101
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Shaw ER, Matzinger P. Transient autoantibodies to danger signals. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1046300. [PMID: 36742299 PMCID: PMC9889632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1046300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Danger Model predicts that there are some molecules that no immune system can ever be fully tolerant of, namely proteins that are only transiently expressed during times of stress, infection, or injury. Among these are the danger/alarm signals themselves. Accordingly, a fleeting autoantibody response to danger signals is expected during times when they are released. Depending on context, these autoantibodies may serve beneficial "housekeeping" functions by removing surplus danger signals from the circulation or, conversely, create an immunodeficiency. Here, we will focus on the Type 1 Interferons as examples of foreseeable targets for a transient autoantibody response, but the principles outlined should hold for other danger-associated molecules as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana R. Shaw
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Elana R. Shaw,
| | - Polly Matzinger
- Ghost Lab, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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102
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Boraschi D, Canesi L, Drobne D, Kemmerling B, Pinsino A, Prochazkova P. Interaction between nanomaterials and the innate immune system across evolution. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:747-774. [PMID: 36639936 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with the immune system mainly occurs with cells and molecules of innate immunity, which are present in interface tissues of living organisms. Immuno-nanotoxicological studies aim at understanding if and when such interaction is inconsequential or may cause irreparable damage. Since innate immunity is the first line of immune reactivity towards exogenous agents and is highly conserved throughout evolution, this review focuses on the major effector cells of innate immunity, the phagocytes, and their major sensing receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), for assessing the modes of successful versus pathological interaction between ENMs and host defences. By comparing the phagocyte- and TLR-dependent responses to ENMs in plants, molluscs, annelids, crustaceans, echinoderms and mammals, we aim to highlight common recognition and elimination mechanisms and the general sufficiency of innate immunity for maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Boraschi
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), 1068 Xueyuan Blvd, 518071, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, 80132, Napoli, Italy.,China-Italy Joint Laboratory of Pharmacobiotechnology for Medical Immunomodulation (SIAT, CNR, SZN), Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000, Ljubliana, Slovenia
| | - Birgit Kemmerling
- ZMBP - Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Plant Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annalisa Pinsino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Petra Prochazkova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
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103
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Vallés PG, Gil Lorenzo AF, Garcia RD, Cacciamani V, Benardon ME, Costantino VV. Toll-like Receptor 4 in Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021415. [PMID: 36674930 PMCID: PMC9864062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and devastating pathologic condition, associated with considerable high morbidity and mortality. Although significant breakthroughs have been made in recent years, to this day no effective pharmacological therapies for its treatment exist. AKI is known to be connected with intrarenal and systemic inflammation. The innate immune system plays an important role as the first defense response mechanism to tissue injury. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a well-characterized pattern recognition receptor, and increasing evidence has shown that TLR4 mediated inflammatory response, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS), which are the conserved microbial motifs, are sensed by these receptors. Endogenous molecules generated during tissue injury, and labeled as damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), also activate pattern recognition receptors, thereby offering an understanding of sterile types of inflammation. Excessive, uncontrolled and/or sustained activation of TLR4, may lead to a chronic inflammatory state. In this review we describe the role of TLR4, its endogenous ligands and activation in the inflammatory response to ischemic/reperfusion-induced AKI and sepsis-associated AKI. The potential regeneration signaling patterns of TLR4 in acute kidney injury, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G. Vallés
- Área de Fisiopatología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- IMBECU-CONICET (Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Fernanda Gil Lorenzo
- Área de Fisiopatología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo D. Garcia
- Área de Fisiopatología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Valeria Cacciamani
- IMBECU-CONICET (Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Benardon
- Área de Fisiopatología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Valeria Victoria Costantino
- IMBECU-CONICET (Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
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104
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Kolyasnikova NM, Pestov NB, Sanchez-Pimentel JP, Barlev NA, Ishmukhametov AA. Anti-cancer Virotherapy in Russia: Lessons from the Past, Current Challenges and Prospects for the Future. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2023; 24:266-278. [PMID: 35578840 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220516121813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The idea of using the lytic power of viruses against malignant cells has been entertained for many decades. However, oncolytic viruses gained broad attention as an emerging anti-cancer therapy only recently with the successful implementation of several oncolytic viruses to treat advanced melanoma. Here we review the history of oncolytic viruses in the Russian Federation and recent biotechnological advances in connection with the perspectives of their practical use against aggressive tumors such as glioblastoma or pancreatic cancer. A particular emphasis is made on novel applications of safe non-lytic virus-derived vectors armed with prodrug-converting enzyme transgenes. Rational improvement of oncotropism by conjugation with biopolymers and nanoformulations is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda M Kolyasnikova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides, Poselok Instituta Poliomielita 8 bd 17, Poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow, 108819, Russia
| | - Nikolay B Pestov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides, Poselok Instituta Poliomielita 8 bd 17, Poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow, 108819, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Jeanne P Sanchez-Pimentel
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides, Poselok Instituta Poliomielita 8 bd 17, Poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow, 108819, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Barlev
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides, Poselok Instituta Poliomielita 8 bd 17, Poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow, 108819, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia.,Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya 10, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Aidar A Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides, Poselok Instituta Poliomielita 8 bd 17, Poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow, 108819, Russia
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105
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Borges TJ, Murshid A, Theriault J, Calderwood SK. Molecular Chaperone Receptors: An Update. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2693:193-208. [PMID: 37540436 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3342-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular heat shock proteins (HSP) play important roles in cell signaling and immunity. Many of these effects are mediated by surface receptors expressed on a wide range of cell types, including immune cells. We have investigated the nature of such proteins by cloning candidate receptors into cells (CHO-K1) with the rare property of being null for HSP binding. Using this approach, we have discovered that mammalian and eukaryotic Hsp70 binds avidly to at least three classes of receptor including: (1) c-type lectin receptors (CLR), (2) scavenger receptors (SR) and (3) lectins. However, the structural nature of the receptor-ligand interactions is not currently clear. Hsp70 can bind to LOX-1 (a member of both the CLR and SR), with the c-type lectin binding domain (CTLD), to the SR family members SREC-I and FEEL-1/CLEVER-1/STABILIN-1, which by contrast have arrays of EGF-like repeats in their extracellular domains as well. In this chapter, we will discuss: (1) methods for the discovery of HSP receptors, (2) approaches to the study of individual receptors in cells that contain multiple such receptors and (3) methods for investigating HSP receptor function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago J Borges
