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GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Effects on Lipid and Liver Profiles in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 2021:8936865. [PMID: 34805029 PMCID: PMC8604595 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8936865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials assessed the effect of glucose-like peptide-1-receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) on the lipid profile and liver enzymes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Randomized placebo-controlled trials investigating GLP-1RA on the lipid profile and liver enzymes in patients with NAFLD were searched in PubMed-Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases (from inception to January 2020). A random-effects model and a generic inverse variance method were used for quantitative data synthesis. Sensitivity analysis was conducted. Weighted random-effects meta-regression was performed on potential confounders on lipid profile and liver enzyme concentrations. RESULTS 12 studies were identified (12 GLP-1RA arms; 677 subjects) that showed treatment with GLP-1RA reduced alanine transaminase (ALT) concentrations (WMD = -10.14, 95%CI = [-15.84, -0.44], P < 0.001), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (WMD = -11.53, 95%CI = [-15.21,-7.85], P < 0.001), and alaline phosphatase (ALP) (WMD = -8.29, 95%CI = [-11.34, -5.24], P < 0.001). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (WMD = -2.95, 95% CI = [-7.26, 1.37], P=0.18) was unchanged. GLP-1 therapy did not alter triglycerides (TC) (WMD = -7.07, 95%CI = [-17.51, 3.37], P=0.18), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD = -1.17 (-5.25, 2.91), P=0.57), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) (WMD = 0.97, 95%CI = [-1.63, 3.58], P=0.46), or low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) (WMD = -1.67, 95%CI = [-10.08, 6.74], P=0.69) in comparison with controls. CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis suggest that GLP-1RA treatment significantly reduces liver enzymes in patients with NAFLD, but the lipid profile is unaffected.
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Kulathunga K, Wakimoto A, Hiraishi Y, Yadav MK, Gentleman K, Warabi E, Sakasai T, Miwa Y, Mizuno S, Takahashi S, Hamada M. Albino mice with the point mutation at the tyrosinase locus show high cholesterol diet-induced NASH susceptibility. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21827. [PMID: 34750345 PMCID: PMC8576022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes a metabolic disorder with high worldwide prevalence and increasing incidence. The inflammatory progressive state, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), leads to liver fibrosis and carcinogenesis. Here, we evaluated whether tyrosinase mutation underlies NASH pathophysiology. Tyrosinase point-mutated B6 (Cg)-Tyrc-2J/J mice (B6 albino) and C57BL/6J black mice (B6 black) were fed with high cholesterol diet (HCD) for 10 weeks. Normal diet-fed mice served as controls. HCD-fed B6 albino exhibited high NASH susceptibility compared to B6 black, a phenotype not previously reported. Liver injury occurred in approximately 50% of B6 albino from one post HCD feeding, with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. NASH was induced following 2 weeks in severe-phenotypic B6 albino (sB6), but B6 black exhibited no symptoms, even after 10 weeks. HCD-fed sB6 albino showed significantly higher mortality rate. Histological analysis of the liver revealed significant inflammatory cell and lipid infiltration and severe fibrosis. Serum lipoprotein analysis revealed significantly higher chylomicron and very low-density lipoprotein levels in sB6 albino. Moreover, significantly higher small intestinal lipid absorption and lower fecal lipid excretion occurred together with elevated intestinal NPC1L1 expression. As the tyrosinase point mutation represents the only genetic difference between B6 albino and B6 black, our work will facilitate the identification of susceptible genetic factors for NASH development and expand the understanding of NASH pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushalya Kulathunga
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Hidellana, P.O. Box 01, Ratnapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Arata Wakimoto
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hiraishi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Manoj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kyle Gentleman
- Integrated Master of Science Natural Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, Hampshire, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoki Sakasai
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miwa
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,Gene Engineering Division, BioResource Research Center, RIKEN, 3-1-1, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. .,Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. .,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Michito Hamada
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. .,Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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Roberts SK, Majeed A. A short report on NGM282/aldafermin for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:889-895. [PMID: 34727818 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1999416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the major cause of liver disease worldwide. Bile acids play a central part in the pathogenesis of NAFLD with agents that target bile acid synthesis and metabolism in development as potential therapies. AREAS COVERED The paper presents an overview of NAFLD and its pathogenesis, with focus on bile acid metabolism and regulation through fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF-19), and the development of aldafermin as a non-tumorigenic FGF-19 analogue. We explore results from preclinical studies on the efficacy and safety of aldafermin. EXPERT OPINION Bile acid regulation is a promising therapeutic target in the management of NAFLD. FGF-19 plays key role in this mechanistic pathway, but also exhibits hepatocarcinogenic effect. Aldafermin is an FGF-19 analogue that has shown promising results in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis animal models, with preclinical data supporting its safety profile, specifically, the lack of a tumorigenic effect. The preclinical data presented in this paper support the clinical development of aldafermin, and indeed early data from several phase II clinical trials report promising results in relation to the ability of aldafermin to improve the histological features of NASH particularly in relation to a reduction in liver fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart K Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ammar Majeed
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Zhang Y, Lv J, Zhang J, Lv Z, Yu M. Lipidomic-based investigation into the therapeutic effects of polyene phosphatidylcholine and Babao Dan on rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5271. [PMID: 34727379 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in the world. In this paper, the metabolic disorders in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were induced by a choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet. The therapeutic effects of polyene phosphatidylcholine (PPC) and Babao Dan (BBD) on NAFLD were observed. Lipidomic analysis was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap MS, and data analysis and lipid identification were performed using the software LipidSearch. Both PPC and BBD can reduce lipid accumulation in the liver and improve abnormal biochemical indicators in rats, including reduction of triglycerides, total cholesterol, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase in serum. In addition, lipids in rat serum were systematically analyzed by lipidomics. The lipidomic results showed that the most obvious lipids with abnormal metabolism in CDAA diet-induced rats were glycerides (triglycerides and diacylglycerols), phospholipids and cholesterol esters. Both BBD and PPC partly reversed the disturbance to lipids induced by the CDAA diet. PPC may be more effective than BBD in alleviating NAFLD because it has a better effect on inhibiting the abnormal accumulation of lipids and reducing the inflammatory reaction in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinxiao Lv
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingming Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao, China
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105
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Musazadeh V, Dehghan P, Saleh-Ghadimi S, Abbasalizad Farhangi M. Omega 3-rich Camelina sativa oil in the context of a weight loss program improves glucose homeostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with NAFLD: A randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14744. [PMID: 34423525 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few years, the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids have been reported in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) complications.This study evaluated the effects of Camelina sativa oil (CSO) supplementation as one of the richest dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids on glucose homeostasis,inflammation, metabolic endotoxemia, and oxidative stress in NAFLD patients. METHODS A total of 46 patients with NAFLD were allocated to either an intervention (20 g/d CSO) or placebo (20 g/d sunflower oil) group receiving a calorie-restricted diet for 12 weeks. Fasting plasma levels of glycemic indices, hs-CRP, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), antioxidant enzymes activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), and uric acid were measured at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS The CSO supplementation led to significant differences in insulin concentration, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hs-CRP, LPS, TAC, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α between the two groups at end of the study (ANCOVA, P < .05). Hs-CRP decreased significantly in both groups (pair-t-test, P < .05). Insulin concentration, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, LPS, TAC, SOD, glutathione peroxidase activity, MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α changed significantly only in CSO group (P < .05). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that CSO may improve glycemia, inflammation, metabolic endotoxemia, and oxidative stress status in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vali Musazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevda Saleh-Ghadimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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106
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Kosick HMK, Keyrouz A, Adeyi O, Sebastiani G, Patel K. A Stepwise Algorithmic Approach and External Validation Study for Noninvasive Prediction of Advanced Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:4046-4057. [PMID: 33389416 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Advanced F3-4 fibrosis predicts liver-related mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Noninvasive tests, designed to rule in/out advanced fibrosis, are limited by indeterminates, necessitating biopsy. We aimed to determine whether stepwise combinations of noninvasive serum-based tests and elastography (VCTE) could predict F3-4, reduce indeterminates, and decrease liver biopsies. METHODS AND RESULTS Five hundred forty-one biopsy-proven NAFLD cases were identified between 2010 and 2018 from two Canadian centers. Characteristics of training (n = 407)/validation (n = 134) cohorts included: males 54%/59%; mean age 48.5/52.5 years; mean body mass index 32.3/33.6 kg/m2; diabetes mellitus 30%/34%; and F3-4 48%/43%. For training/validation cohorts, area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) for FIB-4, AST-platelet ratio index (APRI), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), BARD score, and AST/ALT ratio ranged from 0.70 to 0.83/0.68 to 0.81, with indeterminates 25-39%/34-45%, for F3-4. In the training cohort, parallel FIB-4 + NFS had good accuracy (AUROC = 0.81) but was limited by 38% indeterminates and 16% misclassified. Sequential FIB-4 → NFS reduced indeterminates to 10%, and FIB-4 → VCTE to 0%, misclassified 20-22%, while maintaining high specificity (0.88-0.92) and accuracy (AUROC 0.75-0.78) for combined cohorts. Liver biopsy could have been avoided in 27-29% of patients using sequential algorithms. CONCLUSIONS Sequential FIB-4 ➔ NFS/VCTE predicts F3-4 with high specificity and good accuracy, while reducing indeterminates and need for biopsy. Parallel algorithms are limited by high indeterminates. Sequential FIB-4 ➔ NFS had similar accuracy to VCTE-containing algorithms. Validation in low-prevalence cohorts may allow for potential use in community or resource-limited areas for risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Mary-Kathleen Kosick
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Health Network Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | - Aline Keyrouz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Oyedele Adeyi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Keyur Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Health Network Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
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107
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Namkhah Z, Naeini F, Mahdi Rezayat S, Mansouri S, Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar M. Does naringenin supplementation improve lipid profile, severity of hepatic steatosis and probability of liver fibrosis in overweight/obese patients with NAFLD? A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14852. [PMID: 34516703 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Naringenin has been reported to have some promising pharmacological effects on the management of obesity and related metabolic complications including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, the present clinical trial study was done to assess the effects of naringenin supplementation on lipid profile, aminotransferase levels, severity of steatosis, as well as probability of fibrosis in overweight/obese patients with NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS This placebo-controlled, parallel randomised, double-blind clinical trial study was conducted on 44 eligible overweight/obese patients with NAFLD (naringenin-treated group (n = 22), control group (n = 22)) referred to the national Iranian oil company (NIOC) Central Hospital, Tehran City, Tehran Province, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to receive naringenin capsules (100 mg) and identical placebo capsules twice a day, before lunch and dinner, for 4 weeks. The primary outcomes were improvement of liver steatosis and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), and secondary outcomes included changes in levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lipid profile. RESULTS Naringenin consumption significantly reduced percentages of NAFLD grades (P < .001), as well as, serum levels of triglyceride (TG) (P < .001), total cholesterol (TC) (P = .01), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P = .02) and increased serum level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = .02) compared with the control group. Even after adjusting for the confounders, the results were significant. However, there were no significant changes in AST, ALT and NFS. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that daily intake of 200 mg of naringenin for 4 weeks had beneficial effects on lipid profile and percentages of NAFLD grades as an indicator for the severity of hepatic steatosis. Although, NFS values and serum levels of aminotransferase enzymes including AST and ALT did not remarkably change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Namkhah
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naeini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Mansouri
- National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) Health and Family Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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An Efficient Model of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Versus Current Experimental Models: Effects of Fructose, Fat, and Carbon Tetrachloride on NAFLD. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.117696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Accumulation of fat in the liver is one of the causes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which affects about 30% of the world's population. Animal models have been useful tools for investigating the mechanisms involved in the etiology of NAFLD and developing new drugs. Objectives: This study aimed to present a new model for the detection of NAFLD in rats. Methods: Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into six experimental groups: (1) control; (2) 45% fructose + 35% olive oil + carbon tetrachloride (FFC1); (3) carbon tetrachloride (1: 4 in olive oil) (C1); (4) carbon tetrachloride (1: 6 in olive oil) (C2); (5) 12.5% fructose + 12.5% olive oil (FF); and (6) 20% fructose + carbon tetrachloride (1: 4 in olive oil) (FC1). Blood samples were taken in three steps, and liver tissue was dissected at the end of the sixth week for histopathological assessments. Results: After six weeks, the alanine transaminase (131.63 ± 1.51), aspartate transaminase (275 ± 1.0), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (4.30 ± 0.1) levels increased significantly in the C1 group (P < 0.05). The serum lipid profile showed significant changes in all groups compared to the controls (P < 0.01). According to the histological results, all experimental groups, except the C2 group, showed symptoms of NAFLD; nevertheless, a higher NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) was found in the C1 group, followed by the FC1 group, compared to the other groups. Conclusions: The present results revealed that injection of 0.1 mL/kg of carbon tetrachloride (C1 group), alone or along with a diet containing 20% fructose (FC1 group), provided useful animal models of NAFLD, although carbon tetrachloride injection alone is the most effective model in inducing NAFLD model that can be used as a new strategy in nutritional and pharmacological studies.
