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María Fosch SE, Trossero ML, Grosso OA, Reyes AP, Cocucci SE, Payalef SN, Perazzi BE. Vaginal States: Detection of Conversion Processes in Women Using Contraception and Characterization of Vaginal Lactobacillus Species. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:e260122200531. [PMID: 35081896 DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220126154731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vaginal microenvironment, regulated by an immune system, can be protected or altered by many factors, including contraceptive methods. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of contraceptive methods on the basic vaginal states (BVSs) and to identify culturable vaginal Lactobacillus species. METHODS This is a prospective, consecutive, longitudinal, and descriptive study. The vaginal contents of 208 women were sampled prior to initiating contraception and six months later. The BVSs were established using the balance of vaginal content (BAVACO) methodology that evaluates microbiota and vaginal inflammatory reaction (VIR). Lactobacillus species were characterized by biochemical tests and mass spectrometry. The following contraceptive methods were evaluated: combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), condom (CON) and rhythm method (RHYT). McNemar's test was used. RESULTS Of the 208 women, 171 attended both examinations. In the COCP group (n=127), 83 vaginal contents maintained a normal microbiota, 1 sample became dysbiotic, and 37/43 dysbiotic microbiota samples reverted to normal (p<0.0001). A conversion to BVS with VIR was detected in the CON group (n=31) (p=0.001). The RHYT group (n=13) maintained its initial BVSs. The predominant Lactobacillus species found were L. crispatus and L. gasseri, with a trend toward a positive association between L. crispatus and COCP (OR=2.82; p=0.058). CONCLUSION Hormone administration corrected the dysbiosis and preserved a normal BVS. The CON increased the VIR. The protection of the microbiota observed in the rhythm method probably responds to a systemic hormonal influence. The trend toward a positive association between COCP and L. crispatus, with its protective properties, evidenced an effective hormonal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Elena María Fosch
- Agencia PROSAR Santa Fe Norte, Fundación Bioquímica Argentina, Viamonte 1167, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Servicio de Atención Médica de la Comunidad, Ministerio de Salud, 9 de Julio 254, Sa Pereira, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marta Lucia Trossero
- Servicio de Atención Médica de la Comunidad, Ministerio de Salud, 9 de Julio 254, Sa Pereira, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Omar Agustin Grosso
- Servicio de Atención Médica de la Comunidad, Ministerio de Salud, 9 de Julio 254, Sa Pereira, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Reyes
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Ema Cocucci
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Noemí Payalef
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Elizabeth Perazzi
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Le N, Cregger M, Brown V, Loret de Mola J, Bremer P, Nguyen L, Groesch K, Wilson T, Diaz-Sylvester P, Braundmeier-Fleming A. Association of microbial dynamics with urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites in patients with endometriosis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261362. [PMID: 34914785 PMCID: PMC8675749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen dependent gynecological disease associated with altered microbial phenotypes. The association among endogenous estrogen, estrogen metabolites, and microbial dynamics on disease pathogenesis has not been fully investigated. Here, we identified estrogen metabolites as well as microbial phenotypes in non-diseased patients (n = 9) and those with pathologically confirmed endometriosis (P-EOSIS, n = 20), on day of surgery (DOS) and ~1–3 weeks post-surgical intervention (PSI). Then, we examined the effects of surgical intervention with or without hormonal therapy (OCPs) on estrogen and microbial profiles of both study groups. For estrogen metabolism analysis, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify urinary estrogens. The microbiome data assessment was performed with Next generation sequencing to V4 region of 16S rRNA. Surgical intervention and hormonal therapy altered gastrointestinal (GI), urogenital (UG) microbiomes, urinary estrogen and estrogen metabolite levels in P-EOSIS. At DOS, 17β-estradiol was enhanced in P-EOSIS treated with OCPs. At PSI, 16-keto-17β-estradiol was increased in P-EOSIS not receiving OCPs while 2-hydroxyestradiol and 2-hydroxyestrone were decreased in P-EOSIS receiving OCPs. GI bacterial α-diversity was greater for controls and P-EOSIS that did not receive OCPs. P-EOSIS not utilizing OCPs exhibited a decrease in UG bacterial α-diversity and differences in dominant taxa, while P-EOSIS utilizing OCPs had an increase in UG bacterial α-diversity. P-EOSIS had a strong positive correlation between the GI/UG bacteria species and the concentrations of urinary estrogen and its metabolites. These results indicate an association between microbial dysbiosis and altered urinary estrogens in P-EOSIS, which may impact disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Le
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Melissa Cregger
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Veronica Brown
- Division of Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Julio Loret de Mola
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Pamela Bremer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lyn Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Groesch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Teresa Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Paula Diaz-Sylvester
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Andrea Braundmeier-Fleming
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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103
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Severgnini M, Camboni T, Ceccarani C, Morselli S, Cantiani A, Zagonari S, Patuelli G, Pedna MF, Sambri V, Foschi C, Consolandi C, Marangoni A. Distribution of ermB, ermF, tet(W), and tet(M) Resistance Genes in the Vaginal Ecosystem of Women during Pregnancy and Puerperium. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121546. [PMID: 34959501 PMCID: PMC8705968 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhabitants of the vaginal ecosystem can harbor genetic determinants conferring antimicrobial resistance. However, detailed data about the distribution of resistance genes in the vaginal microbiome of pregnant women are still lacking. Therefore, we assessed the presence of macrolide (i.e., erm genes) and tetracycline (i.e., tet genes) resistance markers in the vaginal environment of Caucasian women at different gestational ages. Furthermore, the detection of resistance genes was related to the composition of the vaginal microbiota. A total of 228 vaginal samples, collected at different trimesters of pregnancy or during the puerperium, were tested for the presence of ermB, ermF, tet(W), and tet(M) by in-house end-point PCR assays. The composition of the vaginal microbiota was assessed through a microscopic evaluation (i.e., Nugent score) and by means of sequencing V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16 rRNA gene. Overall, the most detected resistance gene was tet(M) (76.7%), followed by ermB (55.2%). In 17% of women, mainly with a ‘normal’ vaginal microbiota, no resistance genes were found. Except for tet(W), a significant correlation between the positivity of resistance genes and a dysbiotic vaginal status (i.e., bacterial vaginosis (BV)) was noticed. Indeed, samples positive for at least one resistance determinant were characterized by a decrease in Lactobacillus spp. and an increase of BV-related genera (Prevotella, Gardnerella, Atopobium, Sneathia). A high predominance of vaginal Lactobacillus spp. (>85%) was associated with a lower risk of tet(W) gene detection, whereas the presence of Megasphaera (>1%) increased the risk of positivity for all analyzed genes. Different types of vaginal microbiota are associated with peculiar resistance profiles, being a lactobacilli-dominated ecosystem poor in or free of resistance genes. These data could open new perspectives for promoting maternal and neonatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (M.S.); (T.C.); (C.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Tania Camboni
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (M.S.); (T.C.); (C.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Camilla Ceccarani
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (M.S.); (T.C.); (C.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Sara Morselli
- Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (S.M.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessia Cantiani
- Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (S.M.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Sara Zagonari
- Family Advisory Health Centres, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (S.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulia Patuelli
- Family Advisory Health Centres, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (S.Z.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Vittorio Sambri
- Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (S.M.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.M.)
- Unit of Microbiology, Greater Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47023 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Claudio Foschi
- Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (S.M.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0512144513
| | - Clarissa Consolandi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (M.S.); (T.C.); (C.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Antonella Marangoni
- Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (S.M.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.M.)
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104
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Gerson KD, Liao J, McCarthy C, Burris HH, Korem T, Levy M, Ravel J, Elovitz MA. A non-optimal cervicovaginal microbiota in pregnancy is associated with a distinct metabolomic signature among non-Hispanic Black individuals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22794. [PMID: 34815499 PMCID: PMC8611022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical and molecular processes of premature cervical remodeling preceding spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) likely result from interactions between the cervicovaginal microbiota and host immune responses. A non-optimal cervicovaginal microbiota confers increased risk of sPTB. The cervicovaginal space is metabolically active in pregancy; microbiota can produce, modify, and degrade metabolites within this ecosystem. We establish that cervicovaginal metabolomic output clusters by microbial community in pregnancy among Black individuals, revealing increased metabolism within the amino acid and dipeptide pathways as hallmarks of a non-optimal microbiota. Few differences were detected in metabolomic profiles when stratified by birth outcome. The study raises the possibility that metabolites could distinguish women with greater risk of sPTB among those with similar cervicovaginal microbiota, and that metabolites within the amino acid and carbohydrate pathways may play a role in this distinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin D Gerson
- Department of OB/GYN, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Biomedical Research Building II/III, 1351, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6160, USA.
