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Hernández-Pérez OR, Juárez-Navarro KJ, Diaz NF, Padilla-Camberos E, Beltran-Garcia MJ, Cardenas-Castrejon D, Corona-Perez H, Hernández-Jiménez C, Díaz-Martínez NE. Biomolecules resveratrol + coenzyme Q10 recover the cell state of human mesenchymal stem cells after 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced damage and improve proliferation and neural differentiation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:929590. [PMID: 36117620 PMCID: PMC9471188 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.929590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are a critical affection with a high incidence around the world. Currently, there are no effective treatments to solve this problem. However, the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and antioxidants in neurodegenerative diseases has shown to be a promising tool due to their multiple therapeutic effects. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of a combination of resveratrol (RSV) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the proliferation and differentiation of MSC and the protector effects in induced damage. To characterize the MSCs, we performed flow cytometry, protocols of cellular differentiation, and immunocytochemistry analysis. The impact of RSV + CoQ10 in proliferation was evaluated by supplementing 2.5 and 10 μM of RSV + CoQ10 in a cellular kinetic for 14 days. Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase levels (LDH) were also analyzed. The protective effect of RSV + CoQ10 was assessed by supplementing the treatment to damaged MSCs by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+); cellular viability, LDH, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated.. MSCs expressed the surface markers CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 and showed multipotential ability. The combination of RSV + CoQ10 increased the proliferation potential and cell viability and decreased LDH levels. In addition, it reverted the effect of MPP+-induced damage in MSCs to enhance cell viability and decrease LDH and ROS. Finally, RSV + CoQ10 promoted the differentiation of neural progenitors. The combination of RSV + CoQ10 represents a potential treatment to improve MSCs capacities and protect against neurodegenerative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar R. Hernández-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Karen J. Juárez-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Nestor F. Diaz
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Padilla-Camberos
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Miguel J. Beltran-Garcia
- Departamento de Biotecnológicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Néstor E. Díaz-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Néstor E. Díaz-Martínez,
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Tanaka M, Szabó Á, Spekker E, Polyák H, Tóth F, Vécsei L. Mitochondrial Impairment: A Common Motif in Neuropsychiatric Presentation? The Link to the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic System. Cells 2022; 11:2607. [PMID: 36010683 PMCID: PMC9406499 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly half a century has passed since the discovery of cytoplasmic inheritance of human chloramphenicol resistance. The inheritance was then revealed to take place maternally by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Later, a number of mutations in mtDNA were identified as a cause of severe inheritable metabolic diseases with neurological manifestation, and the impairment of mitochondrial functions has been probed in the pathogenesis of a wide range of illnesses including neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, a growing number of preclinical studies have revealed that animal behaviors are influenced by the impairment of mitochondrial functions and possibly by the loss of mitochondrial stress resilience. Indeed, as high as 54% of patients with one of the most common primary mitochondrial diseases, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome, present psychiatric symptoms including cognitive impairment, mood disorder, anxiety, and psychosis. Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles which produce cellular energy and play a major role in other cellular functions including homeostasis, cellular signaling, and gene expression, among others. Mitochondrial functions are observed to be compromised and to become less resilient under continuous stress. Meanwhile, stress and inflammation have been linked to the activation of the tryptophan (Trp)-kynurenine (KYN) metabolic system, which observably contributes to the development of pathological conditions including neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review discusses the functions of mitochondria and the Trp-KYN system, the interaction of the Trp-KYN system with mitochondria, and the current understanding of the involvement of mitochondria and the Trp-KYN system in preclinical and clinical studies of major neurological and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanaka
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szabó
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eleonóra Spekker
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Helga Polyák
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fanni Tóth
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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Alhowail A, Alsikhan R, Alsaud M, Aldubayan M, Rabbani SI. Protective Effects of Pioglitazone on Cognitive Impairment and the Underlying Mechanisms: A Review of Literature. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2919-2931. [PMID: 36068789 PMCID: PMC9441149 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s367229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Ahmad Alhowail, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel +9665672025858, Email
| | - Rawan Alsikhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Al Qassim, 51911, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - May Alsaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aldubayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Imam Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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104
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Qi JY, Yang LK, Wang XS, Wang M, Li XB, Feng B, Wu YM, Zhang K, Liu SB. Irisin: A promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroscience 2022; 498:289-299. [PMID: 35872251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of exercise on human brain function have been demonstrated in previous studies. Myokines secreted by muscle have attracted increasing attention because of their bridging role between exercise and brain health. Regulated by PPARγ coactivator 1α, fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 releases irisin after proteolytic cleavage. Irisin, a type of myokine, is secreted during exercise, which induces white adipose tissue browning and relates to energy metabolism. Recently, irisin has been shown to exert a protective effect on the central nervous system. Irisin secretion triggers an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus, contributing to the amelioration of cognition impairments. Irisin also plays an important role in the survival, differentiation, growth, and development of neurons. This review summarizes the role of irisin in neurodegenerative diseases and other neurological disorders. As a novel positive mediator of exercise in the brain, irisin may effectively prevent or decelerate the progress of neurodegenerative diseases in models and also improve cognitive functions. We place emphasis herein on the potential of irisin for prevention rather than treatment in neurodegenerative diseases. In ischemic diseases, irisin can alleviate the pathophysiological processes associated with stroke. Meanwhile, irisin has anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. The potential therapeutic effects of irisin in epilepsy and pain have been initially revealed. Due to the pleiotropic and beneficial properties of irisin, the possibility of irisin treating other neurological diseases could be gradually explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Liu-Kun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin-Shang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xu-Bo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ban Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Shui-Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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105
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Rani L, Ranjan Sahu M, Chandra Mondal A. Age-related Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: New Insights Into the Disease Pathology. Neuroscience 2022; 499:152-169. [PMID: 35839924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a progressive loss of physiological function that increases risk of disease and death. Among the many factors that contribute to human aging, mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as one of the most prominent features of the aging process. It has been linked to the development of various age-related pathologies, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondria has a complex quality control system that ensures mitochondrial integrity and function. Perturbations in these mitochondrial mechanisms have long been linked to various age-related neurological disorders. Even though research has shed light on several aspects of the disease pathology, the underlying mechanism of age-related factors responsible for individuals developing this disease is still unknown. This review article aims to discuss the role of mitochondria in the transition from normal brain aging to pathological brain aging, which leads to the progression of PD. We have discussed the emerging evidence on how age-related disruption of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms contributes to the development of PD-related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchi Rani
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Sahu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Prohibitins: A Key Link between Mitochondria and Nervous System Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7494863. [PMID: 35847581 PMCID: PMC9286927 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7494863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Prohibitins (PHBs) are conserved proteins in eukaryotic cells, which are mainly located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), cell nucleus, and cell membrane. PHBs play crucial roles in various cellular functions, including the cell cycle regulation, tumor suppression, immunoglobulin M receptor binding, and aging. In addition, recent in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that PHBs are important in nervous system diseases. PHBs can prevent apoptosis, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy in neurological disorders through different molecules and pathways, such as OPA-1, PINK1/Parkin, IL6/STAT3, Tau, NO, LC3, and TDP43. Therefore, PHBs show great promise in the protection of neurological disorders. This review summarizes the relevant studies on the relationship between PHBs and neurological disorders and provides an update on the molecular mechanisms of PHBs in nervous system diseases.
