101
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Dreo J, Attia D, Pirtošek Z, Repovš G. The P3 cognitive ERP has at least some sensory modality-specific generators: Evidence from high-resolution EEG. Psychophysiology 2016; 54:416-428. [PMID: 28039922 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The P3 can arguably be named the most intensely studied ERP. In spite of more than 40 years of research, fundamental questions regarding the nature of its neural generators remain unresolved. While most studies conclude that the P3 is a true classical "endogenous" potential, and that its surface potential distribution remains constant across sensory modalities, these results are largely based on low-density EEG recordings, without the use of high-resolution methods such as the spherical spline Laplacian (SSL). Seventeen healthy participants performed a three-stimulus oddball task in visual and auditory modality while their EEG was recorded using a 128-channel system. Comparison of amplitude-normalized SSL estimated P3 brain-surface potentials, and analysis of spatial and temporal correlations revealed significant differences between visual and auditory evoked P3 topographies from target and distractor stimuli (but not target minus frequent or distractor minus frequent comparisons). Based on these results, we postulate the likely existence of at least some sensory modality-specific neuronal generators of the P3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurij Dreo
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniel Attia
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Philosophy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zvezdan Pirtošek
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Chair of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Grega Repovš
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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102
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Neurofeedback in Learning Disabled Children: Visual versus Auditory Reinforcement. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2016; 41:27-37. [PMID: 26294269 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-015-9309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Children with learning disabilities (LD) frequently have an EEG characterized by an excess of theta and a deficit of alpha activities. NFB using an auditory stimulus as reinforcer has proven to be a useful tool to treat LD children by positively reinforcing decreases of the theta/alpha ratio. The aim of the present study was to optimize the NFB procedure by comparing the efficacy of visual (with eyes open) versus auditory (with eyes closed) reinforcers. Twenty LD children with an abnormally high theta/alpha ratio were randomly assigned to the Auditory or the Visual group, where a 500 Hz tone or a visual stimulus (a white square), respectively, was used as a positive reinforcer when the value of the theta/alpha ratio was reduced. Both groups had signs consistent with EEG maturation, but only the Auditory Group showed behavioral/cognitive improvements. In conclusion, the auditory reinforcer was more efficacious in reducing the theta/alpha ratio, and it improved the cognitive abilities more than the visual reinforcer.
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103
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic nature of the cortical visuospatial attention processes during the line bisection test, which is sensitive to perceptual asymmetries. EEGs of 26 normal volunteers were recorded during the administration of a computerized line bisection test, which requires participants mark the midline of lines using a mouse. Two event-related potentials subsequent and time locked to the line presentations, namely, P300 and a positive slow wave, were obtained. Findings suggested that both potentials were related to the test performance, and the right hemisphere was more active. Analysis suggested a right parietotemporal and superior parietal locus for the P300 and right prefrontal activity for the positive slow wave. A dynamic asymmetrical activity was identified, such that after primary visual perception, spatial processing is then initiated in the right parietotemporal cortex and then proceeds to the right prefrontal cortex.
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104
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Is P3 a strategic or a tactical component? Relationships of P3 sub-components to response times in oddball tasks with go, no-go and choice responses. Neuroimage 2016; 143:223-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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105
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Verleger R, Grauhan N, Śmigasiewicz K. Go and no-go P3 with rare and frequent stimuli in oddball tasks: A study comparing key-pressing with counting. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 110:128-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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106
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Chang YK, Alderman BL, Chu CH, Wang CC, Song TF, Chen FT. Acute exercise has a general facilitative effect on cognitive function: A combined ERP temporal dynamics and BDNF study. Psychophysiology 2016; 54:289-300. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Chang
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University; Taoyuan City Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Brandon L. Alderman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health; Rutgers University; New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| | - Chien-Heng Chu
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University; Taoyuan City Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Chun-Chih Wang
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University; Taoyuan City Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Tai-Fen Song
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University; Taoyuan City Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Feng-Tzu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University; Taoyuan City Taiwan R. O. C
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107
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Tusch ES, Alperin BR, Ryan E, Holcomb PJ, Mohammed AH, Daffner KR. Changes in Neural Activity Underlying Working Memory after Computerized Cognitive Training in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:255. [PMID: 27877122 PMCID: PMC5099139 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Computerized cognitive training (CCT) may counter the impact of aging on cognition, but both the efficacy and neurocognitive mechanisms underlying CCT remain controversial. In this study, 35 older individuals were randomly assigned to Cogmed adaptive working memory (WM) CCT or an active control CCT, featuring five weeks of five ∼40 min sessions per week. Before and after the 5-week intervention, event-related potentials were measured while subjects completed a visual n-back task with three levels of demand (0-back, 1-back, 2-back). The anterior P3a served as an index of directing attention and the posterior P3b as an index of categorization/WM updating. We hypothesized that adaptive CCT would be associated with decreased P3 amplitude at low WM demand and increased P3 amplitude at high WM demand. The adaptive CCT group exhibited a training-related increase in the amplitude of the anterior P3a and posterior P3b in response to target stimuli across n-back tasks, while subjects in the active control CCT group demonstrated a post-training decrease in the anterior P3a. Performance did not differ between groups or sessions. Larger overall P3 amplitudes were strongly associated with better task performance. Increased post-CCT P3 amplitude correlated with improved task performance; this relationship was especially robust at high task load. Our findings suggest that adaptive WM training was associated with increased orienting of attention, as indexed by the P3a, and the enhancement of categorization/WM updating processes, as indexed by the P3b. Increased P3 amplitude was linked to improved performance; however. there was no direct association between adaptive training and improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich S. Tusch
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, USA
| | - Brittany R. Alperin
- Department of Psychology, Oregon Health and Science University, PortlandOR, USA
| | - Eliza Ryan
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, USA
| | | | - Abdul H. Mohammed
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus UniversityVäxjö, Sweden
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska InstitutetHuddinge, Sweden
| | - Kirk R. Daffner
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, USA
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108
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Reconstructing ERP amplitude effects after compensating for trial-to-trial latency jitter: A solution based on a novel application of residue iteration decomposition. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 109:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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109