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Xie F, Pei Y, Zhou Q, Cao D, Wang Y. Comparison of obesity-related indices for identifying nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cross-sectional study in China. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:132. [PMID: 34629056 PMCID: PMC8502306 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity-related indices has been analyzed separately thus far, and evidence comparing these indices together is still lacking, especially in China. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the predictive performance of anthropometric and metabolic indices to identify NAFLD in Chinese adults. Methods This study recruited a total of 1748 participants who were 18 years or older in southeastern China. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), waist circumference (WC), a body shape index (ABSI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), abdominal volume index (AVI), body adiposity index (BAI), body mass index (BMI), body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (CI), triglyceride glucose (TyG), waist hip ratio (WHR), and waist height ratio (WHtR) were measured. The association between these indices and NAFLD was analyzed via logistic analyses with odds ratios (ORs). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and areas under the curve (AUCs) were used to compare the predictive performance of these indices to identify NAFLD. Results BMI had the greatest total AUC (AUC = 0.841) in the ROC curve analysis. However, BRI and BMI both had the best diagnostic ability in males (AUC = 0.812), and BRI had the best diagnostic ability in females (AUC = 0.849). Furthermore, AVI had the greatest AUC for patients who were ~ 20 (AUC = 0.892) and ~ 40 years old (AUC = 0.831), while TyG showed a higher predictive ability than AVI in those who were ~ 60 years old (AUC = 0.766). Conclusion This study identified sex- and age-specific indices for predicting NAFLD in Chinese subjects. Compared with indices for all age groups, sex- and age-specific indices can provide more accurate assistance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01560-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Xie
- Physical Examination Center, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuyu Pei
- Physical Examination Center, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Physical Examination Center, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Deli Cao
- Physical Examination Center, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- Physical Examination Center, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Feng Y, Li H, Chen C, Lin H, Xu G, Li H, Wang C, Chen J, Sun J. Study on the Hepatoprotection of Schisandra chinensis Caulis Polysaccharides in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats Based on Metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:727636. [PMID: 34621168 PMCID: PMC8490749 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.727636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotection of Schisandra chinensis Caulis polysaccharides (SCPs) in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. A total of 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group (CON), model group (MOD), and Schisandra chinensis caulis polysaccharide (SCP) group. Except for those in the CON group, the other rats were fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks to establish an NAFLD model. From the 5th week, rats in the SCP group were given SCP solution (100 mg kg-1) by gavage for 6 weeks, and those in the CON and MOD groups were given an equal volume of distilled water in the same way. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in serum, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the liver tissue were detected. The small molecular metabolites in the blood of rats were determined by the metabolomics method of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS) combined with multivariate analysis. The enrichment analysis and pathway analysis of the different metabolites were carried out. The therapeutic mechanism of SCP in NAFLD rats was verified by western blot. The results showed that the levels of AST, ALT, TG, TC, and LDL-C in the serum of rats in the SCP group were significantly lower, and the levels of HDL-C were significantly higher than those in the MOD group. The screening and analysis of the metabolic pathways showed that SCP could alleviate the development of NAFLD by regulating the expression of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP2), UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase (UGDH), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the liver of NAFLD rats. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of SCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Cong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - He Li
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | | | - Jinghui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
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Chen BF, Chien Y, Tsai PH, Perng PC, Yang YP, Hsueh KC, Liu CH, Wang YH. A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of apolipoprotein C3 polymorphisms and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:923-929. [PMID: 34108427 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) gene polymorphisms and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk has been investigated in many studies, with inconclusive findings. This meta-analysis evaluated the effect of APOC3 promoter region polymorphisms (-455T/C and -482C/T) on NAFLD susceptibility. METHODS A comprehensive search of eligible studies up to October 2020 was performed on Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. No restriction was imposed on language, publication date, or publication status. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the combined effect sizes. The levels of heterogeneity, sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias were analyzed subsequently. RESULTS This meta-analysis included eight studies, consisting of 1,511 patients with NAFLD and 1,900 controls fulfilling the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The pooled analysis showed significant associations between APOC3 -455T/C polymorphism and NAFLD risk in allelic (OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.05-1.67), dominant (OR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.04-1.72), and recessive (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.06-2.40) models. Ethnicity-based stratification showed that -455T/C polymorphism was significantly associated with NAFLD risk in the non-Asian but not in the Asian population. No association was evident between -482C/T polymorphism and NAFLD risk. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that APOC3 promoter region polymorphism -455T/C may be associated with NAFLD risk in the non-Asian but not in the Asian population. Additional studies with other functional polymorphisms are needed to discover APOC3 gene effects on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Feng Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yeuh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Medicine School, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Hsing Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Medicine School, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pang-Chung Perng
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Medicine School, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Chun Hsueh
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hung Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
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Yan S, Zhang S, Du A, Miao H, Lu B, Huang Z, Ji L. Network pharmacology-based identification of significant pathway for protection of Yinhuang granule in a mice model of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153666. [PMID: 34339944 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a spectrum of liver disorders. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is defined as a more serious process of MAFLD with liver inflammation. PURPOSE This study aims to observe the alleviation of Yinhuang granule (YHG), a Chinese patent medicine, on methionine and choline-deficient diet (MCD)-induced MAFLD in mice. METHODS Network pharmacology was used to analyze the improving effect of YHG on MAFLD and possible targets. MAFLD was induced in mice by MCD diet feeding for 6 weeks. In the last 2 weeks, the mice were orally given with YHG (400, 800 mg/kg) every day. Biochemical parameters of serum and liver, as well as hepatic gene expression were detected. RESULTS Network pharmacology showed that YHG could improve MAFLD, inflammation, liver fibrosis, and oxidative stress. In animal experiments, YHG reduced hepatocellular damage and hepatic lipids accumulation which induced by MCD. In terms of liver inflammation, YHG attenuated MCD-induced liver inflammation in mice. YHG also inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and alleviated liver fibrosis in MCD-fed mice. Through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, YHG alleviated liver oxidative stress injury in mice which induced by MCD. CONCLUSION YHG ameliorated MCD-induced MAFLD in mice by reducing hepatic lipids accumulation, alleviating liver oxidative, inflammatory injury and attenuating hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Yan
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ao Du
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Miao
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Lazarus JV, Anstee QM, Hagström H, Cusi K, Cortez-Pinto H, Mark HE, Roden M, Tsochatzis EA, Wong VWS, Younossi ZM, Zelber-Sagi S, Romero-Gómez M, Schattenberg JM. Defining comprehensive models of care for NAFLD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:717-729. [PMID: 34172937 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the leading cause of chronic liver disease globally. Despite the increased demand placed on health-care systems, little attention has been given to the design and implementation of efficient and effective models of care for patients with NAFLD. In many health-care settings, no formal pathways exist and, where pathways are in place, they are often not standardized according to good practices. We systematically searched the peer-reviewed literature with the aim of identifying published examples of comprehensive models of care that answered four key questions: what services are provided? Where are they provided? Who is offering them? How are they coordinated and integrated within health-care systems? We identified seven models of care and synthesized the findings into eight recommendations nested within the 'what, where, who and how' of care models. These recommendations, aimed at policy-makers and practitioners designing and implementing models of care, can help to address the increasing need for the provision of good practice care for patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey V Lazarus
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,EASL International Liver Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,The Liver Unit & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kenneth Cusi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Veterans Health Administration and University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia, Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henry E Mark
- EASL International Liver Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Emmanuel A Tsochatzis
- University College London Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, United States
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- University of Haifa, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Centre, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- UCM Digestive Diseases, CIBEREHD and IBIS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Abstract
Over the last decades, research has focused on the role of pleckstrin homology (PH) domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatases (PHLPPs) in regulating cellular signaling via PI3K/Akt inhibition. The PKB/Akt signaling imbalances are associated with a variety of illnesses, including various types of cancer, inflammatory response, insulin resistance, and diabetes, demonstrating the relevance of PHLPPs in the prevention of diseases. Furthermore, identification of novel substrates of PHLPPs unveils their role as a critical mediator in various cellular processes. Recently, researchers have explored the increasing complexity of signaling networks involving PHLPPs whereby relevant information of PHLPPs in metabolic diseases was obtained. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of PHLPPs on the well-known substrates and metabolic regulation, especially in liver, pancreatic beta cell, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in relation with the stated diseases. Understanding the context-dependent functions of PHLPPs can lead to a promising treatment strategy for several kinds of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Yelin Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sang Bae Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University; Sarcopenia Total Solution Center, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - KyeongJin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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115