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107
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Nikolaeva NS, Yandulova EY, Aleksandrova YR, Starikov AS, Neganova ME. The Role of a Pathological Interaction between β-amyloid and Mitochondria in the Occurrence and Development of Alzheimer's Disease. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:19-34. [PMID: 36348714 PMCID: PMC9611857 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in existence. It is characterized by an impaired cognitive function that is due to a progressive loss of neurons in the brain. Extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques are the main pathological features of the disease. In addition to abnormal protein aggregation, increased mitochondrial fragmentation, altered expression of the genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, disruptions in the ER-mitochondria interaction, and mitophagy are observed. Reactive oxygen species are known to affect Aβ expression and aggregation. In turn, oligomeric and aggregated Aβ cause mitochondrial disorders. In this review, we summarize available knowledge about the pathological effects of Aβ on mitochondria and the potential molecular targets associated with proteinopathy and mitochondrial dysfunction for the pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. S. Nikolaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - E. Yu. Yandulova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - Yu. R. Aleksandrova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - A. S. Starikov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - M. E. Neganova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
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108
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Zhao J, Wang X, Huo Z, Chen Y, Liu J, Zhao Z, Meng F, Su Q, Bao W, Zhang L, Wen S, Wang X, Liu H, Zhou S. The Impact of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132049. [PMID: 35805131 PMCID: PMC9265651 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and highly fatal neurodegenerative disease. Although the pathogenesis of ALS remains unclear, increasing evidence suggests that a key contributing factor is mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are organelles in eukaryotic cells responsible for bioenergy production, cellular metabolism, signal transduction, calcium homeostasis, and immune responses and the stability of their function plays a crucial role in neurons. A single disorder or defect in mitochondrial function can lead to pathological changes in cells, such as an impaired calcium buffer period, excessive generation of free radicals, increased mitochondrial membrane permeability, and oxidative stress (OS). Recent research has also shown that these mitochondrial dysfunctions are also associated with pathological changes in ALS and are believed to be commonly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. This article reviews the latest research on mitochondrial dysfunction and its impact on the progression of ALS, with specific attention to the potential of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.M.); (Q.S.); (W.B.)
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.M.); (Q.S.); (W.B.)
| | - Zijun Huo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.M.); (Q.S.); (W.B.)
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.M.); (Q.S.); (W.B.)
| | - Jinmeng Liu
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhenhan Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.M.); (Q.S.); (W.B.)
| | - Fandi Meng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.M.); (Q.S.); (W.B.)
| | - Qi Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.M.); (Q.S.); (W.B.)
| | - Weiwei Bao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.M.); (Q.S.); (W.B.)
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Shuang Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261061, China;
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Huancai Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261061, China;
- Correspondence: (H.L.); or (S.Z.)
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (H.L.); or (S.Z.)
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109
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Bülow P, Segal M, Bassell GJ. Mechanisms Driving the Emergence of Neuronal Hyperexcitability in Fragile X Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116315. [PMID: 35682993 PMCID: PMC9181819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperexcitability is a shared neurophysiological phenotype across various genetic neurodevelopmental disorders, including Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Several patient symptoms are associated with hyperexcitability, but a puzzling feature is that their onset is often delayed until their second and third year of life. It remains unclear how and why hyperexcitability emerges in neurodevelopmental disorders. FXS is caused by the loss of FMRP, an RNA-binding protein which has many critical roles including protein synthesis-dependent and independent regulation of ion channels and receptors, as well as global regulation of protein synthesis. Here, we discussed recent literature uncovering novel mechanisms that may drive the progressive onset of hyperexcitability in the FXS brain. We discussed in detail how recent publications have highlighted defects in homeostatic plasticity, providing new insight on the FXS brain and suggest pharmacotherapeutic strategies in FXS and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Bülow
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (G.J.B.)
| | - Menahem Segal
- Department of Brain Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Gary J. Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (G.J.B.)
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Mendes D, Peixoto F, Oliveira MM, Andrade PB, Videira RA. Mitochondria research and neurodegenerative diseases: on the track to understanding the biological world of high complexity. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:67-79. [PMID: 35623557 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
From the simple unicellular eukaryote to the highly complex multicellular organism like Human, mitochondrion emerges as a ubiquitous player to ensure the organism's functionality. It is popularly known as "the powerhouse of the cell" by its key role in ATP generation. However, our understanding of the physiological relevance of mitochondria is being challenged by data obtained in different fields. In this review, a short history of the mitochondria research field is presented, stressing the findings and questions that allowed the knowledge advances, and put mitochondrion as the main player of safeguarding organism life as well as a key to solve the puzzle of the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mendes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Francisco Peixoto
- Chemistry Center - Vila Real (CQ-VR), Biological and Environment Department, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria M Oliveira
- Chemistry Center - Vila Real (CQ-VR), Chemistry Department, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Romeu A Videira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
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111
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Zhang Q, Yang T, Li D, Ma M, Liang X, Ma Z, Ye Q, Yang H, Li M, Qu A, Chen Y. The synergistic effect of
Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels
and
Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC
. on antioxidant activity and protective ability against cell injury. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14196. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Zhang
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Singwong Asia Pacific and Jinan University Joint R & D Center Guangzhou China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Singwong Asia Pacific and Jinan University Joint R & D Center Guangzhou China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Singwong Asia Pacific and Jinan University Joint R & D Center Guangzhou China
| | - Mengyu Ma
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Zixing Ma
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Qianglong Ye
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Hantao Yang
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Minghui Li
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Ailan Qu
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Singwong Asia Pacific and Jinan University Joint R & D Center Guangzhou China
| | - Yao Chen
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
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112
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Kus F, Smolenski RT, Tomczyk M. Inorganic Polyphosphate-Regulator of Cellular Metabolism in Homeostasis and Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:913. [PMID: 35453663 PMCID: PMC9031883 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), a simple anionic polymer consisting of even hundreds of orthophosphate units, is a universal molecule present in both simple and complex organisms. PolyP controls homeostatic processes in animals, such as blood coagulation, tissue regeneration, and energy metabolism. Furthermore, this polymer is a potent regulator of inflammation and influences host immune response in bacterial and viral infections. Disturbed polyP systems have been related to several pathological conditions, including neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer, but we lack a full understanding of polyP biogenesis and mechanistic insights into the pathways through which polyP may act. This review summarizes recent studies that describe the role of polyP in cell homeostasis and show how disturbances in polyP levels may lead to disease. Based on the collected findings, we highlight the possible usage of this polymer as a promising therapeutic tool in multiple pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kus
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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113
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Curcumae Radix Decreases Neurodegenerative Markers through Glycolysis Decrease and TCA Cycle Activation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081587. [PMID: 35458149 PMCID: PMC9024545 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are being increasingly studied owing to the increasing proportion of the aging population. Several potential compounds are examined to prevent neurodegenerative diseases, including Curcumae radix, which is known to be beneficial for inflammatory conditions, metabolic syndrome, and various types of pain. However, it is not well studied, and its influence on energy metabolism in ND is unclear. We focused on the relationship between ND and energy metabolism using Curcumae radix extract (CRE) in cells and animal models. We monitored neurodegenerative markers and metabolic indicators using Western blotting and qRT-PCR and then assessed cellular glycolysis and metabolic flux assays. The levels of Alzheimer’s disease-related markers in mouse brains were reduced after treatment with the CRE. We confirmed that neurodegenerative markers decreased in the cerebrum and brain tumor cells following low endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers. Furthermore, glycolysis related genes and the extracellular acidification rate decreased after treatment with the CRE. Interestingly, we found that the CRE exposed mouse brain and cells had increased mitochondrial Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) related genes in the CRE group. Curcumae radix may act as a metabolic modulator of brain health and help treat and prevent ND involving mitochondrial dysfunction.
