101
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Zhang W, Cui N, Ye J, Yang B, Sun Y, Kuang H. Curcumin's prevention of inflammation-driven early gastric cancer and its molecular mechanism. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2022; 14:244-253. [PMID: 36117672 PMCID: PMC9476644 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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102
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Hussain Y, Alam W, Ullah H, Dacrema M, Daglia M, Khan H, Arciola CR. Antimicrobial Potential of Curcumin: Therapeutic Potential and Challenges to Clinical Applications. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030322. [PMID: 35326785 PMCID: PMC8944843 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a bioactive compound that is extracted from Curcuma longa and that is known for its antimicrobial properties. Curcuminoids are the main constituents of curcumin that exhibit antioxidant properties. It has a broad spectrum of antibacterial actions against a wide range of bacteria, even those resistant to antibiotics. Curcumin has been shown to be effective against the microorganisms that are responsible for surgical infections and implant-related bone infections, primarily Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The efficacy of curcumin against Helicobacter pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, alone or in combination with other classic antibiotics, is one of its most promising antibacterial effects. Curcumin is known to have antifungal action against numerous fungi that are responsible for a variety of infections, including dermatophytosis. Candidemia and candidiasis caused by Candida species have also been reported to be treated using curcumin. Life-threatening diseases and infections caused by viruses can be counteracted by curcumin, recognizing its antiviral potential. In combination therapy with other phytochemicals, curcumin shows synergistic effects, and this approach appears to be suitable for the eradication of antibiotic-resistant microbes and promising for achieving co-loaded antimicrobial pro-regenerative coatings for orthopedic implant biomaterials. Poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and rapid degradation are the main disadvantages of curcumin. The use of nanotechnologies for the delivery of curcumin could increase the prospects for its clinical application, mainly in orthopedics and other surgical scenarios. Curcumin-loaded nanoparticles revealed antimicrobial properties against S. aureus in periprosthetic joint infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (M.D.)
| | - Marco Dacrema
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (M.D.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (H.K.)
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (H.K.)
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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103
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Singh R, Sharma R, Chauhan M, Sharma D. Structurally identified curcumin-Ag/ZnO nanocomposite having antibacterial effect: an investigation. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-022-00366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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104
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Lebda MA, Elmassry IH, Taha NM, Elfeky MS. Nanocurcumin alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-induced mastitis via activation of Nrf2 and suppressing TLR4-mediated NF-κB and HMGB1 signaling pathways in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:8294-8305. [PMID: 34482462 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coliform mastitis is a worldwide serious disease of the mammary gland. Curcumin is a pleiotropic polyphenol obtained from turmeric, but it is hydrophobic and rapidly eliminated from the body. However, nanoformulation of curcumin significantly improves its pharmacological activity by enhancing its hydrophobicity and oral bioavailability. Our study aimed to investigate the possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of nanocurcumin as a prophylactic against LPS-induced coliform mastitis in rat model, where LPS was extracted from a field strain of Escherichia coli (bovine mastitis isolate). The study was conducted on twenty lactating Wistar female rats divided into four equal groups, and the mastitis model was initiated by injection of LPS through the duct of the mammary gland. The results showed that nanocurcumin significantly attenuated the lipid peroxidation (MDA), oxidized glutathione, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), and the gene expression of TLR4, NF-κB p65, and HMGB1. Meanwhile, it improved the reduced glutathione level and Nrf2 activity and preserved the normal alveolar architecture. These findings suggested that nanocurcumin supplementation can be a promising potential protective approach for coliform mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ingi H Elmassry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nabil M Taha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Elfeky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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105
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Azari B, Zahmatkesh Moghadam S, Zarrinfar H, Tasbandi A, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Antifungal Activity of Curcuminoids and Difluorinated Curcumin Against Clinical Isolates of Candida Species. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1328:123-129. [PMID: 34981474 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired resistance to antifungals is rising particularly among Candida species. Herbal ingredients have biological and pharmacological activities, which make them potential fungicidal agents. The present study investigated the effects of curcumin (CUR) and difluorinated curcumin (CDF) on Candida species. MATERIAL AND METHOD CUR and CDF were examined against Candida isolates obtained from patients candidemia due to C. albicans (n = 13), C. dubliniensis (n = 2), C. parapsilosis (n = 2), and C. tropicalis (n = 1); and laboratory strains of C. albicans (TIMML 1292 and TIMML 183), C. krusei (TIMML 1321), C. parapsilosis (TIMML 2201), and C. tropicalis (TIMML 731) based on the M27-A3 guideline. RESULTS At the concentrations of 1-512μg/mL, none of the CDF and CUR showed a significant minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range against Candida isolates. There was no significant difference between the effects of CUR and CDF against Candida species. CONCLUSION The CUR and CDF did not exert any inhibitory effect on the growth of Candida strains. Any possible effect on other yeast and filamentous fungi needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Azari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Zarrinfar
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Aida Tasbandi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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106
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Wei CW, Wu TK, Wu SC, Chen YL, Pan YR, Chien YC, Wu JY, Yu YL, Yiang GT. Curcumin enhances p-cresyl sulfate-induced cytotoxic effects on renal tubular cells. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1138-1146. [PMID: 35919818 PMCID: PMC9339410 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.72646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), protein-bound uremic toxins, can induce oxidative stress and cause renal disease progression. However, the different cytotoxic effects on renal cells between IS and PCS are not stated. Due to uremic toxins are generally found in CKD patients, the mechanisms of uremic toxins-induced renal injury are required to study. Curcumin has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects which may be potential used to protect against renal damage. In contrast, curcumin also exert cytotoxic effects on various cells. In addition, curcumin may reduce or enhance cytotoxicity combined with different chemicals treatments. However, whether curcumin may influence uremic toxins-induced renal injury is unclear. The goal of this study is to compare the different cytotoxic effects on renal cells between IS and PCS treatment, as well as the synergistic or antagonistic effects by combination treatments with curcumin and PCS. Our experimental result shows the PCS exerts a stronger antiproliferative effect on renal tubular cells than IS treatment. In addition, our study firstly demonstrates that curcumin enhances PCS-induced cell cytotoxicity through caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and cell cycle alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyou-Wei Wei
- Department of Nutrition, Master Program of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Kun Wu
- Division of Renal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Cing Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Master Program of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26407, Taiwan.,Program of Indigenous Education in College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan, 26407 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ru Pan
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Chien
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Lung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
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107
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Kumar A, Hegde M, Parama D, Kunnumakkara AB. Curcumin: The Golden Nutraceutical on the Road to Cancer Prevention and Therapeutics. A Clinical Perspective. Crit Rev Oncog 2022; 27:33-63. [PMID: 37183937 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023045587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as the major public health scourge of the 21st century. Although remarkable strides were made for developing targeted therapeutics, these therapies suffer from lack of efficacy, high cost, and debilitating side effects. Therefore, the search for safe, highly efficacious, and affordable therapies is paramount for establishing a treatment regimen for this deadly disease. Curcumin, a known natural, bioactive, polyphenol compound from the spice turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been well documented for its wide range of pharmacological and biological activities. A plethora of literature indicates its potency as an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. Curcumin exhibits anti-neoplastic attributes via regulating a wide array of biological cascades involved in mutagenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, oncogene expression, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Curcumin has shown a wide range of pleiotropic anti-proliferative effect in multiple cancers and is a known inhibitor of varied oncogenic elements, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), c-myc, cyclin D1, Bcl-2, VEGF, COX-2, NOS, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukins, and MMP-9. Further, curcumin targets different growth factor receptors and cell adhesion molecules involved in tumor growth and progression, making it a most promising nutraceutical for cancer therapy. To date, curcumin-based therapeutics have completed more than 50 clinical trials for cancer. Although creative experimentation is still elucidating the immense potential of curcumin, systematic validation by proper randomized clinical trials warrant its transition from lab to bedside. Therefore, this review summarizes the outcome of diverse clinical trials of curcumin in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
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108
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Ageing, Age-Related Cardiovascular Risk and the Beneficial Role of Natural Components Intake. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010183. [PMID: 35008609 PMCID: PMC8745076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing, in a natural way, leads to the gradual worsening of the functional capacity of all systems and, eventually, to death. This process is strongly associated with higher metabolic and oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, accumulation of DNA mutations and increased levels of related damage. Detrimental changes that accumulate in body cells and tissues with time raise the vulnerability to environmental challenges and enhance the risk of major chronic diseases and mortality. There are several theses concerning the mechanisms of ageing: genetic, free radical telomerase, mitochondrial decline, metabolic damage, cellular senescence, neuroendocrine theory, Hay-flick limit and membrane theories, cellular death as well as the accumulation of toxic and non-toxic garbage. Moreover, ageing is associated with structural changes within the myocardium, cardiac conduction system, the endocardium as well as the vasculature. With time, the cardiac structures lose elasticity, and fibrotic changes occur in the heart valves. Ageing is also associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis. The results of studies suggest that some natural compounds may slow down this process and protect against age-related diseases. Animal studies imply that some of them may prolong the lifespan; however, this trend is not so obvious in humans.
