101
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Sun Z, Wang X. Protective effects of polydatin on multiple organ ischemia-reperfusion injury. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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102
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Han SJ, Lee HT. Mechanisms and therapeutic targets of ischemic acute kidney injury. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2019; 38:427-440. [PMID: 31537053 PMCID: PMC6913588 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.19.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) is a major clinical problem without effective therapy and is a significant and frequent cause of morbidity and mortality during the perioperative period. Although the pathophysiology of ischemic AKI is not completely understood, several important mechanisms of renal IR-induced AKI have been studied. Renal ischemia and subsequent reperfusion injury initiates signaling cascades mediating renal cell necrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation, leading to AKI. Better understanding of the molecular and cellular pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ischemic AKI will provide more targeted approach to prevent and treat renal IR injury. In this review, we summarize important mechanisms of ischemic AKI, including renal cell death pathways and the contribution of endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and leukocytes to the inflammatory response during ischemic AKI. Additionally, we provide some updated potential therapeutic targets for the prevention or treatment of ischemic AKI, including Toll-like receptors, adenosine receptors, and peptidylarginine deiminase 4. Finally, we propose mechanisms of ischemic AKI-induced liver, intestine, and kidney dysfunction and systemic inflammation mainly mediated by Paneth cell degranulation as a potential explanation for the high mortality observed with AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Thomas Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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103
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Gholampour F, Malekpour Mansourkhani S, Mohammad Owji S. Amelioration of testicular damages in renal ischemia/reperfusion by berberine: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2019; 17:799-806. [PMID: 31911962 PMCID: PMC6906871 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v17i10.5488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic acute kidney injury is associated with an inflammatory reaction. Objective In the current study, berberine was assessed for its effect on the functional disorders and histological damages of testis induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Materials and Methods Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats (260-300 gr) were equally divided into four groups (n = 7/each): sham and I/R groups which received distilled water as well as berberine (BBR) and BBR + I/R groups which received berberine (15 mg/kg/day) orally seven days before the surgery. In both groups of sham and BBR, renal arteries were not clamped. Renal I/R was induced by occluding right and left renal artery for 45 min followed by a 24 hr reperfusion period. Blood samples were taken for determining the plasma levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen, FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), and testosterone. Then the rats were killed under deep anesthesia and the left testis was immediately isolated and preserved. Results The renal I/R injury led to testicular histological damages accompanied with increased plasma levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen, LH, and FSH, as well decrease of plasma testosterone concentration at the end of 24 hr reperfusion (All p < 0.001, except for FSH p < 0.01). Berberine diminished histological damage to the testis and attenuated the increase in plasma creatinine, urea nitrogen, LH, FSH, and decrease in plasma testosterone concentration in the BBR + I/R group (All p < 0.001). Conclusion These results suggest that ischemic acute renal failure induces functional disorders and tissue damages in testis of rat, which was improved through the administration of berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Owji
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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104
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Feng J, Kong R, Xie L, Lu W, Zhang Y, Dong H, Jiang H. Clemaichinenoside protects renal tubular epithelial cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in vitro through activating the Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:495-502. [PMID: 31785117 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Nephrology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Ranran Kong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Liyi Xie
- Department of Nephrology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Wanhong Lu
- Department of Nephrology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Nephrology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Hongjuan Dong
- Department of Nephrology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Hongli Jiang
- Blood Purification Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
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105
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Liu P, Li X, Lv W, Xu Z. Inhibition of CXCL1-CXCR2 axis ameliorates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by mediating inflammatory response. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 122:109693. [PMID: 31812015 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the limiting side effects of cisplatin use in cancer chemotherapy is nephrotoxicity. Inflammation is now believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), and the mediators of inflammation contribute to it. CXCL1 was recently reported to be involved in renal physiology and pathology in ischemia mouse model; however, its roles and mechanisms in cisplatin-induced AKI are completely unknown. We observed that CXCL1 and CXCR2 expression in the kidney was markedly increased on day 7 after cisplatin treatment. Subsequently, we demonstrate that inhibition of CXCL1-CXCR2 signaling axis, using genetic and pharmacological approaches, reduces renal damage following cisplatin treatment as compared with control mice. Specifically, deficiency of CXCL1 or CXCR2 extensively preserved the renal histology and maintained the kidney functions after cisplatin treatment, which was associated with reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and infiltration of neutrophils in the kidneys as compared. Furthermore, inhibition of CXCR2 by intragastric administration of repertaxin in mice with AKI reduces kidney injury associated with a reduction of inflammatory cytokines and neutrophils infiltration. Finally, we found that CXCL1/CXCR2 regulated cisplatin-induced inflammatory responses via the P38 and NF-κB signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our results indicate that CXCL1-CXCR2 signaling axis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced AKI through regulation of inflammatory response and maybe a novel therapeutic target for cisplatin-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hwamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinxiu Li
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Hwamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China.
| | - Weixing Lv
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hwamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhaojun Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hwamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.
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106
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Zhang Y, Zhu R, Liu D, Gong M, Hu W, Yi Q, Zhang J. Tetracycline attenuates calcifying nanoparticles-induced renal epithelial injury through suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rat models. Transl Androl Urol 2019; 8:619-630. [PMID: 32038958 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.11.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcifying nanoparticles (CNPs) has been associated with the occurrence and development of kidney stones, but the exact mechanism is not clear. This study aimed to establish a rat model of CNP-induced renal epithelial injury and assess the efficacy of tetracycline in preventing this injury. Methods Kidney stones from patients after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) were collected to isolate and culture CNPs. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: the sham group (G1), the CNP group (G2), and the CNP + tetracycline group (G3). Rats in G2 and G3 were given an intravenous injection of CNPs via the tail vein, while rats in G1 were given saline. Meanwhile, rats in G3 were given tetracycline by gavage twice a day at a dose of 25 mg/kg. After 8 weeks, the 24-h urine of all rats was collected, and all rats were sacrificed to obtain blood and kidneys. Results The results revealed that in G2, activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly lower than those in G1, while malondialdehyde activity in G2 was significantly higher than that in G1 and both of them were inhibited by tetracycline co-treatment in G3. CNPs significantly increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, including monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and interleukin 6, which were largely alleviated in G3. CNPs significantly increased TUNEL-positive cells and the apoptosis activity of Bcl2-associated X protein but decreased B-cell lymphoma-2 level compared with that in G1, and was limited by tetracycline co-treatment in G3. Furthermore, CNPs led to notable renal tubular epithelial cell damage, hyaline cast formation, desquamation, swelling, vacuolization in histology, all of which were alleviated by tetracycline. Conclusions Tetracycline can attenuate CNP-induced renal epithelial injury through suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Rujian Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Min Gong
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Qingtong Yi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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107
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Girling BJ, Channon SW, Haines RW, Prowle JR. Acute kidney injury and adverse outcomes of critical illness: correlation or causation? Clin Kidney J 2019; 13:133-141. [PMID: 32296515 PMCID: PMC7147312 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Critically ill patients who develop acute kidney injury (AKI) are more than twice as likely to die in hospital. However, it is not clear to what extent AKI is the cause of excess mortality, or merely a correlate of illness severity. The Bradford Hill criteria for causality (plausibility, temporality, magnitude, specificity, analogy, experiment & coherence, biological gradient and consistency) were applied to assess the extent to which AKI may be causative in adverse short-term outcomes of critical illness. Plausible mechanisms exist to explain increased risk of death after AKI, both from direct pathophysiological effects of renal dysfunction and mechanisms of organ cross-talk in multiple-organ failure. The temporal relationship between increased mortality following AKI is consistent with its pathophysiology. AKI is associated with substantially increased mortality, an association that persists after accounting for known confounders. A biological gradient exists between increasing severity of AKI and increasing short-term mortality. This graded association shares similar features to the increased mortality observed in ARDS; an analogous condition with a multifactorial aetiology. Evidence for the outcomes of AKI from retrospective cohort studies and experimental animal models is coherent however both of these forms of evidence have intrinsic biases and shortcomings. The relationship between AKI and risk of death is maintained across a range of patient ages, comorbidities and underlying diagnoses. In conclusion many features of the relationship between AKI and short-term mortality suggest causality. Prevention and mitigation of AKI and its complications are valid targets for studies seeking to improve short-term survival in critical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict J Girling
- Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Samuel W Channon
- Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ryan W Haines
- Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John R Prowle
- Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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108
