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Yook JS, Cho JY. Treadmill exercise ameliorates the regulation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle of NSE/PS2mtransgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2017; 21:40-47. [PMID: 28712264 PMCID: PMC5508058 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2017.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is classified as a progressive neurological disorder, which not only causes cognitive impairment but also abnormal weight loss, with a reduction of muscle mass related to the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in skeletal muscle. Thus, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise on Aβ deposition, and p-AMPK, p-ACC, BDNF, and GLUT4 protein levels the regulation of muscle energy metabolism using an AD mouse. [Methods] At 13 months of age, NSE/PS2m mice (Tg) and control mice (non-Tg) were assigned to non-exercise control (Con) and exercise groups (Exe). The four groups were as follows: non-Tg Con, non-Tg Exe, Tg Con, and Tg Exe. The treadmill exercise was carried out for 12 weeks. [Results] The highest levels of Aβ expression in the skeletal muscle were in the Tg Con group. Aβ expression was significantly reduced in the Tg Exe group, compared to the Tg Con group. Congo red staining showed remarkable diffuse red amyloid deposition in the Tg Con group, while Aβ-deposition in the skeletal was reduced with muscle exercise in the Tg Exe group. Exercise also increased AMPK and ACC phosphorylation and BDNF and GLUT4 expression in the skeletal muscle of non-Tg and Tg mice. [Conclusion] Treadmill exercise reduces Aβ-deposition in the skeletal muscle and improves the regulation of energy metabolism. Thus, collectively, these results suggest that exercise could be a positive therapeutic strategy for skeletal muscle dysfunction in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Soo Yook
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Joon-Yong Cho
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gmiat A, Mieszkowski J, Prusik K, Prusik K, Kortas J, Kochanowicz A, Radulska A, Lipiński M, Tomczyk M, Jaworska J, Antosiewicz J, Ziemann E. Changes in pro-inflammatory markers and leucine concentrations in response to Nordic Walking training combined with vitamin D supplementation in elderly women. Biogerontology 2017; 18:535-548. [PMID: 28316011 PMCID: PMC5514208 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms underpinning age-related decreases in muscle strength and muscle mass relate to chronic inflammation. Physical activity induces an anti-inflammatory effect, but it is modulated by additional factors. We hypothesized that vitamin D, which has also anti-inflammatory activity will modify adaptation to exercise and reduce inflammation in elderly women. Twenty-seven women aged 67 ± 8 years were included and divided into groups with baseline vitamin D concentration more than 20 ng mL−1 (MVD) and less than 20 ng mL−1 (LVD). Both groups performed 1 h Nordic Walking (NW) training combined with vitamin D supplementation for 12 weeks. Serum concentrations of inflammation markers, branched amino acids, vitamin D, muscle strength and balance were assessed at the baseline and three days after intervention. The training caused the significant decrease in concentration of pro-inflammatory proteins HMGB1 (30 ± 156%; 90% CI) and IL-6 (−10 ± 66%; 90% CI) in MVD group. This effects in group MVD were moderate, indicating vitamin D as one of the modifiers of these exercise-induced changes. Rise of myokine irisin induced by exercise correlated inversely with HMGB1 and the correlation was more pronounced at the baseline as well as after training among MVD participants. Although the intervention caused the leucine level to rise, a comparison of the recorded response between groups and the adjusted effect indicated that the effect was 20% lower in the LVD group. Overall the applied training program was effective in reducing HMGB1 concentration. This drop was accompanied by the rise of myokine irisin and better uptake of leucine among women with higher baseline vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gmiat
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J Mieszkowski
- Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - K Prusik
- Department of Recreation and Qualify Tourism, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Prusik
- Department of Recreation and Qualify Tourism, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J Kortas
- Department of Recreation and Qualify Tourism, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A Kochanowicz
- Department of Gymnastics and Dance, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A Radulska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Lipiński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J Jaworska
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - E Ziemann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Cuéllar R, Montero S, Luquín S, García-Estrada J, Melnikov V, Virgen-Ortiz A, Lemus M, Pineda-Lemus M, de Álvarez-Buylla E. BDNF and AMPA receptors in the cNTS modulate the hyperglycemic reflex after local carotid body NaCN stimulation. Auton Neurosci 2017; 205:12-20. [PMID: 28254195 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The application of sodium cyanide (NaCN) to the carotid body receptors (CBR) (CBR stimulation) induces rapid blood hyperglycemia and an increase in brain glucose retention. The commissural nucleus tractus solitarius (cNTS) is an essential relay nucleus in this hyperglycemic reflex; it receives glutamatergic afferents (that also release brain derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF) from the nodose-petrosal ganglia that relays CBR information. Previous work showed that AMPA in NTS blocks hyperglycemia and brain glucose retention after CBR stimulation. In contrast, BDNF, which attenuates glutamatergic AMPA currents in NTS, enhances these glycemic responses. Here we investigated the combined effects of BDNF and AMPA (and their antagonists) in NTS on the glycemic responses to CBR stimulation. Microinjections of BDNF plus AMPA into the cNTS before CBR stimulation in anesthetized rats, induced blood hyperglycemia and an increase in brain arteriovenous (a-v) of blood glucose concentration difference, which we infer is due to increased brain glucose retention. By contrast, the microinjection of the TrkB antagonist K252a plus AMPA abolished the glycemic responses to CBR stimulation similar to what is observed after AMPA pretreatments. In BDNF plus AMPA microinjections preceding CBR stimulation, the number of c-fos immunoreactive cNTS neurons increased. In contrast, in the rats microinjected with K252a plus AMPA in NTS, before CBR stimulation, c-fos expression in cNTS decreased. The expression of AMPA receptors GluR2/3 did not change in any of the studied groups. These results indicate that BDNF in cNTS plays a key role in the modulation of the hyperglycemic reflex initiated by CBR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cuéllar
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Ave. 25 de Julio 965, Colima 28045, Mexico; Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - S Montero
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Ave. 25 de Julio 965, Colima 28045, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Ave. Universidad 333, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - S Luquín
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - J García-Estrada
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; División de Investigación Quirúrgica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - V Melnikov
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Ave. Universidad 333, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - A Virgen-Ortiz
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Ave. 25 de Julio 965, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - M Lemus
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Ave. 25 de Julio 965, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - M Pineda-Lemus
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Ave. Universidad 333, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - E de Álvarez-Buylla
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Ave. 25 de Julio 965, Colima 28045, Mexico.