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayesha Murshid
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jimmy Theriault
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart K Calderwood
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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106
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Hansda A, Mukherjee S, Dixit K, Dhara S, Mukherjee G. Immunological Perspectives Involved in Tissue Engineering. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-6008-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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107
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Scur M, Parsons BD, Dey S, Makrigiannis AP. The diverse roles of C-type lectin-like receptors in immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126043. [PMID: 36923398 PMCID: PMC10008955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the C-type lectin-like receptors (CTLRs) and their functions in immunity have continued to expand from their initial roles in pathogen recognition. There are now clear examples of CTLRs acting as scavenger receptors, sensors of cell death and cell transformation, and regulators of immune responses and homeostasis. This range of function reflects an extensive diversity in the expression and signaling activity between individual CTLR members of otherwise highly conserved families. Adding to this diversity is the constant discovery of new receptor binding capabilities and receptor-ligand interactions, distinct cellular expression profiles, and receptor structures and signaling mechanisms which have expanded the defining roles of CTLRs in immunity. The natural killer cell receptors exemplify this functional diversity with growing evidence of their activity in other immune populations and tissues. Here, we broadly review select families of CTLRs encoded in the natural killer cell gene complex (NKC) highlighting key receptors that demonstrate the complex multifunctional capabilities of these proteins. We focus on recent evidence from research on the NKRP1 family of CTLRs and their interaction with the related C-type lectin (CLEC) ligands which together exhibit essential immune functions beyond their defined activity in natural killer (NK) cells. The ever-expanding evidence for the requirement of CTLR in numerous biological processes emphasizes the need to better understand the functional potential of these receptor families in immune defense and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Scur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Brendon D Parsons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sayanti Dey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Andrew P Makrigiannis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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108
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Son S, Nam J, Kim AS, Ahn J, Park KS, Phoo MT, Sherren B, Zou W, Lee SH, Farokhzad OC, Shi J, Moon JJ. Induction of T-helper-17-cell-mediated anti-tumour immunity by pathogen-mimicking polymer nanoparticles. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:72-84. [PMID: 36564626 PMCID: PMC9877201 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effectivity of cancer immunotherapies is hindered by immunosuppressive tumour microenvironments that are poorly infiltrated by effector T cells and natural killer cells. In infection and autoimmune disease, the recruitment and activation of effector immune cells is coordinated by pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (TH17) cells. Here we show that pathogen-mimicking hollow nanoparticles displaying mannan (a polysaccharide that activates TH17 cells in microbial cell walls) limit the fraction of regulatory T cells and induce TH17-cell-mediated anti-tumour responses. The nanoparticles activate the pattern-recognition receptor Dectin-2 and Toll-like receptor 4 in dendritic cells, and promote the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into the TH17 phenotype. In mice, intra-tumoural administration of the nanoparticles decreased the fraction of regulatory T cells in the tumour while markedly increasing the fractions of TH17 cells (and the levels of TH17-cell-associated cytokines), CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells and M1-like macrophages. The anti-tumoural activity of the effector cells was amplified by an agonistic antibody against the co-stimulatory receptor OX40 in multiple mouse models. Nanomaterials that induce TH17-cell-mediated immune responses may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejin Son
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University/Industry-Academia Interactive R&E Center for Bioprocess Innovation, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jutaek Nam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - April S Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jinsung Ahn
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Park
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - May Thazin Phoo
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brett Sherren
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Omid C Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Seer, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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109
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Chemotherapy to potentiate the radiation-induced immune response. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 376:143-173. [PMID: 36997268 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemoradiation (CRT) is a conventional therapy used in local cancers, especially when they are locally advanced. Studies have shown that CRT induces strong anti-tumor responses involving several immune effects in pre-clinical models and humans. In this review, we have described the various immune effects involved in CRT efficacy. Indeed, effects such as immunological cell death, activation and maturation of antigen-presenting cells, and activation of an adaptive anti-tumor immune response are attributed to CRT. As often described in other therapies, various immunosuppressive mechanisms mediated, in particular, by Treg and myeloid populations may reduce the CRT efficacy. We have therefore discussed the relevance of combining CRT with other therapies to potentiate the CRT-induced anti-tumor effects.
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110
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Boraschi D, Duschl A, Lynch I, Stoeger T. Editorial: Exploring impacts of combined exposures to particles and chemicals on immune reactions across living organisms. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1148374. [PMID: 36950145 PMCID: PMC10026952 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1148374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Boraschi
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Napoli, Italy
- China-Italy Joint Laboratory of Pharmacobiotechnology for Medical Immunomodulation (SIAT CNR SZN), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Diana Boraschi,
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Allergy Cancer BioNano Research Center (ACBN), Paris-Lodron Universitaet Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Helmholtz Center Munich, and Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) CPC-M, Munich, Germany
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111
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Gilstrap SR, Hobson JM, Owens MA, White DM, Sammy MJ, Ballinger S, Sorge RE, Goodin BR. Mitochondrial reactivity following acute exposure to experimental pain testing in people with HIV and chronic pain. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231195975. [PMID: 37542365 PMCID: PMC10467217 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231195975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Physical stressors can cause a physiological response that can contribute to an increase in mitochondrial dysfunction and Mitochondrial DNA damage (mtDNA damage). People living with HIV (PWH) are more likely to suffer from chronic pain and may be more susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction following exposure to a stressor. We used Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) as an acute painful stressor in order to investigate whether PWH with/without chronic pain show differential mitochondrial physiological responses. Methods: The current study included PWH with (n = 26), and without (n = 29), chronic pain. Participants completed a single session that lasted approximately 180 min, including QST. Blood was taken prior to and following the QST battery for assays measuring mtDNA damage, mtDNA copy number, and mtDNA damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) levels (i.e., ND1 and ND6). Results: We examined differences between those with and without pain on various indicators of mitochondrial reactivity following exposure to QST. However, only ND6 and mtDNA damage were shown to be statistically significant between pain groups. Conclusion: PWH with chronic pain showed greater mitochondrial reactivity to laboratory stressors. Consequently, PWH and chronic pain may be more susceptible to conditions in which mitochondrial damage/dysfunction play a central role, such as cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R Gilstrap