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Qin Z, Zhu K, Xue J, Cao P, Xu L, Xu Z, Liang K, Zhu J, Jia R. Zinc-induced protective effect for testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting antioxidation via microRNA-101-3p/Nrf2 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9295-9309. [PMID: 31692452 PMCID: PMC6874427 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to determine the protective effect of Zinc on the rat testicular ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and its mechanism. In vivo, the pathological changes and the apoptosis index were significantly relieved in the rats with Low-dose Zinc pretreatment, compared to the I/R group. After Low-dose Zinc treatment, the levels of tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly decreased, while tissue antioxidant indices were significantly increased. Meanwhile, the level of NF-κB was significantly lower compared to I/R group, while the levels of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher in Low-dose Zinc+I/R group. In vitro, Low-dose Zinc markedly increased Leydig cell (TM3) cell viability, and relieved testicular oxidative damage via down-regulating ROS. A total of 22 differently expressed microRNAs were screened out using microRNA microarray in rat testicular tissue caused by I/R injury, especially showing that miR-101-3p was selected as the target miRNA. Furthermore, the levels of Nrf2 and NF-κB were apparently increased/decreased in TM3 cells treated with Hypoxic/Reoxygenation (H/R) after miR-101-3p mimics/inhibitor. In addition, H/R-induced testicular oxidative damage was recovered in TM3 administrated with miR-101-3p inhibitor and si-Nrf2. Therefore, this study provided a novel insight for investigating protective effect of Zinc on testicular I/R injury by promoting antioxidation via miR-101-3p/Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Pu Cao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Luwei Xu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Kai Liang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jiageng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Ruipeng Jia
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
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109
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Dupre TV, Jenkins DP, Muise-Helmericks RC, Schnellmann RG. The 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113644. [PMID: 31542386 PMCID: PMC7749638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of acute kidney injury (AKI) is vascular rarefication and mitochondrial dysfunction. Promoting vascular recovery following AKI could facilitate kidney repair as the vasculature is responsible for oxygen and nutrient delivery to extravascular tissues. Little is known about mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) in endothelial cells, and the role of 5-HT1F receptor signaling in MB has only been studied in epithelial cells. Our laboratory has shown that stimulating MB through the 5-HT1F receptor promotes recovery from AKI and that 5-HT1F receptor knockout mice have decreased MB and poor renal recovery. We hypothesized that the 5-HT1F receptor plays a role in vascular homeostasis and mediates MB in renal endothelial cells. 5-HT1F receptor knockout mice had decreased renal vascular content, as evidenced by decreased CD31+ endothelial cells and αSMA+ vessels. Human glomerular endothelial cells (HEC) and mouse glomerular endothelial cells (MEC) expressed the 5-HT1F receptor. Treatment of HEC and MEC with 5-HT1F receptor agonists LY344864 or lasmiditan (0-500 nM) induced MB as evidenced by maximal mitochondrial respiration, a marker of MB. HEC and MEC treated with lasmiditan or LY344864 also had increased nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded proteins (PGC1α, COX-1, and VDAC), and mitochondrial number, confirming MB. Treatment of HEC with LY344864 or lasmiditan enhanced endothelial branching morphogenesis and migration, indicating a role for 5-HT1F receptor stimulation in angiogenic pathways. We propose that stimulation of 5-HT1F receptor is involved in MB in endothelial cells and that treatment with 5-HT1F receptor agonists could restore stimulate repair and recovery following kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess V Dupre
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Dorea P Jenkins
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Robin C Muise-Helmericks
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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110
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Peng Y, Liu L, Wang Y, Yao J, Jin F, Tao T, Yuan H, Shi L, Lu S. Treatment with toll-like receptor 2 inhibitor ortho-vanillin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury in mice. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4829-4837. [PMID: 31798708 PMCID: PMC6880436 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing inflammation is a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of septic acute kidney injury (AKI), since AKI is characterized by excessive inflammation in the kidney. Previous studies have demonstrated that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is overstimulated, which promotes inflammation by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of AKI mice. For the present study, it was hypothesized that TLR2 inhibition could reduce inflammation and consequently prevent septic AKI. Therefore, the potential renal protective effects of ortho-vanillin (OV), an inhibitor of TLR2, were investigated in the present study in vitro and in vivo. In vitro treatment with OV on LPS-stimulated mouse podocyte cell line MPC5 did not affect TLR2 expression but interrupted the interaction between TLR2 and its downstream adaptor MyD88, resulting in the reduction of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α expression. In vivo OV treatment in an LPS-challenged mouse model effectively alleviated LPS-induced kidney injury as indicated by histology analysis and the significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β expression were also significantly reduced in mice with OV treatment. Signaling pathway analysis further demonstrated that OV treatment did not affect the expression of TLR2 and p65 but suppressed p65 phosphorylation. Taken together, data from the present study demonstrated that OV was effective in protecting renal function against LPS-induced AKI through the inhibition of TLR2/NF-κB signaling and subsequent inflammatory cytokine production. These findings indicated that OV or targeting TLR2 signaling in general, represents a novel therapeutic approach for use in the prevention and treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Peng
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Long Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Yongfang Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Jianyin Yao
- Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Fang Jin
- Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tao
- Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Lu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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111
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Li H, Chen W, Chen Y, Zhou Q, Xiao P, Tang R, Xue J. Neferine Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling and Upregulating Klotho Expression. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1197. [PMID: 31680971 PMCID: PMC6804424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Morbidity associated with and mortality from acute kidney injury (AKI) is gradually increasing, and no efficient drug is available. We explored whether neferine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, attenuated AKI, and the possible mechanisms in play in vivo and in vitro. Methods: We induced AKI using ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo. C57 BL/6 male mice were randomized into two groups each containing four subgroups: control, neferine, I/R or LPS, and I/R or LPS + neferine. Mice were sacrificed 24 h after AKI induction and kidneys and sera were collected. NRK-52E cells were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) or LPS in vitro. Results: Neferine pretreatment significantly alleviated kidney functional loss and pathological damage. In the AKI mouse models induced by I/R or LPS, neferine inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells, including granulocytes and macrophages. Both in vivo and in vitro, neferine attenuated apoptosis, suppressed inflammatory cytokine production, decreased degradation of IκB-α, and inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Furthermore, it also upregulated Klotho expression in AKI. Conclusion: Neferine mitigated renal injury in AKI models, perhaps by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and upregulating the expression of Klotho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenhang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusa Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Institute of Hospital Administration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Scientific Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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112
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Gorbacheva V, Fan R, Beavers A, Fairchild RL, Baldwin WM, Valujskikh A. Anti-donor MHC Class II Alloantibody Induces Glomerular Injury in Mouse Renal Allografts Subjected to Prolonged Cold Ischemia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:2413-2425. [PMID: 31597715 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018111169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying the effects of prolonged cold-ischemia storage on kidney allografts are poorly understood. METHODS To investigate effects of cold ischemia on donor-reactive immune responses and graft pathology, we used a mouse kidney transplantation model that subjected MHC-mismatched BALB/c kidney allografts to cold-ischemia storage for 0.5 or 6 hours before transplant into C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS At day 14 post-transplant, recipients of allografts subjected to 6 versus 0.5 hours of cold-ischemia storage had increased levels of anti-MHC class II (but not class I) donor-specific antibodies, increased donor-reactive T cells, and a significantly higher proportion of transplant glomeruli infiltrated with macrophages. By day 60 post-transplant, allografts with a 6 hour cold-ischemia time developed extensive glomerular injury compared with moderate pathology in allografts with 0.5 hour of cold-ischemia time. Pathology was associated with increased serum levels of anti-class 2 but not anti-class 1 donor-specific antibodies. Recipient B cell depletion abrogated early macrophage recruitment, suggesting augmented donor-specific antibodies, rather than T cells, increase glomerular pathology after prolonged cold ischemia. Lymphocyte sequestration with sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 antagonist FTY720 specifically inhibited anti-MHC class II antibody production and abrogated macrophage infiltration into glomeruli. Adoptive transfer of sera containing anti-donor MHC class II antibodies or mAbs against donor MHC class II restored early glomerular macrophage infiltration in FTY720-treated recipients. CONCLUSIONS Post-transplant inflammation augments generation of donor-specific antibodies against MHC class II antigens. Resulting MHC class II-reactive donor-specific antibodies are essential mediators of kidney allograft glomerular injury caused by prolonged cold ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gorbacheva
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ran Fan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ashley Beavers
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert L Fairchild
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - William M Baldwin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Safari T, Shahraki MR, Miri S, Mirakzehi Bakhshani N, Niazi AA, Komeili GR, Bagheri H. The effect of angiotensin 1-7 and losartan on renal ischemic/reperfusion injury in male rats. Res Pharm Sci 2019; 14:441-447. [PMID: 31798661 PMCID: PMC6827188 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.268205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a major cause of acute kidney injury. Several studies have shown that renin angiotensin (Ang) system and activation of Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1) are involved in various forms of kidney diseases. Likewise, Ang 1-7 as a physiologic antagonist of AT1 and losartan could possibly protect the kidney against I/R damage. Therefore, we investigated renal injury by administering the drugs before and after I/R. Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups as follows. 1, Sham operated; 2, saline group (as a control group); 3, losartan group; 4, Ang 1-7group; and 5, Ang 1-7 + losartan simultaneously. It should be noted that groups 2-5 consisted of two separate I/R-induced subgroups both receiving medication where the first groups received the treatment 15 min before induction of I/R while the medications were given to the second groups immediately after induction of I/R. Twenty four h after I/R, blood samples were collected, and then levels of serum urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), nitrite, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. Likewise, nitrite, MDA and TAC were measured in the homogenized kidney tissues. After the induction of I/R, the BUN, Cr, LDH, and kidney tissue damage score increased. Administration of Ang 1-7 alone or simultaneously with losartan decreased the levels of aforementioned factors. Also, kidney MDA and nitrate levels significantly increased after I/R induction (P < 0.05). According to the results of this study, it can be claimed that the effect of losartan in the presence of Mas receptor is statistically significant and kidney damage dramatically decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Safari
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Shahraki
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, I.R. Iran
| | - Saideh Miri
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, I.R. Iran