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Tsutsumimoto K, Makizako H, Doi T, Hotta R, Nakakubo S, Shimada H, Suzuki T. Prospective associations between sedentary behaviour and incident depressive symptoms in older people: a 15-month longitudinal cohort study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 32:193-200. [PMID: 26988851 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether sitting time, as a form of sedentary behaviour, is related to incident depressive symptoms in older people. METHODS This study included 3503 participants (mean age 71.7 years, 50.1% female) from the 'Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly' cohort study. At baseline and then 15 months later, the participants reported their status of depressive symptoms using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. During the baseline assessment, the participants were also asked about their sedentary behaviour on weekdays over the past 7 days and, from there, categorized into three groups (<240, 240-480, ≥480 min/day). Demographic data and the other health behaviours were also assessed at the baseline. RESULTS Cross-sectional analysis revealed that 437 participants (12.0%) had depressive symptoms. In a prospective analysis, the logistic regression model revealed that the odds ratio for depressive symptom incidence was higher in participants who, at baseline, spent 480 min or more per day sitting (1.636; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.015 to 2.636, p = 0.043), and in those who spent 240-480 min (1.605; 95% CI 1.085 to 2.375, p = 0.018) in comparison with those who spent less than 240 min. CONCLUSIONS Sedentary behaviour significantly affects the risk of incident depressive symptoms. Further research is needed to develop an intervention strategy to manage depressive symptoms, as the second most common cause of burden of disease among older adults. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Tsutsumimoto
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryo Hotta
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sho Nakakubo
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Suzuki
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Gerontology, J. F. Oberlin University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
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105
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Zhang Y, Shi J, Li J, Liu R, Yu Y, Xu Y. Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the molecular neurobiology of major depressive disorder. TRANSLATIONAL PERIOPERATIVE AND PAIN MEDICINE 2017; 4:20-30. [PMID: 31595217 PMCID: PMC6782061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders, which affects up to 20% of people in their lifetime in the United States. The exact neurobiological mechanisms of MDD remain elusive, and the diagnostics are still uncertain. Basic and clinical research from recent years demonstrated that the etiology of MDD might be associated with genetic changes of neurotrophins, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF plays a key role in neuronal development and neurogenesis. However, the detailed mechanisms related to depression and antidepressant responses are not fully understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the causal relationship between BDNF and MDD, and describes the important role of BDNF in the progress of depression in animal models and patients with depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jing Shi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renyu Liu
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yingcong Yu
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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106
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Oh KJ, Lee DS, Kim WK, Han BS, Lee SC, Bae KH. Metabolic Adaptation in Obesity and Type II Diabetes: Myokines, Adipokines and Hepatokines. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010008. [PMID: 28025491 PMCID: PMC5297643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type II diabetes are characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. A high caloric intake combined with a sedentary lifestyle is the leading cause of these conditions. Whole-body insulin resistance and its improvement are the result of the combined actions of each insulin-sensitive organ. Among the fundamental molecular mechanisms by which each organ is able to communicate and engage in cross-talk are cytokines or peptides which stem from secretory organs. Recently, it was reported that several cytokines or peptides are secreted from muscle (myokines), adipose tissue (adipokines) and liver (hepatokines) in response to certain nutrition and/or physical activity conditions. Cytokines exert autocrine, paracrine or endocrine effects for the maintenance of energy homeostasis. The present review is focused on the relationship and cross-talk amongst muscle, adipose tissue and the liver as secretory organs in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Da Som Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Baek Soo Han
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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107
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Sun LN, Li XL, Wang F, Zhang J, Wang DD, Yuan L, Wu MN, Wang ZJ, Qi JS. High-intensity treadmill running impairs cognitive behavior and hippocampal synaptic plasticity of rats via activation of inflammatory response. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1611-1620. [PMID: 27918079 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although appropriate exercise is beneficial for enhancing brain functions, high-intensity exercise (HIE)-induced cognitive dysfunction is causing more and more concerns nowadays. In the present study, we observed the effects of high-intensity treadmill running on the spatial learning of the adult Sprague Dawley male rats in Y-maze (n = 16 per group), and investigated its possible electrophysiological and molecular mechanisms by examining in vivo hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), central inflammatory responses, and JNK/p38/ERK signal pathway. The Y-maze active avoidance test showed that high-intensity treadmill running impaired spatial learning ability of rats, with increased error times and prolonged training time in recognizing safety condition. Associated with the cognitive dysfunction, the induction and maintenance of hippocampal LTP were also impaired by the HIE. Furthermore, accompanied by elevated levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS, overactivation of microglia and astrocytes was also found in the CA1 region of hippocampus in the excessive exercise group, indicating an inflammatory response induced by HIE. In addition, Western blot assay showed that the phosphorylation of JNK/p38/ERK proteins was enhanced in the exercise group. These results suggest that exercise stress-induced neuronal inflammatory responses in the hippocampus are associated with HIE-induced cognitive deficits, which may be involved in the upregulation of the JNK/p38/ERK pathway. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Sun
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,School of PE, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiao-Long Li
- School of PE, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of PE, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mei-Na Wu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jin-Shun Qi
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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108
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Chrysostomou V, Galic S, Wijngaarden P, Trounce IA, Steinberg GR, Crowston JG. Exercise reverses age-related vulnerability of the retina to injury by preventing complement-mediated synapse elimination via a BDNF-dependent pathway. Aging Cell 2016; 15:1082-1091. [PMID: 27613664 PMCID: PMC5114604 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) become increasingly vulnerable to injury with advancing age. We recently showed that this vulnerability can be strongly modified in mice by exercise. However, the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of retinal protection with exercise remain unknown. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate cellular changes associated with exercise‐induced protection of aging retinal cells and the role of local and peripheral trophic signalling in mediating these effects. We focussed on two molecules that are thought to play key roles in mediating beneficial effects of exercise: brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). In middle‐aged (12 months old) C57BL/6J mice, we found that exercise protected RGCs against dysfunction and cell loss after an acute injury induced by elevation of intra‐ocular pressure. This was associated with preservation of inner retinal synapses and reduced synaptic complement deposition. Retinal expression of BDNF was not upregulated in response to exercise alone. Rather, exercise maintained BDNF levels in the retina, which were decreased postinjury in nonexercised animals. Confirming a critical role for BDNF, we found that blocking BDNF signalling during exercise by pharmacological means or genetic knock‐down suppressed the functional protection of RGCs afforded by exercise. Protection of RGCs with exercise was independent of activation of AMPK in either retina or skeletal muscle. Our data support a previously unidentified mechanism in which exercise prevents loss of BDNF in the retina after injury and preserves neuronal function and survival by preventing complement‐mediated elimination of synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Chrysostomou
- Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital University of Melbourne 32 Gisborne Street East Melbourne Vic. 3002 Australia
| | - Sandra Galic
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine University of Melbourne 41 Victoria Parade Fitzroy Vic. 3065 Australia
| | - Peter Wijngaarden
- Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital University of Melbourne 32 Gisborne Street East Melbourne Vic. 3002 Australia
| | - Ian A. Trounce
- Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital University of Melbourne 32 Gisborne Street East Melbourne Vic. 3002 Australia
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4L8 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Jonathan G. Crowston
- Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital University of Melbourne 32 Gisborne Street East Melbourne Vic. 3002 Australia
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Alvarez-Saavedra M, De Repentigny Y, Yang D, O’Meara R, Yan K, Hashem L, Racacho L, Ioshikhes I, Bulman D, Parks R, Kothary R, Picketts D. Voluntary Running Triggers VGF-Mediated Oligodendrogenesis to Prolong the Lifespan of Snf2h-Null Ataxic Mice. Cell Rep 2016; 17:862-875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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110
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Pedersen BK, Saltin B. Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 25 Suppl 3:1-72. [PMID: 26606383 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1637] [Impact Index Per Article: 204.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review provides the reader with the up-to-date evidence-based basis for prescribing exercise as medicine in the treatment of 26 different diseases: psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, stress, schizophrenia); neurological diseases (dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis); metabolic diseases (obesity, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome, type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes); cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, cerebral apoplexy, and claudication intermittent); pulmonary diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis); musculo-skeletal disorders (osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, back pain, rheumatoid arthritis); and cancer. The effect of exercise therapy on disease pathogenesis and symptoms are given and the possible mechanisms of action are discussed. We have interpreted the scientific literature and for each disease, we provide the reader with our best advice regarding the optimal type and dose for prescription of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and The Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Saltin
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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111
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Genzer Y, Dadon M, Burg C, Chapnik N, Froy O. Effect of dietary fat and the circadian clock on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 430:49-55. [PMID: 27113028 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant neurotrophin in the brain and its decreased levels are associated with the development of obesity and neurodegeneration. Our aim was to test the effect of dietary fat, its timing and the circadian clock on the expression of BDNF and associated signaling pathways in mouse brain and liver. Bdnf mRNA oscillated robustly in brain and liver, but with a 12-h shift between the tissues. Brain and liver Bdnf mRNA showed a 12-h phase shift when fed ketogenic diet (KD) compared with high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD). Brain or liver Bdnf mRNA did not show the typical phase advance usually seen under time-restricted feeding (RF). Clock knockdown in HT-4 hippocampal neurons led to 86% up-regulation of Bdnf mRNA, whereas it led to 60% down-regulation in AML-12 hepatocytes. Dietary fat in mice or cultured hepatocytes and hippocampal neurons led to increased Bdnf mRNA expression. At the protein level, HFD increased the ratio of the mature BDNF protein (mBDNF) to its precursor (proBDNF). In the liver, RF under LFD or HFD reduced the mBDNF/proBDNF ratio. In the brain, the two signaling pathways related to BDNF, mTOR and AMPK, showed reduced and increased levels, respectively, under timed HFD. In the liver, the reverse was achieved. In summary, Bdnf expression is mediated by the circadian clock and dietary fat. Although RF does not affect its expression phase, in the brain, when combined with high-fat diet, it leads to a unique metabolic state in which AMPK is activated, mTOR is down-regulated and the levels of mBDNF are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoni Genzer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Maayan Dadon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Chen Burg