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joanna M Hobson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael A Owens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dyan M White
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Melissa J Sammy
- Bio-Analytical Research Biology (BARB) Core, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Scott Ballinger
- Bio-Analytical Research Biology (BARB) Core, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert E Sorge
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Burel R Goodin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
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112
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Goswami TK, Singh M, Dhawan M, Mitra S, Emran TB, Rabaan AA, Mutair AA, Alawi ZA, Alhumaid S, Dhama K. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their therapeutic potential against autoimmune disorders - Advances and challenges. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2035117. [PMID: 35240914 PMCID: PMC9009914 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2035117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are caused when immune cells act against self-protein. This biological self-non-self-discrimination phenomenon is controlled by a distinct group of lymphocytes known as regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are key inflammatory response regulators and play a pivotal role in immune tolerance and homeostasis. Treg-mediated robust immunosuppression provides self-tolerance and protection against autoimmune diseases. However, once this system fails to operate or poorly operate, it leads to an extreme situation where immune system reacts against self-antigens and destroys host organs, thus causing autoimmune diseases. Tregs can target both innate and adaptive immunity via modulating multiple immune cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, antigen-presenting cells, B cells, and T cells. This review highlights the Treg-mediated immunosuppression, role of several markers and their interplay during Treg development and differentiation, and advances in therapeutic aspects of Treg cells to reduce severity of autoimmunity-related conditions along with emphasizing limitations and challenges of their usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Kumar Goswami
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Mithilesh Singh
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
- The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester, UK
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Zainab Al Alawi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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113
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Adaptive discrimination between harmful and harmless antigens in the immune system by predictive coding. iScience 2022; 26:105754. [PMID: 36594030 PMCID: PMC9804113 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system discriminates between harmful and harmless antigens based on past experiences; however, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. From the viewpoint of machine learning, the learning system predicts the observation and updates the prediction based on prediction error, a process known as "predictive coding." Here, we modeled the population dynamics of T cells by adopting the concept of predictive coding; conventional and regulatory T cells predict the antigen concentration and excessive immune response, respectively. Their prediction error signals, possibly via cytokines, induce their differentiation to memory T cells. Through numerical simulations, we found that the immune system identifies antigen risks depending on the concentration and input rapidness of the antigen. Further, our model reproduced history-dependent discrimination, as in allergy onset and subsequent therapy. Taken together, this study provided a novel framework to improve our understanding of how the immune system adaptively learns the risks of diverse antigens.
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114
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Frutos MÁ, Crespo M, Valentín MDLO, Alonso-Melgar Á, Alonso J, Fernández C, García-Erauzkin G, González E, González-Rinne AM, Guirado L, Gutiérrez-Dalmau A, Huguet J, Moral JLLD, Musquera M, Paredes D, Redondo D, Revuelta I, Hofstadt CJVD, Alcaraz A, Alonso-Hernández Á, Alonso M, Bernabeu P, Bernal G, Breda A, Cabello M, Caro-Oleas JL, Cid J, Diekmann F, Espinosa L, Facundo C, García M, Gil-Vernet S, Lozano M, Mahillo B, Martínez MJ, Miranda B, Oppenheimer F, Palou E, Pérez-Saez MJ, Peri L, Rodríguez O, Santiago C, Tabernero G, Hernández D, Domínguez-Gil B, Pascual J. Recommendations for living donor kidney transplantation. Nefrologia 2022; 42 Suppl 2:5-132. [PMID: 36503720 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This Guide for Living Donor Kidney Transplantation (LDKT) has been prepared with the sponsorship of the Spanish Society of Nephrology (SEN), the Spanish Transplant Society (SET), and the Spanish National Transplant Organization (ONT). It updates evidence to offer the best chronic renal failure treatment when a potential living donor is available. The core aim of this Guide is to supply clinicians who evaluate living donors and transplant recipients with the best decision-making tools, to optimise their outcomes. Moreover, the role of living donors in the current KT context should recover the level of importance it had until recently. To this end the new forms of incompatible HLA and/or ABO donation, as well as the paired donation which is possible in several hospitals with experience in LDKT, offer additional ways to treat renal patients with an incompatible donor. Good results in terms of patient and graft survival have expanded the range of circumstances under which living renal donors are accepted. Older donors are now accepted, as are others with factors that affect the decision, such as a borderline clinical history or alterations, which when evaluated may lead to an additional number of transplantations. This Guide does not forget that LDKT may lead to risk for the donor. Pre-donation evaluation has to centre on the problems which may arise over the short or long-term, and these have to be described to the potential donor so that they are able take them into account. Experience over recent years has led to progress in risk analysis, to protect donors' health. This aspect always has to be taken into account by LDKT programmes when evaluating potential donors. Finally, this Guide has been designed to aid decision-making, with recommendations and suggestions when uncertainties arise in pre-donation studies. Its overarching aim is to ensure that informed consent is based on high quality studies and information supplied to donors and recipients, offering the strongest possible guarantees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Crespo
- Nephrology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Juana Alonso
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Esther González
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre, Spain
| | | | - Lluis Guirado
- Nephrology Department, Fundacio Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Huguet
- RT Surgical Team, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mireia Musquera
- Urology Department, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Paredes
- Donation and Transplantation Coordination Department, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Revuelta
- Nephrology and RT Department, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Alcaraz
- Urology Department, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Alonso
- Regional Transplantation Coordination, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Gabriel Bernal
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Breda
- RT Surgical Team, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Cabello
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Joan Cid
- Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Haemotherapy and Haemostasis Department, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fritz Diekmann
- Nephrology and RT Department, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Espinosa
- Paediatric Nephrology Department, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Facundo
- Nephrology Department, Fundacio Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Miquel Lozano
- Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Haemotherapy and Haemostasis Department, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Eduard Palou
- Immunology Department, Hospital Clinic i Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lluis Peri
- Urology Department, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Domingo Hernández
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Julio Pascual
- Nephrology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