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109
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Curcumin combined with photodynamic therapy, promising therapies for the treatment of cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112567. [PMID: 34953392 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a phytochemical derived from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), has a broad group of substances with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anticancer activities. The anticancer activity of curcumin and its derivatives are mainly related to its regulation of signal transduction pathways. However, due to the low oral availability of curcumin, fast metabolism and other pharmacokinetic properties limit the application of curcumin in the treatment of cancer. Evidence suggests that curcumin combined with photodynamic therapy can overcome the limitation of curcumin's low bioavailability by acting on apoptosis pathways, such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and caspase family, and affecting cell cycle. This paper reviews the structure and pharmacokinetics of curcumin, focusing on the anticancer activity of curcumin combined with photodynamic therapy and the effects on cancer-related signal pathways.
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110
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Qiu X, Zhu L, Wang H, Tan Y, Yang Z, Yang L, Wan L. From natural products to HDAC inhibitors: An overview of drug discovery and design strategy. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 52:116510. [PMID: 34826681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a key role in the homeostasis of protein acetylation in histones and have recently emerged as a therapeutic target for numerous diseases. The inhibition of HDACs may block angiogenesis, arrest cell growth, and lead to differentiation and apoptosis in tumour cells. Thus, HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have received increasing attention and many of which are developed from natural sources. In the past few decades, naturally occurring HDACi have been identified to have potent anticancer activities, some of which have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects on haematological malignancies. In this review, we summarized the discovery and modification of HDAC inhibitors from natural sources, novel drug design that uses natural products as parent nuclei, and dual target design strategies that combine HDAC with non-HDAC targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lv Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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111
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Raut R, Shaji J. HPLC method validation for quantification of tetrahydrocurcumin in bulk drug and formulation. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), the active metabolite of curcumin, is gaining popularity amongst scientist due to its wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, better stability and colourless nature. The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive, cost-effective RP-HPLC method for the estimation of THC in bulk drug substance and formulation.
Results
Efficient chromatographic separation was achieved on Hypersil BDS, C18 column, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm column by isocratic elution with mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile: methanol: water (40:23:37% V/V); adjusted to a pH of 3.0 ± 0.05. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.0 ml/min with a column temperature of 25 °C. UV detector was used for the analysis and detection was carried out at 280 nm. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines with respect to system suitability, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. The theoretical plates were found to be more than 5800. The method showed linearity over the range of 4 to 60 μg/ml with R2 = 0.9998. The accuracy of the method in terms of recovery study was 98.23-99.99%. The %RSD for intra-day and inter-day precision were 0.272 and 0.275, respectively. The method was found to be robust with respect to change in wavelength, flow rate and column temperature.
Conclusion
The analytical method was found satisfactory on validation as per ICH guidelines. Hence, it can be routinely used for quantification of THC in bulk drug and formulation.
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Vellido-Perez JA, Ochando-Pulido JM, Brito-de la Fuente E, Martinez-Ferez A. Effect of operating parameters on the physical and chemical stability of an oil gelled-in-water emulsified curcumin delivery system. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:6395-6406. [PMID: 33969886 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin is a natural antioxidant with important beneficial properties for health, although its low bioavailability and sensitivity to many environmental agents limits its use in the food industry. Furthermore, some studies mention a potential synergistic effect with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, comprising other bioactive compounds extremely unstable and susceptible to oxidation. A relatively novel strategy to avoid oxidation processes is to transform liquid oils into three-dimensional structures by adding a gelling agent and forming a self-assembled network that can later be vectorized by incorporating it into other systems. The present study aimed to design and optimize an oil gelled-in-water curcumin-loaded emulsion to maximize curcumin stability and minimize lipid oxidation in terms of some critical operating parameters, such as dispersed phase, emulsifier and stabilizer concentrations, and homogenization rate. RESULTS The operating conditions that had a significant effect on the formulation were the dispersed phase weight fraction affecting droplet size and total lipid oxidation, homogenization conditions affecting droplet size and primary lipid oxidation, and emulsifier concentration affecting droplet size (significance level = 95%). The optimal formulation for maximizing curcumin load and minimizing lipid oxidation in the oleogelified matrix was 140.4 g kg-1 dispersed phase, 50.0 g kg-1 emulsifier, 4.9 g kg-1 stabilizer and homogenization speed 1016 × g. CONCLUSION The results obtained in the present study provide a valuable tool for the rational design and development of oil gelled-in-water emulsions that stabilize and transport bioactive compounds such as curcumin. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edmundo Brito-de la Fuente
- Innovation & Development Centers China & Germany Business Unit Parenteral Nutrition, Ketoanalogues & IV Fluids Pharmaceuticals & Devices Division, Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Antonio Martinez-Ferez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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113
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Fatima S, Kumari A, Dwivedi VP. Advances in adjunct therapy against tuberculosis: Deciphering the emerging role of phytochemicals. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:494-513. [PMID: 34977867 PMCID: PMC8706769 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eastern countries are a major source of medicinal plants, which set up a rich source of ethnopharmacologically known medicines used in the treatment of various diseases. These traditional medicines have been known as complementary, alternative, or nonconventional therapy across globe for ages. Tuberculosis (TB) poses a huge global burden and leads to maximum number of deaths due to an infectious agent. Treatment of TB using Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) therapy comprises multiple antibiotics is quite lengthy and causes serious side-effects in different organs. The length of the TB treatment leads to withdrawal from the patients, which paves the way for the emergence of drug resistance in the bacterial population. These concerns related to therapy need serious and immediate interventions. Traditional medicines using phytochemicals has shown to provide tremendous potential in TB treatment, mainly in the eradication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), increasing natural immunity, and managing the side effects of anti-TB drugs. This review describes the antituberculosis potential of selected ethnopharmacologically important phytochemicals as potential immune-modulator and as an adjunct-therapy in TB. This review will be a useful reference for researchers working on ethnopharmacology and will open the door for the discovery of novel agents as an adjunct-therapy to tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Fatima
- Immunobiology GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Anjna Kumari
- Immunobiology GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
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114
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Smoak P, Burke SJ, Collier JJ. Botanical Interventions to Improve Glucose Control and Options for Diabetes Therapy. SN COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL MEDICINE 2021; 3:2465-2491. [PMID: 35098034 PMCID: PMC8796700 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-021-01034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem worldwide. This endocrine disease is clustered into distinct subtypes based on the route of development, with the most common forms associated with either autoimmunity (T1DM) or obesity (T2DM). A shared hallmark of both major forms of diabetes is a reduction in function (insulin secretion) or mass (cell number) of the pancreatic islet beta-cell. Diminutions in both mass and function are often present. A wide assortment of plants have been used historically to reduce the pathological features associated with diabetes. In this review, we provide an organized viewpoint focused around the phytochemicals and herbal extracts investigated using various preclinical and clinical study designs. In some cases, crude extracts were examined directly, and in others, purified compounds were explored for their possible therapeutic efficacy. A subset of these studies compared the botanical product with standard of care prescribed drugs. Finally, we note that botanical formulations are likely suspects for future drug discovery and refinement into class(es) of compounds that have either direct or adjuvant therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Smoak
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Susan J. Burke
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, LA 70808 Baton Rouge, USA
| | - J. Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Rickmann A, Schulz A, Bohrer B, Waizel M, Bisorca-Gassendorf L, Al-Nawaiseh S, Wakili P, Januschowski K. Systemic Curcumin-Human Serum Albumin in Proliferative Vitreoretinal Retinopathy: A Pilot Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e18645. [PMID: 34786240 PMCID: PMC8577792 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study is to compare the risks of novel postoperative curcumin infusion in patients with increased proliferative vitreoretinal retinopathy (PVR) after retinal detachment with steroid infusion or no treatment. Methods This was a prospective, non-randomized pilot study of 15 eyes of 15 patients (mean age 68 ± 7 years) with retinal detachment, macula off, and flare >15 pc/ms. Postoperatively, the patients received either curcumin-HSA (human serum albumin) infusion (C, n=5), prednisolone infusion (P, n=5), or no therapy (N, n=5) for three days. The outcome measures included postoperative PVR rate, the number of vitreoretinal surgeries (VRS) required, epiretinal membrane development, and visual acuity (VA). Results All patients had a preoperative VA of hand movements, macula-off detachment situation, and two quadrants rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Patients underwent VRS at a mean time of 5.6 ± 1.5 (C), 4.9 ± 2.0 (P), 4.7 ± 1.2 (N) days after first recognized symptoms. Postoperative PVR developed just in one eye (P) after 16 days and required VRS due to PVR retinal detachment. The remaining 14 patients of group C and N did not develop PVR. BCVA improved six months post surgery to 0.56 ± 0.31 (P), 0.53 ± 0.19 (D), 0.53 ± 0.17 (N) logMAR. There were no side effects nor complications related to the postoperative infusions. Conclusions In this pilot study, we demonstrated that a postoperative application of curcumin infusion is a safe option in patients with an increased risk of PVR. Whether or not PVR can be reduced by curcumin infusion would require to be investigated in larger, randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andre Schulz
