101
|
Song L, Wang X, Zou L, Prodhan Z, Yang J, Yang J, Ji L, Li G, Zhang R, Wang C, Li S, Zhang Y, Ji X, Zheng X, Li W, Zhang Z. Cassava ( Manihot esculenta) Slow Anion Channel ( MeSLAH4) Gene Overexpression Enhances Nitrogen Assimilation, Growth, and Yield in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:932947. [PMID: 35832225 PMCID: PMC9271942 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.932947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrient elements required for plant growth and development, which is also immensely related to the efficient use of nitrogen by crop plants. Therefore, plants evolved sophisticated mechanisms and anion channels to extract inorganic nitrogen (nitrate) from the soil or nutrient solutions, assimilate, and recycle the organic nitrogen. Hence, developing crop plants with a greater capability of using nitrogen efficiently is the fundamental research objective for attaining better agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. In this context, an in-depth investigation has been conducted into the cassava slow type anion channels (SLAHs) gene family, including genome-wide expression analysis, phylogenetic relationships with other related organisms, chromosome localization, and functional analysis. A potential and nitrogen-responsive gene of cassava (MeSLAH4) was identified and selected for overexpression (OE) analysis in rice, which increased the grain yield and root growth related performance. The morpho-physiological response of OE lines was better under low nitrogen (0.01 mm NH4NO3) conditions compared to the wild type (WT) and OE lines under normal nitrogen (0.5 mm NH4NO3) conditions. The relative expression of the MeSLAH4 gene was higher (about 80-fold) in the OE line than in the wild type. The accumulation and flux assay showed higher accumulation of NO 3 - and more expansion of root cells and grain dimension of OE lines compared to the wild type plants. The results of this experiment demonstrated that the MeSLAH4 gene may play a vital role in enhancing the efficient use of nitrogen in rice, which could be utilized for high-yielding crop production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linhu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Xingmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangping Zou
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Zakaria Prodhan
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Jiaheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Runcong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanchen Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Yuan T, Zhu C, Li G, Liu Y, Yang K, Li Z, Song X, Gao Z. An Integrated Regulatory Network of mRNAs, microRNAs, and lncRNAs Involved in Nitrogen Metabolism of Moso Bamboo. Front Genet 2022; 13:854346. [PMID: 35651936 PMCID: PMC9149284 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.854346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is a key macronutrient essential for plant growth and development, and its availability has a strong influence on biological processes. Nitrogen fertilizer has been widely applied in bamboo forests in recent decades; however, the mechanism of nitrogen metabolism in bamboo is not fully elucidated. Here, we characterized the morphological, physiological, and transcriptome changes of moso bamboo in response to different schemes for nitrogen addition to illuminate the regulation mechanism of nitrogen metabolism. The appropriate addition of nitrogen improved the chlorophyll content and Pn (net photosynthetic rate) of leaves, the nitrogen and ammonium contents of the seedling roots, the biomass of the whole seedling, the number of lateral roots, and the activity of enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism in the roots. Based on the whole transcriptome data of the roots, a total of 8,632 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) were identified under different nitrogen additions, such as 52 nitrate transporter genes, 6 nitrate reductase genes, 2 nitrite reductase genes, 2 glutamine synthase genes, 2 glutamate synthase genes (GOGAT), 3 glutamate dehydrogenase genes, and 431 TFs belonging to 23 families. Meanwhile, 123 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and 396 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were characterized as nitrogen responsive, respectively. Furthermore, 94 DEM-DEG pairs and 23 DEL-DEG pairs involved in nitrogen metabolism were identified. Finally, a predicted regulatory network of nitrogen metabolism was initially constructed, which included 17 nitrogen metabolic pathway genes, 15 TFs, 4 miRNAs, and 10 lncRNAs by conjoint analysis of DEGs, DEMs, and DELs and their regulatory relationships, which was supported by RNA-seq data and qPCR results. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network provides new insights into the regulation mechanism of nitrogen metabolism in bamboo, which facilitates further genetic improvement for bamboo to adapt to the fluctuating nitrogen environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China.,International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China.,International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhu Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China.,International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China.,International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Kebin Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China.,International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China.,International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A and F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China.,International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Pachamuthu K, Hari Sundar V, Narjala A, Singh RR, Das S, Avik Pal HCY, Shivaprasad PV. Nitrate-dependent regulation of miR444-OsMADS27 signalling cascade controls root development in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3511-3530. [PMID: 35243491 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is an important nutrient and a key signalling molecule for plant development. A number of transcription factors involved in the response to nitrate and their regulatory mechanisms have been identified. However, little is known about the transcription factors involved in nitrate sensing and their regulatory mechanisms among crop plants. In this study, we identified functions of a nitrate-responsive miR444:MADS-box transcription factor OsMADS27 module and its downstream targets mediating rice root growth and stress responses. Transgenic rice plants expressing miR444 target mimic improved rice root growth. Although miR444 has the potential to target multiple genes, we identified OsMADS27 as the major miR444 target that regulates the expression of nitrate transporters, as well as several key genes including expansins, and those associated with auxin signalling, to promote root growth. In agreement with this, overexpression of miRNA-resistant OsMADS27 improved root development and tolerance to abiotic stresses, while its silencing suppressed root growth. OsMADS27 mediated robust stress tolerance in plants through its ability to bind to the promoters of specific stress regulators, as observed in ChIP-seq analysis. Our results provide evidence of a nitrate-dependent miR444-OsMADS27 signalling cascade involved in the regulation of rice root growth, as well as its surprising role in stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Pachamuthu
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris- Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Vivek Hari Sundar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
| | - Anushree Narjala
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
- SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India
| | - Rahul R Singh
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Soumita Das
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
| | - Harshith C Y Avik Pal
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
| | - Padubidri V Shivaprasad
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
De Pessemier J, Moturu TR, Nacry P, Ebert R, De Gernier H, Tillard P, Swarup K, Wells DM, Haseloff J, Murray SC, Bennett MJ, Inzé D, Vincent CI, Hermans C. Root system size and root hair length are key phenes for nitrate acquisition and biomass production across natural variation in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3569-3583. [PMID: 35304891 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of root phenes in nitrogen (N) acquisition and biomass production was evaluated in 10 contrasting natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana L. Seedlings were grown on vertical agar plates with two different nitrate supplies. The low N treatment increased the root to shoot biomass ratio and promoted the proliferation of lateral roots and root hairs. The cost of a larger root system did not impact shoot biomass. Greater biomass production could be achieved through increased root length or through specific root hair characteristics. A greater number of root hairs may provide a low-resistance pathway under elevated N conditions, while root hair length may enhance root zone exploration under low N conditions. The variability of N uptake and the expression levels of genes encoding nitrate transporters were measured. A positive correlation was found between root system size and high-affinity nitrate uptake, emphasizing the benefits of an exploratory root organ in N acquisition. The expression levels of NRT1.2/NPF4.6, NRT2.2, and NRT1.5/NPF7.3 negatively correlated with some root morphological traits. Such basic knowledge in Arabidopsis demonstrates the importance of root phenes to improve N acquisition and paves the way to design eudicot ideotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme De Pessemier
- Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Interfacultary School of Bioengineers, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Taraka Ramji Moturu
- Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Interfacultary School of Bioengineers, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Nacry
- Institute of Plant Science Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Rebecca Ebert
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Hugues De Gernier
- Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Interfacultary School of Bioengineers, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Tillard
- Institute of Plant Science Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Kamal Swarup
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Darren M Wells
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jim Haseloff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Seth C Murray
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christopher I Vincent
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Christian Hermans
- Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Interfacultary School of Bioengineers, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants have developed sophisticated mechanism to sense and utilize nutrients from the environment, and modulate their growth and development according to the nutrient availability. Research in the past two decades revealed that nutrient assimilation is not occurring spontaneously, but nutrient signaling networks are complexly regulated and integrate sensing and signaling, gene expression, and metabolism to ensure homeostasis and coordination with plant energy conversion and other processes. Here, we review the importance of the macronutrient sulfur (S) and compare the knowledge of S signaling with other important macronutrients, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). We focus on key advances in understanding sulfur sensing and signaling, uptake and assimilation, and we provide new analysis of published literature, to identify core genes regulated by the key transcriptional factor in S starvation response, SLIM1/EIL3, and compare the impact on other nutrient deficiency and stresses on S-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ristova