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Yeo L, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Para R, Johnson J, Kmak D, Jung EJ, Yoon BH, Hsu CD. Resolution of acute cervical insufficiency after antibiotics in a case with amniotic fluid sludge. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:5416-5426. [PMID: 33596766 PMCID: PMC8521637 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1881477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cervical insufficiency generally refers to a condition in which there is mid-trimester cervical dilatation or protruding chorioamniotic membranes in the absence of uterine contractions. Such condition is a risk factor for spontaneous mid-trimester abortion or early preterm birth, and is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Both intra-amniotic infection and inflammation ascertained by amniocentesis have been identified in patients with cervical insufficiency, and are poor prognostic factors. A subset of patients with intra-amniotic inflammation will have no demonstrable microorganisms detected via cultivation or molecular methods, and therefore represent cases of sterile intra-amniotic inflammation. Amniotic fluid sludge (free-floating hyperechogenic material within the amniotic fluid in close proximity to the uterine cervix) identified on sonography is a biomarker for intra-amniotic infection and inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that intra-amniotic infection, as well as sterile intra-amniotic inflammation can be treated successfully using antimicrobial agents. We report a unique case in which administration of antibiotics in the presence of mid-trimester cervical insufficiency, sterile intra-amniotic inflammation, and amniotic fluid sludge was associated with resolution of the cervical findings, as demonstrated on both sonographic and speculum examination. The patient successfully underwent elective cesarean delivery at 36-2/7 weeks of gestation. This case illustrates that antibiotic therapy may be effective despite the presence of several high-risk pregnancy conditions, and that successful outcome is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert Para
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey Johnson
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - David Kmak
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Eun Jung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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116
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Thomson P, Hammond S, Naisbitt DJ. Pathology of drug hypersensitivity reactions and mechanisms of immune tolerance. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:1379-1390. [PMID: 36177544 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Immune-mediated type IV adverse drug reactions are idiosyncratic in nature, generally not related to the primary or secondary pharmacology of the drug. Due to their complex nature and rarity, these iatrogenic reactions are seldom predicted or encountered during preclinical/early clinical development stages, and often precipitate upon exposure to wider populations (i.e. phase III onwards). They confer a burden on the healthcare sector in both a clinical and financial sense presenting a severe impediment to the drug discovery and development process. Research over the past 50 years has improved our understanding of these reactions markedly as both in vitro and in vivo studies have placed the role of the immune system, in particular; drug-responsive T cells, firmly in the spotlight as the mediators of these reactions. Indeed, the role of different populations of T cells in adverse events and the interaction of drug molecules with HLA proteins expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells is of considerable interest. Herein, this review examines the pathways of immune-mediated adverse events including the various T cell subtypes implicated and the mechanisms of T cell activation. Additionally, we address the enigma of immunological tolerance and explore the role tolerance plays in determination of susceptibility to such adverse events even in individuals carrying immunogenic liabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Thomson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sean Hammond
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,ApconiX, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, UK
| | - Dean J Naisbitt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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117
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Lee KY. Common immunopathogenesis of central nervous system diseases: the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:184. [PMCID: PMC9668226 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThere are hundreds of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, but there are few diseases for which the etiology or pathogenesis is understood as well as those of other organ-specific diseases. Cells in the CNS are selectively protected from external and internal insults by the blood–brain barrier. Thus, the neuroimmune system, including microglia and immune proteins, might control external or internal insults that the adaptive immune system cannot control or mitigate. The pathologic findings differ by disease and show a state of inflammation that reflects the relationship between etiological or inflammation-inducing substances and corresponding immune reactions. Current immunological concepts about infectious diseases and infection-associated immune-mediated diseases, including those in the CNS, can only partly explain the pathophysiology of disease because they are based on the idea that host cell injury is caused by pathogens. Because every disease involves etiological or triggering substances for disease-onset, the protein-homeostasis-system (PHS) hypothesis proposes that the immune systems in the host control those substances according to the size and biochemical properties of the substances. In this article, I propose a common immunopathogenesis of CNS diseases, including prion diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, and genetic diseases, through the PHS hypothesis.
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118
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Liu S, Li J, Gu L, Wu K, Xing H. Nanoparticles for Chemoimmunotherapy Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5209-5227. [PMID: 36388877 PMCID: PMC9651025 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s388075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits high recurrence and mortality rates because of the lack of effective treatment targets. Surgery and traditional chemotherapy are the primary treatment options. Immunotherapy shows high potential for treating various cancers but exhibits limited efficacy against TNBC as a monotherapy. Chemoimmunotherapy has broad prospects for applications for cancer treatment conferred through the synergistic immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapeutic strategies. However, improving the efficacy of synergistic therapy and reducing the side effects of multiple drugs remain to be the main challenges in chemoimmunotherapy against TNBC. Nanocarriers can target both cancer and immune cells, promote drug accumulation, and show minimal toxicity, making them ideal delivery systems for chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents. In this review, we introduce the immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapy and combined mechanisms of chemoimmunotherapy, followed by a summary of nanoparticle-mediated chemoimmunotherapeutic strategies used for treating TNBC. This up-to-date synthesis of relevant findings in the field merits contemplation, while considering avenues of investigation to enable advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Gu
- Breast Surgery, Jilin Province Tumor Hospital, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunzhe Wu
- Department of Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Xing
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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119
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Bretscher PA. Analyzing some concepts of immune regulation of the last three decades: Fostering greater research resilience despite the information overload. A personal view. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960742. [PMID: 36405696 PMCID: PMC9666764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in whether increased investment in science, made by society, pays dividends. Some plausibly argue the increased rate of production of information results in an ossification of the canon. Reports, challenging the canon, fall by the wayside. The field thus becomes increasingly complex, reflecting not so much the reality of nature but how we investigate the subject. I suggest that focusing on and resolving the paradoxes evident within a canon will free the logjam, resulting in more resilient research. Immunology is among the fastest growing of biological sciences and is, I suggest, an appropriate case study. I examine the commonly accepted frameworks employed over the last three decades to address two major, related immunological questions: what determines whether antigen activates or inactivates CD4 T cells, and so whether immune responses are initiated or this potential ablated; secondly, what determines the Th subset to which the activated Th cells belong, thus determining the class of immunity generated. I show there are major paradoxes within these frameworks, neglected for decades. I propose how research focused on resolving paradoxes can be better fostered, and so support the evolution of the canon. This perspective is pertinent in facing critical issues on how immune responses are regulated, and to more general issues of both the philosophy of science and of science policy.The last section is in response to questions and comments of the reviewers. It brings together several considerations to express my view: the same frameworks, formulated in response to the two questions, are useful in understanding the regulation of the immune response against model antigens, against self and foreign antigens, those of tumors and of pathogens.