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Rezamand G, Mahmoudi T, Tabaeian SP, Farahani H, Shahinmehr F, Nobakht H, Dabiri R, Asadi A, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Zali MR. The "GG" genotype of rs26802 variant in the ghrelin gene is a potential protective factor against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Physiol Int 2021; 108:342-352. [PMID: 34529585 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging global chronic liver disease worldwide. Considering the powerful association between NAFLD, insulin resistance (IR) and obesity, as well as the key role of ghrelin in these metabolic disorders, we hypothesized that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ghrelin (GHRL) and ghrelin receptor (GHSR) genes might be associated with NAFLD. Methods We conducted a case-control retrospective study of 150 cases with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 155 controls. The diagnosis of NAFLD was established before the start of the genotyping process. All the 305 subjects were genotyped for GHRL SNP rs26802 or -501T>G and GHSR SNP rs572169 or Arg159Arg using the PCR-RFLP method. Results The GHRL rs26802 "GG" genotype compared with the "TT" genotype and "TT+TG" genotype appears to be a marker of decreased NAFLD susceptibility even after adjustment for confounding factors (P = 0.006; OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.03-0.56 and P = 0.003; OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.05-0.53, respectively). However, we observed no significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies between the cases and controls for GHSR SNP rs572169. Conclusions These findings proposed, for the first time, that the GHRL rs26802 "GG" genotype has a protective effect against NAFLD. Nonetheless, this observation warrants further investigations in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Rezamand
- 1 Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Touraj Mahmoudi
- 2 Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seidamir Pasha Tabaeian
- 1 Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Farahani
- 4 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shahinmehr
- 5 Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Nobakht
- 6 Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Reza Dabiri
- 6 Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Asadollah Asadi
- 7 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- 8 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- 2 Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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116
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Leivas G, Maraschin CK, Blume CA, Telo GH, Trindade MRM, Trindade EN, Diemen VV, Cerski CTS, Schaan BD. Accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with classes II and III obesity: A pathological image study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 15:461-465. [PMID: 34511367 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liver biopsy is the gold standard method to diagnose nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, ultrasound is widely recommended as the first-line imaging test for individuals with suspected NAFLD. This study aimed to estimate the accuracy of ultrasound as a screening test for NAFLD compared to liver biopsy in a cohort of patients with class II and III obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. This retrospective study included patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in southern Brazil between 2010 and 2019 who were screened for NAFLD with both ultrasound and liver biopsy. All samples were collected by a core biopsy needle and were analyzed by the same pathologist. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of ultrasound were estimated. The final database included 227 patients, mostly female (84%) and white (83.6%), with a mean age of 42.5 ± 10.2 years and a mean preoperative body mass index of 49.5 ± 8.4 kg/m2. A total of 153 subjects (67.4%) were diagnosed with NAFLD through liver biopsies: 41 (18%) had fatty liver and 112 (49.3%) had nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Ultrasound sensitivity was 88.9% and specificity was 44.6%. Positive and negative predictive values were 76.8% and 66.0%, respectively. Positive likelihood ratio was 1.6 (95% CI 1.30-1.98), and negative likelihood ratio was 0.25 (95% CI 0.15-0.42). Therefore, approximately three every four subjects with an ultrasound suggesting NAFLD were true positives. Ultrasound showed a good sensitivity in detecting NAFLD in patients with class II and III obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Leivas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | | | - Carina A Blume
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela H Telo
- School of Medicine/Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Manoel R M Trindade
- Digestive Surgery Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo N Trindade
- Digestive Surgery Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius V Diemen
- Digestive Surgery Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | | | - Beatriz D Schaan
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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117
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Goodarzi R, Jafarirad S, Mohammadtaghvaei N, Dastoorpoor M, Alavinejad P. The effect of pomegranate extract on anthropometric indices, serum lipids, glycemic indicators, and blood pressure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5871-5882. [PMID: 34498307 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. The beneficial effects of pomegranate have been shown on insulin resistance and obesity, which are linked to NAFLD pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of pomegranate extract in patients with NAFLD. Forty-four NAFLD patients were randomly assigned to receive two pomegranate extract tablets or placebo for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, serum lipids, glycemic indicators, and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and the end of the study. Pomegranate was associated with a reduction in the total cholesterol (p ˂ .001), triglyceride (p ˂ .001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (p ˂ .003), fasting blood sugar (p ˂ .001), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (p = .02), diastolic blood pressure (p = .04), weight (p ˂ .001), body mass index (p ˂ .001), and waist circumference (p = .002), as compared to placebo. A significant increase was observed in serum HDL-C (p ˂ .001) after intervention with the pomegranate extract. However, no significant difference was shown between the two groups in serum insulin and LDL-C. The pomegranate extract supplement could be used as a complementary therapy along with existing therapies to improve glycemic indicators, serum lipids, anthropometric indices, and blood pressure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Goodarzi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sima Jafarirad
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Narges Mohammadtaghvaei
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Dastoorpoor
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pejman Alavinejad
- Research Institute for Infectious Disease of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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118
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Toll-like receptor 1 as a possible target in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17815. [PMID: 34497333 PMCID: PMC8426394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the liver compartment have repeatedly been attributed to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Knowledge on TLR expression in blood cells and their relation to intestinal microbiota and NAFLD development is limited. Here, we determined TLR expression patterns in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of NAFLD patients and controls, their relation to intestinal microbiota and the impact of TLRs found altered in NAFLD development. Markers of intestinal permeability in blood and TLR mRNA expression in PBMCs were determined in 37 NAFLD patients and 15 age-matched healthy controls. Fecal microbiota composition was evaluated in 21 NAFLD patients and 9 controls using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Furthermore, TLR1-/- and C57BL/6 mice (n = 5-6/group) were pair-fed a liquid control or a fat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich diet. Intestinal microbiota composition and markers of intestinal permeability like zonulin and bacterial endotoxin differed significantly between groups with the latter markers being significantly higher in NAFLD patients. Expression of TLR1-8 and 10 mRNA was detectable in PBMCs; however, only TLR1 expression, being higher in NAFLD patients, were significantly positively correlated with the prevalence of Holdemanella genus while negative correlations were found with Gemmiger and Ruminococcus genera. TLR1-/- mice were significantly protected from the development of diet-induced NAFLD when compared to wild-type mice. While intestinal microbiota composition and permeability differed significantly between NAFLD patients and healthy subjects, in PBMCs, only TLR1 expression differed between groups. Still, targeting these alterations might be a beneficial approach in the treatment of NAFLD in some patients.
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119
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Mahmoud GS, Hosny G, Sayed SA. Hepatoprotective effect of trypsin/chymotrypsin against olanzapine-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:1088-1096. [PMID: 34473596 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic side effects of atypical antipsychotics are an important cause of deterioration of cognitive function and failure of drug adherence. The antifatty effect trypsin/chymotrypsin (T/C) and their mechanisms of action remain unclear. To investigate possible therapeutic effect of T/C in rat model of chronic olanzapine (OLZ) - induced hepatic steatosis. Twenty rats were divided into two groups: control (C), given distilled water, and O, given 1 mg/kg of OLZ orally daily for 7 weeks. Then, both groups were given T/C 3 enzyme activity unit (EAU)/kg orally as an add-on treatment daily for the next 5 weeks and were named T/C or T/C+O groups. Rat performance in radial arm water maze was tested twice before and after T/C treatment. We measured liver enzymes, alpha-1 antitrypsin, albumin, total protein, direct and total bilirubin, inflammatory cytokines, and lipoprotein serum levels. Liver samples were collected for histopathology and Ki67 expression. The T/C add-on caused significant reduction in OLZ-induced elevation of alanine transaminase (ALT; P < 0.01), aspartate transaminase (AST; P < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP; P < 0.05), total cholesterol (Tc; P < 0.01), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-c; P < 0.05), steatosis score (P < 0.001), hepatocyte necrosis (P < 0.01), and significantly increased Ki67 expression (P < 0.01). The T/C add-on to OLZ provided protection against hepatic steatosis, elevated enzymes, and disturbed lipid profile and increased Ki67 without disturbing memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada S Mahmoud
- Departments of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ghada Hosny
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sally A Sayed
- Departments of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Koo DJ, Lee MY, Jung I, Moon SJ, Kwon H, Park SE, Rhee EJ, Lee WY. Baseline homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance associated with fibrosis progression in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without diabetes: A cohort study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255535. [PMID: 34432804 PMCID: PMC8386882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fibrosis progression is the most important prognostic factor, and insulin resistance is one of the main mechanisms associated with fibrosis progression in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We evaluate the association between baseline insulin resistance and future fibrosis progression in patients with NAFLD without diabetes. APPROACH AND RESULTS This retrospective longitudinal study with 8-year follow-up period included 32,606 (men, 83%) participants aged >20 years (average age, 38.0 years) without diabetes at baseline who completed at least two comprehensive health checkups from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2018. NAFLD was diagnosed based on ultrasonography. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to evaluate baseline insulin resistance. Fibrosis progression was assessed using the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI). The advanced liver fibrosis with an APRI value above the intermediate fibrosis probability (≥0.5) developed in a total of 2,897 participants during 136,108 person-years. 114 participants progressed to a high fibrosis probability stage (APRI >1.5) during 141,064 person-years. Using the lowest baseline HOMA-IR quartile group (Q1) as a reference, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for development of advanced liver fibrosis (APRI ≥0.5) in the highest baseline HOMA-IR quartile group (Q4) was 1.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.74-2.19; Model 4). And the HR for development of advanced liver fibrosis with high fibrosis probability was 1.95 (95% CI 1.10-3.46; Model 4). The positive association was maintained throughout the entire follow-up period. The baseline HOMA-IR model was superior to the baseline body mass index (BMI) model in predicting the progression of fibrosis probability. CONCLUSIONS In this longitudinal study, we found that the degree of baseline insulin resistance, assessed by HOMA-IR values, was positively associated with future fibrosis progression in patients with NAFLD without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Jeong Koo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Changwon Fatima Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of R&D Management, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inha Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Joon Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (EJR); (WYL)