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Li M, Liu X, Li Q, Ji M, Huang W, Zhang M, Wang T, Luo C, Wang Z, Chen X, Tao L. The magnitude of the central visual field could be detected by active middle-late processing of ERPs. Brain Res 2016; 1650:41-50. [PMID: 27404328 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the changes in event-related potential (ERP) waveforms under different central visual field conditions using a three-stimulus oddball paradigm. Circular checkerboards were presented in the center of a computer screen with a visual angle of 5°, 10°, 20°, or 30°, which were regarded as target stimuli. The ERP waveforms were analyzed separately for different stimulus conditions. Participants responded more slowly and had lower accuracy for the 30° visual field level than the other three visual field levels. The ERP results revealed that the amplitudes of target P2 gradually increased from the 5° to 20° visual field conditions, while they decreased abruptly in the 30° visual field condition. Regional effects showed that the amplitudes of target P2 were larger from the occipital electrodes than that from the temporal sites. Besides the negative-going deflection of target N2 and visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) components having an increasing tendency with expansion of the visual field, there was also a trend that the amplitudes of target P3 were decreased and the peak latencies were prolonged with increasing visual field ranges. In addition, the latencies of the difference P3 had a similar trend to the latencies of the target P3, and all the differences were more obvious at the 30° visual field level. The study demonstrated that middle-late components of ERPs can reflect changes in the visual field to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojuan Li
- Department of Forensic Science, Soochow University, 215021 Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Yancheng Medical Association, 224002 Yancheng, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, 241002 Wuhu, China
| | - Mengmeng Ji
- Department of Forensic Science, Soochow University, 215021 Suzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Huang
- Department of Forensic Science, Soochow University, 215021 Suzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, Soochow University, 215021 Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, Soochow University, 215021 Suzhou, China
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Forensic Science, Soochow University, 215021 Suzhou, China
| | - Zufeng Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, Soochow University, 215021 Suzhou, China
| | - Xiping Chen
- Department of Forensic Science, Soochow University, 215021 Suzhou, China.
| | - Luyang Tao
- Department of Forensic Science, Soochow University, 215021 Suzhou, China
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110
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Pfister R, Wirth R, Schwarz KA, Foerster A, Steinhauser M, Kunde W. The electrophysiological signature of deliberate rule violations. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1870-1877. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Pfister
- Department of Psychology; Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Robert Wirth
- Department of Psychology; Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Katharina A. Schwarz
- Department of Psychology; Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Anna Foerster
- Department of Psychology; Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Marco Steinhauser
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt; Eichstätt Germany
| | - Wilfried Kunde
- Department of Psychology; Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
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111
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Verleger R, Grauhan N, Śmigasiewicz K. Effects of response delays and of unknown stimulus-response mappings on the oddball effect on P3. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1858-1869. [PMID: 27593167 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
P3b is a prominent component of human event-related EEG potentials. P3b has been related to consciousness, encoding into memory, and updating of strategic schemata, among others, yet evidence has also been provided for its close relationship with deciding how to respond to the presented stimuli. P3b is large with rarely occurring stimuli and small with frequent ones. Here, we investigate the extent to which this oddball effect depends on selecting and executing responses. Participants pressed one of two keys in response to one of two letters, one of which was presented rarely and one frequently. Information about letter-key mapping was provided by a second stimulus. In different blocks, this mapping stimulus was either constant across trials or varied randomly, and either preceded or followed the letter. The oddball effect was reduced when responses were delayed (by waiting for the constant mapping stimulus following the letter) and was further reduced when responses could not be assigned to the letters (because letters were followed by varying mapping stimuli). This evidence suggests that P3b is closely related to decision processes, possibly reflecting reactivation of stimulus-response links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Verleger
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nils Grauhan
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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112
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Steinemann NA, Moisello C, Ghilardi MF, Kelly SP. Tracking neural correlates of successful learning over repeated sequence observations. Neuroimage 2016; 137:152-164. [PMID: 27155129 PMCID: PMC4921688 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural correlates of memory formation in humans have long been investigated by exposing subjects to diverse material and comparing responses to items later remembered to those forgotten. Tasks requiring memorization of sensory sequences afford unique possibilities for linking neural memorization processes to behavior, because, rather than comparing across different items of varying content, each individual item can be examined across the successive learning states of being initially unknown, newly learned, and eventually, fully known. Sequence learning paradigms have not yet been exploited in this way, however. Here, we analyze the event-related potentials of subjects attempting to memorize sequences of visual locations over several blocks of repeated observation, with respect to pre- and post-block recall tests. Over centro-parietal regions, we observed a rapid P300 component superimposed on a broader positivity, which exhibited distinct modulations across learning states that were replicated in two separate experiments. Consistent with its well-known encoding of surprise, the P300 deflection monotonically decreased over blocks as locations became better learned and hence more expected. In contrast, the broader positivity was especially elevated at the point when a given item was newly learned, i.e., started being successfully recalled. These results implicate the Broad Positivity in endogenously-driven, intentional memory formation, whereas the P300, in processing the current stimulus to the degree that it was previously uncertain, indexes the cumulative knowledge thereby gained. The decreasing surprise/P300 effect significantly predicted learning success both across blocks and across subjects. This presents a new, neural-based means to evaluate learning capabilities independent of verbal reports, which could have considerable value in distinguishing genuine learning disabilities from difficulties to communicate the outcomes of learning, or perceptual impairments, in a range of clinical brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Steinemann
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The City College of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Clara Moisello
- Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, The City College of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - M Felice Ghilardi
- Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, The City College of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Simon P Kelly
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The City College of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031, USA; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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113
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Chun J, Peltier SJ, Yoon D, Manschreck TC, Deldin PJ. Prolongation of ERP latency and reaction time (RT) in simultaneous EEG/fMRI data acquisition. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 268:78-86. [PMID: 27172845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recording EEG and fMRI data simultaneously inside a fully-operating scanner has been recognized as a novel approach in human brain research. Studies have demonstrated high concordance between the EEG signals and hemodynamic response. However, a few studies reported altered cognitive process inside the fMRI scanner such as delayed reaction time (RT) and reduced and/or delayed N100 and P300 event-related brain potential (ERP) components. NEW METHOD The present study investigated the influence of electromagnetic field (static magnetic field, radio frequency (RF) pulse, and gradient switching) and experimental environment on posterior N100 and P300 ERP components in four different settings with six healthy subjects using a visual oddball task: (1) classic fMRI acquisition inside the scanner (e.g., supine position, mirror glasses for stimulus presentation), (2) standard behavioral experiment outside the scanner (e.g., seated position, keyboard response), (3) controlled fMRI acquisition inside the scanner (e.g., organic light-emitting diode (OLED) goggles for stimulus presentation) inside; and (4) modified behavioral experiment outside the scanner (e.g., supine position, OLED goggles). RESULTS The study findings indicated that the experimental environment in simultaneous EEG/fMRI acquisition could substantially delay N1P, P300 latency, and RT inside the scanner, and was associated with a reduced N1P amplitude. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS There was no effect of electromagnetic field in the prolongation of RT, N1P and P300 latency inside the scanner. N1P, but not P300, latency was sensitive to stimulus presentation method inside the scanner. CONCLUSION Future simultaneous EEG/fMRI data collection should consider experimental environment in both design and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Chun
- Commonwealth Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Fall River, MA, United States.
