101
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Mazzone G, Morisco C, Lembo V, D'Argenio G, D'Armiento M, Rossi A, Giudice CD, Trimarco B, Caporaso N, Morisco F. Dietary supplementation of vitamin D prevents the development of western diet-induced metabolic, hepatic and cardiovascular abnormalities in rats. United European Gastroenterol J 2018; 6:1056-1064. [PMID: 30228894 DOI: 10.1177/2050640618774140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The western diet high in fat and fructose may cause metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Objective To evaluate whether long-term daily vitamin D3 supplementation prevents hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular abnormalities and restores insulin sensitivity caused by fat diet in rats without vitamin D deficiency. Methods Three groups of rats were fed for 6 months with standard diet (SD), western diet (WD) or WD containing 23 IU/day/rat vitamin D3, respectively. Tail-cuff systolic blood pressure (SBP)measurements in conscious rats and transthoracic echocardiography were performed in basal condition, and after 3 and 6 months of diet. Hepatic steatosis and myocardial fibrosis were assessed in liver and cardiac tissues using standard methods. Serum insulin and 25(OH)D3 concentrations were determined using rat-specific ELISA kits. Insulin resistance was determined according to the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method. Results Sixty-one per cent of hepatocytes in WD rats had steatotic vacuoles compared with just 27% in rats on a WD plus vitamin D3 (p < 0.05).HOMA-IR was reduced in rats with vitamin D supplementation compared with WD alone (19.4 ± 5.2 vs 41.9 ± 8.9, p < 0.05). Rat blood pressure and left ventricular mass were both reduced by vitamin D3 supplementation. Conclusion In animal models of liver and cardiovascular metabolic damage, the supplementation of vitamin D3 shows liver and cardio-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mazzone
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Morisco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lembo
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Argenio
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Maria D'Armiento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Rossi
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Del Giudice
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Caporaso
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Morisco
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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102
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Carranza-González L, León-Cachón RBR, González-Zavala MA, Ríos-Ibarra C, Morlett-Chávez J, Sánchez-Domínguez C, Cepeda-Nieto A, Salinas-Santander M. ACE, APOA5, and MTP Gene Polymorphisms Analysis in Relation to Triglyceride and Insulin Levels in Pediatric Patients. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:94-100. [PMID: 29705673 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity is a complex, chronic, and multifactorial disease that has become a major, and worldwide, public health problem contributing to an increased number of pathologies, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, thus suggesting a commolon origin. A diet high in sugar and fats coupled with a sedentary lifestyle has a major role in the development of obesity. However, the genetic background has also been associated with body fat accumulation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect ofACE-rs4646994, APOA5-rs662799, and MTP-rs1800591 gene polymorphisms on clinical and biochemical parameters and to evaluate the association with body phenotypes in children and adolescent population of Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. METHODS Anthropometric, clinical, biochemical parameters and BMI were obtained from 405 children and adolescents. The BMI was used to determine the body phenotype. The rs4646994 gene polymorphism was determined by PCR, whereas rs662799 and rs1800591 were determined by PCR-RFLP. The obtained results were analyzed to determine their association of these single nucleotide polymorphisms with body phenotype and biochemical parameters. RESULTS TT genotype for APOA5-rs662799 was associated with increased levels of HDL-C in the analyzed population (p <0.05). The ACErs4646994gene polymorphism is associated with high Insulin levels, HOMAIR index, and triglyceride levels, mainly when presenting a I/I genotype (p <0.05). CONCLUSION The polymorphic allele of the ACE gene is capable of modulating triglyceride levels, insulin levels and HOMA-IR index in the evaluated population; it must be highlighted that this has not been reported in other studied populations elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Carranza-González
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínico, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Saltillo, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Coahuila, México
| | - Rafael B R León-Cachón
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
| | - María Antonia González-Zavala
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínico, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Saltillo, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Coahuila, México
| | - Clara Ríos-Ibarra
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Jesús Morlett-Chávez
- Departamento de Investigación Alimentaria, Escuela de Química Saltillo, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Coahuila, México
| | - Celia Sánchez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, México
| | - Ana Cepeda-Nieto
- Departamento de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina de la Unidad Saltillo, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Mauricio Salinas-Santander
- Departamento de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina de la Unidad Saltillo, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
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103
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Kumar N, Khakoo SI. Hepatocellular carcinoma: Prospects for natural killer cell immunotherapy. HLA 2018; 92:3-11. [PMID: 29667374 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease is a growing cause of death in the United Kingdom and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rising (http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/). The combination of an immunosuppressive environment within the liver and suboptimal host anti-tumour immune responses may account for the poor survival outcome of HCC. Understanding how tumours evade immune recognition coupled with new insights into the unique immunological environment within the liver will be critical to developing liver-specific immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kumar
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S I Khakoo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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104
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Palmer M, Jennings L, Silberg DG, Bliss C, Martin P. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 study of the safety, tolerability and pharmacodynamics of volixibat in overweight and obese but otherwise healthy adults: implications for treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19:10. [PMID: 29548345 PMCID: PMC5857122 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulation of toxic free cholesterol in hepatocytes may cause hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Volixibat inhibits bile acid reuptake via the apical sodium bile acid transporter located on the luminal surface of the ileum. The resulting increase in bile acid synthesis from cholesterol could be beneficial in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. This adaptive dose-finding study investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of volixibat. Methods Overweight and obese adults were randomised 3:1 to double-blind volixibat or placebo, respectively, for 12 days. Volixibat was initiated at a once-daily dose of 20 mg, 40 mg or 80 mg. Based on the assessment of predefined safety events, volixibat dosing was either escalated or reduced. Other dose regimens (titrations and twice-daily dosing) were also evaluated. Assessments included safety, tolerability, stool hardness, faecal bile acid (FBA) excretion, and serum levels of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) and lipids. Results All 84 randomised participants (volixibat, 63; placebo, 21) completed the study, with no serious adverse events at doses of up to 80 mg per day (maximum assessed dose). The median number of daily bowel evacuations increased from 1 (range 0–4) to 2 (0–8) during volixibat treatment, and stool was looser with volixibat than placebo. Volixibat was minimally absorbed; serum levels were rarely quantifiable at any dose or sampling time point, thereby precluding pharmacokinetic analyses. Mean daily FBA excretion was 930.61 μmol (standard deviation [SD] 468.965) with volixibat and 224.75 μmol (195.403) with placebo; effects were maximal at volixibat doses ≥20 mg/day. Mean serum C4 concentrations at day 12 were 98.767 ng/mL (standard deviation, 61.5841) with volixibat and 16.497 ng/mL (12.9150) with placebo. Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased in the volixibat group, with median changes of − 0.70 mmol/L (range − 2.8 to 0.4) and − 0.6990 mmol/L (− 3.341 to 0.570), respectively. Conclusions This study indicates that maximal inhibition of bile acid reabsorption, as assessed by FBA excretion, occurs at volixibat doses of ≥20 mg/day in obese and overweight adults, without appreciable change in gastrointestinal tolerability. These findings guided dose selection for an ongoing phase 2 study in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02287779 (registration first received 6 November 2014). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40360-018-0200-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Palmer
- Global Development Lead Hepatology, Shire, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
| | - Lee Jennings
- Global Development Lead Hepatology, Shire, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Debra G Silberg
- Shire International GmbH, Zahlerweg 10, 6301, Zug, Switzerland
| | - Caleb Bliss
- Global Development Lead Hepatology, Shire, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Patrick Martin
- Global Development Lead Hepatology, Shire, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
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105
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Kraakman MJ, Kammoun HL, Dragoljevic D, Al-Sharea A, Lee MKS, Flynn MC, Stolz CJ, Guirguis AA, Lancaster GI, Chin-Dusting J, Curtis DJ, Murphy AJ. Leptin-deficient obesity prolongs survival in a murine model of myelodysplastic syndrome. Haematologica 2018; 103:597-606. [PMID: 29371326 PMCID: PMC5865427 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.181958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity enhances the risk of developing myelodysplastic syndromes. However, the effect of obesity on survival is unclear. Obese people present with monocytosis due to inflammatory signals emanating from obese adipose tissue. We hypothesized that obesity-induced myelopoiesis would promote the transition of myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia and accelerate mortality in obesity. Obese Ob/Ob mice or their lean littermate controls received a bone marrow transplant from NUP98-HOXD13 transgenic mice, a model of myelodysplastic syndrome. The metabolic parameters of the mice were examined throughout the course of the study, as were blood leukocytes. Myeloid cells were analyzed in the bone, spleen, liver and adipose tissue by flow cytometry halfway through the disease progression and at the endpoint. Survival curves were also calculated. Contrary to our hypothesis, transplantation of NUP98-HOXD13 bone marrow into obese recipient mice significantly increased survival time compared with lean recipient controls. While monocyte skewing was exacerbated in obese mice receiving NUP98-HOXD13 bone marrow, transformation to acute myeloid leukemia was not enhanced. Increased survival of obese mice was associated with a preservation of fat mass as well as increased myeloid cell deposition within the adipose tissue, and a concomitant reduction in detrimental myeloid cell accumulation within other organs. The study herein revealed that obesity increases survival in animals with myelodysplastic syndrome. This may be due to the greater fat mass of Ob/Ob mice, which acts as a sink for myeloid cells, preventing their accumulation in other key organs, such as the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kraakman
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Helene L Kammoun
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dragana Dragoljevic
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Annas Al-Sharea
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Man K S Lee
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle C Flynn
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian J Stolz
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew A Guirguis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graeme I Lancaster
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - David J Curtis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia .,Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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106
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Role of microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharide in adipose tissue inflammation, adipocyte size and pyroptosis during obesity. Nutr Res Rev 2018; 31:153-163. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954422417000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIt has been established that ingestion of a high-fat diet increases the blood levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria in the gut. Obesity is characterised by low-grade systemic and adipose tissue inflammation. This is suggested to be implicated in the metabolic syndrome and obesity. In the present review, we hypothesise that LPS directly and indirectly participates in the inflammatory reaction in adipose tissue during obesity. The experimental evidence shows that LPS is involved in the transition of macrophages from the M2 to the M1 phenotype. In addition, LPS inside adipocytes may activate caspase-4/5/11. This may induce a highly inflammatory type of programmed cell death (i.e. pyroptosis), which also occurs after infection with intracellular pathogens. Lipoproteins with or without LPS are taken up by adipocytes. Large adipocytes are more metabolically active and potentially more exposed to LPS than small adipocytes are. Thus, LPS might be involved in defining the adipocyte death size and the formation of crown-like structures. The adipocyte death size is reached when the intracellular concentration of LPS initiates pyroptosis. The mechanistic details remain to be elucidated, but the observations indicate that adipocytes are stimulated to cell death by processes that involve LPS from the gut microbiota. There is a complex interplay between the composition of the diet and microbiota. This influences the amount of LPS that is translocated from the gut. In particular, the lipid content of a meal may correlate with the amount of LPS built in to chylomicrons.