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nava Chapnik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Oren Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Wilasco MIA, Uribe-Cruz C, Santetti D, Pfaffenseller B, Dornelles CTL, da Silveira TR. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Children and Adolescents with Cirrhosis Due to Biliary Atresia. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2016; 69:1-8. [PMID: 27382957 DOI: 10.1159/000447364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis is not so easy to assess properly. Considering the relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and energy homeostasis, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of BDNF in children and adolescents with cirrhosis due to biliary atresia (BA) and correlate it with their nutritional status. METHODS Fifty-three children and adolescents with cirrhosis due to BA and 33 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometric parameters, and serum BDNF was measured by ELISA. Spearman coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between variables. RESULTS In the cirrhosis group, 28.8% were undernourished and in the control group, 100% were well-nourished. BDNF median values for the control and cirrhosis group were 28.5 and 9.0 pg/ml respectively. BDNF and platelets were positively associated with both Standard Deviation Score (SDS) for height-for-age ratio and SDS for triceps skinfold thickness-for-age ratio. CONCLUSIONS Considering these associations, BDNF may be an indirect biomarker of nutritional status in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease. Further studies must be conducted to clarify the role of BDNF in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês A Wilasco
- Experimental Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Zembron-Lacny A, Dziubek W, Rynkiewicz M, Morawin B, Woźniewski M. Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor is related to cardiovascular risk factors in active and inactive elderly men. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016; 49:S0100-879X2016000700603. [PMID: 27332774 PMCID: PMC4918790 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise plays an important preventive and therapeutic role in heart and vascular diseases, and beneficially affects brain function. In blood, the effects of exercise appear to be very complex and could include protection of vascular endothelial cells via neurotrophic factors and decreased oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to identify the age-related changes in peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its relationship to oxidative damage and conventional cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers, such as atherogenic index, C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and oxidized LDL (oxLDL), in active and inactive men. Seventeen elderly males (61-80 years) and 17 young males (20-24 years) participated in this study. According to the 6-min Åstrand-Rhyming bike test, the subjects were classified into active and inactive groups. The young and elderly active men had a significantly better lipoprotein profile and antioxidant status, as well as reduced oxidative damage and inflammatory state. The active young and elderly men had significantly higher plasma BDNF levels compared to their inactive peers. BDNF was correlated with VO2max (r=0.765, P<0.001). In addition, we observed a significant inverse correlation of BDNF with atherogenic index (TC/HDL), hsCRP and oxLDL. The findings demonstrate that a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness reflected in VO2max was associated with a higher level of circulating BDNF, which in turn was related to common CVD risk factors and oxidative damage markers in young and elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Zembron-Lacny
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine
and Health Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - W. Dziubek
- Department of Physiotherapy in Internal Diseases, Faculty of
Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wroclaw,
Poland
| | - M. Rynkiewicz
- Department of Biological Basis of Sport, Faculty of Medicine and
Health Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - B. Morawin
- Department of Biological Basis of Sport, Faculty of Medicine and
Health Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - M. Woźniewski
- Department of Physiotherapy in Internal Diseases, Faculty of
Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wroclaw,
Poland
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114
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Kim HJ, So B, Son JS, Song HS, Oh SL, Seong JK, Lee H, Song W. Resistance training inhibits the elevation of skeletal muscle derived-BDNF level concomitant with improvement of muscle strength in zucker diabetic rat. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 19:281-8. [PMID: 27274460 PMCID: PMC4886843 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2015.15112402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] In the present study, we investigated the effects of 8 weeks of progressive resistance training on the level of skeletal muscle derived BDNF as well as glucose intolerance in Zucker diabetic rats. [Methods] Six week-old male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and Zucker lean control (ZLC) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sedentary ZLC (ZLC-Con), sedentary ZDF (ZDF-Con), and exercised ZDF (ZDF-Ex). Progressive resistance training using a ladder and tail weights was performed for 8 weeks (3 days/week). [Results] After 8 weeks of resistance training, substantial reduction in body weight was observed in ZDF-Ex compared to ZDF-Con. Though the skeletal muscle volume did not change, grip strength grip strength was significantly higher in ZDF-Ex compared to ZDF-Con. In the soleus, the level of BDNF was increased in ZDF-Con, but was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in ZDF-Ex, showing a training effect. Moreover, we found that there was a negative correlation (r=-0.657; p=0.004) between grip strength and BDNF level whereas there was a positive correlation (r=0.612; p=0.008) between plasma glucose level and BDNF level in skeletal muscle. [Conclusion] Based upon our results, we demonstrated that resistance training inhibited the elevation of skeletal muscle derived-BDNF expression concomitant with the improvement of muscle strength in zucker diabetic rats. In addition, muscle-derived BDNF might be a potential mediator for the preventive effect of resistance training on the progress of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jae Kim
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghun So
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seok Son
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sol Song
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Lyul Oh
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyoung Lee
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Song
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul Republic of Korea
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115
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Soavi C, Marušič U, Sanz JM, Morieri ML, Dalla Nora E, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Zuliani G, Passaro A. Age-related differences in plasma BDNF levels after prolonged bed rest. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:1118-23. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01111.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the family of neurotrophins and has been implicated in brain resistance to insults. Murine studies have demonstrated increased hippocampal concentration after acute immobilization and decreased concentration after chronic immobilization. In humans, chronic stress and sedentary lifestyle result in decreased plasma BDNF levels, but there no data exist regarding acute immobilization. The aim of our study was to evaluate age-related responses [comparing 7 younger subjects (age 23 ± 3 yr) and 8 older subjects (age 60 ± 4 yr)] of plasma BDNF before (baseline data collection, BDC) and after 14 days (BR14) of horizontal bed rest (BR). At BDC, BDNF levels were not different between the two groups ( P = 0.101), although at BR14, BDNF levels were higher in older subjects (62.02 ± 18.31) than in younger subjects (34.36 ± 15.24 pg/ml) ( P = 0.002). A general linear model for repeated measures showed a significant effect of BR on BDNF ( P = 0.002). The BDC BDNF levels correlated with fat-free mass in both populations (ALL) ( R = 0.628, P = 0.012), (older, R = 0.753, P = 0.031; younger, R = 0.772, P = 0.042), and with total cholesterol in ALL ( R = 0.647, P = 0.009) and older study subjects ( R = 0.805, P = 0.016). At BR14, BDNF correlated with total cholesterol ( R = 0.579, P = 0.024) and age ( R = 0.647, P = 0.009) in ALL. With an increase in age, the brain could become naturally less resistant to acute stressors, including the detrimental effects of prolonged bed rest, and thus the increase in BDNF in the older study group might reflect a protective overshooting of the brain to counteract the negative effects in such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Soavi
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; and
| | - Uroš Marušič
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Capodistria, Slovenia
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; and
| | | | | | - Bostjan Šimunič
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Capodistria, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Capodistria, Slovenia
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; and
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; and
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Shimamura N, Naraoka M, Katagai T, Katayama K, Kakuta K, Matsuda N, Ohkuma H. Analysis of Factors That Influence Long-Term Independent Living for Elderly Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients. World Neurosurg 2016; 90:504-510. [PMID: 27025452 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of elderly subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients has been increasing. The aim of this study was to analyze long-term outcome for elderly (≥75 years) SAH patients and to establish a treatment strategy. METHODS From January 2005 to December 2013, 86 consecutive cases were treated. We used a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at the outpatient clinic or a telephone interview of patients and/or families. Kaplan-Meier plots were done for mortality and independent (mRS 0 ∼ 2) state. Multivariate analysis was done to distinguish factors that influence on outcome. RESULTS Median age was 79, Hunt-Kosnik grade 1 ∼ 3 was 79%, and the radical intervention (clipping or coiling) rate was 78%. Mean follow-up period was 28.7 ± 3.4 standard error months. Half of deaths occurred during the first two months. The number of cases of independent living gradually decreased to 50% at 28 months after SAH. Half of patients lived independently for 36 months at HK grades 1 to 3, and 3 months at HK grades 4 to 5 (p < 0.05). Half of patients lived independently for 40 months in the radical intervention group, and 14 months in the conservative treatment group (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis for independent living revealed that gender, pre-morbid condition, HK grade, and postoperative complication were significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Good-grade elderly SAH cases that were independent pre-stroke should have radical intervention performed for aneurysm. Avoiding perioperative complications have a positive influence on long-term independent living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Shimamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
| | - Masato Naraoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takeshi Katagai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kosuke Katayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Kakuta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohkuma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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Mad men, women and steroid cocktails: a review of the impact of sex and other factors on anabolic androgenic steroids effects on affective behaviors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:549-69. [PMID: 26758282 PMCID: PMC4751878 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE For several decades, elite athletes and a growing number of recreational consumers have used anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) as performance enhancing drugs. Despite mounting evidence that illicit use of these synthetic steroids has detrimental effects on affective states, information available on sex-specific actions of these drugs is lacking. OBJECTIVES The focus of this review is to assess information to date on the importance of sex and its interaction with other environmental factors on affective behaviors, with an emphasis on data derived from non-human studies. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for relevant studies in both sexes. RESULTS Studies examining AAS use in females are limited, reflecting the lower prevalence of use in this sex. Data, however, indicate significant sex-specific differences in AAS effects on anxiety-like and aggressive behaviors, interactions with other drugs of abuse, and the interplay of AAS with other environmental factors such as diet and exercise. CONCLUSIONS Current methods for assessing AAS use have limitations that suggest biases of both under- and over-reporting, which may be amplified for females who are poorly represented in self-report studies of human subjects and are rarely used in animal studies. Data from animal literature suggest that there are significant sex-specific differences in the impact of AAS on aggression, anxiety, and concomitant use of other abused substances. These results have relevance for human females who take these drugs as performance-enhancing substances and for transgender XX individuals who may illicitly self-administer AAS as they transition to a male gender identity.