| | - Scott J Peltier
- Functional MRI Laboratory, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Daehyun Yoon
- Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
| | - Theo C Manschreck
- Commonwealth Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Fall River, MA, United States.
| | - Patricia J Deldin
- Department of Psychology & Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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114
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Deng X, Rosenfeld JP, Ward A, Labkovsky E. Superiority of visual (verbal) vs. auditory test presentation modality in a P300-based CIT: The Complex Trial Protocol for concealed autobiographical memory detection. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 105:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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115
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Verleger R, Śmigasiewicz K. Do Rare Stimuli Evoke Large P3s by Being Unexpected? A Comparison of Oddball Effects Between Standard-Oddball and Prediction-Oddball Tasks. Adv Cogn Psychol 2016; 12:88-104. [PMID: 27512527 PMCID: PMC4975594 DOI: 10.5709/acp-0189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The P3 component of event-related potentials increases when stimuli are rarely
presented. It has been assumed that this oddball effect
(rare-frequent difference) reflects the unexpectedness of rare stimuli. The
assumption of unexpectedness and its link to P3 amplitude were tested here. A
standard- oddball task requiring alternative key-press responses to frequent and
rare stimuli was compared with an oddball-prediction task where
stimuli had to be first predicted and then confirmed by key-pressing. Oddball
effects in the prediction task depended on whether the frequent or the rare
stimulus had been predicted. Oddball effects on P3 amplitudes and error rates in
the standard oddball task closely resembled effects after
frequent predictions. This corroborates the notion that
these effects occur because frequent stimuli are expected and rare stimuli are
unexpected. However, a closer look at the prediction task put this notion into
doubt because the modifications of oddball effects on P3 by expectancies were
entirely due to effects on frequent stimuli, whereas the large P3 amplitudes
evoked by rare stimuli were insensitive to predictions (unlike response times
and error rates). Therefore, rare stimuli cannot be said to evoke large P3
amplitudes because they are unexpected. We discuss these diverging effects of
frequency and expectancy, as well as general differences between tasks, with
respect to concepts and hypotheses about P3b’s function and conclude that each
discussed concept or hypothesis encounters some problems, with a conception in
terms of subjective relevance assigned to stimuli offering the most consistent
account of these basic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Verleger
- Institute of Psychology II , University of Lübeck,
Germany
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116
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Dundon NM, Làdavas E, Maier ME, Bertini C. Multisensory stimulation in hemianopic patients boosts orienting responses to the hemianopic field and reduces attentional resources to the intact field. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 33:405-19. [PMID: 26409401 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-140457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lateralised lesions can disrupt inhibitory cross-callosal fibres which maintain interhemispheric equilibrium in attention networks, with a consequent attentional bias towards the ipsilesional field. Some evidence of this imbalance has also been found in hemianopic patients (Tant et al., 2002). The aim of the present study was to reduce this attentional bias in hemianopic patients by using multisensory stimulation capable of activating subcortical structures responsible for orienting attention, such as the superior colliculus. METHODS Eight hemianopic patients underwent a course of multisensory stimulation treatment for two weeks and their behavioural and electrophysiological performance was tested at three time intervals: baseline 1 (before treatment), control baseline 2 (two weeks after baseline 1 and immediately before treatment as a control for practice effects) and finally after treatment. RESULTS The results show improvements on various clinical measures, on orienting responses in the hemianopic field, and a reduction of electrophysiological activity (P3 amplitude) in response to stimuli presented in the intact visual field. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the primary visual deficit in hemianopic patients might be accompanied by an ipsilesional attentional bias which might be reduced by multisensory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Dundon
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,CSRNC, Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Làdavas
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,CSRNC, Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Italy
| | - Martin E Maier
- CSRNC, Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Caterina Bertini
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,CSRNC, Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Italy
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117
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Naber M, Vedder A, Brown SBRE, Nieuwenhuis S. Speed and Lateral Inhibition of Stimulus Processing Contribute to Individual Differences in Stroop-Task Performance. Front Psychol 2016; 7:822. [PMID: 27313555 PMCID: PMC4887505 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Stroop task is a popular neuropsychological test that measures executive control. Strong Stroop interference is commonly interpreted in neuropsychology as a diagnostic marker of impairment in executive control, possibly reflecting executive dysfunction. However, popular models of the Stroop task indicate that several other aspects of color and word processing may also account for individual differences in the Stroop task, independent of executive control. Here we use new approaches to investigate the degree to which individual differences in Stroop interference correlate with the relative processing speed of word and color stimuli, and the lateral inhibition between visual stimuli. We conducted an electrophysiological and behavioral experiment to measure (1) how quickly an individual’s brain processes words and colors presented in isolation (P3 latency), and (2) the strength of an individual’s lateral inhibition between visual representations with a visual illusion. Both measures explained at least 40% of the variance in Stroop interference across individuals. As these measures were obtained in contexts not requiring any executive control, we conclude that the Stroop effect also measures an individual’s pre-set way of processing visual features such as words and colors. This study highlights the important contributions of stimulus processing speed and lateral inhibition to individual differences in Stroop interference, and challenges the general view that the Stroop task primarily assesses executive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnix Naber
- Experimental Psychology, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands; Vision Sciences Laboratory, Harvard University, CambridgeMA, USA; Cognitive Psychology, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Anneke Vedder
- Vision Sciences Laboratory, Harvard University, CambridgeMA, USA; Clinical Psychology, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Sander Nieuwenhuis
- Cognitive Psychology, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
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118
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New insights into old waves. Matching stimulus- and response-locked ERPs on the same time-window. Biol Psychol 2016; 117:202-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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119
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Mannarelli D, Pauletti C, De Lucia MC, Delle Chiaie R, Bersani FS, Spagnoli F, Minichino A, Currà A, Trompetto C, Fattapposta F. Effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on attentional processing of the stimulus: Evidence from an event-related potentials study. Neuropsychologia 2016; 84:127-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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120