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107
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Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, Charlton M, Cusi K, Rinella M, Harrison SA, Brunt EM, Sanyal AJ. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2018; 67:328-357. [PMID: 28714183 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4396] [Impact Index Per Article: 732.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zobair Younossi
- Center for Liver Disease and Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA
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108
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Yoo W, Gjuka D, Stevenson HL, Song X, Shen H, Yoo SY, Wang J, Fallon M, Ioannou GN, Harrison SA, Beretta L. Fatty acids in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Focus on pentadecanoic acid. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189965. [PMID: 29244873 PMCID: PMC5731750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease and ranges from isolated steatosis to NASH. To determine whether circulating fatty acids could serve as diagnostic markers of NAFLD severity and whether specific fatty acids could contribute to the pathogenesis of NASH, we analyzed two independent NAFLD patient cohorts and used the methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD) NASH mouse model. We identified six fatty acids that could serve as non-invasive markers of NASH in patients with NAFLD. Serum levels of 15:0, 17:0 and 16:1n7t negatively correlated with NAFLD activity scores and hepatocyte ballooning scores, while 18:1n7c serum levels strongly correlated with fibrosis stage and liver inflammation. Serum levels of 15:0 and 17:0 also negatively correlated with fasting glucose and AST, while 16:1n7c and 18:1n7c levels positively correlated with AST and ferritin, respectively. Inclusion of demographic and clinical parameters improved the performance of the fatty acid panels in detecting NASH in NAFLD patients. The panel [15:0, 16:1n7t, 18:1n7c, 22:5n3, age, ferritin and APRI] predicted intermediate or advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients, with 82% sensitivity at 90% specificity [AUROC = 0.92]. 15:0 and 18:1n7c were further selected for functional studies in vivo. Mice treated with 15:0-supplemented MCD diet showed reduced AST levels and hepatic infiltration of ceroid-laden macrophages compared to MCD-treated mice, suggesting that 15:0 deficiency contributes to liver injury in NASH. In contrast, 18:1n7c-supplemented MCD diet didn’t affect liver pathology. In conclusion, 15:0 may serve as a promising biomarker or therapeutic target in NASH, opening avenues for the integration of diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonbeak Yoo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Donjeta Gjuka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Heather L. Stevenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Suk Young Yoo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Fallon
- Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - George N. Ioannou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura Beretta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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109
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Knebel B, Göddeke S, Hartwig S, Hörbelt T, Fahlbusch P, Al-Hasani H, Jacob S, Koellmer C, Nitzgen U, Schiller M, Lehr S, Kotzka J. Alteration of Liver Peroxisomal and Mitochondrial Functionality in the NZO Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 12. [PMID: 29068532 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consists of five risk factors: elevated blood pressure and fasting glucose, visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypercholesterinemia. The physiological impact of lipid metabolism indicated as visceral obesity and hepatic lipid accumulation on MetS is still under debate. One major cause of disturbed lipid metabolism might be dysfunction of cellular organelles controlling energy homeostasis, i.e., mitochondria and peroxisomes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The New Zealand Obese (NZO) mouse model exhibits a polygenic syndrome of obesity, insulin resistance, triglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia that resembles human metabolic syndrome. We applied a multi-omics approach combining lipidomics with liver transcriptomics and top-down MS based organelle proteomics (2D-DIGE) of highly enriched mitochondria and peroxisomes in male mice, to investigate molecular mechanisms related to the impact of lipid metabolism in the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Proteome analyses of liver organelles indicate differences in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, mainly influenced by PG-C1α/PPARα and other nuclear receptor mediated pathways. These results are in accordance with altered serum lipid profiles and elevated organelle functionality. These data emphasize that metabolic syndrome is accompanied with increased mitochondria and peroxisomal activity to cope with dyslipidemia and hypercholesterinemia driven hepatic lipid overflow in developing a fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Knebel
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center of Diabetes Research Partner, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon Göddeke
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center of Diabetes Research Partner, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center of Diabetes Research Partner, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tina Hörbelt
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center of Diabetes Research Partner, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Pia Fahlbusch
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center of Diabetes Research Partner, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center of Diabetes Research Partner, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sylvia Jacob
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center of Diabetes Research Partner, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia Koellmer
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center of Diabetes Research Partner, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Nitzgen
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center of Diabetes Research Partner, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Schiller
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center of Diabetes Research Partner, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center of Diabetes Research Partner, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jorg Kotzka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center of Diabetes Research Partner, Duesseldorf, Germany
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110
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Lee HW, Seong SJ, Ohk B, Kang WY, Gwon MR, Kim BK, Kim HJ, Yoon YR. Pharmacokinetic and safety evaluation of MB12066, an NQO1 substrate. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:2719-2725. [PMID: 29066863 PMCID: PMC5604554 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s142339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety of a newly developed β-lapachone (MB12066) tablet, a natural NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) substrate, in healthy male volunteers. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose, two-treatment study, 100 mg MB12066 or placebo was given twice daily for 8 days to groups of eight or three fasted healthy male subjects, respectively, followed by serial blood sampling. Plasma concentrations for β-lapachone were determined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. PK parameters were obtained with non-compartmental analysis. Tolerability was assessed based on physical examinations, vital signs, clinical laboratory tests, and electrocardiograms. Results Following a single 100 mg MB12066 oral dose, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of β-lapachone was 3.56±1.55 ng/mL, and the median (range) time to reach Cmax was 3 h (2–5 h). After the 8 days of 100 mg twice daily repeated dosing was completed, mean terminal half-life was determined to be 18.16±3.14 h, and the mean area under the plasma concentration vs time curve at steady state was 50.44±29.68 ng·h/mL. Accumulation index was 2.72±0.37. No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported, and all reported intensities of AEs were mild. Conclusion The results demonstrated that MB12066 was safe and well tolerated in healthy volunteers and that there were no serious AEs. Accumulation in plasma with twice-daily administration was associated with a 2.72 accumulation ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Won Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital
| | - Sook Jin Seong
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital
| | - Boram Ohk
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Kyungpook National University Graduate School
| | - Woo Youl Kang
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Kyungpook National University Graduate School
| | - Mi-Ri Gwon
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital
| | - Bo Kyung Kim
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Kyungpook National University Graduate School
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ran Yoon
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Kyungpook National University Graduate School
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111
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Atilano-Roque A, Roda G, Fogueri U, Kiser JJ, Joy MS. Effect of Disease Pathologies on Transporter Expression and Function. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 56 Suppl 7:S205-21. [PMID: 27385176 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transporters are important determinants of drug absorption, distribution, and excretion. The clinical relevance of drug transporters in drug disposition and toxicology depends on their localization in liver, kidney, and brain. There has been growing evidence regarding the importance of disease status on alterations in metabolizing enzymes and transporter proteins. This review focuses on uptake and efflux transporter proteins in liver, kidney, and brain and discusses mechanisms of altered transporter expression and function secondary to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandla Atilano-Roque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gavriel Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Uma Fogueri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer J Kiser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melanie S Joy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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112
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Cui CX, Deng JN, Yan L, Liu YY, Fan JY, Mu HN, Sun HY, Wang YH, Han JY. Silibinin Capsules improves high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hamsters through modifying hepatic de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:24-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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113
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Willy JA, Young SK, Mosley AL, Gawrieh S, Stevens JL, Masuoka HC, Wek RC. Function of inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase isoform α (IBTKα) in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis links autophagy and the unfolded protein response. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14050-14065. [PMID: 28710282 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.799304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (steatosis) is the most prevalent liver disease in the Western world. One of the advanced pathologies is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and disruption of autophagic flux. However, the mechanisms by which these processes contribute to the pathogenesis of human diseases are unclear. Herein, we identify the α isoform of the inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (IBTKα) as a member of the UPR, whose expression is preferentially translated during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We found that IBTKα is located in the ER and associates with proteins LC3b, SEC16A, and SEC31A and plays a previously unrecognized role in phagophore initiation from ER exit sites. Depletion of IBTKα helps prevent accumulation of autophagosome intermediates stemming from exposure to saturated free fatty acids and rescues hepatocytes from death. Of note, induction of IBTKα and the UPR, along with inhibition of autophagic flux, was associated with progression from steatosis to NASH in liver biopsies. These results indicate a function for IBTKα in NASH that links autophagy with activation of the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Willy
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5126
| | - Sara K Young
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5126
| | - Amber L Mosley
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5126
| | - Samer Gawrieh
- Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5126
| | - James L Stevens
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5126
| | - Howard C Masuoka
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5126
| | - Ronald C Wek
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5126.