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118
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Liu C, Chan CB, Ye K. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, a small molecular TrkB agonist, is useful for treating various BDNF-implicated human disorders. Transl Neurodegener 2016; 5:2. [PMID: 26740873 PMCID: PMC4702337 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-015-0048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates a variety of biological processes predominantly via binding to the transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB. It is a potential therapeutic target in numerous neurological, mental and metabolic disorders. However, the lack of efficient means to deliver BDNF into the body imposes an insurmountable hurdle to its clinical application. To address this challenge, we initiated a cell-based drug screening to search for small molecules that act as the TrkB agonist. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) is our first reported small molecular TrkB agonist, which has now been extensively validated in various biochemical and cellular systems. Though binding to the extracellular domain of TrkB, 7,8-DHF triggers TrkB dimerization to induce the downstream signaling. Notably, 7,8-DHF is orally bioactive that can penetrate the brain blood barrier (BBB) to exert its neurotrophic activities in the central nervous system. Numerous reports suggest 7,8-DHF processes promising therapeutic efficacy in various animal disease models that are related to deficient BDNF signaling. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the binding activity and specificity, structure-activity relationship, pharmacokinetic and metabolism, and the pre-clinical efficacy of 7,8-DHF against some human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Liu
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073 P.R. China
| | - Chi Bun Chan
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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119
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Roh SG, Suzuki Y, Gotoh T, Tatsumi R, Katoh K. Physiological Roles of Adipokines, Hepatokines, and Myokines in Ruminants. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1-15. [PMID: 26732322 PMCID: PMC4698675 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0001r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of leptin secreted from adipocytes, specialized tissues and cells have been found that secrete the several peptides (or cytokines) that are characterized to negatively and positively regulate the metabolic process. Different types of adipokines, hepatokines, and myokines, which act as cytokines, are secreted from adipose, liver, and muscle tissue, respectively, and have been identified and examined for their physiological roles in humans and disease in animal models. Recently, various studies of these cytokines have been conducted in ruminants, including dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep, and goat. Interestingly, a few cytokines from these tissues in ruminants play an important role in the post-parturition, lactation, and fattening (marbling) periods. Thus, understanding these hormones is important for improving nutritional management in dairy cows and beef cattle. However, to our knowledge, there have been no reviews of the characteristics of these cytokines in beef and dairy products in ruminants. In particular, lipid and glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, liver tissue, and muscle tissue are very important for energy storage, production, and synthesis, which are regulated by these cytokines in ruminant production. In this review, we summarize the physiological roles of adipokines, hepatokines, and myokines in ruminants. This discussion provides a foundation for understanding the role of cytokines in animal production of ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Gun Roh
- Kuju Agriculture Research Center, Kyushu University, Oita 878-020, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Kuju Agriculture Research Center, Kyushu University, Oita 878-020, Japan
| | - Takafumi Gotoh
- Kuju Agriculture Research Center, Kyushu University, Oita 878-020, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tatsumi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kazuo Katoh
- Kuju Agriculture Research Center, Kyushu University, Oita 878-020, Japan
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120
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Flöck A, Weber SK, Ferrari N, Fietz C, Graf C, Fimmers R, Gembruch U, Merz WM. Determinants of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in umbilical cord and maternal serum. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 63:191-7. [PMID: 26460781 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a fundamental role in brain development; additionally, it is involved in various aspects of cerebral function, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Involvement of BDNF in parturition has not been investigated. The aim of our study was to analyze determinants of umbilical cord BDNF (UC-BDNF) concentrations of healthy, term newborns and their respective mothers. METHODS This cross-sectional prospective study was performed at a tertiary referral center. Maternal venous blood samples were taken on admission to labor ward; newborn venous blood samples were drawn from the umbilical cord (UC), before delivery of the placenta. Analysis was performed with a commercially available immunoassay. Univariate analyses and stepwise multivariate regression models were applied. RESULTS 120 patients were recruited. UC-BDNF levels were lower than maternal serum concentrations (median 641 ng/mL, IQR 506 vs. median 780 ng/mL, IQR 602). Correlation between UC- and maternal BDNF was low (R=0.251, p=0.01). In univariate analysis, mode of delivery (MoD), gestational age (GA), body mass index at delivery, and gestational diabetes were determinants of UC-BDNF (MoD and smoking for maternal BDNF, respectively). Stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed a model with MoD and GA as determinants for UC-BDNF (MoD for maternal BDNF). CONCLUSIONS MoD and GA at delivery are determinants of circulating BDNF in the mother and newborn. We hypothesize that BDNF, like other neuroendocrine factors, is involved in the neuroendocrine cascade of delivery. Timing and mode of delivery may exert BDNF-induced effects on the cerebral function of newborns and their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Flöck
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Bonn Medical School, Germany
| | - S K Weber
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Bonn Medical School, Germany
| | - N Ferrari
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Fietz
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Graf
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Fimmers
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Bonn Medical School, Germany
| | - U Gembruch
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Bonn Medical School, Germany
| | - W M Merz
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Bonn Medical School, Germany.
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Bathina S, Das UN. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its clinical implications. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:1164-78. [PMID: 26788077 PMCID: PMC4697050 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.56342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neuronal survival and growth, serves as a neurotransmitter modulator, and participates in neuronal plasticity, which is essential for learning and memory. It is widely expressed in the CNS, gut and other tissues. BDNF binds to its high affinity receptor TrkB (tyrosine kinase B) and activates signal transduction cascades (IRS1/2, PI3K, Akt), crucial for CREB and CBP production, that encode proteins involved in β cell survival. BDNF and insulin-like growth factor-1 have similar downstream signaling mechanisms incorporating both p-CAMK and MAPK that increase the expression of pro-survival genes. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates glucose and energy metabolism and prevents exhaustion of β cells. Decreased levels of BDNF are associated with neurodegenerative diseases with neuronal loss, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and Huntington's disease. Thus, BDNF may be useful in the prevention and management of several diseases including diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siresha Bathina
- Bio-Science Research Center, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Undurti N. Das
- Bio-Science Research Center, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, India
- UND Life Sciences, USA
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Dose-and gender-specific effects of resistance training on circulating levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in community-dwelling older adults. Exp Gerontol 2015; 70:144-9. [PMID: 26297701 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BDNF is known to induce neuroplasticity and low circulating levels have been related to neuronal loss in older persons. Physical exercise is thought to trigger BDNF-induced neuroplasticity, but conflicting observations have been reported regarding the effects of resistance training on circulating BDNF in the elderly. These conflicting observations might reflect dose-and gender-specific differences. METHOD Fifty-six apparently healthy elderly (68 ± 5 years) participants were randomized to 12 weeks of resistance training (3×/week) at either high-resistance (HIGH, 8 Males, 10 Females, 2 × 10-15 repetitions at 80% 1 RM), low-resistance (LOW, 9 Males, 10 Females, 1 × 80-100 repetitions at 20% 1 RM), or mixed low-resistance (LOW+, 9 Males, 10 Females, 1 × 60 repetitions at 20% 1 RM followed by 1 × 10-20 repetitions at 40% 1 RM). Serum was collected for BDNF assay at baseline and after 12 weeks (24 h-48 h after the last training). RESULTS 12 weeks of LOW+ exercise significantly increased BDNF levels in male (from 34.9 ± 10.7 ng/mL to 42.9 ± 11.9 ng/mL, time × group interaction p=0.013), but not in female participants. No significant change was observed in HIGH or LOW, neither in male nor female subjects. CONCLUSION Our results show that only the mixed-low-resistance training program with a very high number of repetitions at a sufficiently high external resistance was able to increase circulating BDNF in older male participants. Training to volitional fatigue might be necessary to obtain optimal results. Additional studies are needed to unravel the underlying mechanisms, as well as to confirm the observed gender difference.