| | - Nasime Mirakzehi Bakhshani
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, I.R. Iran
| | - Abbass Ali Niazi
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, I.R. Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Komeili
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, I.R. Iran
| | - Hossain Bagheri
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical English, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, I.R. Iran
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114
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Impaired renal organic anion transport 1 (SLC22A6) and its regulation following acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion injury in rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2342-2355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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115
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Mehta VK, Verma R, Garg RK, Malhotra HS, Sharma PK, Jain A. Study of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels in patients with neurological manifestations of dengue. J Postgrad Med 2019; 63:11-15. [PMID: 28079042 PMCID: PMC5394810 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.188545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Pro-inflammatory markers play a key role in the pathogenesis of various Flavivirus infection. Aim: In this study, we evaluated the role of these markers in neurological manifestations of dengue. Settings and Designs: Consecutive dengue cases with different neurological manifestations who presented between August 2012 and July 2014 were studied in hospital-based case–control study. Materials and Methods: Interleukin (IL-6) and IL-8 level were measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of dengue cases with different neurological manifestations and also in age- and sex-matched controls. Level was analyzed with various parameters and outcomes. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0 by applying appropriate statistical methods. P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 40 enrolled cases of dengue with neurological manifestations, 29 had central nervous system and 11 had peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) manifestations. In CNS group, both IL-6 and IL-8 (CSF and serum) were significantly elevated (P < 0.001), whereas CSF IL-6 (P = 0.008), serum IL-6 (P = 0.001), and serum IL-8 (P = 0.005) were significantly elevated in PNS group. CSF IL-6, serum IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly elevated in poor outcome patients in CNS group (P < 0.05). CSF IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly elevated in CSF dengue positive cases as compared to CSF negative patients (P < 0.05). Cytokine level was not significantly correlated with neuroimaging abnormality in CNS group. Nine patients died and the remainder recovered. Conclusion: Elevated level of IL-6 and IL-8 is associated with different neurological manifestations and poor outcome, but whether they are contributing to neuropathogenesis or simply a correlate of severe disease remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Mehta
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Verma
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Garg
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - H S Malhotra
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Jain
- Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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116
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Kong T, Liu M, Ji B, Bai B, Cheng B, Wang C. Role of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Signaling Pathway in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1038. [PMID: 31474876 PMCID: PMC6702336 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), an important member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, is found in many organisms, and it participates in intracellular signal transduction. Various stimuli induce phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in vivo and in vitro. Phosphorylated ERK1/2 moves to the nucleus, activates many transcription factors, regulates gene expression, and controls various physiological processes, finally inducing repair processes or cell death. With the aging of the population around the world, the occurrence of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), especially in the brain, heart, kidney, and other important organs, is becoming increasingly serious. Abnormal activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway is closely related to the development and the metabolic mechanisms of IRI. However, the effects of this signaling pathway and the underlying mechanism differ between various models of IRI. This review summarizes the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and the molecular mechanism underlying its role in models of IRI in the brain, heart, liver, kidneys, and other organs. This information will help to deepen the understanding of ERK1/2 signals and deepen the exploration of IRI treatment based on the ERK1/2 study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Kong
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Mental Health, Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- School of Mental Health, Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bingyuan Ji
- School of Mental Health, Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bo Bai
- School of Mental Health, Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Baohua Cheng
- School of Mental Health, Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- School of Mental Health, Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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117
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Elshiekh M, Kadkhodaee M, Seifi B, Ranjbaran M. Additional effects of erythropoietin pretreatment, ischemic preconditioning, and N-acetylcysteine posttreatment in rat kidney reperfusion injury. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:1249-1255. [PMID: 31342735 PMCID: PMC7018199 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1812-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Since the nature of ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced tissue damage is multifactorial and complex, in the current study, the effects of multiple treatment strategies via concomitant administration of erythropoietin (EPO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) with an ischemic preconditioning (IPC) regimen on renal IR injury were examined. Materials and methods Thirty male Wistar rats were subjected to bilateral occlusion of the renal pedicles for 50 min followed by reperfusion. EPO (1000 IU/kg) was administered for 3 days, as well as IPC before the IR and NAC (150 mg/kg) administration for 4 days after IR. The animals were randomly allocated into 6 groups (n = 5): sham, IR, EPO+IR, IPC+IR, NAC+IR, and EPO+IPC+NAC+IR. Kidney tissues and blood samples were obtained for oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, and renal functional evaluations. Results IR caused significant inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and reduced renal function. Treatment with EPO, IPC, and NAC or a combination of two of them attenuated renal dysfunction and reduced the oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Rats treated with the combination of EPO, IPC, and NAC showed a higher degree of protection compared to the other groups. Conclusion These results showed that concomitant administration of EPO and IPC along with posttreatment NAC may have additive beneficial effects on kidney IR injury during IR-induced acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Elshiekh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dongola, Dongola, Sudan,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Kadkhodaee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behjat Seifi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Ranjbaran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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118
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de Oliveira THC, Souza DG, Teixeira MM, Amaral FA. Tissue Dependent Role of PTX3 During Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1461. [PMID: 31354697 PMCID: PMC6635462 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion of an ischemic tissue is the treatment of choice for several diseases, including myocardial infarction and stroke. However, reperfusion of an ischemic tissue causes injury, known as Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury (IRI), that limits the benefit of blood flow restoration. IRI also occurs during solid organ transplantation. During IRI, there is activation of the innate immune system, especially neutrophils, which contributes to the degree of injury. It has been shown that PTX3 can regulate multiple aspects of innate immunity and tissue inflammation during sterile injury, as observed during IRI. In humans, levels of PTX3 increase in blood and elevated levels associate with extent of IRI. In mice, there is also enhanced expression of PTX3 in tissues and plasma after IRI. In general, absence of PTX3, as seen in PTX3-deficient mice, results in worse outcome after IRI. On the contrary, increased expression of PTX3, as seen in PTX3 transgenic mice and after PTX3 administration, is associated with better outcome after IRI. The exception is the gut where PTX3 seems to have a clear deleterious role. Here, we discuss mechanisms by which PTX3 contributes to IRI and the potential of taming this system for the treatment of injuries associated with reperfusion of solid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle G Souza
- Host-Microorganism Interaction Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávio Almeida Amaral
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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119
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Panizo González N, Reque Santivañez JE, Hernando Fuster B, Collado Boira EJ, Martinez-Navarro I, Chiva Bartoll Ó, Hernando Domingo C. Quick Recovery of Renal Alterations and Inflammatory Activation after a Marathon. KIDNEY DISEASES 2019; 5:259-265. [PMID: 31768383 DOI: 10.1159/000500510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We evaluated the incidence of acute kidney injury in a cohort of marathon participants. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study focused on evaluating the incidence of kidney damage after a marathon, and its evolution in the first 48 h after the marathon in 88 runners who completed the Valencia Marathon. Results From the 88 participants, 42 (48.28%) presented with acute kidney injury, mainly grade 1 (95.20%). Microscopic haematuria was observed in 29 runners (33%). Levels of interleukin 6, leukocytes, and neutrophils were markedly increased at the marathon's finish line. Conclusions Our results confirmed that there are slight transient changes in glomerular filtration rate and inflammatory activation after a marathon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Panizo González
- Hospital Universitario Clínico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Castellón, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ignacio Martinez-Navarro
- Sports Health Unit, Vithas-Nisa 9 de Octubre Hospital, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Hernando Domingo
- Department of Education, Jaume I University, Castellón, Spain.,Sports Service, Jaume I University, Castellón, Spain
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120
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Obert LA, Frazier KS. Intrarenal Renin–Angiotensin System Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Progressive Nephropathy—Bridging the Informational Gap Between Disciplines. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:799-816. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623319861367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic progressive nephropathy (CPN) is the most commonly encountered spontaneous background finding in laboratory rodents. Various theories on its pathogenesis have been proposed, but there is a paucity of data regarding specific mechanisms or physiologic pathways involved in early CPN development. The current CPN mechanism of action for tumorigenesis is largely based on its associated increase in tubular cell proliferation without regard to preceding subcellular degenerative changes. Combing through the published literature from multiple biology disciplines provided insight into the preceding cellular events. Mechanistic pathways involved in the progressive age-related decline in rodent kidney function and several key inflexion points have been identified. These critical pathway factors were then connected using data from renal models from multiple rodent strains, other species, and mechanistic work in humans to form a cohesive picture of pathways and protein interactions. Abundant data linked similar renal pathologies to local events involving hypoxia (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α), altered intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS), oxidative stress (nitric oxide), and pro-inflammatory pathways (transforming growth factor β), with positive feedback loops and downstream effectors amplifying the injury and promoting scarring. Intrarenal RAS alterations seem to be central to all these events and may be critical to CPN development and progression.