- Ophthalmology, Eye Clinic, Knappschaft Hospital Saar, Sulzbach, DEU
| | | | | | | | - Sami Al-Nawaiseh
- Ophthalmology, Eye Clinic, Knappschaft Hospital Saar, Sulzbach, DEU
| | - Phillip Wakili
- Ophthalmology, Eye Clinic, Knappschaft Hospital Saar, Sulzbach, DEU
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Raghu SV, Kudva AK, Rao S, Prasad K, Mudgal J, Baliga MS. Dietary agents in mitigating chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (chemobrain or chemofog): first review addressing the benefits, gaps, challenges and ways forward. Food Funct 2021; 12:11132-11153. [PMID: 34704580 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02391h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemobrain or chemofog is one of the important but less investigated side effects, where the cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy develop long-term cognitive impairments, affecting their quality of life. The biological mechanisms triggering the development of chemobrain are largely unknown. However, a literature study suggests the generation of free radicals, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, epigenetic chromatin remodeling, decreased neurogenesis, secretion of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), dendritic branching, and neurotransmitter release to be the cumulative contributions to the ailment. Unfortunately, there is no means to prevent/mitigate the development and intensity of chemobrain. Given the lack of effective prevention strategies or treatments, preclinical studies have been underway to ascertain the usefulness of natural products in mitigating chemobrain in the recent past. Natural products used in diets have been shown to provide beneficial effects by inhibition of free radicals, oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, and/or concomitant upregulation of various cell survival proteins. For the first time, this review focuses on the published effects of astaxanthin, omega-3 fatty acids, ginsenoside, cotinine, resveratrol, polydatin, catechin, rutin, naringin, curcumin, dehydrozingerone, berberine, C-phycocyanin, the higher fungi Cordyceps militaris, thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and polyherbal formulation Mulmina™ in mitigating cognitive impairments in preclinical models of study, and also addresses their potential neuro-therapeutic mechanisms and applications in preventing/ameliorating chemobrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Karnataka 574199, India
| | - Avinash Kundadka Kudva
- Department of Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Karnataka 574199, India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka 575002, India
| | - Krishna Prasad
- Medical Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka 575002, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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Effect of curcumin on sperm parameters after the cryopreservation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 267:161-166. [PMID: 34773879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cryopreservation refers to the cooling of cells and tissues to sub-zero temperatures in order to stop all biologic activity and preserve them for future use. Human sperm cryopreservation is an important tool for assisted reproductive technology and male fertility preservation. However, cryopreservation significantly reduces the quality of spermatozoa. The antioxidant effects of curcumin on different cells have been widely reported. This study was aimed to evaluate changes in post-thaw viability, morphology, motility, chromatin condensation and DNA integrity in response to the addition of curcumin to human sperm freezing extender. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semen of 23 normozoospermic men was collected and each sample was divided into three equal aliquots: Control, DMSO, Curcumin. The samples were analyzed freshly for viability (Eosin Y), morphology (Diff-Quick), motility (following WHO standarts), sperm chromatin packaging (aniline blue) and DNA integrity (acridine orange). The control group remained untreated and was mixed with cryopreservation medium (in-house 1:1). The DMSO group was mixed with cryopreservation medium containing 0.1% DMSO. The curcumin group was mixed with cryopreservation medium containing 10 µM curcumin. Samples stained with Diff-Quick and aniline blue were examined under light microscope, samples stained with Eosin Y were examined under phase-contrast microscope and samples stained with acridine orange were examined under fluorescence microscope. Ten days after cryopreservation, samples were thawed and pre-freeze analyses repeated. RESULTS Obtained results showed that cryopreservation significantly (P < 0.001) reduces sperm parameters. In Curcumin group, progressive motility, sperm chromatin condensation and DNA integrity significantly (P < 0.001) increased after the thawing process, as compared with the control and the DMSO group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the addition of curcumin to cryopreservation medium improves post-thaw progressive motility, sperm chromatin condensation and DNA integrity. It seems that curcumin ameliorates detrimental effects of cryopreservation on human spermatozoa. Further research is needed on the use of curcumin and other antioxidant substances in sperm cryopreservation.
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Abd El-Hack ME, El-Saadony MT, Swelum AA, Arif M, Abo Ghanima MM, Shukry M, Noreldin A, Taha AE, El-Tarabily KA. Curcumin, the active substance of turmeric: its effects on health and ways to improve its bioavailability. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5747-5762. [PMID: 34143894 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a spice utilized widely in India, China, and Southeast Asia as an aromatic stimulant, a food preservative, and coloring material. The commonly used names of turmeric are castor saffron, turmeric, and saffron root. Turmeric is a yellow-orange polyphenolic natural substance derived from C. longa rhizomes. It has been used to treat common inflammatory diseases, tumors, biliary diseases, anorexia, cough, topical wounds, diabetic injuries, liver disorders, rheumatism, and sinusitis. Extensive studies on the biological properties and pharmacological consequences of turmeric extracts have been conducted in recent years. Curcumin, the primary yellow biocomponent of turmeric, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antiviral, antifibrotic, immunomodulatory, and antifungal properties. Defense assessment tests showed that curcumin is tolerated well at high doses, without adverse effects. Thus, curcumin is a highly active biological material with the potential to treat different diseases in modern medicine. This review article focuses on curcumin's biological characteristics. The most popular methods for curcumin encapsulation are also discussed. Several effective techniques and approaches have been proposed for curcuminoid capsulation, including nanocomplexing, gelation, complex coacervation, electrospraying, and solvent-free pH-driven encapsulation. This review also highlights curcumin's chemical properties, allowing the readers to expand their perspectives on its use in the development of functional products with health-promoting properties. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud M Abo Ghanima
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia, Australia
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Xu G, Gu Y, Yan N, Li Y, Sun L, Li B. Curcumin functions as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent on arsenic-induced hepatic and kidney injury by inhibiting MAPKs/NF-κB and activating Nrf2 pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2161-2173. [PMID: 34272803 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure has been associated with various toxic effects, especially to the organs of liver and kidney. As a plant polyphenol, curcumin is the most vital bioactive ingredient of turmeric and has a wide range of pharmacological activities. In the present study, we investigated the potential roles of curcumin against arsenic-induced liver and kidney dysfunctions in mice. Curcumin treatment (200 mg/kg) not only decreased the deposition of arsenic in liver and kidney, but also relieved the hepatic and nephritic biochemical indexes (Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [AST], Alanine aminotransferase [ALT], albumin, and creatinine) altered by arsenic at doses of 10 and 25 mg/L via drinking water. What's more, curcumin exerted influences on the activities of myeloperoxidase and on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in liver and kidney tissues. In addition, the levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation were declining while NRF2-signaling targets were increasing in mice liver and kidney by curcumin administration. In conclusion, our results here suggest that curcumin could exert both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions on arsenic-induced hepatic and kidney injury by inhibiting MAPKs/NF-κB and activating Nrf2 pathways cooperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Xu
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuqin Gu
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Yan
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Li
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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McFadden M, Singh SK, Oprea-Ilies G, Singh R. Nano-Based Drug Delivery and Targeting to Overcome Drug Resistance of Ovarian Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215480. [PMID: 34771642 PMCID: PMC8582784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is a destructive malignancy due to difficulties in early detection and late advanced-stage diagnoses, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates for women. Currently, the quality treatment for OvCa includes tumor debulking surgery and intravenous platinum-based chemotherapy. However, numerous patients either succumb to the disease or undergo relapse due to drug resistance, such as to platinum drugs. There are several mechanisms that cause cancer cells' resistance to chemotherapy, such as inactivation of the drug, alteration of the drug targets, enhancement of DNA repair of drug-induced damage, and multidrug resistance (MDR). Some targeted therapies, such as nanoparticles, and some non-targeted therapies, such as natural products, reverse MDR. Nanoparticle targeting can lead to the reversal of MDR by allowing direct access for agents to specific tumor sites. Natural products have many anti-cancer properties that adversely regulate the factors contributing to MDR. The present review displays the current problems in OvCa treatments that lead to resistance and proposes using nanotechnology and natural products to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melayshia McFadden
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (M.M.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (M.M.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Gabriela Oprea-Ilies