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (EJR); (WYL)
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Chatterjee A, Basu A, Das K, Singh P, Mondal D, Bhattacharya B, Roychoudhury S, Majumder PP, Chowdhury A, Basu P. Hepatic transcriptome signature correlated with HOMA-IR explains early nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:472-481. [PMID: 32682086 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is multistage with heterogeneous outcomes. We studied the influence of insulin resistance (IR) on the hepatic transcriptome of early NAFLD stages, to understand disease development. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, possible clinicopathological risk factors were compared between mild-NAFL (N = 72) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; N = 51) patients. Liver tissue-transcriptome difference was studied between a subset of 25 mild-NAFL and 20 NASH biopsies and validated on another subset of 12 mild-NAFL and 13 NASH biopsies, using RT-PCR. The relationship between IR driven gene expression changes with fibrosis in NASH was investigated. RESULTS Significantly higher weight (p = 0.005) and elevated levels of HbA1c (p = 0.009), FBG (p = 0.03) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.009) were found in NASH patients. Five differentially expressed genes (DEGs, fold change > 1.5) were identified in NASH-FABP4, FABP5L2, CD24, PRAP1, and SPP1. The DEGs were positively associated with disease severity and HOMA-IR, and were found to be efficient classifiers of mild-NAFL and NASH. Additional 1218 genes identified related to IR (IrCGs), which can classify NASH-with-fibrosis patients separately from mild-NAFL and NASH patients. IrCGs can promote intra-hepatic fat accumulation, dysregulation of the lipid metabolism, lipotoxicity, and activation of cell survival pathways including activation of cell proliferation and differentiation pathways. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic expression of genes associated with insulin resistance may drive NAFLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Chatterjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Analabha Basu
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Kausik Das
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pankaj Singh
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipankar Mondal
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Partha P Majumder
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Chowdhury
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyadarshi Basu
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
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122
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Jang Y, Lee JY, Kim SU, Kim B. A qualitative study of self-management experiences in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nurs Open 2021; 8:3135-3142. [PMID: 34405583 PMCID: PMC8510709 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of self‐management in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Design The study employed an exploratory descriptive qualitative study using focus group interviews. Methods Twelve participants with NAFLD were recruited from a university hospital in South Korea. The date of data collection was from November–December 2018, and the data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis. Results Three themes and seven subthemes were identified. The themes were (1) facing unexpected obstacles, (2) finding my own path and (3) unmet support needs from healthcare providers. Subthemes included (1) ambiguity in changing lifestyle, (2) confusion caused by inconsistent information overload, (3) not knowing much about the liver nor NAFLD, (4) putting small plans into action every day, (5) getting help from family and friends as care partners, (6) needs for tailored medical help and (7) needs for caring and attentive attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsoo Jang
- Yonsei University College of Nursing and Mo Im Kim Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yea Lee
- Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beomkyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Polidoro MA, Ferrari E, Marzorati S, Lleo A, Rasponi M. Experimental liver models: From cell culture techniques to microfluidic organs-on-chip. Liver Int 2021; 41:1744-1761. [PMID: 33966344 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver is one of the most studied organs of the human body owing to its central role in xenobiotic and drug metabolism. In recent decades, extensive research has aimed at developing in vitro liver models able to mimic liver functions to study pathophysiological clues in high-throughput and reproducible environments. Two-dimensional (2D) models have been widely used in screening potential toxic compounds but have failed to accurately reproduce the three-dimensionality (3D) of the liver milieu. To overcome these limitations, improved 3D culture techniques have been developed to recapitulate the hepatic native microenvironment. These models focus on reproducing the liver architecture, representing both parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells, as well as cell interactions. More recently, Liver-on-Chip (LoC) models have been developed with the aim of providing physiological fluid flow and thus achieving essential hepatic functions. Given their unprecedented ability to recapitulate critical features of the liver cellular environments, LoC have been extensively adopted in pathophysiological modelling and currently represent a promising tool for tissue engineering and drug screening applications. In this review, we discuss the evolution of experimental liver models, from the ancient 2D hepatocyte models, widely used for liver toxicity screening, to 3D and LoC culture strategies adopted for mirroring a more physiological microenvironment for the study of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Anna Polidoro
- Hepatobiliary Immunopathology Laboratory, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Ferrari
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Marzorati
- Hepatobiliary Immunopathology Laboratory, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Lleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Venniyoor A, Al Farsi AA, Al Bahrani B. The Troubling Link Between Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Extrahepatic Cancers (EHC). Cureus 2021; 13:e17320. [PMID: 34557366 PMCID: PMC8449927 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a fast-spreading epidemic across the globe and has serious implications far beyond that of a "benign" liver condition. It is usually an outcome of ectopic fat storage due to chronic positive energy balance leading to obesity and is associated with multiple health problems. While association with cardiovascular disease and hepatocellular cancer is well recognized, it is becoming clear the NAFLD carries with it an increased risk of cancers of extrahepatic tissues. Studies have reported a higher risk for cancers of the colon, breast, prostate, lung, and pancreas. Fatty liver is associated with increased mortality; there is an urgent need to understand that fatty liver is not always benign, and not always associated with obesity. It is, however, a reversible condition and early recognition and intervention can alter its natural history and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Venniyoor
- Medical Oncology, National Oncology Center, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, OMN
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125
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Hua S, Qi Q, Kizer JR, Williams-Nguyen J, Strickler HD, Thyagarajan B, Daviglus M, Talavera GA, Schneiderman N, Cotler SJ, Cai J, Kaplan R, Isasi CR. Association of liver enzymes with incident diabetes in US Hispanic/Latino adults. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14522. [PMID: 33434318 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been associated with increased risk of incident diabetes. But such evidence is lacking in the Hispanic/Latino population, which has high prevalence of obesity and NAFLD. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 6,928 adults of Hispanic/Latino background who had no diabetes, did not report excessive alcohol use, and no hepatitis B and C infection at baseline (2008-2011). We estimated risk ratios (RR) for incident diabetes, identified from visit 2 examination by glucose measurements or antidiabetic medication use, with baseline liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)). RESULTS A total of 738 adults developed diabetes during 6 years of follow-up. After adjusting for participant characteristics at baseline, versus the lowest quartile, highest quartiles of ALT and GGT were associated with risks for incident diabetes (RR for ALT: 1.51 [95% CI 1.03-2.22], p-trend = 0.006; RR for GGT: 2.39 [1.60-3.55], p-trend = 0.001). Higher GGT levels predicted increased risk of incident diabetes even among those with ALT or AST below the median levels. The associations of ALT and GGT with incident diabetes were similar among most Hispanic background but were not seen among Dominicans (p for interaction <0.05). The association of AST with incident diabetes was found only among light-to-moderate alcohol drinkers (RR = 1.50 [1.20-1.86]) but not abstainers (RR = 0.91 [0.69-1.20], p for interaction = 0.006). CONCLUSION Higher ALT and GGT levels are associated with increased risk of developing diabetes among Latinos. Liver enzyme tests might aid in diabetes prevention by identifying high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Hua
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Martha Daviglus
- University of Illinois at Chicago and Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jianwen Cai
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Zandani G, Anavi-Cohen S, Tsybina-Shimshilashvili N, Sela N, Nyska A, Madar Z. Broccoli Florets Supplementation Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Alters Gut Microbiome Population-A Steatosis Mice Model Induced by High-Fat Diet. Front Nutr 2021; 8:680241. [PMID: 34395490 PMCID: PMC8355420 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.680241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and gut dysbiosis. Gut microbiota profoundly affects the host energy homeostasis, which, in turn, is affected by a high-fat diet (HFD) through the liver-gut axis, among others. Broccoli contains beneficial bioactive compounds and may protect against several diseases. This study aimed to determine the effects of broccoli supplementation to an HFD on metabolic parameters and gut microbiome in mice. Male (7–8 weeks old) C57BL/J6 mice were divided into four groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet+10% broccoli florets (HFD + F), and high-fat diet + 10% broccoli stalks (HFD + S). Liver histology and serum biochemical factors were evaluated. Alterations in protein and gene expression of the key players in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as in gut microbiota alterations were also investigated. Broccoli florets addition to the HFD significantly reduced serum insulin levels, HOMA-IR index, and upregulated adiponectin receptor expression. Conversely, no significant difference was found in the group supplemented with broccoli stalks. Both broccoli stalks and florets did not affect fat accumulation, carbohydrate, or lipid metabolism-related parameters. Modifications in diversity and in microbial structure of proteobacteria strains, Akermansia muciniphila and Mucispirillum schaedleri were observed in the broccoli-supplemented HFD-fed mice. The present study suggests that dietary broccoli alters parameters related to insulin sensitivity and modulates the intestinal environment. More studies are needed to confirm the results of this study and to investigate the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Zandani
- The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Noa Sela
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zecharia Madar
- The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Expression of Jejunal Taste Receptors in Women with Morbid Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072437. [PMID: 34371946 PMCID: PMC8308737 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient sensing plays important roles in promoting satiety and maintaining good homeostatic control. Taste receptors (TAS) are located through the gastrointestinal tract, and recent studies have shown they have a relationship with metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to analyze the jejunal expression of TAS1R2, TAS1R3, TAS2R14 and TAS2R38 in women with morbid obesity, first classified according to metabolic syndrome presence (MetS; n = 24) or absence (non-MetS; n = 45) and then classified according to hepatic histology as normal liver (n = 28) or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 41). Regarding MetS, we found decreased expression of TAS2R14 in MetS patients. However, when we subclassified patients according to liver histology, we did not find differences between groups. We found negative correlations between glucose levels, triglycerides and MetS with TAS1R3 expression. Moreover, TAS2R14 jejunal expression correlated negatively with the presence of MetS and ghrelin levels and positively with the jejunal Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 levels. Furthermore, TAS2R38 expression correlated negatively with TLR9 jejunal expression and IL-6 levels and positively with TLR4 levels. Our findings suggest that metabolic dysfunctions such as MetS trigger downregulation of the intestinal TASs. Therefore, taste receptors modulation could be a possible therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.