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114
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Faria-Pereira A, Morais VA. Synapses: The Brain's Energy-Demanding Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3627. [PMID: 35408993 PMCID: PMC8998888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is one of the most energy-consuming organs in the mammalian body, and synaptic transmission is one of the major contributors. To meet these energetic requirements, the brain primarily uses glucose, which can be metabolized through glycolysis and/or mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The relevance of these two energy production pathways in fulfilling energy at presynaptic terminals has been the subject of recent studies. In this review, we dissect the balance of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to meet synaptic energy demands in both resting and stimulation conditions. Besides ATP output needs, mitochondria at synapse are also important for calcium buffering and regulation of reactive oxygen species. These two mitochondrial-associated pathways, once hampered, impact negatively on neuronal homeostasis and synaptic activity. Therefore, as mitochondria assume a critical role in synaptic homeostasis, it is becoming evident that the synaptic mitochondria population possesses a distinct functional fingerprint compared to other brain mitochondria. Ultimately, dysregulation of synaptic bioenergetics through glycolytic and mitochondrial dysfunctions is increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, as one of the first hallmarks in several of these diseases are synaptic energy deficits, followed by synapse degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa A. Morais
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal;
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115
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Wang R, Wu Y, Liu R, Liu M, Li Q, Ba Y, Huang H. Deciphering therapeutic options for neurodegenerative diseases: insights from SIRT1. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:537-553. [PMID: 35275221 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +)-dependent protein deacetylase that exerts biological effects through nucleoplasmic transfer. Recent studies have highlighted that SIRT1 deacetylates protein substrates to exert its neuroprotective effects, including decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory, increases autophagy, increases levels of nerve growth factors (correlated with behavioral changes), and maintains neural integrity (affects neuronal development and function) in aging or neurological disorder. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective role of SIRT1 in modulating neurodegeneration, focusing on protein homeostasis, aging-related signaling pathways, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Meanwhile, the potential of targeting SIRT1 to block the occurrence and progression of neurodegenerative diseases is also discussed. Taken together, this review provides an up-to-date evaluation of our current understanding of the neuroprotective mechanisms of SIRT1 and also be involved in the potential therapeutic opportunities of AD and related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruike Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Rundong Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mengchen Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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116
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Rahul, Siddique YH. Drosophila: A Model to Study the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:259-277. [PMID: 35040399 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210809120621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human Central Nervous System (CNS) is the complex part of the human body, which regulates multiple cellular and molecular events taking place simultaneously. Parkinsons Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pathological hallmarks of PD are loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantianigra (SN) pars compacta (SNpc) and accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein, in intra-cytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies (LBs). So far, there is no cure for PD, due to the complexities of molecular mechanisms and events taking place during the pathogenesis of PD. Drosophila melanogaster is an appropriate model organism to unravel the pathogenicity not only behind PD but also other NDs. In this context as numerous biological functions are preserved between Drosophila and humans. Apart from sharing 75% of human disease-causing genes homolog in Drosophila, behavioral responses like memory-based tests, negative geotaxis, courtship and mating are also well studied. The genetic, as well as environmental factors, can be studied in Drosophila to understand the geneenvironment interactions behind the disease condition. Through genetic manipulation, mutant flies can be generated harboring human orthologs, which can prove to be an excellent model to understand the effect of the mutant protein on the pathogenicity of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh,India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh,India
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117
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Fagbadebo FO, Kaiser PD, Zittlau K, Bartlick N, Wagner TR, Froehlich T, Jarjour G, Nueske S, Scholz A, Traenkle B, Macek B, Rothbauer U. A Nanobody-Based Toolset to Monitor and Modify the Mitochondrial GTPase Miro1. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:835302. [PMID: 35359597 PMCID: PMC8960383 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.835302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM)-anchored GTPase Miro1, is a central player in mitochondrial transport and homeostasis. The dysregulation of Miro1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) suggests that Miro1 may be a potential biomarker or drug target in neuronal disorders. However, the molecular functionality of Miro1 under (patho-) physiological conditions is poorly known. For a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular functions of Miro1, we have developed Miro1-specific nanobodies (Nbs) as novel research tools. We identified seven Nbs that bind either the N- or C-terminal GTPase domain of Miro1 and demonstrate their application as research tools for proteomic and imaging approaches. To visualize the dynamics of Miro1 in real time, we selected intracellularly functional Nbs, which we reformatted into chromobodies (Cbs) for time-lapse imaging of Miro1. By genetic fusion to an Fbox domain, these Nbs were further converted into Miro1-specific degrons and applied for targeted degradation of Miro1 in live cells. In summary, this study presents a collection of novel Nbs that serve as a toolkit for advanced biochemical and intracellular studies and modulations of Miro1, thereby contributing to the understanding of the functional role of Miro1 in disease-derived model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp D. Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Zittlau
- Quantitative Proteomics, Department of Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natascha Bartlick
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Teresa R. Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Froehlich
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Grace Jarjour
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Nueske
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Armin Scholz
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Boris Macek
- Quantitative Proteomics, Department of Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulrich Rothbauer,
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118
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Adedara AO, Babalola AD, Stephano F, Awogbindin IO, Olopade JO, Rocha JBT, Whitworth AJ, Abolaji AO. An assessment of the rescue action of resveratrol in parkin loss of function-induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3922. [PMID: 35273283 PMCID: PMC8913626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in parkin is associated with onset of juvenile Parkinson's disease (PD). Resveratrol is a polyphenolic stilbene with neuroprotective activity. Here, we evaluated the rescue action of resveratrol in parkin mutant D. melanogaster. The control flies (w1118) received diet-containing 2% ethanol (vehicle), while the PD flies received diets-containing resveratrol (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg diet) for 21 days to assess survival rate. Consequently, similar treatments were carried out for 10 days to evaluate locomotor activity, oxidative stress and antioxidant markers. We also determined mRNA levels of Superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1, an antioxidant gene) and ple, which encodes tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting step in dopamine synthesis. Our data showed that resveratrol improved survival rate and climbing activity of PD flies compared to untreated PD flies. Additionally, resveratrol protected against decreased activities of acetylcholinesterase and catalase and levels of non-protein thiols and total thiols displayed by PD flies. Moreover, resveratrol mitigated against parkin mutant-induced accumulations of hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. Resveratrol attenuated downregulation of ple and Sod1 and reduction in mitochondrial fluorescence intensity displayed by PD flies. Overall, resveratrol alleviated oxidative stress and locomotor deficit associated with parkin loss-of-function mutation and therefore might be useful for the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola O Adedara
- Drosophila Laboratory, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayoade D Babalola
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Flora Stephano
- Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ifeoluwa O Awogbindin
- Drosophila Laboratory, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - James O Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - João B T Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, R/S, Camobi, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Amos O Abolaji
- Drosophila Laboratory, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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119
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Mullany S, Marshall H, Zhou T, Thomson D, Schmidt JM, Qassim A, Knight LSW, Hollitt G, Berry EC, Nguyen T, To MS, Dimasi D, Kuot A, Dubowsky J, Fogarty R, Sun M, Chehade L, Kuruvilla S, Supramaniam D, Breen J, Sharma S, Landers J, Lake S, Mills RA, Hassall MM, Chan WO, Klebe S, Souzeau E, Siggs OM, Craig JE. RNA Sequencing of Lens Capsular Epithelium Implicates Novel Pathways in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:26. [PMID: 35348588 PMCID: PMC8982629 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.3.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a common systemic disease that results in severe and often irreversible vision loss. Despite considerable research effort, PEX remains incompletely understood. This study sought to perform the first RNAseq study in elucidate the pathophysiology of PEX, and contribute a publicly available transcriptomic data resource for future research. Methods Human ocular lens capsular epithelium samples were collected from 25 patients with PEX and 39 non-PEX controls undergoing cataract surgery. RNA extracted from these specimens was subjected to polyadenylated (mRNA) selection and deep bulk RNA sequencing. Differential expression analysis investigated protein-coding gene transcripts. Exploratory analyses used pathway analysis tools, and curated class- and disease-specific gene sets. Results Differential expression analysis demonstrated that 2882 genes were differentially expressed according to PEX status. Genes associated with viral gene expression pathways were among the most upregulated, alongside genes encoding ribosomal and mitochondrial respiratory transport chain proteins. Cell adhesion protein transcripts including type 4 collagen subunits were downregulated. Conclusions This comparative transcriptomic dataset highlights novel and previously recognized pathogenic pathways in PEX and provides the first comprehensive transcriptomic resource, adding an additional layer to build further understanding of PEX pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Mullany
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Henry Marshall
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tiger Zhou
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Daniel Thomson
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Joshua M Schmidt
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ayub Qassim
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lachlan S W Knight
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Georgina Hollitt
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ella C Berry
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Thi Nguyen
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Minh-Son To
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David Dimasi
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Abraham Kuot
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Joshua Dubowsky
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rhys Fogarty
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michelle Sun
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Luke Chehade
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shilpa Kuruvilla
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Devaraj Supramaniam
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James Breen
- SAHMRI Bioinformatics Core, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shiwani Sharma
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John Landers
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stewart Lake
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Richard A Mills
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark M Hassall
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Weng O Chan
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Flinders Department of Pathology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Owen M Siggs
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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120
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Zhang Y, Chen L, Luo Y, Wang K, Liu X, Xiao Z, Zhao G, Yao Y, Lu Z. Pink1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy Regulated the Apoptosis of Dendritic Cells in Sepsis. Inflammation 2022; 45:1374-1387. [PMID: 35129770 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are vital antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the immune system, whose apoptosis is closely related to the development of sepsis. Mitophagy is one of the necessary forms of selective autophagy that removes damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria to regulate immunity and inflammation. However, its effect on the apoptosis of DC in sepsis remains unknown. Here, we showed that sepsis activated the apoptosis and mitophagy of DC, and mitophagy had an anti-apoptotic effect on sepsis-induced DC apoptosis. In this study, we used cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to simulate the pathophysiological state of sepsis. Apoptosis and mitophagy of DC were significantly enhanced in CPL mice compared with controls, and in the Pink1-KO (Pink1-knockout) mice CLP model, the level of apoptosis in DC was further increased while the level of mitophagy was decreased. In addition, more severe mitochondrial dysfunction was exhibited in DC of Pink1-KO mice CLP model compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The results suggest that Pink1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is activated during sepsis and has an anti-apoptotic effect on DC, which regulates immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longwang Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinan Luo
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhong Xiao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency & Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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121
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Long-lived mitochondrial proteins and why they exist. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:646-654. [PMID: 35221146 PMCID: PMC9288422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular long-lived proteins (LLPs) provide structural support for several highly stable protein complexes and assemblies that play essential roles in ensuring cellular homeostasis and function. Recently, mitochondrial long-lived proteins (mt-LLPs) were discovered within inner mitochondria membranes (IMMs) and cristae invagination in tissues with old postmitotic cells. This observation is at odds with the fact that mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that are continually remodeled through processes of fission, fusion, biogenesis, and multiple quality control pathways. In this opinion article, we propose that a subset of the mitochondrial proteome persists over long time frames and these mt-LLPs provide key structural support for the lifelong maintenance of mitochondrial structure.