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (M.M.); (S.K.S.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Correspondence:
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Sahin E, Orhan C, Erten F, Er B, Acharya M, Morde AA, Padigaru M, Sahin K. Next-Generation Ultrasol Curcumin Boosts Muscle Endurance and Reduces Muscle Damage in Treadmill-Exhausted Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111692. [PMID: 34829562 PMCID: PMC8614663 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin positively affects performance during exercise and subsequent recovery. However, curcumin has limited bioavailability unless consumed in larger doses. In the current study, we examined the impact of a new formulation of curcumin, Next-Generation Ultrasol Curcumin (NGUC), which is relatively more bioavailable than natural curcumin on exhaustion time, grip strength, muscle damage parameters, and serum and muscle proteins. A total of 28 rats were randomly grouped as control (C, non-supplemented), exercise (E, non-supplemented), E+NGUC100 (supplemented with 100 mg/kg BW NGUC), and E+NGUC200 (supplemented with 200 mg/kg NGUC). Grip strength and exhaustion time were increased with NGUC supplementation (p < 0.0001). Creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactic acid (LA), myoglobin, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were reduced in serum, and muscle tissue in NGUC supplemented groups (p < 0.05). In contrast, NGUC supplementation elevated the antioxidant enzyme levels compared to the non-supplemented exercise group (p < 0.01). Additionally, inflammatory cytokines were inhibited with NGUC administration (p < 0.05). NGUC decreased PGC-1α, p-4E-BP1, p-mTOR, MAFbx, and MuRF1 proteins in muscle tissue (p < 0.05). These results indicate that NGUC boosts exercise performance while reducing muscle damage by targeting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and muscle mass regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol 12000, Turkey;
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey;
| | - Fusun Erten
- Department of Veterinary Science, Pertek Sakine Genc Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli 62500, Turkey;
| | - Besir Er
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey;
| | - Manutosh Acharya
- Research and Development, OmniActive Health Technologies, Mumbai 400001, India; (M.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Abhijeet A. Morde
- Research and Development, OmniActive Health Technologies, Mumbai 400001, India; (M.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Muralidhara Padigaru
- Research and Development, OmniActive Health Technologies, Mumbai 400001, India; (M.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-532-747-3506 or +90-424-237-0000 (ext. 3938)
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Nebrisi EE. Neuroprotective Activities of Curcumin in Parkinson's Disease: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11248. [PMID: 34681908 PMCID: PMC8537234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive multisystem disorder affecting dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which is characterized by a decrease of dopamine (DA) in their striatal terminals. Treatment of PD with levodopa or DA receptor agonists replaces the function of depleted DA in the striatum. Prolonged treatment with these agents often has variable therapeutic effects and leads to the development of undesirable dyskinesia. Consequently, a crucial unmet demand in the management of Parkinson's disease is the discovery of new approaches that could slow down, stop, or reverse the process of neurodegeneration. Novel potential treatments involving natural substances with neuroprotective activities are being developed. Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa (turmeric). It has been demonstrated to have potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, free radical scavenging, mitochondrial protecting, and iron-chelating effects, and is considered a promising therapeutic and nutraceutical agent for the treatment of PD. However, molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate the pharmacological actions of curcumin remain largely unknown. Stimulation of nicotinic receptors and, more precisely, selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChR), have been found to play a major modulatory role in the immune system via the "cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway". Recently, α7-nAChR has been proposed to be a potential therapeutic approach in PD. In this review, the detailed mechanisms of the neuroprotective activities of curcumin as a potential therapeutic agent to help Parkinson's patients are being discussed and elaborated on in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam El Nebrisi
- Department of Pharmacology, Dubai Medical College, Dubai 20170, United Arab Emirates
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Duyen TTM, Phi NTL, Hung PV. Comparison in morphology, structure and functionality of curcumin‐loaded starch nanoparticles fabricated from short, medium and long chain‐length debranched cassava starches. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Thi My Duyen
- Department of Food Technology International University Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Lan Phi
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Department of Food Technology Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Pham Van Hung
- Department of Food Technology International University Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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Akter R, Najda A, Rahman MH, Shah M, Wesołowska S, Hassan SSU, Mubin S, Bibi P, Saeeda S. Potential Role of Natural Products to Combat Radiotherapy and Their Future Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 26:5997. [PMID: 34641542 PMCID: PMC8512367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) are the common cancer treatments. In addition to these limitations, the development of adverse effects from chemotherapy and RT reduces the quality of life for cancer patients. Cellular radiosensitivity, or the ability to resist and overcome cell damage caused by ionizing radiation (IR), is directly related to cancer cells' response to RT. Therefore, radiobiological research is emphasizing chemical compounds 'radiosensitization of cancer cells so that they are more reactive in the IR spectrum. Recent years researchers have seen an increase in interest in natural products that have antitumor effects with minimal side effects. Natural products, on the other hand, are easy to recover and therefore less expensive. There have been several scientific studies done based on these compounds that have tested their ability in vitro and in vivo to induce tumor radiosensitization. The role of natural products in RT, as well as their usefulness and potential applications, is the goal of this current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh;
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju 26426, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani Street, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Muddaser Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (P.B.); (S.S.)
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Sylwia Wesołowska
- Institute of Soil Science and Environment Shaping, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 7 Leszczyńskiego Street, 20-069 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Sidra Mubin
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21310, Pakistan;
| | - Parveen Bibi
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (P.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Saeeda Saeeda
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (P.B.); (S.S.)
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Rathor R, Suryakumar G, Singh SN. Diet and redox state in maintaining skeletal muscle health and performance at high altitude. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:305-320. [PMID: 34352371 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High altitude exposure leads to compromised physical performance with considerable weight loss. The major stressor at high altitude is hypobaric hypoxia which leads to disturbance in redox homeostasis. Oxidative stress is a well-known trigger for many high altitude illnesses and regulates several key signaling pathways under stressful conditions. Altered redox homeostasis is considered the prime culprit of high altitude linked skeletal muscle atrophy. Hypobaric hypoxia disturbs redox homeostasis through increased RONS production and compromised antioxidant system. Increased RONS disturbs the cellular homeostasis via multiple ways such as inflammation generation, altered protein anabolic pathways, redox remodeling of RyR1 that contributed to dysregulated calcium homeostasis, enhanced protein degradation pathways via activation calcium-regulated protein, calpain, and apoptosis. Ultimately, all the cellular signaling pathways aggregately result in skeletal muscle atrophy. Dietary supplementation of phytochemicals could become a safe and effective intervention to ameliorate skeletal muscle atrophy and enhance the physical performance of the personnel who are staying at high altitude regions. The present evidence-based review explores few dietary supplementations which regulate several signaling mechanisms and ameliorate hypobaric hypoxia induced muscle atrophy and enhances physical performance. However, a clinical research trial is required to establish proof-of-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Som Nath Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
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Qi Y, Wang C, Qian R, Chen M, Jiang P, Wang T, Wang N. Loading drugs into liposomes by temperature up-down cycle procedure with controllable results fitting prediction by mathematical and thermodynamic process. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112379. [PMID: 34579898 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are a useful carrier for delivering drugs but rarely make a poorly water-soluble drug (PWSD) realize its therapeutic potential. A key barrier lies in that, by conventional methods, PWSD is mainly loaded just in liposome bilayer membranes, which rarely provide sufficient room to accommodate drugs satisfying clinical therapy. In this investigation, a novel procedure of temperature up-down cycle (TUDC) was developed for loading PWSDs into the liposome interiors instead of bilayer membranes to hold enough agents. In particular, the TUDC procedure renders PWSDs such as curcumin (Cur) entrapment purposely controllable, as evidenced by the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of Cur varies nearly from 0% to 100% in response to changes the determinant factors of the procedure. In addition, several mathematical equations that could calculate the loading efficiency by TUDC were established and proved, when combined with thermodynamic process, able to successfully predict the loading results through including thermodynamic parameters, such as temperature and deduced drug solubility, thus remarkably cutting down the laborious experiments and enhancing liposome development efficiency. Cryo-TEM, SAXS, XRD and DSC tests proved that TUDC is feasible to load a PWSD into PEG-liposomes but rendering the drug in the amorphous state. Thus, the novel TUDC procedure and the established mathematical and thermodynamic process may provide a useful tool to promote the development of liposome products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Rui Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Minnan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Jade Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China.