| | - Jingqiu Liao
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Clare McCarthy
- Department of OB/GYN, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Biomedical Research Building II/III, 1351, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6160, USA
| | - Heather H Burris
- Department of OB/GYN, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Biomedical Research Building II/III, 1351, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6160, USA
| | - Tal Korem
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maayan Levy
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Michal A Elovitz
- Department of OB/GYN, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Biomedical Research Building II/III, 1351, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6160, USA
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105
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Fan Q, Wu Y, Li M, An F, Yao L, Wang M, Wang X, Yuan J, Jiang K, Li W, Li M. Lactobacillus spp. create a protective micro-ecological environment through regulating the core fucosylation of vaginal epithelial cells against cervical cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1094. [PMID: 34799549 PMCID: PMC8604912 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04388-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal dysbiosis often occurs in patients with cervical cancer. The fucosylation of mucosal epithelial cells is closely related to microbial colonization, and play an important role in protecting the vaginal mucosal epithelial cells. However, no reports on the relationship between vaginal dysbiosis and abnormal mucosal epithelial cell fucosylation, and their roles in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer are unavailable. Here we report that core fucosylation levels were significantly lower in the serum, exfoliated cervical cells and tumor tissue of cervical cancer patients. Core fucosyltransferase gene (Fut8) knockout promoted the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells. In patients with cervical cancer, the vaginal dysbiosis, and the abundance of Lactobacillus, especially L. iners, was significantly reduced. Meanwhile, the abundance of L.iners was positively correlated with core fucosylation levels. The L. iners metabolite lactate can activate the Wnt pathway through the lactate-Gpr81 complex, which increases the level of core fucosylation in epidermal cells, inhibiting the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells, and have application prospects in regulating the vaginal microecology and preventing cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Fan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanhang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mechou Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fan An
- The Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lulu Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meixian Wang
- The Reproductive and Genetics Center of Dalian Women and Children's Medical Center (Group), Dalian, China
| | - Xiuying Wang
- The Gynecology and Oncology Ward of Dalian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Jieli Yuan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Wenzhe Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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106
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Deka N, Hassan S, Seghal Kiran G, Selvin J. Insights into the role of vaginal microbiome in women's health. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:1071-1084. [PMID: 34763361 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The vaginal microbiome is a complex and dynamic microecosystem that fluctuates continually throughout a woman's life. Lactobacillus, a bacterium that possesses antibacterial properties dominates a healthy vaginal microbiome. Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal disorder that has been linked with the dysbiosis of normal vaginal microbiota. Despite the importance of vaginal microbiome, little is known about functions it performs especially, how it helps in protecting the female reproductive tract. This knowledge gap is a significant impediment to the development of effective and feasible clinical treatments that might be required to improve women's health. Thus, a deeper understanding of the functional aspects and not just the composition of vaginal microbiome may aid in improving the diagnostics and treatment strategies. Recent advancement in molecular methods and computational biology have allowed researchers to acquire more knowledge about the vaginal microbiome. The use of metagenomics (culture-independent high-throughput technology) and bioinformatics tools have improved our understanding of the vaginal microbiome. In this review, we have attempted to explore the factors that may alter normal vaginal microbiota homeostasis such as age, sexual behavior, ethnicity, and hygiene, and so forth. We also discuss the role of probiotics in restoring healthy vaginal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Deka
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Saqib Hassan
- Division of Non-Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India.,Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - George Seghal Kiran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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107
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Jašarević E, Hill EM, Kane PJ, Rutt L, Gyles T, Folts L, Rock KD, Howard CD, Morrison KE, Ravel J, Bale TL. The composition of human vaginal microbiota transferred at birth affects offspring health in a mouse model. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6289. [PMID: 34725359 PMCID: PMC8560944 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborns are colonized by maternal microbiota that is essential for offspring health and development. The composition of these pioneer communities exhibits individual differences, but the importance of this early-life heterogeneity to health outcomes is not understood. Here we validate a human microbiota-associated model in which fetal mice are cesarean delivered and gavaged with defined human vaginal microbial communities. This model replicates the inoculation that occurs during vaginal birth and reveals lasting effects on offspring metabolism, immunity, and the brain in a community-specific manner. This microbial effect is amplified by prior gestation in a maternal obesogenic or vaginal dysbiotic environment where placental and fetal ileum development are altered, and an augmented immune response increases rates of offspring mortality. Collectively, we describe a translationally relevant model to examine the defined role of specific human microbial communities on offspring health outcomes, and demonstrate that the prenatal environment dramatically shapes the postnatal response to inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldin Jašarević
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Hill
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Patrick J Kane
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lindsay Rutt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Trevonn Gyles
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lillian Folts
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kylie D Rock
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Christopher D Howard
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kathleen E Morrison
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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108
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Punzón-Jiménez P, Labarta E. The impact of the female genital tract microbiome in women health and reproduction: a review. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:2519-2541. [PMID: 34110573 PMCID: PMC8581090 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this review is to gather the available research focusing on female genital tract (FGT) microbiome. Research question focuses in decipher which is the role of FGT microbiota in eubiosis, assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs), and gynaecological disorders, and how microbiome could be utilised to improve reproduction outcomes and to treat fertility issues. METHODS PubMed was searched for articles in English from January 2004 to April 2021 for "genital tract microbiota and reproduction", "endometrial microbiome", "microbiome and reproduction" and "microbiota and infertility". Manual search of the references within the resulting articles was performed. RESULTS Current knowledge confirms predominance of Lactobacillus species, both in vagina and endometrium, whereas higher variability of species is both found in fallopian tubes and ovaries. Microbial signature linked to different disorders such endometriosis, bacterial vaginosis, and gynaecological cancers are described. Broadly, low variability of species and Lactobacillus abundance within the FGT is associated with better reproductive and ART outcomes. CONCLUSION Further research regarding FGT microbiome configuration needs to be done in order to establish a more precise link between microbiota and eubiosis or dysbiosis. Detection of bacterial species related with poor reproductive outcomes, infertility or gynaecological diseases could shape new tools for their diagnosis and treatment, as well as resources to assess the pregnancy prognosis based on endometrial microbiota. Data available suggest future research protocols should be standardised, and it needs to include the interplay among microbiome, virome and mycobiome, and the effect of antibiotics or probiotics on the microbiome shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Punzón-Jiménez
- IVI Global Education, Edificio Bipolo, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Torre A, Planta 1ª, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Elena Labarta
- IVIRMA Valencia, Plaza de la Policía Local, 3, 46015, Valencia, Spain
- IVI Foundation - IIS La Fe, Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Torre A, Planta 1ª, 46026, Valencia, Spain
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109
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Ho M, Moon D, Pires-Alves M, Thornton PD, McFarlin BL, Wilson BA. Recovery of microbial community profile information hidden in chimeric sequence reads. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5126-5139. [PMID: 34589188 PMCID: PMC8453192 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sample-dependent inconsistencies in PCR-based and metagenomic sequencing analyses. Caveats associated with contig-based assembly programs for microbiome studies. More sample diversity/complexity yields more chimeric reads from PCR amplification. BlastBin includes consideration of chimeric reads for assigning and counting taxa. BlastBin enables recovery of information lost due to chimera formation. BlastBin 16S rRNA profiles more closely resemble metagenomic read-based profiles.
The next frontier in the field of microbiome studies is identification of all microbes present in the microbiome and accurate determination of their abundance such that microbiome profiles can serve as reliable assessments of health or disease status. PCR-based 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenome shotgun sequencing technologies are the prevailing approaches used in microbiome analyses. Each poses a number of technical challenges associated with PCR amplification, sample availability, and cost of processing and analysis. In general, results from these two approaches rarely agree completely with each other. Here, we compare these methods utilizing a set of vaginal swab and lavage specimens from a cohort of 42 pregnant women collected for a pilot study exploring the effect of the vaginal microbiome on preterm birth. We generated the microbial community profiles from the sequencing reads of the V3V4 and V4V5 regions of the 16S rRNA gene in the vaginal swab and lavage samples. For a subset of the vaginal samples from 12 subjects, we also performed metagenomic shotgun sequencing analysis and compared the results obtained from the PCR-based sequencing methods. Our findings suggest that sample composition and complexity, particularly at the species level, are major factors that must be considered when analyzing and interpreting microbiome data. Our approach to sequence analysis includes consideration of chimeric reads, by using our chimera-counting BlastBin program, and enables recovery of microbial content information generated during PCR-based sequencing methods, such that the microbial profiles more closely resemble those obtained from metagenomic read-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Ho
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Damee Moon
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Melissa Pires-Alves
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Patrick D Thornton
- Department of Human Development Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Barbara L McFarlin
- Department of Human Development Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Brenda A Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
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110
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Yue C, Luo X, Ma X, Zhang D, Yan X, Deng Z, Li Y, Liu Y, An J, Fan X, Li L, Su X, Hou R, Cao S, Liu S. Contrasting Vaginal Bacterial Communities Between Estrus and Non-estrus of Giant Pandas ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:707548. [PMID: 34557168 PMCID: PMC8453077 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.707548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection and imbalance of bacterial community in the genitourinary system of giant panda could affect the reproductive health. In severe cases, it can also lead to abortion. In this study, 13 of vaginal secretions in the estrue (E) group and seven of vaginal secretions in the non-estrue (NE) group were used to study the composition and diversity of vaginal bacterial communities between estrus and non-estrus by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The results showed that the vaginal microbiome in giant pandas shared the same top five abundant species between estrus and non-estrus at the phylum level. However, the vaginal microbiome changed significantly during estrus at the genus level. In top 10 genera, the abundance of Escherichia, Streptococcus, and Bacteroides in the E group was significantly higher than that in the NE group (p<0.05); Azomonas, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Campylobacter, and Peptoniphilus in the NE group was significantly higher than that in the E group (p<0.05). The richness and diversity of vaginal microbiome in giant panda on estrus were significantly lower than those on non-estrus (p<0.05). It is noteworthy that the abundance of Streptococcus, Escherichia, and Bacteroides of vagina in giant pandas maintained low abundance in the daily. Whereas, they increased significantly during estrus period, which may play an important role in female giant pandas during estrus period. It was hypothesized that hormones may be responsible for the changes in the vaginal microbiome of giant pandas between estrus and no-estrus stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Yue
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Yan
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeshuai Deng
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunli Li
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhui An
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueyang Fan
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Li
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Su
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Songrui Liu
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
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111
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In vivo prophylactic efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri MT180537 against aerobic vaginitis. Microb Pathog 2021; 160:105197. [PMID: 34547410 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic vaginitis is a recently described vaginal infection that is treated with antibiotics, which cause undesirable effects leading to disturbance in normal vaginal flora and antibiotic resistance among pathogens. Probiotics may be considered as a natural alternative therapy. We investigated antagonistic and immunomodulatory potential of intravaginally administered probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri-MT180537 against vaginal colonization by Enterococcus faecalis-MW051601 in mice. In vitro antimicrobial potential of lactic acid bacteria was determined against major pathogens of aerobic vaginitis. Moreover, in vivo prophylactic efficacy of L. reuteri-MT180537 against E. faecalis-MW051601 induced AV, in β-estradiol immunosuppressed mice was determined for the first time. Lactic acid bacteria displayed antibacterial activity against pathogens with zone of inhibition (11.33-20.00 mm) and co-aggregation (40-67%). Animals receiving L. reuteri-MT180537 followed by E. faecalis-MW051601 challenge exhibited significant reduction in clinical index, vaginal bacterial load, and histopathological changes in vaginal tissues compared to animals receiving E. faecalis-MW051601 only. L. reuteri-MT180537 upregulated expression of anti-inflammatory (Foxp3, IFN-γ) cytokines and resulted in controlling E. faecalis-MW051601 induced over expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-1β) cytokines. Altogether, L. reuteri-MT180537 displayed antagonistic properties in vitro and prevented aerobic vaginitis by inhibiting the growth of E. faecalis-MW051601 and regulating expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mice.
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112
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Vajpeyee M, Yadav LB, Tiwari S, Tank P. To understand the reproductive tract microbiome associated with infertility through metagenomics analysis. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-021-00078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Knowledge of the microbiome is in its infancy in health and human illness, especially concerning human reproduction. We will be better able to treat dysbiosis of the reproductive tract clinically if it is better explained and understood. It has been shown that altered vaginal microbiota affects parturition, and its function is uncertain in assisted reproductive technologies. However, the effects of recognized microbes such as Mycoplasma tuberculosis, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are well established, resulting in subclinical changes which are considered to be risk factors for infertility and poor reproductive outcomes.
Main body
Recent studies indicate that the vaginal tract comprises several different organisms of the microbiome. Some microbiota can play an important role not only in the reproductive tract but also in overall health. The microbiome of the female reproductive tract has been identified mainly based on studies that examine vaginal samples across many reproductive technologies, using a metagenomics approach.
Conclusion
Alteration of reproductive tract microbiota or presence of certain microbiota irrespective of the level of pathogenicity may interfere with fertilization, implantation, and subsequent embryo development. This may lead to failed fertility treatments and reduced live birth rate (LBR).