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121
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Tsagogiorgas C, Anger F, Beck G, Breedijk A, Yard B, Hoeger S. Impact of different emulsifiers on biocompatibility and inflammatory potential of Perfluorohexyloctane (F6H8) emulsions for new intravenous drug delivery systems. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2097-2110. [PMID: 31417241 PMCID: PMC6602054 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s195954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Emulsions on the basis of Perfluorohexyloctane (F6H8), a semifluorinated alkane (SFA), have shown to dissolve and transport highly lipophilic compounds. It is unknown how F6H8-containing emulsions (F6H8-cEM) interact with compartment blood, the reticuloendothelial system (RES), or influence injured organs in vivo. The current study was conducted to investigate the in vitro biocompatibility of F6H8-cEM and their drug delivery properties. Afterward, an in vivo study was performed as a proof-of-concept study in a rat model of acute kidney injury (AKI), which focused on the potential influence of F6H8-cEM on inflammation in an injured organ. Methods Two different F6H8-cEM were stabilized by the emulsifying agents Poloxamer 188 (Pluronic® F68) or lecithin (S75). The two resulting emulsions F6H8-Pluronic or F6H8-lecithin were tested in vitro for the potential modulation of acute inflammation via whole blood assay, FACS, and ELISA. Antioxidant capacity and drug delivery properties were measured with an oxidation assay. Secondly, AKI was induced in the rats, which were treated with the F6H8-lecithin emulsion. Renal function and inflammation were assessed. Results Both F6H8-cEM were phagocytized by monocytes and both dose-dependently affected apoptosis (Annexin V binding) in monocytes. TNF-α expression increased dose-dependency for F6H8-Pluronic emulsion but not for F6H8-lecithin in a whole blood assay. Both F6H8-cEM were able to carry α-tocopherol as a model drug. Animals with AKI treated with the F6H8-lecithin emulsion showed a significantly better renal function and less infiltration of inflammatory cells in renal tissue compared to the control, while inflammatory markers in renal tissue, except HO-1, were not affected by F6H8-lecithin. Conclusions Pluronic® F68 does not seem suitable as a biocompatible surfactant for F6H8-cEM. The injured kidney was not negatively influenced by the F6H8-lecithin emulsion. Lecithin-stabilized F6H8-cEM could be tested for preclinical studies as a carrier system for lipophilic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Tsagogiorgas
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Friedrich Anger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, University of Wuerzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Grietje Beck
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Annette Breedijk
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benito Yard
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Simone Hoeger
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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122
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Jung H, Choi EK, Baek SI, Cho C, Jin Y, Kwak KH, Jeon Y, Park SS, Kim S, Lim DG. The Effect of Nitric Oxide on Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819853651. [PMID: 31191188 PMCID: PMC6542129 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819853651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is an organ-protective maneuver from subsequent ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) by application of brief ischemia and reperfusion to other organs, its mechanism remains unclear. However, it is known that RIPC reduces the heart, brain, and liver IRI, and that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the mechanism of this effect. To identify the role of NO in the protective effect of RIPC in renal IRI, this study examined renal function, oxidative status, and histopathological changes using N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an NO synthase inhibitor. Remote ischemic preconditioning was produced by 3 cycles of 5 minutes ischemia and 5 minutes reperfusion. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine (Cr), and renal tissue malondialdehyde levels were lower, histopathological damage was less severe, and superoxide dismutase level was higher in the RIPC + IRI group than in the IRI group. The renoprotective effect was reversed by L-NAME. Obtained results suggest that RIPC before renal IRI contributes to improvement of renal function, increases antioxidative marker levels, and decreases oxidative stress marker levels and histopathological damage. Moreover, NO is likely to play an important role in this protective effect of RIPC on renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ik Baek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yehun Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Jeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sioh Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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123
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The potential protective effects of erythropoietin and estrogen on renal ischemia reperfusion injury in ovariectomized rats. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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124
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Moslemi F, Talebi A, Nematbakhsh M. Protective Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat: Gender-related Difference. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:68. [PMID: 31198503 PMCID: PMC6547784 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_279_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Zinc (Zn) knows as essential microelement which prevents oxidative stress. The effect of Zn supplement on renal function parameters in rats subjected to renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury was investigated. Methods: Male and female rats were subjected to renal IR with and without Zn sulfate (10 mg/kg/day for 5 days) supplementation. The kidney function markers and histology findings in Zn-treated group were compared with sham and control groups. Results: The serum levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine (Cr) and kidney tissue damage score were increased significantly after renal injury (P < 0.05) gender dependently, but no alterations were observed for these markers in Zn-treated animals after renal IR injury. Cr clearance was significantly different between genders (P < 0.05); however, Zn supplementation increased the Cr clearance and kidney nitrite level significantly in male rats (P < 0.05). Zn also increased urine flow in female (P < 0.05), but it did not alter urine load of Na (UNaV) and percentage of Na excretion (ENa%). Conclusions: Zn may improve renal function after IR injury gender dependently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moslemi
- Department of Physiology, Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Talebi
- Department of Physiology, Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nematbakhsh
- Department of Physiology, Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,IsfahanMN Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences Research, Isfahan, Iran
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125
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Lima-Posada I, Fontana F, Pérez-Villalva R, Berman-Parks N, Bobadilla NA. Pirfenidone prevents acute kidney injury in the rat. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:158. [PMID: 31068174 PMCID: PMC6505112 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pirfenidone is an orally active drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis to slow loss of lung function; it acts mainly through an antifibrotic effect but also possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We assessed the effect of prophylactic administration of pirfenidone on acute kidney injury due to bilateral renal ischemia. Methods Eighteen rats were included and divided in: 1) sham-operated rats (S), 2) rats underwent bilateral renal ischemia for 20 min (I/R), and 3) rats treated with pirfenidone 700 mg/kg/day 24 h before surgery and subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 20 min (I/R + PFN). All the rats were euthanized and studied 24 h after renal reperfusion. Results As was expected, the I/R group exhibited a significant reduction in creatinine clearance, urinary output and renal blood flow, as well as extensive tubular injury. These alterations were associated with a significant decrease in urinary excretion of nitrites and nitrates (UNO2/NO3V). In the I/R + PFN group, recovery of renal function and UNO2/NO3V was observed, together with lesser histological signs of tubular injury compared to the I/R group. Conclusions This study shows that prophylactic administration of pirfenidone prevented acute kidney injury due to bilateral ischemia in the rat. Recovery of NO production appears to be one of the mechanism of pirfenidone renoprotective effect. Our findings suggest that pirfenidone is a promising drug to reduce renal injury induced by I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixchel Lima-Posada
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan, 14000, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francesco Fontana
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan, 14000, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rosalba Pérez-Villalva
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan, 14000, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nathan Berman-Parks
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan, 14000, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma A Bobadilla
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan, 14000, Mexico City, Mexico. .,Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
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126
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Seo MS, Kim HJ, Kim H, Park SW. Ethyl Pyruvate Directly Attenuates Active Secretion of HMGB1 in Proximal Tubular Cells via Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050629. [PMID: 31072024 PMCID: PMC6572201 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) is a main cause of acute kidney injury leading to high morbidity and mortality during postoperative periods. This study investigated whether ethyl pyruvate (EP) protects the kidney against renal IR injury. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with vehicle or EP (40 mg/kg) 1 h before ischemia and the plasma creatinine (Cr) levels and tubular damage were evaluated after reperfusion. EP attenuated the IR-induced plasma Cr levels, renal inflammation and apoptotic cell death, but the effect of EP was abolished by pretreating Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), a heme oxygenase (HO)-1 inhibitor. HO-1 is a stress-induced protein and protects the kidney against IR injury. EP increased significantly HO-1 expression in the proximal tubular cells in vivo and HK-2 cells in vitro. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway and knockdown of Nrf2 blocked HO-1 induction by EP. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) secretion was assessed as an early mediator of IR injury; plasma HMGB1 were significantly elevated as early as 2 h to 24 h after reperfusion and these were attenuated by EP, but the effect of EP was abolished by ZnPP. EP also reduced HMGB1 secretion stimulated by TNF-α in HK-2 cells, and the inhibition of PI3K/Akt and knockdown of HO-1 blocked the effect of EP. Conclusively, EP inhibits the active secretion of HMGB1 from proximal tubular cells during IR injury by inducing HO-1 via activation of PI3K/Akt and Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Suk Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51353, Korea.