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120
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Gragnaniello V, Pijnappel PW, Burlina AP, In 't Groen SL, Gueraldi D, Cazzorla C, Maines E, Polo G, Salviati L, Di Salvo G, Burlina AB. Newborn screening for Pompe disease in Italy: Long-term results and future challenges. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 33:100929. [PMID: 36310651 PMCID: PMC9597184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease (PD) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder caused by a lysosomal acid α-glucosidase (GAA) deficiency. Enzymatic replacement therapy is available, but early diagnosis by newborn screening (NBS) is essential for early treatment and better outcomes, especially with more severe forms. We present results from 7 years of NBS for PD and the management of infantile-onset (IOPD) and late-onset (LOPD) patients, during which we sought candidate predictive parameters of phenotype severity at baseline and during follow-up. We used a tandem mass spectrometry assay for α-glucosidase activity to screen 206,741 newborns and identified 39 positive neonates (0.019%). Eleven had two pathogenic variants of the GAA gene (3 IOPD, 8 LOPD); six carried variants of uncertain significance (VUS). IOPD patients were treated promptly and had good outcomes. LOPD and infants with VUS were followed; all were asymptomatic at the last visit (mean age 3.4 years, range 0.5–5.5). Urinary glucose tetrasaccharide was a useful and biomarker for rapidly differentiating IOPD from LOPD and monitoring response to therapy during follow-up. Our study, the largest reported to date in Europe, presents data from longstanding NBS for PD, revealing an incidence in North East Italy of 1/18,795 (IOPD 1/68,914; LOPD 1/25,843), and the absence of mortality in IOPD treated from birth. In LOPD, rigorous long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate the best time to start therapy. The high pseudodeficiency frequency, ethical issues with early LOPD diagnosis, and difficulty predicting phenotypes based on biochemical parameters and genotypes, especially in LOPD, need further study.
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Key Words
- Acid α-glucosidase
- CLIR, Collaborative Laboratory Integrated Reports
- CRIM, cross-reactive immunological material
- DBS, dried blood spot
- DMF, digital microfluidics
- ECG, electrocardiogram
- EF, ejection fraction
- EMG, electromyography
- ERT, enzyme replacement therapy
- Enzyme replacement therapy
- GAA, acid α-glucosidase
- GMFM-88, Gross Motor Function Measure
- Glc4, glucose tetrasaccharide
- IOPD, infantile-onset Pompe disease
- ITI, immunotolerance induction
- LOPD, late-onset Pompe disease
- LVMI, left ventricular max index
- MFM-20, motor function measurement
- MRC, Medical Research Council Scale
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry
- NBS, newborn screening
- Newborn screening
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PD, Pompe disease
- PPV, positive predictive value
- Pompe disease
- RUSP, Recommended Uniform Screening Panel
- Tandem mass-spectrometry
- Urinary tetrasaccharide
- VUS, variants of uncertain significance.
- nv, normal values
- rhGAA, recombinant human GAA
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Gragnaniello
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Pim W.W.M. Pijnappel
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Stijn L.M. In 't Groen
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniela Gueraldi
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Cazzorla
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Evelina Maines
- Division of Pediatrics, S. Chiara General Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Giulia Polo
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, and Myology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Salvo
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto B. Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
- Corresponding author at: Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, via Orus 2/c, 35129 Padua, Italy.
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García-Sancha N, Corchado-Cobos R, Gómez-Vecino A, Jiménez-Navas A, Pérez-Baena MJ, Blanco-Gómez A, Holgado-Madruga M, Mao JH, Cañueto J, Castillo-Lluva S, Mendiburu-Eliçabe M, Pérez-Losada J. Evolutionary Origins of Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012063. [PMID: 36292921 PMCID: PMC9603151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes that facilitate tumor growth are one of the hallmarks of cancer. These changes are not specific to tumors but also take place during the physiological growth of tissues. Indeed, the cellular and tissue mechanisms present in the tumor have their physiological counterpart in the repair of tissue lesions and wound healing. These molecular mechanisms have been acquired during metazoan evolution, first to eliminate the infection of the tissue injury, then to enter an effective regenerative phase. Cancer itself could be considered a phenomenon of antagonistic pleiotropy of the genes involved in effective tissue repair. Cancer and tissue repair are complex traits that share many intermediate phenotypes at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels, and all of these are integrated within a Systems Biology structure. Complex traits are influenced by a multitude of common genes, each with a weak effect. This polygenic component of complex traits is mainly unknown and so makes up part of the missing heritability. Here, we try to integrate these different perspectives from the point of view of the metabolic changes observed in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia García-Sancha
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Roberto Corchado-Cobos
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Aurora Gómez-Vecino
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez-Navas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Jesús Pérez-Baena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Adrián Blanco-Gómez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marina Holgado-Madruga
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Javier Cañueto
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia Castillo-Lluva
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Mendiburu-Eliçabe
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.-E.); (J.P.-L.)
| | - Jesús Pérez-Losada
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.-E.); (J.P.-L.)
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Brieske C, Lamprecht P, Kerstein-Staehle A. Immunogenic cell death as driver of autoimmunity in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007092. [PMID: 36275673 PMCID: PMC9583010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death and dysregulated clearance of dead cells play essential roles in the induction of chronic inflammatory processes and autoimmune diseases. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), a neutrophil-driven autoimmune disorder, is characterized by necrotizing inflammation predominantly of the respiratory tract and an anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Defective regulation of neutrophil homeostasis and cell death mechanisms have been demonstrated in GPA. Disturbed efferocytosis (i.e., phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages) as well as cell death-related release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) contribute to chronic non-resolving inflammation in GPA. DAMP have been shown to induce innate as well as adaptive cellular responses thereby creating a prerequisite for the development of pathogenic autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss factors contributing to as well as the impact of regulated cell death (RCD) accompanied by DAMP-release as early drivers of the granulomatous tissue inflammation and autoimmune responses in GPA.
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123
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Yang ZJ, Wang TT, Wang BY, Gao H, He CW, Shang HW, Lu X, Wang Y, Xu JD. Deeper insight into the role of IL-17 in the relationship beween hypertension and intestinal physiology. J Inflamm (Lond) 2022; 19:14. [PMID: 36195874 PMCID: PMC9530412 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With the incidence of hypertension increasing worldwide, more and more the mechanisms of hypertension from the perspective of immunity have found. Intestinal microbiota as well as its metabolites relationship with hypertension has attracted great attention from both clinicians and investigators. However, the associations of hypertension with lesions of a large number of immune factors including IL-17, MCP-1, IL-6, TGF-β, IL-10 and others have not been fully characterized. In this review, after introducing the immune factors as the most potent anti/pro-hypertension agents known, we provide detailed descriptions of the IL-17 involved in the pathology of hypertension, pointing out the underlying mechanisms and suggesting the clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jun Yang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XClinical Medicine of “5+3”program, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Ya Wang
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gao
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Wei He
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wei Shang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XMorphological Experiment Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XMorphological Experiment Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- grid.414373.60000 0004 1758 1243Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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124
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Delgado M, Lennon-Duménil AM. How cell migration helps immune sentinels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:932472. [PMID: 36268510 PMCID: PMC9577558 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.932472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system relies on the migratory capacity of its cellular components, which must be mobile in order to defend the host from invading micro-organisms or malignant cells. This applies in particular to immune sentinels from the myeloid lineage, i.e. macrophages and dendritic cells. Cell migration is already at work during mammalian early development, when myeloid cell precursors migrate from the yolk sac, an extra embryonic structure, to colonize tissues and form the pool of tissue-resident macrophages. Later, this is accompanied by a migration wave of precursors and monocytes from the bone marrow to secondary lymphoid organs and the peripheral tissues. They differentiate into DCs and monocyte-derived macrophages. During adult life, cell migration endows immune cells with the ability to patrol their environment as well as to circulate between peripheral tissues and lymphoid organs. Hence migration of immune cells is key to building an efficient defense system for an organism. In this review, we will describe how cell migratory capacity regulates the various stages in the life of myeloid cells from development to tissue patrolling, and migration to lymph nodes. We will focus on the role of the actin cytoskeletal machinery and its regulators, and how it contributes to the establishment and function of the immune system.