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Dall'Asta M, Laghi L, Morselli S, Re MC, Zagonari S, Patuelli G, Foschi C, Pedna MF, Sambri V, Marangoni A, Danesi F. Pre-Pregnancy Diet and Vaginal Environment in Caucasian Pregnant Women: An Exploratory Study. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:702370. [PMID: 34395531 PMCID: PMC8356051 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.702370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaginal microbes and their metabolic products have crucial functions, affecting local immunity development and maternal-fetal health. The composition of the vaginal microbiome can vary in response to various factors, including body mass index (BMI), and diet. In this study we get new insights into the vaginal ecosystem of Caucasian women (n = 24) at the first trimester of pregnancy, assessing whether pre-pregnancy diet can affect the structure of the vaginal environment in terms of bacterial composition and vaginal metabolite concentration. We characterized 1) the vaginal bacterial composition (Nugent score), 2) the vaginal metabolic profiles (1H-NMR spectroscopy), and 3) the dietary nutrient intake by means of a validated food frequency questionnaire. Pre-pregnancy BMI was negatively related to vaginal health status, indicating that women who begin pregnancy overweight/obese have a greater occurrence of vaginal dysbiosis during pregnancy. A lactobacilli-dominated vaginal microbiota was negatively associated with higher pre-pregnancy intake of animal-sourced protein. Conversely, a higher pre-pregnancy consumption of total carbohydrates and sugars seemed to be a protective factor for vaginal health. The vaginal environment of BV-women was characterized by higher levels of biogenic amines and organic acids, whereas higher levels of phenylpropionate and diverse amino acids were fingerprints of a healthy vaginal status. A significant association between a higher pre-pregnancy BMI and several dysbiosis-related vaginal metabolites was also found. Our study shed light on the role of pre-pregnancy BMI and diet on the vaginal environment during pregnancy, underlining the importance of limiting protein intake from animal foods to maintain a healthy lactobacilli-dominated microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Dall'Asta
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luca Laghi
- Centre of Foodomics, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research (CIRI Agrifood), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Sara Morselli
- Unit of Microbiology (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Re
- Unit of Microbiology (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Foschi
- Unit of Microbiology (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Sambri
- Unit of Microbiology, Greater Romagna Hub Laboratory, Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Danesi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research (CIRI Agrifood), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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114
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Boyd Tressler A, Markwei M, Fortin C, Yao M, Procop GW, Soper DE, Goje O. Risks for Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Caused by Non-Albicans Candida Versus Candida Albicans. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:1588-1596. [PMID: 34292794 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most common vulvovaginitis (VV). About 20% of women will experience recurrent infections in their lifetime with non-albicans Candida (NAC) species being one of the causative agents. Although studies have looked at risk factors for recurrent VVC they are limited in scope. In this study, we explore whether risks of recurrent VVC are increased with NAC infections compared to Candida albicans infections. Methods: Through an institutional review board-approved retrospective chart review, we identified 174 women with positive yeast cultures and followed their charts to assess recurrent visits and treatments. We also assessed several baseline variables such as race, age, body mass index (BMI), obstetric history, probiotic use, contraceptive use, mycological therapy, steroid use, hormone replacement therapy, menopausal status, and medical comorbidities. Results: Women with NAC VV were more likely to have multiple visits for recurring infections compared to women who had C. albicans VV (66% vs. 34%). The women with multiple recurrences were younger, had a lower BMI, had lower parity, and endorsed higher use of probiotics. Conclusion: Women with positive NAC cultures were more likely to have multiple visits to their physicians for VV complaints. Identifying the causative species using vaginal fungal cultures can more accurately guide therapy and lead to better outcomes for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Boyd Tressler
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Metabel Markwei
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chelsea Fortin
- OBGYN and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Meng Yao
- OBGYN and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gary W Procop
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David E Soper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Oluwatosin Goje
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,OBGYN and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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115
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Abstract
The influence of human genetic variants on the vaginal bacterial traits (VBTs) of pregnant women is still unknown. Using a genome-wide association approach based on the 16S rRNA bacteriome analysis, a total of 72 host genetic variant (single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs], indels, or copy number variations [CNVs])-VBT associations were found that reached the genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10-8) with an acceptable genomic inflation factor λ of <1.1. The majority of these SNPs that reached the genome-wide significance level had a relatively low minor allele frequency (MAF), and only seven of them had MAFs greater than 0.05. rs303212, located at the IFIT1 gene on chromosome 10, was the most eye-catching variant, which had a genome-wide association with the relative abundance (RAB) of Actinobacteria and Bifidobacteriaceae and also had a suggestive association with the RAB of a few common vaginal bacteria including Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, Lactobacillus, and Gardnerella vaginalis and the beta diversity weighted UniFrac (P < 1 × 10-5). The findings of the study suggest that the vaginal bacteriome may be influenced by a number of genetic variants across the human genome and that interferon signaling may have an important influence on vaginal bacterial communities during pregnancy. IMPORTANCE Knowledge about the influence of host genetics on the vaginal bacteriome in pregnancy is still limited. Although a number of environmental and behavioral factors may exert influences on the structure of vaginal bacterial communities, the vaginal bacteriome often undergoes a relatively fixed transition to a more stable and less diverse state as the menstrual cycle stops, which raises questions on the effects of human genetics. We utilized a genome-wide approach to identify the associations between genetic variants and multiple VBTs and performed enrichment analyses. The human genetics during pregnancy may be involved in multiple pathways. The results may disclose innate functional factors involved in shaping the vaginal bacteriome during pregnancy and provide insight into the establishment of specific strategies for prevention and clinical treatment of pregnancy complications.
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116
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Ruan XF, Zhang YX, Chen S, Liu XR, Zhu FF, Huang YX, Liu XJ, Luo SP, Deng GP, Gao J. Non- Lactobacillus-Dominated Vaginal Microbiota Is Associated With a Tubal Pregnancy in Symptomatic Chinese Women in the Early Stage of Pregnancy: A Nested Case-Control Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:659505. [PMID: 34307190 PMCID: PMC8294389 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.659505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The features of the vaginal microbiota (VM) community can reflect health status, and they could become new biomarkers for disease diagnosis. During pregnancy, domination of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus in the VM community is regarded as a keystone because they stabilize the VM by producing antimicrobial compounds and competing adhesion. An altered VM composition provides a marker for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This nested case–control study aimed to characterize the VM in women with a tubal pregnancy (TP) presenting with pain and/or uterine bleeding in early pregnancy. Chinese women with a symptomatic early pregnancy of unknown location were the study cohort. 16S rDNA gene-sequencing of V3–V4 variable regions was done to assess the diversity, structures, taxonomic biomarkers, and classification of the VM community. The primary outcome was the location of the early pregnancy. The VM community in women with a TP showed higher diversity (PD-whole-tree, median: 8.26 vs. 7.08, P = 0.047; Shannon Diversity Index, median: 1.43 vs 0.99, P = 0.03) and showed different structures to those in women with an intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) (R = 0.23, P < 0.01). Bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus were significantly enriched in the IUP group, whereas bacteria of the genera Gardnerella and Prevotella were significantly enriched in the TP group. Lactobacillus abundance could be used to classify the pregnancy location (AUC = 0.81). Non-Lactobacillus-dominated microbiota (≤ 0.85% Lactobacillus) was significantly associated with a TP (adjusted odds ratio: 4.42, 95% confidence interval: 1.33 to 14.71, P = 0.02). In conclusion, among women with a symptomatic early pregnancy, a higher diversity and lower abundance of Lactobacillus in the VM is associated with a TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Ruan
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhu
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Xi Huang
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Liu
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song-Ping Luo
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gao-Pi Deng
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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117
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das Neves Selis N, de Oliveira HBM, Leão HF, Dos Anjos YB, Sampaio BA, Correia TML, Almeida CF, Pena LSC, Reis MM, Brito TLS, Brito LF, Campos GB, Timenetsky J, Cruz MP, Rezende RP, Romano CC, da Costa AM, Yatsuda R, Uetanabaro APT, Marques LM. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains isolated from spontaneously fermented cocoa exhibit potential probiotic properties against Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:198. [PMID: 34187371 PMCID: PMC8243870 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotics are important tools in therapies against vaginal infections and can assist traditional antibiotic therapies in restoring healthy microbiota. Recent research has shown that microorganisms belonging to the genus Lactobacillus have probiotic potential. Thus, this study evaluated the potential in vitro probiotic properties of three strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, isolated during the fermentation of high-quality cocoa, against Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Strains were evaluated for their physiological, safety, and antimicrobial characteristics. Results The hydrophobicity of L. plantarum strains varied from 26.67 to 91.67%, and their autoaggregation varied from 18.10 to 30.64%. The co-aggregation of L. plantarum strains with G. vaginalis ranged from 14.73 to 16.31%, and from 29.14 to 45.76% with N. gonorrhoeae. All L. plantarum strains could moderately or strongly produce biofilms. L. plantarum strains did not show haemolytic activity and were generally sensitive to the tested antimicrobials. All lactobacillus strains were tolerant to heat and pH resistance tests. All three strains of L. plantarum showed antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. The coincubation of L. plantarum strains with pathogens showed that the culture pH remained below 4.5 after 24 h. All cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) demonstrated activity against the two pathogens tested, and all L. plantarum strains produced hydrogen peroxide. CFCS characterisation in conjunction with gas chromatography revealed that organic acids, especially lactic acid, were responsible for the antimicrobial activity against the pathogens evaluated. Conclusion The three strains of L. plantarum presented significant probiotic characteristics against the two pathogens of clinical importance. In vitro screening identified strong probiotic candidates for in vivo studies for the treatment of vaginal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan das Neves Selis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Hellen Braga Martins de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Hiago Ferreira Leão
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Yan Bento Dos Anjos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Almeida Sampaio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Thiago Macêdo Lopes Correia
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Carolline Florentino Almeida
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Larissa Silva Carvalho Pena
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Mariane Mares Reis
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Thamara Louisy Santos Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Laís Ferraz Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Barreto Campos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2415, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariluze Peixoto Cruz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Rachel Passos Rezende
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Romano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Andréa Miura da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia da Agroindústria, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Regiane Yatsuda
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Trovatti Uetanabaro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia da Agroindústria, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil. .,Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil.