- University of Cologne, Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- University of Cologne, Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Liu Q, Wu K, Song W, Zhong N, Wu Y, Fu X. Improving Crop Nitrogen Use Efficiency Toward Sustainable Green Revolution. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:523-551. [PMID: 35595292 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070121-015752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Green Revolution of the 1960s improved crop yields in part through the widespread cultivation of semidwarf plant varieties, which resist lodging but require a high-nitrogen (N) fertilizer input. Because environmentally degrading synthetic fertilizer use underlies current worldwide cereal yields, future agricultural sustainability demands enhanced N use efficiency (NUE). Here, we summarize the current understanding of how plants sense, uptake, and respond to N availability in the model plants that can be used to improve sustainable productivity in agriculture. Recent progress in unlocking the genetic basis of NUE within the broader context of plant systems biology has provided insights into the coordination of plant growth and nutrient assimilation and inspired the implementation of a new breeding strategy to cut fertilizer use in high-yield cereal crops. We conclude that identifying fresh targets for N sensing and response in crops would simultaneously enable improved grain productivity and NUE to launch a new Green Revolution and promote future food security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Kun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Wenzhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Nan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Yunzhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Łangowski Ł, Goñi O, Ikuyinminu E, Feeney E, O'Connell S. Investigation of the direct effect of a precision Ascophyllum nodosum biostimulant on nitrogen use efficiency in wheat seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 179:44-57. [PMID: 35306329 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nitrogen (N) pollution of ground water by improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops has become an intensively investigated research topic in pursuit of a more sustainable future. Although, distinct solutions have been proposed there are only a few reports documenting the detailed interplay between observed plant growth dynamics and changes in plant N related transcriptional and biochemical changes. It was previously demonstrated that the application of a formulated biostimulant (PSI-362) derived from Ascophyllum nodosum (ANE) improves N uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana and in barley. In this study, the effect of PSI-362 on the growth dynamics of wheat seedlings was evaluated at different biostimulant and N supplementation rates. Wheat grown on N deficient MS medium was also analysed from the first hour of the treatment until the depletion of the nutrients in the medium 9 days later. During this time the biomass increase measured for PSI-362 treated plants versus untreated controls was associated with increased nitrate uptake, with surplus N assimilated by the biomass in the form of glutamate, glutamine, free amino acids, soluble proteins, and chlorophyll. Phenotypical and biochemical analysis were supported by evaluation of differential expression of genetic markers involved in nitrate perception and transport (TaNRT1.1/NPF6.3), nitrate and nitrite reduction (TaNR1 and TaNiR1) and assimilation (TaGDH2, TaGoGAT, TaGS1). Finally, a comparative analysis of the precision biostimulant PSI-362 and two generic ANEs demonstrated that the NUE effect greatly differs depending on the ANE formulation used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Goñi
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Kerry (South Campus), Clash, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland; Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Elomofe Ikuyinminu
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Kerry (South Campus), Clash, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland; Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Ewan Feeney
- Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Shane O'Connell
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Kerry (South Campus), Clash, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland; Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Huang W, Ma D, Hao X, Li J, Xia L, Zhang E, Wang P, Wang M, Guo F, Wang Y, Ni D, Zhao H. CsATG101 Delays Growth and Accelerates Senescence Response to Low Nitrogen Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:880095. [PMID: 35620698 PMCID: PMC9127664 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.880095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For tea plants, nitrogen (N) is a foundational element and large quantities of N are required during periods of roundly vigorous growth. However, the fluctuation of N in the tea garden could not always meet the dynamic demand of the tea plants. Autophagy, an intracellular degradation process for materials recycling in eukaryotes, plays an important role in nutrient remobilization upon stressful conditions and leaf senescence. Studies have proven that numerous autophagy-related genes (ATGs) are involved in N utilization efficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana and other species. Here, we identified an ATG gene, CsATG101, and characterized the potential functions in response to N in A. thaliana. The expression patterns of CsATG101 in four categories of aging gradient leaves among 24 tea cultivars indicated that autophagy mainly occurred in mature leaves at a relatively high level. Further, the in planta heterologous expression of CsATG101 in A. thaliana was employed to investigate the response of CsATG101 to low N stress. The results illustrated a delayed transition from vegetative to reproductive growth under normal N conditions, while premature senescence under N deficient conditions in transgenic plants vs. the wild type. The expression profiles of 12 AtATGs confirmed the autophagy process, especially in mature leaves of transgenic plants. Also, the relatively high expression levels for AtAAP1, AtLHT1, AtGLN1;1, and AtNIA1 in mature leaves illustrated that the mature leaves act as the source leaves in transgenic plants. Altogether, the findings demonstrated that CsATG101 is a candidate gene for improving annual fresh tea leaves yield under both deficient and sufficient N conditions via the autophagy process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danni Ma
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xulei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Xia
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - E. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingle Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Molecular mechanisms underlying nitrate responses in plants. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R433-R439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
110
|
Liao HS, Chung YH, Hsieh MH. Glutamate: A multifunctional amino acid in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 318:111238. [PMID: 35351313 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) is a versatile metabolite and a signaling molecule in plants. Glu biosynthesis is associated with the primary nitrogen assimilation pathway. The conversion between Glu and 2-oxoglutarate connects Glu metabolism to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, carbon metabolism, and energy production. Glu is the predominant amino donor for transamination reactions in the cell. In addition to protein synthesis, Glu is a building block for tetrapyrroles, glutathione, and folate. Glu is the precursor of γ-aminobutyric acid that plays an important role in balancing carbon/nitrogen metabolism and various cellular processes. Glu can conjugate to the major auxin indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), and IAA-Glu is destined for oxidative degradation. Glu also conjugates with isochorismate for the production of salicylic acid. Accumulating evidence indicates that Glu functions as a signaling molecule to regulate plant growth, development, and defense responses. The ligand-gated Glu receptor-like proteins (GLRs) mediate some of these responses. However, many of the Glu signaling events are GLR-independent. The receptor perceiving extracellular Glu as a danger signal is still unknown. In addition to GLRs, Glu may act on receptor-like kinases or receptor-like proteins to trigger immune responses. Glu metabolism and Glu signaling may entwine to regulate growth, development, and defense responses in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Chung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiun Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Frungillo L. Getting to the root of nodulation: how legumes and rhizobia use nitrate uptake to control symbiosis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1443-1444. [PMID: 35226102 PMCID: PMC9048875 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
|
112
|
Kumar A, Kumar S, Venkatesh K, Singh NK, Mandal PK, Sinha SK. Physio-molecular traits of contrasting bread wheat genotypes associated with 15N influx exhibiting homeolog expression bias in nitrate transporter genes under different external nitrate concentrations. PLANTA 2022; 255:104. [PMID: 35416522 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The high affinity nitrate transport system is a potential target for improving nitrogen use efficiency of bread wheat growing either under optimal or limiting nitrate concentration. Nitrate uptake is one of the most important traits to take into account to improve nitrogen use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we aimed to gain an insight into the regulation of NO3- -uptake and translocation systems in two contrasting wheat genotypes [K9107(K9) vs. Choti Lerma (CL)]. Different conditions, such as NO3--uptake rates, soil-types, N-free solid external media, and external NO3- levels at the seedling stage, were considered. We also studied the contribution of homeolog expression of five genes encoding two nitrate transporters in the root tissue, along with their overall transcript expression levels relative to specific external nitrate availability. We observed that K9107 had a higher 15N influx than Choti Lerma under both limiting as well as optimum external N conditions in vermiculite-perlite (i.e., N-free solid) medium, with the improved translocation efficiency in Choti Lerma. However, in different soil types, different levels of 15N-enrichment in both the genotypes were found. Our results also demonstrated that the partitioning of dry matter in root and shoot was different under these growing conditions. Moreover, K9107 showed significantly higher relative expression of TaNRT2.1 at the lowest and TaNPF6.1 and TaNPF6.2 at the highest external nitrate concentrations. We also observed genotype-specific and nitrate starvation-dependent homeolog expression bias in all five nitrate transporter genes. Our data suggest that K9107 had a higher NO3- influx capacity, involving different nitrate transporters, than Choti Lerma at the seedling stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amresh Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sarvendra Kumar
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Karnam Venkatesh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Mandal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Subodh Kumar Sinha
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Gojon A. Nitrogen acquisition in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses: A step into the real world. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 271:153646. [PMID: 35202980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gojon