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114
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You Y, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Hu K, Qu X, Liu Y, Lu B, Jin L. Protein profiling and functional analysis of liver mitochondria from rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2379-2388. [PMID: 28677739 PMCID: PMC5547946 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The aim of the present study was to comprehensively determine mitochondrial abnormalities in NASH by detecting the proteomics in liver mitochondria in a NASH rat model, which was induced for 16 weeks by the provision of a high fat and high cholesterol diet (HFD). Serum parameters, including triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined, and hematoxylin and eosin staining of liver tissues was examined to evaluate the NASH rat model. Various parameters associated with mitochondrial function were examined, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRC) activity. The mitochondrial proteomics were analyzed and identified using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling coupled with two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The identified proteins were classified and grouped using the Blast2GO program against the non-redundant protein database, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database and the Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins database. Compared with the control, mtDNA copy number, MMP, and activities of MRC I and III were decreased markedly in the HFD group. A total of 18 upregulated and 13 downregulated proteins were identified, with a significant 1.2-fold difference between the control and NASH groups. The dysregulated proteins were closely involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, the lipid metabolic process and fatty acid β-oxidation. The results of the present study provide important proteomic information regarding liver mitochondria in NASH and serve as a basis for further detailed investigations of the pathogenesis of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting You
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yuxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Keke Hu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhag Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Bin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Liqin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
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115
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王 鹤, 孙 鹏, 刘 克. 肝脏转运体表达和功能的变化对肝疾病的影响. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:1427-1437. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i16.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
转运体是药物吸收、分布、代谢和排泄的重要决定因素, 在肝脏表达尤为广泛. 肝脏转运体可以摄取大多数内源性物质、营养物质和外源性物质进入肝脏, 在肝脏内经过一系列的代谢转化, 最终将其外排入胆汁, 并由胆汁排到肝外. 越来越多的证据表明, 肝脏疾病状态下转运体的表达和功能会发生改变, 影响药物在体内的处置过程, 进而增加药物相互作用的可能性, 同时加大了疾病药物治疗的难度. 本文从肝脏摄取型和外排型转运体两方面出发, 针对肝脏转运体表达和功能的变化对肝疾病的影响作一综述.
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116
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Wang S, Li X, Guo H, Yuan Z, Wang T, Zhang L, Jiang Z. Emodin alleviates hepatic steatosis by inhibiting sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 activity by way of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-AMP-activated protein kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin-p70 ribosomal S6 kinase signaling pathway. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:683-701. [PMID: 27492505 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of emodin on the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS In vitro, hepatocytes were treated with 1 mM free fatty acid together with various concentrations of emodin. In vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group, high-fat diet (HFD) group, and three HFD groups treated with 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg emodin, respectively. After being fed a HFD for 4 weeks, rats were orally dosed with emodin once daily for 8 weeks. The biochemical parameters and histology features were examined. The expression of lipogenic and lipolytic gene and protein and the phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase (CaMKK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) were measured in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Emodin improved lipid accumulation in vitro and in vivo. Emodin downregulated the levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and its target enzymes but increased lipolysis-related proteins and mRNA. Phosphorylation of AMPK was increased, while phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K were suppressed by emodin. The nuclear translocation of SREBP1 was inhibited by emodin by AMPK and mTOR. Emodin activated AMPK by CaMKK and reversed the reduction of CaMKK in HFD-fed rats. CONCLUSION Emodin effectively ameliorates hepatic steatosis through the CaMKK-AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K-SREBP1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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117
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Cheng BC, Yen YH, Chen JF, Wu CK, Chang KC, Tseng PL, Tsai MC, Lin MT, Lin JT, Chen JB, Hu TH. Transient elastography as a screening tool for liver fibrosis in a large hemodialysis population. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46458. [PMID: 28422172 PMCID: PMC5396067 DOI: 10.1038/srep46458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, an etiological factor in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is often present in hemodialysis patients. Little is known about the prevalence of, and factors associated with, liver fibrosis in hemodialysis populations. We used transient elastography (TE) to investigate these phenomena. 659 patients treated with chronic hemodialysis were enrolled. We excluded those with excess alcohol intake, liver stiffness measurement (LSM) failure, or unreliable LSM values. LSM ≥8.0 kPa was used as a cutoff suggesting clinically relevant fibrosis. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) ≥ 232.5 dB/m was used as a cutoff suggesting steatosis. 333 patients (50.5%) had steatosis, 159 (24.1%) had hepatitis B or C, and 149 (22.6%) had LSM ≥8.0 kPa. In multivariable analyses, male gender (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.29–3.63; P = 0.004), overweight body habitus (OR:2.31; 95% CI: 1.35–3.94; P = 0.002), high AST level (OR:1.08; 95% CI: 1.04–1.12; P < 0.001), low albumin level (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12–0.53; P < 0.001), low creatinine level (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.79–1.00; P = 0.05) and low platelet count (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99–1.00; P < 0.001) were associated with LSM ≥8.0 kPa. We thus conclude that hemodialysis patients have a high prevalence of NAFLD and clinically relevant fibrosis. NAFLD may be an important determinant of clinically relevant fibrosis in hemodialysis populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Chung Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Yen
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Fu Chen
- Division of Endocrinology &Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kun Wu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Chang
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Tseng
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chao Tsai
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsung Lin
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Ting Lin
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bor Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hui Hu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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118
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Hinds TD, Hosick PA, Chen S, Tukey RH, Hankins MW, Nestor-Kalinoski A, Stec DE. Mice with hyperbilirubinemia due to Gilbert's syndrome polymorphism are resistant to hepatic steatosis by decreased serine 73 phosphorylation of PPARα. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E244-E252. [PMID: 28096081 PMCID: PMC5406988 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00396.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gilbert's syndrome in humans is derived from a polymorphism (TA repeat) in the hepatic UGT1A1 gene that results in decreased conjugation and increased levels of unconjugated bilirubin. Recently, we have shown that bilirubin binds directly to the fat-burning nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα). Additionally, we have shown that serine 73 phosphorylation [Ser(P)73] of PPARα decreases activity by reducing its protein levels and transcriptional activity. The aim of this study was to determine whether humanized mice with the Gilbert's polymorphism (HuUGT*28) have increased PPARα activation and reduced hepatic fat accumulation. To determine whether humanized mice with Gilbert's mutation (HuUGT*28) have reduced hepatic lipids, we placed them and C57BL/6J control mice on a high-fat (60%) diet for 36 wk. Body weights, fat and lean mass, and fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were measured every 6 wk throughout the investigation. At the end of the study, hepatic lipid content was measured and PPARα regulated genes as well as immunostaining of Ser(P)73 PPARα from liver sections. The HuUGT*28 mice had increased serum bilirubin, lean body mass, decreased fat mass, and hepatic lipid content as well as lower serum glucose and insulin levels. Also, the HuUGT*28 mice had reduced Ser(P)73 PPARα immunostaining in livers and increased PPARα transcriptional activity compared with controls. A chronic but mild endogenous increase in unconjugated hyperbiliubinemia protects against hepatic steatosis through a reduction in Ser(P)73 PPARα, causing an increase in PPARα transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry D Hinds
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Peter A Hosick
- Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey
| | - Shujuan Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Robert H Tukey
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Michael W Hankins
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Andrea Nestor-Kalinoski
- Advanced Microscopy and Imaging Center, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi;
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119
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Hosick PA, Weeks MF, Hankins MW, Moore KH, Stec DE. Sex-Dependent Effects of HO-1 Deletion from Adipocytes in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030611. [PMID: 28287466 PMCID: PMC5372627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been demonstrated to decrease body weight and improve insulin sensitivity in several models of obesity in rodents. To further study the role of HO-1 in adipose tissue, we created an adipose-specific HO-1 knockout mouse model. Male and female mice were fed either a control or a high-fat diet for 30 weeks. Body weights were measured weekly and body composition, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were determined every six weeks. Adipocyte-specific knockout of HO-1 had no significant effect on body weight in mice fed a high-fat diet but increased body weight in female mice fed a normal-fat diet. Although body weights were not different in females fed a high fat diet, loss of HO-1 in adipocytes resulted in significant alterations in body composition. Adipose-specific HO-1 knockout resulted in increased fasting hyperglycemia and insulinemia in female but not male mice on both diets. Adipose-specific knockout of HO-1 resulted in a significant loss of HO activity and a decrease in the protein levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue. These results demonstrate that loss of HO-1 in adipocytes has greater effects on body fat and fasting hyperglycemia in a sex-dependent fashion and that expression of HO-1 in adipose tissue may have a greater protective role in females as compared to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Hosick
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
- Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.