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125
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Mason HD, McGavern DB. How the immune system shapes neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:733-748. [PMID: 36075783 PMCID: PMC9746609 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a major cause of death and disability worldwide and are influenced by many factors including age, genetics, and injuries. While these diseases are often thought to result from the accumulation and spread of aberrant proteins, recent studies have demonstrated that they can be shaped by the innate and adaptive immune system. Resident myeloid cells typically mount a sustained response to the degenerating CNS, but peripheral leukocytes such as T and B cells can also alter disease trajectories. Here, we review the sometimes-dichotomous roles played by immune cells during neurodegenerative diseases and explore how brain trauma can serve as a disease initiator or accelerant. We also offer insights into how failure to properly resolve a CNS injury might promote the development of a neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah D Mason
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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126
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Xiong XP, Liang W, Liu W, Xu S, Li JL, Tito A, Situ J, Martinez D, Wu C, Perera RJ, Zhang S, Zhou R. The circular RNA Edis regulates neurodevelopment and innate immunity. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010429. [PMID: 36301822 PMCID: PMC9612488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely expressed in eukaryotes. However, only a subset has been functionally characterized. We identify and validate a collection of circRNAs in Drosophila, and show that depletion of the brain-enriched circRNA Edis (circ_Ect4) causes hyperactivation of antibacterial innate immunity both in cultured cells and in vivo. Notably, Edis depleted flies display heightened resistance to bacterial infection and enhanced pathogen clearance. Conversely, ectopic Edis expression blocks innate immunity signaling. In addition, inactivation of Edis in vivo leads to impaired locomotor activity and shortened lifespan. Remarkably, these phenotypes can be recapitulated with neuron-specific depletion of Edis, accompanied by defective neurodevelopment. Furthermore, inactivation of Relish suppresses the innate immunity hyperactivation phenotype in the fly brain. Moreover, we provide evidence that Edis encodes a functional protein that associates with and compromises the processing and activation of the immune transcription factor Relish. Importantly, restoring Edis expression or ectopic expression of Edis-encoded protein suppresses both innate immunity and neurodevelopment phenotypes elicited by Edis depletion. Thus, our study establishes Edis as a key regulator of neurodevelopment and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Xiong
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program; NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Weihong Liang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute. Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute. Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shiyu Xu
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program; NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Antonio Tito
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Julia Situ
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program; NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Chunlai Wu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ranjan J. Perera
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program; NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute. Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sheng Zhang
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Programs in Genetics & Epigenetics and Neuroscience, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rui Zhou
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program; NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute. Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
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Srinivasan M, Clarke R, Kraikivski P. Mathematical Models of Death Signaling Networks. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1402. [PMID: 37420422 PMCID: PMC9602293 DOI: 10.3390/e24101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the progress made by computational and systems biologists in characterizing different cell death regulatory mechanisms that constitute the cell death network. We define the cell death network as a comprehensive decision-making mechanism that controls multiple death execution molecular circuits. This network involves multiple feedback and feed-forward loops and crosstalk among different cell death-regulating pathways. While substantial progress has been made in characterizing individual cell death execution pathways, the cell death decision network is poorly defined and understood. Certainly, understanding the dynamic behavior of such complex regulatory mechanisms can be only achieved by applying mathematical modeling and system-oriented approaches. Here, we provide an overview of mathematical models that have been developed to characterize different cell death mechanisms and intend to identify future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Srinivasan
- College of Architecture, Arts, and Design, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Pavel Kraikivski
- Academy of Integrated Science, Division of Systems Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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128
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Chen H, Lv L, Liang R, Guo W, Liao Z, Chen Y, Zhu K, Huang R, Zhao H, Pu Q, Yuan Z, Zeng Z, Zheng X, Feng S, Qi X, Cai D. miR-486 improves fibrotic activity in myocardial infarction by targeting SRSF3/p21-Mediated cardiac myofibroblast senescence. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5135-5149. [PMID: 36117396 PMCID: PMC9575141 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of fibrotic activities is key to improving pathological remodelling post‐myocardial infarction (MI). Currently, in the clinic, safe and curative therapies for cardiac fibrosis and improvement of the pathological fibrotic environment, scar formation and pathological remodelling post‐MI are lacking. Previous studies have shown that miR‐486 is involved in the regulation of fibrosis. However, it is still unclear how miR‐486 functions in post‐MI regeneration. Here, we first demonstrated that miR‐486 targeting SRSF3/p21 mediates the senescence of cardiac myofibroblasts to improve their fibrotic activity, which benefits the regeneration of MI by limiting scar size and post‐MI remodelling. miR‐486‐targeted silencing has high potential as a novel target to improve fibrotic activity, cardiac fibrosis and pathological remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luocheng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaofu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuikui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruijin Huang
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Hui Zhao
- Stem Cell and Regeneration TRP, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qin Pu
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Ziqiang Yuan
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Medical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson of Medical School, USA
| | - Zhaohua Zeng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xufeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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129