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128
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Ileal Bile Acid Transporter Inhibitor Improves Hepatic Steatosis by Ameliorating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in NAFLD Model Mice. mBio 2021; 12:e0115521. [PMID: 34225483 PMCID: PMC8406289 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01155-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by excessive fat deposition in the liver unrelated to alcohol consumption, is highly prevalent worldwide. However, effective therapeutic agents approved for NAFLD treatment are lacking. An ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor (IBATi), which represents a new mode of treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation, leads to increased delivery of bile acids to the colon. We investigated the effect of IBATi against NAFLD through modification of the gut microbiota in mice. IBATi treatment significantly suppressed body weight gain, liver dysfunction, and serum low-density lipoprotein levels and significantly decreased NAFLD activity scores in high-fat diet (HFD) mice. Treatment with IBATi ameliorated the decreased hepatic cholesterol 7-a-monooxygenase (Cyp7a1) and increased ileal fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15) mRNA expression in HFD mice. Further, IBATi treatment changed the α-diversity in the gut microbiota reduced by HFD, which was analyzed in feces using 16S rRNA sequencing. To establish the mechanism underlying improvement in NAFLD induced by IBATi, we recolonized antibiotic solution-treated mice by fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) using stool from HFD or HFD plus IBATi mice. This is the first report that fecally transplanted gut microbiota from HFD plus IBATi mice prevented hepatic steatosis caused by HFD. In conclusion, IBATi improved hepatic steatosis by ameliorating gut microbiota dysbiosis in NAFLD model mice, suggesting a potential therapeutic agent for NAFLD treatment. IMPORTANCE NAFLD is an increasingly recognized condition that may progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and community surveys have assessed that the prevalence is 14 to 32% worldwide. The first line of treatment for NAFLD is lifestyle modification to achieve weight reduction, particularly through diet and exercise. However, weight reduction is difficult to achieve and maintain, and pharmacological agents approved for the treatment of NAFLD are lacking. This study investigated the influence of the gut microbiota and the effect of an IBATi on NAFLD using a murine model. Treatment with IBATi significantly improved NAFLD in HFD mice. Further, fecal microbiome transplantation using stool from HFD plus IBATi mice prevented hepatic steatosis caused by HFD. Our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because the study findings suggest a potential treatment strategy for NAFLD patients by ameliorating gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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129
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Sangouni AA, Orang Z, Mozaffari-Khosravi H. Effect of omega-3 supplementation on fatty liver and visceral adiposity indices in diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:130-135. [PMID: 34330456 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the most common chronic liver disease is closely linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Omega-3 supplementation has been proposed as a strategy to manage T2DM and NAFLD. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of omega-3 supplementation on fatty liver index, lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index in diabetic patients with NAFLD. METHODS In this 12-week double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial, sixty diabetic patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned into the omega-3 and placebo groups for 12 weeks. The omega-3 group received 2000 mg/d omega-3 as capsule. RESULTS Fifty-six participants completed the study. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the terms of fatty liver index, lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index at the baseline. Omega-3 supplementation compared with the placebo led to a significant improvement in fatty liver index (-3.6 ± 12.1 vs. 0.9 ± 8.9; P = 0.04), lipid accumulation product (-14.2 ± 27.9 vs. 8.0 ± 26.3; P = 0.002) and visceral adiposity index (-0.5 ± 0.9 vs. 0.0 ± 0.8; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Omega-3 supplementation for 12 weeks improves fatty liver index, lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index. The study protocol was registered under Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials identifier number IRCT2016102530489N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali Sangouni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Orang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Bertran L, Portillo-Carrasquer M, Aguilar C, Porras JA, Riesco D, Martínez S, Vives M, Sabench F, Gonzalez E, Del Castillo D, Richart C, Auguet T. Deregulation of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136895. [PMID: 34198988 PMCID: PMC8268103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), an antagonist of the noncanonical WNT pathway, has a controversial role in liver disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of SFRP5 and the noncanonical WNT pathway in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Plasma SFRP5 levels were determined by ELISA in women with normal weight (NW; n = 20) and morbid obesity (MO; n = 69). Women with MO were subclassified according to hepatic histology into normal liver (NL; n = 28), NAFLD (n = 41) (simple steatosis (SS; n = 24), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; n = 17)). We used RT-qPCR to evaluate the hepatic mRNA expression of SFRP5, WNT5A, and JNK in women with MO. SFRP5 levels were lower in NW than in MO patients who underwent a very low-calorie diet before surgery. Hepatic SFRP5 mRNA expression was higher in SS than in NL or NASH; additionally, patients with hepatic inflammation or ballooning presented lower SFRP5 abundance. WNT5A and JNK expression was enhanced in NAFLD compared with NL. In conclusion, circulating SFRP5 levels depend on the diet, and hepatic SFRP5 seems to have a protective role in the first steps of NAFLD; however, SFRP5 could be deregulated in an advanced stage while WNT5A and JNK are activated, promoting liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bertran
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institutue d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (L.B.); (M.P.-C.); (C.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Marta Portillo-Carrasquer
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institutue d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (L.B.); (M.P.-C.); (C.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institutue d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (L.B.); (M.P.-C.); (C.A.); (C.R.)
| | - José Antonio Porras
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (J.A.P.); (D.R.)
| | - David Riesco
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (J.A.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Salomé Martínez
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Margarita Vives
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV. Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (M.V.); (F.S.); (D.D.C.)
| | - Fàtima Sabench
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV. Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (M.V.); (F.S.); (D.D.C.)
| | - Eva Gonzalez
- Laboratori Clínic Institut Català de Salut (ICS), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Daniel Del Castillo
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV. Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (M.V.); (F.S.); (D.D.C.)
| | - Cristóbal Richart
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institutue d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (L.B.); (M.P.-C.); (C.A.); (C.R.)
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (J.A.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Teresa Auguet
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institutue d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (L.B.); (M.P.-C.); (C.A.); (C.R.)
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (J.A.P.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-295-833
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Effect of Mediterranean diet on liver enzymes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1231-1239. [PMID: 34165054 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of liver enzymes are the main markers of liver dysfunction. Liver enzymes are the important indicators of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population. Previous randomised clinical trials (RCT) investigated the effects of Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) as a plant-based diet on features of NAFLD like liver enzymes, but their results are contradictory. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse RCT investigating the effect of MedDiet on liver enzymes. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched until December 2020. A total of ten RCT (n 705 participants) evaluating the effect of MedDiet on liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were included. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect size. To evaluate the heterogeneity among the included studies, the Cochran's Q-test and I-squared test were used. The MedDiet significantly reduced AST (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0·38 IU/l; 95 % CI - 0·73, -0·03 IU/l; P = 0·03) and GGT (WMD = -0·16 IU/l; 95 % CI - 0·32, -0·006 IU/l; P = 0·04) but had no significant effect on ALT (WMD = -0·55 IU/l; 95 % CI - 1·25, 0·13 IU/l; P = 0·11). However, sensitivity analysis revealed that the overall effects of MedDiet on AST, GGT and ALT were significantly influenced by removing some studies. There was no publication bias based on Begg's and Egger's tests. Generally, MedDiet can improve liver enzymes. To better conclusion, further RCT investigating the effect of MedDiet on liver enzymes, especially in patients with NAFLD, are still required.