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123
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Lee N, Park S, Kim J. Effects of hippotherapy on brain function, BDNF level, and physical fitness in children with ADHD. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2015; 19:115-21. [PMID: 26244130 PMCID: PMC4523801 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2015.15061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hippotherapy on brain function and levels of blood-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in children with attention deficit and/or hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). [Methods] The hippotherapy group (HRG) included twenty children with ADHD and the control group (CG) included 19 children. All participants’ physical fitness, fMRI brain scans, and blood BDNF levels were measured at baseline and after 32 weeks of participating in hippotherapy. [Results] After 32 weeks of participating in hippotherapy, the body fat of the HRG was significantly decreased (-1.12 ± 4.20%) and the body fat of the CG was increased (2.38 ± 6.35%) (p=0.049). There was no significant difference of physical fitness in both groups (p>0.05). Although there was a higher decrease in the activated insular area in the HRG (-1.59 ± 0.99) than in the CG (-1.14 ± 1.41), there was no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05) Also, there was a higher increase in the activated cerebellum area in the HRG (1.97 ± 1.45) than in the CG (1.92 ± 1.81). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). BDNF levels showed an increased tendency in the HRG (166.29 ± 277.52pg) compared to the CG (21.13 ± 686.33pg); otherwise, there was not any significant difference in these blood levels between the two groups (p>0.05). It can be assumed that big individual differences in the level of ADHD in the study participants might not cause any significant results, although there might be positive changes in the brain function of children with ADHD. [Conclusion] Therefore, this study suggests that hippotherapy training would need to be modified and developed to increase the efficacy of hippotherapy in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namju Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Arts & Sports Science, Jungwon University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok Park
- Department of Sports and Health Management, Mokwon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyu Kim
- Aribio Sports Science Institute, Yongin University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Alomari MA, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Alzubi MA. Combining restricted diet with forced or voluntary exercises improves hippocampal BDNF and cognitive function in rats. Int J Neurosci 2015; 126:366-73. [PMID: 26000806 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2015.1012587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (RDt) and exercise (Ex) enhances cognitive function due, at least in part, levels of neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This study examined changes in BDNF levels and data acquisition and retention following every-other-day RDt alone, and combined with either voluntary wheel (VxRDt) or forced swimming Exs (FxRDt) in rats. Hippocampal BDNF was measured using ELISA while learning and memory formation were assessed with the radial arm water maze (RAWM) paradigm. After 6 weeks, VxRDt and FxRDt enhanced BDNF levels, and short- and long-term memories (p < 0.05). The magnitude of the increase in BDNF was significantly higher in VxRDt group than in other groups (p < 0.05). However, no differences were found in learning and memory formation between the Ex regiments (VxRDt versus FxRDt). Additionally, RDt alone neither modulated BDNF level nor enhanced learning and memory formation (p > 0.05). These results suggest more important role of Ex, as opposed to RDt, in enhancing learning and memory formation. In addition, VxRDt appears to be more potent in enhancing brain BDNF levels than FxRDt, when combined with RDt in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Alomari
- a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- b Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.,c Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Taibah University , Madinah Munawara , Saudi Arabia
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- d Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Mohammad A Alzubi
- b Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
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125
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Vinberg M, Miskowiak K, Hoejman P, Pedersen M, Kessing LV. The effect of recombinant erythropoietin on plasma brain derived neurotrophic factor levels in patients with affective disorders: a randomised controlled study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127629. [PMID: 26011424 PMCID: PMC4444304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the effect of repeated infusions of recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) on plasma brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in patients with affective disorders. In total, 83 patients were recruited: 40 currently depressed patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 items (HDRS-17) score >17) (study 1) and 43 patients with bipolar disorder (BD) in partial remission (HDRS-17 and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) ≤ 14) (study 2). In both studies, patients were randomised to receive eight weekly EPO (Eprex; 40,000 IU) or saline (0.9% NaCl) infusions in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel—group design. Plasma BDNF levels were measured at baseline and at weeks 5, 9 and at follow up, week 14. In contrast with our hypothesis, EPO down regulated plasma BDNF levels in patients with TRD (mean reduction at week 9 (95% CI): EPO 10.94 ng/l (4.51-21.41 ng/l); mean increase at week 9: Saline 0.52 ng/l, p=0.04 (-5.88-4.48 ng/l) p=0.04, partial ŋ2=0.12). No significant effects were found on BDNF levels in partially remitted patients with BD (p=0.35). The present effects of EPO on BDNF levels in patients with TRD point to a role of neurotrophic factors in the potential effects of EPO seen in TRD and BD. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects and the interaction between EPO and peripheral levels on BDNF need to be further elucidated in human studies including a broad range of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj Vinberg
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Kamilla Miskowiak
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Hoejman
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre of Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, 7641, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre of Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, 7641, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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127
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Eisen R, Perera S, Bawor M, Banfield L, Anglin R, Minuzzi L, Samaan Z. Association between BDNF levels and suicidal behaviour: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2015; 4:56. [PMID: 25908105 PMCID: PMC4410596 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-015-0047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a worldwide public health concern that claims close to 1 million lives each year. Suicidal behaviour is a significant risk factor for completed suicide and is much more prevalent than completed suicide. Many internal and external factors contribute to the risk of suicidal behaviour. Recent research has focused on biological markers in suicide risk, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF is a protein involved in the growth, function, and maintenance of the nervous system. It has been implicated in psychiatric disorders and suicide. While some evidence suggests that reduced levels of BDNF are associated with suicide, the precise relationship has yet to be determined. The aim of this study is to review the literature examining the relationship between levels of BDNF and suicidal behaviour. METHODS A predefined search strategy will be implemented to search the following electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) from inception. The articles will be screened by two independent authors (RE and SP) using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Discrepancies will be resolved by consensus, or by a third author (ZS) in cases of disagreement. The primary outcome will be the association between levels of BDNF and suicidal behaviour. A meta-analysis will be conducted if appropriate. Quality of evidence and risk of bias will be evaluated. DISCUSSION The findings of this review will assist in identifying and treating individuals at increased risk of suicide. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42015015871 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Eisen
- MiNDS Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Stefan Perera
- Health Research Methodology Graduate Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. .,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Monica Bawor
- MiNDS Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. .,Population Genomics Program, Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Laura Banfield
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Rebecca Anglin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. .,Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
| | - Zainab Samaan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. .,Population Genomics Program, Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. .,Peter Boris Centre for Addiction Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3R2, Canada.
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128
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Tsai SW, Chan YC, Liang F, Hsu CY, Lee IT. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor correlated with muscle strength in subjects undergoing stationary bicycle exercise training. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:367-71. [PMID: 25682570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Several central nervous disorders are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes. Reduction in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the mechanism of central nervous dysfunction. BDNF is up-regulated after exercise, but it is not known whether increased BDNF is related to increases in muscle strength. METHODS In the present study, subjects with MetS or type 2 diabetes were enrolled in an exercise program. All participants underwent an indoor bicycle exercise program for twelve weeks. Serum BDNF was determined after overnight fasting. Muscle strength was assessed by extension of the dominant lower extremity. RESULTS A total of 33 subjects were enrolled in this study. The body mass index did not change significantly (from 30.4±6.0 to 30.2±5.8kg/m(2), P=0.436), but serum BDNF increased significantly (from 17.1±9.1 to 24.2±10.7ng/mL, P<0.001) after the study. The exercise-associated BDNF was significantly correlated with the increased strength in lower-extremity extension test (r=0.54, P=0.001). Using multivariate regression analysis, muscle-strength increment, but not body-weight change, was an independent factor for serum BDNF (95% CI=0.009-0.044, P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS After a twelve-week program of stationary bicycle exercise, serum BDNF concentration increased, and this change was positively correlated with muscle strength of lower-extremity extension, but not body weight. ( TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02268292, ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 404, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Center of General Education, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, TaichungVeterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ching Chan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Francois Liang
- Cycling & Health Tech Industry R&D Center, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Chiann-Yi Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, TaichungVeterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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129
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Yang HT, Luo LJ, Chen WJ, Zhao L, Tang CS, Qi YF, Zhang J. IL-15 expression increased in response to treadmill running and inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress in skeletal muscle in rats. Endocrine 2015; 48:152-63. [PMID: 24647688 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 15 (IL-15) has recently been proposed as a circulating myokine involved in glucose uptake and utilization in skeletal muscle. However, the role and mechanism of IL-15 in exercise improving insulin resistance (IR) is unclear. Here, we investigated the alteration in expression of IL-15 and IL-15 receptor α (IL-15Rα) in skeletal muscle during treadmill running in rats with IR induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and elucidated the mechanism of the anti-IR effects of IL-15. At 20 weeks of HFD, rats showed severe IR, with increased levels of fasting blood sugar and plasma insulin, impaired glucose tolerance, and reduced glucose transport activity. IL-15 immunoreactivity and mRNA level in gastrocnemius muscle were decreased markedly as compared with controls. IL-15Rα protein and mRNA levels in both soleus and gastrocnemius muscle were significantly decreased, which might attenuate the signaling or secretion of IL-15 in muscle. Eight-week treadmill running completely ameliorated HFD-induced IR and reversed the downregulated level of IL-15 and IL-15Rα in skeletal muscle of HFD-fed rats. To investigate whether IL-15 exerts its anti-IR effects directly in muscle, we pre-incubated muscle strips with the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inducer dithiothreitol (DTT) or tunicamycin (Tm); IL-15 treatment markedly decreased the protein expression of the ERS markers 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, 94-kDa glucose-regulated protein and C/EBP homologous protein and inhibited ERS induced by DTT or Tm. Therefore, treadmill running promoted skeletal IL-15 and IL-15Rα expression in HFD-induced IR in rats. The inhibitory effect of IL-15 on ERS may be involved in improved insulin sensitivity with exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Yang
