plants flowered and bore fruit significantly earlier than wild-type (WT) plants, and glucose and fructose levels in mature tomatoes were increased by about 32 and 21% compared with those in WT plants. However, no obvious alterations in sucrose content, plant height and weight per fruit were observed. Finally, subcellular localization experiments in transformed Arabidopsis plants showed that PbTMT4 is localized to tonoplast vesicles of protoplasts. These preliminary results suggest that PbTMT4 participates in vacuolar accumulation of sugars, and thus affects plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yinsheng Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiahong Lü
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingzhen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huping Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Shammai A, Petreikov M, Yeselson Y, Faigenboim A, Moy-Komemi M, Cohen S, Cohen D, Besaulov E, Efrati A, Houminer N, Bar M, Ast T, Schuldiner M, Klemens PAW, Neuhaus E, Baxter CJ, Rickett D, Bonnet J, White R, Giovannoni JJ, Levin I, Schaffer A. Natural genetic variation for expression of a SWEET transporter among wild species of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) determines the hexose composition of ripening tomato fruit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:343-357. [PMID: 30044900 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The sugar content of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit is a primary determinant of taste and quality. Cultivated tomato fruit are characterized by near-equimolar levels of the hexoses glucose and fructose, derived from the hydrolysis of translocated sucrose. As fructose is perceived as approximately twice as sweet as glucose, increasing its concentration at the expense of glucose can improve tomato fruit taste. Introgressions of the FgrH allele from the wild species Solanum habrochaites (LA1777) into cultivated tomato increased the fructose-to-glucose ratio of the ripe fruit by reducing glucose levels and concomitantly increasing fructose levels. In order to identify the function of the Fgr gene, we combined a fine-mapping strategy with RNAseq differential expression analysis of near-isogenic tomato lines. The results indicated that a SWEET protein was strongly upregulated in the lines with a high fructose-to-glucose ratio. Overexpressing the SWEET protein in transgenic tomato plants dramatically reduced the glucose levels and increased the fructose : glucose ratio in the developing fruit, thereby proving the function of the protein. The SWEET protein was localized to the plasma membrane and expression of the SlFgr gene in a yeast line lacking native hexose transporters complemented growth with glucose, but not with fructose. These results indicate that the SlFgr gene encodes a plasma membrane-localized glucose efflux transporter of the SWEET family, the overexpression of which reduces glucose levels and may allow for increased fructose levels. This article identifies the function of the tomato Fgr gene as a SWEET transporter, the upregulation of which leads to a modified sugar accumulation pattern in the fleshy fruit. The results point to the potential of the inedible wild species to improve fruit sugar accumulation via sugar transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Shammai
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Marina Petreikov
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yelena Yeselson
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Michal Moy-Komemi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Shahar Cohen
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dvir Cohen
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Eduard Besaulov
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ari Efrati
- Zeraim-Syngenta Seed Co., Gedera, Israel
| | | | - Moshe Bar
- Zeraim-Syngenta Seed Co., Gedera, Israel
| | - Tslil Ast
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - P A W Klemens
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Charles J Baxter
- Syngenta Seed Co., Jeallott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Dan Rickett
- Syngenta Seed Co., Jeallott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Julien Bonnet
- Syngenta Seed Co., Toulouse Innovation Center, Saint Sauveur, France
| | - Ruth White
- USDA-ARS and Boyce-Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Ilan Levin
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Arthur Schaffer
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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116
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Bera I, Klauda JB. Structural Events in a Bacterial Uniporter Leading to Translocation of Glucose to the Cytosol. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3337-3352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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117
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Pommerrenig B, Ludewig F, Cvetkovic J, Trentmann O, Klemens PAW, Neuhaus HE. In Concert: Orchestrated Changes in Carbohydrate Homeostasis Are Critical for Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1290-1299. [PMID: 29444312 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The sessile lifestyle of higher plants is accompanied by their remarkable ability to tolerate unfavorable environmental conditions. This is because, during evolution, plants developed a sophisticated repertoire of molecular and metabolic reactions to cope with changing biotic and abiotic challenges. In particular, the abiotic factors light intensity and ambient temperature are characterized by altering their amplitude within comparably short periods of time and are causative for onset of dynamic plant responses. These rapid responses in plants are also classified as 'acclimation reactions' which differ, due to their reversibility and duration, from non-reversible 'adaptation reactions'. In this review, we demonstrate the remarkable importance of stress-induced changes in carbohydrate homeostasis of plants exposed to high light or low temperatures. These changes represent a co-ordinated process comprising modifications of (i) the concentrations of selected sugars; (ii) starch turnover; (iii) intracellular sugar compartmentation; and (iv) corresponding gene expression patterns. The critical importance of these individual processes has been underlined in the recent past by the analyses of a large number of mutant plants. The outcome of these analyses raised our understanding of acclimation processes in plants per se but might even become instrumental to develop new concepts for directed breeding approaches with the aim to increase abiotic stress tolerance of crop species, which in most cases have high stress sensitivity. The latter direction of plant research is of special importance since abiotic stress stimuli strongly impact on crop productivity and are expected to become even more pronounced because of human activities which alter environmental conditions rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pommerrenig
- University of Kaiserslautern, Plant Physiology, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frank Ludewig
- Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 5, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jelena Cvetkovic
- University of Kaiserslautern, Plant Physiology, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Oliver Trentmann
- University of Kaiserslautern, Plant Physiology, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Patrick A W Klemens
- University of Kaiserslautern, Plant Physiology, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- University of Kaiserslautern, Plant Physiology, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Zhou A, Ma H, Feng S, Gong S, Wang J. DsSWEET17, a Tonoplast-Localized Sugar Transporter from Dianthus spiculifolius, Affects Sugar Metabolism and Confers Multiple Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061564. [PMID: 29794972 PMCID: PMC6032047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant SWEETs (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) affect the growth of plants by regulating the transport of sugar from source to sink and its intracellular transport between different organelles. In this study, DsSWEET17 from Dianthus spiculifolius was identified and characterized. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression of DsSWEET17 was affected by exogenous application of fructose and glucose as well as under salt, osmotic, and oxidation stress. Colocalization experiments showed that the DsSWEET17-GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion protein was localized to the FM4-64-labeled tonoplasts in Arabidopsis. Compared to the wild type, the transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing DsSWEET17 had longer roots, greater fresh weight, and a faster root growth upon exogenous application of fructose. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings had significantly higher fructose accumulation than was observed for the wild-type seedlings. The analysis of root length revealed that transgenic Arabidopsis had higher tolerance to salt, osmotic, and oxidative stresses. Taken together, our results suggest that DsSWEET17 may be a tonoplast sugar transporter, and its overexpression affects sugar metabolism and confers multiple stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Hongping Ma