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Peze-Heidsieck E, Bonnifet T, Znaidi R, Ravel-Godreuil C, Massiani-Beaudoin O, Joshi RL, Fuchs J. Retrotransposons as a Source of DNA Damage in Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:786897. [PMID: 35058771 PMCID: PMC8764243 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.786897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), still remains elusive and no curative treatment is available. Age is the major risk factor for PD and AD, but the molecular link between aging and neurodegeneration is not fully understood. Aging is defined by several hallmarks, some of which partially overlap with pathways implicated in NDs. Recent evidence suggests that aging-associated epigenetic alterations can lead to the derepression of the LINE-1 (Long Interspersed Element-1) family of transposable elements (TEs) and that this derepression might have important implications in the pathogenesis of NDs. Almost half of the human DNA is composed of repetitive sequences derived from TEs and TE mobility participated in shaping the mammalian genomes during evolution. Although most TEs are mutated and no longer mobile, more than 100 LINE-1 elements have retained their full coding potential in humans and are thus retrotransposition competent. Uncontrolled activation of TEs has now been reported in various models of neurodegeneration and in diseased human brain tissues. We will discuss in this review the potential contribution of LINE-1 elements in inducing DNA damage and genomic instability, which are emerging pathological features in NDs. TEs might represent an important molecular link between aging and neurodegeneration, and a potential target for urgently needed novel therapeutic disease-modifying interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julia Fuchs
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), CNRS, INSERM, Collège de France, Université PSL, Paris, France
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123
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Vera DB, Fredes AN, Garrido MP, Romero C. Role of Mitochondria in Interplay between NGF/TRKA, miR-145 and Possible Therapeutic Strategies for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:life12010008. [PMID: 35054401 PMCID: PMC8779980 DOI: 10.3390/life12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological neoplasm, and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) accounts for 90% of ovarian malignancies. The 5-year survival is less than 45%, and, unlike other types of cancer, the proportion of women who die from this disease has not improved in recent decades. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and tropomyosin kinase A (TRKA), its high-affinity receptor, play a crucial role in pathogenesis through cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and migration. NGF/TRKA increase their expression during the progression of EOC by upregulation of oncogenic proteins as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and c-Myc. Otherwise, the expression of most oncoproteins is regulated by microRNAs (miRs). Our laboratory group reported that the tumoral effect of NGF/TRKA depends on the regulation of miR-145 levels in EOC. Currently, mitochondria have been proposed as new therapeutic targets to activate the apoptotic pathway in the cancer cell. The mitochondria are involved in a myriad of functions as energy production, redox control, homeostasis of Ca+2, and cell death. We demonstrated that NGF stimulation produces an augment in the Bcl-2/BAX ratio, which supports the anti-apoptotic effects of NGF in EOC cells. The review aimed to discuss the role of mitochondria in the interplay between NGF/TRKA and miR-145 and possible therapeutic strategies that may decrease mortality due to EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela B. Vera
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.B.V.); (A.N.F.)
| | - Allison N. Fredes
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.B.V.); (A.N.F.)
| | - Maritza P. Garrido
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.B.V.); (A.N.F.)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Departament, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.P.G.); (C.R.)
| | - Carmen Romero
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.B.V.); (A.N.F.)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Departament, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.P.G.); (C.R.)
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124
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The role of protein acetylation in regulating mitochondrial fusion and fission. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2807-2819. [PMID: 34812890 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic processes of mitochondrial fusion and fission determine the shape of mitochondria, which can range from individual fragments to a hyperfused network, and influence mitochondrial function. Changes in mitochondrial shape can occur rapidly, allowing mitochondria to adapt to specific cues and changing cellular demands. Here, we will review what is known about how key proteins required for mitochondrial fusion and fission are regulated by their acetylation status, with acetylation promoting fission and deacetylation enhancing fusion. In particular, we will examine the roles of NAD+ dependant sirtuin deacetylases, which mediate mitochondrial acetylation, and how this post-translational modification provides an exquisite regulatory mechanism to co-ordinate mitochondrial function with metabolic demands of the cell.
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125
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Neuroprotective Effect of Clobenpropit against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cognitive Deficits via Attenuating Neuroinflammation and Enhancing Mitochondrial Functions in Mice. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121617. [PMID: 34942919 PMCID: PMC8699680 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clobenpropit (CLO), an antagonist on histamine H3 receptors (HH3R), has been shown to protect NMDA-induced neuronal necrosis in cortical neuronal cell culture from rats. In this work, we explored its potential on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced memory deficits, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice. CLO (1 and 3 mg/kg, p.o.) was treated continually for 30 days, and neurotoxicity was induced by four doses of LPS (250 µg/kg, i.p.). The radial arm maze (RAM) was used to access memory behaviors. After the REM test, brain tissue was collected from each mouse to estimate pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL6), anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β1 and IL-10), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX 2), and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRCC- I, II and IV) enzymes. CLO treatment reversed the LPS-induced behavioral deficits by a significant reduction in time taken to consume all five bites (TTB), working memory error (WME), and reference memory error (REM) in the REM test. Regarding neuroinflammation, it attenuated the release of COX, TNF-α, and IL-6, and augmented TGF-β1 and IL-10 levels in the brain. Reversal of LPS-induced brain MRCC (I, II, and IV) levels also resulted with CLO treatment. From these findings, CLO promises neuroprotection against LPS-induced cognitive deficits by ameliorating neuroinflammation and restoring the MRCC enzymes in mice.