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Gerstner C, Saín J, Lavandera J, González M, Bernal C. Functional milk fat enriched in conjugated linoleic acid prevented liver lipid accumulation induced by a high-fat diet in male rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:5051-5065. [PMID: 33960342 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03296d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the potential effect of functional milk fat (FMF), naturally enriched in conjugated linoleic acid, on the prevention of liver lipid accumulation and some biochemical mechanisms involved in the liver triacylglycerol (TAG) regulation in high-fat (HF) fed rats. Male Wistar rats were fed (60 days) with S7 (soybean oil, 7%) or HF diets: S30 (soybean oil, 30%), MF30 (soybean oil, 3% + milk fat -MF-, 27%) or FMF30 (soybean oil, 3% + FMF, 27%). Nutritional parameters, hepatic fatty acid (FA) composition, liver and serum TAG levels, hepatic TAG secretion rate (TAG-SR), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in adipose tissue and muscle, activities and/or mRNA levels of lipogenic and β-oxidative enzymes, and mRNA levels of transcription factors and FA transport proteins were assessed. The hepatic lipid accumulation induced by the S30 diet was associated with increased mRNA levels of FA transporters; and it was prevented by FMF through an increase in the hepatic TAG-SR, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a activity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha mRNA levels, as well as by a reduction of the mRNA levels of FA transporters. The hypotriacylglyceridaemia observed in S30 was related with an increased LPL activity in adipose tissue and it was reverted by FMF through the increased hepatic TAG-SR. In brief, FMF prevented the liver lipid accumulation induced by HF diets by increasing the hepatic TAG-SR and β-oxidation, and reducing the hepatic FA uptake. The increased hepatic TAG-SR induced by FMF could be responsible for the attenuation of serum TAG alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gerstner
- Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Juliana Saín
- Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina. and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jimena Lavandera
- Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina. and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcela González
- Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Claudio Bernal
- Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina. and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
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Llop E, Iruzubieta P, Perelló C, Fernández Carrillo C, Cabezas J, Escudero MD, González M, Hernández Conde M, Puchades L, Arias-Loste MT, Serra MÁ, Crespo J, Calleja JL. High liver stiffness values by transient elastography related to metabolic syndrome and harmful alcohol use in a large Spanish cohort. United European Gastroenterol J 2021; 9:892-902. [PMID: 34077628 PMCID: PMC8498397 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Transient elastography (TE) to estimate liver stiffness has proved to be very useful in the diagnosis of chronic liver disease. Here, we intend to evaluate its use in a large Spanish cohort. Method Nested study within the PREVHEP‐ETHON (Epidemiological sTudy of Hepatic infectiONs; NCT02749864) population‐based, cross‐sectional study performed between July 2015 and April 2017. An epidemiological questionnaire, laboratory tests and TE and anthropometric measurements were obtained. Results Data from 11,440 subjects were analyzed. Mean age was 50.3 (SD 12.4), of which 58.1% were women. 15.4% showed metabolic syndrome (NCEP ATP‐III), 1.3% were positive for hepatitis C antibodies, 0.8% positive for HBsAg, 9.1% reported harmful use of alcohol. The prevalence of significant fibrosis (LSM > 8 kPa), suggestive compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) (LSM ≥ 10 kPa) and highly suggestive cACLD (LSM > 15 kPa) was 5.6%, 2.9%, and 1.2% respectively. Risk factors associated with significant fibrosis were age (OR 1.03 [1.02–1.04; p < 0.001]), sex (OR 0.8 [0.6–0.95; p = 0.02]), AST (OR 1.01 [1.01–1.02; p < 0.001]), GGT (OR 1.005 [1.003–1.006; p < 0.001]) and metabolic syndrome (OR 2.1 [1.7–2.6; p < 0.001]); risk factors associated with suggestive cACLD were age (OR 1.04 [1.02–1.05; p < 0.001]), AST (OR 1.01 [1.01–1.02; p < 0.001]), GGT (OR 1.006 [1.004–1.008; p < 0.001]), low platelets (OR 0.997 [0.994–0.999; p = 0.02]) and metabolic syndrome (OR 2.2 [1.6–2.9; p < 0.001]); and risk factors associated with highly suggestive cACLD were age (OR 1.04 [1.02–1.06; p = 0.001]), AST (OR 1.02 [1.01–1.03; p < 0.001]), GGT (OR 1.005 [1.003–1.007; p < 0.001]), low platelets (OR 0.993 [0.989–0.997; p < 0.001]), metabolic syndrome (OR 2.1 [1.4–3.3; p = 0.001]) and alcohol consumption (OR 1.8 [1.05–3.1; p = 0.03]). A non‐negligible proportion of patients with normal transaminase levels, even with healthy transaminase levels, showed significant fibrosis and suggestive and highly suggestive cACLD 4.6% (95% CI 2.4–3.0), 2.1% (95% CI 1.9–2.5) and 1% (95% CI 0.7–1.1), respectively. Conclusion We found high proportion of significant fibrosis and cACLD measured by TE. The most relevant factor associated with significant fibrosis was metabolic syndrome, however TE is still an imperfect method since it overestimated the fibrosis stage in 50% of the histologically analyzed subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elba Llop
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Puerta de Hierro Health Research Institute (IDIPHIM), CIBERhd, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Christie Perelló
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Puerta de Hierro Health Research Institute (IDIPHIM), CIBERhd, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández Carrillo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Puerta de Hierro Health Research Institute (IDIPHIM), CIBERhd, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cabezas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Marta González
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández Conde
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Puerta de Hierro Health Research Institute (IDIPHIM), CIBERhd, Majadahonda, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Clínic-La Malvarrosa, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Puchades
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Clínic-La Malvarrosa, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Teresa Arias-Loste
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Serra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Clínic-La Malvarrosa, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - José Luis Calleja
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Puerta de Hierro Health Research Institute (IDIPHIM), CIBERhd, Majadahonda, Spain
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Hassani Zadeh S, Mansoori A, Hosseinzadeh M. Relationship between dietary patterns and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:1470-1478. [PMID: 33269500 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. Previous studies have investigated the association between dietary patterns and NAFLD, but their results are contradictory. Therefore, we carried out this meta-analysis to examine the association between dietary patterns and NAFLD. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases until November 14, 2019, to identify the observational studies on the association between dietary patterns and NAFLD. We selected three dietary patterns of Western, Prudent, and Mediterranean. A random-effect model was used to compute the summary risk estimates. Odds ratios (ORs) that were reported for fully adjusted models and their confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochran's Q- and I2 tests. Eighteen articles (n = 24 867 participants) were entered our systematic review and meta-analysis. RESULTS We determined that Western dietary patterns (n = 8787 participants) containing high levels of processed food, red meat, high-fat dairy, and refined grains could significantly increase NAFLD (OR = 1.56, CI = 1.27 to 1.92; P ≤ 0.001). However, the Prudent (n = 13 023 participants) (OR = 0.78, CI = 0.71 to 0.85; P ≤ 0.001) and Mediterranean dietary patterns (n = 3057 participants) (OR = 0.77, CI = 0.60 to 0.98; P = 0.41), defined by high intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and olive oil decreased the risk of this disease. CONCLUSIONS We found that Western dietary patterns increased the risk of NAFLD by 56%, although the Prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns reduced the risk of this disease by 22% and 23%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hassani Zadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Anahita Mansoori
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Sheng G, Xie Q, Wang R, Hu C, Zhong M, Zou Y. Waist-to-height ratio and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:239. [PMID: 34034671 PMCID: PMC8146664 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) has been recognised as a powerful indicator to evaluate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in recent years, but few related studies are available. Thus, clarifying the association between the WHtR and NAFLD may be beneficial to the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Methods The cross-sectional study population was from a large-scale health examination programme called ‘human dock’ in Japan. In this study, 14,125 participants in this health examination programme were included. To understand the association between the WHtR and NAFLD more intuitively, we grouped the WHtR values into quintiles and used a multivariable logistic regression model to assess WHtR and its quintile with NAFLD risk. Moreover, we used the generalised additive model to model the association between WHtR and NAFLD to explore their non-linear relationship. Results The prevalence of NAFLD among participants in this study was 17.59%, with an average age of 43.53 ± 8.89 years. After adjusting for all non-collinear covariables, we observed a 66% increase in the NAFLD risk per SD increase in WHtR. Furthermore, in the quintile groups of WHtR, the participants in quintile 2, quintile 3, quintile 4, and quintile 5 had 3.62-fold, 5.98-fold, 9.55-fold, and 11.08-fold increased risks of NAFLD, respectively, compared with those in quintile 1 (Ptrend < 0.0001). Non-linear relationship analysis revealed threshold and saturation effects between WHtR and NAFLD in which a WHtR of approximately 0.4 might be the threshold effect of NAFLD risk, 0.6 might be the saturation effect of NAFLD risk. Additionally, subgroup analysis showed that the interaction between WHtR and BMI was significant. Conclusions Our results suggest that in adults, the WHtR is associated with NAFLD, and the association is not purely linear but non-linear, with significant threshold and saturation effects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-021-01824-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotai Sheng
- Cardiology Department, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiyang Xie
- Cardiology Department, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Rongsheng Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chong Hu
- Gastroenterology Department, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Mingchun Zhong
- Cardiology Department, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Cardiology Department, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Hsiao CC, Teng PH, Wu YJ, Shen YW, Mar GY, Wu FZ. Severe, but not mild to moderate, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with increased risk of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:244. [PMID: 34011282 PMCID: PMC8132380 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease. The prevalence is increasing to 45-65% in the general population with routine health check-up, and most subjects have the mild degree NAFLD in recent years. Moreover, there are no studies on the association between NAFLD severity and coronary atherosclerosis in the real-world setting by ultrasonography. METHODS The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the severity of NAFLD and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Overall, 817 subjects meet criteria for NAFLD were enrolled in the retrospective cohort study (155 subjects were excluded). The severity of NAFLD was divided into the normal, mild, moderate and severe degree based on the finding of abdominal ultrasonography. The assessment of coronary atherosclerosis was based on CAC scan/coronary CT angiography finding in terms of CAC score ≧ 100, CAC score ≧ 400, CAD-RADS ≧ 3 and presence of vulnerable plaque(s). RESULTS A significant linear trend was observed between the severity of NAFLD and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Compared with the reference group (including normal, mild, and moderate NAFLD), severe degree NAFLD was the independently associated risk of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in term of CAC score ≧ 100, CAC score ≧ 400, CAD-RADS ≧ 3 and presence of vulnerable plaque(s) based on binary logistic regression after adjustment for FRS score and body fat percentage. CONCLUSIONS Severe degree, but not mild to moderate, was associated with high risk of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, independently of FRS score and body-fat percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Hsiao
- Section of Thoracic and Circulation Imaging, Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Hsueh Teng
- Section of Thoracic and Circulation Imaging, Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Wu
- Section of Thoracic and Circulation Imaging, Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Shen
- Section of Thoracic and Circulation Imaging, Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yuan Mar
- Physical Examination Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Zong Wu
- Section of Thoracic and Circulation Imaging, Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Masson W, Lobo M, Masson G, Molinero G, Casciato P. Statin use in patients with elevated serum hepatic transaminases at baseline: A meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1357-1364. [PMID: 33715945 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Clinical trials showed that statin therapy decreased cardiovascular events without significantly raising the level of transaminases. However, the information in subjects with altered liver test at baseline is more limited. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to analyze the liver safety and cardiovascular benefit when using a statin-based lipid-lowering treatment compared to a less intensive treatment or placebo, in subjects with abnormal liver tests at baseline. DATA SYNTHESIS We performed a meta-analysis including randomized trials of statin-based lipid-lowering therapy versus less intensive lipid-lowering therapy or placebo, reporting worsening hepatic test (>3 ULN) and cardiovascular events in patients with abnormal liver tests at baseline. The random-effects model was performed. This meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Five eligible trials, including 2548 patients were identified and considered eligible for the analyses. A more intensive statin-based lipid-lowering therapy were associated with a similar occurrence of serious alteration of liver tests (OR: 0.90, 95% confidence interval: 0.21-3.99; I2: 64%) compared to less intensive or placebo treatments. Likewise, more intensive lipid-lowering strategies were associated with a significant reduction in major cardiovascular events (OR: 0.34, 95% confidence interval: 0.17-0.70; I2: 66%). CONCLUSIONS In this study, a more intensive statin-based lipid-lowering treatment, compared with less intensive treatment or placebo, showed a similar incidence of worsening transaminases levels in patients with abnormal liver tests at baseline. Also, a reduction in cardiovascular events was observed when a more intensive lipid-lowering therapy was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Masson
- Council of Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Prevention, Argentine Society of Cardiology, Azcuenaga 980, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Martín Lobo
- Council of Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Prevention, Argentine Society of Cardiology, Azcuenaga 980, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cardiology Department, Hospital Militar Campo de Mayo, Tte. Gral. Ricchieri S/N, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Masson
- Council of Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Prevention, Argentine Society of Cardiology, Azcuenaga 980, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cardiology Department, Instituto Cardiovascular San Isidro - Sanatorio Las Lomas, Von Wernicke 3031, San Isidro, Argentina
| | - Graciela Molinero
- Council of Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Prevention, Argentine Society of Cardiology, Azcuenaga 980, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Casciato