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Feng ZQ, Li T, Wang X, Sun WJ, Zhang TT, You CX, Wang XF. Identification and characterization of apple MdNLP7 transcription factor in the nitrate response. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 316:111158. [PMID: 35151440 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. Low utilization of nitrogen fertilizer during agricultural production causes a series of environmental problems, such as water eutrophication, soil acidity, and air pollution. Investigating the patterns and mechanisms of crop NO3- absorption and utilization therefore key to fully improving crop nitrogen utilization rates and promoting sustainable agricultural development. Apple is one of the most important horticultural crops in the world. Its nitrogen demand by apple during the growth period is very high, but few studies have been performed on apple genes, that regulate the NO3- response. Here, we found that the apple transcription factor MdNLP7 promoted nitrogen absorption and assimilation by activating the expression of MdNIA2 and MdNRT1.1. MdNLP7 also regulated H2O2 content by increasing catalase activity, which may also influence nitrate utilization. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms by which MdNLP7 controls nitrate utilization in apple.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Quan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wei-Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Xie H, Zhao W, Li W, Zhang Y, Hajný J, Han H. Small signaling peptides mediate plant adaptions to abiotic environmental stress. PLANTA 2022; 255:72. [PMID: 35218440 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-receptor complexes activate distinct downstream regulatory networks to mediate plant adaptions to abiotic environmental stress. Plants are constantly exposed to various adverse environmental factors; thus they must adjust their growth accordingly. Plants recruit small secretory peptides to adapt to these detrimental environments. These small peptides, which are perceived by their corresponding receptors and/or co-receptors, act as local- or long-distance mobile signaling molecules to establish cell-to-cell regulatory networks, resulting in optimal cellular and physiological outputs. In this review, we highlight recent advances on the regulatory role of small peptides in plant abiotic responses and nutrients signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heping Xie
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Weilin Li
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yuzhou Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Jakub Hajný
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany and Palacký University, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Huibin Han
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Liu X, Liu HF, Li HL, An XH, Song LQ, You CX, Zhao LL, Tian Y, Wang XF. MdMYB10 affects nitrogen uptake and reallocation by regulating the nitrate transporter MdNRT2.4-1 in the red flesh apple. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac016. [PMID: 35184189 PMCID: PMC9016894 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is the major nitrogen sources for higher plants. In addition to serving not only as a nutrient, it is also a signaling molecule that regulates plant growth and development. Although membrane-bound nitrate transporter/peptide transporters (NRT/PTR) have been extensively studied and shown to regulate nitrate uptake and movement, little is known about how these factors are regulated by the external nitrogen environment. Red flesh apple, the coloration of which is determined by the transcription factor MdMYB10, had higher nitrate uptake efficiency than non-red flesh apple. Nitrate assimilation and utilization were increased in red flesh apple cultivar, and comparative transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of genes encoding the NRT2s was increased in red flesh apple. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that MdMYB10 directly bound to the MdNRT2.4-1 promoter to transcriptionally activate its expression, resulting in enhanced nitrate uptake. MdMYB10 also controlled nitrate reallocation from old leaves to new leaves through MdNRT2.4-1. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism by which MdMYB10 controls nitrate uptake and reallocation in apple, which facilitates adaptation to low nitrogen environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu-Hong An
- National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas, Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lai-Qing Song
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhao
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas, Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Genome-wide identification of nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2) gene family and functional analysis of MeNRT2.2 in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Gene 2022; 809:146038. [PMID: 34688819 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2) proteins play an important role in nitrate uptake and utilization in plants. The NRT2 family has been identified and functionally characterized in many plants. However, no systematic identification of NRT2 family members has been reported in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). In this study, six MeNRT2 genes were identified from cassava genome and named as MeNRT2.1-2.6 according to their chromosomal locations. Phylogenetic tree showed that NRT2 proteins were divided into four main subgroups, which was further supported by their gene structure and conserved motifs. All six MeNRT2 genes are randomly distributed on 4 chromosomes (LG8, LG11, LG13, and LG17), two tandem duplicated genes (MeNRT2.3/MeNRT2.4) and a pair of segmental duplicated gene (MeNRT2.1/MeNRT2.2) was detected. Subsequently, expression profiles of MeNRT2 genes in eight different tissues and in response to nitrate deficient treatment were analyzed. The results showed that the MeNRT2 genes had differential expression patterns. All of MeNRT2 genes induced by nitrate deficiency, of them the MeNRT2.2 had the highest expression level after treatment. Arabidopis transformed with MeNRT2.2 gene showed higher fresh weight than wild type plants in response to N starvation, suggesting that MeNRT2.2 play important role in adapting to low nitrogen. Taken together, our results provide the reference for further analyses of the molecular functions of the MeNRT2 gene family, but also some candidate genes for developing nitrogen efficient crops.
Collapse
|
118
|
Gojon A, Nussaume L, Luu DT, Murchie EH, Baekelandt A, Rodrigues Saltenis VL, Cohan J, Desnos T, Inzé D, Ferguson JN, Guiderdonni E, Krapp A, Klein Lankhorst R, Maurel C, Rouached H, Parry MAJ, Pribil M, Scharff LB, Nacry P. Approaches and determinants to sustainably improve crop production. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gojon
- BPMP Institut Agro Univ Montpellier INRAE CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- UMR7265 Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie CNRS‐CEA‐Université Aix‐Marseille Saint‐Paul‐lez‐Durance France
| | - Doan T. Luu
- BPMP Institut Agro Univ Montpellier INRAE CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | | | | | - Thierry Desnos
- UMR7265 Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie CNRS‐CEA‐Université Aix‐Marseille Saint‐Paul‐lez‐Durance France
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - John N. Ferguson
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
- Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | | | - Anne Krapp
- Institut Jean‐Pierre Bourgin INRAE AgroParisTech Université Paris‐Saclay Versailles France
| | - René Klein Lankhorst
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Hatem Rouached
- BPMP Institut Agro Univ Montpellier INRAE CNRS Montpellier France
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | | | - Mathias Pribil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Lars B. Scharff
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Philippe Nacry
- BPMP Institut Agro Univ Montpellier INRAE CNRS Montpellier France
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Spatiotemporal analysis identifies ABF2 and ABF3 as key hubs of endodermal response to nitrate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2107879119. [PMID: 35046022 PMCID: PMC8794810 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107879119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate is a nutrient and a potent signal that impacts global gene expression in plants. However, the regulatory factors controlling temporal and cell type-specific nitrate responses remain largely unknown. We assayed nitrate-responsive transcriptome changes in five major root cell types of the Arabidopsis thaliana root as a function of time. We found that gene-expression response to nitrate is dynamic and highly localized and predicted cell type-specific transcription factor (TF)-target interactions. Among cell types, the endodermis stands out as having the largest and most connected nitrate-regulatory gene network. ABF2 and ABF3 are major hubs for transcriptional responses in the endodermis cell layer. We experimentally validated TF-target interactions for ABF2 and ABF3 by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing and a cell-based system to detect TF regulation genome-wide. Validated targets of ABF2 and ABF3 account for more than 50% of the nitrate-responsive transcriptome in the endodermis. Moreover, ABF2 and ABF3 are involved in nitrate-induced lateral root growth. Our approach offers an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution of the root response to nitrate and identifies important components of cell-specific gene regulatory networks.
Collapse
|
120
|
Ji K, Baek K, Peng W, Alberto KA, Torabifard H, Nielsen SO, Dodani SC. Biophysical and in silico characterization of NrtA: a protein-based host for aqueous nitrate and nitrite recognition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:965-968. [PMID: 34937073 PMCID: PMC9197583 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05879g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate and nitrite are key components of the global nitrogen cycle. As such, Nature has evolved proteins as biological supramolecular hosts for the recognition, translocation, and transformation of both nitrate and nitrite. To understand the supramolecular principles that govern these anion-protein interactions, here, we employ a hybrid biophysical and in silico approach to characterize the thermodynamic properties and protein dynamics of NrtA from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for the recognition of nitrate and nitrite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Kiheon Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Weicheng Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080.,Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Kevin A. Alberto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Hedieh Torabifard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Steven O. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Sheel C. Dodani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Mandal VK, Jangam AP, Chakraborty N, Raghuram N. Nitrate-responsive transcriptome analysis reveals additional genes/processes and associated traits viz. height, tillering, heading date, stomatal density and yield in japonica rice. PLANTA 2022; 255:42. [PMID: 35038039 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Our transcriptomic analysis expanded the repertoire of nitrate-responsive genes/processes in rice and revealed their phenotypic association with root/shoot, stomata, tiller, panicle/flowering and yield, with agronomic implications for nitrogen use efficiency. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a multigenic quantitative trait, involving many N-responsive genes/processes that are yet to be fully characterized. Microarray analysis of early nitrate response in excised leaves of japonica rice revealed 6688 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 2640 hitherto unreported across multiple functional categories. They include transporters, enzymes involved in primary/secondary metabolism, transcription factors (TFs), EF-hand containing calcium binding proteins, hormone metabolism/signaling and methytransferases. Some DEGs belonged to hitherto unreported processes viz. alcohol, lipid and trehalose metabolism, mitochondrial membrane organization, protein targeting and stomatal opening. 1158 DEGs were associated with growth physiology and grain yield or phenotypic traits for NUE. We identified seven DEGs for shoot apical meristem, 66 for leaf/culm/root, 31 for tiller, 70 for heading date/inflorescence/spikelet/panicle, 144 for seed and 78 for yield. RT-qPCR validated nitrate regulation of 31 DEGs belonging to various important functional categories/traits. Physiological validation of N-dose responsive changes in plant development revealed that relative to 1.5 mM, 15 mM nitrate significantly increased stomatal density, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. Further, root/shoot growth, number of tillers and grain yield declined and panicle emergence/heading date delayed, despite increased photosynthetic rate. We report the binding sites of diverse classes of TFs such as WRKY, MYB, HMG etc., in the 1 kb up-stream regions of 6676 nitrate-responsive DEGs indicating their role in regulating nitrate response/NUE. Together, these findings expand the repertoire of genes and processes involved in genomewide nitrate response in rice and reveal their physiological, phenotypic and agronomic implications for NUE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar Mandal