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Shuang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Shufang Gong
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Jingang Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Binenbaum J, Weinstain R, Shani E. Gibberellin Localization and Transport in Plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:410-421. [PMID: 29530380 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Distribution patterns and finely-tuned concentration gradients of plant hormones govern plant growth and development. Gibberellin (GA) is a plant hormone regulating key processes in plants; many of them are of significant agricultural importance, such as seed germination, root and shoot elongation, flowering, and fruit patterning. Although studies have demonstrated that GA movement is essential for multiple developmental aspects, how GAs are transported throughout the plant and where exactly they accumulate remain largely unknown. Here, we summarize recent findings from studies of GA movement and localization, and discuss the importance of GA intermediates in long- and short-distance movement. We further review recently identified Arabidopsis GA transporters and highlight their complex specialization and robust functional redundancy in GA transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenia Binenbaum
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy Weinstain
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eilon Shani
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Desnoues E, Génard M, Quilot-Turion B, Baldazzi V. A kinetic model of sugar metabolism in peach fruit reveals a functional hypothesis of a markedly low fructose-to-glucose ratio phenotype. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29543354 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of sugars in fruit vary with fruit development, environment and genotype. In general, there were weak correlations between the variations in sugar concentrations and the activities of enzymes directly related with the synthesis or degradation of sugars. This finding suggests that the relationships between enzyme activities and metabolites are often non-linear and are difficult to assess. To simulate the concentrations of sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol during the development of peach fruit, a kinetic model of sugar metabolism was developed by taking advantage of recent profiling data. Cell compartmentation (cytosol and vacuole) was described explicitly, and data-driven enzyme activities were used to parameterize equations. The model correctly accounts for both annual and genotypic variations, which were observed in 10 genotypes derived from an interspecific cross. They provided important information on the mechanisms underlying the specification of phenotypic differences. In particular, the model supports the hypothesis that a difference in fructokinase affinity could be responsible for a low fructose-to-glucose ratio phenotype, which was observed in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Desnoues
- UR1115, PSH, INRA, 84914, Avignon, France
- UR1052, GAFL, INRA, 84143, Montfavet, France
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121
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Oyiga BC, Sharma RC, Baum M, Ogbonnaya FC, Léon J, Ballvora A. Allelic variations and differential expressions detected at quantitative trait loci for salt stress tolerance in wheat. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:919-935. [PMID: 28044314 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing salinization of agricultural lands is a threat to global wheat production. Understanding of the mechanistic basis of salt tolerance (ST) is essential for developing breeding and selection strategies that would allow for increased wheat production under saline conditions to meet the increasing global demand. We used a set that consists of 150 internationally derived winter and facultative wheat cultivars genotyped with a 90K SNP chip and phenotyped for ST across three growth stages and for ionic (leaf K+ and Na+ contents) traits to dissect the genetic architecture regulating ST in wheat. Genome-wide association mapping revealed 187 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) (R2 = 3.00-30.67%), representing 37 quantitative trait loci (QTL), significantly associated with the ST traits. Of these, four QTL on 1BS, 2AL, 2BS and 3AL were associated with ST across the three growth stages and with the ionic traits. Novel QTL were also detected on 1BS and 1DL. Candidate genes linked to these polymorphisms were uncovered, and expression analyses were performed and validated on them under saline and non-saline conditions using transcriptomics and qRT-PCR data. Expressed sequence comparisons in contrasting ST wheat genotypes identified several non-synonymous/missense mutation sites that are contributory to the ST trait variations, indicating the biological relevance of these polymorphisms that can be exploited in breeding for ST in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict C Oyiga
- INRES Pflanzenzuchtung, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ram C Sharma
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), 6 Osiyo Street, Tashkent, 100000, Uzbekistan
| | - Michael Baum
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 6299, Al Irfane, 10112, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Francis C Ogbonnaya
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 6299, Al Irfane, 10112, Rabat, Morocco
- Grains Research and Development Corporation, PO Box 5367, Kingston, Australian Capital Territory, 2604, Australia
| | - Jens Léon
- INRES Pflanzenzuchtung, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Agim Ballvora
- INRES Pflanzenzuchtung, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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Wang L, Yao L, Hao X, Li N, Qian W, Yue C, Ding C, Zeng J, Yang Y, Wang X. Tea plant SWEET transporters: expression profiling, sugar transport, and the involvement of CsSWEET16 in modifying cold tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:577-592. [PMID: 29616437 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen SWEET transporters were identified in Camellia sinensis and the cold-suppression gene CsSWEET16 contributed to sugar compartmentation across the vacuole and function in modifying cold tolerance in Arabidopsis. The sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET) family of sugar transporters in plants is a recently identified protein family of sugar uniporters that contain seven transmembrane helices harbouring two MtN3 motifs. SWEETs play important roles in various biological processes, including plant responses to environmental stimuli. In this study, 13 SWEET transporters were identified in Camellia sinensis and were divided into four clades. Transcript abundances of CsSWEET genes were detected in various tissues. CsSWEET1a/1b/2a/2b/2c/3/9b/16/17 were expressed in all of the selected tissues, whereas the expression of CsSWEET5/7/9a/15 was not detected in some tissues, including those of mature leaves. Expression analysis of nine CsSWEET genes in leaves in response to abiotic stresses, natural cold acclimation and Colletotrichum camelliae infection revealed that eight CsSWEET genes responded to abiotic stress, while CsSWEET3 responded to C. camelliae infection. Functional analysis of 13 CsSWEET activities in yeast revealed that CsSWEET1a/1b/7/17 exhibit transport activity for glucose analogues and other types of hexose molecules. Further characterization of the cold-suppression gene CsSWEET16 revealed that this gene is localized in the vacuolar membrane. CsSWEET16 contributed to sugar compartmentation across the vacuole and function in modifying cold tolerance in Arabidopsis. Together, these findings demonstrate that CsSWEET genes play important roles in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses in tea plants and provide insights into the characteristics of SWEET genes in tea plants, which could serve as the basis for further functional identification of such genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9th South of Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Lina Yao
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9th South of Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xinyuan Hao
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9th South of Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Nana Li