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Whitney BM, Srinivasan S, Tapia K, Muriuki EM, Chohan BH, Wallis JM, Liu C, Guthrie BL, McClelland RS, Hoffman NG, Fredricks DN, Roxby AC. Influence of Intramuscular Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Initiation on Vaginal Microbiota in the Postpartum Period. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:e1093-e1102. [PMID: 33354707 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vaginal microbiome plays a key role in women's reproductive health. Use of exogenous hormones, such as intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM), may alter the composition of vaginal bacterial community. METHODS Vaginal swab samples were collected from postpartum Kenyan women initiating DMPA-IM or nonhormonal contraception (non-HC). Bacterial vaginosis was assessed by Nugent score (Nugent-BV) and bacterial community composition was evaluated using broad-range 16S ribosomal RNA gene polymerase chain reaction with high-throughput sequencing. Changes in Nugent score, alpha diversity (Shannon diversity index), and total bacterial load between contraceptive groups from enrollment to 3 months after initiation were estimated using multivariable linear mixed effects regression. RESULTS Among 54 human immunodeficiency virus-negative women, 33 choosing DMPA-IM and 21 choosing non-HC, Nugent-BV was more common among DMPA-IM users at enrollment. At follow-up, Nugent score had decreased significantly among DMPA-IM users (change, -1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.53 to -.25; P = .02) while alpha diversity remained stable (0.03; -.24 to .30; P = .83). Conversely, Nugent score remained relatively stable among non-HC users (change, -0.73; 95% CI, -2.18 to .73; P = .33) while alpha diversity decreased (-0.34; -.67 to -.001; P = .05). The total bacterial load decreased slightly in DMPA-IM users and increased slightly among non-HC users, resulting in a significant difference in change between the contraceptive groups (difference, -0.64 log10 gene copies per swab sample; 95% CI, -1.19 to -.08; P = .02). While significant changes in Nugent score and alpha diversity were observed within contraceptive groups, changes between groups were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Postpartum vaginal bacterial diversity did not change in DMPA-IM users despite a reduction in Nugent-BV, but it decreased significantly among women using non-HC. Choice of contraception may influence Lactobacillus recovery in postpartum women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M Whitney
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sujatha Srinivasan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kenneth Tapia
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric Munene Muriuki
- Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (UNITID), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bhavna H Chohan
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, and Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jacqueline M Wallis
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Congzhou Liu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brandon L Guthrie
- Department of Global Health and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - R Scott McClelland
- Department of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Noah G Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David N Fredricks
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alison C Roxby
- Department of Medicine and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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119
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Han Y, Liu Z, Chen T. Role of Vaginal Microbiota Dysbiosis in Gynecological Diseases and the Potential Interventions. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:643422. [PMID: 34220737 PMCID: PMC8249587 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.643422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaginal microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by the loss of Lactobacillus dominance and increase of microbial diversity, is closely related to gynecological diseases; thus, intervention on microbiota composition is significant and promising in the treatment of gynecological diseases. Currently, antibiotics and/or probiotics are the mainstay of treatment, which show favorable therapeutic effects but also bring problems such as drug resistance and high recurrence. In this review, we discuss the role of vaginal microbiota dysbiosis in various gynecological infectious and non-infectious diseases, as well as the current and potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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120
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Lagenaur LA, Hemmerling A, Chiu C, Miller S, Lee PP, Cohen CR, Parks TP. Connecting the Dots: Translating the Vaginal Microbiome Into a Drug. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:S296-S306. [PMID: 33330916 PMCID: PMC8502429 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota (VMB) has been associated with health and considered an important host defense mechanism against urogenital infections. Conversely, depletion of lactobacilli and increased microbial diversity, amplifies the risk of adverse gynecologic and obstetric outcomes. A common clinical condition that exemplifies dysbiosis is bacterial vaginosis (BV). BV is currently treated with antibiotics, but frequently recurs, due in part to persistent dysbiosis and failure of lactobacilli to repopulate the vagina. New treatment options are needed to address BV. The VMB is relatively simple and optimally dominated by one or several species of Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus crispatus is strongly associated with vaginal health and depleted in dysbiosis. Replenishing the dysbiotic VMB with protective L. crispatus CTV-05 is a promising approach to prevent recurrent infections and improve women's health. Here we discuss confirmation of this approach with the microbiome-based biologic drug, LACTIN-V (L. crispatus CTV-05), focusing on prevention of BV recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anke Hemmerling
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Charles Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steve Miller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Craig R Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Nuzzo A, Van Horn S, Traini C, Perry CR, Dumont EF, Scangarella-Oman NE, Gardiner DF, Brown JR. Microbiome recovery in adult females with uncomplicated urinary tract infections in a randomised phase 2A trial of the novel antibiotic gepotidacin (GSK140944). BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:181. [PMID: 34130619 PMCID: PMC8207760 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing concerns about the impact of frequent antibiotic usage on the human microbiome, it is important to characterize the potential for such effects in early antibiotic drug development clinical trials. In a randomised Phase 2a clinical trial study that evaluated the pharmacokinetics of repeated oral doses of gepotidacin, a first-in-chemical-class triazaacenaphthylene antibiotic with a distinct mechanism of action, in adult females with uncomplicated urinary tract infections for gepotidacin (GSK2140944) we evaluated the potential changes in microbiome composition across multiple time points and body-sites ( ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT03568942). RESULTS Samples of gastrointestinal tract (GIT), pharyngeal cavity and vaginal microbiota were collected with consent from 22 patients at three time points relative to the gepotidacin dosing regimen; Day 1 (pre-dose), Day 5 (end of dosing) and Follow-up (Day 28 ± 3 days). Microbiota composition was determined by DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA gene variable region 4 amplicons. By Day 5, significant changes were observed in the microbiome diversity relative to pre-dose across the tested body-sites. However, by the Follow-up visit, microbiome diversity changes were reverted to compositions comparable to Day 1. The greatest range of microbiome changes by body-site were GIT followed by the pharyngeal cavity then vagina. In Follow-up visit samples we found no statistically significant occurrences of pathogenic taxa. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that gepotidacin alteration of the human microbiome after 5 days of dosing is temporary and rebound to pre-dosing states is evident within the first month post-treatment. We recommend that future antibiotic drug trials include similar exploratory investigations into the duration and context of microbiome modification and recovery. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03568942 . Registered 26 June 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nuzzo
- Human Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James R. Brown
- Human Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Collegeville, PA USA
- Present Address: Kaleido Biosciences, 65 Hayden Avenue, Lexington, MA 02421 USA
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Ardizzoni A, Wheeler RT, Pericolini E. It Takes Two to Tango: How a Dysregulation of the Innate Immunity, Coupled With Candida Virulence, Triggers VVC Onset. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:692491. [PMID: 34163460 PMCID: PMC8215348 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.692491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a symptomatic inflammation of the vagina mainly caused by C. albicans. Other species, such as C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei, are mainly associated to the recurrent form of the disease (RVVC), although with a lower frequency. In its yeast form, C. albicans is tolerated by the vaginal epithelium, but switching to the invasive hyphal form, co-regulated with the expression of genes encoding virulence factors such as secreted aspartyl proteases (Sap) and candidalysin, allows for tissue damage. Vaginal epithelial cells play an important role by impairing C. albicans tissue invasion through several mechanisms such as epithelial shedding, secretion of mucin and strong interepithelial cell connections. However, morphotype switching coupled to increasing of the fungal burden can overcome the tolerance threshold and trigger an intense inflammatory response. Pathological inflammation is believed to be facilitated by an altered vaginal microbiome, i.e., Lactobacillus dysbiosis. Notwithstanding the damage caused by the fungus itself, the host response to the fungus plays an important role in the onset of VVC, exacerbating fungal-mediated damage. This response can be triggered by host PRR-fungal PAMP interaction and other more complex mechanisms (i.e., Sap-mediated NLRP3 activation and candidalysin), ultimately leading to strong neutrophil recruitment. However, recruited neutrophils appear to be ineffective at reducing fungal burden and invasion; therefore, they seem to contribute more to the symptoms associated with vaginitis than to protection against the disease. Recently, two aspects of the vulvovaginal environment have been found to associate with VVC and induce neutrophil anergy in vitro: perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) and heparan sulfate. Interestingly, CAGTA antibodies have also been found with higher frequency in VVC as compared to asymptomatic colonized women. This review highlights and discusses recent advances on understanding the VVC pathogenesis mechanisms as well as the role of host defenses during the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Robert T Wheeler
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Eva Pericolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Graduate School of Microbiology and Virology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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123
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Marangoni A, Laghi L, Zagonari S, Patuelli G, Zhu C, Foschi C, Morselli S, Pedna MF, Sambri V. New Insights into Vaginal Environment During Pregnancy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:656844. [PMID: 34079816 PMCID: PMC8165225 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.656844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the vaginal ecosystem undergoes marked changes, including a significant enrichment with Lactobacillus spp. and profound alterations in metabolic profiles. A deep comprehension of the vaginal environment may shed light on the physiology of pregnancy and may provide novel biomarkers to identify subjects at risk of complications (e.g., miscarriage, preterm birth). In this study, we characterized the vaginal ecosystem in Caucasian women with a normal pregnancy (n = 64) at three different gestational ages (i.e., first, second and third trimester) and in subjects (n = 10) suffering a spontaneous first trimester miscarriage. We assessed the vaginal bacterial composition (Nugent score), the vaginal metabolic profiles (1H-NMR spectroscopy) and the vaginal levels of two cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). Throughout pregnancy, the vaginal microbiota became less diverse, being mainly dominated by lactobacilli. This shift was clearly associated with marked changes in the vaginal metabolome: over the weeks, a progressive reduction in the levels of dysbiosis-associated metabolites (e.g., biogenic amines, alcohols, propionate, acetate) was observed. At the same time, several metabolites, typically found in healthy vaginal conditions, reached the highest concentrations at the end of pregnancy (e.g., lactate, glycine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine). Lower levels of glucose were an additional fingerprint of a normal vaginal environment. The vaginal levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly associated with the number of vaginal leukocytes, as well as with the presence of vaginal symptoms, but not with a condition of dysbiosis. Moreover, IL-8 concentration seemed to be a good predictor of the presence of vaginal Candida spp. Cytokine concentrations were negatively correlated to lactate, serine, and glycine concentrations, whereas the levels of 4-hydroxyphenyllactate, glucose, O-acetylcholine, and choline were positively correlated with Candida vaginal loads. Finally, we found that most cases of spontaneous abortion were associated with an abnormal vaginal microbiome, with higher levels of selected metabolites in the vaginal environment (e.g., inosine, fumarate, xanthine, benzoate, ascorbate). No association with higher pro-inflammatory cytokines was found. In conclusion, our analysis provides new insights into the pathophysiology of pregnancy and highlights potential biomarkers to enable the diagnosis of early pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Laghi
- Centre of Foodomics, Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | | | | | - Chenglin Zhu
- Centre of Foodomics, Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Claudio Foschi
- Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Morselli
- Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Sambri
- Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Unit of Microbiology, Greater Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina, Italy
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124
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Liu X, Cao Y, Xie X, Qin X, He X, Shi C, Zeng W, Guo Y, Lin Y. Association between vaginal microbiota and risk of early pregnancy miscarriage. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 77:101669. [PMID: 34116388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 15 % of clinically recognized pregnancies end in miscarriage. To explore the vaginal microbiota profile in women diagnosed with early pregnancy miscarriage (including missed miscarriage [M] or empty-sac miscarriage [E]), the microbial community structure in vaginal fluid was evaluated by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V4 region and compared with that in women with normal pregnancy (P). Taxa identified in samples from the P, E, and M groups formed distinct clusters. The M group had the highest bacterial species richness and diversity, with lower Lactobacillus levels and higher Bacteroides, Halomonas, Miscellaneous-Crenarchaeota, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Escherichia/Shigella, and Acetobacter levels than in the other two groups. The vaginal community-state types differed significantly among the three groups (P = 0.02) but were similar between the P and E groups (P = 0.21). Moreover, we identified an optimal marker set composed of 12 operational taxonomic units based on a random forest model that distinguished the M and P groups, with areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 86.76 % and 93.33 % in the training and test groups, respectively. In conclusion, this study highlights that patients with early pregnancy miscarriage had a significantly different vaginal microbiota profile. Microbial markers analyzed by RT-qPCR may be applied for the etiological diagnosis of miscarriage. Further studies should be performed to elucidate the possible mechanism of special strains affecting miscarriage during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yunyun Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xianjing Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weihong Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yuna Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yi Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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125