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Annie Prasanna Jangam
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Navjyoti Chakraborty
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Nandula Raghuram
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Javed T, Zhou JR, Li J, Hu ZT, Wang QN, Gao SJ. Identification and Expression Profiling of WRKY Family Genes in Sugarcane in Response to Bacterial Pathogen Infection and Nitrogen Implantation Dosage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:917953. [PMID: 35755708 PMCID: PMC9218642 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are essential players in different signaling cascades and regulatory networks involved in defense responses to various stressors. This study systematically analyzed and characterized WRKY family genes in the Saccharum spp. hybrid R570 and their expression in two sugarcane cultivars LCP85-384 (resistant to leaf scald) and ROC20 (susceptible to leaf scald) in response to bacterial pathogen infection and nitrogen implantation dosage. A total of 53 ShWRKY genes with 66 alleles were systematically identified in R570 based on the query sequence SsWRKY in S. spontaneum AP85-441. All ShRWKY alleles were further classified into four groups with 11 (16.7%) genes in group I, 36 (54.5%) genes in group II, 18 (27.3%) genes in group III, and 1 (1.5%) gene in group IV. Among them, 4 and 11 ShWRKY gene pairs displayed tandem and segmental duplication events, respectively. The ShWRKY genes exhibited conserved DNA-binding domains, which were accompanied by variations in introns, exons, and motifs. RT-qPCR analysis of two sugarcane cultivars triggered by Xanthomonas albilineans (Xa) revealed that four genes, ShWRKY13-2/39-1/49-3/125-3, exhibited significant upregulation in leaf scald-resistant LCP85-384. These WRKY genes were downregulated or unchanged in ROC20 at 24-72 h post-inoculation, suggesting that they play an important role in defense responses to Xa infection. Most of the 12 tested ShWRKYs, ShWRKY22-1/49-3/52-1 in particular, functioned as negative regulators in the two cultivars in response to a range of nitrogen (N) implantation doses. A total of 11 ShWRKY proteins were predicted to interact with each other. ShWRKY43 and ShWRKY49-3 are predicted to play core roles in the interaction network, as indicated by their interaction with six other ShWRKY proteins. Our results provide important candidate gene resources for the genetic improvement of sugarcane and lay the foundation for further functional characterization of ShWRKY genes in response to coupling effects of Xa infection and different N levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talha Javed
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ru Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Ting Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qin-Nan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Qin-Nan Wang,
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: San-Ji Gao,
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Huang X, Tie W, Xie D, Jiang D, Li Z. Certain Environmental Conditions Maximize Ammonium Accumulation and Minimize Nitrogen Loss During Nitrate Reduction Process by Pseudomonas putida Y-9. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:764241. [PMID: 34966364 PMCID: PMC8710668 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.764241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Realizing the smallest nitrogen loss is a challenge in the nitrate reduction process. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and nitrate assimilation play crucial roles in nitrogen retention. In this study, the effects of the carbon source, C/N ratio, pH, and dissolved oxygen on the multiple nitrate reduction pathways conducted by Pseudomonas putida Y-9 are explored. Strain Y-9 efficiently removed nitrate (up to 89.79%) with glucose as the sole carbon source, and the nitrogen loss in this system was 15.43%. The total nitrogen decrease and ammonium accumulation at a C/N ratio of 9 were lower than that at 12 and higher than that at 15, respectively (P < 0.05). Besides, neutral and alkaline conditions (pH 7–9) favored nitrate reduction. Largest nitrate removal (81.78%) and minimum nitrogen loss (10.63%) were observed at pH 7. The nitrate removal and ammonium production efficiencies of strain Y-9 increased due to an increased shaking speed. The expression patterns of nirBD (the gene that controls nitrate assimilation and DNRA) in strain Y-9 were similar to ammonium patterns of the tested incubation conditions. In summary, the following conditions facilitated nitrate assimilation and DNRA by strain Y-9, while reducing the denitrification: glucose as the carbon source, a C/N ratio of 9, a pH of 7, and a shaking speed of 150 rpm. Under these conditions, nitrate removal was substantial, and nitrogen loss from the system was minimal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of (Guang Xi) Agricultural Environment and Products Safety, College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil Multiscale Interfacial Process, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenzhou Tie
- Key Laboratory of (Guang Xi) Agricultural Environment and Products Safety, College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Deti Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil Multiscale Interfacial Process, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daihua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of (Guang Xi) Agricultural Environment and Products Safety, College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenlun Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil Multiscale Interfacial Process, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Pervent M, Lambert I, Tauzin M, Karouani A, Nigg M, Jardinaud MF, Severac D, Colella S, Martin-Magniette ML, Lepetit M. Systemic control of nodule formation by plant nitrogen demand requires autoregulation-dependent and independent mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7942-7956. [PMID: 34427647 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In legumes interacting with rhizobia, the formation of symbiotic organs involved in the acquisition of atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) is dependent on the plant nitrogen (N) demand. We used Medicago truncatula plants cultivated in split-root systems to discriminate between responses to local and systemic N signaling. We evidenced a strong control of nodule formation by systemic N signaling but obtained no clear evidence of a local control by mineral nitrogen. Systemic signaling of the plant N demand controls numerous transcripts involved in root transcriptome reprogramming associated with early rhizobia interaction and nodule formation. SUPER NUMERIC NODULES (SUNN) has an important role in this control, but we found that major systemic N signaling responses remained active in the sunn mutant. Genes involved in the activation of nitrogen fixation are regulated by systemic N signaling in the mutant, explaining why its hypernodulation phenotype is not associated with higher nitrogen fixation of the whole plant. We show that the control of transcriptome reprogramming of nodule formation by systemic N signaling requires other pathway(s) that parallel the SUNN/CLE (CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-LIKE PEPTIDES) pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Pervent
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditérranéennes INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ilana Lambert
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditérranéennes INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Tauzin
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditérranéennes INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alicia Karouani
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditérranéennes INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Martha Nigg
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditérranéennes INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Jardinaud
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microorganismes INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Dany Severac
- MGX, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stefano Colella
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditérranéennes INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d'Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lepetit
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditérranéennes INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Zoghbi-Rodríguez NM, Gamboa-Tuz SD, Pereira-Santana A, Rodríguez-Zapata LC, Sánchez-Teyer LF, Echevarría-Machado I. Phylogenomic and Microsynteny Analysis Provides Evidence of Genome Arrangements of High-Affinity Nitrate Transporter Gene Families of Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13036. [PMID: 34884876 PMCID: PMC8658032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2) and NRT3 or nitrate-assimilation-related 2 (NAR2) proteins families form a two-component, high-affinity nitrate transport system, which is essential for the acquisition of nitrate from soils with low N availability. An extensive phylogenomic analysis across land plants for these families has not been performed. In this study, we performed a microsynteny and orthology analysis on the NRT2 and NRT3 genes families across 132 plants (Sensu lato) to decipher their evolutionary history. We identified significant differences in the number of sequences per taxonomic group and different genomic contexts within the NRT2 family that might have contributed to N acquisition by the plants. We hypothesized that the greater losses of NRT2 sequences correlate with specialized ecological adaptations, such as aquatic, epiphytic, and carnivory lifestyles. We also detected expansion on the NRT2 family in specific lineages that could be a source of key innovations for colonizing contrasting niches in N availability. Microsyntenic analysis on NRT3 family showed a deep conservation on land plants, suggesting a high evolutionary constraint to preserve their function. Our study provides novel information that could be used as guide for functional characterization of these gene families across plant lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Normig M. Zoghbi-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida 97205, Mexico;
| | - Samuel David Gamboa-Tuz
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida 97205, Mexico; (S.D.G.-T.); (L.C.R.-Z.)
| | - Alejandro Pereira-Santana
- Conacyt-Unidad de Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico;
| | - Luis C. Rodríguez-Zapata
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida 97205, Mexico; (S.D.G.-T.); (L.C.R.-Z.)
| | - Lorenzo Felipe Sánchez-Teyer
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida 97205, Mexico; (S.D.G.-T.); (L.C.R.-Z.)