- School of P.E. and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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130
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Fukushima A, Kinugawa S, Homma T, Masaki Y, Furihata T, Yokota T, Matsushima S, Takada S, Kadoguchi T, Oba K, Okita K, Tsutsui H. Serum brain-derived neurotropic factor level predicts adverse clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. J Card Fail 2015; 21:300-6. [PMID: 25639689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is involved in cardiovascular diseases as well as skeletal muscle energy metabolism and depression. We investigated whether serum BDNF level was associated with prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS We measured the serum BDNF level in 58 patients with HF (59.2 ± 13.7 years old, New York Heart Association functional class I-III) at baseline, and adverse events, including all cardiac deaths and HF rehospitalizations, were recorded during the median follow-up of 20.3 months. In a univariate analysis, serum BDNF levels were significantly associated with peak oxygen capacity (β = 0.547; P = .003), anaerobic threshold (β = 0.929; P = .004), and log minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope (β = -10.15; P = .005), but not Patient Health Questionnaire scores (β = -0.099; P = .586). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that serum BDNF level was an independent prognostic factor of adverse events (hazard ratio 0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.20-0.84; P = .003). The receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated that low levels of BDNF (<17.4 ng/mL) were associated with higher rates of adverse events compared with high levels of BDNF (≥17.4 ng/mL; log rank test: P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Decreased serum BDNF levels were significantly associated with adverse outcomes in HF patients, suggesting that these levels can be a useful prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Fukushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Tsuneaki Homma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Masaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Furihata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shouji Matsushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Takada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kadoguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Oba
- Translational Research and Clinical Trial Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koichi Okita
- Graduate School of Program in Lifelong Learning Studies, Hokusho University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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131
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Constitutive BDNF/TrkB signaling is required for normal cardiac contraction and relaxation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:1880-5. [PMID: 25583515 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1417949112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BDNF and its associated tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) nurture vessels and nerves serving the heart. However, the direct effect of BDNF/TrkB signaling on the myocardium is poorly understood. Here we report that cardiac-specific TrkB knockout mice (TrkB(-/-)) display impaired cardiac contraction and relaxation, showing that BDNF/TrkB signaling acts constitutively to sustain in vivo myocardial performance. BDNF enhances normal cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) cycling, contractility, and relaxation via Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Conversely, failing myocytes, which have increased truncated TrkB lacking tyrosine kinase activity and chronically activated CaMKII, are insensitive to BDNF. Thus, BDNF/TrkB signaling represents a previously unidentified pathway by which the peripheral nervous system directly and tonically influences myocardial function in parallel with β-adrenergic control. Deficits in this system are likely additional contributors to acute and chronic cardiac dysfunction.
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132
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Smith E, Brosnan M, Comiskey C, Synnott K. Road collisions as a cause of traumatic spinal cord injury in ireland, 2001-2010. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2014; 20:158-65. [PMID: 25477738 DOI: 10.1310/sci2002-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Road collisions remain the leading cause of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in the world. Half of all TSCIs in Ireland in 2000 were caused by road collisions. Since then, there has been a downward trend in road fatalities coincident with implemented road safety strategies. OBJECTIVE To examine the incidence of TSCI resulting from road collisions from 2001 to 2010. METHOD This is a retrospective study using the hospital inpatient enquiry database of the tertiary referral center, which houses the national spinal injuries unit. Information retrieved included total numbers of patients with TSCI and number of TSCIs due to road collisions from 2001 through 2010, age groups affected, and the gender balance. RESULTS Over the 10-year period studied, the incidence rate of TSCI due to road collisions declined, although this did not reach statistical significance. The largest numbers of all TSCIs and TSCIs due to road collisions were in the 20- to 29-year age category and the male gender. CONCLUSIONS As mortality due to road collisions declined, so did the number of TSCIs from the same etiology. An impactful road safety campaign is likely to have influenced these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear Smith
- Spinal Cord System of Care, National Rehabilitation Hospital, Dun Laoghaire , Co. Dublin , Ireland
| | | | - Catherine Comiskey
- Centre for Practice & Healthcare Innovation, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Keith Synnott
- Department of Spinal & Orthopaedic Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
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133
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Exercise as an anti-inflammatory therapy for rheumatic diseases—myokine regulation. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2014; 11:86-97. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2014.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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134
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Moderate Treadmill Exercise Protects Synaptic Plasticity of the Dentate Gyrus and Related Signaling Cascade in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1067-1076. [PMID: 25288155 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is known to be more resistant to the effects of various external factors than other hippocampal areas. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of moderate treadmill exercise on early-phase long-term potentiation (E-LTP) and its molecular signaling pathways in the DG of amyloid β rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Animals were preconditioned to run on treadmill for 4 weeks and concurrently received ICV infusion of Aβ₁₋₄₂ peptides (250 pmol/day) during the third and fourth weeks of exercise training. We utilized in vivo electrophysiological recordings to assess the effect of exercise and/or AD pathology on basal synaptic transmission and E-LTP magnitude of the perforant pathway synapses in urethane-anesthetized rats. Immunoblotting analysis was used to quantify changes in the levels of learning and memory-related key signaling molecules. The AD-impaired basal synaptic transmission and suppression of E-LTP in the DG were prevented by prior moderate treadmill exercise. In addition, exercise normalized the basal levels of memory and E-LTP-related signaling molecules including Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), calcineurin (PP2B), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Exercise also prevented the reduction of phosphorylated CaMKII and aberrant increase of PP2B seen after E-LTP induction in amyloid-infused rats. Our data suggests that by restoring the balance of kinase-phosphatase, 4 weeks of moderate treadmill exercise prevents DG synaptic deficits and deleterious alterations in signaling pathways associated with AD.
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135
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Silverman MN, Deuster PA. Biological mechanisms underlying the role of physical fitness in health and resilience. Interface Focus 2014; 4:20140040. [PMID: 25285199 PMCID: PMC4142018 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2014.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical fitness, achieved through regular exercise and/or spontaneous physical activity, confers resilience by inducing positive psychological and physiological benefits, blunting stress reactivity, protecting against potentially adverse behavioural and metabolic consequences of stressful events and preventing many chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical fitness on mental and physical health. Physical fitness appears to buffer against stress-related disease owing to its blunting/optimizing effects on hormonal stress responsive systems, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. This blunting appears to contribute to reduced emotional, physiological and metabolic reactivity as well as increased positive mood and well-being. Another mechanism whereby regular exercise and/or physical fitness may confer resilience is through minimizing excessive inflammation. Chronic psychological stress, physical inactivity and abdominal adiposity have been associated with persistent, systemic, low-grade inflammation and exert adverse effects on mental and physical health. The anti-inflammatory effects of regular exercise/activity can promote behavioural and metabolic resilience, and protect against various chronic diseases associated with systemic inflammation. Moreover, exercise may benefit the brain by enhancing growth factor expression and neural plasticity, thereby contributing to improved mood and cognition. In summary, the mechanisms whereby physical fitness promotes increased resilience and well-being and positive psychological and physical health are diverse and complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia A. Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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136
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Exercise-induced myokines in health and metabolic diseases. Integr Med Res 2014; 3:172-179. [PMID: 28664094 PMCID: PMC5481763 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has been emerging as a research field since the past 2 decades. Contraction of a muscle, which acts as a secretory organ, stimulates production, secretion, and expression of cytokines or other muscle fiber-derived peptides, i.e., myokines. Exercise-induced myokines influence crosstalk between different organs in an autocrine, endocrine, or paracrine fashion. Myokines are recently recognized as potential candidates for treating metabolic diseases through their ability to stimulate AMP-activated protein kinase signaling, increase glucose uptake, and improve lipolysis. Myokines may have positive effects on metabolic disorders, type 2 diabetes, or obesity. Numerous studies on myokines suggested that myokines offer a potential treatment option for preventing metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of the positive effects of exercise-induced myokines, such as interleukin-15, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, irisin, fibroblast growth factor 21, and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, on metabolic diseases.
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137
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Effects of acute bouts of physical activity on children's attention: a systematic review of the literature. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:410. [PMID: 25133092 PMCID: PMC4132441 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to describe the effects of acute bouts of physical activity on attention levels of children. A systematic review was performed of English studies from searches in PubMed, Sportdiscus and PsycINFO from 1990 to (May) 2014 according to the PRISMA statement. Only prospective studies of children aged 4-18 years old were included, detailing acute effects of physical activity bouts with the primary outcome attention. One reviewer extracted data on the study characteristics. Two reviewers conducted the methodological quality assessment independently using a criteria checklist, which was based on the Downs and Black checklist for non-randomised studies. Overall the evidence is thin and inconclusive. The methodological differences in study sample (size and age), study design and measurement of attention make it difficult to compare results. There is weak evidence for the effect of acute bouts of physical activity on attention. More experimental studies with a comparable methodology, especially in the school setting, are needed to strengthen this evidence.