| | - Mary Frances Weeks
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Michael W Hankins
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Kyle H Moore
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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120
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LIVER ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN DOLPHINS: USE OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY TO ESTABLISH A TECHNIQUE FOR HEPATOBILIARY IMAGING AND TO EVALUATE METABOLIC DISEASE-ASSOCIATED LIVER CHANGES IN BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2017; 47:1034-1043. [PMID: 28080913 DOI: 10.1638/2015-0173.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to establish a comprehensive technique for ultrasound examination of the dolphin hepatobiliary system and apply this technique to 30 dolphins to determine what, if any, sonographic changes are associated with blood-based indicators of metabolic syndrome (insulin greater than 14 μIU/ml or glucose greater than 112 mg/dl) and iron overload (transferrin saturation greater than 65%). A prospective study of individuals in a cross-sectional population with and without elevated postprandial insulin levels was performed. Twenty-nine bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) in a managed collection were included in the final data analysis. An in-water ultrasound technique was developed that included detailed analysis of the liver and pancreas. Dolphins with hyperinsulinemia concentrations had larger livers compared with dolphins with nonelevated concentrations. Using stepwise, multivariate regression including blood-based indicators of metabolic syndrome in dolphins, glucose was the best predictor of and had a positive linear association with liver size (P = 0.007, R2 = 0.24). Bottlenose dolphins are susceptible to metabolic syndrome and associated complications that affect the liver, including fatty liver disease and iron overload. This study facilitated the establishment of a technique for a rapid, diagnostic, and noninvasive ultrasonographic evaluation of the dolphin liver. In addition, the study identified ultrasound-detectable hepatic changes associated primarily with elevated glucose concentration in dolphins. Future investigations will strive to detail the pathophysiological mechanisms for these changes.
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Abstract
Ketone body metabolism is a central node in physiological homeostasis. In this review, we discuss how ketones serve discrete fine-tuning metabolic roles that optimize organ and organism performance in varying nutrient states and protect from inflammation and injury in multiple organ systems. Traditionally viewed as metabolic substrates enlisted only in carbohydrate restriction, observations underscore the importance of ketone bodies as vital metabolic and signaling mediators when carbohydrates are abundant. Complementing a repertoire of known therapeutic options for diseases of the nervous system, prospective roles for ketone bodies in cancer have arisen, as have intriguing protective roles in heart and liver, opening therapeutic options in obesity-related and cardiovascular disease. Controversies in ketone metabolism and signaling are discussed to reconcile classical dogma with contemporary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Puchalska
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
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122
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Vernekar M, Amarapurkar D, Joshi K, Singhal R. Gene polymorphisms of desaturase enzymes of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and adiponutrin and the increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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123
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Yan J, Wang C, Jin Y, Meng Q, Liu Q, Liu Z, Liu K, Sun H. Catalpol prevents alteration of cholesterol homeostasis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress and NOX4 over-expression. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalpol has protective effects against hepatic lipid accumulation and alteration of cholesterol homeostasis in HFD- and PA-induced NAFLDviainhibiting ER stress and NOX4 over-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiting Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
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Pan Q, Chen MM, Zhang RN, Wang YQ, Zheng RD, Mi YQ, Liu WB, Shen F, Su Q, Fan JG. PNPLA3 rs1010023 Predisposes Chronic Hepatitis B to Hepatic Steatosis but Improves Insulin Resistance and Glucose Metabolism. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:4740124. [PMID: 28695131 PMCID: PMC5488317 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4740124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PNPLA3 polymorphisms serve as the genetic basis of hepatic steatosis in normal population and lead to dysregulated glucose metabolism. Whether it underlies the hepatic steatosis and glucose homeostasis in chronic hepatitis B patients remains uncertain. Here, we investigated the PNPLA3 polymorphisms in biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis B patients with (CHB+HS group, n = 52) or without hepatic steatosis (CHB group, n = 47) and non-CHB subjects with (HS group, n = 37) or without hepatic steatosis (normal group, n = 45). When compared to the TT genotype, C-allele at PNPLA3 rs1010023 (CC and TC genotypes) conferred higher risk to hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis B patients (odds ratio (OR) = 1.768, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.027-3.105; P = 0.045) independent of age, gender, and body mass index. In contrast to their role in hepatic steatosis, CC and TC genotypes of PNPLA3 rs1010023 were correlated to significant improvement of homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR) as compared to TT genotype in the CHB+HS group. Downregulated fasting blood glucose also characterized the CHB+HS patients with C-allele at PNPLA3 rs1010023 (CC/TC versus TT: 4.81 ± 0.92 mmol/L versus 5.86 ± 2.11 mmol/L, P = 0.02). These findings suggest that PNPLA3 rs1010023 may predispose chronic hepatitis B patients to hepatic steatosis but protects them from glucose dysregulation by attenuating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mei-Mei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rui-Nan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu-Qin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rui-Dan Zheng
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Liver Diseases, Zhengxing Hospital, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province 363000, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Mi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin Infectious Disease Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Wu-Jiao-Chang Community Health Center, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Digestion and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
- *Jian-Gao Fan:
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125
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Tanaka S, Hikita H, Tatsumi T, Sakamori R, Nozaki Y, Sakane S, Shiode Y, Nakabori T, Saito Y, Hiramatsu N, Tabata K, Kawabata T, Hamasaki M, Eguchi H, Nagano H, Yoshimori T, Takehara T. Rubicon inhibits autophagy and accelerates hepatocyte apoptosis and lipid accumulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Hepatology 2016; 64:1994-2014. [PMID: 27637015 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. It encompasses a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to fatty liver with hepatocellular injury, termed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Recent studies have demonstrated hepatic autophagy being impaired in NAFLD. In the present study, we investigated the impact of Rubicon, a Beclin1-interacting negative regulator for autophagosome-lysosome fusion, in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In HepG2 cells, BNL-CL2 cells, and murine primary hepatocytes, Rubicon was posttranscriptionally up-regulated by supplementation with saturated fatty acid palmitate. Up-regulation of Rubicon was associated with suppression of the late stage of autophagy, as evidenced by accumulation of both LC3-II and p62 expression levels as well as decreased autophagy flux. Its blockade by small interfering RNA attenuated autophagy impairment and reduced palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and lipid accumulation. Rubicon was also up-regulated in association with autophagy impairment in livers of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Hepatocyte-specific Rubicon knockout mice generated by crossing Rubicon floxed mice with albumin-Cre transgenic mice did not produce any phenotypes on a normal diet. In contrast, on an HFD, they displayed significant improvement of both liver steatosis and injury as well as attenuation of both endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy impairment in the liver. In humans, liver tissues obtained from patients with NAFLD expressed significantly higher levels of Rubicon than those without steatosis. CONCLUSION Rubicon is overexpressed and plays a pathogenic role in NAFLD by accelerating hepatocellular lipoapoptosis and lipid accumulation, as well as inhibiting autophagy. Rubicon may be a novel therapeutic target for regulating NAFLD development and progression. (Hepatology 2016;64:1994-2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Hikita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tatsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Nozaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sadatsugu Sakane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuto Shiode
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tasuku Nakabori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Hiramatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tabata
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawabata
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maho Hamasaki
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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126
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Kamfar S, Alavian SM, Houshmand M, Yadegarazari R, Seifi Zarei B, Khalaj A, Shabab N, Saidijam M. Liver Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Deletion Levels May Contribute to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Susceptibility. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e40774. [PMID: 28123441 PMCID: PMC5237470 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.40774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that deficiencies observed in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) functions could play an important role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We hypothesized that genetic variations in mtDNA could affect the mitochondrial function and contribute to the NAFLD susceptibility. OBJECTIVES In this study, the possible association of the mtDNA copy number and 4,977-bp deletion levels with NAFLD susceptibility in a sample of Iranian population was evaluated. METHODS This case-control study included 43 NAFLD patients and 20 control subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from fresh liver tissue samples by using a DNA isolation kit. The mtDNA copy number and mtDNA deletion levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and multiplex PCR. RESULTS The relative expression of mtDNA copy number was 3.7 fold higher in NAFLD patients than healthy controls (P < 0.0001). The results remained significant after adjustment for age, BMI, and gender (P = 0.02). In addition, the mtDNA copy number was 4.3 (P < 0.0001) and 3.2-fold (P < 0.0001) higher in nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients than healthy controls, respectively. Finally, the results showed that the 4,977-bp deletion is not detected in any of liver tissue samples obtained from the 20 control subjects whereas 8 out of 43 NAFLD patients (18.6%) showed the 4,977 -bp deletion in their liver tissues (P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated an association between mtDNA content in the liver tissue and NAFLD susceptibility that may be a consequence of compensatory response to the cumulative exposures to oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Kamfar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Massoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Reza Yadegarazari