| | - Ileana Echevarría-Machado
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida 97205, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Ye JY, Tian WH, Zhou M, Zhu QY, Du WX, Zhu YX, Liu XX, Lin XY, Zheng SJ, Jin CW. STOP1 activates NRT1.1-mediated nitrate uptake to create a favorable rhizospheric pH for plant adaptation to acidity. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3658-3674. [PMID: 34524462 PMCID: PMC8643680 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Protons (H+) in acidic soils arrest plant growth. However, the mechanisms by which plants optimize their biological processes to diminish the unfavorable effects of H+ stress remain largely unclear. Here, we showed that in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, the C2H2-type transcription factor STOP1 in the nucleus was enriched by low pH in a nitrate-independent manner, with the spatial expression pattern of NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1.1 (NRT1.1) established by low pH required the action of STOP1. Additionally, the nrt1.1 and stop1 mutants, as well as the nrt1.1 stop1 double mutant, had a similar hypersensitive phenotype to low pH, indicating that STOP1 and NRT1.1 function in the same pathway for H+ tolerance. Molecular assays revealed that STOP1 directly bound to the promoter of NRT1.1 to activate its transcription in response to low pH, thus upregulating its nitrate uptake. This action improved the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of plants and created a favorable rhizospheric pH for root growth by enhancing H+ depletion in the rhizosphere. Consequently, the constitutive expression of NRT1.1 in stop1 mutants abolished the hypersensitive phenotype to low pH. These results demonstrate that STOP1-NRT1.1 is a key module for plants to optimize NUE and ensure better plant growth in acidic media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen Hao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qing Yang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ya Xin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xing Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xian Yong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chong Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Yan Z, Zhou J, Nie J, Yang Y, Zhao J, Zeng Z, Marshall MR, Peixoto L, Zang H. Do cropping system and fertilization rate change water-stable aggregates associated carbon and nitrogen storage? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65862-65871. [PMID: 34322806 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil aggregates not only store carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) but hold a critical role in determining the nutrients supply, crop productivity, and climate change mitigation. However, the impact of cropping system and N fertilization on aggregate-associated C and N in both topsoil and subsoil remains unclear. Here, we assessed the effect of cropping systems (wheat-soybean vs. wheat-maize cropping systems) and N fertilization rates (0 N; medium N, 120 kg N ha-1; high N, 240 kg N ha-1) on soil water-stable aggregates distribution, as well as aggregate-associated C and N based on a field study in North China Plain. Our study suggests that the variations of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks were more affected by N fertilization than short-term cropping systems. In the wheat-soybean system, medium N increased the SOC stock by 19.18% and 15.73% as compared to high N in the topsoil and subsoil, respectively. Additionally, medium N resulted in 6.59-18.11% higher TN stock in the topsoil for both wheat-soybean and wheat-maize cropping systems as compared to 0 N and high N. Notably, the water-stable macroaggregates (> 0.25 mm) in the topsoil occupied more than 70% of the soil, which increased under medium N in the wheat-soybean cropping system. In conclusion, medium N fertilization combined with a legume-based cropping could be used to improve SOC stock, promote soil aggregation, and enhance aggregate-associated C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Yan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangwen Nie
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yadong Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohai Zeng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Miles R Marshall
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Leanne Peixoto
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, DK, Denmark
| | - Huadong Zang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
He W, Wang L, Lin Q, Yu F. Rice seed storage proteins: Biosynthetic pathways and the effects of environmental factors. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1999-2019. [PMID: 34581486 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop for at least half of the world's population. Due to improved living standards, the cultivation of high-quality rice for different purposes and markets has become a major goal. Rice quality is determined by the presence of many nutritional components, including seed storage proteins (SSPs), which are the second most abundant nutrient components of rice grains after starch. Rice SSP biosynthesis requires the participation of multiple organelles and is influenced by the external environment, making it challenging to understand the molecular details of SSP biosynthesis and improve rice protein quality. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of rice SSP biosynthesis, including a detailed description of the key molecules involved in rice SSP biosynthetic processes and the major environmental factors affecting SSP biosynthesis. The effects of these factors on SSP accumulation and their contribution to rice quality are also discussed based on recent findings. This recent knowledge suggests not only new research directions for exploring rice SSP biosynthesis but also innovative strategies for breeding high-quality rice varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Feng Yu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Lebedev VG, Popova AA, Shestibratov KA. Genetic Engineering and Genome Editing for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Plants. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123303. [PMID: 34943810 PMCID: PMC8699818 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low nitrogen availability is one of the main limiting factors for plant growth and development, and high doses of N fertilizers are necessary to achieve high yields in agriculture. However, most N is not used by plants and pollutes the environment. This situation can be improved by enhancing the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in plants. NUE is a complex trait driven by multiple interactions between genetic and environmental factors, and its improvement requires a fundamental understanding of the key steps in plant N metabolism—uptake, assimilation, and remobilization. This review summarizes two decades of research into bioengineering modification of N metabolism to increase the biomass accumulation and yield in crops. The expression of structural and regulatory genes was most often altered using overexpression strategies, although RNAi and genome editing techniques were also used. Particular attention was paid to woody plants, which have great economic importance, play a crucial role in the ecosystems and have fundamental differences from herbaceous species. The review also considers the issue of unintended effects of transgenic plants with modified N metabolism, e.g., early flowering—a research topic which is currently receiving little attention. The future prospects of improving NUE in crops, essential for the development of sustainable agriculture, using various approaches and in the context of global climate change, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim G. Lebedev
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna A. Popova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 394087 Voronezh, Russia;
| | - Konstantin A. Shestibratov
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 394087 Voronezh, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Camut L, Gallova B, Jilli L, Sirlin-Josserand M, Carrera E, Sakvarelidze-Achard L, Ruffel S, Krouk G, Thomas SG, Hedden P, Phillips AL, Davière JM, Achard P. Nitrate signaling promotes plant growth by upregulating gibberellin biosynthesis and destabilization of DELLA proteins. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4971-4982.e4. [PMID: 34614391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate, one of the main nitrogen (N) sources for crops, acts as a nutrient and key signaling molecule coordinating gene expression, metabolism, and various growth processes throughout the plant life cycle. It is widely accepted that nitrate-triggered developmental programs cooperate with hormone synthesis and transport to finely adapt plant architecture to N availability. Here, we report that nitrate, acting through its signaling pathway, promotes growth in Arabidopsis and wheat, in part by modulating the accumulation of gibberellin (GA)-regulated DELLA growth repressors. We show that nitrate reduces the abundance of DELLAs by increasing GA contents through activation of GA metabolism gene expression. Consistently, the growth restraint conferred by nitrate deficiency is partially rescued in global-DELLA mutant that lacks all DELLAs. At the cellular level, we show that nitrate enhances both cell proliferation and elongation in a DELLA-dependent and -independent manner, respectively. Our findings establish a connection between nitrate and GA signaling pathways that allow plants to adapt their growth to nitrate availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Camut
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Barbora Gallova
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Lucas Jilli
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathilde Sirlin-Josserand
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Esther Carrera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lali Sakvarelidze-Achard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandrine Ruffel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriel Krouk
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephen G Thomas
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Peter Hedden
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany and Palacky University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew L Phillips
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Jean-Michel Davière
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Achard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Transcriptome Differences in Response Mechanisms to Low-Nitrogen Stress in Two Wheat Varieties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212278. [PMID: 34830160 PMCID: PMC8622133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen plays a crucial role in wheat growth and development. Here, we analyzed the tolerance of wheat strains XM26 and LM23 to low-nitrogen stress using a chlorate sensitivity experiment. Subsequently, we performed transcriptome analyses of both varieties exposed to low-nitrogen (LN) and normal (CK) treatments. Compared with those under CK treatment, 3534 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in XM26 in roots and shoots under LN treatment (p < 0.05, and |log2FC| > 1). A total of 3584 DEGs were detected in LM23. A total of 3306 DEGs, including 863 DEGs in roots and 2443 DEGs in shoots, were specifically expressed in XM26 or showed huge differences between XM26 and LM23 (log2FC ratio > 3). These were selected for gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses. The calcium-mediated plant–pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling, and phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways were enriched in XM26 but not in LM23. We also verified the expression of important genes involved in these pathways in the two varieties using qRT-PCR. A total of 156 transcription factors were identified among the DEGs, and their expression patterns were different between the two varieties. Our findings suggest that calcium-related pathways play different roles in the two varieties, eliciting different tolerances to low-nitrogen stress.
Collapse
|
132
|
Zhang X, Ma Q, Li F, Ding Y, Yi Y, Zhu M, Ding J, Li C, Guo W, Zhu X. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Different Responsive Patterns to Nitrogen Deficiency in Two Wheat Near-Isogenic Lines Contrasting for Nitrogen Use Efficiency. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111126. [PMID: 34827119 PMCID: PMC8614915 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Nitrogen (N) limitation is the key factor for wheat production worldwide. Therefore, the development of genotypes with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a prerequisite for sustainable and productive agriculture. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of low N stress tolerance is significant for breeding wheat cultivars with high NUE. To clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms of enhanced resilience to low N in high-NUE wheat, we performed an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. In the current research, two wheat near-isogenic lines (NILs) differing dramatically in NUE were used to measure gene expression differences under different N treatments. There was a dramatic difference between two wheat NILs in response to N deficiency at the transcriptional level, and the classification of identified candidate genes may provide new valuable insights into the resilience mechanism of wheat. Abstract The development of crop cultivars with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) under low-N fertilizer inputs is imperative for sustainable agriculture. However, there has been little research on the molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced resilience to low N in high-NUE plants. The comparison of the transcriptional responses of genotypes contrasting for NUE will facilitate an understanding of the key molecular mechanism of wheat resilience to low-N stress. In the current study, the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technique was employed to investigate the genotypic difference in response to N deficiency between two wheat NILs (1Y, high-NUE, and 1W, low-NUE). In our research, high- and low-NUE wheat NILs showed different patterns of gene expression under N-deficient conditions, and these N-responsive genes were classified into two major classes, including “frontloaded genes” and “relatively upregulated genes”. In total, 103 and 45 genes were identified as frontloaded genes in high-NUE and low-NUE wheat, respectively. In summary, our study might provide potential directions for further understanding the molecular mechanism of high-NUE genotypes adapting to low-N stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Q.M.); (F.L.); (Y.D.); (M.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (W.G.)
| | - Quan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Q.M.); (F.L.); (Y.D.); (M.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (W.G.)
| | - Fujian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Q.M.); (F.L.); (Y.D.); (M.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (W.G.)
| | - Yonggang Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Q.M.); (F.L.); (Y.D.); (M.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (W.G.)