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9th South of Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Wenjun Qian
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9th South of Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Chuan Yue
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9th South of Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Changqing Ding
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9th South of Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9th South of Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9th South of Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Xinchao Wang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9th South of Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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123
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Bezrutczyk M, Hartwig T, Horschman M, Char SN, Yang J, Yang B, Frommer WB, Sosso D. Impaired phloem loading in zmsweet13a,b,c sucrose transporter triple knock-out mutants in Zea mays. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:594-603. [PMID: 29451311 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Crop yield depends on efficient allocation of sucrose from leaves to seeds. In Arabidopsis, phloem loading is mediated by a combination of SWEET sucrose effluxers and subsequent uptake by SUT1/SUC2 sucrose/H+ symporters. ZmSUT1 is essential for carbon allocation in maize, but the relative contribution to apoplasmic phloem loading and retrieval of sucrose leaking from the translocation path is not known. Here we analysed the contribution of SWEETs to phloem loading in maize. We identified three leaf-expressed SWEET sucrose transporters as key components of apoplasmic phloem loading in Zea mays L. ZmSWEET13 paralogues (a, b, c) are among the most highly expressed genes in the leaf vasculature. Genome-edited triple knock-out mutants were severely stunted. Photosynthesis of mutants was impaired and leaves accumulated high levels of soluble sugars and starch. RNA-seq revealed profound transcriptional deregulation of genes associated with photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses may indicate that variability in ZmSWEET13s correlates with agronomical traits, especifically flowering time and leaf angle. This work provides support for cooperation of three ZmSWEET13s with ZmSUT1 in phloem loading in Z. mays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Bezrutczyk
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Hartwig
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Marc Horschman
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Si Nian Char
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Davide Sosso
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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124
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Zhou A, Ma H, Feng S, Gong S, Wang J. A Novel Sugar Transporter from Dianthus spiculifolius, DsSWEET12, Affects Sugar Metabolism and Confers Osmotic and Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020497. [PMID: 29414886 PMCID: PMC5855719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant SWEETs (sugars will eventually be exported transporters) play a role in plant growth and plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, DsSWEET12 from Dianthus spiculifolius was identified and characterized. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that DsSWEET12 expression was induced by sucrose starvation, mannitol, and hydrogen peroxide. Colocalization experiment showed that the DsSWEET12-GFP fusion protein was localized to the plasma membrane, which was labeled with FM4-64 dye, in Arabidopsis and suspension cells of D. spiculifolius. Compared to wild type plants, transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing DsSWEET12 have longer roots and have a greater fresh weight, which depends on sucrose content. Furthermore, a relative root length analysis showed that transgenic Arabidopsis showed higher tolerance to osmotic and oxidative stresses. Finally, a sugar content analysis showed that the sucrose content in transgenic Arabidopsis was less than that in the wild type, while fructose and glucose contents were higher than those in the wild type. Taken together, our results suggest that DsSWEET12 plays an important role in seedling growth and plant response to osmotic and oxidative stress in Arabidopsis by influencing sugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Hongping Ma
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Shuang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Shufang Gong
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Jingang Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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125
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Plett JM, Martin FM. Know your enemy, embrace your friend: using omics to understand how plants respond differently to pathogenic and mutualistic microorganisms. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:729-746. [PMID: 29265527 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms, or 'microbes', have formed intimate associations with plants throughout the length of their evolutionary history. In extant plant systems microbes still remain an integral part of the ecological landscape, impacting plant health, productivity and long-term fitness. Therefore, to properly understand the genetic wiring of plants, we must first determine what perception systems plants have evolved to parse beneficial from commensal from pathogenic microbes. In this review, we consider some of the most recent advances in how plants respond at the molecular level to different microbial lifestyles. Further, we cover some of the means by which microbes are able to manipulate plant signaling pathways through altered destructiveness and nutrient sinks, as well as the use of effector proteins and micro-RNAs (miRNAs). We conclude by highlighting some of the major questions still to be answered in the field of plant-microbe research, and suggest some of the key areas that are in greatest need of further research investment. The results of these proposed studies will have impacts in a wide range of plant research disciplines and will, ultimately, translate into stronger agronomic crops and forestry stock, with immune perception and response systems bred to foster beneficial microbial symbioses while repudiating pathogenic symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Francis M Martin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche, 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'excellence ARBRE, Centre INRA-Grand Est-Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France
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126
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Martinoia E. Vacuolar Transporters - Companions on a Longtime Journey. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1384-1407. [PMID: 29295940 PMCID: PMC5813537 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical and electrophysiological studies on plant vacuolar transporters became feasible in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when methods to isolate large quantities of intact vacuoles and purified vacuolar membrane vesicles were established. However, with the exception of the H+-ATPase and H+-PPase, which could be followed due to their hydrolytic activities, attempts to purify tonoplast transporters were for a long time not successful. Heterologous complementation, T-DNA insertion mutants, and later proteomic studies allowed the next steps, starting from the 1990s. Nowadays, our knowledge about vacuolar transporters has increased greatly. Nevertheless, there are several transporters of central importance that have still to be identified at the molecular level or have even not been characterized biochemically. Furthermore, our knowledge about regulation of the vacuolar transporters is very limited, and much work is needed to get a holistic view about the interplay of the vacuolar transportome. The huge amount of information generated during the last 35 years cannot be summarized in such a review. Therefore, I decided to concentrate on some aspects where we were involved during my research on vacuolar transporters, for some our laboratories contributed more, while others contributed less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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127