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.
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127
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Shen Y, Zhao Y, Wang L, Zhang W, Liu C, Yin A. MicroRNA-194 overexpression protects against hypoxia/reperfusion-induced HK-2 cell injury through direct targeting Rheb. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8311-8318. [PMID: 30485514 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, a major cause of renal failure, always leads to acute kidney injury and kidney fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been reported to be associated with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. miR-194 was downregulated following renal ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, the function and mechanism of miR-194 in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury have not yet been fully understood. In the present study, we constructed renal ischemia-reperfusion injury model in vitro through treatment of human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells HK-2 by hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R). We observed that miR-194 was decreased in H/R-induced HK-2 cells. miR-194 mimic increased H/R-induced HK-2 cell survival, whereas miR-194 inhibitor further strengthened H/R- inhibited HK-2 cell survival. Also, we observed that miR-194 overexpression suppressed oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde, glutathione, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α; however, miR-194 inhibitor showed the reverse effects. Results from dual-luciferase analysis confirmed that Ras homology enriched in brain (Rheb) was a direct target of miR-194. Finally, we corroborated that miR-194 affected cell growth, oxidative stress, and inflammation through targeting Rheb in H/R-induced HK-2 cells. In conclusion, our results suggested that miR-194 protect against H/R-induced injury in HK-2 cells through direct targeting Rheb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aiping Yin
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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128
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Ren SF, Yu H, Guo YQ, Yu H. Inhalation versus intravenous anesthesia for adults undergoing heart valve surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Minerva Anestesiol 2019; 85:665-675. [DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.19.13377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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129
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Fan PC, Chen CC, Peng CC, Chang CH, Yang CH, Yang C, Chu LJ, Chen YC, Yang CW, Chang YS, Chu PH. A circulating miRNA signature for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury following acute myocardial infarction. J Transl Med 2019; 17:139. [PMID: 31039814 PMCID: PMC6492315 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and is associated with adverse outcomes. The study aimed to identify a miRNA signature for the early diagnosis of post-AMI AKI. Methods A total of 108 patients admitted to a coronary care unit (CCU) were divided into four subgroups: AMI−AKI−, AMI+AKI−, AMI+AKI+, and AMI−AKI+. Thirty-six miRNA candidates were selected based on an extensive literature review. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis was used to determine the expression levels of these miRNAs in the serum collected on the day of CCU admittance. TargetScan 7.1 and miRDB databases were used for target prediction and Metacore 6.13 was used for pathway analysis. Results Through a stepwise selection based on abundance, hemolytic effect and differential expression between four groups, 9 miRNAs were found to have significantly differential expression levels as potential biomarkers for post-AMI AKI specifically. Noticeably, the expression levels of miR-24, miR-23a and miR-145 were significantly down-regulated in AMI+AKI+ patients compared to those in AMI+AKI− patients. Combination of the three miRNAs as a panel showed the best performance in the early detection of AKI following AMI (AUC = 0.853, sensitivity 95.65%), compared to the analysis of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (AUC = 0.735, sensitivity 63.16%). Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis indicated that these three miRNAs regulate the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway and involve in apoptosis and fibrosis in AKI. Conclusions For the first time, this study identify a unique circulating miRNA signature (miR-24-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-145-5p) that can potentially early detect AKI following AMI and may be involved in renal injury and fibrosis in post-AMI AKI pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1890-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5 Fusing Street, Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 5 Fusing Street, Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Chun Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Linkou, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Ching Peng
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5 Fusing Street, Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 5 Fusing Street, Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hung Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5 Fusing Street, Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lichieh Julie Chu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Chang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 222, Maijin Rd., Anle Dist., Keelung City, 20401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5 Fusing Street, Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 199 Tung Hwa North Road, Taipei, 105, Taiwan.
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130
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Intraoperative glucose variability, but not average glucose concentration, may be a risk factor for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: a retrospective study. Can J Anaesth 2019; 66:921-933. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-019-01349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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131
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Changchien CY, Lin YH, Cheng YC, Chang HH, Peng YS, Chen Y. Indoxyl sulfate induces myotube atrophy by ROS-ERK and JNK-MAFbx cascades. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 304:43-51. [PMID: 30849338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulations of uremic toxins has been widely recognized as the major trigger of skeletal muscle loss in chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is defined as uremic sarcopenia. Current study was aimed to examine the effects of representative uremic toxin, indoxyl sulfate (IS), on C2C12 myotubes. The incubation of IS (from 0.1 mM to 1.2 mM) exerted the reduction in myotube diameter without cell survival impairment. Elevated oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) phosphorylation were observed after IS stimulation for 1 and 24 h. After N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment as antioxidants, the recovery in IS-induced decrease myotube diameter and ERK phosphorylation was observed. This findings were implicit the transduction of p-ERK in IS-induced ROS toxicity. Moreover, the increase of LC3β was found closely with IS treatment in C2C12 myotubes. The reverse effect of NAC on LC3β expression revealed the ROS-responsibility in autophagy regulation of CKD myopathy. The evaluation of IS-treated proteasome system showed increased phospho-myosin light chain, along with the upregulation of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) mRNA and protein. This alteration in MAFbx was also identified in nephrectomy-induced CKD model. Besides, the inhibition of p-JNK was capable to attenuate IS-induced upward change in MAFbx protein expression. These findings indicated that IS-mediated myotube atrophy may manipulate through ROS-ERK axis and JNK-MAFbx regulation in C2C12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ying Changchien
- Dispensary of 3rd Wing, Air Force, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Han Chang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sen Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; College of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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132
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Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation induces acute renal inflammation through activation of caspase-1 and NLRP3 inflammasome. Anatol J Cardiol 2019; 21:134-141. [PMID: 30821713 PMCID: PMC6457403 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2018.62257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) is implemented as a strategy to treat resistant hypertension. Serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate have some limitations to predict the early stage of acute kidney injury (AKI). We investigated the changes of early inflammatory biomarkers in AKI following the RDN procedure. Methods: Twenty-five female swine were divided into three groups: normal control (Normal, n=5), sham-operated (Sham, n=5), and RDN groups (RDN, n=15). The RDN group was further subdivided into three subgroups according to the time of sacrifice: immediately (RDN-0, n=5), 1 week (RDN-1, n=5), and 2 weeks (RDN-2, n=5) after RDN. Renal cortical tissue was harvested, and clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers were checked. Results: There were no significant changes in the clinical parameters between the normal control and sham-operated groups using contrast media. Inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and anti-inflammatory IL-10 increased immediately and then decreased at week 2 after RDN in the renal cortical tissue. Leaderless protein, IL-1α level, increased at week 1 and then decreased at week 2 after RDN. Caspase-1 increased immediately after RDN until week 2. Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain and NLRP3 expressions increased immediately and then decreased at week 2 after RDN. Conclusion: The RDN could induce acute renal inflammation through the activation of caspase-1 and NLRP3 inflammasome.