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Chao X, Liu Y, Fan Q, Shi H, Wang S, Lang J. The role of the vaginal microbiome in distinguishing female chronic pelvic pain caused by endometriosis/adenomyosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:771. [PMID: 34268384 PMCID: PMC8246188 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the specific vaginal microbiome in the differential diagnosis of endometriosis/adenomyosis (EM/AM)-associated chronic pelvic pain (CPP) from other types of CPP, and to explore the role of the vaginal microbiome in the mechanism of EM/AM-associated CPP. Methods We recruited 37 women with EM/AM-associated CPP, 25 women with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) without EM/AM, and 66 women without CPPS into our study. All of the participants were free from human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Sequencing of barcoded 16S rRNA gene fragments (V4) was used to determine the vaginal microbiome composition on the Illumina HiSeq2500 System. Taxonomic and functional bioinformatics analyses were performed using t-test, linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), MetaStat, and PICRUSt algorithms. Results At the species level, EM/AM-associated CPP was found to be associated with a predominance of Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium disporicum, Alloscardovia omnicolens, and Veillonella montpellierensis, and a concomitant paucity of Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus iners. When the relative abundance of Clostridium disporicum was over 0.001105% and that of Lactobacillus reuteri was under 0.1911349%, the differential diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 81.08% and 52.0%, respectively. When serum CA125 was combined, the sensitivity increased to 89.19%, but the specificity remained at 52.0%. The PICRUSt results identified 7 differentially regulated pathways within the 3 groups that may be of relevance. Conclusions Compared to that of CPPS patients without EM/AM and women without CPPS, the vaginal microbiome of patients with EM/AM-associated CPP shows significantly higher alpha (phylogenetic) diversity, as well as higher counts of Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium disporicum, Alloscardovia omnicolens, and Veillonella montpellierensis. These differences in the vaginal microbiome may interfere with local functional pathways, which could provide a direction for innovative metabolite-specific targeted treatment. The combination of vaginal biomarkers and serum CA125 may provide an original method to differentiate EM/AM-associated CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbo Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Honghui Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghe Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
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126
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Mahdavinezhad F, Gharaei R, Farmani AR, Hashemi F, Kouhestani M, Amidi F. The Potential Relationship Between Different Human Female Reproductive Disorders and Sperm Quality in Female Genital Tract. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:695-710. [PMID: 33852138 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Spermatozoa should travel throughout the female reproductive tract to reach its ultimate goal, fertilization of the oocyte. At the ejaculation moment, millions of sperm within a few milliliters of the ejaculate are deposited at the cranial segment of vagina and make their journey to the fertilization site. This is done by means of various factors, such as sperm motility, the uterine and fallopian tubes contractility, and the ciliary movement of the lining cells. During this migration, spermatozoa interact with the female microenvironment both physically and molecularly. In this regard, the quality of the environmental conditions may affect this interaction. Therefore, some alterations in women's genital tract microenvironment, such as conditions that occur in female reproductive disorders, may have detrimental effects on sperm reproductive function. In this review, human sperm migration through the female tract is described, and the potential effects of different reproductive disorders at reproductive organs, such as vagina, uterine cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovary on sperm survival and quality, are also argued. The understanding of those conditions that may impair sperm fertility in the female genital tract can provide a more accurate diagnosis of the causes of infertility in couples. This can ultimately lead to the discovery of effective treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Mahdavinezhad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghaye Gharaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Farmani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Hashemi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kouhestani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kilis-Pstrusinska K, Rogowski A, Bienkowski P. Bacterial Colonization as a Possible Source of Overactive Bladder Symptoms in Pediatric Patients: A Literature Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081645. [PMID: 33924301 PMCID: PMC8069148 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overactive Bladder (OAB) is a common condition that is known to have a significant impact on daily activities and quality of life. The pathophysiology of OAB is not completely understood. One of the new hypothetical causative factors of OAB is dysbiosis of an individual urinary microbiome. The major aim of the present review was to identify data supporting the role of bacterial colonization in overactive bladder symptoms in children and adolescents. The second aim of our study was to identify the major gaps in current knowledge and possible areas for future clinical research. There is a growing body of evidence indicating some relationship between qualitative and quantitative characteristics of individual urinary microbiome and OAB symptoms in adult patients. There are no papers directly addressing this issue in children or adolescents. After a detailed analysis of papers relating urinary microbiome to OAB, the authors propose a set of future preclinical and clinical studies which could help to validate the concept in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kilis-Pstrusinska
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-7364400; Fax: +48-71-7364409
| | - Artur Rogowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Collegium Medicum, Kazimierza Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mother and Child Institute, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bienkowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland;
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Scillato M, Spitale A, Mongelli G, Privitera GF, Mangano K, Cianci A, Stefani S, Santagati M. Antimicrobial properties of Lactobacillus cell-free supernatants against multidrug-resistant urogenital pathogens. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1173. [PMID: 33970542 PMCID: PMC8483400 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The healthy vaginal microbiota is dominated by Lactobacillus spp., which provide an important critical line of defense against pathogens, as well as giving beneficial effects to the host. We characterized L. gasseri 1A‐TV, L. fermentum 18A‐TV, and L. crispatus 35A‐TV, from the vaginal microbiota of healthy premenopausal women, for their potential probiotic activities. The antimicrobial effects of the 3 strains and their combination against clinical urogenital bacteria were evaluated together with the activities of their metabolites produced by cell‐free supernatants (CFSs). Their beneficial properties in terms of ability to interfere with vaginal pathogens (co‐aggregation, adhesion to HeLa cells, biofilm formation) and antimicrobial activity mediated by CFSs were assessed against multidrug urogenital pathogens (S. agalactiae, E. coli, KPC‐producing K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, E. faecium VRE, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, C. albicans, C. glabrata). The Lactobacilli tested exhibited an extraordinary ability to interfere and co‐aggregate with urogenital pathogens, except for Candida spp., as well as to adhere to HeLa cells and to produce biofilm in the Lactobacillus combination. Lactobacillus CFSs and their combination revealed a strong bactericidal effect on the multidrug resistant indicator strains tested, except for E. faecium and E. faecalis. The antimicrobial activity was maintained after heat treatment but decreased after enzymatic treatment. All Lactobacilli showed lactic dehydrogenase activity and production of D‐ and L‐lactic acid isomers on Lactobacillus CFSs, while only 1A‐TV and 35A‐TV released hydrogen peroxide and carried helveticin J and acidocin A bacteriocins. These results suggest that they can be employed as a new vaginal probiotic formulation and bio‐therapeutic preparation against urogenital infections. Further, in vivo studies are needed to evaluate human health benefits in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Scillato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ambra Spitale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gino Mongelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Grete Francesca Privitera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Katia Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinical, and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Cianci
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Stefani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Santagati
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Fan C, Dai Y, Zhang L, Rui C, Wang X, Luan T, Fan Y, Dong Z, Hou W, Li P, Liao Q, Zeng X. Aerobic Vaginitis Induced by Escherichia coli Infection During Pregnancy Can Result in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Through the IL-4/JAK-1/STAT-6 Pathway. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:651426. [PMID: 33897665 PMCID: PMC8058192 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.651426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic vaginitis (AV) can occur if normal vaginal microflora are dominated by aerobic bacteria, seriously affects not only female health, but also fetal health while they are pregnant. Besides, pregnant status also aggravates the symptoms and consequences of the infection. Here, we infected pregnant BALB/c mice with Escherichia coli on embryonic day 4.5 (E4.5) (study group), and administered an equivalent volume of phosphate-buffered saline in another cohort of pregnant mice (control group). We recorded the weight of pregnant mice and their fetuses. The maternal and fetal weight of the study group decreased in comparison with that of the control group, whereas the weight of placenta increased in the study group. Then, five genes with significant upregulation and 15 genes with downregulation were screened. Expression of interleukin 4 (IL-4) mRNA in the study group decreased to 18.5%. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed IL-4 expression in mouse plasma declined in the study group at E11.5 and E18.5. mRNA expression of chemokine (c-c motif) ligand (CCL)-17, CCL-22, CCL-24, IL-4, Janus Kinase (JAK)-1, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-6, and GATA-3 showed significant downregulation in placental and uterine tissues. Flow cytometry of primary decidual macrophages (DMs) revealed more M1-like macrophages in the study group. And after addition of IL-4 to DMs, more M1 macrophages polarized to M2 type macrophages. We did not discover bacteria existed in mouse placentas. Our study affords a feasible method for exploring and managing AV during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Fan
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Youjin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Model Animal Research, Animal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Can Rui
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Luan
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuru Fan
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyong Dong
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Hou
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinping Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
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D'Alterio MN, Giuliani C, Scicchitano F, Laganà AS, Oltolina NM, Sorrentino F, Nappi L, Orrù G, Angioni S. Possible role of microbiome in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2021; 73:193-214. [PMID: 33851803 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-606x.21.04788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is an urgent necessity to explore the complex pathophysiological nature of endometriosis, which may enable the rationale for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to be discovered. This systematic review aimed to clarify the bidirectional relationship between endometriosis and the microbiome and evaluate if the microbiome may be involved in endometriosis's pathogenesis, establishing a potential connection between the different studies. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Studies were identified through a systematic literature search of papers that evaluated the microbiomes of human or other animal species with endometriosis and of those without in the electronic database PubMed/Medline, and Embase without a date restriction. We included all cohort studies focusing on the interaction between endometriosis and the microbiomes of humans or other mammals, evaluating if the microbiome may be involved in endometriosis's pathogenesis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Endometriosis appears to be associated with elevated levels of different microorganisms across various microbiome sites. An ineffective immune response seems to play a key role in endometriosis pathogenesis, and there is some scientific proof to state that the immune response may be modulated by the microbiome. Interestingly, nine studies of our review detected species belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Negativicutes characterized by Gram-negative staining, that were significantly increased in endometriosis cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Laboratory and clinical investigations indicate that hosts' microbiome profiles with and without endometriosis can be significantly different. To further our understanding of the relationships between endometriosis and the host microbiome, more studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio N D'Alterio
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy -
| | - Carlotta Giuliani
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Scicchitano
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio S Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filippo del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Noemi M Oltolina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filippo del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Felice Sorrentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Nappi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Germano Orrù
- Molecular Biology Service Lab, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Angioni
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Comparative genome analyses of Lactobacillus crispatus isolated from different ecological niches reveal an environmental adaptation of this species to the human vaginal environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02899-20. [PMID: 33579685 PMCID: PMC8091109 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02899-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaginal microbiota is defined as the community of bacteria residing in the human vaginal tract. Recent studies have demonstrated that the vaginal microbiota is dominated by members of the Lactobacillus genus, whose relative abundance and microbial taxa composition are dependent on the healthy status of this human body site. Particularly, among members of this genus, the high prevalence of Lactobacillus crispatus is commonly associated with a healthy vaginal environment. In the current study, we assessed the microbial composition of 94 healthy vaginal microbiome samples through shotgun metagenomics analyses. Based on our results we observed that L. crispatus was the most representative species and correlated negatively with bacteria involved in vaginal infections. Therefore, we isolated fifteen L. crispatus strains from different environments in which this species is abounding, ranging from vaginal swabs of healthy women to chicken fecal samples. The genomes of these strains were decoded and their genetic content was analyzed and correlated with their physiological features. An extensive comparative genomic analysis encompassing all publicly available genome sequences of L. crispatus and combined with those decoded in this study, revealed a genetic adaptation of strains to their ecological niche. In addition, in vitro growth experiments involving all isolated L. crispatus strains together with a synthetic vaginal microbiota reveal how this species is able to modulate the composition of the vaginal microbial consortia at strain level. Overall, our findings suggest that L. crispatus plays an important ecological role in reducing the complexity of the vaginal microbiota by depleting pathogenic bacteria.Importance The vaginal microbiota is defined as the community of bacteria residing in the human vaginal tract. Recent studies have demonstrated that the high prevalence of Lactobacillus crispatus species is commonly associated with a healthy vaginal environment. In the current study, we assessed the microbial composition of 94 public healthy vaginal samples through shotgun metagenomics analyses. Results showed that L. crispatus was the most representative species and correlated negatively with bacteria involved in vaginal infections. Moreover, we isolated and sequenced the genome of new L. crispatus strains from different environments and the comparative genomics analysis revealed a genetic adaptation of strains to their ecological niche. In addition, in-vitro growth experiments display the capability of this species to modulate the composition of the vaginal microbial consortia. Overall, our findings suggest an ecological role exploited by L. crispatus in reducing the complexity of the vaginal microbiota toward a depletion of pathogenic bacteria.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Women remain disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The primary mechanism for HIV acquisition in women is sexual transmission, yet the immunobiological factors that contribute to HIV susceptibility remain poorly characterized. Here, we review current knowledge on HIV pathogenesis in women, focusing on infection and immune responses in the female reproductive tract (FRT). RECENT FINDINGS We describe recent findings on innate immune protection and HIV target cell distribution in the FRT. We also review multiple factors that modify susceptibility to infection, including sex hormones, microbiome, trauma, and how HIV risk changes during women's life cycle. Finally, we review current strategies for HIV prevention and identify barriers for research in HIV infection and pathogenesis in women. A complex network of interrelated biological and sociocultural factors contributes to HIV risk in women and impairs prevention and cure strategies. Understanding how HIV establishes infection in the FRT can provide clues to develop novel interventions to prevent HIV acquisition in women.