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Rosenblat JD, Cha DS, Mansur RB, McIntyre RS. Inflamed moods: a review of the interactions between inflammation and mood disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 53:23-34. [PMID: 24468642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders have been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the leading cause of disability worldwide. Notwithstanding the established efficacy of conventional mood agents, many treated individuals continue to remain treatment refractory and/or exhibit clinically significant residual symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and psychosocial impairment. Therefore, a priority research and clinical agenda is to identify pathophysiological mechanisms subserving mood disorders to improve therapeutic efficacy. During the past decade, inflammation has been revisited as an important etiologic factor of mood disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this synthetic review is threefold: 1) to review the evidence for an association between inflammation and mood disorders, 2) to discuss potential pathophysiologic mechanisms that may explain this association and 3) to present novel therapeutic options currently being investigated that target the inflammatory-mood pathway. Accumulating evidence implicates inflammation as a critical mediator in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Indeed, elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been repeatedly demonstrated in both major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) patients. Further, the induction of a pro-inflammatory state in healthy or medically ill subjects induces 'sickness behavior' resembling depressive symptomatology. Potential mechanisms involved include, but are not limited to, direct effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on monoamine levels, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, pathologic microglial cell activation, impaired neuroplasticity and structural and functional brain changes. Anti-inflammatory agents, such as acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA), celecoxib, anti-TNF-α agents, minocycline, curcumin and omega-3 fatty acids, are being investigated for use in mood disorders. Current evidence shows improved outcomes in mood disorder patients when anti-inflammatory agents are used as an adjunct to conventional therapy; however, further research is needed to establish the therapeutic benefit and appropriate dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Danielle S Cha
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental States (PRISMA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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139
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Onakomaiya MM, Porter DM, Oberlander JG, Henderson LP. Sex and exercise interact to alter the expression of anabolic androgenic steroid-induced anxiety-like behaviors in the mouse. Horm Behav 2014; 66:283-97. [PMID: 24768711 PMCID: PMC4127168 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are taken by both sexes to enhance athletic performance and body image, nearly always in conjunction with an exercise regime. Although taken to improve physical attributes, chronic AAS use can promote negative behavior, including anxiety. Few studies have directly compared the impact of AAS use in males versus females or assessed the interaction of exercise and AAS. We show that AAS increase anxiety-like behaviors in female but not male mice and that voluntary exercise accentuates these sex-specific differences. We also show that levels of the anxiogenic peptide corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) are significantly greater in males, but that AAS selectively increase CRF levels in females, thus abrogating this sex-specific difference. Exercise did not ameliorate AAS-induced anxiety or alter CRF levels in females. Exercise was anxiolytic in males, but this behavioral outcome did not correlate with CRF levels. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has also been implicated in the expression of anxiety. As with CRF, levels of hippocampal BDNF mRNA were significantly greater in males than females. AAS and exercise were without effect on BDNF mRNA in females. In males, anxiolytic effects of exercise correlated with increased BDNF mRNA, however AAS-induced changes in BDNF mRNA and anxiety did not. In sum, we find that AAS elicit sex-specific differences in anxiety and that voluntary exercise accentuates these differences. In addition, our data suggest that these behavioral outcomes may reflect convergent actions of AAS and exercise on a sexually differentiated CRF signaling system within the extended amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie M Onakomaiya
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Hinman Box 7701, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Donna M Porter
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Hinman Box 7701, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Joseph G Oberlander
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Hogan 2-160, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Leslie P Henderson
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Hinman Box 7701, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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Lee IT, Fu CP, Lee WJ, Liang KW, Lin SY, Wan CJ, Sheu WHH. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, but not body weight, correlated with a reduction in depression scale scores in men with metabolic syndrome: a prospective weight-reduction study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:18. [PMID: 24524285 PMCID: PMC3925444 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, a critical component of metabolic syndrome (MetS), is associated with depression. Deficiency of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the mechanism of depression. We hypothesized that weight reduction would improve depressive symptoms via increasing BDNF levels in obese men. METHODS Male adults with obesity were enrolled in a weight-reduction program for twelve weeks. All subjects underwent daily caloric restriction and an exercise program which was regularly assessed in group classes. Fasting blood samples and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (Zung SDS) scores were collected for assessments before and after the study. RESULTS A total of 36 subjects completed this program. The average reduction in body weight was 8.4 ± 5.1 kg (8.8 ± 5.1%, P < 0.001). Fasting serum BDNF significantly increased after the study (from 40.4 ± 7.8 to 46.9 ± 8.9 ng/ml, P < 0.001). However, the depression symptoms, as assessed by the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (Zung SDS), did not reduce significantly (P = 0.486). Divided into subgroups based on changes in BDNF, Zung SDS scores were significantly reduced in subjects with greater BDNF increase than in those with minor BDNF change (-3.9 ± 6.2 vs. 2.3 ± 6.7, P = 0.009). The increased percentage of BDNF was inversely correlated with the change in Zung SDS (r = -0.380, P = 0.022). Multivariate regression analysis showed that reduction in BDNF was independently associated with change in Zung SDS (95% confidence interval -0.315 to -0.052, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Zung SDS only significantly improved in men with increased fasting BDNF levels after a lifestyle intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION (NCT01065753, ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Po Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kae-Woei Liang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Jen Wan
- Department of Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Technology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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141
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Dao AT, Zagaar MA, Levine AT, Salim S, Eriksen JL, Alkadhi KA. Treadmill exercise prevents learning and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Curr Alzheimer Res 2014; 10:507-15. [PMID: 23627709 DOI: 10.2174/1567205011310050006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive memory loss. In contrast, accumulating evidence suggests a neuroprotective role of regular exercise in aging associated memory impairment. In this study, we investigated the ability of regular exercise to prevent impairments of short-term memory (STM) and early long-term potentiation (E-LTP) in area CA1 of the hippocampus in a rat model of AD (i.c.v. infusion of 250 pmol/day Aβ1-42 peptides). We utilized behavioral assessment, in vivo electrophysiological recording, and immunoblotting in 4 groups of adult Wistar rats: control, treadmill exercise (Ex), β-amyloid-infused (Aβ), and amyloid-infused/treadmill exercised (Ex/Aβ). Our findings indicated that Aβ rats made significantly more errors in the radial arm water maze (RAWM) compared to all other groups and exhibited suppressed E-LTP in area CA1, which correlated with deleterious alterations in the levels of memory and E-LTP-related signaling molecules including calcineurin (PP2B), brain derivedneurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated CaMKII (p-CaMKII). Compared to controls, Ex and Ex/Aβ rats showed a similar behavioral performance and a normal E-LTP with no detrimental changes in the levels of PP2B, BDNF, and p- CaMKII. We conclude that treadmill exercise maybe able to prevent cognitive impairment associated with AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- An T Dao
- Department of PPS, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA
| | - Munder A Zagaar
- Texas Southern University Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Health Sciences Houston, TX 77004
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142
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Verge VMK, Andreassen CS, Arnason TG, Andersen H. Mechanisms of disease: role of neurotrophins in diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 126:443-60. [PMID: 25410238 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53480-4.00032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathy is an insidious and devastating consequence of diabetes. Early studies provided a strong rationale for deficient neurotrophin support in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy in a number of critical tissues and organs. It has now been over a decade since the first failed human neurotrophin supplementation clinical trials, but mounting evidence still implicates these trophic factors in diabetic neuropathy. Since then, tremendous advances have been made in our understanding of the complexities of neurotrophin signaling and processing and how the diabetic milieu might impact this. This in turn changes both our perception of how the altered trophic environment contributes to the etiology of diabetic neuropathy and the design of future neurotrophin therapeutic interventions. This chapter summarizes some of these findings and attempts to integrate neurotrophin actions on the nervous system with an increasing appreciation of their role in the regulation of metabolic processes in diabetes that impact the diabetic neuropathic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie M K Verge
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon City Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - Christer S Andreassen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Terra G Arnason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Henning Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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143
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Effect of fat free mass on serum and plasma BDNF concentrations during exercise and recovery in healthy young men. Neurosci Lett 2013; 560:137-41. [PMID: 24368215 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exercise results in release of brain derived neurotrophic factor into the circulation; however, little is known about the changes in serum and plasma brain derived neurotrophic factor concentrations and factors influencing brain derived neurotrophic factor during exercise and recovery. Serum (n=23) and plasma (n=10) brain derived neurotrophic factor concentrations were measured in healthy young men at rest, during steady-rate and after exercise to determine the maximum aerobic power. A two-way analysis of variance was used to investigate brain derived neurotrophic factor levels in blood during exercise and recovery, with one between-subject factor (a median split on: age, height, body mass, fat free mass, body mass index and aerobic fitness), and one within-subject factor (time). Serum brain derived neurotrophic factor concentrations increased in response to exercise and declined rapidly in recovery. Plasma brain derived neurotrophic factor had a greater proportional increase relative to exhaustive exercise compared with serum brain derived neurotrophic factor and was slower to return to near baseline values. There was a significant group-by-time interaction indicating a greater release and faster recovery for serum brain derived neurotrophic factor in high- compared with low-fat free mass individuals.