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Bezrutczyk M, Yang J, Eom JS, Prior M, Sosso D, Hartwig T, Szurek B, Oliva R, Vera-Cruz C, White FF, Yang B, Frommer WB. Sugar flux and signaling in plant-microbe interactions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:675-685. [PMID: 29160592 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant breeders have developed crop plants that are resistant to pests, but the continual evolution of pathogens creates the need to iteratively develop new control strategies. Molecular tools have allowed us to gain deep insights into disease responses, allowing for more efficient, rational engineering of crops that are more robust or resistant to a greater number of pathogen variants. Here we describe the roles of SWEET and STP transporters, membrane proteins that mediate transport of sugars across the plasma membrane. We discuss how these transporters may enhance or restrict disease through controlling the level of nutrients provided to pathogens and whether the transporters play a role in sugar signaling for disease resistance. This review indicates open questions that require further research and proposes the use of genome editing technologies for engineering disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Bezrutczyk
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universiätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany
| | - Jungil Yang
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universiätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany
| | - Joon-Seob Eom
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universiätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany
| | - Matthew Prior
- Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Davide Sosso
- Inari Agriculture Inc., 200 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Hartwig
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universiätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany
| | - Boris Szurek
- IRD, Cirad, University of Montpellier, BP 64501, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Ricardo Oliva
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Casiana Vera-Cruz
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Frank F White
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, 1449 Fifield Hall, 2550 Hull Road, PO Box 110680, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universiätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany
- Institute for Transformative Biomolecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, JapanITbM Building 6F, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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128
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Cheng J, Wen S, Xiao S, Lu B, Ma M, Bie Z. Overexpression of the tonoplast sugar transporter CmTST2 in melon fruit increases sugar accumulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:511-523. [PMID: 29309616 PMCID: PMC5853577 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fruits are an important part of the human diet and sugar content is a major criterion used to evaluate fruit quality. Melon fruit accumulate high sugar concentrations during their development; however, the mechanism through which these sugars are transported into the vacuoles of fruit cells for storage remains unclear. In this study, three tonoplast sugar transporters (TSTs), CmTST1, CmTST2, and CmTST3, were isolated from melon plants. Analysis of subcellular localization revealed that all these proteins were targeted to the tonoplast, and evaluation of spatial expression and promoter-GUS activity indicated that they had different expression patterns in the plant. RT-PCR and qRT-PCR results indicated that CmTST2 exhibited the highest expression level among the TST isoforms during melon fruit development. Histochemical and immunohistochemistry localization experiments were performed to identify the tissue- and cell-type localization of CmTST2 in the fruit, and the results indicated that both its transcription and translation were in the mesocarp and vascular cells. Overexpressing the CmTST2 gene in strawberry fruit and cucumber plants by transient expression and stable transformation, respectively, both increased sucrose, fructose, and glucose accumulation in the fruit. The results indicate that CmTST2 plays an important role in sugar accumulation in melon fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Suying Wen
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Xiao
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Mingru Ma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhilong Bie
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Correspondence:
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129
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The Role of Sugar Transporter Genes during Early Infection by Root-Knot Nematodes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010302. [PMID: 29351253 PMCID: PMC5796247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pathogens such as nematodes are known to hijack nutrients from host plants, the mechanisms whereby nematodes obtain sugars from plants remain largely unknown. To determine the effects of nematode infection on host plant sugar allocation, soluble sugar (fructose, glucose, sucrose) content was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection and was found to increase significantly in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, Sl) leaves and roots during early infection by root-knot nematodes (RKNs). To further analyze whether sugar transporters played a role in this process, the expression levels of sucrose transporter (SUT/SUC), Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET), tonoplast monosaccharide transporter (TMT), and vacuolar glucose transporter (VGT) gene family members were examined by qRT-PCR analysis after RKN infection. The results showed that three SlSUTs, 17 SlSWEETs, three SlTMTs, and SlVGT1 were upregulated in the leaves, whereas three SlSUTs, 17 SlSWEETs, two SlTMTs, and SlVGT1 were induced in the roots. To determine the function of the sugar transporters in the RKN infection process, we examined post-infection responses in the Atsuc2 mutant and pAtSUC2-GUS lines. β-glucuronidase expression was strongly induced at the infection sites, and RKN development was significantly arrested in the Atsuc2 mutant. Taken together, our analyses provide useful information for understanding the sugar transporter responses during early infection by RKNs in tomato.
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130
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Functional and evolution characterization of SWEET sugar transporters in Ananas comosus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:407-414. [PMID: 29307830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) are a group of recently identified sugar transporters in plants that play important roles in diverse physiological processes. However, currently, limited information about this gene family is available in pineapple (Ananas comosus). The availability of the recently released pineapple genome sequence provides the opportunity to identify SWEET genes in a Bromeliaceae family member at the genome level. In this study, 39 pineapple SWEET genes were identified in two pineapple cultivars (18 AnfSWEET and 21 AnmSWEET) and further phylogenetically classified into five clades. A phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct evolutionary paths for the SWEET genes of the two pineapple cultivars. The MD2 cultivar might have experienced a different expansion than the F153 cultivar because two additional duplications exist, which separately gave rise to clades III and IV. A gene exon/intron structure analysis showed that the pineapple SWEET genes contained highly conserved exon/intron numbers. An analysis of public RNA-seq data and expression profiling showed that SWEET genes may be involved in fruit development and ripening processes. AnmSWEET5 and AnmSWEET11 were highly expressed in the early stages of pineapple fruit development and then decreased. The study increases the understanding of the roles of SWEET genes in pineapple.
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131
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Sasse J, Martinoia E, Northen T. Feed Your Friends: Do Plant Exudates Shape the Root Microbiome? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:25-41. [PMID: 29050989 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 751] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant health in natural environments depends on interactions with complex and dynamic communities comprising macro- and microorganisms. While many studies have provided insights into the composition of rhizosphere microbiomes (rhizobiomes), little is known about whether plants shape their rhizobiomes. Here, we discuss physiological factors of plants that may govern plant-microbe interactions, focusing on root physiology and the role of root exudates. Given that only a few plant transport proteins are known to be involved in root metabolite export, we suggest novel families putatively involved in this process. Finally, building off of the features discussed in this review, and in analogy to well-known symbioses, we elaborate on a possible sequence of events governing rhizobiome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Sasse
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Trent Northen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94958, USA.