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Oliveira de Almeida M, Carvalho R, Figueira Aburjaile F, Malcher Miranda F, Canário Cerqueira J, Brenig B, Ghosh P, Ramos R, Kato RB, de Castro Soares S, Silva A, Azevedo V, Canário Viana MV. Characterization of the first vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus genomes isolated in Brazil. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11079. [PMID: 33854845 PMCID: PMC7955673 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus crispatus is the dominant species in the vaginal microbiota associated with health and considered a homeostasis biomarker. Interestingly, some strains are even used as probiotics. However, the genetic mechanisms of L. crispatus involved in the control of the vaginal microbiome and protection against bacterial vaginosis (BV) are not entirely known. To further investigate these mechanisms, we sequenced and characterized the first four L. crispatus genomes from vaginal samples from Brazilian women and used genome-wide association study (GWAS) and comparative analyses to identify genetic mechanisms involved in healthy or BV conditions and selective pressures acting in the vaginal microbiome. METHODS The four genomes were sequenced, assembled using ten different strategies and automatically annotated. The functional characterization was performed by bioinformatics tools comparing with known probiotic strains. Moreover, it was selected one representative strain (L. crispatus CRI4) for in vitro detection of phages by electron microscopy. Evolutionary analysis, including phylogeny, GWAS and positive selection were performed using 46 public genomes strains representing health and BV conditions. RESULTS Genes involved in probiotic effects such as lactic acid production, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins, and adhesin were identified. Three hemolysins and putrescine production were predicted, although these features are also present in other probiotic strains. The four genomes presented no plasmids, but 14 known families insertion sequences and several prophages were detected. However, none of the mobile genetic elements contained antimicrobial resistance genes. The genomes harbor a CRISPR-Cas subtype II-A system that is probably inactivated due to fragmentation of the genes csn2 and cas9. No genomic feature was associated with a health condition, perhaps due to its multifactorial characteristic. Five genes were identified as under positive selection, but the selective pressure remains to be discovered. In conclusion, the Brazilian strains investigated in this study present potential protective properties, although in vitro and in vivo studies are required to confirm their efficacy and safety to be considered for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle Oliveira de Almeida
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flavia Figueira Aburjaile
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabio Malcher Miranda
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janaína Canário Cerqueira
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rommel Ramos
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bentes Kato
- Post-graduation Program in Bioinformatics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Siomar de Castro Soares
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Canário Viana
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Pan K, Zhang C, Tian J. The Effects of Different Modes of Delivery on the Structure and Predicted Function of Intestinal Microbiota in Neonates and Early Infants. Pol J Microbiol 2021; 70:45-55. [PMID: 33815526 PMCID: PMC8008759 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that an increased risk of metabolic and immune disorders associated with cesarean section mode of delivery may exist. However, such studies have not been conducted in the Chinese population. Stool sample sequencing of the gene encoding the 16S rRNA of 82 prospectively enrolled 3- and 30–42-day-old vaginal and cesarean section delivered newborns was performed to study the composition and predicted function of the intestinal microbiota. In the samples from the 3-day-old neonates, the levels of Escherichia-Shigella in the two groups were similar. The genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides were more prominent in the vaginal delivery than in the cesarean section group, which showed a predominance of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In the samples from 30- to 42-day-old infants, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Bacteroides were the main genera present in the vaginal delivery group, while in the cesarean section delivery group; the predominant genera were Escherichia-Shigella, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Staphylococcus. Predicted functions of the vaginal delivery group revealed higher metabolic and biodegradation rates of carbohydrates, vitamins, and xenobiotics than those in the cesarean section group, which contributed to the stability of the microbiota in the former. The abundance of probiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and the negative correlation between obesity and Bacteroides presence were higher in vaginally delivered infants than in cesarean-delivered infants at both studied time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Pan
- Department of Paediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Paediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, China
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Begnel ER, Drake AL, Kinuthia J, Matemo D, Huang M, Ásbjörnsdóttir KH, Chohan V, Beima‐Sofie K, John‐Stewart G, Lehman D, Slyker J. Cervical cytomegalovirus reactivation, cytokines and spontaneous preterm birth in Kenyan women. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 203:472-479. [PMID: 33270222 PMCID: PMC7874830 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genital cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is common during the third trimester of pregnancy. We hypothesized that cervical CMV shedding may increase risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) through the release of inflammatory cytokines in the cervix. We conducted a nested case-control analysis to determine the relationship between CMV shedding and sPTB using data and samples from a prospective cohort study in western Kenya. Women who delivered between 28 + 0 and 33 + 6 weeks gestation were matched by gestational age at sample collection to controls who delivered ≥ 37 + 0 weeks. Levels of CMV DNA and interleukin (IL)-1 beta (β), IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured in cervical swabs. We used conditional logistic regression to assess relationships between CMV shedding, cervical cytokine levels and sPTB. Among 86 cases and 86 matched controls, cervical CMV levels were not significantly associated with sPTB [odds ratio (OR) = 1·23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0·59-2·56], but were significantly associated with higher levels of cervical IL-6 (β = 0·15, 95% CI = 0·02-0·29) and TNF-α (β = 0·14, 95% CI = 0·01-0·27). In univariate analysis, higher odds of sPTB was associated with higher cervical IL-6 levels (OR = 1·54, 95% CI = 1·00-2·38), but not with other cervical cytokines. In this cohort of Kenyan women, we did not find a significant association between cervical CMV shedding and sPTB before 34 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. R. Begnel
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - A. L. Drake
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - J. Kinuthia
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyKenyatta National HospitalNairobiKenya
| | - D. Matemo
- Department of Research and ProgramsKenyatta National HospitalNairobiKenya
| | - M.‐L. Huang
- Department of VirologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | | | - V. Chohan
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - K. Beima‐Sofie
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - G. John‐Stewart
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - D. Lehman
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Division of Human BiologyFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | - J. Slyker
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
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Chu W, Han Q, Xu J, Wang J, Sun Y, Li W, Chen ZJ, Du Y. Metagenomic analysis identified microbiome alterations and pathological association between intestinal microbiota and polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2021; 113:1286-1298.e4. [PMID: 32482258 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify different microbial species in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and reveal a possible relationship between gut dysbiosis and pathological changes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Academic institution. PATIENT(S) Reproductive-aged women with PCOS (n = 14) and controls (n = 14) from the Centre for Reproductive Medicine. INTERVENTION(S) Shotgun metagenomic sequencing on fecal samples from patients, and clinical parameters (including body mass index, endocrine hormone levels, and glycemia level) gathered for correlation analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Identification of different gut microbial strains and relativity between microbiota and clinical parameters. RESULT(S) We found several microbial strains were statistically significantly more abundant in the PCOS group, including Parabacteroides merdae, Bacteroides fragilis, and strains of Escherichia and Shigella, whereas Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was enriched in the control group. Metagenomic species (MGS) analysis revealed that the microbes of the PCOS group were negatively correlated with those of the control group. Of note, we observed a positive correlation between MGS relevant to PCOS and endocrine disorders, including body mass index and elevated levels of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and antimüllerian hormone. Functional alterations, reflected by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes orthologues, could imply potential mechanisms of microbial involvement in the developmental progress of PCOS. CONCLUSION(S) Our findings suggest an intimate association and potential mechanisms linking microbial dysbiosis and the pathophysiologic changes of PCOS. We address the importance of monitoring and modulating microbial composition and functional shifts in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixin Han
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieying Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhi Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Harper A, Vijayakumar V, Ouwehand AC, ter Haar J, Obis D, Espadaler J, Binda S, Desiraju S, Day R. Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:596166. [PMID: 33643929 PMCID: PMC7907522 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.596166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections continue to cause considerable morbidity and mortality around the world. Recent rises in these infections are likely due to complex and multifactorial external drivers, including climate change, the increased mobility of people and goods and rapid demographic change to name but a few. In parallel with these external factors, we are gaining a better understanding of the internal factors associated with viral immunity. Increasingly the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome has been shown to be a significant player in the host immune system, acting as a key regulator of immunity and host defense mechanisms. An increasing body of evidence indicates that disruption of the homeostasis between the GI microbiome and the host immune system can adversely impact viral immunity. This review aims to shed light on our understanding of how host-microbiota interactions shape the immune system, including early life factors, antibiotic exposure, immunosenescence, diet and inflammatory diseases. We also discuss the evidence base for how host commensal organisms and microbiome therapeutics can impact the prevention and/or treatment of viral infections, such as viral gastroenteritis, viral hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papilloma virus (HPV), viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), influenza and SARS CoV-2. The interplay between the gastrointestinal microbiome, invasive viruses and host physiology is complex and yet to be fully characterized, but increasingly the evidence shows that the microbiome can have an impact on viral disease outcomes. While the current evidence base is informative, further well designed human clinical trials will be needed to fully understand the array of immunological mechanisms underlying this intricate relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton Harper
- ADM Health & Wellness, Medical Affairs Department, Somerset, United Kingdom
| | - Vineetha Vijayakumar
- ADM Health & Wellness, Medical Affairs Department, Somerset, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Vineetha Vijayakumar,
| | - Arthur C. Ouwehand
- Global Health and Nutrition Sciences, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Kantvik, Finland
| | | | - David Obis
- Innovation Science & Nutrition Department, Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Sylvie Binda
- Lallemand Health Solutions, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Richard Day
- ADM Health & Wellness, Medical Affairs Department, Somerset, United Kingdom
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138
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Chindamo G, Sapino S, Peira E, Chirio D, Gallarate M. Recent Advances in Nanosystems and Strategies for Vaginal Delivery of Antimicrobials. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020311. [PMID: 33530510 PMCID: PMC7912580 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis affect millions of women each year. They are caused by an overgrowth of microorganisms, generally sexually transmitted, which in turn can be favored by alterations in the vaginal flora. Conventional treatments of these infections consist in systemic or local antimicrobial therapies. However, in the attempt to reduce adverse effects and to contrast microbial resistance and infection recurrences, many efforts have been devoted to the development of vaginal systems for the local delivery of antimicrobials. Several topical dosage forms such as aerosols, lotions, suppositories, tablets, gels, and creams have been proposed, although they are sometimes ineffective due to their poor penetration and rapid removal from the vaginal canal. For these reasons, the development of innovative drug delivery systems, able to remain in situ and release active agents for a prolonged period, is becoming more and more important. Among all, nanosystems such as liposomes, nanoparticles (NPs), and micelles with tunable surface properties, but also thermogelling nanocomposites, could be exploited to improve local drug delivery, biodistribution, retention, and uptake in vulvovaginal tissues. The aim of this review is to provide a survey of the variety of nanoplatforms developed for the vaginal delivery of antimicrobial agents. A concise summary of the most common vaginal infections and of the conventional therapies is also provided.