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Nica V, Popp RA, Crișan TO, Joosten LAB. The future clinical implications of trained immunity. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:1125-1134. [PMID: 36062825 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2120470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trained Immunity (TI) refers to the long-term modulation of the innate immune response, based on previous interactions with microbes, microbial ligands or endogenous substances. Through metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming, monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils develop an enhanced capacity to mount innate immune responses to subsequent stimuli and this is persistent due to alterations at the myeloid progenitor compartment. AREAS COVERED The purpose of this article is to review the current understanding of the TI process and discuss about its potential clinical implications in the near future. We address the evidence of TI involvement in various diseases, the currently developed new therapy, and discuss how TI may lead to new clinical tools to improve existing standards of care. EXPERT OPINION The state of art in this domain has made considerable progress, linking TI-related mechanisms in multiple immune-mediated pathologies, starting with infections to autoimmune disorders and cancers. As a relatively new area of immunology, it has seen fast progress with many of its applications ready to be investigated in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Nica
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Pasteur nr. 6, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu A Popp
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Pasteur nr. 6, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tania O Crișan
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Pasteur nr. 6, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Pasteur nr. 6, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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130
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Application of Artificial Immune Systems in Advanced Manufacturing. ARRAY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.array.2022.100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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131
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van Romunde SHM, Vergouwen DPC, Iacovello D, Roelen DL, Verdijk RM, Ten Berge JCEM, Pertile G, Schreurs MWJ, van Meurs JC. Destructive inflammatory reaction after an autologous retinal pigment epithelium and choroid transplantation: no detection of an auto-immune response. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2022; 12:27. [PMID: 36018390 PMCID: PMC9418395 DOI: 10.1186/s12348-022-00305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Five patients who underwent uncomplicated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid transplantation for neovascular age-related macular degeneration developed a destructive inflammatory reaction causing subretinal fluid accumulation and extensive RPE atrophy in the graft. We hypothesized that this inflammation could be caused by an auto-immune response against the graft, resulting in circulating auto-antibodies. The aim of our study was to examine a potential autoimmune origin, which would allow a more targeted therapy approach. Methods Five above-mentioned patients and four control groups of five patients each were included: 1) after uncomplicated RPE-choroid transplantation, 2) after full macular translocation, 3) treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, and 4) healthy controls. Histopathology of rejected graft tissue was performed using standard procedures. Presence of RPE-choroid autoantibodies in serum was examined by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was performed. Results Histopathological examination of an explanted graft showed infiltration of T-lymphocytes and macrophages in the choroid and RPE, and an increased number of B-cell lymphocytes were found in the choroid. Indirect immunofluorescence showed weak RPE-choroid autoantibody immunoreactivity in three patients of different groups. Western blot did not show specific RPE-choroid autoantibody immunoreactivity and no difference of HLA genotypes between the groups was found. Conclusions Although local mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration and a high number of B-lymphocytes were observed in an explanted graft, we did not detect serological evidence of an autoimmune origin of the postoperative inflammation using direct immunofluorescence and Western Blot. Alternatively, the graft failure may have been caused by local innate inflammation, triggered by breakdown of tolerance. Based on our current findings of this small study group, we have no rationale to pursue therapies targeted towards autoreactive graft failure. More research is needed to confirm our findings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12348-022-00305-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia H M van Romunde
- Department of Vitreoretinal surgery, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Schiedamse Vest 180 - 3011BH, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Daphne P C Vergouwen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniela Iacovello
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Viale Rizzardi, 437024, Negrar, Italy
| | - Dave L Roelen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden Universitary Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Vitreoretinal surgery, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Schiedamse Vest 180 - 3011BH, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Section Ophthalmic Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Leiden Universitary Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Josianne C E M Ten Berge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Grazia Pertile
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Viale Rizzardi, 437024, Negrar, Italy
| | - Marco W J Schreurs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan C van Meurs
- Department of Vitreoretinal surgery, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Schiedamse Vest 180 - 3011BH, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Churilov LP, Normatov MG, Utekhin VJ. Molecular Mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and Human Endocrinocytes: A Prerequisite of Post-COVID-19 Endocrine Autoimmunity? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29:486-494. [PMID: 36136066 PMCID: PMC9504401 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology29030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mimicry between human and microbial/viral/parasite peptides is common and has long been associated with the etiology of autoimmune disorders provoked by exogenous pathogens. A growing body of evidence accumulated in recent years suggests a strong correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and autoimmunity. The article analyzes the immunogenic potential of the peptides shared between the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S-protein) and antigens of human endocrinocytes involved in most common autoimmune endocrinopathies. A total of 14 pentapeptides shared by the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal cortex autoantigens and beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans were identified, all of them belong to the immunoreactive epitopes of SARS-CoV-2. The discussion of the findings relates the results to the clinical correlates of COVID-19-associated autoimmune endocrinopathies. The most common of these illnesses is an autoimmune thyroid disease, so the majority of shared pentapeptides belong to the marker autoantigens of this disease. The most important in pathogenesis of severe COVID-19, according to the authors, may be autoimmunity against adrenals because their adequate response prevents excessive systemic action of the inflammatory mediators causing cytokine storm and hemodynamic shock. A critique of the antigenic mimicry concept is given with an assertion that peptide sharing is not a guarantee but only a prerequisite for provoking autoimmunity based on the molecular mimicry. The latter event occurs in carriers of certain HLA haplotypes and when a shared peptide is only used in antigen processing
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid P. Churilov
- The Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Department of Pathology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- The St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (L.P.C.); (M.G.N.); (V.J.U.)
| | - Muslimbek G. Normatov
- The Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Department of Pathology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (L.P.C.); (M.G.N.); (V.J.U.)
| | - Vladimir J. Utekhin
- The Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Department of Pathology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- The Department of Pathophysiology, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (L.P.C.); (M.G.N.); (V.J.U.)