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Reaction Time in a Visual 4-Choice Reaction Time Task: ERP Effects of Motor Preparation and Hemispheric Involvement. Brain Topogr 2016; 29:491-505. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-016-0473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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121
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Pail M, Dufková P, Mareček R, Zelinková J, Mikl M, Joel Shaw D, Brázdil M. Connectivity of Superior Temporal Sulcus During Target Detection. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The aim of the current research was to study functional connectivity (FC) of the right superior temporal sulcus (rSTS) during visual target stimulus processing. This structure is presumed to be crucial in social cognition, but evidently participates in target detection as well. Twenty subjects participated in functional magnetic resonance examination for studying FC. We used psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis of data acquired during the visual oddball task. During the visual oddball task rSTS had increased connectivity bilaterally with structures involved in memory operations (mesiotemporal cortices and basal ganglia) and evaluative processing related to decision making (left anterior cingulate cortex). Moreover, we revealed decreased connectivity of rSTS with structures involved in attentional processes (right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the posterior area with bilateral parietal cortex). Based on our results we hypothesize that in the detection of rare events, during visual information processing, rSTS is involved within neuronal networks related to attention, but also at later stages of stimuli processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pail
- Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
- First Department of Neurology, Masaryk University, School of Medicine and St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Dufková
- First Department of Neurology, Masaryk University, School of Medicine and St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Mareček
- First Department of Neurology, Masaryk University, School of Medicine and St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Molecular and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zelinková
- Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
- First Department of Neurology, Masaryk University, School of Medicine and St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Mikl
- First Department of Neurology, Masaryk University, School of Medicine and St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Molecular and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Joel Shaw
- Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Brázdil
- Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
- First Department of Neurology, Masaryk University, School of Medicine and St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
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122
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The association between a history of concussion and variability in behavioral and neuroelectric indices of cognition. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 98:426-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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123
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Sessa P, Meconi F. Perceived trustworthiness shapes neural empathic responses toward others' pain. Neuropsychologia 2015; 79:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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124
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Nieuwenhuis S, De Geus EJ, Aston-Jones G. The anatomical and functional relationship between the P3 and autonomic components of the orienting response. Psychophysiology 2015; 48:162-75. [PMID: 20557480 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many psychophysiologists have noted the striking similarities between the antecedent conditions for the P3 component of the event-related potential and the orienting response: both are typically elicited by salient, unexpected, novel, task-relevant, and other motivationally significant stimuli. Although the close coupling of the P3 and orienting response has been well documented, the neural basis and functional role of this relationship is still poorly understood. Here we propose that the simultaneous occurrence of the P3 and autonomic components of the orienting response reflects the co-activation of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system by their common major afferent: the rostral ventrolateral medulla, a key sympathoexcitatory region. A comparison of the functional significance of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system suggests that the P3 and orienting response reflect complementary cognitive and physical contributions to the mobilization for action following motivationally significant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Nieuwenhuis
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The NetherlandsInstitute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Eco J De Geus
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The NetherlandsInstitute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gary Aston-Jones
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The NetherlandsInstitute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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125
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Pinal D, Zurrón M, Díaz F. An Event Related Potentials Study of the Effects of Age, Load and Maintenance Duration on Working Memory Recognition. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143117. [PMID: 26569113 PMCID: PMC4646362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in cognitive capacities has been attributed to a generalized slowing of processing speed and a reduction in working memory (WM) capacity. Nevertheless, it is unclear how age affects visuospatial WM recognition and its underlying brain electrical activity. Whether age modulates the effects of memory load or information maintenance duration, which determine the limits of WM, remains also elusive. In this exploratory study, performance in a delayed match to sample task declined with age, particularly in conditions with high memory load. Event related potentials analysis revealed longer N2 and P300 latencies in old than in young adults during WM recognition, which may reflect slowing of stimulus evaluation and classification processes, respectively. Although there were no differences between groups in N2 or P300 amplitudes, the latter was more homogeneously distributed in old than in young adults, which may indicate an age-related increased reliance in frontal vs parietal resources during WM recognition. This was further supported by an age-related reduced posterior cingulate activation and increased superior frontal gyrus activation revealed through standardized low resolution electromagnetic tomography. Memory load and maintenance duration effects on brain activity were similar in both age groups. These behavioral and electrophysiological results add evidence in support of age-related decline in WM recognition theories, with a slowing of processing speed that may be limited to stimulus evaluation and categorization processes -with no effects on perceptual processes- and a posterior to anterior shift in the recruitment of neural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Pinal
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Montserrat Zurrón
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain
| | - Fernando Díaz
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain
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126
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The P300 component wave reveals differences in subclinical anxious-depressive states during bimodal oddball tasks: An effect of stimulus congruence. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:2108-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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127