- Shohada Hospital of Harsin, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Bahram Seifi Zarei
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Khalaj
- Obesity Treatment Center, Department of Surgery, Shahed University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Noshin Shabab
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Massoud Saidijam, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-8138380462, Fax: +98-8138380464, E-mail:
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127
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Kanwar P, Nelson JE, Yates K, Kleiner DE, Unalp-Arida A, Kowdley KV. Association between metabolic syndrome and liver histology among NAFLD patients without diabetes. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2016; 3:e000114. [PMID: 27933201 PMCID: PMC5128831 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2016-000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this observational study was to examine the relationship of MetS and a diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in patients without diabetes in the NASH Clinical Research Network (CRN). METHODS Clinical, demographic, histological, laboratory and anthropometric data were collected on 356 adult patients without diabetes with NAFLD. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥30.0. MetS was determined using the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII) 2001 criteria to include 3 or more of the following: increased waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension and elevated fasting blood glucose. RESULTS Most patients were obese (71%) and had MetS (67%). Obesity was more prevalent among patients with MetS (80% vs 52%; p≤0.001). Markers of insulin resistance such as homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (6.5 vs 4.9, p≤0.001) were higher among those with MetS compared with those without MetS. Histologically, patients without MetS had higher hepatocellular (p=0.04) and reticuloendothelial system iron (p=0.04). Patients with MetS were more likely to have severe hepatic steatosis (p=0.04) and chronic portal inflammation (p=0.01). On multiple logistic regression analysis, patients with definite NASH were almost 2.5 times more likely to have MetS than those without definite NASH (OR=2.41, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS MetS is common in patients without diabetes with NAFLD and is associated with greater insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and portal inflammation. While patients without MetS have greater iron overload, patients with MetS may have an increased propensity to have NASH. Therefore, presence of MetS in patients without diabetes with NAFLD may serve as a potential criterion for liver biopsy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00063622; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpjeet Kanwar
- New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA; Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Aynur Unalp-Arida
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kris V Kowdley
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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128
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Wijarnpreecha K, Thongprayoon C, Panjawatanan P, Ungprasert P. Short sleep duration and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:1802-1807. [PMID: 27029776 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Several studies have suggested that short sleep duration could be a risk factor for NAFLD. However, results of those reports are inconsistent. This meta-analysis was conducted with an attempt to summarize all available data. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was performed using MEDLINE and EMBASE database. Studies that reported relative risks, odd ratios or hazard ratios comparing the risk of NAFLD among participants who had short sleep duration versus those with longer sleep duration were included. Pooled risk ratios and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. RESULTS Six studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of NAFLD in participants who had short sleep duration was significantly higher than participants with longer sleep duration with pooled risk ratios of 1.19 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.36, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated a small but significantly increased risk of NAFLD among participants who had short sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, USA
| | - Charat Thongprayoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, USA
| | | | - Patompong Ungprasert
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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129
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Luger M, Kruschitz R, Kienbacher C, Traussnigg S, Langer FB, Schindler K, Würger T, Wrba F, Trauner M, Prager G, Ludvik B. Prevalence of Liver Fibrosis and its Association with Non-invasive Fibrosis and Metabolic Markers in Morbidly Obese Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency. Obes Surg 2016; 26:2425-32. [PMID: 26989059 PMCID: PMC5018030 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidly obese patients are at risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive variant of NAFLD and can advance to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. We aimed to examine prevalence of liver fibrosis and its non-invasive predictors in bariatric patients with VDD (<75 nmol/l). METHODS Baseline liver biopsy of a randomized controlled trial was performed in 46 patients with omega loop gastric bypass. Clinical, laboratory, and histological data were examined and tested with univariate and multivariable analysis. RESULTS In total, 80 % were females, aged 42 (SD 13) years with BMI 44 (4) kg/m(2). Twenty-six percent had diabetes mellitus (DM) and 44 % metabolic syndrome (MeS). Seventy-two percent had NASH, 11 % simple steatosis, and 17 % normal liver. In total, 30 % demonstrated significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2) with 9 % of advanced (F3) and 4 % cirrhosis (F4). Increased stages of fibrosis were primarily associated with higher levels of HOMA2-insulin resistance (IR), procollagen type I propeptide (P1NP), lower osteocalcin, albumin-corrected calcium, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, male sex, and higher age. Other independent risk factors for advanced fibrosis were MeS (OR = 9.3 [0.99-87.5], p = 0.052) and DM (OR = 12.8 [1.2-137.4], p = 0.035). The fibrosis FIB-4 index <10.62 and NAFLD fibrosis score <-26.93 had a negative predictive value of 100 and 96 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Liver fibrosis is frequent in morbidly obese patients with concurrent DM and/or MeS. Increased serum levels of IR, P1NP, lower osteocalcin, and VDD are clinically relevant predictors of fibrosis. Consequently, we suggest that patients with preoperative presence of these markers are at increased risk for liver fibrosis and should be monitored closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology And Nutrition - SIPCAN save your life, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Renate Kruschitz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Kienbacher
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Traussnigg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix B Langer
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Schindler
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Würger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Wrba
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Prager
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Ludvik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- 1st Department of Medicine and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
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130
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Karagozian R, Bhardwaj G, Wakefield DB, Baffy G. Obesity paradox in advanced liver disease: obesity is associated with lower mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Liver Int 2016; 36:1450-6. [PMID: 27037497 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To investigate how obesity impacts inpatient mortality, length of stay (LOS) and costs in patients with cirrhosis. Obesity is a growing epidemic associated with multiple co-morbidities, increased morbidity, and a significant economic burden on healthcare. Despite the overall harmful impact of obesity, the 'obesity paradox' has been described as decreased mortality among obese vs non-obese patients in various chronic medical conditions. METHODS Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for 2012, which contains data from 44 states and 4378 hospitals. Data from all cases with primary, secondary or tertiary discharge diagnosis of cirrhosis identified by International Classification of Diseases-9 code 571.2, 571.5 571.6 were included. Primary outcomes included inpatient mortality, LOS, and hospital charges. Obesity as a predictor of mortality was defined by a predetermined obesity co-morbidity variable. RESULTS A total of 32,605 patients were included. Crude mortality was lower for obese cirrhotic patients (2.7% vs 3.5%, P = 0.02) than for non-obese cirrhotic patients. In contrast, median LOS was longer (4 vs 3 days, P < 0.001) and median hospital charges were higher for obese cirrhotic patients ($26 803 vs $23 447, P < 0.001) In multivariate logistic regression, obesity was associated with a lower risk of inpatient mortality (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.55-0.95, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In the acute care setting, obese patients with cirrhosis have lower mortality than non-obese patients with cirrhosis, longer hospitalizations and higher healthcare cost, providing new evidence for the obesity paradox in cirrhosis. Obese cirrhotic patients are more likely to have enhanced nutritional reserve which may play a role in survival during acute illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffi Karagozian
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Gaurav Bhardwaj
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Dorothy B Wakefield
- Center for Public Health and Health Policy, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Gyorgy Baffy
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hinds TD, Adeosun SO, Alamodi AA, Stec DE. Does bilirubin prevent hepatic steatosis through activation of the PPARα nuclear receptor? Med Hypotheses 2016; 95:54-57. [PMID: 27692168 PMCID: PMC5433619 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several large population studies have demonstrated a negative correlation between serum bilirubin levels and the development of obesity, hepatic steatosis, and cardiovascular disease. Despite the strong correlative data demonstrating the protective role of bilirubin, the mechanism by which bilirubin can protect against these pathologies remains unknown. Bilirubin has long been known as a powerful antioxidant and also has anti-inflammatory actions, each of which may contribute to the protection afforded by increased levels. We have recently described a novel function of bilirubin as a ligand for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), which we show specifically binds to the nuclear receptor. Bilirubin may function as a selective PPAR modulator (SPPARM) to control lipid accumulation and blood glucose. However, it is not known to what degree bilirubin activation of PPARα is responsible for the protection afforded to reduce hepatic steatosis. We hypothesize that bilirubin, acting as a novel SPPARM, increases hepatic fatty acid metabolism through a PPARα-dependent mechanism which reduces hepatic lipid accumulation and protects against hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry D Hinds