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132
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Zhen Q, Fang T, Peng Q, Liao L, Zhao L, Owiti A, Han Y. Developing gene-tagged molecular markers for evaluation of genetic association of apple SWEET genes with fruit sugar accumulation. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:14. [PMID: 29581882 PMCID: PMC5859117 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sugar content is an important component of fruit quality. Although sugar transporters are known to be crucial for sugar accumulation, the role of genes encoding SWEET sugar transporters in fruit sugar accumulation remains elusive. Here we report the effect of the SWEET genes on fruit sugar accumulation in apple. A total of 25 MdSWEET genes were identified in the apple genome, and 9 were highly expressed throughout fruit development. Molecular markers of these 9 MdSWEET genes were developed and used for genotyping of 188 apple cultivars. The association of polymorphic MdSWEET genes with soluble sugar content in mature fruit was analyzed. Three genes, MdSWEET2e, MdSWEET9b, and MdSWEET15a, were significantly associated with fruit sugar content, with MdSWEET15a and MdSWEET9b accounting for a relatively large proportion of phenotypic variation in sugar content. Moreover, both MdSWEET9b and MdSWEET15a are located on chromosomal regions harboring QTLs for sugar content. Hence, MdSWEET9b and MdSWEET15a are likely candidates regulating fruit sugar accumulation in apple. Our study not only presents an efficient way of implementing gene functional study but also provides molecular tools for genetic improvement of fruit quality in apple-breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Qian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Liao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Albert Owiti
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
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133
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Sui JL, Xiao XH, Qi JY, Fang YJ, Tang CR. The SWEET gene family in Hevea brasiliensis - its evolution and expression compared with four other plant species. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1943-1959. [PMID: 29226081 PMCID: PMC5715295 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SWEET proteins play an indispensable role as a sugar efflux transporter in plant development and stress responses. The SWEET genes have previously been characterized in several plants. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of this gene family in the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. There are 36 members of the SWEET gene family in this species, making it one of the largest families in plant genomes sequenced so far. Structure and phylogeny analyses of these genes in Hevea and in other species demonstrated broad evolutionary conservation. RNA‐seq analyses revealed that SWEET2, 16, and 17 might represent the main evolutionary direction of SWEET genes in plants. Our results in Hevea suggested the involvement of HbSWEET1a, 2e, 2f, and 3b in phloem loading, HbSWEET10a and 16b in laticifer sugar transport, and HbSWEET9a in nectary‐specific sugar transport. Parallel studies of RNA‐seq analyses extended to three other plant species (Manihot esculenta, Populus trichocarpa, and Arabidopsis thaliana) produced findings which implicated MeSWEET10a, 3a, and 15b in M. esculenta storage root development, and the involvement of PtSWEET16b and PtSWEET16d in P. trichocarpa xylem development. RT‐qPCR results further revealed that HbSWEET10a, 16b, and 1a play important roles in phloem sugar transport. The results from this study provide a foundation not only for further investigation into the functionality of the SWEET gene family in Hevea, especially in its sugar transport for latex production, but also for related studies of this gene family in the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lei Sui
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry Hainan University Haikou Hainan China.,Key Lab of Rubber Biology Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Danzhou Hainan China
| | - Xiao-Hu Xiao
- Key Lab of Rubber Biology Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Danzhou Hainan China
| | - Ji-Yan Qi
- Key Lab of Rubber Biology Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Danzhou Hainan China
| | - Yong-Jun Fang
- Key Lab of Rubber Biology Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Danzhou Hainan China
| | - Chao-Rong Tang
- Key Lab of Rubber Biology Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Danzhou Hainan China
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134
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Molecular mechanism of substrate recognition and transport by the AtSWEET13 sugar transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10089-10094. [PMID: 28878024 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1709241114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are recently identified sugar transporters that can discriminate and transport di- or monosaccharides across a membrane following the concentration gradient. SWEETs play key roles in plant biological processes, such as pollen nutrition, nectar secretion, seed filling, and phloem loading. SWEET13 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSWEET13) is an important sucrose transporter in pollen development. Here, we report the 2.8-Å resolution crystal structure of AtSWEET13 in the inward-facing conformation with a substrate analog, 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate, bound in the central cavity. In addition, based on the results of an in-cell transport activity assay and single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer analysis, we suggest a mechanism for substrate selectivity based on the size of the substrate-binding pocket. Furthermore, AtSWEET13 appears to form a higher order structure presumably related to its function.
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135
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Genome-wide analyses of SWEET family proteins reveal involvement in fruit development and abiotic/biotic stress responses in banana. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3536. [PMID: 28615718 PMCID: PMC5471243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03872-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET) are a novel type of sugar transporter that plays crucial roles in multiple biological processes. From banana, for the first time, 25 SWEET genes which could be classified into four subfamilies were identified. Majority of MaSWEETs in each subfamily shared similar gene structures and conserved motifs. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of two banana genotypes revealed differential expression patterns of MaSWEETs in different tissues, at various stages of fruit development and ripening, and in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. More than 80% MaSWEETs were highly expressed in BaXi Jiao (BX, Musa acuminata AAA group, cv. Cavendish), in sharp contrast to Fen Jiao (FJ, M. acuminata AAB group) when pseudostem was first emerged. However, MaSWEETs in FJ showed elevated expression under cold, drought, salt, and fungal disease stresses, but not in BX. Interaction networks and co-expression assays further revealed that MaSWEET-mediated networks participate in fruit development signaling and abiotic/biotic stresses, which was strongly activated during early stage of fruit development in BX. This study provides new insights into the complex transcriptional regulation of SWEETs, as well as numerous candidate genes that promote early sugar transport to improve fruit quality and enhance stress resistance in banana.
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136
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Stolze A, Wanke A, van Deenen N, Geyer R, Prüfer D, Schulze Gronover C. Development of rubber-enriched dandelion varieties by metabolic engineering of the inulin pathway. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:740-753. [PMID: 27885764 PMCID: PMC5425391 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) is an important raw material for a large number of industrial products. The primary source of NR is the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis, but increased worldwide demand means that alternative sustainable sources are urgently required. The Russian dandelion (Taraxacum koksaghyz Rodin) is such an alternative because large amounts of NR are produced in its root system. However, rubber biosynthesis must be improved to develop T. koksaghyz into a commercially feasible crop. In addition to NR, T. koksaghyz also produces large amounts of the reserve carbohydrate inulin, which is stored in parenchymal root cell vacuoles near the phloem, adjacent to apoplastically separated laticifers. In contrast to NR, which accumulates throughout the year even during dormancy, inulin is synthesized during the summer and is degraded from the autumn onwards when root tissues undergo a sink-to-source transition. We carried out a comprehensive analysis of inulin and NR metabolism in T. koksaghyz and its close relative T. brevicorniculatum and functionally characterized the key enzyme fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH), which catalyses the degradation of inulin to fructose and sucrose. The constitutive overexpression of Tk1-FEH almost doubled the rubber content in the roots of two dandelion species without any trade-offs in terms of plant fitness. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that energy supplied by the reserve carbohydrate inulin can be used to promote the synthesis of NR in dandelions, providing a basis for the breeding of rubber-enriched varieties for industrial rubber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stolze