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Effects of nanomicelle curcumin capsules on prevention and treatment of oral mucosits in patients under chemotherapy with or without head and neck radiotherapy: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:232. [PMID: 34521398 PMCID: PMC8442420 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most prevalent complications of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is oral mucositis (OM) and manifests as erythema and ulceration. Curcumin is one of the components of turmeric and possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative features. Some of studies have proved the effectiveness of Curcumin in OM. This study aimed to investigate the effects of nanomicelle Curcumin on OM related chemotherapy and head and neck radiotherapy. METHODS In this clinical trial study, 50 patients underwent chemotherapy with or without head and neck radiotherapy were divided into study and control group. The study group was received Curcumin nanomicelle capsules 80 mg twice a day and the control group took placebo two times a day for 7 weeks and the severity and pain of OM was measured. RESULTS Oral mucositis severity in control group in the first (P = 0.010), fourth (P = 0.022) and seventh (P < 0.001) weeks were significantly more than the study group. Pain grade in study group was lower than control group only in the seventh week. (P = 0.001) Additionally, NRS incremental gradient in control group was more than study group. OM severity in patients who underwent only chemotherapy in the control group were significantly more than the study group in all weeks. In patients who were under chemotherapy and head and neck radiotherapy, OM in control group was significantly more intense than the study group only in the fourth and seventh weeks. CONCLUSIONS Nabomicelle Curcumin capsules is effective on prevention and treatment of head and neck radiotherapy and especially chemotherapy induced OM. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered 12 February 2019 at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT). IRCT code: IRCT20100101002950N6 . https://en.irct.ir/trial/36665 . GUMS ethical code: IR.Gums.Rec.1397.296.
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Kumar A, Harsha C, Parama D, Girisa S, Daimary UD, Mao X, Kunnumakkara AB. Current clinical developments in curcumin-based therapeutics for cancer and chronic diseases. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6768-6801. [PMID: 34498308 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen an unprecedented rise in the prevalence of chronic diseases worldwide. Different mono-targeted approaches have been devised to treat these multigenic diseases, still most of them suffer from limited success due to the off-target debilitating side effects and their inability to target multiple pathways. Hence a safe, efficacious, and multi-targeted approach is the need for the hour to circumvent these challenging chronic diseases. Curcumin, a natural compound extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, has been under intense scrutiny for its wide medicinal and biological properties. Curcumin is known to manifest antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antineoplastic, antifungal, and proapoptotic effects. A plethora of literature has already established the immense promise of curcuminoids in the treatment and clinical management of various chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. To date, more than 230 clinical trials have opened investigations to understand the pharmacological aspects of curcumin in human systems. Still, further randomized clinical studies in different ethnic populations warrant its transition to a marketed drug. This review summarizes the results from different clinical trials of curcumin-based therapeutics in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Albalawi AE, Alanazi AD, Sharifi I, Ezzatkhah F. A Systematic Review of Curcumin and its Derivatives as Valuable Sources of Antileishmanial Agents. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:797-811. [PMID: 33770343 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, antimonial agents and other synthetic antileishmanial drugs, such as amphotericin B, paromomycin, and many other drugs, have restrictions in use due to the toxicity risk, high cost, and emerging resistance to these drugs. The present study aimed to review the antileishmanial effects of curcumin, its derivatives, and other relevant pharmaceutical formulations on leishmaniasis. METHODS The present study was carried out according to the 06-preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline and registered in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Facility (SyRF) database. Some English-language databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Scopus were searched for publications worldwide related to antileishmanial effects of curcumin, its derivatives, and other relevant pharmaceutical formulations, without date limitation, to identify all the published articles (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies). Keywords included "curcumin", "Curcuma longa", "antileishmanial", "Leishmania", "leishmaniasis", "cutaneous leishmaniasis", "visceral leishmaniasis", "in vitro", and "in vivo". RESULTS Out of 5492 papers, 29 papers including 20 in vitro (69.0%), 1 in vivo (3.4%), and 8 in vitro/in vivo (27.6%) studies conducted up to 2020, met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review. The most common species of the Leishmania parasite used in these studies were L. donovani (n = 13, 44.8%), L. major (n = 10, 34.5%), and L. amazonensis (n = 6, 20.7%), respectively. The most used derivatives in these studies were curcumin (n = 15, 33.3%) and curcuminoids (n = 5, 16.7%), respectively. CONCLUSION In the present review, according to the studies in the literature, various forms of drugs based on curcumin and their derivatives exhibited significant in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity against different Leishmania spp. The results revealed that curcumin and its derivatives could be considered as an alternative and complementary source of valuable antileishmanial components against leishmaniasis, which had no significant toxicity. However, further studies are required to elucidate this concluding remark, especially in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah D Alanazi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Ad-Dawadimi 11911, Saudi Arabia
- Alghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Science, Tabuk 47913, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ezzatkhah
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
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Anselmo DB, Polaquini CR, Marques BC, Ayusso GM, Assis LR, Torrezan GS, Rahal P, Fachin AL, Calmon MF, Marins MA, Regasini LO. Curcumin-cinnamaldehyde hybrids as antiproliferative agents against women’s cancer cells. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Lewis JE, Poles J, Shaw DP, Karhu E, Khan SA, Lyons AE, Sacco SB, McDaniel HR. The effects of twenty-one nutrients and phytonutrients on cognitive function: A narrative review. J Clin Transl Res 2021; 7:575-620. [PMID: 34541370 PMCID: PMC8445631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Brain health is becoming more important to the average person as the number of people with cognitive impairments, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), is rising significantly. The current Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapeutics for dementia neither cure nor halt cognitive decline; they just delay the worsening cognitive impairment. This narrative review summarizes the effects of nutrients and phytonutrients on cognitive function. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of PubMed was performed to find clinical trials in humans that assessed the effects of nutrients and phytonutrients on cognitive function published in English between 2000 and 2021. Six independent reviewers evaluated the articles for inclusion in this review. RESULTS Ninety-six articles were summarized in this narrative review. In total 21 categories of nutrients and phytonutrients were included, i.e., α-lipoic acid, Bacopa monnieri, B vitamins, cholinergic precursors, vitamin D, vitamin E, Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, lion's mane mushroom, N-acetyl cysteine, omega-3 fatty acids, aloe polysaccharides, Rhodiola rosea, rosemary, saffron, tart cherries, turmeric, wild yam, Withania somnifera, xanthines, and zinc. Particular noteworthy effects on cognition included memory, recollection, attention, intelligence, vocabulary, recognition, response inhibition, arousal, performance enhancement, planning, creative thinking, reaction time, vigilance, task switching, orientation to time, place, and person, reading, writing, comprehension, accuracy, learning, information processing speed, executive function, mental flexibility, daily functioning, decrease in mental fatigue, and freedom from distractibility. Some nutrients and phytonutrients also improved mood and contentedness and reduced anxiety and the need for caregiving. These effects are not completely consistent or ubiquitous across all patient populations or health statuses. Adverse effects were minimal or nonexistent. CONCLUSION Due to the growing population of people with cognitive impairment and the lack of effective pharmacotherapeutics, it is prudent for those afflicted or their caregivers to find alternative treatments. Our narrative review shows that many of these nutrients and phytonutrients may be promising for treating some aspects of cognitive impairment, especially for people afflicted with AD. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS As demonstrated in a number of clinical trials, healthy adults and patients with various health challenges (e.g., AD, mild cognitive impairment, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease) exhibiting a wide range of severity in cognitive defects would be best served to consider multiple nutrients and phytonutrients to improve aspects of their cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jillian Poles
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Delaney P. Shaw
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa Karhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sher Ali Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Annabel E. Lyons
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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Effects of curcumin‐based photodynamic method on protein degradation of oysters. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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133
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Curcumin, an Inhibitor of p300-HAT Activity, Suppresses the Development of Hypertension-Induced Left Ventricular Hypertrophy with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Dahl Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082608. [PMID: 34444769 PMCID: PMC8397934 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that curcumin, a p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor, prevents cardiac hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction at the stage of chronic heart failure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats (DS). It is unclear whether curcumin suppresses the development of hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with a preserved ejection fraction. Therefore, in this study, we randomized DS (n = 16) and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats (n = 10) at 6 weeks of age to either curcumin or vehicle groups. These rats were fed a high-salt diet and orally administrated with 50 mg/kg/d curcumin or its vehicle for 6 weeks. Both curcumin and vehicle treatment groups exhibited similar degrees of high-salt diet-induced hypertension in DS rats. Curcumin significantly decreased hypertension-induced increase in posterior wall thickness and LV mass index, without affecting the systolic function. It also significantly reduced hypertension-induced increases in myocardial cell diameter, perivascular fibrosis and transcriptions of the hypertrophy-response gene. Moreover, it significantly attenuated the acetylation levels of GATA4 in the hearts of DS rats. A p300 HAT inhibitor, curcumin, suppresses the development of hypertension-induced LVH, without affecting blood pressure and systolic function. Therefore, curcumin may be used for the prevention of development of LVH in patients with hypertension.