| | - Yuan Yi
- Jiangsu Xuhuai Regional Institute of Agricultural Science, Xuzhou 221131, China;
| | - Min Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Q.M.); (F.L.); (Y.D.); (M.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (W.G.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinfeng Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Q.M.); (F.L.); (Y.D.); (M.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (W.G.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Q.M.); (F.L.); (Y.D.); (M.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (W.G.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Q.M.); (F.L.); (Y.D.); (M.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (W.G.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinkai Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Q.M.); (F.L.); (Y.D.); (M.Z.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (W.G.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Wu K, Xu H, Gao X, Fu X. New insights into gibberellin signaling in regulating plant growth-metabolic coordination. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102074. [PMID: 34217918 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Green Revolution of the 1960s boosted cereal crop yields in part through widespread adoption of semi-dwarf plant varieties, many of which were later found to have mutations in either gibberellins (GAs) homeostasis or DELLA proteins. GA is essential for plant growth and developmental regulation and plays an important role in improving crop plant architecture for enhanced grain yield under high nitrogen conditions. A complex regulatory network governs the spatially and temporally controlled genes expression through integrative GA signaling in response to multiple endogenous and environmental cues. In this review, we summarize current advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of DELLA-dependent and DELLA-independent GA signaling pathways and their contributions to plant developmental and metabolic adaptations to changes in nitrogen availability. The progress in molecular understanding of the plant growth-metabolic coordination will facilitate breeding strategies for future sustainable agriculture and a new Green Revolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiuhua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Saini DK, Chopra Y, Pal N, Chahal A, Srivastava P, Gupta PK. Meta-QTLs, ortho-MQTLs and candidate genes for nitrogen use efficiency and root system architecture in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2245-2267. [PMID: 34744364 PMCID: PMC8526679 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In wheat, meta-QTLs (MQTLs), ortho-MQTLs, and candidate genes (CGs) were identified for nitrogen use efficiency and root system architecture. For this purpose, 1788 QTLs were available from 24 studies published during 2006-2020. Of these, 1098 QTLs were projected onto the consensus map resulting in 118 MQTLs. The average confidence interval (CI) of MQTLs was reduced up to 8.56 folds in comparison to the average CI of QTLs. Of the 118 MQTLs, 112 were anchored to the physical map of the wheat reference genome. The physical interval of MQTLs ranged from 0.02 to 666.18 Mb with a mean of 94.36 Mb. Eighty-eight of these 112 MQTLs were verified by marker-trait associations (MTAs) identified in published genome-wide association studies (GWAS); the MQTLs that were verified using GWAS also included 9 most robust MQTLs, which are particularly useful for breeders; we call them 'Breeder's QTLs'. Some selected wheat MQTLs were further utilized for the identification of ortho-MQTLs for wheat and maize; 9 such ortho-MQTLs were available. As many as 1991 candidate genes (CGs) were also detected, which included 930 CGs with an expression level of > 2 transcripts per million in relevant organs/tissues. Among the CGs, 97 CGs with functions previously reported as important for the traits under study were selected. Based on homology analysis and expression patterns, 49 orthologues of 35 rice genes were also identified in MQTL regions. The results of the present study may prove useful for the improvement of selection strategy for yield potential, stability, and performance under N-limiting conditions. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01085-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Yuvraj Chopra
- College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
- Present Address: Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
| | - Neeraj Pal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G. B. Pant, University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145 India
| | - Amneek Chahal
- College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Puja Srivastava
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004 India
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Wang F, Yoshida H, Matsuoka M. Making the 'Green Revolution' Truly Green: Improving Crop Nitrogen Use Efficiency. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:942-947. [PMID: 33836084 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Traditional breeding for high-yielding crops has mainly relied on the widespread cultivation of gibberellin (GA)-deficient semi-dwarf varieties, as dwarfism increases lodging resistance and allows for high nitrogen use, resulting in high grain yield. Although the adoption of semi-dwarf varieties in rice and wheat breeding brought big success to the 'Green Revolution' in the 20th century, it consequently increased the demand for nitrogen-based fertilizer, which causes severe threat to ecosystems and sustainable agriculture. To make the 'Green Revolution' truly green, it is necessary to develop new varieties with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Under this demand, research on NUE, mainly for rice, has made great strides in the last decade. This mini-review focuses on three aspects of recent epoch-making findings on rice breeding for high NUE. The first one on 'NUE genes related to GA signaling' shows how promising it is to improve NUE in semi-dwarf Green Revolution varieties. The second aspect centers around the nitrate transporter1.1B, NRT1.1B; studies have revealed a nutrient signaling pathway through the discovery of the nitrate-NRT1.1B-SPX4-NLP3 cascade. The last one is based on the recent finding that the teosinte branched1, cycloidea, proliferating cell factor (TCP)-domain protein 19 underlies the genomic basis of geographical adaptation to soil nitrogen; OsTCP19 regulates the expression of a key transacting factor, DLT/SMOS2, which participates in the signaling of four different phytohormones, GA, auxin, brassinosteroid and strigolactone. Collectively, these breakthrough findings represent a significant step toward breeding high-NUE rice in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanmiao Wang
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, 960-1248 Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuoka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, 960-1248 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Chu X, Wang JG, Li M, Zhang S, Gao Y, Fan M, Han C, Xiang F, Li G, Wang Y, Yu X, Xiang CB, Bai MY. HBI transcription factor-mediated ROS homeostasis regulates nitrate signal transduction. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3004-3021. [PMID: 34129038 PMCID: PMC8462818 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is both an important nutrient and a critical signaling molecule that regulates plant metabolism, growth, and development. Although several components of the nitrate signaling pathway have been identified, the molecular mechanism of nitrate signaling remains unclear. Here, we showed that the growth-related transcription factors HOMOLOG OF BRASSINOSTEROID ENHANCED EXPRESSION2 INTERACTING WITH IBH1 (HBI1) and its three closest homologs (HBIs) positively regulate nitrate signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. HBI1 is rapidly induced by nitrate through NLP6 and NLP7, which are master regulators of nitrate signaling. Mutations in HBIs result in the reduced effects of nitrate on plant growth and ∼22% nitrate-responsive genes no longer to be regulated by nitrate. HBIs increase the expression levels of a set of antioxidant genes to reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. Nitrate treatment induces the nuclear localization of NLP7, whereas such promoting effects of nitrate are significantly impaired in the hbi-q and cat2 cat3 mutants, which accumulate high levels of H2O2. These results demonstrate that HBI-mediated ROS homeostasis regulates nitrate signal transduction through modulating the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of NLP7. Overall, our findings reveal that nitrate treatment reduces the accumulation of H2O2, and H2O2 inhibits nitrate signaling, thereby forming a feedback regulatory loop to regulate plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Chu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jia-Gang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Min Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chao Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fengning Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Genying Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Xiang
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Li S, Zhang H, Wang S, Shi L, Xu F, Wang C, Cai H, Ding G. The rapeseed genotypes with contrasting NUE response discrepantly to varied provision of ammonium and nitrate by regulating photosynthesis, root morphology, nutritional status, and oxidative stress response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:348-360. [PMID: 34147727 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) are the two predominant inorganic nitrogen (N) forms available to crops in agricultural soils. However, little is known about how the NH4+:NO3- ratio affect the growth of Brassica napus. Here, we investigated the impact of five NH4+:NO3- ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100) on plant growth, photosynthesis, root morphology, ammonium uptake, nutritional status, oxidative stress response, and relative expression of genes involved in these processes in two rapeseed genotypes with contrasting N use efficiency (NUE). Application of NO3- as a N source extremely improved rapeseed growth compare to NH4+. However, the best growth of the N-inefficient genotype was observed under 75:25 NH4+/NO3- ratio, while it happens for the N-efficient genotype only under the sole NO3- environment. The low-NUE genotype exhibited a more developed root system, higher photosynthetic capacity, higher nutrient accumulation, and better NH4+ uptake ability under the 75:25 NH4+/NO3- ratio, resulting in a decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) in root. However, the high-NUE genotype performed better in the above aspects under the NO3--only condition. Nitrate decrease MDA by reducing the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase in root of the N-efficient genotype. Moreover, significant differences were detected for the expression levels of genes involved in N uptake and oxidative stress response between the two genotypes under two NH4+/NO3- ratios. Taken together, our results indicate that the N-inefficient rapeseed genotype prefers mixed supply of ammonium and nitrate, whereas the genotype with high NUE prefers sole nitrate environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Microelement Research Center / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment / College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Microelement Research Center / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment / College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheliang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Microelement Research Center / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment / College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Microelement Research Center / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment / College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Microelement Research Center / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment / College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Microelement Research Center / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment / College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Cai