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126
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Shaw GA. Mitochondria as the target for disease related hormonal dysregulation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100350. [PMID: 34746877 PMCID: PMC8554460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role in the synthesis of steroid hormones, including the sex hormone estrogen. Sex-specific regulation of these hormones is important for phenotypic development and downstream, sex-specific activational effects in both brain and behavior. First, mitochondrial contribution to the synthesis of estrogen, followed by a discussion of the signaling interactions between estrogen and the mitochondria will be reviewed. Next, disorders with an established sex difference related to aging, mood, and cognition will be examined. Finally, review of mitochondria as a biomarker of disease and data supporting efforts in targeting mitochondria as a therapeutic target for the amelioration of these disorders will be discussed. Taken together, this review aims to assess the influence of E2 on mitochondrial function within the brain via exploration of E2-ER interactions within neural mitochondria and how they may act to influence the development and presentation of neurodegenerative and neurocognitive diseases with known sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys A. Shaw
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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127
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Saeger HN, Olson DE. Psychedelic-inspired approaches for treating neurodegenerative disorders. J Neurochem 2021; 162:109-127. [PMID: 34816433 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Psychedelics are increasingly being recognized for their potential to treat a wide range of brain disorders including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorder. Their broad therapeutic potential might result from an ability to rescue cortical atrophy common to many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases by impacting neurotrophic factor gene expression, activating neuronal growth and survival mechanisms, and modulating the immune system. While the therapeutic potential of psychedelics has not yet been extended to neurodegenerative disorders, we provide evidence suggesting that approaches based on psychedelic science might prove useful for treating these diseases. The primary target of psychedelics, the 5-HT2A receptor, plays key roles in cortical neuron health and is dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, evidence suggests that psychedelics and related compounds could prove useful for treating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). While more research is needed to probe the effects of psychedelics in models of neurodegenerative diseases, the robust effects of these compounds on structural and functional neuroplasticity and inflammation clearly warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah N Saeger
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - David E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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128
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Malard E, Valable S, Bernaudin M, Pérès E, Chatre L. The Reactive Species Interactome in the Brain. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1176-1206. [PMID: 34498917 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Redox pioneer Helmut Sies attempted to explain reactive species' challenges faced by organelles, cells, tissues, and organs via three complementary definitions: (i) oxidative stress, that is, the disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant defense balance in favor of the prooxidants; (ii) oxidative eustress, the low physiological exposure to prooxidants; and (iii) oxidative distress, the supraphysiological exposure to prooxidants. Recent Advances: Identification, concentration, and interactions are the most important elements to improve our understanding of reactive species in physiology and pathology. In this context, the reactive species interactome (RSI) is a new multilevel redox regulatory system that identifies reactive species families, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species, and it integrates their interactions with their downstream biological targets. Critical Issues: We propose a united view to fully combine reactive species identification, oxidative eustress and distress, and the RSI system. In this view, we also propose including the forgotten reactive carbonyl species, an increasingly rediscovered reactive species family related to the other reactive families, and key enzymes within the RSI. We focus on brain physiology and pathology to demonstrate why this united view should be considered. Future Directions: More studies are needed for an improved understanding of the contributions of reactive species through their identification, concentration, and interactions, including in the brain. Appreciating the RSI in its entirety should unveil new molecular players and mechanisms in physiology and pathology in the brain and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Malard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Elodie Pérès
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Chatre
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
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129
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Palikaras K, Achanta K, Choi S, Akbari M, Bohr VA. Alteration of mitochondrial homeostasis is an early event in a C. elegans model of human tauopathy. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23876-23894. [PMID: 34751671 PMCID: PMC8610126 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies are a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the presence of insoluble intracellular tau filaments in the brain. Evidence suggests that there is a tight connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease. However, whether mitochondrial dysfunction occurs prior to the detection of tau aggregates in tauopathies remains elusive. Here, we utilized transgenic nematodes expressing the full length of wild type tau in neuronal cells and monitored mitochondrial morphology alterations over time. Although tau-expressing nematodes did not accumulate detectable levels of tau aggregates during larval stages, they displayed increased mitochondrial damage and locomotion defects compared to the control worms. Chelating calcium restored mitochondrial activity and improved motility in the tau-expressing larvae suggesting a link between mitochondrial damage, calcium homeostasis and neuronal impairment in these animals. Our findings suggest that defective mitochondrial function is an early pathogenic event of tauopathies, taking place before tau aggregation and undermining neuronal homeostasis and organismal fitness. Understanding the molecular mechanisms causing mitochondrial dysfunction early in tauopathy will be of significant clinical and therapeutic value and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Palikaras
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kavya Achanta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seoyun Choi
- DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mansour Akbari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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130
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Targetable Pathways for Alleviating Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration of Metabolic and Non-Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111444. [PMID: 34768878 PMCID: PMC8583882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative and inherited metabolic diseases frequently compromise nervous system function, and mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated as key events leading to neurodegeneration. Mitochondria are essential for neuronal function; however, these organelles are major sources of endogenous reactive oxygen species and are vulnerable targets for oxidative stress-induced damage. The brain is very susceptible to oxidative damage due to its high metabolic demand and low antioxidant defence systems, therefore minimal imbalances in the redox state can result in an oxidative environment that favours tissue damage and activates neuroinflammatory processes. Mitochondrial-associated molecular pathways are often compromised in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration, including the parkin/PINK1, Nrf2, PGC1α, and PPARγ pathways. Impairments to these signalling pathways consequently effect the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria, which has been suggested as contributing to the development of neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial dysfunction prevention has become an attractive therapeutic target, and there are several molecular pathways that can be pharmacologically targeted to remove damaged mitochondria by inducing mitochondrial biogenesis or mitophagy, as well as increasing the antioxidant capacity of the brain, in order to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and prevent the development and progression of neurodegeneration in these disorders. Compounds such as natural polyphenolic compounds, bioactive quinones, and Nrf2 activators have been reported in the literature as novel therapeutic candidates capable of targeting defective mitochondrial pathways in order to improve mitochondrial function and reduce the severity of neurodegeneration in these disorders.
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131
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Wu F, Liu Z, Li G, Zhou L, Huang K, Wu Z, Zhan R, Shen J. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Potential Targets for Improving Prognosis After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:739506. [PMID: 34630043 PMCID: PMC8497759 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.739506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has a high mortality rate and causes long-term disability in many patients, often associated with cognitive impairment. However, the pathogenesis of delayed brain dysfunction after SAH is not fully understood. A growing body of evidence suggests that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play a negative role in neurofunctional deficits. Red blood cells and hemoglobin, immune cells, proinflammatory cytokines, and peroxidases are directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the central nervous system after SAH. This review explores the role of various cellular and acellular components in secondary inflammation and oxidative stress after SAH, and aims to provide new ideas for clinical treatment to improve the prognosis of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongchi Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ganglei Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyuan Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanxiong Wu
- College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renya Zhan
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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132
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Page MJ, Pretorius E. Platelet Behavior Contributes to Neuropathologies: A Focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 48:382-404. [PMID: 34624913 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The functions of platelets are broad. Platelets function in hemostasis and thrombosis, inflammation and immune responses, vascular regulation, and host defense against invading pathogens, among others. These actions are achieved through the release of a wide set of coagulative, vascular, inflammatory, and other factors as well as diverse cell surface receptors involved in the same activities. As active participants in these physiological processes, platelets become involved in signaling pathways and pathological reactions that contribute to diseases that are defined by inflammation (including by pathogen-derived stimuli), vascular dysfunction, and coagulation. These diseases include Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, the two most common neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their unique pathological and clinical features, significant shared pathological processes exist between these two conditions, particularly relating to a central inflammatory mechanism involving both neuroinflammation and inflammation in the systemic environment, but also neurovascular dysfunction and coagulopathy, processes which also share initiation factors and receptors. This triad of dysfunction-(neuro)inflammation, neurovascular dysfunction, and hypercoagulation-illustrates the important roles platelets play in neuropathology. Although some mechanisms are understudied in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, a strong case can be made for the relevance of platelets in neurodegeneration-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, South Africa
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133
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Chidambaram SB, Essa MM, Rathipriya AG, Bishir M, Ray B, Mahalakshmi AM, Tousif AH, Sakharkar MK, Kashyap RS, Friedland RP, Monaghan TM. Gut dysbiosis, defective autophagy and altered immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases: Tales of a vicious cycle. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107988. [PMID: 34536490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiota comprises trillions of symbiotic microorganisms and is involved in regulating gastrointestinal (GI), immune, nervous system and metabolic homeostasis. Recent observations suggest a bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain via immune, circulatory and neural pathways, termed the Gut-Brain Axis (GBA). Alterations in gut microbiota composition, such as seen with an increased number of pathobionts and a decreased number of symbionts, termed gut dysbiosis or microbial intestinal dysbiosis, plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. Clinical reports confirm that GI symptoms often precede neurological symptoms several years before the development of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Pathologically, gut dysbiosis disrupts the integrity of the intestinal barrier leading to ingress of pathobionts and toxic metabolites into the systemic circulation causing GBA dysregulation. Subsequently, chronic neuroinflammation via dysregulated immune activation triggers the accumulation of neurotoxic misfolded proteins in and around CNS cells resulting in neuronal death. Emerging evidence links gut dysbiosis to the aggravation and/or spread of proteinopathies from the peripheral nervous system to the CNS and defective autophagy-mediated proteinopathies. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in NDDs, and highlights a vicious cycle of gut dysbiosis, immune-mediated chronic neuroinflammation, impaired autophagy and proteinopathies, which contributes to the development of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. We also discuss novel therapeutic strategies targeting the modulation of gut dysbiosis through prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics or dietary interventions, and faecal microbial transplantation (FMT) in the management of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India.