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Wetzel N, Schröger E. On the development of auditory distraction: A review. Psych J 2015; 3:72-91. [PMID: 26271640 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present review focuses on the development of involuntary attention mechanisms in the context of the occurrence of unexpected events during childhood. We introduce a prevailing three-stage model of auditory involuntary attention describing the processes leading to, accompanying, and following the distraction of attention by prediction violations: (a) the automatic detection of prediction violations (associated with the event-related potential [ERP] component mismatch negativity [MMN]), (b) the involuntary orienting of attention processes towards the prediction violating sound (associated with the ERP component P3a), and (c) the reorienting back to task-relevant information (associated with the ERP components reorienting negativity [RON] or late discriminative negativity [LDN]). Within this framework we give an overview of studies investigating MMN, P3a, RON/LDN, and behavioral distraction effects in children. We discuss the development of the underlying involuntary attention mechanisms and highlight the relevance of and future perspectives for this important field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wetzel
- Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Erich Schröger
- Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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128
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Guo W, Ren J, Wang B, Zhu Q. Effects of Relaxing Music on Mental Fatigue Induced by a Continuous Performance Task: Behavioral and ERPs Evidence. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136446. [PMID: 26305353 PMCID: PMC4549311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether listening to relaxing music would help reduce mental fatigue and to maintain performance after a continuous performance task. The experiment involved two fatigue evaluation phases carried out before and after a fatigue inducing phase. A 1-hour AX-continuous performance test was used to induce mental fatigue in the fatigue-inducing phase, and participants’ subjective evaluation on the mental fatigue, as well as their neurobehavioral performance in a Go/NoGo task, were measured before and after the fatigue-inducing phase. A total of 36 undergraduate students (18–22 years) participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the music group and control group. The music group performed the fatigue-inducing task while listening to relaxing music, and the control group performed the same task without any music. Our results revealed that after the fatigue-inducing phase, (a) the music group demonstrated significantly less mental fatigue than control group, (b) reaction time significantly increased for the control group but not for the music group, (c) larger Go-P3 and NoGo-P3 amplitudes were observed in the music group, although larger NoGo-N2 amplitudes were detected for both groups. These results combined to suggest that listening to relaxing music alleviated the mental fatigue associated with performing an enduring cognitive-motor task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ren
- China Table Tennis College, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Biye Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
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129
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Chaddock-Heyman L, Hillman CH, Cohen NJ, Kramer AF. III. The importance of physical activity and aerobic fitness for cognitive control and memory in children. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 2015; 79:25-50. [PMID: 25387414 DOI: 10.1111/mono.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we review literature that examines the association among physical activity, aerobic fitness, cognition, and the brain in elementary school children (ages 7-10 years). Specifically, physical activity and higher levels of aerobic fitness in children have been found to benefit brain structure, brain function, cognition, and school achievement. For example, higher fit children have larger brain volumes in the basal ganglia and hippocampus, which relate to superior performance on tasks of cognitive control and memory, respectively, when compared to their lower fit peers. Higher fit children also show superior brain function during tasks of cognitive control, better scores on tests of academic achievement, and higher performance on a real-world street crossing task, compared to lower fit and less active children. The cross-sectional findings are strengthened by a few randomized, controlled trials, which demonstrate that children randomly assigned to a physical activity intervention group show greater brain and cognitive benefits compared to a control group. Because these findings suggest that the developing brain is plastic and sensitive to lifestyle factors, we also discuss typical structural and functional brain maturation in children to provide context in which to interpret the effects of physical activity and aerobic fitness on the developing brain. This research is important because children are becoming increasingly sedentary, physically inactive, and unfit. An important goal of this review is to emphasize the importance of physical activity and aerobic fitness for the cognitive and brain health of today's youth.
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130
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Ouyang G, Sommer W, Zhou C. A toolbox for residue iteration decomposition (RIDE)—A method for the decomposition, reconstruction, and single trial analysis of event related potentials. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 250:7-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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131
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Sangün Ö, Demirci S, Dündar N, Pirgon Ö, Koca T, Doğan M, Dündar B. The Effects of Six-Month L-Thyroxine Treatment on Cognitive Functions and Event-Related Brain Potentials in Children with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2015; 7:102-8. [PMID: 26316431 PMCID: PMC4563180 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive status of children with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) before and after L-thyroxine (L-T4) treatment using event-related potentials (ERPs) and neuropsychological tests. METHODS This prospective study was conducted on a series of 20 children with mild SH (free T4 normal and thyroid-stimulating hormone level within 5-10 µIU/L) who underwent clinical and cognitive assessment before L-T4 treatment and 6 months afterwards. The recordings of ERPs were done at the time of diagnosis and after 6 months of euthyroid state. Neuropsychiatric tests for attention, perception, close and remote memory were performed on all patients and on the control group which consisted of 20 healthy children of normal intelligence. RESULTS While pretreatment verbal memory (VM) and verbal recall (VR) scores of the SH group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p=0.004 and 0.012, respectively), no significant differences between the post-treatment and control groups were found in these scores after 6 months of L-T4 treatment. Post-treatment VM and VR scores were significantly higher than the pretreatment scores in the SH group (p=0.008 and p=0.0001). There were no significant differences between the pre-and post-treatment values of electrophysiological evaluation in N1, P2, P3 latencies or P3 amplitude (p>0.05), although there was a significant decrease in N2 latency in the post-treatment group (p=0.03). CONCLUSION SH affects cognition in children and L-T4 replacement therapy leads to normalization of cognitive functions. Neuropsychological tests can be used as complementary measures in the evaluation of children with SH. Determining the association between ERPs and SH would contribute to the comprehensive evaluation of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Sangün
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Serpil Demirci
- Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nihal Dündar
- Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Pirgon
- Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Koca
- Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Melike Doğan
- Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Bumin Dündar
- Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey Phone: +90 232 329 35 35 E-mail:
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132
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Kayser J, Tenke CE. Issues and considerations for using the scalp surface Laplacian in EEG/ERP research: A tutorial review. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 97:189-209. [PMID: 25920962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recognition that the surface Laplacian may counteract adverse effects of volume conduction and recording reference for surface potential data, electrophysiology as a discipline has been reluctant to embrace this approach for data analysis. The reasons for such hesitation are manifold but often involve unfamiliarity with the nature of the underlying transformation, as well as intimidation by a perceived mathematical complexity, and concerns of signal loss, dense electrode array requirements, or susceptibility to noise. We revisit the pitfalls arising from volume conduction and the mandated arbitrary choice of EEG reference, describe the basic principle of the surface Laplacian transform in an intuitive fashion, and exemplify the differences between common reference schemes (nose, linked mastoids, average) and the surface Laplacian for frequently-measured EEG spectra (theta, alpha) and standard event-related potential (ERP) components, such as N1 or P3. We specifically review common reservations against the universal use of the surface Laplacian, which can be effectively addressed by employing spherical spline interpolations with an appropriate selection of the spline flexibility parameter and regularization constant. We argue from a pragmatic perspective that not only are these reservations unfounded but that the continued predominant use of surface potentials poses a considerable impediment on the progress of EEG and ERP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kayser
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Craig E Tenke
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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133
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Verleger R, Asanowicz D, Werner L, Śmigasiewicz K. Biased odds for heads or tails: Outcome-evoked P3 depends on frequencies of guesses. Psychophysiology 2015; 52:1048-58. [PMID: 25882775 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Events that had to be predicted evoke large P3 components of the event-related EEG potential. There is conflicting evidence whether these P3s are moderated by participants' preceding guesses. In the present study, participants made one prediction frequently and the other rarely because one stimulus was presented frequently and the other rarely. Thereby, effects on stimulus-evoked P3s of both guess frequency and stimulus frequency could be tested. Indeed, P3s were not only larger with rare than frequent stimuli but also larger after rare than frequent guesses. This result pattern may have additionally been affected by expectancies for payoff. In any case, the modification of outcome-evoked P3 by what had been guessed may reflect that each of the four guess-stimulus combinations is encoded as a separate event category. In terms of the stimulus-response link hypothesis of P3b, it is suggested that P3s are evoked by these events because internal responses (right or wrong) are associated to each of these event categories and need to be reactivated with rare guess-stimulus combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Verleger
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dariusz Asanowicz
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lucas Werner
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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134
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Finke M, Sandmann P, Kopp B, Lenarz T, Büchner A. Auditory distraction transmitted by a cochlear implant alters allocation of attentional resources. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:68. [PMID: 25798083 PMCID: PMC4350405 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear implants (CIs) are auditory prostheses which restore hearing via electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. The successful adaptation of auditory cognition to the CI input depends to a substantial degree on individual factors. We pursued an electrophysiological approach toward an analysis of cortical responses that reflect perceptual processing stages and higher-level responses to CI input. Performance and event-related potentials on two cross-modal discrimination-following-distraction (DFD) tasks from CI users and normal-hearing (NH) individuals were compared. The visual-auditory distraction task combined visual distraction with following auditory discrimination performance. Here, we observed similar cortical responses to visual distractors (Novelty-N2) and slowed, less accurate auditory discrimination performance in CI users when compared to NH individuals. Conversely, the auditory-visual distraction task was used to combine auditory distraction with visual discrimination performance. In this task we found attenuated cortical responses to auditory distractors (Novelty-P3), slowed visual discrimination performance, and attenuated cortical P3-responses to visual targets in CI users compared to NH individuals. These results suggest that CI users process auditory distractors differently than NH individuals and that the presence of auditory CI input has an adverse effect on the processing of visual targets and the visual discrimination ability in implanted individuals. We propose that this attenuation of the visual modality occurs through the allocation of neural resources to the CI input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Finke
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" Hannover, Germany ; Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Pascale Sandmann
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" Hannover, Germany ; Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Bruno Kopp
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" Hannover, Germany ; Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Büchner
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" Hannover, Germany ; Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
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135
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Variability of single trial brain activation predicts fluctuations in reaction time. Biol Psychol 2015; 106:50-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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136
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O׳Regan L, Farina F, Hussey I, Roche R. Event-related brain potentials reveal correlates of the transformation of stimulus functions through derived relations in healthy humans. Brain Res 2015; 1599:168-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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137
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Evidence suggesting superiority of visual (verbal) vs. auditory test presentation modality in the P300-based, Complex Trial Protocol for concealed autobiographical memory detection. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 96:16-22. [PMID: 25728461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
One group of participants received a series of city name stimuli presented on trials of the Complex Trial Protocol (CTP) version of a P300-based, concealed information test (CIT). Stimuli were presented on alternating trials in either auditory or visual presentation modality. In 1/7 of the trials the participant's home town (probe) repeatedly appeared in a series of 6 other (irrelevant) repeated city names. In both modalities, probe stimuli produced larger P300s than irrelevant stimuli. Visual stimuli produced shorter behavioral reaction times and P300 latencies, as well as larger P300 probe amplitudes, probe-irrelevant amplitude differences, and individual diagnostic accuracies than the same stimuli presented in the auditory modality. Possible reasons for these effects are discussed, and subject to discussed limitations, the applied conclusion reached is that in all CITs, visual presentation of stimuli, if feasible, should be preferentially used.