- Microelement Research Center / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment / College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangda Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Microelement Research Center / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment / College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Abstract
Nutrients are vital to life through intertwined sensing, signaling, and metabolic processes. Emerging research focuses on how distinct nutrient signaling networks integrate and coordinate gene expression, metabolism, growth, and survival. We review the multifaceted roles of sugars, nitrate, and phosphate as essential plant nutrients in controlling complex molecular and cellular mechanisms of dynamic signaling networks. Key advances in central sugar and energy signaling mechanisms mediated by the evolutionarily conserved master regulators HEXOKINASE1 (HXK1), TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR), and SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE1 (SNRK1) are discussed. Significant progress in primary nitrate sensing, calcium signaling, transcriptome analysis, and root-shoot communication to shape plant biomass and architecture are elaborated. Discoveries on intracellular and extracellular phosphate signaling and the intimate connections with nitrate and sugar signaling are examined. This review highlights the dynamic nutrient, energy, growth, and stress signaling networks that orchestrate systemwide transcriptional, translational, and metabolic reprogramming, modulate growth and developmental programs, and respond to environmental cues. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Volume 37 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; ,
| | - Kun-Hsiang Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , .,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, and Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jen Sheen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; ,
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Xiong D, Flexas J. Leaf anatomical characteristics are less important than leaf biochemical properties in determining photosynthesis responses to nitrogen top-dressing. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5709-5720. [PMID: 34022050 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic capacity of leaves is dramatically influenced by nitrogen (N) availability in the soil, as CO2 concentration in chloroplasts and photosynthetic biochemical capacity are related to leaf N content. The relationship between mesophyll conductance (gm) and leaf N content was expected to be shaped by leaf anatomical traits. However, the increased gm in mature leaves achieved by N top-dressing is unlikely to be caused by changes in leaf anatomy. Here, we assessed the impacts of N supply on leaf anatomical, biochemical, and photosynthetic features, specifically, the dynamic responses of leaf anatomy, biochemistry, and photosynthesis to N top-dressing in tobacco. Plant performance was substantially affected by soil N status. In comparison with the leaves of plants subjected to low N treatment, leaves of plants with high N treatment photosynthesized significantly more, due to higher CO2 diffusion conductance and photosynthetic biochemical capacity. The high gm in high N-treated leaves apparently related to modifications in the leaf anatomy; however, the rapid response of gm to N top-dressing cannot be fully explained by leaf anatomical modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Liu M, Zhi X, Wang Y, Wang Y. Genome-wide survey and expression analysis of NIN-like Protein (NLP) genes reveals its potential roles in the response to nitrate signaling in tomato. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:347. [PMID: 34301191 PMCID: PMC8299697 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important horticultural crops, with a marked preference for nitrate as an inorganic nitrogen source. The molecular mechanisms of nitrate uptake and assimilation are poorly understood in tomato. NIN-like proteins (NLPs) are conserved, plant-specific transcription factors that play crucial roles in nitrate signaling. RESULTS In this study, genome-wide analysis identified six NLP members in tomato genome. These members were clustered into three clades in a phylogenetic tree. Comparative genomic analysis showed that SlNLP genes exhibited collinear relationships to NLPs in Arabidopsis, canola, maize and rice, and that the expansion of the SlNLP family mainly resulted from segmental duplications in the tomato genome. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that one of the close homologs of AtNLP6/7, SlNLP3, was strongly expressed in roots during both the seedling and flowering stages, that SlNLP4 and SlNLP6 exhibited preferential expression in stems and leaves and that SlNLP6 was expressed at high levels in fruits. Furthermore, the nitrate uptake in tomato roots and the expression patterns of SlNLP genes were measured under nitrogen deficiency and nitrate resupply conditions. Four SlNLPs, SlNLP1, SlNLP2, SlNLP4 and SlNLP6, were upregulated after nitrogen starvation. And SlNLP1 and SlNLP5 were induced rapidly and temporally by nitrate. CONCLUSIONS These results provide significant insights into the potential diverse functions of SlNLPs to regulate nitrate uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaona Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Deepika D, Singh A. Plant phospholipase D: novel structure, regulatory mechanism, and multifaceted functions with biotechnological application. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:106-124. [PMID: 34167393 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1924113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipases D (PLDs) are important membrane lipid-modifying enzymes in eukaryotes. Phosphatidic acid, the product of PLD activity, is a vital signaling molecule. PLD-mediated lipid signaling has been the subject of extensive research leading to discovery of its crystal structure. PLDs are involved in the pathophysiology of several human diseases, therefore, viewed as promising targets for drug design. The availability of a eukaryotic PLD crystal structure will encourage PLD targeted drug designing. PLDs have been implicated in plants response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanism of response is not clear. Recently, several novel findings have shown that PLD mediated modulation of structural and developmental processes, such as: stomata movement, root growth and microtubule organization are crucial for plants adaptation to environmental stresses. Involvement of PLDs in regulating membrane remodeling, auxin mediated alteration of root system architecture and nutrient uptake to combat nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies and magnesium toxicity is established. PLDs via vesicle trafficking modulate cytoskeleton and exocytosis to regulate self-incompatibility (SI) signaling in flowering plants, thereby contributes to plants hybrid vigor and diversity. In addition, the important role of PLDs has been recognized in biotechnologically important functions, including oil/TAG synthesis and maintenance of seed quality. In this review, we describe the crystal structure of a plant PLD and discuss the molecular mechanism of catalysis and activity regulation. Further, the role of PLDs in regulating plant development under biotic and abiotic stresses, nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, magnesium ion toxicity, SI signaling and pollen tube growth and in important biotechnological applications has been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Deepika
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Li S, Xiao F, Yang D, Lyu X, Ma C, Dong S, Yan C, Gong Z. Nitrate Transport and Distribution in Soybean Plants With Dual-Root Systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:661054. [PMID: 34093618 PMCID: PMC8174562 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.661054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate absorbed by soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) roots from the soil can promote plant growth, while nitrate transported to nodules inhibits nodulation and nodule nitrogen fixation activity. The aim of this study was to provide new insights into the inhibition of nodule nitrogen (N) fixation by characterizing the transport and distribution of nitrate in soybean plants. In this research, pot culture experiments were conducted using a dual root system of soybeans. In the first experiment, the distribution of 15N derived from nitrate was observed. In the second experiment, nitrate was supplied-withdrawal-resupplied to one side of dual-root system for nine consecutive days, and the other side was supplied with N-free solution. Nitrate contents in leaves, stems, petioles, the basal root of pealed skin and woody part at the grafting site were measured. Nitrate transport and distribution in soybean were analyzed combining the results of two experiments. The results showed that nitrate supplied to the N-supply side of the dual-root system was transported to the shoots immediately through the basal root pealed skin (the main transport route was via the phloem) and woody part (transport was chiefly related to the xylem). There was a transient storage of nitrate in the stems. After the distribution of nitrate, a proportion of the nitrate absorbed by the roots on the N-supply side was translocated to the roots and nodules on the N-free side with a combination of the basal root pealed skin and woody part. In conclusion, the basal root pealed skin and woody part are the main transport routes for nitrate up and down in soybean plants. Nitrate absorbed by roots can be transported to the shoots and then retranslocated to the roots again. The transport flux of nitrate to the N-free side was regulated by transient storage of nitrate in the stems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengsheng Xiao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Daocheng Yang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaochen Lyu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmei Ma
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shoukun Dong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Yan
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenping Gong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Low nitrogen conditions accelerate flowering by modulating the phosphorylation state of FLOWERING BHLH 4 in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022942118. [PMID: 33963081 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022942118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient that affects multiple plant developmental processes, including flowering. As flowering requires resources to develop sink tissues for reproduction, nutrient availability is tightly linked to this process. Low N levels accelerate floral transition; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this response are not well understood. Here, we identify the FLOWERING BHLH 4 (FBH4) transcription factor as a key regulator of N-responsive flowering in Arabidopsis Low N-induced early flowering is compromised in fbh quadruple mutants. We found that FBH4 is a highly phosphorylated protein and that FBH4 phosphorylation levels decrease under low N conditions. In addition, decreased phosphorylation promotes FBH4 nuclear localization and transcriptional activation of the direct target CONSTANS (CO) and downstream florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) genes. Moreover, we demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved cellular fuel sensor SNF1-RELATED KINASE 1 (SnRK1), whose kinase activity is down-regulated under low N conditions, directly phosphorylates FBH4. SnRK1 negatively regulates CO and FT transcript levels under high N conditions. Together, these results reveal a mechanism by which N levels may fine-tune FBH4 nuclear localization by adjusting the phosphorylation state to modulate flowering time. In addition to its role in flowering regulation, we also showed that FBH4 was involved in low N-induced up-regulation of nutrient recycling and remobilization-related gene expression. Thus, our findings provide insight into N-responsive growth phase transitions and optimization of plant fitness under nutrient-limited conditions.