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Hansen AL, Reily C, Novak J, Renfrow MB. Immunoglobulin A Glycosylation and Its Role in Disease. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:433-477. [PMID: 34687019 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human IgA is comprised of two subclasses, IgA1 and IgA2. Monomeric IgA (mIgA), polymeric IgA (pIgA), and secretory IgA (SIgA) are the main molecular forms of IgA. The production of IgA rivals all other immunoglobulin isotypes. The large quantities of IgA reflect the fundamental roles it plays in immune defense, protecting vulnerable mucosal surfaces against invading pathogens. SIgA dominates mucosal surfaces, whereas IgA in circulation is predominately monomeric. All forms of IgA are glycosylated, and the glycans significantly influence its various roles, including antigen binding and the antibody effector functions, mediated by the Fab and Fc portions, respectively. In contrast to its protective role, the aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and IgA vasculitis with nephritis (IgAVN). Furthermore, detailed characterization of IgA glycosylation, including its diverse range of heterogeneity, is of emerging interest. We provide an overview of the glycosylation observed for each subclass and molecular form of IgA as well as the range of heterogeneity for each site of glycosylation. In many ways, the role of IgA glycosylation is in its early stages of being elucidated. This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Colin Reily
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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140
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Li H, Zang Y, Wang C, Li H, Fan A, Han C, Xue F. The Interaction Between Microorganisms, Metabolites, and Immune System in the Female Genital Tract Microenvironment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:609488. [PMID: 33425785 PMCID: PMC7785791 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.609488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The female reproductive tract microenvironment includes microorganisms, metabolites, and immune components, and the balance of the interactions among them plays an important role in maintaining female reproductive tract homeostasis and health. When any one of the reproductive tract microorganisms, metabolites, or immunity is out of balance, it will affect the other two, leading to the occurrence and development of diseases and the appearance of corresponding symptoms and signs, such as infertility, miscarriage, premature delivery, and gynecological tumors caused by infectious diseases of the reproductive tract. Nutrients in the female reproductive tract provide symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms with a source of nutrients for their own reproduction and utilization. At the same time, this interaction with the host forms a variety of metabolites. Changes in metabolites in the host reproductive tract are related not only to the interaction between the host and microbiota under dysbiosis but also to changes in host immunity or the environment, all of which will participate in the pathogenesis of diseases and lead to disease-related phenotypes. Microorganisms and their metabolites can also interact with host immunity, activate host immunity, and change the host immune status and are closely related to persistent genital pathogen infections, aggravation of infectious diseases, severe pregnancy outcomes, and even gynecological cancers. Therefore, studying the interaction between microorganisms, metabolites, and immunity in the reproductive tract cannot only reveal the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to inflammation of the reproductive tract, adverse pregnancy outcomes and tumorigenesis but also provide a basis for further research on the diagnosis and treatment of targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanrong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuqin Zang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiyang Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Aiping Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Cha Han
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Noël-Romas L, Perner M, Molatlhegi R, Farr Zuend C, Mabhula A, Hoger S, Lamont A, Birse K, Berard A, McCorrister S, Westmacott G, Leslie A, Poliquin V, Heffron R, McKinnon LR, Burgener AD. Vaginal microbiome-hormonal contraceptive interactions associate with the mucosal proteome and HIV acquisition. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009097. [PMID: 33362285 PMCID: PMC7790405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations to the mucosal environment of the female genital tract, such as genital inflammation, have been associated with increased HIV acquisition in women. As the microbiome and hormonal contraceptives can affect vaginal mucosal immunity, we hypothesized these components may interact in the context of HIV susceptibility. Using previously published microbiome data from 685 women in the CAPRISA-004 trial, we compared relative risk of HIV acquisition in this cohort who were using injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN), and combined oral contraceptives (COC). In women who were Lactobacillus-dominant, HIV acquisition was 3-fold higher in women using DMPA relative to women using NET-EN or COC (OR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.24–11.24, P = 0.0305). This was not observed in non-Lactobacillus-dominant women (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.44–2.15, P = 0.895) (interaction P = 0.0686). Higher serum MPA levels associated with increased molecular pathways of inflammation in the vaginal mucosal fluid of Lactobacillus-dominant women, but no differences were seen in non-Lactobacillus dominant women. This study provides data suggesting an interaction between the microbiome, hormonal contraceptives, and HIV susceptibility. Alterations to the mucosal environment of the female genital tract have been associated with increased HIV acquisition in women. As both the vaginal microbiome and hormonal contraceptives affect mucosal immunity, we investigated their interaction with HIV susceptibility. We characterized the vaginal microbiomes in 685 women from the CAPRISA-004 trial, who utilized three major types of hormonal contraceptives including injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN), and combined oral contraceptives (COC). In the 40% of women with Lactobacillus-depleted microbiomes, HIV acquisition was not different between contraceptive groups. However, in the 60% of women with Lactobacillus as the dominant bacterial taxa, HIV acquisition risk was 3-fold higher (in women using DMPA relative to women using NET-EN and COC). Higher serum medroxyprogesterone acetate levels in Lactobacillus dominant women associated with increased cervicovaginal inflammation pathways in the mucosal proteome, biomarkers of which associated with HIV susceptibility. This study provides data suggesting an interaction between the microbiome, hormonal contraceptives, and HIV susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Noël-Romas
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michelle Perner
- Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Christina Farr Zuend
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Sarah Hoger
- Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Alana Lamont
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kenzie Birse
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alicia Berard
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Stuart McCorrister
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, National Microbiology Lab, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Garett Westmacott
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, National Microbiology Lab, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Al Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Poliquin
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Renee Heffron
- Department of Global Health and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Adam D. Burgener
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio, United States of America
- Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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142
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Tsonis O, Gkrozou F, Paschopoulos M. Microbiome affecting reproductive outcome in ARTs. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020; 50:102036. [PMID: 33307241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Current scientific evidence reveals the importance of the human microbiome in health and disease. The presence of microbiota within the male and female reproductive tract has been well-documented and present theories imply that a possible disruption of their concentrations may have adverse effects on reproductive health and reproductive outcomes. Altered endometrial and vaginal microbiome could potential affect the reproductive outcome in infertile couples undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. Analysis of seminal fluids could also facilitate a prompt and appropriate approach in cases of abnormal male reproductive microflora. Essential knowledge on this subject could provide fertility experts better understanding with regards to unexplained fertility, increasing the success rates of ARTs. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on the microbiota of the male and female reproductive tract and its impact on the success rates of ARTs in infertile couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tsonis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece.
| | - F Gkrozou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Birmingham, UK.
| | - M Paschopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece.
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García-Peñarrubia P, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Martínez-Esparza M, Marín P, Machado-Linde F. Hypothetical roadmap towards endometriosis: prenatal endocrine-disrupting chemical pollutant exposure, anogenital distance, gut-genital microbiota and subclinical infections. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:214-246. [PMID: 32108227 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a gynaecological hormone-dependent disorder that is defined by histological lesions generated by the growth of endometrial-like tissue out of the uterus cavity, most commonly engrafted within the peritoneal cavity, although these lesions can also be located in distant organs. Endometriosis affects ~10% of women of reproductive age, frequently producing severe and, sometimes, incapacitating symptoms, including chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia, among others. Furthermore, endometriosis causes infertility in ~30% of affected women. Despite intense research on the mechanisms involved in the initial development and later progression of endometriosis, many questions remain unanswered and its aetiology remains unknown. Recent studies have demonstrated the critical role played by the relationship between the microbiome and mucosal immunology in preventing sexually transmitted diseases (HIV), infertility and several gynaecologic diseases. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE In this review, we sought to respond to the main research question related to the aetiology of endometriosis. We provide a model pointing out several risk factors that could explain the development of endometriosis. The hypothesis arises from bringing together current findings from large distinct areas, linking high prenatal exposure to environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals with a short anogenital distance, female genital tract contamination with the faecal microbiota and the active role of genital subclinical microbial infections in the development and clinical progression of endometriosis. SEARCH METHODS We performed a search of the scientific literature published until 2019 in the PubMed database. The search strategy included the following keywords in various combinations: endometriosis, anogenital distance, chemical pollutants, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, the microbiome of the female reproductive tract, microbiota and genital tract, bacterial vaginosis, endometritis, oestrogens and microbiota and microbiota-immune system interactions. OUTCOMES On searching the corresponding bibliography, we found frequent associations between environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals and endometriosis risk. Likewise, recent evidence and hypotheses have suggested the active role of genital subclinical microbial infections in the development and clinical progression of endometriosis. Hence, we can envisage a direct relationship between higher prenatal exposure to oestrogens or estrogenic endocrine-disrupting compounds (phthalates, bisphenols, organochlorine pesticides and others) and a shorter anogenital distance, which could favour frequent postnatal episodes of faecal microbiota contamination of the vulva and vagina, producing cervicovaginal microbiota dysbiosis. This relationship would disrupt local antimicrobial defences, subverting the homeostasis state and inducing a subclinical inflammatory response that could evolve into a sustained immune dysregulation, closing the vicious cycle responsible for the development of endometriosis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Determining the aetiology of endometriosis is a challenging issue. Posing a new hypothesis on this subject provides the initial tool necessary to design future experimental, clinical and epidemiological research that could allow for a better understanding of the origin of this disease. Furthermore, advances in the understanding of its aetiology would allow the identification of new therapeutics and preventive actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar García-Peñarrubia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular (B) e Inmunología. Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio J Ruiz-Alcaraz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular (B) e Inmunología. Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Esparza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular (B) e Inmunología. Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Marín
- Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Machado-Linde
- Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Clínico Universitario Reina Sofía, CARM, Murcia, Spain
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Distribution of Lactobacillus species in Iranian women with both human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and bacterial vaginosis (BV). Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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145
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Koirala R, Gargari G, Arioli S, Taverniti V, Fiore W, Grossi E, Anelli GM, Cetin I, Guglielmetti S. Effect of oral consumption of capsules containing Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 on the vaginal microbiota of healthy adult women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5834546. [PMID: 32383767 PMCID: PMC7261233 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral consumption of probiotics is practical and can be an effective solution to preserve vaginal eubiosis. Here, we studied the ability of orally administered Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 (DSM 26760) to affect the composition of the vaginal microbiota and colonize the vaginal mucosa in nondiseased adult women. A total of 40 volunteers took oral probiotic (24 billion CFU) or placebo capsules daily for 4 weeks, and after a 4-week washout, they switched to placebo or probiotic capsules according to the crossover design. A total of 23 volunteers completed the study according to the protocol. Before and after capsule ingestion, vaginal swabs were collected for qPCR quantification to detect L. paracasei LPC-S01 and for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Vaginal swabs were grouped according to their bacterial taxonomic structure into nine community state types (CSTs), four of which were dominated by lactobacilli. Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 was detected in the vagina of two participants. Statistical modeling (including linear mixed-effects model analysis) demonstrated that daily intake of probiotic capsules reduced the relative abundance of Gardnerella spp. Quantitative PCR with Gardnerella vaginalis primers confirmed this result. Considering the pathogenic nature of G. vaginalis, these results suggest a potential positive effect of this probiotic capsule on the vaginal microbial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Koirala