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Pacific, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - A G Rathipriya
- Food and Brain Research Foundation, Chennai 600 094, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muhammed Bishir
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India
| | - Arehally M Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India
| | - A H Tousif
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India
| | - Meena K Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Rajpal Singh Kashyap
- Research Centre, Dr G. M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Robert P Friedland
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Tanya M Monaghan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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134
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Rey F, Ottolenghi S, Zuccotti GV, Samaja M, Carelli S. Mitochondrial dysfunctions in neurodegenerative diseases: role in disease pathogenesis, strategies for analysis and therapeutic prospects. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:754-758. [PMID: 34472461 PMCID: PMC8530118 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.322430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fundamental organelles that occur in every cell type with the exception of mammal erythrocytes, the mitochondria are required for multiple pivotal processes that include the production of biological energy, the biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species, the control of calcium homeostasis, and the triggering of cell death. The disruption of anyone of these processes has been shown to impact strongly the function of all cells, but especially of neurons. In this review, we discuss the role of the mitochondria impairment in the development of the neurodegenerative diseases Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. We highlight how mitochondria disruption revolves around the processes that underlie the mitochondria's life cycle: fusion, fission, production of reactive oxygen species and energy failure. Both genetic and sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases are unavoidably accompanied with and often caused by the dysfunction in one or more of the key mitochondrial processes. Therefore, in order to get in depth insights into their health status in neurodegenerative diseases, we need to focus into innovative strategies aimed at characterizing the various mitochondrial processes. Current techniques include Mitostress, Mitotracker, transmission electron microscopy, oxidative stress assays along with expression measurement of the proteins that maintain the mitochondrial health. We will also discuss a panel of approaches aimed at mitigating the mitochondrial dysfunction. These include canonical drugs, natural compounds, supplements, lifestyle interventions and innovative approaches as mitochondria transplantation and gene therapy. In conclusion, because mitochondria are fundamental organelles necessary for virtually all the cell functions and are severely impaired in neurodegenerative diseases, it is critical to develop novel methods to measure the mitochondrial state, and novel therapeutic strategies aimed at improving their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rey
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan; Paediatric Clinical Research Centre Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan; Paediatric Clinical Research Centre Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milano; Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital "V. Buzzi", Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan; Paediatric Clinical Research Centre Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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135
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Hernández-Juárez C, Flores-Cruz R, Jiménez-Sánchez A. Fluorescent probe for early mitochondrial voltage dynamics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5526-5529. [PMID: 33956917 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01944a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial voltage dynamics plays a crucial role in cell healthy and disease. Here, a new fluorescent probe to monitor mitochondrial early voltage variations is described. The slowly permeant probe is retained in mitochondria during measurements to avoid interferences from natural membrane potential by incorporating an hydrolizable ester function. Voltage, local polarity, pH parameters and transmembrane dynamics were found to be deeply correlated opening a approach in mitochondrial sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Hernández-Juárez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n, De. Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo Flores-Cruz
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n, De. Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Arturo Jiménez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n, De. Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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136
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miR-302 Attenuates Mutant Huntingtin-Induced Cytotoxicity through Restoration of Autophagy and Insulin Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168424. [PMID: 34445125 PMCID: PMC8395150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant brain disorder caused by mutant huntingtin (mHtt). Although the detailed mechanisms remain unclear, the mutational expansion of polyglutamine in mHtt is proposed to induce protein aggregates and neuronal toxicity. Previous studies have shown that the decreased insulin sensitivity is closely related to mHtt-associated impairments in HD patients. However, how mHtt interferes with insulin signaling in neurons is still unknown. In the present study, we used a HD cell model to demonstrate that the miR-302 cluster, an embryonic stem cell-specific polycistronic miRNA, is significantly downregulated in mHtt-Q74-overexpressing neuronal cells. On the contrary, restoration of miR-302 cluster was shown to attenuate mHtt-induced cytotoxicity by improving insulin sensitivity, leading to a reduction of mHtt aggregates through the enhancement of autophagy. In addition, miR-302 also promoted mitophagy and stimulated Sirt1/AMPK-PGC1α pathway thereby preserving mitochondrial function. Taken together, these results highlight the potential role of miR-302 cluster in neuronal cells, and provide a novel mechanism for mHtt-impaired insulin signaling in the pathogenesis of HD.
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137
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Yadav S, Maurya PK. Biomedical applications of metal oxide nanoparticles in aging and age-associated diseases. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:338. [PMID: 34221809 PMCID: PMC8208341 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles are known to exhibit unique properties such as catalyzing the neutralization of superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxides and behave as antioxidant enzymes. Oxidative stress, damage and chronic inflammation are major causes and consequences of aging and age-associated disorders. With the increasing popularity of metal oxide nanoparticles, they have been applied in various age-related pathologies using their antioxidant property. Metal oxide nanoparticles have been used as diagnostic, therapeutic, and as theranostics. This review summarizes the applications of metal oxide nanoparticles in aging and age-associated disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress plays a central role in the activation of inflammatory pathways, disturbing the mitochondrial function, decreasing the telomere length and leading the cell towards senescence or death. Oxidative damage is the common pathway in the progression of aging and related diseases. Metal oxide nanoparticles scavenge or precisely detect the generated reactive oxygen species, hence applied in both diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somu Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031 India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031 India
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138
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Li J, Fu C, Zhang X. The Neuroprotective Effect of Tea Polyphenols on the Regulation of Intestinal Flora. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123692. [PMID: 34204244 PMCID: PMC8233780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea polyphenols (TPs) are the general compounds of natural polyhydroxyphenols extracted in tea. Although a large number of studies have shown that TPs have obvious neuroprotective and neuro repair effects, they are limited due to the low bioavailability in vivo. However, TPs can act indirectly on the central nervous system by affecting the “microflora–gut–brain axis”, in which the microbiota and its composition represent a factor that determines brain health. Bidirectional communication between the intestinal microflora and the brain (microbe–gut–brain axis) occurs through a variety of pathways, including the vagus nerve, immune system, neuroendocrine pathways, and bacteria-derived metabolites. This axis has been shown to influence neurotransmission and behavior, which is usually associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss that TPs and their metabolites may provide benefits by restoring the imbalance of intestinal microbiota and that TPs are metabolized by intestinal flora, to provide a new idea for TPs to play a neuroprotective role by regulating intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Taizhou Biomedical Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Junmin Li
- Taizhou Biomedical Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 317000, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Chengxin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.F.); (X.Z.)