- Hepatology Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhou MX, Tian X, Wu ZQ, Li K, Li ZJ. Fuzhuan brick tea supplemented with areca nuts: Effects on serum and gut microbiota in mice. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13737. [PMID: 33876445 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Areca nut and Fuzhuan brick tea, a type of natural plant products, have obvious effects of fat reduction and weight loss; however, there is no report on their synergistic effect. This study investigated the effects of Fuzhuan brick tea supplemented with different concentrations of areca nut (5% (LAF), 10% (MAF), and 20% (HAF)) on serum and gut microbiota in Kunming (KM) mice. The results showed that Fuzhuan brick tea supplemented with areca nuts (AFTs) could reduce weight, prevent the accumulation of fat, inhibit the increase in the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose, free fatty acid, insulin, and total bile acid, alleviate the decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and regulate the composition of gut microbiota by high-fat diet intervention. The HAF group with 20% areca nut content showed the best effect. These results could provide a novel approach to prevent obesity and hyperlipidemia. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Consumption of areca nut and tea is widespread in Asia and other regions. As a controversial raw material, the damage due to areca nut to oral mucosa health has often aroused public concern and heated discussion; however, its medicinal value has been confirmed in terms of its pharmacological effects in various aspects. Fuzhuan brick tea, a type of traditional postfermented dark tea, has been confirmed to exert effects of antiobesity. Therefore, the areca nut and Fuzhuan brick tea, as a type of natural plant products, have obvious effects of fat reduction and weight loss; however, their synergistic effect has not been reported. To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore the effects of the Fuzhuan brick tea supplemented with areca nuts (AFTs) on serum and gut microbiota in mice. On the premise of exerting their beneficial effects (especially in terms of easing food stagnation and eliminating indigestion) and reducing their toxic and side effects, the effects of AFTs on health were further clarified, which could provide a novel direction for the development and utilization of areca nut. Moreover, our research would increase public understanding of areca nut and provide guidance to the Fuzhuan brick tea processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xi Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhong-Qin Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zong-Jun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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139
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Raffaele M, Kovacovicova K, Frohlich J, Lo Re O, Giallongo S, Oben JA, Faldyna M, Leva L, Giannone AG, Cabibi D, Vinciguerra M. Mild exacerbation of obesity- and age-dependent liver disease progression by senolytic cocktail dasatinib + quercetin. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:44. [PMID: 33832488 PMCID: PMC8034117 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly prevalent and represents a growing challenge in terms of prevention and treatment. A minority of affected patients develops inflammation, subsequently fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is a leading cause of cancer-related death. An increased number of senescent cells correlate with age-related tissue degeneration during NAFLD-induced HCC. Senolytics are promising agents that target selectively senescent cells. Previous studies showed that whereas a combination of the senolytic drugs dasatinib and quercetin (D + Q) reduced NAFLD in mice, D + Q lacked efficacy in removing doxorubicin-induced β-gal-positive senescent cells in human HCC xenografted mice. Whether D + Q has an effect on the age-associated spectrum of NAFLD-inflammation-HCC remains unknown. METHODS Here, we utilized an established model of age- and obesity-associated HCC, the low dose diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/high fat diet (HFD), a regimen promoting liver inflammation and tumorigenesis over a long period of 9 months. Four groups of mice each were created: group 1 included control untreated mice; group 2 included mice treated with D + Q; group 3 included mice undergoing the DEN/HFD protocol; group 4 included mice undergoing the DEN/HFD protocol with the administration of D + Q. At the end of the chemical/dietary regimen, we analyzed liver damage and cell senescence by histopathology, qPCR and immunoblotting approaches. RESULTS Unexpectedly, D + Q worsened liver disease progression in the DEN/HFD mouse model, slightly increasing histological damage and tumorigenesis, while having no effect on senescent cells removal. CONCLUSIONS In summary, using an animal model that fully recapitulates NAFLD, we demonstrate that these compounds are ineffective against age-associated NAFLD-induced HCC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Kovacovicova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Frohlich
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oriana Lo Re
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastiano Giallongo
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jude A. Oben
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health (ILDH), Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | | | - Lenka Leva
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonino Giulio Giannone
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Pathologic Anatomy Unit-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Cabibi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Pathologic Anatomy Unit-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health (ILDH), Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- ERA Chair in Translational Stem Cell Biology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
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140
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Villard A, Boursier J, Andriantsitohaina R. Bacterial and eukaryotic extracellular vesicles and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: new players in the gut-liver axis? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G485-G495. [PMID: 33471632 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00362.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver and intestine communicate in a bidirectional way through the biliary tract, portal vein, and other components of the gut-liver axis. The gut microbiota is one of the major contributors to the production of several proteins and bile acids. Imbalance in the gut bacterial community, called dysbiosis, participates in the development and progression of several chronic liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is currently considered the main chronic liver disease worldwide. Dysbiosis contributes to NAFLD development and progression, notably by a greater translocation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in the blood. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a PAMP that activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), induces liver inflammation, and participates in the development of fibrogenesis. LPS can be transported by bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are spherical structures produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells that transfer information to distant cells and may represent new players in NAFLD development and progression. The present review summarizes the role of eukaryotic EVs, either circulating or tissue-derived, in NAFLD features, such as liver inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Circulating EV levels are dynamic and correlate with disease stage and severity. However, scarce information is available concerning the involvement of bacterial EVs in liver disease. The present review highlights a potential role of bacterial EVs in insulin resistance and liver inflammation, although the mechanism involved has not been elucidated. In addition, because of their distinct signatures, eukaryotic and prokaryotic EVs may also represent a promising NAFLD diagnostic tool as a "liquid biopsy" in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Villard
- INSERM UMR1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Faculté de Santé, Université d'Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,EA 3859, Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité Tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH), Angers, France
| | - Jérôme Boursier
- EA 3859, Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité Tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH), Angers, France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- INSERM UMR1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Faculté de Santé, Université d'Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
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141
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Yilmaz Y, Byrne CD, Musso G. A single-letter change in an acronym: signals, reasons, promises, challenges, and steps ahead for moving from NAFLD to MAFLD. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:345-352. [PMID: 33270482 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1860019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: We are currently at the dawn of a revolution in the field of fatty liver diseases. Recently, a consensus recommended 'metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease' (MAFLD) as a more appropriate name to describe fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction, ultimately suggesting that the old acronym nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) should be abandoned.Areas covered: In this viewpoint, we discuss the reasons and relevance of this semantic modification through five different conceptual domains, i.e., 1) signals, 2) reasons, 2) promises, 4) challenges and 5) steps ahead.Expert opinion: The road ahead will not be traveled without major challenges. Further research to evaluate the positive and negative impacts of the nomenclature change is warranted. However, this modification should encourage increased disease awareness among policymakers and stimulate public and private investments leading to more effective therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Yilmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Liver Research Unit, Institute of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Giovanni Musso
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo Hospital; Laboratory of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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142
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Beyer C, Hutton C, Andersson A, Imajo K, Nakajima A, Kiker D, Banerjee R, Dennis A. Comparison between magnetic resonance and ultrasound-derived indicators of hepatic steatosis in a pooled NAFLD cohort. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249491. [PMID: 33793651 PMCID: PMC8016312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS MRI-based proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and the ultrasound-derived controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) are non-invasive techniques for quantifying liver fat, which can be used to assess steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study compared both of these techniques to histopathological graded steatosis for the assessment of fat levels in a large pooled NAFLD cohort. METHODS This retrospective study pooled N = 581 participants from two suspected NAFLD cohorts (mean age (SD) 56 (12.7), 60% females). Steatosis was graded according to NASH-CRN criteria. Liver fat was measured non-invasively using PDFF (with Liver MultiScan's Iterative Decomposition of water and fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least-squares estimation method, LMS-IDEAL, Perspectum, Oxford) and CAP (FibroScan, Echosens, France), and their diagnostic performances were compared. RESULTS LMS-IDEAL and CAP detected steatosis grade ≥ 1 with AUROCs of 1.00 (95% CI, 0.99-1.0) and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91-0.99), respectively. LMS-IDEAL was superior to CAP for detecting steatosis grade ≥ 2 with AUROCs of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.73-0.82] and 0.60 (95% CI, 0.55-0.65), respectively. Similarly, LMS-IDEAL outperformed CAP for detecting steatosis grade ≥ 3 with AUROCs of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76-0.87) and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.56-0.70), respectively. CONCLUSION LMS-IDEAL was able to diagnose individuals accurately across the spectrum of histological steatosis grades. CAP performed well in identifying individuals with lower levels of fat (steatosis grade ≥1); however, its diagnostic performance was inferior to LMS-IDEAL for higher levels of fat (steatosis grades ≥2 and ≥3). TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03551522); https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03551522. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000026145); https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000026145.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Dustin Kiker
- Texas Digestive Disease Consultants, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
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Zou Y, Zhong L, Hu C, Zhong M, Peng N, Sheng G. LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio is associated with new-onset NAFLD in Chinese non-obese people with normal lipids: a 5-year longitudinal cohort study. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:28. [PMID: 33766067 PMCID: PMC7993485 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-density lipoprotein to high density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) cholesterol ratio has been reported to predict the risk of many metabolic diseases. However, the association between the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been established. Methods A longitudinal cohort design was adopted in this study; 9767 non-obese subjects without NAFLD were included and analyzed. The subjects were grouped according to the quintile of LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio. The cumulative incidence of NAFLD and the independent effect of the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio on NAFLD during 5 years of follow-up were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional-hazards regression model. Results During the 5-year follow-up period, 841 subjects were diagnosed with new-onset NAFLD, and the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year cumulative incidence rates of NAFLD were 1.16, 4.65, 8.33, 12.43, and 25.14%, respectively. In the multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional-hazards regression model, the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was significantly associated with the risk for NAFLD (HR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.38–1.99, P trend< 0.001), especially among young people (HR: 3.96, 95% CI: 1.50–10.46, P interaction< 0.05). Additionally, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was better than HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in predicting new-onset NAFLD. Conclusions LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio is an independent predictor of NAFLD in Chinese non-obese people with normal lipids, and its predictive value is higher than that of other lipoproteins. In clinical practice, the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio can be used to identify people at high risk of NAFLD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01457-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Aiguo 152 Rd, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Lishui People's Hospital, No. 15 Dazhong St, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Chong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Aiguo 152 Rd, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Mingchun Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Aiguo 152 Rd, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Nan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Aiguo 152 Rd, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Guotai Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Aiguo 152 Rd, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Gut Microbiota and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Severity in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030238. [PMID: 33807075 PMCID: PMC8004607 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains an important health issue worldwide. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD is linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D). The gut microbiota is associated with the development of NAFLD and T2D. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and NAFLD severity has remained unclear in T2D patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of gut microbiota with the severity of NAFLD in T2D patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study used transient elastography (FibroScan) to evaluate the severity of hepatic steatosis. We utilized qPCR to measure the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Clostridium leptum group, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Escherichia coli. Results: Of 163 T2D patients, 83 with moderate to severe NAFLD had higher abundance of bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes with respect to 80 patients without NAFLD or with mild NAFLD. High abundance of the phylum Firmicutes increased the severity of NAFLD in T2D patients. A positive correlation between NAFLD severity and the phylum Firmicutes was found in T2D male patients with body mass index ≥24 kg/m2 and glycated hemoglobin <7.5%. Conclusion: Enrichment of the fecal microbiota with the phylum Firmicutes is significantly and positively associated with NAFLD severity in T2D patients. The gut microbiota is a potential predictor of NAFLD severity in T2D patients.