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Arioli
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter Fiore
- Sofar S.p.A., Via Firenze 40, 20060, Trezzano Rosa (MI), Trezzano Rosa, Italy
| | - Elena Grossi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Maria Anelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Corresponding author:Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy. Tel: +39 0250319136; E-mail:
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146
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France MT, Ma B, Gajer P, Brown S, Humphrys MS, Holm JB, Waetjen LE, Brotman RM, Ravel J. VALENCIA: a nearest centroid classification method for vaginal microbial communities based on composition. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:166. [PMID: 33228810 PMCID: PMC7684964 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxonomic profiles of vaginal microbial communities can be sorted into a discrete number of categories termed community state types (CSTs). This approach is advantageous because collapsing a hyper-dimensional taxonomic profile into a single categorical variable enables efforts such as data exploration, epidemiological studies, and statistical modeling. Vaginal communities are typically assigned to CSTs based on the results of hierarchical clustering of the pairwise distances between samples. However, this approach is problematic because it complicates between-study comparisons and because the results are entirely dependent on the particular set of samples that were analyzed. We sought to standardize and advance the assignment of samples to CSTs. RESULTS We developed VALENCIA (VAginaL community state typE Nearest CentroId clAssifier), a nearest centroid-based tool which classifies samples based on their similarity to a set of reference centroids. The references were defined using a comprehensive set of 13,160 taxonomic profiles from 1975 women in the USA. This large dataset allowed us to comprehensively identify, define, and characterize vaginal CSTs common to reproductive age women and expand upon the CSTs that had been defined in previous studies. We validated the broad applicability of VALENCIA for the classification of vaginal microbial communities by using it to classify three test datasets which included reproductive age eastern and southern African women, adolescent girls, and a racially/ethnically and geographically diverse sample of postmenopausal women. VALENCIA performed well on all three datasets despite the substantial variations in sequencing strategies and bioinformatics pipelines, indicating its broad application to vaginal microbiota. We further describe the relationships between community characteristics (vaginal pH, Nugent score) and participant demographics (race, age) and the CSTs defined by VALENCIA. CONCLUSION VALENCIA provides a much-needed solution for the robust and reproducible assignment of vaginal community state types. This will allow unbiased analysis of both small and large vaginal microbiota datasets, comparisons between datasets and meta-analyses that combine multiple datasets. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T France
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Bing Ma
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Pawel Gajer
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Sarah Brown
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Michael S Humphrys
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Johanna B Holm
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - L Elaine Waetjen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, USA
| | - Rebecca M Brotman
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
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147
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Nené NR, Barrett J, Jones A, Evans I, Reisel D, Timms JF, Paprotka T, Leimbach A, Franchi D, Colombo N, Bjørge L, Zikan M, Cibula D, Widschwendter M. DNA methylation signatures to predict the cervicovaginal microbiome status. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:180. [PMID: 33228781 PMCID: PMC7686703 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The composition of the microbiome plays an important role in human health and disease. Whether there is a direct association between the cervicovaginal microbiome and the host’s epigenome is largely unexplored.
Results Here we analyzed a total of 448 cervicovaginal smear samples and studied both the DNA methylome of the host and the microbiome using the Illumina EPIC array and next-generation sequencing, respectively. We found that those CpGs that are hypo-methylated in samples with non-lactobacilli (O-type) dominating communities are strongly associated with gastrointestinal differentiation and that a signature consisting of 819 CpGs was able to discriminate lactobacilli-dominating (L-type) from O-type samples with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% CI = 0.77–0.90) in an independent validation set. The performance found in samples with more than 50% epithelial cells was further improved (AUC 0.87) and in women younger than 50 years of age was even higher (AUC 0.91). In a subset of 96 women, the buccal but not the blood cell DNA showed the same trend as the cervicovaginal samples in discriminating women with L- from O-type cervicovaginal communities. Conclusions These findings strongly support the view that the epithelial epigenome plays an essential role in hosting specific microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno R Nené
- Department of Women's Cancer, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Mathematics, University College London, London, UK
| | - James Barrett
- Department of Women's Cancer, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.,European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, 6060, Hall in Tirol, Austria.,Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Allison Jones
- Department of Women's Cancer, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Iona Evans
- Department of Women's Cancer, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Reisel
- Department of Women's Cancer, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - John F Timms
- Department of Women's Cancer, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Nicoletta Colombo
- Europeo Di Oncologia, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Line Bjørge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michal Zikan
- Hospital Na Bulovce, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Cibula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- Department of Women's Cancer, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK. .,European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, 6060, Hall in Tirol, Austria. .,Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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148
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Castanheira CP, Sallas ML, Nunes RAL, Lorenzi NPC, Termini L. Microbiome and Cervical Cancer. Pathobiology 2020; 88:187-197. [PMID: 33227782 DOI: 10.1159/000511477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with some types of mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological factor for the development of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. Besides, several cofactors are known to play a role in cervical disease onset and progression either by favoring or by preventing HPV infection and persistence. The microbiome of a healthy female genital tract is characterized by the presence of 1 or few varieties of lactobacilli. However, high-throughput studies addressing the bacterial diversity and abundance in the female genital tract have shown that several factors, including hormonal levels, hygiene habits, and sexually transmitted diseases may disrupt the natural balance, favoring the outgrowth of some groups of bacteria, which in turn may favor some pathological states. Recently, the vaginal microbiome has emerged as a new variable that could greatly influence the natural history of HPV infections and their clinical impact. In this context, changes in the vaginal microbiome have been detected in women infected with HPV and women with HPV-associated lesions and cancer. However, the role of specific bacteria groups in the development/progression or prevention/regression of HPV-associated pathologies is not well understood. In this review we summarize the current knowledge concerning changes in vaginal microbiome and cervical disease. We discuss the potential functional interplay between specific bacterial groups and HPV infection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayara Luciana Sallas
- Innovation in Cancer Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo Octavio Frias de Oliveira, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Almeida Lima Nunes
- Innovation in Cancer Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo Octavio Frias de Oliveira, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lara Termini
- Innovation in Cancer Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo Octavio Frias de Oliveira, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
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149
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Sirichoat A, Sankuntaw N, Engchanil C, Buppasiri P, Faksri K, Namwat W, Chantratita W, Lulitanond V. Comparison of different hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA for taxonomic profiling of vaginal microbiota using next-generation sequencing. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:1159-1166. [PMID: 33221964 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The exploration of vaginal microbiota by using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene is widely used. Up to now, different hypervariable regions have been selected to study vaginal microbiota by NGS and there is no standard method for analysis. The study aimed to characterize vaginal microbiota from clinical samples using NGS targeting the 16S rRNA gene and to determine the performance of individual and concatenated hypervariable region sequences to generate the taxonomic profiles of the vaginal microbiota. Fifty-one vaginal DNA samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene NGS based on the Ion Torrent PGM platform with the use of two primer sets spanning seven hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Our analysis revealed that the predominant bacterial genera were Lactobacillus, Gardnerella and Atopobium, which accounted for 78%, 14% and 2%, respectively, of sequences from all vaginal bacterial genera. At the species level, Lactobacillus iners, Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae accounted for 72%, 10% and 6%, respectively, of the bacterial cells present. Analyses using the V3 region generally indicated the highest bacterial diversity followed by the V6-V7 and V4 regions, while the V9 region gave the lowest bacterial resolution. NGS based on the 16S rRNA gene can give comprehensive estimates of the diversity of vaginal bacterial communities. Selection of sequences from appropriate hypervariable regions is necessary to provide reliable information on bacterial community diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auttawit Sirichoat
- Department of Microbiology and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nipaporn Sankuntaw
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chulapan Engchanil
- Department of Microbiology and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Pranom Buppasiri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kiatichai Faksri
- Department of Microbiology and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wises Namwat
- Department of Microbiology and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wasun Chantratita
- Medical Genome Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Viraphong Lulitanond
- Department of Microbiology and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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150
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Rodríguez-Cerdeira C, Martínez-Herrera E, Carnero-Gregorio M, López-Barcenas A, Fabbrocini G, Fida M, El-Samahy M, González-Cespón JL. Pathogenesis and Clinical Relevance of Candida Biofilms in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:544480. [PMID: 33262741 PMCID: PMC7686049 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.544480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Candida spp. to form biofilms is crucial for its pathogenicity, and thus, it should be considered an important virulence factor in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and recurrent VVC (RVVC). Its ability to generate biofilms is multifactorial and is generally believed to depend on the site of infection, species and strain involved, and the microenvironment in which the infection develops. Therefore, both cell surface proteins, such as Hwp1, Als1, and Als2, and the cell wall-related protein, Sun41, play a critical role in the adhesion and virulence of the biofilm. Immunological and pharmacological approaches have identified the NLRP3 inflammasome as a crucial molecular factor contributing to host immunopathology. In this context, we have earlier shown that Candida albicans associated with hyphae-secreted aspartyl proteinases (specifically SAP4-6) contribute to the immunopathology of the disease. Transcriptome profiling has revealed that non-coding transcripts regulate protein synthesis post-transcriptionally, which is important for the growth of Candida spp. Other studies have employed RNA sequencing to identify differences in the 1,245 Candida genes involved in surface and invasive cellular metabolism regulation. In vitro systems allow the simultaneous processing of a large number of samples, making them an ideal screening technique for estimating various physicochemical parameters, testing the activity of antimicrobial agents, and analyzing genes involved in biofilm formation and regulation (in situ) in specific strains. Murine VVC models are used to study C. albicans infection, especially in trials of novel treatments and to understand the cause(s) for resistance to conventional therapeutics. This review on the clinical relevance of Candida biofilms in VVC focuses on important advances in its genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Moreover, recent experiments on the influence of biofilm formation on VVC or RVVC pathogenesis in laboratory animals have been discussed. A clear elucidation of one of the pathogenesis mechanisms employed by Candida biofilms in vulvovaginal candidiasis and its applications in clinical practice represents the most significant contribution of this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Hospital do Meixoeiro and University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erick Martínez-Herrera
- Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca, Mexico
| | - Miguel Carnero-Gregorio
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Molecular Diagnosis (Array & NGS Division), Institute of Cellular and Molecular Studies, Lugo, Spain
| | - Adriana López-Barcenas
- European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Section of Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Manuel Gea González hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monika Fida
- European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, University of Medicine, Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - May El-Samahy
- European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - José Luís González-Cespón
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
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