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Alan Wanke
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Nicole van Deenen
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | | | - Dirk Prüfer
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME)MuensterGermany
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137
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Li J, Qin M, Qiao X, Cheng Y, Li X, Zhang H, Wu J. A New Insight into the Evolution and Functional Divergence of SWEET Transporters in Chinese White Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:839-850. [PMID: 28339862 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
SWEET genes are a recently identified plant gene family that play an indispensable role in sugar efflux. However, no systematic study has been performed in pear. In this research, 18 SWEET transporters identified in pear, almost twice the number found in woodland strawberry and Japanese apricot, were divided into four clades. Conserved motifs and six exons of the SWEET transporters were found in six species. SWEET transporters contained seven transmembrane segments (TMSs) that evolved from an internal duplication of an ancestral three-TMSs unit, connected by TMS4. This is the first direct evidence identifying internal repeats through bioinformatics analysis. Whole-genome duplication (WGD) or segmental duplication and dispersed duplication represent the main driving forces for SWEET family evolution in six species, with former duplications more important in pear. Gene expression results suggested that PbSWEET15 and PbSWEET17 have no expression in any tissues because of critical lost residues and that 62.5% of PbSWEET duplicate gene pairs have functional divergence. Additionally, PbSWEET6, PbSWEET7 and PbSWEET14 were found to play important roles in sucrose efflux from leaves, and the high expression of PbSWEET1 and PbSWEET2 might contribute to unloading sucrose from the phloem in the stem. Finally, PbSWEET5, PbSWEET9 and PbSWEET10 might contribute to pollen development. Overall, our study provides important insights into the evolution of the SWEET gene family in pear and four other Rosaceae, and the important candidate PbSWEET genes involved in the development of different tissues were identified in pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengfan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinsheng Cheng
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huping Zhang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops ImprovementZhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture China, Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin, China
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138
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Dhandapani P, Song J, Novak O, Jameson PE. Infection by Rhodococcus fascians maintains cotyledons as a sink tissue for the pathogen. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:841-852. [PMID: 27864224 PMCID: PMC5378184 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Pisum sativum L. (pea) seed is a source of carbohydrate and protein for the developing plant. By studying pea seeds inoculated by the cytokinin-producing bacterium, Rhodococcus fascians , we sought to determine the impact of both an epiphytic (avirulent) strain and a pathogenic strain on source-sink activity within the cotyledons during and following germination. Methods Bacterial spread was monitored microscopically, and real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to determine the expression of cytokinin biosynthesis, degradation and response regulator gene family members, along with expression of family members of SWEET , SUT , CWINV and AAP genes - gene families identified initially in pea by transcriptomic analysis. The endogenous cytokinin content was also determined. Key Results The cotyledons infected by the virulent strain remained intact and turned green, while multiple shoots were formed and root growth was reduced. The epiphytic strain had no such marked impact. Isopentenyl adenine was elevated in the cotyledons infected by the virulent strain. Strong expression of RfIPT , RfLOG and RfCKX was detected in the cotyledons infected by the virulent strain throughout the experiment, with elevated expression also observed for PsSWEET , PsSUT and PsINV gene family members. The epiphytic strain had some impact on the expression of these genes, especially at the later stages of reserve mobilization from the cotyledons. Conclusions The pathogenic strain retained the cotyledons as a sink tissue for the pathogen rather than the cotyledon converting completely to a source tissue for the germinating plant. We suggest that the interaction of cytokinins, CWINVs and SWEETs may lead to the loss of apical dominance and the appearance of multiple shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragatheswari Dhandapani
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Jiancheng Song
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Ondrej Novak
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Paula E. Jameson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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139
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Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Zhai H, Liu Q, He S. The Plasma Membrane-Localized Sucrose Transporter IbSWEET10 Contributes to the Resistance of Sweet Potato to Fusarium oxysporum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:197. [PMID: 28261250 PMCID: PMC5306249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) proteins, a novel family of sugar transporters, mediate the diffusion of sugars across cell membranes and acts as key players in sucrose phloem loading. Manipulation of SWEET genes in plants leads to various effects on resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses due to disruption of sugar efflux and changes in sugar distribution. In this study, a member of the SWEET gene family, IbSWEET10, was cloned from the sweet potato line ND98. mRNA expression analysis in sweet potato and promoter β-Glucuronidase analysis in Arabidopsis showed that IbSWEET10 is highly expressed in leaves, especially in vascular tissue. Transient expression in tobacco epidermal cells revealed plasma membrane localization of IbSWEET10, and heterologous expression assays in yeast indicated that IbSWEET10 encodes a sucrose transporter. The expression level of IbSWEET10 was significantly up-regulated in sweet potato infected with Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. batatas. Further characterization revealed IbSWEET10-overexpressing sweet potato lines to be more resistant to F. oxysporum, exhibiting better growth after infection compared with the control; conversely, RNA interference (RNAi) lines showed the opposite results. Additionally, the sugar content of IbSWEET10-overexpression sweet potato was significantly reduced, whereas that in RNAi plants was significantly increased compared with the control. Therefore, we suggest that the reduction in sugar content caused by IbSWEET10 overexpression is the major reason for the enhanced F. oxysporum resistance of the transgenic plants. This is the first report that the IbSWEET10 transporter contributes to the resistance of sweet potato to F. oxysporum. The IbSWEET10 gene has the great potential to be used for improving the resistance to F. oxysporum in sweet potato and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qingchang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Shaozhen He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
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140
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Li Y, Feng S, Ma S, Sui X, Zhang Z. Spatiotemporal Expression and Substrate Specificity Analysis of the Cucumber SWEET Gene Family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1855. [PMID: 29163584 PMCID: PMC5664084 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The functions of SWEET (Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) proteins have been studied in a number of crops, but little is known about their roles in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), a model plant for studying stachyose metabolism and phloem function. Here, we identified 17 cucumber SWEET genes (CsSWEETs), located on chromosomes 1-6, and classified them into four clades. Two genes from each clade were selected for spatiotemporal expression, subcellular localization, and substrate specificity analyses. Clade I and II proteins were all hexose transporters and targeted to the plasma membrane, while clade III proteins also localized to the plasma membrane, but used sucrose as a substrate. Clade IV SWEET proteins were localized to the tonoplast, and used hexose as a substrate. The eight tested CsSWEET genes were most highly expressed in flower, which represents a large sink in plants. However, each gene also showed specific expression patterns: three of the eight tested genes were highly expressed in mature leaves, two in roots, two in fruit, two in stems, and one was detected in all tested organs. The likely biological roles of each are discussed based on the above results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaolei Sui
- *Correspondence: Zhenxian Zhang, Xiaolei Sui,
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141