Collapse
|
144
|
Goñi O, Łangowski Ł, Feeney E, Quille P, O’Connell S. Reducing Nitrogen Input in Barley Crops While Maintaining Yields Using an Engineered Biostimulant Derived From Ascophyllum nodosum to Enhance Nitrogen Use Efficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:664682. [PMID: 34025702 PMCID: PMC8132967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.664682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intensive agricultural production utilizes large amounts of nitrogen (N) mineral fertilizers that are applied to the soil to secure high crop yields. Unfortunately, up to 65% of this N fertilizer is not taken up by crops and is lost to the environment. To compensate these issues, growers usually apply more fertilizer than crops actually need, contributing significantly to N pollution and to GHG emissions. In order to combat the need for such large N inputs, a better understanding of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and agronomic solutions that increase NUE within crops is required. The application of biostimulants derived from extracts of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum has long been accepted by growers as a sustainable crop production input. However, little is known on how Ascophyllum nodosum extracts (ANEs) can influence mechanisms of N uptake and assimilation in crops to allow reduced N application. In this work, a significant increase in nitrate accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana 6 days after applying the novel proprietary biostimulant PSI-362 was observed. Follow-up studies in barley crops revealed that PSI-362 increases NUE by 29.85-60.26% under 75% N input in multi-year field trials. When PSI-362 was incorporated as a coating to the granular N fertilizer calcium ammonium nitrate and applied to barley crop, a coordinated stimulation of N uptake and assimilation markers was observed. A key indicator of biostimulant performance was increased nitrate content in barley shoot tissue 22 days after N fertilizer application (+17.9-72.2%), that was associated with gene upregulation of root nitrate transporters (NRT1.1, NRT2.1, and NRT1.5). Simultaneously, PSI-362 coated fertilizer enhanced nitrate reductase and glutamine synthase activities, while higher content of free amino acids, soluble protein and photosynthetic pigments was measured. These biological changes at stem elongation stage were later translated into enhanced NUE traits in harvested grain. Overall, our results support the agronomic use of this engineered ANE that allowed a reduction in N fertilizer usage while maintaining or increasing crop yield. The data suggests that it can be part of the solution for the successful implementation of mitigation policies for water quality and GHG emissions from N fertilizer usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Goñi
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Tralee, Tralee, Ireland
- Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Ireland
| | | | | | - Patrick Quille
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Tralee, Tralee, Ireland
| | - Shane O’Connell
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Tralee, Tralee, Ireland
- Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Xu R, Guo Y, Peng S, Liu J, Li P, Jia W, Zhao J. Molecular Targets and Biological Functions of cAMP Signaling in Arabidopsis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050688. [PMID: 34063698 PMCID: PMC8147800 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a pivotal signaling molecule existing in almost all living organisms. However, the mechanism of cAMP signaling in plants remains very poorly understood. Here, we employ the engineered activity of soluble adenylate cyclase to induce cellular cAMP elevation in Arabidopsis thaliana plants and identify 427 cAMP-responsive genes (CRGs) through RNA-seq analysis. Induction of cellular cAMP elevation inhibits seed germination, disturbs phytohormone contents, promotes leaf senescence, impairs ethylene response, and compromises salt stress tolerance and pathogen resistance. A set of 62 transcription factors are among the CRGs, supporting a prominent role of cAMP in transcriptional regulation. The CRGs are significantly overrepresented in the pathways of plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling, and diterpenoid biosynthesis, but they are also implicated in lipid, sugar, K+, nitrate signaling, and beyond. Our results provide a basic framework of cAMP signaling for the community to explore. The regulatory roles of cAMP signaling in plant plasticity are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruqiang Xu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (W.J.); (J.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0371-6778-5095
| | - Yanhui Guo
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (W.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Song Peng
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (W.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinrui Liu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (W.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Panyu Li
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (W.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wenjing Jia
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (W.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junheng Zhao
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (W.J.); (J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Lin Z, Guo C, Lou S, Jin S, Zeng W, Guo Y, Fang J, Xu Z, Zuo Z, Ma L. Functional analyses unveil the involvement of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) group I and II NIN-LIKE PROTEINS in nitrate signaling regulation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 306:110862. [PMID: 33775367 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For rapid growth, moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) requires large amounts of nutrients. Nitrate is an indispensable molecular signal to regulate nitrogen absorption and assimilation, which are regulated by group III NIN-LIKE PROTEINs (NLPs). However, no Phyllostachys edulis NLP (PeNLP) has been characterized. Here, eight PeNLPs were identified, which showed dynamic expression patterns in bamboo tissues. Nitrate did not affect PeNLP mRNA levels, and PeNLP1, -2, -5, -6, -7, and -8 successfully restored nitrate signaling in Arabidopsis atnlp7-1 protoplasts through recovering AtNiR and AtNRT2.1 expression. Four group I and II PeNLPs (PeNLP1, -2, -5, and -8) interacted with the nitrate-responsive cis-element of PeNiR. Moreover, nitrate triggered the nuclear retention of PeNLP8. PeNLP8 overexpression in Arabidopsis significantly increased the primary root length, lateral root number, leaf area, and dry and wet weight of the transgenic plants, and PeNLP8 expression rescued the root architectural defect phenotype of atnlp7-1 mutants. Interestingly, PeNLP8 overexpression dramatically reduced nitrate content but elevated total amino acid content in Arabidopsis. Overall, the present study unveiled the potential involvement of group I and II NLPs in nitrate signaling regulation and provided genetic resources for engineering plants with high nitrogen use efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zezhong Lin
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Cuiting Guo
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shuaitong Lou
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Songsong Jin
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weike Zeng
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivating Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Zhenguo Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Zecheng Zuo
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Liuyin Ma
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Preference of Proteomonas sulcata anion channelrhodopsin for NO 3- revealed using a pH electrode method. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7908. [PMID: 33846397 PMCID: PMC8041784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channel proteins are physiologically important molecules in living organisms. Their molecular functions have been investigated using electrophysiological methods, which enable quantitative, precise and advanced measurements and thus require complex instruments and experienced operators. For simpler and easier measurements, we measured the anion transport activity of light-gated anion channelrhodopsins (ACRs) using a pH electrode method, which has already been established for ion pump rhodopsins. Using that method, we successfully measured the anion transport activity and its dependence on the wavelength of light, i.e. its action spectra, and on the anion species, i.e. its selectivity or preference, of several ACRs expressed in yeast cells. In addition, we identified the strong anion transport activity and the preference for NO3− of an ACR from a marine cryptophyte algae Proteomonas sulcata, named PsuACR_353. Such a preference was discovered for the first time in microbial pump- or channel-type rhodopsins. Nitrate is one of the most stable forms of nitrogen and is used as a nitrogen source by most organisms including plants. Therefore, PsuACR_353 may play a role in NO3− transport and might take part in NO3−-related cellular functions in nature. Measurements of a mutant protein revealed that a Thr residue in the 3rd transmembrane helix, which corresponds to Cys102 in GtACR1, contributed to the preference for NO3−. These findings will be helpful to understand the mechanisms of anion transport, selectivity and preference of PsuACR_353.
Collapse
|
148
|
Fichtner F, Dissanayake IM, Lacombe B, Barbier F. Sugar and Nitrate Sensing: A Multi-Billion-Year Story. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:352-374. [PMID: 33281060 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sugars and nitrate play a major role in providing carbon and nitrogen in plants. Understanding how plants sense these nutrients is crucial, most notably for crop improvement. The mechanisms underlying sugar and nitrate sensing are complex and involve moonlighting proteins such as the nitrate transporter NRT1.1/NFP6.3 or the glycolytic enzyme HXK1. Major components of nutrient signaling, such as SnRK1, TOR, and HXK1, are relatively well conserved across eukaryotes, and the diversification of components such as the NRT1 family and the SWEET sugar transporters correlates with plant terrestrialization. In plants, Tre6P plays a hormone-like role in plant development. In addition, nutrient signaling has evolved to interact with the more recent hormone signaling, allowing fine-tuning of physiological and developmental responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fichtner
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Benoit Lacombe
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Francois Barbier
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Gautrat P, Laffont C, Frugier F, Ruffel S. Nitrogen Systemic Signaling: From Symbiotic Nodulation to Root Acquisition. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:392-406. [PMID: 33358560 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant nutrient acquisition is tightly regulated by resource availability and metabolic needs, implying the existence of communication between roots and shoots to ensure their integration at the whole-plant level. Here, we focus on systemic signaling pathways controlling nitrogen (N) nutrition, achieved both by the root import of mineral N and, in legume plants, through atmospheric N fixation by symbiotic bacteria inside dedicated root nodules. We explore features conserved between systemic pathways repressing or enhancing symbiotic N fixation and the regulation of mineral N acquisition by roots, as well as their integration with other environmental factors, such as phosphate, light, and CO2 availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gautrat
- IPS2 (Institute of Plant Sciences - Paris Saclay), CNRS, INRAe, Université Paris-Diderot, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carole Laffont
- IPS2 (Institute of Plant Sciences - Paris Saclay), CNRS, INRAe, Université Paris-Diderot, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florian Frugier
- IPS2 (Institute of Plant Sciences - Paris Saclay), CNRS, INRAe, Université Paris-Diderot, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Sandrine Ruffel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAe, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Li A, Hu B, Chu C. Epigenetic regulation of nitrogen and phosphorus responses in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 258-259:153363. [PMID: 33508741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two of the most important nutrients for plant growth and crop yields. In the last decade, plenty of studies have revealed the genetic factors and their regulatory networks which are involved in N and/or P uptake and utilization in different model plant species, especially in Arabidopsis and rice. However, increasing evidences have shown that epigenetic regulation also plays a vital role in modulating plant responses to nutrient availability. In this review, we make a brief summary of epigenetic regulation including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and other chromatin structure alterations in tuning N and P responses. We also give an outlook for future research directions to comprehensively dissect the involvement of epigenetic regulation in modulating nutrient response in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aifu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|