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139
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Kolar D, Kleteckova L, Brozka H, Vales K. Mini-review: Brain energy metabolism and its role in animal models of depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and autism. Neurosci Lett 2021; 760:136003. [PMID: 34098028 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles essential for energy metabolism and antioxidant defense. Mitochondrial impairment is implicated in many psychiatric disorders, including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism. To characterize and eventually find effective treatments of bioenergetic impairment in psychiatric disease, researchers find animal models indispensable. The present review focuses on brain energetics in several environmental, genetic, drug-induced, and surgery-induced animal models of depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism. Most reported deficits included decreased activity in the electron transport chain, increased oxidative damage, decreased antioxidant defense, decreased ATP levels, and decreased mitochondrial potential. Models of depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism shared many bioenergetic deficits. This is in concordance with the absence of a disease-specific brain energy phenotype in human patients. Unfortunately, due to the absence of null results in examined literature, indicative of reporting bias, we refrain from making generalized conclusions. Present review can be a valuable tool for comparing current findings, generating more targeted hypotheses, and selecting fitting models for further preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kolar
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Hana Brozka
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Vales
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
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140
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Kumar V, Kundu S, Singh A, Singh S. Understanding the role of histone deacetylase and their inhibitors in neurodegenerative disorders: Current targets and future perspective. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:158-178. [PMID: 34151764 PMCID: PMC9199543 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210609160017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of pathological conditions that cause motor inc-ordination (jerking movements), cognitive and memory impairments result from degeneration of neurons in a specific area of the brain. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, neurochemical imbalance and histone deacetylase enzymes (HDAC) are known to play a crucial role in neurodegeneration. HDAC is classified into four categories (class I, II, III and class IV) depending upon their location and functions. HDAC1 and 2 are involved in neurodegeneration, while HDAC3-11 and class III HDACs are beneficial as neuroprotective. HDACs are localized in different parts of the brain- HDAC1 (hippocampus and cortex), HDAC2 (nucleus), HDAC3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 (nucleus and cytoplasm), HDAC6 & HDAC7 (cytoplasm) and HDAC11 (Nucleus, cornus ammonis 1 and spinal cord). In pathological conditions, HDAC up-regulates glutamate, phosphorylation of tau, and glial fibrillary acidic proteins while down-regulating BDNF, Heat shock protein 70 and Gelsolin. Class III HDACs are divided into seven sub-classes (SIRT1-SIRT7). Sirtuins are localized in the different parts of the brain and neuron -Sirt1 (nucleus), Sirt2 (cortex, striatum, hippocampus and spinal cord), Sirt3 (mitochondria and cytoplasm), Sirt4, Sirt5 & Sirt6 (mitochondria), Sirt7 (nucleus) and Sirt8 (nucleolus). SIRTs (1, 3, 4, and 6) are involved in neuronal survival, proliferation and modulating stress response, and SIRT2 is associated with Parkinsonism, Huntington’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, whereas SIRT6 is only associated with Alzheimer’s disease. In this critical review, we have discussed the mechanisms and therapeutic targets of HDACs that would be beneficial for the management of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar
- Scholar, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Satyabrata Kundu
- Scholar, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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141
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Ambekar T, Pawar J, Rathod R, Patel M, Fernandes V, Kumar R, Singh SB, Khatri DK. Mitochondrial quality control: Epigenetic signatures and therapeutic strategies. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105095. [PMID: 34111479 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelle staging a crucial role in cellular stress response, energy metabolism and cell survival. Maintaining mitochondrial quality control is very important for its homeostasis. Pathological conditions such as oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, disrupt this quality control, and involvement of genetic and epigenetic materials in this disruption have been reported. These regulatory factors trigger mitochondrial imbalance, as seen in many neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. The dynamic regulatory pathways i.e. mitophagy, biogenesis, permeability pore transitioning, fusion-fission are affected as a consequence and have been reviewed in this article. Moreover, several epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modulation participating in such neurological disorders have also been discussed. Apart from it, therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial quality control have been tremendously explored showing ameliorative effects for these diseases, and have been discussed here with a novel perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Ambekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Jyoti Pawar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Ramdev Rathod
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Monica Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Valencia Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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142
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Costa J, Martins S, Ferreira PA, Cardoso AMS, Guedes JR, Peça J, Cardoso AL. The old guard: Age-related changes in microglia and their consequences. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 197:111512. [PMID: 34022277 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Among all major organs, the brain is one of the most susceptible to the inexorable effects of aging. Throughout the last decades, several studies in human cohorts and animal models have revealed a plethora of age-related changes in the brain, including reduced neurogenesis, oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell senescence. As the main immune effectors and first responders of the nervous tissue, microglia are at the center of these events. These cells experience irrevocable changes as a result from cumulative exposure to environmental triggers, such as stress, infection and metabolic dysregulation. The age-related immunosenescent phenotype acquired by microglia is characterized by profound modifications in their transcriptomic profile, secretome, morphology and phagocytic activity, which compromise both their housekeeping and defensive functions. As a result, aged microglia are no longer capable of establishing effective immune responses and sustaining normal synaptic activity, directly contributing to age-associated cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. This review discusses how lifestyle and environmental factors drive microglia dysfunction at the molecular and functional level, also highlighting possible interventions to reverse aging-associated damage to the nervous and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Costa
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Solange Martins
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro A Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; PhD Program in Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M S Cardoso
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana R Guedes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Peça
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana L Cardoso
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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143
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Mitochondrial Transplantation as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Mitochondrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094793. [PMID: 33946468 PMCID: PMC8124982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the major source of intercellular bioenergy in the form of ATP. They are necessary for cell survival and play many essential roles such as maintaining calcium homeostasis, body temperature, regulation of metabolism and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in variety of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, aging, type 2 diabetes, cancer and degenerative brain disease. In other words, the interpretation and regulation of mitochondrial signals has the potential to be applied as a treatment for various diseases caused by mitochondrial disorders. In recent years, mitochondrial transplantation has increasingly been a topic of interest as an innovative strategy for the treatment of mitochondrial diseases by augmentation and replacement of mitochondria. In this review, we focus on diseases that are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and highlight studies related to the rescue of tissue-specific mitochondrial disorders. We firmly believe that mitochondrial transplantation is an optimistic therapeutic approach in finding a potentially valuable treatment for a variety of mitochondrial diseases.
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144
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Chauhan PS, Yadav D. Dietary Nutrients and Prevention of Alzheimer's disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:217-227. [PMID: 33820525 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210405141123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is an irrevocable, progressive brain disorder that gradually destroys memory and cognitive skills. One of the extensively studied method of preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD) disease progression is by providing nutritional diet. Several reports have shown that intake of nutritional elements as huperzine A, ursolic acid, vitamins etc. can directly influence pathogenesis of AD. Surprisingly, occurrence of metabolic disorders due to unhealthy diet has been known to be a major environmental causes for AD. It has been noted that AD disease severity can be controlled by supplementing dietary supplements containing huge amounts of health-promoting ingredients. These elements promote cell health, regeneration, and the anti-aging process that specifically interrupt the pathogenic pathways in AD development. Fortunately, incorporating changes in the nutritional content is inexpensive, easy, acceptable, safe, effective, and in most cases free from major adverse events. Many nutritional phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids are still being evaluated in the hope of identifying a successful therapy for AD. This review discusses the therapeutical potential of several key nutrients that have been researched for treating AD treatment and the method of their neuroprotective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Singh Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior (M.P.). India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541. South Korea
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145
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Shah M, Chacko LA, Joseph JP, Ananthanarayanan V. Mitochondrial dynamics, positioning and function mediated by cytoskeletal interactions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3969-3986. [PMID: 33576841 PMCID: PMC11071877 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a mitochondrion to undergo fission and fusion, and to be transported and localized within a cell are central not just to proper functioning of mitochondria, but also to that of the cell. The cytoskeletal filaments, namely microtubules, F-actin and intermediate filaments, have emerged as prime movers in these dynamic mitochondrial shape and position transitions. In this review, we explore the complex relationship between the cytoskeleton and the mitochondrion, by delving into: (i) how the cytoskeleton helps shape mitochondria via fission and fusion events, (ii) how the cytoskeleton facilitates the translocation and anchoring of mitochondria with the activity of motor proteins, and (iii) how these changes in form and position of mitochondria translate into functioning of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Shah