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Kanno Y, Oikawa T, Chiba Y, Ishimaru Y, Shimizu T, Sano N, Koshiba T, Kamiya Y, Ueda M, Seo M. AtSWEET13 and AtSWEET14 regulate gibberellin-mediated physiological processes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13245. [PMID: 27782132 PMCID: PMC5095183 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane transport of plant hormones is required for plant growth and development. Despite reports of a number of proteins that can transport the plant hormone gibberellin (GA), the mechanistic basis for GA transport and the identities of the transporters involved remain incomplete. Here, we provide evidence that Arabidopsis SWEET proteins, AtSWEET13 and AtSWEET14, which are members of a family that had previously been linked to sugar transport, are able to mediate cellular GA uptake when expressed in yeast and oocytes. A double sweet13 sweet14 mutant has a defect in anther dehiscence and this phenotype can be reversed by exogenous GA treatment. In addition, sweet13 sweet14 exhibits altered long distant transport of exogenously applied GA and altered responses to GA during germination and seedling stages. These results suggest that AtSWEET13 and AtSWEET14 may be involved in modulating GA response in Arabidopsis. SWEET proteins are known to function as sugar transporters. Here, Kanno et al. show that Arabidopsis SWEET13 and SWEET14 are also able to transport the plant hormone gibberellin (GA) in heterologous systems and that sweet mutants display phenotypes consistent with altered GA response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kanno
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takaya Oikawa
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Chiba
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimizu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naoto Sano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Koshiba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamiya
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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142
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Evans MJ, Choi WG, Gilroy S, Morris RJ. A ROS-Assisted Calcium Wave Dependent on the AtRBOHD NADPH Oxidase and TPC1 Cation Channel Propagates the Systemic Response to Salt Stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1771-84. [PMID: 27261066 PMCID: PMC4936552 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants exhibit rapid, systemic signaling systems that allow them to coordinate physiological and developmental responses throughout the plant body, even to highly localized and quickly changing environmental stresses. The propagation of these signals is thought to include processes ranging from electrical and hydraulic networks to waves of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytoplasmic Ca(2+) traveling throughout the plant. For the Ca(2+) wave system, the involvement of the vacuolar ion channel TWO PORE CHANNEL1 (TPC1) has been reported. However, the precise role of this channel and the mechanism of cell-to-cell propagation of the wave have remained largely undefined. Here, we use the fire-diffuse-fire model to analyze the behavior of a Ca(2+) wave originating from Ca(2+) release involving the TPC1 channel in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We conclude that a Ca(2+) diffusion-dominated calcium-induced calcium-release mechanism is insufficient to explain the observed wave transmission speeds. The addition of a ROS-triggered element, however, is able to quantitatively reproduce the observed transmission characteristics. The treatment of roots with the ROS scavenger ascorbate and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyliodonium and analysis of Ca(2+) wave propagation in the Arabidopsis respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (AtrbohD) knockout background all led to reductions in Ca(2+) wave transmission speeds consistent with this model. Furthermore, imaging of extracellular ROS production revealed a systemic spread of ROS release that is dependent on both AtRBOHD and TPC1 These results suggest that, in the root, plant systemic signaling is supported by a ROS-assisted calcium-induced calcium-release mechanism intimately involving ROS production by AtRBOHD and Ca(2+) release dependent on the vacuolar channel TPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Evans
- Computational and Systems Biology and Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (M.J.E., R.J.M.); andDepartment of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (W.-G.C., S.G.)
| | - Won-Gyu Choi
- Computational and Systems Biology and Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (M.J.E., R.J.M.); andDepartment of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (W.-G.C., S.G.)
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Computational and Systems Biology and Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (M.J.E., R.J.M.); andDepartment of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (W.-G.C., S.G.)
| | - Richard J Morris
- Computational and Systems Biology and Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (M.J.E., R.J.M.); andDepartment of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (W.-G.C., S.G.)
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143
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Prezelj N, Covington E, Roitsch T, Gruden K, Fragner L, Weckwerth W, Chersicola M, Vodopivec M, Dermastia M. Metabolic Consequences of Infection of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. "Modra frankinja" with Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:711. [PMID: 27242887 PMCID: PMC4876132 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavescence dorée, caused by the quarantine phytoplasma FDp, represents the most devastating of the grapevine yellows diseases in Europe. In an integrated study we have explored the FDp-grapevine interaction in infected grapevines of cv. "Modra frankinja" under natural conditions in the vineyard. In FDp-infected leaf vein-enriched tissues, the seasonal transcriptional profiles of 14 genes selected from various metabolic pathways showed an FDp-specific plant response compared to other grapevine yellows and uncovered a new association of the SWEET17a vacuolar transporter of fructose with pathogens. Non-targeted metabolome analysis from leaf vein-enriched tissues identified 22 significantly changed compounds with increased levels during infection. Several metabolites corroborated the gene expression study. Detailed investigation of the dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism revealed significant accumulation of sucrose and starch in the mesophyll of FDp-infected leaves, as well as significant up-regulation of genes involved in their biosynthesis. In addition, infected leaves had high activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and, more significantly, sucrose synthase. The data support the conclusion that FDp infection inhibits phloem transport, resulting in accumulation of carbohydrates and secondary metabolites that provoke a source-sink transition and defense response status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Prezelj
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of BiologyLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Elizabeth Covington
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of BiologyLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of CopenhagenTaastrup, Denmark
- Global Change Research Centre, Czech Globe AS CR, v.v.i.Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of BiologyLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lena Fragner
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Marko Chersicola
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of BiologyLjubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate SchoolLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Vodopivec
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of BiologyLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marina Dermastia
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of BiologyLjubljana, Slovenia
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144
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Yang C, Tian Z, Li J. AtSWEET4, a hexose facilitator, mediates sugar transport to axial sinks and affects plant development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24563. [PMID: 27102826 PMCID: PMC4840376 DOI: 10.1038/srep24563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants transport photoassimilates from source organs to sink tissues through the phloem translocation pathway. In the transport phloem, sugars that escape from the sieve tubes are released into the apoplasmic space between the sieve element/companion cell complex (SE/CC) and phloem parenchyma cells (PPCs) during the process of long-distance transport. The competition for sugar acquisition between SE/CC and adjoining PPCs is mediated by plasma membrane translocators. YFP-tagged AtSWEET4 protein is localized in the plasma membrane, and PromoterAtSWEET4-GUS analysis showed that AtSWEET4 is expressed in the stele of roots and veins of leaves and flowers. Overexpression of AtSWEET4 in Arabidopsis increases plant size and accumulates more glucose and fructose. By contrast, knock-down of AtSWEET4 by RNA-interference leads to small plant size, reduction in glucose and fructose contents, chlorosis in the leaf vein network, and reduction in chlorophyll content in leaves. Yeast assays demonstrated that AtSWEET4 is able to complement both fructose and glucose transport deficiency. Transgenic plants of AtSWEET4 overexpression exhibit higher freezing tolerance and support more growth of bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121. We conclude that AtSWEET4 plays an important role in mediating sugar transport in axial tissues during plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhihong Tian
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jianxiong Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.,College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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145