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133
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Kohansal P, Rajai N, Dehpour AR, Rashidian A, Shafaroodi H. The protective effect of acute pantoprazole pretreatment on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 33:405-411. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parichehr Kohansal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Nazanin Rajai
- Department of Pharmacology School of medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology School of medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Amir Rashidian
- Department of Pharmacology School of medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hamed Shafaroodi
- Department of Pharmacology School of medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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134
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Keeley TP, Mann GE. Defining Physiological Normoxia for Improved Translation of Cell Physiology to Animal Models and Humans. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:161-234. [PMID: 30354965 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive oxygen gradient between the air we breathe (Po2 ~21 kPa) and its ultimate distribution within mitochondria (as low as ~0.5-1 kPa) is testament to the efforts expended in limiting its inherent toxicity. It has long been recognized that cell culture undertaken under room air conditions falls short of replicating this protection in vitro. Despite this, difficulty in accurately determining the appropriate O2 levels in which to culture cells, coupled with a lack of the technology to replicate and maintain a physiological O2 environment in vitro, has hindered addressing this issue thus far. In this review, we aim to address the current understanding of tissue Po2 distribution in vivo and summarize the attempts made to replicate these conditions in vitro. The state-of-the-art techniques employed to accurately determine O2 levels, as well as the issues associated with reproducing physiological O2 levels in vitro, are also critically reviewed. We aim to provide the framework for researchers to undertake cell culture under O2 levels relevant to specific tissues and organs. We envisage that this review will facilitate a paradigm shift, enabling translation of findings under physiological conditions in vitro to disease pathology and the design of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Keeley
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , United Kingdom
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135
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Abstract
The molecular mechanisms in acute tubular injury (ATI) are complex and enigmatic. Moreover, we currently lack validated tissue injury markers that can be integrated into the kidney biopsy analysis to guide nephrologists in their patient's management of AKI. Although recognizing the ATI lesion by light microscopy is fairly straightforward, the staging of tubular lesions in the context of clinical time course and etiologic mechanism currently is not adapted to the renal pathology practice. To the clinician, the exact time point when an ischemic or toxic injury has occurred often is not known and cannot be discerned from the review of the biopsy sample. Moreover, the assessment of the different types of organized necrosis as the underlying cell death mechanism, which can be targeted using specific inhibitors, has not yet reached clinical practice. The renal pathology laboratory is uniquely qualified to assess the time course and etiology of ATI using established analytic techniques, such as immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Recent advances in the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of ATI and the important role that certain types of tubular cell organelles play in different stages of the ATI lesions may allow differentiation of early versus late ATI. Furthermore, the determination of respective cell injury pathways may help to differentiate ischemic versus toxic etiology in a reliable fashion. In the future, such a kidney biopsy-based classification system of ATI could guide the nephrologist's management of patients in regard to treatment modality and drug choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert W Moeckel
- Renal Pathology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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136
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Kumaş M, Eşrefoğlu M, Karataş E, Duymaç N, Kanbay S, Ergün IS, Üyüklü M, Koçyiğit A. Investigation of dose-dependent effects of berberine against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in experimental diabetic rats. Nefrologia 2019; 39:411-423. [PMID: 30712966 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury causes various severe morphological and functional changes in diabetic patients. To date, numerous antidiabetic and antioxidant agents have been used for treatment of the disease-related changes. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine effective therapeutic doses or doses of berberine against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model by histopathological and biochemical analysis. METHODS Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with STZ injection for the development of diabetes, and divided into the following groups: STZ-induced diabetic group (STZ); IRI-induced diabetic group (STZ+IRI); 50mg/kg berberine (BRB) treated diabetic group after inducing IRI (STZ+IRI+BRB1); 100mg/kg BRB treated diabetic group after IRI (STZ+IRI+BRB2); 150mg/kg BRB treated diabetic group after IRI (STZ+IRI+BRB3). Bilateral renal ischemia model was applied for 45min, then reperfusion was allowed for 14 days in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Renal injury was detected histopathologically. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured in serum using the ELISA method. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) of renal tissue was studied by spectrophotometric assay. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated as TOS-to-TAS ratio. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), Na+/K+-ATPase (sodium pump), and Ca2+-ATPase (calcium ATPase) enzyme levels were measured in tissues using the ELISA method. Anti-apoptotic Bax and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein levels were detected by Western blot analysis. All data were evaluated statistically. RESULTS The highest histopathological score was detected in the STZ+IRI group compared to the other group. BRB administration at the doses of 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg markedly improved renal injury. BUN and creatinine levels significantly increased in the STZ+IRI group compared to the STZ group (p<0.001). 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg BRB administration significantly decreased those levels (p<0.01). The highest TOS and the lowest TAS levels were detected in the STZ+IRI group (p<0.001). IRI markedly aggravated inflammation via increasing levels of TNF-α and CRP (<0.001), and caused apoptosis via inducing Bcl-2 protein, and suppressing Bax protein (p<0.001). BRB administration at the doses of 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg showed anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects (p<0.01). The LDH enzyme, was used as a necrosis marker, was higher in the STZ+IRI group than other groups. BRB administration at all of the doses, resulted in the decline of LDH enzyme level (p<0.001). Ca2+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme activities decreased in the STZ+IRI group compared to the STZ group (p<0.001), while BRB administration at the doses of 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg significantly increased those of enzyme activities, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Ischemia with diabetes caused severe histopathological and biochemical damage in renal tissue. The high doses of berberine markedly improved histopathological findings, regulated kidney function via decreasing BUN and creatinine levels, and rearranged intercellular ion concentration via increasing Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+- ATPase levels. Berberine showed anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. According to these data, we suggest that berberine at the doses of 100 and 150mg may be used as a potential therapeutic agent to prevent renal ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Kumaş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mukaddes Eşrefoğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ersin Karataş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nurcihan Duymaç
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Songül Kanbay
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilyas Samet Ergün
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Üyüklü
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Koçyiğit
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
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137
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Effects of AT-RvD1 on paraquat-induced acute renal injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 67:231-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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138
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Deep A, Saxena R, Jose B. Acute kidney injury in children with chronic liver disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:45-59. [PMID: 29497824 PMCID: PMC6244855 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-3893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common accompaniment in patients with liver disease. The causes, risk factors, manifestations and management of AKI in these patients vary according to the liver disease in question (acute liver failure, acute-on-chronic liver failure, post-liver transplantation or metabolic liver disease). There are multiple causes of AKI in patients with liver disease-pre-renal, acute tubular necrosis, post-renal, drug-induced renal failure and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Definitions of AKI in liver failure are periodically revised and updated, but pediatric definitions have still to see the light of the day. As our understanding of the pathophysiology of liver disease and renal involvement improves, treatment modalities have become more advanced and rationalized. Treatment includes reversing precipitating factors, such as infections and gastrointestinal bleeding, volume expansion, paracentesis and vasoconstrictors. This approach is tried and tested in adults. A pediatric tailored approach is still lacking due to inadequate numbers of patients, differences in causes of AKI and paucity of literature. In this review, we attempt to explore the pathophysiological basis, treatment modalities and controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of AKI in pediatric patients with chronic liver disease and discuss our own personal practice. We recognize that, although it is not a very commonly encountered entity in pediatric population, HRS has specific diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities that differ from other causes of AKI in patients with chronic liver disease; hence among the etiologies of kidney injury in patients with chronic liver disease, we focus here on HRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Deep
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
| | - Romit Saxena
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS UK
| | - Bipin Jose
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS UK
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Cao L, Boston A, Jegede O, Newman HA, Harrison SH, Newman RH, Ongeri EM. Inflammation and Kidney Injury in Diabetic African American Men. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:5359635. [PMID: 30868076 PMCID: PMC6379843 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5359635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
African Americans are disproportionately burdened by diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of DKD in this population. The goal of the current study was to determine the association between specific inflammation markers and kidney injury in diabetic African American men. To this end, we recruited diabetic patients either with (n = 20) or without (n = 87) diagnosed kidney disease along with age-matched nondiabetic controls (n = 81). Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios (UACRs) and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were used for biochemical assessment of kidney function. We then measured plasma and urinary levels of seven inflammatory markers, including adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Plasma levels of TNF-α, TNFR1, and TNFR2 were significantly higher in diabetics with macroalbuminuria compared to nondiabetic controls and diabetics with normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria. Likewise, urinary levels of ICAM-1 were higher in diabetics with macroalbuminuria compared to the other groups. Indeed, urinary ICAM-1, plasma TNF-α, and adiponectin had moderate positive correlations with UACR while plasma TNFR1 and TNFR2 levels were strongly correlated with kidney injury, indicated by multiple biomarkers of kidney injury. In contrast, though plasma CRP was elevated in diabetic subjects relative to nondiabetic controls, its levels did not correlate with kidney injury. Together, these data suggest that inflammation, particularly that mediated by the TNF-α/NF-κB signaling axis, may play a role in the pathogenesis of DKD in African American men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Ava Boston
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Olugbemiga Jegede
- Cone Health Community Health and Wellness Center, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Heather A. Newman
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Scott H. Harrison
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Robert H. Newman
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Elimelda Moige Ongeri
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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140
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Moonen L, Geryl H, D'Haese PC, Vervaet BA. Short-term dexamethasone treatment transiently, but not permanently, attenuates fibrosis after acute-to-chronic kidney injury. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:343. [PMID: 30509215 PMCID: PMC6276259 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-1151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an underestimated, yet important, risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Persistence of inflammation after a renal ischemic injury has been observed, both in experimental models and patients, and is thought to be an important mechanisms underlying progression of acute-to-chronic renal injury. Temporary suppression of inflammation immediately after AKI might therefore be a good first-line therapeutic strategy towards a better long term outcome. Methods Male C57Bl/6 J mice (Charles River, 10–12 weeks of age) underwent warm (36 °C body temperature) unilateral ischemia-reperfusion of the kidney for 21 min, after which treatment with intraperitoneal injection of the corticosteroid dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) was initiated for 3 weeks. Both at that time point and after an additional 3 week post-treatment follow up period, fibrosis was quantified by collagen I gene expression and immunostaining, as well as gene expression analysis of fibrosis-related genes Tgfβ, Ccn2 (Ctgf), Pai-1 and Ccn3. Furthermore, inflammation was evaluated by Tnfα gene expression and protein expression of the F4/80 macrophage marker and the α-SMA fibroblast marker. Lastly, renal histopathology was quantified by a morphometric analysis of the tubulointerstitial area. Results Treatment with dexamethasone attenuated development of fibrosis, as evidenced by reduced collagen I gene expression and immunostaining, in combination with reduced gene expression of the pro-fibrotic Ccn2 and increased expression of the anti-fibrotic Ccn3. The effects of dexamethasone on renal fibrosis persisted during the 3 week follow up period, as evidenced by stagnation of collagen I deposition in the ischemic kidney, in contrast to vehicle-treatment, where progression of fibrosis was observed. However, expression levels of the pro-fibrotic genes re-approached those of vehicle-treated injured kidneys suggesting that the effects of dexamethasone on fibrosis beyond the treatment period are temporary. Conclusion A short term anti-inflammatory therapy with dexamethasone only transiently attenuates ischemia induced fibrosis. Prolonged or persistent anti-inflammatory treatment seems warranted to achieve long term benefit. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-018-1151-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Moonen
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, 2160, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Hilde Geryl
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, 2160, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, 2160, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Benjamin A Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, 2160, Antwerpen, Belgium.