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Samuel O Adeosun
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Abdulhadi A Alamodi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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132
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Swain M, Nath P, Parida PK, Narayan J, Padhi PK, Pati GK, Singh A, Misra B, Misra D, Kar SK, Panigrahi MK, Meher C, Agrawal O, Rout N, Pattnaik K, Bhuyan P, Mishra PK, Singh SP. Biochemical Profile of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients in Eastern India with Histopathological Correlation. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016; 32:306-314. [PMID: 28811690 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aminotransferase assay is often used as a screening test as well as an endpoint for resolution of disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship of transaminase level with metabolic variables and histology in NAFLD. Single center observational study was conducted in a gastroenterology clinic at Cuttack in coastal Odisha. Subjects were consecutive patients presenting with functional bowel disease and undergoing abdominal sonography. All participants were evaluated for the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS), insulin resistance, liver function test and lipid profile. Various parameters were compared between NAFLD subjects and controls. 53.5 % of NAFLD had normal serum transaminases, whereas 20.8 % of healthy controls had transaminitis. NAFLD patients had significantly higher BMI, fasting plasma glucose, serum transaminases, serum triglycerides, serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) IR than controls. NAFLD patients who had transaminitis had significantly higher incidence of MS and higher mean HOMA IR than those without. There was no significant difference in histopathological features between NAFLD with and without transaminitis. To conclude, over half of NAFLD subjects do not have transaminitis while transaminitis is present in a fifth of healthy people without fatty liver. Hence serum transaminase should not be used as screening test for NAFLD. NAFLD patients with transaminitis had a higher incidence of MS and insulin resistance than those without. However, there was no significant difference in histopathological features between these two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manorama Swain
- Department of Biochemistry, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha 753007 India
| | - Preetam Nath
- Department of Gastroenterology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha 753007 India
| | - Prasant Kumar Parida
- Department of Gastroenterology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha 753007 India
| | - Jimmy Narayan
- Department of Gastroenterology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha 753007 India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Padhi
- Department of Gastroenterology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha 753007 India
| | - Girish Kumar Pati
- Department of Gastroenterology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha 753007 India
| | - Ayaskanta Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Bijay Misra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastro and Kidney Care, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Debasis Misra
- Department of Gastroenterology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Sanjib Kumar Kar
- Department of Gastroenterology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha 753007 India
| | | | - Chudamani Meher
- Department of Radiology, Beam Diagnostics Centre, Bajrakabati Road, Cuttack, 753001 India
| | - Omprakash Agrawal
- Department of Radiology, Beam Diagnostics Centre, Bajrakabati Road, Cuttack, 753001 India
| | - Niranjan Rout
- Department of Oncopathology, Acharya Harihara Regional Cancer Center, Cuttack, Odisha 753007 India
| | - Kaumudee Pattnaik
- Department of Pathology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha 753007 India
| | - Pallavi Bhuyan
- Department of Pathology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha 753007 India
| | - Pramila Kumari Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, M.K.C.G. Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha 760004 India
| | - Shivaram Prasad Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha 753007 India
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Natural History of Patients Presenting with Autoimmune Hepatitis and Coincident Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2710-20. [PMID: 27262844 PMCID: PMC6357773 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the increase of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population, a similar rise might be expected in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients. AIMS We sought to determine the clinical outcome of patients with coincident AIH and NAFLD. METHODS We identified all intradepartmental AIH cases, and those meeting study criteria were placed into one of three cohorts: AIH only, AIH and simple steatosis (SS), and AIH and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The following outcome and clinical data were analyzed: incidence of all-cause mortality, incidence of liver-related mortality, incidence of liver-related adverse outcomes, and prevalence of cirrhosis at index biopsy. RESULTS Out of a total 73 study patients, 14 % classified as AIH with SS and 16 % as AIH and NASH. Fifty percent of AIH and NASH patients had cirrhosis at index biopsy as compared to 18 % of AIH-only patients (p = 0.032). Patients with AIH and NASH had a relative risk of 7.65 (95 % CI 1.43-40.8) for liver-related mortality and 2.55 (95 % CI 0.92-7.09) for liver-related adverse outcomes, as compared to the AIH-only cohort. No significant difference in outcome measures existed in comparing (AIH only) with (AIH and SS) cohorts. DISCUSSION Patients with coincident AIH and NASH were more likely to present with cirrhosis and more likely to develop adverse clinical outcome with decreased survival as compared to AIH-only patients. These findings suggest that simultaneous exposure confers a clinically significant increased risk, which may warrant closer follow-up and surveillance.
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134
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Perilla Oil Supplementation Ameliorates High-Fat/High-Cholesterol Diet Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats via Enhanced Fecal Cholesterol and Bile Acid Excretion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2384561. [PMID: 27642591 PMCID: PMC5013210 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2384561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental studies and clinical trials have shown that hepatic cholesterol metabolic disorders are closely related to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The main goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the perilla oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) against NASH and gain a deep insight into its potential mechanisms. Rats were fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet (HFD) supplement with perilla oil (POH) for 16 weeks. Routine blood biochemical tests and histological staining illustrated that the perilla oil administration improved HFD-induced hyperlipidemia, reduced hepatic steatosis, and inhibited hepatic inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis. Perilla oil also increased fecal bile acid and cholesterol excretion. Hepatic RNA-Seq analysis found that the long time perilla oil supplement notably modified the gene expression involved in cholesterol metabolism. Our results implicate that, after long-term high level dietary cholesterol feeding, rat liver endogenous synthesis of cholesterol and cholesterol-rich low density lipoprotein uptake was significantly inhibited, and perilla oil did not modulate expression of genes responsible for cholesterol synthesis but did increase cholesterol removed from hepatocytes by conversion to bile acids and increased fecal cholesterol excretion.
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135
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Xue H, Chen D, Zhong Y, Zhou Z, Fang S, Li M, Guo C. Deferoxamine ameliorates hepatosteatosis via several mechanisms in
ob/ob
mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1375:52-65. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Xue
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Di Chen
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Ke Zhong
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Zhen‐Diao Zhou
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Xin Fang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Yao Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang P. R. China
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136
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Mapping liver fat female-dependent quantitative trait loci in collaborative cross mice. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:565-573. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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137
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Portal Hypertension Complications Are Frequently the First Presentation of NAFLD in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation Evaluation. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2102-7. [PMID: 26993824 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is likely to replace Hepatitis C as the leading cause of cirrhosis resulting in liver transplantation (LT) within a few years. Unfortunately, due to the lack of established guidelines for the screening of NAFLD in high-risk populations, many patients present with portal hypertension complications as their first manifestation of NAFLD require a LT evaluation. We aimed to investigate what proportion of patients who underwent LT for NAFLD-cirrhosis had knowledge of their liver disease prior to presenting with portal hypertension complications and to identify differences in clinical parameters between those with and without knowledge of preexisting NAFLD. METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent LT for NAFLD-cirrhosis at a tertiary referral center were included in the study. Demographic and clinical data at the time of the first LT evaluation visit were collected, and patient knowledge of previous NAFLD was documented. Ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, and thrombocytopenia leading to diagnosis of underlying cirrhosis were considered as the presenting symptoms of portal hypertension. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 124 subjects who received LT for NAFLD-cirrhosis were included, 58 % (n = 72) were male. At the time of the first LT evaluation visit, 60 % had diabetes, the mean body mass index was 33.2 [28.6, 37.6] kg/m(2), and the mean Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was 14.0 [11.0, 19.0]. More importantly, 85/124 patients (68.5 %) had no knowledge of preexisting NAFLD prior to presentation with symptoms of portal hypertension. The presenting symptoms were new-onset ascites in 61 %, hepatic encephalopathy in 25 %, variceal bleeding in 18 %, thrombocytopenia in 9 %, and other in 9 % (non-exclusive). Patients with no prior knowledge of NAFLD were less likely to have a diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia (30 vs. 50 %, p = 0.035) and had a trend toward having higher MELD scores at the time of the first LT evaluation visit (15 vs. 13.5, p = 0.05) and presenting with encephalopathy (25 vs. 10 %, p = 0.06) compared to those with previous knowledge of NAFLD diagnosis. CONCLUSION The majority of patients undergoing liver transplant evaluation for NAFLD-cirrhosis are not aware of underlying NAFLD until they present with features of portal hypertension. New guidelines should consider screening for NAFLD in certain high-risk groups as more effective treatments for NAFLD are emerging.