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144
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Neck cooling and cognitive performance following exercise-induced hyperthermia. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 114:375-84. [PMID: 24318656 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of neck cooling on cognitive performance following exertional hyperthermia. METHODS Twelve healthy men completed two experimental trials [control (CON) and neck cooling collar (NCC)] in a counter-balanced design. They ran on a treadmill at 70% VO2peak under warm and humid conditions (dry bulb temperature: 30.2 ± 0.3 °C, relative humidity: 71 ± 2 %) for 75 min or until volitional exhaustion. Gastrointestinal, neck and skin temperatures, heart rate and subjective ratings were assessed. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were measured before and after each run. Cognitive performance comprising symbol digit matching, search and memory, digit span, choice reaction time and psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) were assessed before and after exercise. RESULTS Mean gastrointestinal temperature was similar after exercise between trials (CON: 39.5 ± 0.4 °C vs. NCC: 39.6 ± 0.3 °C; p = 0.15). Mean neck temperature was lowered in NCC compared to CON after the run (36.4 ± 1.6 °C vs. NCC: 26.0 ± 0.3 °C; p < 0.001). Exercise-induced hyperthermia improved mean reaction time in the symbol digit matching test (-134 ± 154 ms; p < 0.05) and the PVT (-18 ± 30 ms; p < 0.05). Maximum span was increased in the digit span test (1 ± 2; p < 0.05). Application of NCC reduced the number of search errors made in level 3 of the search and memory test (p < 0.05). Mean serum BDNF levels were increased following exercise-induced hyperthermia in both trials (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Exercise-induced hyperthermia improves working memory and alertness. Neck cooling may only enhance performance in tasks of higher complexity.
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145
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Koo JH, Kwon IS, Kang EB, Lee CK, Lee NH, Kwon MG, Cho IH, Cho JY. Neuroprotective effects of treadmill exercise on BDNF and PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway in the cortex of transgenic mice model of Alzheimer's disease. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2013; 17:151-60. [PMID: 25566426 PMCID: PMC4241914 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2013.17.4.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(AD). Although physical exercise and AD have received attention in the scientific literature, the mechanism through which treadmill exercise may impact the brain insulin signaling of AD has not been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of treadmill exercise on apoptotic factors (Bcl-2/Bax ratio, caspase-3), HSP70, COX-2, BDNF and PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway in the cortex of NSE/hPS2m transgenic mice model of AD. Treadmill exercise ameliorated cognitive function in water maze test and significantly increased the level of Bcl-2/Bax ratio and HSP-70 in Tg-exe group compared to Tg-con group; on the other hand, it significantly decreased the expression of caspase-3 and COX-2 in Tg-exe group compared to Tg-con group. In addition, treadmill exercise significantly increased the expression of BDNF and PI3K/Akt in Tg-exe group compared to Tg-con group. Consequently, treadmill exercise improves cognitive function possibly via activating neurotrophic factor, BDNF and PI3k/Akt signaling pathway, and Aβ-induced neuronal cell death in the cortex of Tg mice was markedly suppressed following treadmill exercise. These results suggest that treadmill exercise may be beneficial in preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Koo
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Su Kwon
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Bum Kang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Kuk Lee
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Soon Chun Hyang University, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Lee
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Dan Kook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Geun Kwon
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Ho Cho
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon yong Cho
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body. Skeletal muscles are primarily characterized by their mechanical activity required for posture, movement, and breathing, which depends on muscle fiber contractions. However, skeletal muscle is not just a component in our locomotor system. Recent evidence has identified skeletal muscle as a secretory organ. We have suggested that cytokines and other peptides that are produced, expressed, and released by muscle fibers and exert either autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects should be classified as "myokines." The muscle secretome consists of several hundred secreted peptides. This finding provides a conceptual basis and a whole new paradigm for understanding how muscles communicate with other organs such as adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, bones, and brain. In addition, several myokines exert their effects within the muscle itself. Many proteins produced by skeletal muscle are dependent upon contraction. Therefore, it is likely that myokines may contribute in the mediation of the health benefits of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente K Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism at Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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147
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Fukushima A, Kinugawa S, Homma T, Masaki Y, Furihata T, Yokota T, Matsushima S, Abe T, Suga T, Takada S, Kadoguchi T, Katsuyama R, Oba K, Okita K, Tsutsui H. Decreased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are correlated with exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:e142-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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148
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Franco-Robles E, Campos-Cervantes A, Murillo-Ortiz BO, Segovia J, López-Briones S, Vergara P, Pérez-Vázquez V, Solís-Ortiz MS, Ramírez-Emiliano J. Effects of curcumin on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and oxidative damage in obesity and diabetes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 39:211-8. [PMID: 24476477 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of curcumin treatment on protein oxidation (PO), lipid peroxidation (LP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex (FC) of diabetic db/db mice (DM) and in sera of obese humans. Thus, DM were treated daily with 50 mg/kg of curcumin during an 8-week period. Obese human were treated daily with 500 and 750 mg of curcumin that was administered orally for 12 weeks; BDNF, PO and LP levels in sera were determined at in weeks 0, 2, 6 and 12 of treatment. BDNF levels decreased in hippocampus and FC of DM as compared with untreated wild-type mice. Curcumin improved or restored BDNF levels to normal levels in DM, but curcumin did not have any effect on BDNF levels in sera of obese humans. In hippocampus and FC of DM, hyperglycaemia and curcumin did not have effect on LP levels. Hyperglycaemia increased PO levels in hippocampus and FC, whereas curcumin decreased these levels in hippocampus but not in FC. In sera of obese humans, the 500-mg dose decreased LP levels in weeks 6 and 12 when compared with basal levels, but the 750-mg dose did not have any effect; both doses of curcumin decreased PO levels in weeks 2, 6 and 12 of treatment when compared with basal levels. Present results suggest a therapeutic potential of curcumin to decrease oxidation caused by obesity in humans and also show that curcumin restores BDNF levels in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Franco-Robles
- a Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Gto., México
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Bipyridine, an iron chelator, does not lessen intracerebral iron-induced damage or improve outcome after intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke in rats. Transl Stroke Res 2013; 4:719-28. [PMID: 24323426 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-013-0272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Iron chelators, such as the intracellular ferrous chelator 2,2'-bipyridine, are a potential means of ameliorating iron-induced injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We evaluated bipyridine against the collagenase and whole-blood ICH models and a simplified model of iron-induced damage involving a striatal injection of FeCl2 in adult rats. First, we assessed whether bipyridine (25 mg/kg beginning 12 h post-ICH and every 12 h for 3 days) would attenuate non-heme iron levels in the brain and lessen behavioral impairments (neurological deficit scale, corner turn test, and horizontal ladder) 7 days after collagenase-induced ICH. Second, we evaluated bipyridine (20 mg/kg beginning 6 h post-ICH and then every 24 h) on edema 3 days after collagenase infusion. Body temperature was continually recorded in a subset of these rats beginning 24 h prior to ICH until euthanasia. Third, bipyridine was administered (as per experiment 2) after whole-blood infusion to examine tissue loss, neuronal degeneration, and behavioral impairments at 7 days post-stroke, as well as body temperature for 3 days post-stroke. Finally, we evaluated whether bipyridine (25 mg/kg given 2 h prior to surgery and then every 12 h for 3 days) lessens tissue loss, neuronal death, and behavioral deficits after striatal FeCl2 injection. Bipyridine caused a significant hypothermic effect (maximum drop to 34.6 °C for 2-5 h after each injection) in both ICH models; however, in all experiments bipyridine-treated rats were indistinguishable from vehicle controls on all other measures (e.g., tissue loss, behavioral impairments, etc.). These results do not support the use of bipyridine against ICH.
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150
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Pereira DS, de Queiroz BZ, Miranda AS, Rocha NP, Felício DC, Mateo EC, Favero M, Coelho FM, Jesus-Moraleida F, Gomes Pereira DA, Teixeira AL, Máximo Pereira LS. Effects of Physical Exercise on Plasma Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Women—A Randomized Clinical Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013; 94:1443-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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