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141
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The role of sphingolipids in acute kidney injury. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 70:31-39. [PMID: 30455062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is most simply defined as the rapid loss of kidney function in a matter of hours to days. AKI can manifest in a number of ways including pre-renal, post-renal, or intrinsic AKI. During acute kidney injury, multiple pathogenic processes are activated including inflammation, cell death, and the generation of reactive oxygen species, just to name a few. Sphingolipids are known to play a role in a number of the pathogenic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of many types of AKI, which suggests a role for sphingolipids in AKI. This short review will discuss the evidence for a role for sphingolipids in AKI.
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142
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Gameiro J, Fonseca JA, Dias JM, Milho J, Rosa R, Jorge S, Lopes JA. Neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet ratio as a predictor of postoperative acute kidney injury in major abdominal surgery. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:320. [PMID: 30419844 PMCID: PMC6231266 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-1073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients. Major abdominal surgery has the second higher incidences of AKI, after cardiac surgery. AKI results from a complex interaction between hemodynamic, toxic and inflammatory factors. The pathogenesis of AKI following major abdominal surgery is distinct from cardiac and vascular surgery. The neutrophil, lymphocytes and platelets (N/LP) ratio has been demonstrated as an inflammatory marker and an independent predictor for AKI and mortality after cardiovascular surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic ability of the post-operative N/LP ratio after major abdominal surgery. METHODS We cross-examined data of a retrospective analysis of 450 patients who underwent elective or urgent major nonvascular abdominal surgery at the Department of Surgery II of Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte from January 2010 to February 2011. N/LP ratio was determined using maximal neutrophil counts and minimal lymphocyte and platelet counts in the first 12 h after surgery. AKI was considered when developed within 48 h after surgery. RESULTS One-hundred and one patients (22.4%) developed AKI. Patients with higher N/LP ratio had an increased risk of developing postoperative AKI (6.36 ± 7.34 vs 4.33 ± 3.36, p < 0.001; unadjusted OR 1.1 (95% CI 1.04-1.16), p = 0.001; adjusted OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.00-1.10), p = 0.048). Twenty-nine patients died (6.44%). AKI was an independent predictor of mortality (20.8 vs 2.3%, p < 0.0001; unadjusted OR 11.2, 95% CI 4. 8-26.2, p < 0.0001; adjusted OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.0 2-12.43, p = 0.046). In a multivariate analysis higher N/LP ratio was not associated with increased in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION Postoperative N/LP ratio was independently associated with AKI after major abdominal surgery, although there was no association with in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gameiro
- Division of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - José Agapito Fonseca
- Division of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Monteiro Dias
- Division of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Milho
- Division of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rosário Rosa
- Department of Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Jorge
- Division of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José António Lopes
- Division of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal
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Bagheri S, Shahbazi S, Shafa M, Borhani-Haghighi A, Kiani M, Sagheb MM. The Effect of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on the Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 43:587-595. [PMID: 30510335 PMCID: PMC6230941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) protects other organs from subsequent lethal ischemic injury, but uncertainty remains. We investigated if RIPC could prevent acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. METHODS This parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was done on adults undergoing elective or urgent on-pump CABG surgery from 2013 to 2017 in Shiraz, Iran. Patients were allocated to RIPC or control groups through permuted blocking. The patients in the RIPC group received three cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion in the upper arm after induction of anesthesia. We placed an uninflated cuff on the arm for 30 min in the control group. The study primary endpoint was an incidence of AKI. Secondary endpoints included short-term clinical outcomes. We compared categorical and continuous variables using Pearson χ2 and unpaired t tests, respectively. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS of the 180 patients randomized to RIPC (n=90) and control (n=90) groups, 87 patients in the RIPC and 90 patients in the control group were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference in the incidence of AKI between the groups (38 patients [43.7%] in the RIPC group and 41 patients [45.6%] in the control group; relative risk, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 1.33; P=0.80). No significant differences were seen regarding secondary endpoints such as postoperative liver function, atrial fibrillation, and inpatient mortality. CONCLUSION RIPC did not reduce the incidence of AKI, neither did it improve short-term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing on-pump CABG surgery. Trial Registration Number: IRCT2017110537254N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Bagheri
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Shahbazi
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masih Shafa
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Kiani
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Sagheb
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Abstract
Despite efforts in prevention and intensive care, trauma and subsequent sepsis are still associated with a high mortality rate. Traumatic injury remains the main cause of death in people younger than 45 years and is thus a source of immense social and economic burden. In recent years, the knowledge concerning gender medicine has continuously increased. A number of studies have reported gender dimorphism in terms of response to trauma, shock and sepsis. However, the advantageous outcome following trauma-hemorrhage in females is not due only to sex. Rather, it is due to the prevailing hormonal milieu of the victim. In this respect, various experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of estrogen for the central nervous system, the cardiopulmonary system, the liver, the kidneys, the immune system, and for the overall survival of the host. Nonetheless, there remains a gap between the bench and the bedside. This is most likely because clinical studies have not accounted for the estrus cycle. This review attempts to provide an overview of the current level of knowledge and highlights the most important organ systems responding to trauma, shock and sepsis. There continues to be a need for clinical studies on the prevailing hormonal milieu following trauma, shock and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bösch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin K Angele
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Irshad H Chaudry
- Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Cho JH, Choi SY, Ryu HM, Oh EJ, Yook JM, Ahn JS, Jung HY, Choi JY, Park SH, Kim CD, Kim YL. Fimasartan attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating inflammation-related apoptosis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:661-670. [PMID: 30402026 PMCID: PMC6205936 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.6.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fimasartan, a new angiotensin II receptor antagonist, reduces myocyte damage and stabilizes atherosclerotic plaque through its anti-inflammatory effect in animal studies. We investigated the protective effects of pretreatment with fimasartan on ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in a mouse model of ischemic renal damage. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with or without 5 (IR-F5) or 10 (IR-F10) mg/kg/day fimasartan for 3 days. Renal ischemia was induced by clamping bilateral renal vascular pedicles for 30 min. Histology, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis assays were evaluated 24 h after IRI. Compared to the untreated group, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were significantly lower in the IR-F10 group. IR-F10 kidneys showed less tubular necrosis and interstitial fibrosis than untreated kidneys. The expression of F4/80, a macrophage infiltration marker, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, decreased in the IR-F10 group. High-dose fimasartan treatment attenuated the upregulation of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in ischemic kidneys. Fewer TUNEL positive cells were observed in IR-F10 compared to control mice. Fimasartan caused a significant decrease in caspase-3 activity and the level of Bax, and increased the Bcl-2 level. Fimasartan preserved renal function and tubular architecture from IRI in a mouse ischemic renal injury model. Fimasartan also attenuated upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and decreased apoptosis of renal tubular cells. Our results suggest that fimasartan inhibited the process of tubular injury by preventing apoptosis induced by the inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Soon-Youn Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hye-Myung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Ju-Min Yook
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Chan-Duck Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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146