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Piña-Zentella RM, Rosado JL, Gallegos-Corona MA, Madrigal-Pérez LA, García OP, Ramos-Gomez M. Lycopene Improves Diet-Mediated Recuperation in Rat Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Med Food 2016; 19:607-14. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge L. Rosado
- School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Gallegos-Corona
- Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto Madrigal-Pérez
- Research and Graduate Studies in the Department of Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Olga P. García
- School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Minerva Ramos-Gomez
- Research and Graduate Studies in the Department of Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
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European Obesity Summit (EOS) - Joint Congress of EASOand IFSO-EC, Gothenburg, Sweden, June 1 - 4, 2016: Abstracts. Obes Facts 2016; 9 Suppl 1:1-376. [PMID: 27238363 PMCID: PMC5672850 DOI: 10.1159/000446744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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140
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Thyfault JP, Wright DC. "Weighing" the effects of exercise and intrinsic aerobic capacity: are there beneficial effects independent of changes in weight? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:911-6. [PMID: 27512815 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been known for centuries that regularly performed exercise has beneficial effects on metabolic health. Owing to its central role in locomotion and the fact that it accounts for a large majority of whole-body glucose disposal and fatty acid oxidation, the effects of exercise on skeletal muscle has been a central focus in exercise physiology research. With this being said it is becoming increasingly well recognized that both adipose tissue and liver metabolism are robustly modified by exercise, especially in conditions of obesity and insulin resistance. One of the difficult questions to address is if the effects of exercise are direct or occur secondary to exercise-induced weight loss. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent work that has attempted to tease out the protective effects of exercise, or intrinsic aerobic capacity, against metabolic and inflammatory challenges as it relates to the treatment and prevention of obesity and insulin resistance. Recent studies reporting improvements in liver and adipose tissue insulin action following a single bout of exercise will also be discussed. The research highlighted in this review sheds new insight into protective, anti-inflammatory effects of exercise that occur largely independent of changes in adiposity and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Thyfault
- a Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2067 Hemenway Life Sciences and Innovation Center, MS:3043, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas, KS 66160, USA.,b Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| | - David C Wright
- c Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Room 343 Animal Sciences Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Fedry J, Blais A, Even PC, Piedcoq J, Fromentin G, Gaudichon C, Azzout-Marniche D, Tomé D. Urinary metabolic profile predicts high-fat diet sensitivity in the C57Bl6/J mouse. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 31:88-97. [PMID: 27133427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To prevent the development of adiposity-associated metabolic diseases, early biomarkers are needed. Such markers could bring insight to understand the complexity of susceptibility to obesity. Urine and plasma metabolomics fingerprints have been successfully associated with metabolic dysfunctions. Fat resistance (FR) was found to be associated with higher urinary levels of acylglycines and leucine. However, no differences were observed before the diet switch. In this context, we aimed at characterizing metabolic signatures predictive of resistance or sensitivity to fat in the C57Bl6/J mouse model. Urinary metabolic profiles of FR (n=15) and fat sensitivity (FS) mice (n=14) were performed on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Urinary and plasma metabolic profiles were first collected at baseline (during low-fat diet), then after 10weeks of high-fat (HF) feeding. Mice were sorted a posteriori into FS and FR based on their final adiposity. After HF feeding for 10weeks, FS mice tended to have lower plasma levels of β-hydroxybutyrate than FR ones. Urinary metabolic profiles showed that baseline levels of octanoylglycine, leucine and valine were significantly lower in FS mice. Moreover, expressions in the adipose tissue of Baat and Glyat mRNA were lower in FS than in FR mice. In muscle, mRNA encoding CaD and UbE2b tended to be lower in FS mice than in FR mice (P=.056 and P=.071, respectively). The data show that lower levels of urinary octanoylglycine, leucine and valine are potential predictive biomarkers of FS and could be related to a lower stimulation in adipose acyl-coenzyme A conjugation to glycine and to muscle protein breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Fedry
- UMR PNCA Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Anne Blais
- UMR PNCA Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Patrick C Even
- UMR PNCA Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Julien Piedcoq
- UMR PNCA Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Fromentin
- UMR PNCA Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- UMR PNCA Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Dalila Azzout-Marniche
- UMR PNCA Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR PNCA Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
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142
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Panhypopituitarism due to Absence of the Pituitary Stalk: A Rare Aetiology of Liver Cirrhosis. Case Rep Endocrinol 2016; 2016:9071097. [PMID: 27213061 PMCID: PMC4860241 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9071097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have established a relationship between hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction and the onset of liver damage, which may occasionally progress to cirrhosis. Patients with hypopituitarism can develop a metabolic syndrome-like phenotype. Insulin resistance is the main pathophysiological axis of metabolic syndrome and is the causal factor in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We present the case of a young patient with liver cirrhosis of unknown aetiology that was finally attributed to panhypopituitarism.
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143
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Hersoug LG, Møller P, Loft S. Gut microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharide uptake and trafficking to adipose tissue: implications for inflammation and obesity. Obes Rev 2016; 17:297-312. [PMID: 26712364 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiota and excessive ingestion of high-fat diets (HFD) are considered to be important factors for development of obesity. In this review we describe a coherent mechanism of action for the development of obesity, which involves the composition of gut microbiota, HFD, low-grade inflammation, expression of fat translocase and scavenger receptor CD36, and the scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-BI). SR-BI binds to both lipids and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria, which may promote incorporation of LPS in chylomicrons (CMs). These CMs are transported via lymph to the circulation, where LPS is transferred to other lipoproteins by translocases, preferentially to HDL. LPS increases the SR-BI binding, transcytosis of lipoproteins over the endothelial barrier,and endocytosis in adipocytes. Especially large size adipocytes with high metabolic activity absorb LPS-rich lipoproteins. In addition, macrophages in adipose tissue internalize LPS-lipoproteins. This may contribute to the polarization from M2 to M1 phenotype, which is a consequence of increased LPS delivery into the tissue during hypertrophy. In conclusion, evidence suggests that LPS is involved in the development of obesity as a direct targeting molecule for lipid delivery and storage in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-G Hersoug
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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144
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Byrd KK, Mehal JM, Schillie SF, Holman RC, Haberling D, Murphy T. Chronic Liver Disease-Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults with Diabetes, National Inpatient Sample, 2001-2012. Public Health Rep 2016; 130:693-703. [PMID: 26556941 DOI: 10.1177/003335491513000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many people with diabetes have a variety of diabetes-related complications. Among the variety of conditions associated with diabetes, however, liver diseases are less well recognized. As such, we aimed to describe chronic liver disease (CLD)-associated hospitalization rates among U.S. adults with diabetes from 2001-2012. METHODS We used a nationally representative database of hospitalizations, the National Inpatient Sample, to determine CLD-associated hospitalization rates among U.S. adults aged ≥ 18 years with and without diabetes, from 2001-2012. Hospitalizations listing an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code for CLD on the discharge record were selected for analysis and were further classified by diabetes status based on concurrent presence of a diabetes ICD-9-CM code. We calculated average annual age-adjusted hospitalization rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and conducted a test for trend. RESULTS For 2001-2012, the total age-adjusted CLD-associated hospitalization rate among adults with diabetes (1,680.9 per 100,000 population; 95% CI 1,577.2, 1,784.6) was approximately four times the rate of adults without diabetes (424.2 per 100,000 population; 95% CI 413.4, 435.1). Total age-adjusted hospitalization rates of adults with and without diabetes increased 59% and 48%, respectively, from 2001-2002 to 2011-2012 (p<0.001). Hepatitis C- and chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis-associated hospitalizations comprised the largest proportion of total CLD-associated hospitalizations among adults with and without diabetes. CONCLUSION Providers should be aware of the potential existence of CLD among adults with diabetes and counsel patients on preventive methods to avoid progressive liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy K Byrd
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA ; Current affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jason M Mehal
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sarah F Schillie
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA
| | - Robert C Holman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Dana Haberling
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Trudy Murphy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA
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Li YH, Choi DH, Lee EH, Seo SR, Lee S, Cho EH. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) Regulates α-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA) Production through the Succinate Dehydrogenase-G Protein-coupled Receptor 91 (GPR91) Pathway in Hepatic Stellate Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10277-92. [PMID: 26912655 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.692244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is an NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase. Recent studies have shown that SIRT3 expression is decreased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Moreover, SIRT3 is a key regulator of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), which catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate. Increased succinate concentrations and the specific G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91) are involved in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In this study, we aimed to establish whether SIRT3 regulated the SDH activity, succinate, and GPR91 expression in HSCs and an animal model of NAFLD. Our goal was also to determine whether succinate released from hepatocytes regulated HSC activation. Inhibiting SIRT3 using SIRT3 siRNA exacerbated HSC activation via the SDH-succinate-GPR91 pathway, and SIRT3 overexpression or honokiol treatment attenuated HSC activation in vitro In isolated liver and HSCs from methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NAFLD, the expression of SIRT3 and SDH activity was decreased, and the succinate concentrations and GPR91 expression were increased. Moreover, we found that GPR91 knockdown or resveratrol treatment improved the steatosis in MCD diet-fed mice. This investigation revealed a novel mechanism of the SIRT3-SDH-GPR91 cascade in MCD diet-induced HSC activation in NAFLD. These findings highlight the biological significance of novel strategies aimed at targeting SIRT3 and GPR91 in HSCs with the goal of improving NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hui Li