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Leeba Ann Chacko
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Joel P Joseph
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vaishnavi Ananthanarayanan
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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146
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Huang CF, Liu SH, Su CC, Fang KM, Yen CC, Yang CY, Tang FC, Liu JM, Wu CC, Lee KI, Chen YW. Roles of ERK/Akt signals in mitochondria-dependent and endoplasmic reticulum stress-triggered neuronal cell apoptosis induced by 4-methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene, a major active metabolite of bisphenol A. Toxicology 2021; 455:152764. [PMID: 33771661 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is recognized as a harmful pollutant in the worldwide. Growing studies have reported that BPA can cause adverse effects and diseases in human, and link to a potential risk factor for development of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). 4-methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene (MBP), which generated in the mammalian liver after BPA exposure, is a major active metabolite of BPA. MBP has been suggested to exert greater toxicity than BPA. However, the molecular mechanism of MBP on the neuronal cytotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, MBP exposure significantly reduced Neuro-2a cell viability and induced apoptotic events that MBP (5-15 μM) exhibited greater neuronal cytotoxicity than BPA (50-100 μM). The mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signals including the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the increase in cytosolic apoptosis-induced factor (AIF), cytochrome c release, and Bax protein expression were involved in MBP (10 μM)-induced Neuro-2a cell death. Exposure of Neuro-2a cells to MBP (10 μM) also triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the induction of several key molecules including glucose-regulated protein (GRP)78, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), X-box binding protein (XBP)-1, protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), inositol-requiring enzyme(IRE)-1, activation transcription factor(AFT)4 and ATF6, and caspase-12. Pretreatment with 4-PBA (an ER stress inhibitor) and specific siRNAs for GRP78, CHOP, and XBP-1 significantly suppressed the expression of these ER stress-related proteins and the activation of caspase-12/-3/-7 in MBP-exposed Neuro-2a cells. Furthermore, MBP (10 μM) exposure dramatically increased the activation of extracellular regulated protein (ERK)1/2 and decreased Akt phosphorylation. Pretreatment with PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor) and transfection with the overexpression of activation of Akt1 (myr-Akt1) effectively suppressed MBP-induced apoptotic and ER stress-related signals. Collectively, these results demonstrate that MBP exposure exerts neuronal cytotoxicity via the interplay of ERK activation and Akt inactivation-regulated mitochondria-dependent and ER stress-triggered apoptotic pathway, which ultimately leads to neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Fa Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County, 500, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Min Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yen
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, and Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Cheng Tang
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County, 500, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ming Liu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, 330, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ching Wu
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-I Lee
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, 427, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Physiology and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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147
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Marine Natural Products: Promising Candidates in the Modulation of Gut-Brain Axis towards Neuroprotection. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030165. [PMID: 33808737 PMCID: PMC8003567 DOI: 10.3390/md19030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, several neuroprotective agents have been provided in combating neuronal dysfunctions; however, no effective treatment has been found towards the complete eradication of neurodegenerative diseases. From the pathophysiological point of view, growing studies are indicating a bidirectional relationship between gut and brain termed gut-brain axis in the context of health/disease. Revealing the gut-brain axis has survived new hopes in the prevention, management, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, introducing novel alternative therapies in regulating the gut-brain axis seems to be an emerging concept to pave the road in fighting neurodegenerative diseases. Growing studies have developed marine-derived natural products as hopeful candidates in a simultaneous targeting of gut-brain dysregulated mediators towards neuroprotection. Of marine natural products, carotenoids (e.g., fucoxanthin, and astaxanthin), phytosterols (e.g., fucosterol), polysaccharides (e.g., fucoidan, chitosan, alginate, and laminarin), macrolactins (e.g., macrolactin A), diterpenes (e.g., lobocrasol, excavatolide B, and crassumol E) and sesquiterpenes (e.g., zonarol) have shown to be promising candidates in modulating gut-brain axis. The aforementioned marine natural products are potential regulators of inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative stress mediators towards a bidirectional regulation of the gut-brain axis. The present study aims at describing the gut-brain axis, the importance of gut microbiota in neurological diseases, as well as the modulatory role of marine natural products towards neuroprotection.
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Mitochondrial dysfunction and traffic jams in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:102-110. [PMID: 33639271 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive neuronal loss anatomically or physiologically and accumulation of protein in the cells. Mitochondria provide energy to these neuronal cells consuming 20% of the body's oxygen. Mitochondria are the dynamic membrane-bound cell organelles that function to generate ATP, regulate calcium homeostasis, and produce reactive oxygen species. Because of alterations in the electron transport chain, mutation, and environmental toxins, there is reduced ATP production, calcium dyshomeostasis, and increased oxidative stress, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS. ALS is described as the loss of upper and lower motor neurons resulting in progressive muscle denervation and loss of voluntary movements. There are multiple shreds of evidence in the literature regarding the mechanism involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and possible therapeutic targets to treat the condition. Moreover, different studies reported the role of different gene mutations and malfunctions in transport system responsible for the accumulation and aggregation of the proteins inside the brain cells. This accumulation and/or aggregation of proteins in the neuronal cells is known as neuronal traffic jam, which also plays the leading role in the progressive neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have elucidated the critical insights into mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal traffic jam; and its role in the initiation and progression of ALS. Moreover, the pharmacological targets and possible conducts to this scenario are also brought together.
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Chen Y, Wu YY, Si HB, Lu YR, Shen B. Mechanistic insights into AMPK-SIRT3 positive feedback loop-mediated chondrocyte mitochondrial quality control in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 166:105497. [PMID: 33609697 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability in the elderly population and represents a significant public health problem and socioeconomic burden worldwide. However, no disease-modifying therapeutics are currently available for OA due to an insufficient understanding of the pathogenesis of this disability. As a unique cell type in cartilage, chondrocytes are essential for cartilage homeostasis and play a critical role in OA pathogenesis. Mitochondria are important metabolic centers in chondrocytes and contribute to cell survival, and mitochondrial quality control (MQC) is an emerging mechanism for maintaining cell homeostasis. An increasing number of recent studies have demonstrated that dysregulation of the key processes of chondrocyte MQC, which involve mitochondrial redox, biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy, is associated with OA pathogenesis and can be regulated by the chondroprotective molecules 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). Moreover, AMPK and SIRT3 regulate each other, and their expression and activity are always consistent in chondrocytes, which suggests the existence of an AMPK-SIRT3 positive feedback loop (PFL). Although the precise mechanisms are not fully elucidated and need further validation, the current literature indicates that this AMPK-SIRT3 PFL regulates OA development and progression, at least partially by mediating chondrocyte MQC. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of AMPK-SIRT3 PFL-mediated chondrocyte MQC in OA pathogenesis might yield new ideas and potential targets for subsequent research on the OA pathomechanism and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong-Yao Wu
- West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hai-Bo Si
- Department of Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yan-Rong Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Su M, Wang W, Liu F, Li H. Recent Progress on the Discovery of NLRP3 Inhibitors and their Therapeutic Potential. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:569-582. [PMID: 31971103 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200123093544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is the body's immune system's fast coordinating response to irritants caused by pathogens, external injuries, and chemical or radiation effects. The nucleotidebinding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical component of the innate immune system. The dysfunction of NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to various pathogeneses of complex diseases, such as uncontrolled infection, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. This review describes recent progress on the discovery of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors and their therapeutic potential. METHODS Based on the mechanism of NLRP3 activation, several types of NLRP3 inhibitors are described and summarized according to their origins, structures, bioactivity, and mechanism of action. Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) is also listed for different scaffolds, as well as effective pharmacophore. RESULTS Over one-hundred papers were included in the review. The development of NLRP3 inhibitors has been described from the earliest glyburide in 2001 to the latest progress in 2019. Several series of inhibitors have been categorized, such as JC-series based on glyburide and BC-series based on 2APB. Many other small molecules such as NLRP3 inhibitors are also listed. SAR, application in related therapeutic models, and five different action mechanisms are described. CONCLUSION The findings of this review confirmed the importance of developing NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors. Various NLRP3 inhibitors have been discovered as effective therapeutic treatments for multiple diseases, such as type II diabetes, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, stressrelated mood disorders, etc. The development of a full range of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors is still at its foundational phase. We are looking forward to the identification of inhibitory agents that provide the most potent therapeutic strategies and efficiently treat NLRP3 inflammasome-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 1 Wenjing Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 1 Wenjing Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 1 Wenjing Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huanqiu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 1 Wenjing Road, Suzhou 215123, China
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