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Kefaloyianni E, Muthu ML, Kaeppler J, Sun X, Sabbisetti V, Chalaris A, Rose-John S, Wong E, Sagi I, Waikar SS, Rennke H, Humphreys BD, Bonventre JV, Herrlich A. ADAM17 substrate release in proximal tubule drives kidney fibrosis. JCI Insight 2018; 1:87023. [PMID: 27642633 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis following kidney injury is an unresolved health problem and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In a study into its molecular mechanism, we identified essential causative features. Acute or chronic kidney injury causes sustained elevation of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17); of its cleavage-activated proligand substrates, in particular of pro-TNFα and the EGFR ligand amphiregulin (pro-AREG); and of the substrates' receptors. As a consequence, EGFR is persistently activated and triggers the synthesis and release of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors, resulting in macrophage/neutrophil ingress and fibrosis. ADAM17 hypomorphic mice, specific ADAM17 inhibitor-treated WT mice, or mice with inducible KO of ADAM17 in proximal tubule (Slc34a1-Cre) were significantly protected against these effects. In vitro, in proximal tubule cells, we show that AREG has unique profibrotic actions that are potentiated by TNFα-induced AREG cleavage. In vivo, in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD, fibrosis) patients, soluble AREG is indeed highly upregulated in human urine, and both ADAM17 and AREG expression show strong positive correlation with fibrosis markers in related kidney biopsies. Our results indicate that targeting of the ADAM17 pathway represents a therapeutic target for human kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jakob Kaeppler
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Venkata Sabbisetti
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Athena Chalaris
- Institute for Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute for Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eitan Wong
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sushrut S Waikar
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helmut Rennke
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andreas Herrlich
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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147
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Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is associated with all-cause mortality among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 490:207-213. [PMID: 30201368 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a biomarker of systemic inflammation used to predict the prognostic outcome of several diseases. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate if NLR can be used as a biomarker to predict the mortality of AKI. METHODS AND RESULTS Records of critically ill patients with AKI were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Database III version 1.3 (MIMIC-III v1.3). The primary outcome was 30-day mortality and the two secondary outcomes were in hospital and 90-day mortality. We used the Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between different categories of NLR and outcomes. This analysis included data for 13,678 eligible subjects, with a total of 2,588 30-day, 2,224 in-hospital and 3,545 90-day deaths during the follow-up period. For 30-day mortality, an increased risk of mortality was associated with a higher level of NLR. The HR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of upper tertile (NLR > 12.14) was 1.37 (1.17-1.60) in a multivariate model when compared with that of the lower tertile (NLR < 5.55). In the quintile analysis, we confirmed the upward trend with HR (95% CI) of the fifth quintile (NLR > 17.4) of 1.35 (1.08, 1.69) in a multivariate model compared to the first quintile (NLR < 3.82). A similar tendency was observed for 90-day mortality. In the analysis of in-hospital mortality, the HR of fifth quintile (NLR > 17.4) showed a slight decrease. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis indicates that a higher level of NLR is associated with increased risk of 30-day and 90-day mortality in AKI patients. The similar upward trend is not detected in analysis of in-hospital mortality.
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148
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Robert R, Frasca D, Souweine B, Augusto JF, Philipponnet C, Joly F, Goujon JM, Lerolle N. Histologically proven acute tubular necrosis in a series of 27 ICU patients. J Crit Care 2018; 48:130-134. [PMID: 30189356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since renal biopsy is rarely performed for identifying acute tubular necrosis in ICU patients, there is little information on the real histopathological abnormalities observed in such situations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical data of 27 patients with a confirmed diagnostic of acute tubular necrosis issued from two recent series gathering 125 patients who had renal biopsy during their ICU stay were reviewed. They were divided into sepsis (n = 14) and non-sepsis (n = 13) groups. Histopathologic lesions were reanalyzed and semi-quantitatively graded by a pathologist without knowledge of clinical characteristics of the patients. RESULTS SAPS2 and SOFA scores were identical in the two groups. Half of the patients had neither sepsis nor shock. The histopathological score was higher in the septic than in the non-septic group: 9 [IC; 9-11] vs 7 [IC 5.25-8.75]; p = 0.01. There was no striking histopathological difference between septic and non-septic patients. However, the cytotoxic edema score was higher (3 [1; 3] vs 1 [0; 1]; p = 0.006), and interstitial infiltration with polymorphonuclears was more frequent (p = 0.02) in septic than in non-septic patients. CONCLUSIONS Septic and non-septic ICU patients with ATN had similar histopathologic features but lesions were more severe than in septic than in non-septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Robert
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Poitiers, France.
| | - Denis Frasca
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, France.
| | - Bertrand Souweine
- Université d'Auvergne, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Jean-François Augusto
- Université d'Angers, CHU Angers, Service de Nephrologie-Dialyse-Transplantation, Angers, France.
| | - Carole Philipponnet
- Université d'Auvergne, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Florent Joly
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Poitiers, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Goujon
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers Laboratoire d'anatomopathologie, Poitiers, France.
| | - Nicolas Lerolle
- Département de Médecine Intensive Réanimation et Médecine hyperbare, CHU Angers, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.
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149
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Gallazzini M, Pallet N. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and kidney dysfunction. Biol Cell 2018; 110:205-216. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Gallazzini
- INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253; Institut Necker Enfants Malades; Paris France
- INSERM U1147; Centre Universitaire des Saints Pères; Paris France
| | - Nicolas Pallet
- INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253; Institut Necker Enfants Malades; Paris France
- INSERM U1147; Centre Universitaire des Saints Pères; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
- Service de Néphrologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Paris
- Service de Biochimie; Hôpital Européen Gorges Pompidou; Paris France
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150
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Sampaio LS, Iannotti FA, Veneziani L, Borelli-Tôrres RT, De Maio F, Piscitelli F, Reis RAM, Di Marzo V, Einicker-Lamas M. Experimental ischemia/reperfusion model impairs endocannabinoid signaling and Na +/K + ATPase expression and activity in kidney proximal tubule cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:482-491. [PMID: 29890144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
LLC-PK1 cells, an immortalized epithelial cell line derived from pig renal proximal tubules, express all the major players of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) such as CB1, CB2 and TRPV1 receptors, as well as the main enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of the major endocannabinoids named 2-arachidonoylglycerol, 2-AG and anandamide, AEA. Here we investigated whether the damages caused by ischemic insults either in vitro using LLC-PK1 cells exposed to antimycin A (an inductor of ATP-depletion) or in vivo using Wistar rats in a classic renal ischemia and reperfusion (IR) protocol, lead to changes in AEA and 2-AG levels, as well as altered expression of genes from the main enzymes involved in the regulation of the ECS. Our data show that the mRNA levels of the CB1 receptor gene were downregulated, while the transcript levels of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the main 2-AG degradative enzyme, were upregulated in LLC-PK1 cells after IR model. Accordingly, IR was accompanied by a significant reduction in the levels of 2-AG and AEA, as well as of the two endocannabinoid related molecules, oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) in LLC-PK1 cells. In kidney cortex homogenates, only AEA levels were significantly decreased. In addition, we found that in both the in vitro and in vivo model IR caused a reduction in the expression and activity of the Na+/K+ ATPase. These changes were reversed by the CB1/CB2 agonist WIN55,212, in a CB1-receptor dependent manner in the LLC-PK1 IR model. In conclusion, the ECS and Na+/K+ ATPase are down-regulated following IR in LLC-PK1 cells and rat kidney. We suggest that CB1 agonists might represent a potential strategy to reverse the consequences of IR injury in kidney tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia S Sampaio
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Lab. Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Neurociência Translacional, Brazil; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia DF 70.040-020, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Iannotti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Luciana Veneziani
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosa T Borelli-Tôrres
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Lab. Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Neurociência Translacional, Brazil
| | - Fabrizia De Maio
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Ricardo A M Reis
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Lab. Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Neurociência Translacional, Brazil
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
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