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | | | - Eun Hye Lee
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Su Ryeon Seo
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | | | - Eun-Hee Cho
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and
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146
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Majdoubi A, Kishta OA, Thibodeau J. Role of antigen presentation in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in obese adipose tissue. Cytokine 2016; 82:112-21. [PMID: 26854212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type II diabetes regroups different physiological anomalies that ultimately lead to low-grade chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and loss of pancreatic β-cells. Obesity is one of the best examples of such a condition that can develop into Metabolic Syndrome, causing serious health problems of great socio-economic consequences. The pathological outcome of obesity has a genetic basis and depends on the delicate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory effectors of the immune system. The causal link between obesity and inflammation is well established. While innate immunity plays a key role in the development of a pro-inflammatory state in obese adipose tissues, it has now become clear that adaptive immune cells are also involved and participate in the cascade of events that lead to metabolic perturbations. The efficacy of some immunotherapeutic protocols in reducing the symptoms of obesity-driven metabolic syndrome in mice implicated all arms of the immune response. Recently, the production of pathogenic immunoglobulins and pro-inflammatory cytokines by B and T lymphocytes suggested an auto-immune basis for the establishment of a non-healthy obese state. Understanding the cellular landscape of obese adipose tissues and how immune cells sustain chronic inflammation holds the key to the development of targeted therapies. In this review, we emphasize the role of antigen-presenting cells and MHC molecules in obese adipose tissue and the general contribution of the adaptive arm of the immune system in inflammation-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelilah Majdoubi
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Osama A Kishta
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Thibodeau
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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147
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Mwangi SM, Peng S, Nezami BG, Thorn N, Farris AB, Jain S, Laroui H, Merlin D, Anania F, Srinivasan S. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor protects against high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by suppressing hepatic PPAR-γ expression. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G103-16. [PMID: 26564715 PMCID: PMC4719063 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00196.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protects against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in mice, however, the mechanisms involved are not known. In this study we investigated the effects of GDNF overexpression and nanoparticle delivery of GDNF in mice on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis and the expression of genes involved in the regulation of hepatic lipid uptake and de novo lipogenesis. Transgenic overexpression of GDNF in liver and other metabolically active tissues was protective against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. Mice overexpressing GDNF had significantly reduced P62/sequestosome 1 protein levels suggestive of accelerated autophagic clearance. They also had significantly reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and CD36 gene expression and protein levels, and lower expression of mRNA coding for enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis. GDNF-loaded nanoparticles were protective against short-term HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and attenuated liver fibrosis in mice with long-standing HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. They also suppressed the liver expression of steatosis-associated genes. In vitro, GDNF suppressed triglyceride accumulation in Hep G2 cells through enhanced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling and inhibition of PPAR-γ gene promoter activity. These results show that GDNF acts directly in the liver to protect against HFD-induced cellular stress and that GDNF may have a role in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Musyoka Mwangi
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; ,2Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia;
| | - Sophia Peng
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia;
| | - Behtash Ghazi Nezami
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; ,2Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia;
| | - Natalie Thorn
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; ,2Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia;
| | - Alton B. Farris
- 3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;
| | - Sanjay Jain
- 5Internal Medicine (Renal Division), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hamed Laroui
- 4Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Didier Merlin
- 2Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia; ,4Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Frank Anania
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; ,2Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia;
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia;
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148
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Itaya S, Matsui T, Kamiyama T, Yoshino H. [Evaluation of Fat Quantification in the Liver Using Dual Energy CT]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2016; 72:1084-1090. [PMID: 27867167 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2016_jsrt_72.11.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recently, the number of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing, and some of them progresses to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Dual energy CT allows the discrimination of substance using monochromatic image (MI), and steatosis exhibit specifically the CT value of each energy level. The purpose is to evaluate the fat quantification in the liver using spectral HU curve and CT value compare to a conventional image diagnosis. METHODS Dual energy CT and liver biopsy were performed in 54 patients between October 2014 and April 2016. The CT value of 40 keV MI was measured by spectral HU curve setting 3 points ROI on the right and left liver. The CT value of 40 keV MI was compared with steatosis area and the NAFLD activity score (NAS). Additionally, steatosis area was compared with the conventional CT value scan and hepatorenal echo contrast value. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The CT value of 40 keV MI exhibited a negative correlation for the stenosis area (R2=0.619), and NAS (R2=0.147). Steatosis area exhibited correlation for the conventional CT value (R2=0.407), and hepatorenal echo contrast (R2=0.135). This study suggests that the evaluation of the fat quantification in the liver using the spectral HU curve and CT value improved in comparison to the conventional image diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Itaya
- Department of Medical Radiation Technology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital
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149
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Wang N, Zhai H, Zhu C, Li Q, Han B, Chen Y, Zhu C, Chen Y, Xia F, Lin D, Lu Y. Combined Association of Vitamin D and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Men and Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2621. [PMID: 26825918 PMCID: PMC5291588 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the combined associations of 25(OH)-vitamin D and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in men and postmenopausal women. Our data, which were based on the population, were collected from 16 sites in East China in 2014. There were 2700 men with a mean age of 53 years and 1461 women over 55 who were considered postmenopausal enrolled in the study. Levels of 25(OH)D and SHBG were measured using chemiluminescence assay. NAFLD was measured using liver ultrasound. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models examined associations of 25(OH)D and SHBG tertiles with odds of mild and moderate-severe NAFLD. Both the low 25(OH)D and low SHBG groups were significantly associated with higher odds of mild NAFLD (men: OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.05, 1.78 in low 25(OH)D group; OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.23, 2.45 in low SHBG group; women: OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08, 2.12 in low 25(OH)D group; OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.48, 3.14 in low SHBG group) and moderate-severe NAFLD (men: OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.24, 2.10 in low 25(OH)D group; OR 3.42, 95% CI 2.41, 4.87 in low SHBG group; women: OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.14, 2.42 in low 25(OH)D group; OR 6.84, 95% CI 4.31, 10.84 in low SHBG group). However, the combined association of low 25(OH)D and low SHBG was much larger, especially in moderate-severe NAFLD (men: OR 6.57, 95% CI 3.87, 11.18; women: OR 8.16, 95% CI 3.98, 16.73). The associations were independent of age, total testosterone, abdominal obesity, diabetes, and lipid profile. The negative associations of 25(OH)D and SHBG levels with NAFLD are strongest when viewed in combination in men and postmenopausal women. Further studies should determine the cause-effect relationship and investigate the underlying mechanisms of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjian Wang
- From the Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (NW, HZ, QL, BH, YC, CZ, YC, FX, DL, YL); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China (CZ)
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150
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Hosick PA, AlAmodi AA, Hankins MW, Stec DE. Chronic treatment with a carbon monoxide releasing molecule reverses dietary induced obesity in mice. Adipocyte 2016; 5:1-10. [PMID: 27144091 PMCID: PMC4836479 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1038443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic, low level treatment with a carbon monoxide releasing molecule (CO-RM), CORM-A1, has been shown to prevent the development of obesity in response to a high fat diet. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that chronic, low level treatment with this CO-RM can reverse established obesity via a mechanism independent of food intake. Dietary induced obese mice were treated with CORM-A1, the inactive compound iCORM-A1, or saline every 48 hours for 30 weeks while maintained on a high fat (60%) diet. Chronic treatment with CORM-A1 resulted in a 33% decrease from initial body weight over the 30 week treatment period while treatment with iCORM and saline were associated with 18 and 25% gain in initial body weight over the same time frame. Chronic treatment with CORM-A1 did not affect food intake or activity but resulted in a significant increase in metabolism. CORM-A1 treatment also resulted in lower fasting blood glucose, improvement in insulin sensitivity and decreased heptatic steatosis. Chronic treatment with CO releasing molecules can reverse dietary induced obesity and normalize insulin resistance independent of changes in food intake or activity. These findings are likely though a mechanism which increases metabolism.
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