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138
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Ouyang G, Sommer W, Zhou C. Updating and validating a new framework for restoring and analyzing latency-variable ERP components from single trials with residue iteration decomposition (RIDE). Psychophysiology 2015; 52:839-56. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Ouyang
- Department of Physics; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong
- Centre for Nonlinear Studies and The Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems (Hong Kong); Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong
- Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong
| | - Werner Sommer
- Department of Psychology; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Changsong Zhou
- Department of Physics; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong
- Centre for Nonlinear Studies and The Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems (Hong Kong); Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong
- Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong
- Research Centre, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education; Shenzhen China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center; Beijing China
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139
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Ergen M, Saban S, Kirmizi-Alsan E, Uslu A, Keskin-Ergen Y, Demiralp T. Time–frequency analysis of the event-related potentials associated with the Stroop test. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 94:463-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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140
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Kamp SM, Donchin E. ERP and pupil responses to deviance in an oddball paradigm. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:460-71. [PMID: 25369764 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between, and functional significance of, P300, novelty P3, and the pupil dilation response (PDR). Subjects categorized stimuli including (a) words of a frequent category, (b) words of an infrequent category (14%), and (c) pictures of the frequent category ("novels"; 14%). The P300 and novelty P3 were uncorrelated with the PDR and differed in their response to experimental manipulation. Therefore, although the three physiological responses often co-occur, they appear to each manifest a distinct function: The PDR may be more closely linked to aspects of behavioral responding than the event-related potentials. Within participants, P300 and PDR latencies accounted for unique portions of the reaction time variance, and amplitudes of all three responses were larger for stimuli recalled on a subsequent test, compared to not recalled. We discuss the possibility that all three responses reflect norepinephric input from the locus coeruleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri-Maria Kamp
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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141
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Hillman CH, Pontifex MB, Castelli DM, Khan NA, Raine LB, Scudder MR, Drollette ES, Moore RD, Wu CT, Kamijo K. Effects of the FITKids randomized controlled trial on executive control and brain function. Pediatrics 2014; 134:e1063-71. [PMID: 25266425 PMCID: PMC4179093 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a physical activity (PA) intervention on brain and behavioral indices of executive control in preadolescent children. METHODS Two hundred twenty-one children (7-9 years) were randomly assigned to a 9-month afterschool PA program or a wait-list control. In addition to changes in fitness (maximal oxygen consumption), electrical activity in the brain (P3-ERP) and behavioral measures (accuracy, reaction time) of executive control were collected by using tasks that modulated attentional inhibition and cognitive flexibility. RESULTS Fitness improved more among intervention participants from pretest to posttest compared with the wait-list control (1.3 mL/kg per minute, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3 to 2.4; d = 0.34 for group difference in pre-to-post change score). Intervention participants exhibited greater improvements from pretest to posttest in inhibition (3.2%, 95% CI: 0.0 to 6.5; d = 0.27) and cognitive flexibility (4.8%, 95% CI: 1.1 to 8.4; d = 0.35 for group difference in pre-to-post change score) compared with control. Only the intervention group increased attentional resources from pretest to posttest during tasks requiring increased inhibition (1.4 µV, 95% CI: 0.3 to 2.6; d = 0.34) and cognitive flexibility (1.5 µV, 95% CI: 0.6 to 2.5; d = 0.43). Finally, improvements in brain function on the inhibition task (r = 0.22) and performance on the flexibility task correlated with intervention attendance (r = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS The intervention enhanced cognitive performance and brain function during tasks requiring greater executive control. These findings demonstrate a causal effect of a PA program on executive control, and provide support for PA for improving childhood cognition and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H. Hillman
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Matthew B. Pontifex
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Darla M. Castelli
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Naiman A. Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Lauren B. Raine
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Mark R. Scudder
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Eric S. Drollette
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Robert D. Moore
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Chien-Ting Wu
- Department of Exercise Science, Schreiner College, Kerrville, Texas; and
| | - Keita Kamijo
- School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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142
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COMT Val158Met genotype is associated with fluctuations in working memory performance: converging evidence from behavioural and single-trial P3b measures. Neuroimage 2014; 100:489-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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143
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Verleger R, Metzner MF, Ouyang G, Śmigasiewicz K, Zhou C. Testing the stimulus-to-response bridging function of the oddball-P3 by delayed response signals and residue iteration decomposition (RIDE). Neuroimage 2014; 100:271-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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144
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Sassenhagen J, Schlesewsky M, Bornkessel-Schlesewsky I. The P600-as-P3 hypothesis revisited: single-trial analyses reveal that the late EEG positivity following linguistically deviant material is reaction time aligned. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2014; 137:29-39. [PMID: 25151545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The P600, a late positive ERP component following linguistically deviant stimuli, is commonly seen as indexing structural, high-level processes, e.g. of linguistic (re)analysis. It has also been identified with the P3 (P600-as-P3 hypothesis), which is thought to reflect a systemic neuromodulator release facilitating behavioural shifts and is usually response time aligned. We investigated single-trial alignment of the P600 to response, a critical prediction of the P600-as-P3 hypothesis. Participants heard sentences containing morphosyntactic and semantic violations and responded via a button press. The elicited P600 was perfectly response aligned, while an N400 following semantic deviations was stimulus aligned. This is, to our knowledge, the first single-trial analysis of language processing data using within-sentence behavioural responses as temporal covariates. Results support the P600-as-P3 perspective and thus constitute a step towards a neurophysiological grounding of language-related ERPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona Sassenhagen
- Department of Germanic Linguistics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of English and Linguistics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesewsky
- Department of English and Linguistics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewsky
- Department of Germanic Linguistics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
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145
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Spapé MM, Hoggan EE, Jacucci G, Ravaja N. The meaning of the virtual Midas touch: an ERP study in economic decision making. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:378-87. [PMID: 25265874 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Midas touch refers to the altruistic effects of a brief touch. Though these effects have often been replicated, they remain poorly understood. We investigate the psychophysiology of the effect using remotely transmitted, precisely timed, tactile messages in an economic decision-making game called Ultimatum. Participants were more likely to accept offers after receiving a remotely transmitted touch. Furthermore, we found distinct effects of touch on event-related potentials evoked by (a) feedback regarding accepted and rejected offers, (b) decision cues related to proposals, and (c) the haptic and auditory cues themselves. In each case, a late positive effect of touch was observed and related to the P3. Given the role of the P3 in memory-related functions, the results indicate an indirect relationship between touch and generosity that relies on memory. This hypothesis was further tested and confirmed in the positive effects of touch on later proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel M Spapé