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Manck-Götzenberger J, Requena N. Arbuscular mycorrhiza Symbiosis Induces a Major Transcriptional Reprogramming of the Potato SWEET Sugar Transporter Family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:487. [PMID: 27148312 PMCID: PMC4830831 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biotrophic microbes feeding on plants must obtain carbon from their hosts without killing the cells. The symbiotic Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonizing plant roots do so by inducing major transcriptional changes in the host that ultimately also reprogram the whole carbon partitioning of the plant. AM fungi obtain carbohydrates from the root cortex apoplast, in particular from the periarbuscular space that surrounds arbuscules. However, the mechanisms by which cortical cells export sugars into the apoplast for fungal nutrition are unknown. Recently a novel type of sugar transporter, the SWEET, able to perform not only uptake but also efflux from cells was identified. Plant SWEETs have been shown to be involved in the feeding of pathogenic microbes and are, therefore, good candidates to play a similar role in symbiotic associations. Here we have carried out the first phylogenetic and expression analyses of the potato SWEET family and investigated its role during mycorrhiza symbiosis. The potato genome contains 35 SWEETs that cluster into the same four clades defined in Arabidopsis. Colonization of potato roots by the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis imposes major transcriptional rewiring of the SWEET family involving, only in roots, changes in 22 of the 35 members. None of the SWEETs showed mycorrhiza-exclusive induction and most of the 12 induced genes belong to the putative hexose transporters of clade I and II, while only two are putative sucrose transporters from clade III. In contrast, most of the repressed transcripts (10) corresponded to clade III SWEETs. Promoter-reporter assays for three of the induced genes, each from one cluster, showed re-localization of expression to arbuscule-containing cells, supporting a role for SWEETs in the supply of sugars at biotrophic interfaces. The complex transcriptional regulation of SWEETs in roots in response to AM fungal colonization supports a model in which symplastic sucrose in cortical cells could be cleaved in the cytoplasm by sucrose synthases or cytoplasmic invertases and effluxed as glucose, but also directly exported as sucrose and then converted into glucose and fructose by cell wall-bound invertases. Precise biochemical, physiological and molecular analyses are now required to profile the role of each potato SWEET in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Requena
- Molecular Phytopathology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe, Germany
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146
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Kebrom TH, Mullet JE. Transcriptome Profiling of Tiller Buds Provides New Insights into PhyB Regulation of Tillering and Indeterminate Growth in Sorghum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:2232-50. [PMID: 26893475 PMCID: PMC4824614 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytochrome B (phyB) enables plants to modify shoot branching or tillering in response to varying light intensities and ratios of red and far-red light caused by shading and neighbor proximity. Tillering is inhibited in sorghum genotypes that lack phytochrome B (58M, phyB-1) until after floral initiation. The growth of tiller buds in the first leaf axil of wild-type (100M, PHYB) and phyB-1 sorghum genotypes is similar until 6 d after planting when buds of phyB-1 arrest growth, while wild-type buds continue growing and develop into tillers. Transcriptome analysis at this early stage of bud development identified numerous genes that were up to 50-fold differentially expressed in wild-type/phyB-1 buds. Up-regulation of terminal flower1, GA2oxidase, and TPPI could protect axillary meristems in phyB-1 from precocious floral induction and decrease bud sensitivity to sugar signals. After bud growth arrest in phyB-1, expression of dormancy-associated genes such as DRM1, GT1, AF1, and CKX1 increased and ENOD93, ACCoxidase, ARR3/6/9, CGA1, and SHY2 decreased. Continued bud outgrowth in wild-type was correlated with increased expression of genes encoding a SWEET transporter and cell wall invertases. The SWEET transporter may facilitate Suc unloading from the phloem to the apoplast where cell wall invertases generate monosaccharides for uptake and utilization to sustain bud outgrowth. Elevated expression of these genes was correlated with higher levels of cytokinin/sugar signaling in growing buds of wild-type plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfamichael H Kebrom
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 (T.H.K., J.E.M.)
| | - John E Mullet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 (T.H.K., J.E.M.)
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147
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Feng CY, Han JX, Han XX, Jiang J. Genome-wide identification, phylogeny, and expression analysis of the SWEET gene family in tomato. Gene 2015; 573:261-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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148
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Seed filling in domesticated maize and rice depends on SWEET-mediated hexose transport. Nat Genet 2015; 47:1489-93. [PMID: 26523777 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate import into seeds directly determines seed size and must have been increased through domestication. However, evidence of the domestication of sugar translocation and the identities of seed-filling transporters have been elusive. Maize ZmSWEET4c, as opposed to its sucrose-transporting homologs, mediates transepithelial hexose transport across the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL), the entry point of nutrients into the seed, and shows signatures indicative of selection during domestication. Mutants of both maize ZmSWEET4c and its rice ortholog OsSWEET4 are defective in seed filling, indicating that a lack of hexose transport at the BETL impairs further transfer of sugars imported from the maternal phloem. In both maize and rice, SWEET4 was likely recruited during domestication to enhance sugar import into the endosperm.
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149
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Le Hir R, Spinner L, Klemens PAW, Chakraborti D, de Marco F, Vilaine F, Wolff N, Lemoine R, Porcheron B, Géry C, Téoulé E, Chabout S, Mouille G, Neuhaus HE, Dinant S, Bellini C. Disruption of the Sugar Transporters AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 Affects Vascular Development and Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1687-90. [PMID: 26358680 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rozenn Le Hir
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France.
| | - Lara Spinner
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France; Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrick A W Klemens
- Universität Kaiserslautern, Pflanzenphysiologie, Postfach 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dipankar Chakraborti
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, D-90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Federica de Marco
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Françoise Vilaine
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Nelly Wolff
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Rémi Lemoine
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Benoit Porcheron
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Carine Géry
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Evelyne Téoulé
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Salem Chabout
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Universität Kaiserslautern, Pflanzenphysiologie, Postfach 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France; Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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150
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Fatima U, Senthil-Kumar M. Plant and pathogen nutrient acquisition strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:750. [PMID: 26442063 PMCID: PMC4585253 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients are indispensable elements required for the growth of all living organisms including plants and pathogens. Phyllosphere, rhizosphere, apoplast, phloem, xylem, and cell organelles are the nutrient niches in plants that are the target of bacterial pathogens. Depending upon nutrients availability, the pathogen adapts various acquisition strategies and inhabits the specific niche. In this review, we discuss the nutrient composition of different niches in plants, the mechanisms involved in the recognition of nutrient niche and the sophisticated strategies used by the bacterial pathogens for acquiring nutrients. We provide insight into various nutrient acquisition strategies used by necrotrophic, biotrophic, and hemibiotrophic bacteria. Specifically we discuss both modulation of bacterial machinery and manipulation of host machinery. In addition, we highlight the current status of our understanding about the nutrient acquisition strategies used by bacterial pathogens, namely targeting the sugar transporters that are dedicated for the plant's growth and development. Bacterial strategies for altering the plant cell membrane permeability to enhance the release of nutrients are also enumerated along with in-depth analysis of molecular mechanisms behind these strategies. The information presented in this review will be useful to understand the plant-pathogen interaction in nutrient perspective.
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