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Singh RK, Kumar S, Tomar MS, Verma PK, Kumar A, Kumar S, Kumar N, Singh JP, Acharya A. Putative role of natural products as Protein Kinase C modulator in different disease conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 29:397-414. [PMID: 34216003 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-021-00401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein kinase C (PKC) is a promising drug target for various therapeutic areas. Natural products derived from plants, animals, microorganisms, and marine organisms have been used by humans as medicine from prehistoric times. Recently, several compounds derived from plants have been found to modulate PKC activities through competitive binding with ATP binding site, and other allosteric regions of PKC. As a result fresh race has been started in academia and pharmaceutical companies to develop an effective naturally derived small-molecule inhibitor to target PKC activities. Herein, in this review, we have discussed several natural products and their derivatives, which are reported to have an impact on PKC signaling cascade. METHODS All information presented in this review article regarding the regulation of PKC by natural products has been acquired by a systematic search of various electronic databases, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of science, ResearchGate, and PubMed. The keywords PKC, natural products, curcumin, rottlerin, quercetin, ellagic acid, epigallocatechin-3 gallate, ingenol 3 angelate, resveratrol, protocatechuic acid, tannic acid, PKC modulators from marine organism, bryostatin, staurosporine, midostaurin, sangivamycin, and other relevant key words were explored. RESULTS The natural products and their derivatives including curcumin, rottlerin, quercetin, ellagic acid, epigallocatechin-3 gallate, ingenol 3 angelate, resveratrol, bryostatin, staurosporine, and midostaurin play a major role in the management of PKC activity during various disease progression. CONCLUSION Based on the comprehensive literature survey, it could be concluded that various natural products can regulate PKC activity during disease progression. However, extensive research is needed to circumvent the challenge of isoform specific regulation of PKC by natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Kant Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | | | - Munendra Singh Tomar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | | | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Jai Prakash Singh
- Department of Panchkarma, Institute of Medical Science, BHU, Varanasi, India, 221005
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Dai W, Yan W, Leng X, Chen J, Hu X, Ao Y. Effectiveness of Curcuma longa extract versus placebo for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5921-5935. [PMID: 34216044 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of all types of Curcuma longa extract versus placebo for knee osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. The research was conducted by using the databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library through April 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effect of Curcuma longa extract with placebo for patients with knee OA were considered eligible. The pooled results were expressed as mean differences or relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. A total of 10 RCTs with 783 patients were eligible for this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that Curcuma longa extract was associated with significantly better pain relief and functional improvement compared with placebo for knee OA. Moreover, the smallest effect sizes of VAS for pain and WOMAC total score exceeded the minimum clinically important differences (MCIDs). Current evidence indicates that, compared with placebo, Curcuma longa extract has more benefit in pain relief and functional improvement for symptomatic knee OA. However, considering the potential heterogeneity in the included studies, more future high-quality RCTs with large sample sizes are necessary to confirm the benefits of Curcuma longa extract on knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Dai
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Leng
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Angelini G, Gansmüller A, Pécourneau J, Gasbarri C. An insight into cyclocurcumin cis–trans isomerization: Kinetics in solution and in the presence of silver nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kukushkina EA, Hossain SI, Sportelli MC, Ditaranto N, Picca RA, Cioffi N. Ag-Based Synergistic Antimicrobial Composites. A Critical Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1687. [PMID: 34199123 PMCID: PMC8306300 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emerging problem of the antibiotic resistance development and the consequences that the health, food and other sectors face stimulate researchers to find safe and effective alternative methods to fight antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and biofilm formation. One of the most promising and efficient groups of materials known for robust antimicrobial performance is noble metal nanoparticles. Notably, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been already widely investigated and applied as antimicrobial agents. However, it has been proposed to create synergistic composites, because pathogens can find their way to develop resistance against metal nanophases; therefore, it could be important to strengthen and secure their antipathogen potency. These complex materials are comprised of individual components with intrinsic antimicrobial action against a wide range of pathogens. One part consists of inorganic AgNPs, and the other, of active organic molecules with pronounced germicidal effects: both phases complement each other, and the effect might just be the sum of the individual effects, or it can be reinforced by the simultaneous application. Many organic molecules have been proposed as potential candidates and successfully united with inorganic counterparts: polysaccharides, with chitosan being the most used component; phenols and organic acids; and peptides and other agents of animal and synthetic origin. In this review, we overview the available literature and critically discuss the findings, including the mechanisms of action, efficacy and application of the silver-based synergistic antimicrobial composites. Hence, we provide a structured summary of the current state of the research direction and give an opinion on perspectives on the development of hybrid Ag-based nanoantimicrobials (NAMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Kukushkina
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (E.A.K.); (S.I.H.); (M.C.S.); (N.D.); (R.A.P.)
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science), Chemistry Department, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Syed Imdadul Hossain
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (E.A.K.); (S.I.H.); (M.C.S.); (N.D.); (R.A.P.)
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science), Chemistry Department, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Sportelli
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (E.A.K.); (S.I.H.); (M.C.S.); (N.D.); (R.A.P.)
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science), Chemistry Department, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ditaranto
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (E.A.K.); (S.I.H.); (M.C.S.); (N.D.); (R.A.P.)
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science), Chemistry Department, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Picca
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (E.A.K.); (S.I.H.); (M.C.S.); (N.D.); (R.A.P.)
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science), Chemistry Department, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (E.A.K.); (S.I.H.); (M.C.S.); (N.D.); (R.A.P.)
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science), Chemistry Department, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Morshedi K, Borran S, Ebrahimi MS, Masoud Khooy MJ, Seyedi ZS, Amiri A, Abbasi-Kolli M, Fallah M, Khan H, Sahebkar A, Mirzaei H. Therapeutic effect of curcumin in gastrointestinal cancers: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4834-4897. [PMID: 34173992 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers with a high global prevalence are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, there is a great need to develop efficient therapeutic approaches. Curcumin, a naturally occurring agent, is a promising compound with documented safety and anticancer activities. Recent studies have demonstrated the activity of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of different cancers. According to systematic studies on curcumin use in various diseases, it can be particularly effective in GI cancers because of its high bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless, the clinical applications of curcumin are largely limited because of its low solubility and low chemical stability in water. These limitations may be addressed by the use of relevant analogues or novel delivery systems. Herein, we summarize the pharmacological effects of curcumin against GI cancers. Moreover, we highlight the application of curcumin's analogues and novel delivery systems in the treatment of GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korosh Morshedi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sarina Borran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Zeynab Sadat Seyedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Amiri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Fallah
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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139
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Han G, Zhang Y, Li H. The Combination Treatment of Curcumin and Probucol Protects Chondrocytes from TNF- α Induced Inflammation by Enhancing Autophagy and Reducing Apoptosis via the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5558066. [PMID: 34257809 PMCID: PMC8249126 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5558066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by cholesterol accumulation in chondrocytes, cartilage degeneration, as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) destruction, and joint dysfunction. Curcumin, a chemical that can reduce cholesterol levels in OA patients, also can inhibit the progression of OA. However, a high concentration of curcumin may also trigger apoptosis in normal chondrocytes. Besides curcumin, probucol that is found can also effectively decrease the cholesterol level in OA patients. Considering that high cholesterol is a risk factor of OA, it is speculated that the combination treatment of curcumin and probucol may be effective in the prevention of OA. To investigate the possible effects of such two chemicals on OA pathophysiology, chondrocyte apoptosis and autophagy behavior under inflammatory cytokine stress were studied, and specifically, the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway was studied. Methods. Cell proliferation, colony formation, and EdU assay were performed to identify the cytotoxicity of curcumin and probucol on chondrocytes. Transwell assay was conducted to evaluate chondrocyte migration under TNF-α inflammation stress. Immunofluorescence, JC-1, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and western blot were used to investigate the signal variations related to autophagy and apoptosis in chondrocytes and cartilage. A histological study was carried out on OA cartilage. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release was determined to evaluate the ECM degradation under stress. Results. Compared with a single intervention with curcumin or probucol, a combined treatment of these two chemicals is more effective in terms of protecting chondrocytes from stress injury induced by inflammatory cytokines. The promoted protection may be attributed to the inhibition of apoptosis and the blockage of the autophagy-related PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Such results were also verified in vitro by immunofluorescence staining of OA chondrocytes and in vivo by immunohistochemistry staining of cartilage. Besides, in vivo studies also showed that when applied in combination, curcumin and probucol could block the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway; promote COL-II expression; suppress P62, MMP-3, and MMP-13 expression; and inhibit TNF-α-stimulated cartilage degradation. Moreover, the combined medication could help reduce the release of ECM GAGs in OA cartilage and alleviate the severity of OA. Conclusion. A combined treatment of curcumin and probucol could be used to protect chondrocytes from inflammatory cytokine stress via inhibition of the autophagy-related PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway both in vitro and in vivo, which might be of potential pharmaceutical value for OA prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yubiao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Haohuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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140