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Sánchez V, Brandt A, Jin CJ, Rajcic D, Engstler AJ, Jung F, Nier A, Baumann A, Bergheim I. Fortifying Butterfat with Soybean Oil Attenuates the Onset of Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Glucose Intolerance. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030959. [PMID: 33809593 PMCID: PMC8001628 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of plant oils such as soybean oil (S) to a diet rich in saturated fatty acids is discussed as a possible route to prevent or diminish the development of metabolic disease. Here, we assessed whether a butterfat-rich diet fortified with S affects the development of early non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and glucose intolerance. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard-control diet (C); a fat-, fructose-, and cholesterol-rich diet (FFC, 25E% butterfat, 50% (wt./wt.) fructose, 0.16% (wt./wt.) cholesterol); or FFC supplemented with S (FFC + S, 21E% butterfat + 4E% S) for 13 weeks. Indicators of liver damage, inflammation, intestinal barrier function, and glucose metabolism were measured. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged J774A.1 cells were incubated with linolenic and linoleic acids (ratio 1:7.1, equivalent to S). The development of early NASH and glucose intolerance was significantly attenuated in FFC + S–fed mice compared to FFC-fed mice associated with lower hepatic toll-like receptor-4 mRNA expression, while markers of intestinal barrier function were significantly higher than in C-fed mice. Linolenic and linoleic acid significantly attenuated LPS-induced formation of reactive nitrogen species and interleukin-1 beta mRNA expression in J774A.1 cells. Our results indicate that fortifying butterfat with S may attenuate the development of NASH and glucose intolerance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(1)-4277-54981; Fax: +43-1-4277-95-49
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Fucoidan and Fucoxanthin Attenuate Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation of NAFLD through Modulation of Leptin/Adiponectin Axis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030148. [PMID: 33809062 PMCID: PMC8001566 DOI: 10.3390/md19030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the emerging cause of chronic liver disease globally and lack of approved therapies. Here, we investigated the feasibility of combinatorial effects of low molecular weight fucoidan and high stability fucoxanthin (LMF-HSFx) as a therapeutic approach against NAFLD. We evaluated the inhibitory effects of LMF-HSFx or placebo in 42 NAFLD patients for 24 weeks and related mechanism in high fat diet (HFD) mice model and HepaRGTM cell line. We found that LMF-HSFx reduces the relative values of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c in NAFLD patients. For lipid metabolism, LMF-HSFx reduces the scores of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and increases adiponectin and leptin expression. Interestingly, it reduces liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients, either. The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon-γ are reduced in LMF-HSFx group. In HFD mice, LMF-HSFx attenuates hepatic lipotoxicity and modulates adipogenesis. Additionally, LMF-HSFx modulates SIRI-PGC-1 pathway in HepaRG cells under palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity environment. Here, we describe that LMF-HSFx ameliorated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. LMF-HSFx may modulate leptin-adiponectin axis in adipocytes and hepatocytes, then regulate lipid and glycogen metabolism, decrease insulin resistance and is against NAFLD.
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Chou YT, Li CH, Sun ZJ, Shen WC, Yang YC, Lu FH, Chang CJ, Wu JS. A Positive Relationship between Betel Nut Chewing and Significant Liver Fibrosis in NAFLD Subjects, but Not in Non-NAFLD Ones. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030914. [PMID: 33799865 PMCID: PMC7998430 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Betel nut chewing is associated with oral cancer, cardiovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to explore the association of betel nut chewing with liver fibrosis in subjects with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Method: A total of 5967 subjects were enrolled. NAFLD was diagnosed with ultrasonography. Betel nut chewing was classified into non-chewing, ex-chewing, and current chewing, and cumulative dosages were calculated. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/platelet ratio index and NAFLD fibrosis scores (NFS) were calculated for evaluation of liver fibrosis. Results: NAFLD increased the associated risk of liver fibrosis in those with (odds ratio (OR): 5.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.09–9.80) and without betel nut chewing (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.64–3.29). In subjects without NAFLD, betel nut chewing was not associated with liver fibrosis (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.44–2.86). In subjects with NAFLD, cumulative betel nut chewing and ex- and current chewing were positively associated with NFS and significant liver fibrosis. Conclusions: In subjects with NAFLD, betel nut chewing, even ex-chewing, was associated with a higher risk of liver fibrosis, where higher cumulative levels were found to increase the risk of significant liver fibrosis. However, the associated risk of liver fibrosis due to betel nut chewing was insignificant in subjects without NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tsung Chou
- Department of Health Management Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Z.-J.S.); (W.-C.S.); (Y.-C.Y.); (F.-H.L.)
| | - Chung-Hao Li
- Department of Health Management Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Z.-J.S.); (W.-C.S.); (Y.-C.Y.); (F.-H.L.)
| | - Zih-Jie Sun
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Z.-J.S.); (W.-C.S.); (Y.-C.Y.); (F.-H.L.)
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin 64043, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Shen
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Z.-J.S.); (W.-C.S.); (Y.-C.Y.); (F.-H.L.)
| | - Yi-Ching Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Z.-J.S.); (W.-C.S.); (Y.-C.Y.); (F.-H.L.)
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Hwa Lu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Z.-J.S.); (W.-C.S.); (Y.-C.Y.); (F.-H.L.)
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Z.-J.S.); (W.-C.S.); (Y.-C.Y.); (F.-H.L.)
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-J.C.); (J.-S.W.); Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5210) (J.-S.W.)
| | - Jin-Shang Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Z.-J.S.); (W.-C.S.); (Y.-C.Y.); (F.-H.L.)
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin 64043, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-J.C.); (J.-S.W.); Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5210) (J.-S.W.)
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Attenuation Imaging with Ultrasound as a Novel Evaluation Method for Liver Steatosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10050965. [PMID: 33801163 PMCID: PMC7957732 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, ultrasound attenuation imaging (ATI) has emerged as a new method to detect liver steatosis. However, thus far, no studies have confirmed the clinical utility of this technology. Using a retrospective database analysis of 28 patients with chronic liver disease who underwent ultrasound liver biopsy and ATI, we compared the presence and degree of steatosis measured by ATI with the results obtained through liver biopsy. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the ATI for differentiating between normal and hepatic steatosis was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.83–1.00). The AUROC of the ATI was 0.99 (95% confidence interval: 0.86–1.00) in grade ≥2 liver steatosis and 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.82–1.00) in grade 3. ATI showed good consistency and accuracy for the steatosis grading of liver biopsy. Therefore, ATI represents a novel diagnostic measurement to support the diagnosis of liver steatosis in non-invasive clinical practice.
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Kang K, Sun Y, Pan D, Sang LX, Sun MJ, Li YL, Chang B. Distinctive gut microbial dysbiosis between chronic alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in mice. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:418. [PMID: 33777186 PMCID: PMC7967804 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota, which may affect normal physiological and biochemical functions, has an important role in the development of human liver diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in the gut microbiota between chronic alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). AFLD was induced by chronic alcohol administration and MAFLD was induced by a Western-style diet in C57BL/6 mice. After 8 weeks, the levels of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and IL-10 were assessed and H&E staining of mouse liver tissue was performed. High-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA from the intestinal contents was used to analyze the different effects of AFLD and MAFLD on the gut microbiota. Differences in the gut microbiota composition were assessed by the t-test. The results revealed increases in LPS, ALT, AST, TG, IL-1β and TNF-α in the AFLD group. Compared with those in the MAFLD control group, the MAFLD group exhibited increased plasma ALT, TG, TC, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels and decreased plasma IL-10 levels. In addition, the α- and β-diversities revealed that the AFLD and MAFLD groups exhibited obvious changes in the gut structure (with an increase in abundance in the AFLD group and a decrease in abundance in the MAFLD group). In comparison to the AFLD control group, Enterococcaceae were the most abundant bacteria at the family level and Enterococcus and Streptococcus were the most abundant bacteria at the genus level in the AFLD group. However, in the MAFLD group, Lachnospiraceae was the most abundant at the family level, with increases in Erysipelatoclostridium, Gordonibacter and Streptococcus at the genus level and a decrease in the genus Bifidobacterium. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that the AFLD and MAFLD groups harbored differences in the gut microbiota. The marked differences in the gut microbiota at the family and genus levels may contribute to the development process of FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dan Pan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xuan Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Jun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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150
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Darbà J. Direct medical costs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Catalonia at the hospital level: a retrospective multicenter study. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2021; 22:341-349. [PMID: 33593235 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2021.1890586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide, which is expected to correlate with significant medical and social costs. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and economic burden of NAFLD in Catalonia at the hospital level.Methods: Records of all patients diagnosed with NAFLD and treated in Catalan hospitals between the year 2007 and 2018 were extracted from a patient-level healthcare database.Results: Admission files of 24,172 individual patients were obtained. High comorbidity rates were found across age groups, with a mean Charlson Comorbidity Index of 5.1. In-hospital mortality rate increased over the study period, and was associated to a higher comorbidity rate. Disease complexity was increased in this patient group, which is associated with larger medical costs. The mean annual cost per patient was €4073, with a total annual direct medical cost of €27,370,827. The greatest portion of costs was attributed to surgical interventions (€14,429,336).Conclusions: The high level of comorbidity and disease complexity in this patient group versus the general population is expected to correlate with a more intensive use of medical resources and costs. This study provides novel data to inform resource allocation and disease management decisions at the regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Darbà
- Department of Economics, Universitat De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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