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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146
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Themanson JR, Rosen PJ. Examining the relationships between self-efficacy, task-relevant attentional control , and task performance: Evidence from event-related brain potentials. Br J Psychol 2014; 106:253-71. [PMID: 25220736 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Self-efficacy (SE) is a modifiable psychosocial factor related to individuals' beliefs in their capabilities to successfully complete courses of action and has been shown to be positively associated with task performance. The authors hypothesized that one means through which SE is related with improved performance is through enhanced task-relevant attentional control during task execution. To assess this hypothesis, we examined the relationships between SE and behavioural and neural indices of task performance and task-relevant attentional control for 76 young adults during the completion of a flanker task. Results showed that greater SE was associated with greater response accuracy and P3b amplitude across task conditions, and faster RT under more difficult task conditions. Additionally, P3b amplitude was found to mediate the relationship between SE and task performance in the difficult condition. These findings suggest that greater attentional allocation to task-relevant processes, including monitoring stimulus-response relationships and focusing attention on working memory operations, may help explain the association between SE and improved task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Themanson
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL, USA
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147
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Nie Y, Zhang Y, Nelson PB. Auditory stream segregation using bandpass noises: evidence from event-related potentials. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:277. [PMID: 25309306 PMCID: PMC4162371 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study measured neural responses to investigate auditory stream segregation of noise stimuli with or without clear spectral contrast. Sequences of alternating A and B noise bursts were presented to elicit stream segregation in normal-hearing listeners. The successive B bursts in each sequence maintained an equal amount of temporal separation with manipulations introduced on the last stimulus. The last B burst was either delayed for 50% of the sequences or not delayed for the other 50%. The A bursts were jittered in between every two adjacent B bursts. To study the effects of spectral separation on streaming, the A and B bursts were further manipulated by using either bandpass-filtered noises widely spaced in center frequency or broadband noises. Event-related potentials (ERPs) to the last B bursts were analyzed to compare the neural responses to the delay vs. no-delay trials in both passive and attentive listening conditions. In the passive listening condition, a trend for a possible late mismatch negativity (MMN) or late discriminative negativity (LDN) response was observed only when the A and B bursts were spectrally separate, suggesting that spectral separation in the A and B burst sequences could be conducive to stream segregation at the pre-attentive level. In the attentive condition, a P300 response was consistently elicited regardless of whether there was spectral separation between the A and B bursts, indicating the facilitative role of voluntary attention in stream segregation. The results suggest that reliable ERP measures can be used as indirect indicators for auditory stream segregation in conditions of weak spectral contrast. These findings have important implications for cochlear implant (CI) studies-as spectral information available through a CI device or simulation is substantially degraded, it may require more attention to achieve stream segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjiu Nie
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison UniversityHarrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of MinnesotaTwin-Cities, MN, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of MinnesotaTwin-Cities, MN, USA
| | - Peggy B. Nelson
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of MinnesotaTwin-Cities, MN, USA
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148
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Duan X, Shi J. Attentional switching in intellectually gifted and average children: effects on performance and ERP. Psychol Rep 2014; 114:597-607. [PMID: 24897910 DOI: 10.2466/04.10.pr0.114k21w8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study compared the performance and brain activity of children who were intellectually gifted or of average intelligence. 13 intellectually gifted (4 girls, 9 boys; M age = 12.0 yr., SD = 0.2) and 13 average children (5 girls, 8 boys; M age = 11.9 yr., SD = 0.3) participated in a task-switching experiment. The children performed a task repeatedly (single-trial blocks) or switched between two different tasks (mixed-trial blocks). Intellectually gifted children performed quicker than the average group for both mixed and single-trial blocks. The electroencephalography P300 amplitude was larger in the mixed compared to the single-trial condition, but this effect was observed only in the gifted children. The results support the notion that gifted children are characterized by a faster maturation that leads to an 'adult-like' brain activity.
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149
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Stimulus-to-matching-stimulus interval influences N1, P2, and P3b in an equiprobable Go/NoGo task. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 94:59-68. [PMID: 25034341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that as the stimulus-to-matching-stimulus interval (including the target-to-target interval, TTI, and nontarget-to-nontarget interval, NNI) increases, the amplitude of the P300 ERP component increases systematically. Here, we extended previous P300 research and explored TTI and NNI effects on the various ERP components elicited in an auditory equiprobable Go/NoGo task. We also examined whether a similar mechanism was underpinning interval effects in early ERP components (e.g., N1). Thirty participants completed a specially-designed variable-ISI equiprobable task whilst their EEG activity was recorded. Component amplitudes were extracted using temporal PCA with unrestricted Varimax rotation. As expected, N1, P2, and P3b amplitudes increased as TTI and NNI increased, however, Processing Negativity (PN) and Slow Wave (SW) did not show the same systematic change with interval increments. To determine the origin of interval effects in sequential processing, a multiple regression analysis was conducted on each ERP component including stimulus type, interval, and all preceding components as predictors. These analyses showed that matching-stimulus interval predicted N1, P3b, and weakly predicted P2, but not PN or SW; SW was determined by P3b only. These results suggest that N1, P3b, and to some extent, P2, are affected by a similar temporal mechanism. However, the dissimilar pattern of results obtained for sequential ERP components indicates that matching-stimulus intervals are not affecting all aspects of stimulus processing. This argues against a global mechanism, such as a pathway-specific refractory effect, and suggests that stimulus processing is occurring in parallel pathways, some of which are not affected by temporal manipulations of matching-stimulus interval.
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150
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Breska A, Deouell LY. Automatic Bias of Temporal Expectations following Temporally Regular Input Independently of High-level Temporal Expectation. J Cogn Neurosci 2014; 26:1555-71. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Exposure to rhythmic stimulation results in facilitated responses to events that appear in-phase with the rhythm and modulation of anticipatory and target-evoked brain activity, presumably reflecting “exogenous,” unintentional temporal expectations. However, the extent to which this effect is independent from intentional processes is not clear. In two EEG experiments, we isolated the unintentional component of this effect from high-level, intentional factors. Visual targets were presented either in-phase or out-of-phase with regularly flickering colored stimuli. In different blocks, the rhythm could be predictive (i.e., high probability for in-phase target) or not, and the color could be predictive (i.e., validly cue the interval to the target) or not. Exposure to nonpredictive rhythms resulted in faster responses for in-phase targets, even when the color predicted specific out-of-phase target times. Also, the contingent negative variation, an EEG component reflecting temporal anticipation, followed the interval of the nonpredictive rhythm and not that of the predictive color. Thus, rhythmic stimulation unintentionally induced expectations, even when this was detrimental. Intentional usage of predictive rhythms to form expectations resulted in a stronger behavioral effect, and only predictive cues modulated the latency of the target-evoked P3, presumably reflecting stimulus evaluation. These findings establish the existence of unintentional temporal expectations in rhythmic contexts, dissociate them from intentional expectations, and highlight the need to distinguish between the source of expectation (exogenous–endogenous) and the level of voluntary control involved in it (unintentional–intentional).
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