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Ege D. Action Mechanisms of Curcumin in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Brain Targeted Delivery. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123332. [PMID: 34208692 PMCID: PMC8234049 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AD is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. Many different signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, ROS/JNK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR are involved in Alzheimer’s disease and crosstalk between themselves. A promising treatment involves the uses of flavonoids, and one of the most promising is curcumin; however, because it has difficulty permeating the blood–brain barrier (BBB), it must be encapsulated by a drug carrier. Some of the most frequently studied are lipid nanocarriers, liposomes, micelles and PLGA. These carriers are further conjugated with brain-targeting agents such as lactoferrin and transferrin. In this review paper, curcumin and its therapeutic effects, which have been examined in vivo, are analyzed and then the delivery systems to the brain are addressed. Overall, the analysis of the literature revealed great potential for curcumin in treating AD and indicated the challenges that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ege
- Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Rasathane Cd, Kandilli Campus, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
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141
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Curcugreen Treatment Prevented Splenomegaly and Other Peripheral Organ Abnormalities in 3xTg and 5xFAD Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060899. [PMID: 34199639 PMCID: PMC8229192 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction and immune disorders are common in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The mechanistic details of these epiphenomena in AD are unclear. Here, we have investigated whether a highly bioavailable curcuminoid formulation, curcugreen (CGR), can prevent abnormalities in peripheral organs of two mouse models of AD. Eighteen- and 24-month-old male and female 3xTg and 5xFAD mice were treated with CGR (100 mg/kg) for 2 months, orally. Cytoarchitectural changes of spleen, liver, kidney and lungs were studied by H&E stain. Apoptotic death was confirmed by TUNEL staining. Amyloid deposition, pTau levels, proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory and cell death/survival markers were studied by Western blots. Curcugreen reduced the observed splenomegaly (3xTg) and degeneration of spleen, granulomatous inflammation in the kidney, hepatic sinusoidal disorganization, hepatocellular hypertrophy, inflammation of the central hepatic vein, infiltration and swelling of lung tissues, and apoptotic death in all these areas in both 3xTg and 5xFAD mice. Similarly, CGR decreased amyloid deposition, pTau, proinflammatory markers, cell loss and decrements in anti-inflammatory markers in both 3xTg and 5xFAD mice. Peripheral organ abnormalities and inflammatory responses in AD were ameliorated by curcuminoid treatment.
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142
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Shirpoor M, Tofighi A, Shirpoor A, Pourjabali M, Chodari L. Effect of moderate exercises and curcumin on hepatic transcriptional factors associated with lipid metabolism and steatosis in elderly male rat. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:294-304. [PMID: 34221063 PMCID: PMC8216158 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.314828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The specific molecular mediators involved in dyslipidemia in older people are not yet clearly understood. The current study was, thus, an attempt to investigate whether moderate aerobic exercises and curcumin administration alleviates the abnormalities caused by aging in the rats' liver. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Thirty-two eight-year-old young rats were classified into five groups, namely, young control, aged control, aged-curcumin, aged-exercise, and aged-curcumin-exercise co-treatment. The rats in the exercise groups were trained on an animal treadmill for 60 min/day five times per week for eight weeks. FINDINGS/RESULTS The results revealed a significant increase in FAT/CD36, PTP1B, significantly decreased HNF4α genes expression, increase in LDL and cholesterol in the aged group compared to the young control. Compared to those in the young control group, no significant changes in HDL and TG amounts in the aged control were observed. Moreover, compared to the young control, the aged group showed liver histological changes such as fibrosis and mild or grade 1 steatohepatitis. Moderate aerobic exercise and curcumin alone or in combination completely masked this effect. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The findings revealed dyslipidemia and liver steatosis related to aging might be partly associated with changes in hepatic transcriptional factors which can be mitigated via moderate aerobic exercise and curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Shirpoor
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | - Asghar Tofighi
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | - Alireza Shirpoor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | - Masoumeh Pourjabali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | - Leila Chodari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
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143
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Alsabeelah N, Arshad MF, Hashmi S, Khan RA, Khan S. Nanocosmeceuticals for the management of ageing: Rigors and Vigors. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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144
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Liakopoulou A, Mourelatou E, Hatziantoniou S. Exploitation of traditional healing properties, using the nanotechnology's advantages: The case of curcumin. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1143-1155. [PMID: 34150524 PMCID: PMC8190487 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) has a long history of use as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and wound healing agent, for the treatment of various skin conditions. Encapsulation in nanocarriers may overcome the administration limitations of CUR, such as lipophilicity and photodegradation. Lipid nanocarriers with different matrix fluidity (Solid Lipid Nanoparticles; SLN, Nanostructured Lipid Carriers; NLC, and Nanoemulsion; NE) were prepared for the topical delivery of curcumin (CUR). The occlusive properties and film forming capacity, as well as the release profile of incorporated CUR, its protection against photodegradation and wound healing were studied in vitro, using empty nanocarriers or free CUR as control. The results suggest that incorporation of CUR in nanocarriers offers a significant protection against photodegradation that is not influenced by the matrix fluidity. However, this characteristic regulates properties such as the occlusion, the release rate and wound healing ability of CUR. Nanoparticles of low fluidity provided better surface occlusion, film forming capacity and retention of the incorporated CUR. All nanocarriers but especially NLC, achieved faster wound healing at lower dose of incorporated CUR. In conclusion, nanotechnology may enhance the action of CUR against skin conditions. Important characteristics of the nanocarrier such as matrix fluidity should be taken into consideration in the design of CUR nanosystems of optimal efficiency.
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Key Words
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CA, cellulose acetate
- CUR, curcumin
- Curcumin
- DLS, Dynamic Light Scattering
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DPBS, Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline
- ELS, Electrophoretic Light Scattering
- EtOH, ethanol
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- MeOH, methanol
- NE, nanoemulsion
- NLC, nanostructured lipid carriers
- Nanoemulsion
- Nanostructured lipid carrier
- Occlusion
- P/S, penicillin/streptomycin
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PdI, polydispersity index
- RH, relative humidity
- RT, room temperature
- SD, standard deviation
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- SLN, solid lipid nanoparticles
- Solid lipid nanoparticle
- TG, triglyceride
- Topical application
- UV-VIS, ultraviolet – visible spectrophotometry
- WFI, water for injection
- Wound healing
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Liakopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Elena Mourelatou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, CY-2417, P.O. Box 24005, CY-1700, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sophia Hatziantoniou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
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Huang YP, Ma YS, Kuo CL, Liao CL, Chen PY, Peng SF, Hsu FT, Lai KC. Demethoxycurcumin Suppresses Human Brain Glioblastoma Multiforme GBM 8401 Cell Xenograft Tumor in Nude Mice In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115503. [PMID: 34071132 PMCID: PMC8197162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Demethoxycurcumin (DMC), a derivate of curcumin, has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death in human glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cells via cell cycle arrest and induction of cell apoptosis. However, there is no report showing DMC suppresses glioblastoma multiforme cells in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the effects of DMC on GBM8401 cells in vivo. At first, we established a luciferase-expressing stable clone named GBM 8401/luc2. Second, mice were inoculated subcutaneously with GBM 8401/luc2 cells to generate a xenograft tumor mice model. After inoculation, tumor volume reached 100-120 mm3, and all mice were randomly divided into three groups: Group I was treated with 110 µL phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) containing 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide, Group II with 30 mg/kg of DMC, and Group III with 60 mg/kg of DMC. Mice from each group were given the oral treatment of DMC by gavage for 21 days. The body weight and tumor volume were recorded every 3 days. DMC significantly decreased the tumor volumes, and 60 mg/kg treatment showed a higher decrease in tumor volumes than that of 30 mg/kg, However, DMC did not affect the body weights. The photons emitted from mice tumors were detected with Xenogen IVIS imaging system, DMC at both doses decreased the total photon flux and 60 mg/kg treatment of DMC has low total photon flux than that of 30 mg/kg. The tumor volumes and weights in 60 mg/kg treatment of DMC were lower than that of 30 mg/kg. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to measure protein expression of tumors and results showed that DMC treatment led to lightly staining with anti-Bcl-2 and -XIAP and 60 mg/kg treatment of DMC has lighter staining with anti-Bcl-2 and -XIAP than that of 30 mg/kg. The higher dose (60 mg/kg) of DMC has higher signals of cleaved-caspase-3 than that of the lower dose (30 mg/kg). Furthermore, the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of liver tissues showed no significant difference between DMC-treated and control-groups. Overall, these observations showed that DMC suppressed tumor properties in vivo and DMC may be used against human glioblastoma multiforme in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan;
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Lung Liao
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (S.-F.P.)
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (S.-F.P.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (S.-F.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.-T.H.); (K.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 2532) (F.-T.H.); +886-5-7837901 (ext. 1161) (K.-C.L.); Fax: +886-4-22053764 (F.-T.H.); +886-5-7831121 (K.-C.L.)
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 717, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Beigang, Yunlin 651, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.-T.H.); (K.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 2532) (F.-T.H.); +886-5-7837901 (ext. 1161) (K.-C.L.); Fax: +886-4-22053764 (F.-T.H.); +886-5-7831121 (K.-C.L.)
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146
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Hosseinzadeh R, Khorsandi K, Esfahani HS, Habibi M, Hosseinzadeh G. Preparation of cerium-curcumin and cerium-quercetin complexes and their LEDs irradiation assisted anticancer effects on MDA-MB-231 and A375 cancer cell lines. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102326. [PMID: 33971331 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains common and often is difficult to eradicate. In particular resistant forms like triple negative breast cancer and melanoma generally allow for very short survival. Curcumin and quercetin as two important polyphenols from plants which have different biological roles, potentially including anti-cancer effect. But their clinical application is limited due to poor solubility in aqueous medium. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment using select chemical compounds as photosensitizers, which when activated by light create toxic singlet oxygen. Studies done on plant based photosensitizers such as curcumin and quercetin have shown the ability to ablate tumors. Here we discuss using them as improved PS by making their complex with cerium ions as a delivery system for MDA-MB-231 and A375 cancer cell lines treatment. For this purpose, the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line exposed to red light irradiation (as pretreatment) then treated with curcumin and quercetin alone and also their complex with cerium. In another study the cells treated with curcumin-cerium and quercetin-cerium complex and then irradiated with blue light (photodynamic treatment). Cell survival and apoptosis were determined using MTT and fluorescence microscopy. The result showed that curcumin and quercetin in complex with cerium ions have better toxic effect against both breast and melanoma cancer cells as compared to each compound alone. The finding revealed that curcumin and quercetin in cerium complex could be considered as a new approach in the photodynamic treatment of breast and melanoma cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, YARA Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, YARA Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Sadat Esfahani
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, YARA Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Habibi
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, YARA Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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147
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Rahimi K, Hassanzadeh K, Khanbabaei H, Haftcheshmeh SM, Ahmadi A, Izadpanah E, Mohammadi A, Sahebkar A. Curcumin: A Dietary Phytochemical for Targeting the Phenotype and Function of Dendritic Cells. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1549-1564. [PMID: 32410550 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200515101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most powerful antigen-presenting cells which link the innate and adaptive immune responses. Depending on the context, DCs initiate the immune responses or contribute to immune tolerance. Any disturbance in their phenotypes and functions may initiate inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Hence, dysregulated DCs are the most attractive pharmacological target for the development of new therapies aiming at reducing their immunogenicity and at enhancing their tolerogenicity. Curcumin is the polyphenolic phytochemical component of the spice turmeric with a wide range of pharmacological activities. It acts in several ways as a modulator of DCs and converts them into tolerogenic DCs. Tolerogenic DCs possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities that regulate the immune responses in health and disease. Curcumin by blocking maturation markers, cytokines and chemokines expression, and disrupting the antigen-presenting machinery of DCs render them non- or hypo-responsive to immunostimulants. It also reduces the expression of co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules on DCs and prevents them from both migration and antigen presentation but enhances their endocytosis capacity. Hence, curcumin causes DCs-inducing regulatory T cells and dampens CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 polarization. Inhibition of transcription factors such as NF-κB, AP-1, MAPKs (p38, JNK, ERK) and other intracellular signaling molecules such as JAK/STAT/SOCS provide a plausible explanation for most of these observations. In this review, we summarize the potential effects of curcumin on the phenotypes and functions of DCs as the key players in orchestration, stimulation, and modulation of the immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Rahimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed M Haftcheshmeh
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91766-99199, Iran
| | - Abbas Ahmadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Esmael Izadpanah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Asadollah Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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148
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Saber-Moghaddam N, Salari S, Hejazi S, Amini M, Taherzadeh Z, Eslami S, Rezayat SM, Jaafari MR, Elyasi S. Oral nano-curcumin formulation efficacy in management of mild to moderate hospitalized coronavirus disease-19 patients: An open label nonrandomized clinical trial. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2616-2623. [PMID: 33389761 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is proposed as a potential treatment option for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) by inhibiting the virus entrance, encapsulation and replication, and modulating various cellular signaling pathways. In this open-label nonrandomized clinical trial, efficacy of nano-curcumin oral formulation has been evaluated in hospitalized patients with mild-moderate COVID-19. Forty-one patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were allocated to nano-curcumin (n = 21) group (Sinacurcumin soft gel, contains 40 mg curcuminoids as nanomicelles, two capsules twice a day) or control (n = 20) group, for 2 weeks. Patients' symptoms and laboratory data were assessed at baseline and during follow-up period. Most of symptoms including fever and chills, tachypnea, myalgia, and cough resolved significantly faster in curcumin group. Moreover, SaO2 was significantly higher in treatment group after 2, 4, 7, and 14 days of follow-up and lymphocyte count after 7 and 14 days. Duration of supplemental O2 use and hospitalization was also meaningfully shorter in treatment group. It is also noteworthy to mention that no patient in treatment group experienced deterioration of infection during follow-up period, but it occurred in 40% of control group. Oral curcumin nano-formulation can significantly improve recovery time in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Further randomized placebo controlled trials with larger sample size are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Saber-Moghaddam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soofia Salari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Hejazi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Amini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zhila Taherzadeh
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Eslami
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Elyasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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149
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Effects of Curcumin and Its Different Formulations in Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Peripheral Neuropathic and Postoperative Pain: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094666. [PMID: 33925121 PMCID: PMC8125634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesion or disease of the somatosensory system leads to the development of neuropathic pain. Peripheral neuropathic pain encompasses damage or injury of the peripheral nervous system. On the other hand, 10–15% of individuals suffer from acute postoperative pain followed by persistent pain after undergoing surgeries. Antidepressants, anticonvulsants, baclofen, and clonidine are used to treat peripheral neuropathy, whereas opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. The negative effects associated with these drugs emphasize the search for alternative therapeutics with better efficacy and fewer side effects. Curcumin, a polyphenol isolated from the roots of Curcuma longa, possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, the low bioavailability and fast metabolism of curcumin have led to the advent of various curcumin formulations. The present review provides a comprehensive analysis on the effects of curcumin and its formulations in preclinical and clinical studies of neuropathic and postoperative pain. Based on the positive outcomes from both preclinical and clinical studies, curcumin holds the promise of mitigating or preventing neuropathic and postoperative pain conditions. However, more clinical studies with improved curcumin formulations are required to involve its use as adjuvant to neuropathic and postoperative drugs.
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150
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Swentek L, Chung D, Ichii H. Antioxidant Therapy in Pancreatitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:657. [PMID: 33922756 PMCID: PMC8144986 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is pathologic inflammation of the pancreas characterized by acinar cell destruction and oxidative stress. Repeated pancreatic insults can result in the development of chronic pancreatitis, characterized by irreversible fibrosis of the pancreas and many secondary sequelae, ultimately leading to the loss of this important organ. We review acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatitis-related complications. We take a close look at the pathophysiology with a focus on oxidative stress and how it contributes to the complications of the disease. We also take a deep dive into the evolution and current status of advanced therapies for management including dietary modification, antioxidant supplementation, and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Nrf2-keap1) pathway activation. In addition, we discuss the surgeries aimed at managing pain and preventing further endocrine dysfunction, such as total pancreatectomy with islet auto-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hirohito Ichii
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA; (L.S.); (D.C.)
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