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Pignatelli C, Campo F, Neroni A, Piemonti L, Citro A. Bioengineering the Vascularized Endocrine Pancreas: A Fine-Tuned Interplay Between Vascularization, Extracellular-Matrix-Based Scaffold Architecture, and Insulin-Producing Cells. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10555. [PMID: 36090775 PMCID: PMC9452644 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic islet transplantation is a promising β-cell replacement strategy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Instant blood-mediated inflammatory reactions, acute inflammatory storm, and graft revascularization delay limit islet engraftment in the peri-transplant phase, hampering the success rate of the procedure. Growing evidence has demonstrated that islet engraftment efficiency may take advantage of several bioengineering approaches aimed to recreate both vascular and endocrine compartments either ex vivo or in vivo. To this end, endocrine pancreas bioengineering is an emerging field in β-cell replacement, which might provide endocrine cells with all the building blocks (vascularization, ECM composition, or micro/macro-architecture) useful for their successful engraftment and function in vivo. Studies on reshaping either the endocrine cellular composition or the islet microenvironment have been largely performed, focusing on a single building block element, without, however, grasping that their synergistic effect is indispensable for correct endocrine function. Herein, the review focuses on the minimum building blocks that an ideal vascularized endocrine scaffold should have to resemble the endocrine niche architecture, composition, and function to foster functional connections between the vascular and endocrine compartments. Additionally, this review highlights the possibility of designing bioengineered scaffolds integrating alternative endocrine sources to overcome donor organ shortages and the possibility of combining novel immune-preserving strategies for long-term graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cataldo Pignatelli
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Campo
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Neroni
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Citro
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Johnstone M, Vinaixa D, Turi M, Morelli E, Anderson KC, Gulla A. Promises and Challenges of Immunogenic Chemotherapy in Multiple Myeloma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162519. [PMID: 36010596 PMCID: PMC9406519 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological tolerance of myeloma cells represents a critical obstacle in achieving long-term disease-free survival for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Over the past two decades, remarkable preclinical efforts to understand MM biology have led to the clinical approval of several targeted and immunotherapeutic agents. Among them, it is now clear that chemotherapy can also make cancer cells “visible” to the immune system and thus reactivate anti-tumor immunity. This knowledge represents an important resource in the treatment paradigm of MM, whereas immune dysfunction constitutes a clear obstacle to the cure of the disease. In this review, we highlight the importance of defining the immunological effects of chemotherapy in MM with the goal of enhancing the clinical management of patients. This area of investigation will open new avenues of research to identify novel immunogenic anti-MM agents and inform the optimal integration of chemotherapy with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Johnstone
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Delaney Vinaixa
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marcello Turi
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kenneth Carl Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (K.C.A.); (A.G.); Tel.: +1-617-632-2144 (K.C.A.); +1-617-632-6638 (A.G.); Fax: +1-617-632-2140 (K.C.A. & A.G.)
| | - Annamaria Gulla
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (K.C.A.); (A.G.); Tel.: +1-617-632-2144 (K.C.A.); +1-617-632-6638 (A.G.); Fax: +1-617-632-2140 (K.C.A. & A.G.)
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Luo ZH, Li Y, Wang YL, Zhang ZP, Zou PF. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of HMGB1 and HMGB2 in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:855-865. [PMID: 35850457 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and HMGB2 have been demonstrated to be key regulators not only in DNA recombination, replication, gene transcription, but also in host inflammation and immune responses. In the present study, orthologs of HMGB1 and HMGB2 named Lc-HMGB1 and Lc-HMGB2 were characterized in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The ORFs of Lc-HMGB1 and Lc-HMGB2 are 621 bp and 648 bp, encoding proteins of 206 aa and 215 aa, with the putative Lc-HMGB1 and Lc-HMGB2 proteins both contain two HMG domains, respectively. The genome organizations of Lc-HMGB1 and Lc-HMGB2 are both composed of four exons and three introns, which are conserved in vertebrates. Lc-HMGB1 and Lc-HMGB2 were identified as cell nucleus localized proteins, and were ubiquitously distributed in the examined organs/tissues. Additionally, Lc-HMGB1 was significantly up-regulated under LPS and PGN stimulation, whereas the stimulation of poly I:C, LPS, PGN, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida infection could significantly induce Lc-HMGB2 expression in vivo. Notably, both Lc-HMGB1 and Lc-HMGB2 overexpression could significantly up-regulated the expression of diverse immune-related genes, including IFN1, IRF3, ISG15, ISG56, RSAD2, g-type lysozyme, and TNF-α. Moreover, overexpression of Lc-HMGB1 could also induce the expression of IRF7 and Mx. These results collectively indicate that Lc-HMGB1 and Lc-HMGB2 play important roles in host immune responses against pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ornamental Aquarium Engineering Research Centre in University of Fujian Province, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Estuarine Ecological Security and Environmental Health, Tan Kah Kee College, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, 363105, China.
| | - Yi Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ornamental Aquarium Engineering Research Centre in University of Fujian Province, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China; State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, Fujian Province, 352103, China
| | - Zi Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, Fujian Province, 352103, China; College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, China
| | - Peng Fei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ornamental Aquarium Engineering Research Centre in University of Fujian Province, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China.
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Gama JFG, Cardoso LMDF, Bisaggio RDC, Lagrota-Candido J, Henriques-Pons A, Alves LA. Immunological Tolerance in Liver Transplant Recipients: Putative Involvement of Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152327. [PMID: 35954171 PMCID: PMC9367574 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The transplantation world changed significantly following the introduction of immunosuppressants, with millions of people saved. Several physicians have noted that liver recipients that do not take their medication for different reasons became tolerant regarding kidney, heart, and lung transplantations at higher frequencies. Most studies have attempted to explain this phenomenon through unique immunological mechanisms and the fact that the hepatic environment is continuously exposed to high levels of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or non-pathogenic microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) from commensal flora. These components are highly inflammatory in the periphery but tolerated in the liver as part of the normal components that arrive via the hepatic portal vein. These immunological mechanisms are discussed herein based on current evidence, although we hypothesize the participation of neuroendocrine-immune pathways, which have played a relevant role in autoimmune diseases. Cells found in the liver present receptors for several cytokines, hormones, peptides, and neurotransmitters that would allow for system crosstalk. Furthermore, the liver is innervated by the autonomic system and may, thus, be influenced by the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. This review therefore seeks to discuss classical immunological hepatic tolerance mechanisms and hypothesizes the possible participation of the neuroendocrine-immune system based on the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaciara Fernanda Gomes Gama
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Avenue, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; (J.F.G.G.); (L.M.d.F.C.)
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Immunobiology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Gragoatá Bl-M Campus, Niterói 24210-200, Brazil;
| | - Liana Monteiro da Fonseca Cardoso
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Avenue, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; (J.F.G.G.); (L.M.d.F.C.)
| | - Rodrigo da Cunha Bisaggio
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20270-021, Brazil;
| | - Jussara Lagrota-Candido
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Immunobiology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Gragoatá Bl-M Campus, Niterói 24210-200, Brazil;
| | - Andrea Henriques-Pons
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education, and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil;
| | - Luiz A. Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Avenue, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; (J.F.G.G.); (L.M.d.F.C.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-(21)-2562-1816 (ext. 1841)
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137
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Salcedo-Porras N, Oliveira PL, Guarneri AA, Lowenberger C. A fat body transcriptome analysis of the immune responses of Rhodnius prolixus to artificial infections with bacteria. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:269. [PMID: 35906633 PMCID: PMC9335980 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodnius prolixus is an important vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease in humans. Despite the medical importance of this and other triatomine vectors, the study of their immune responses has been limited to a few molecular pathways and processes. Insect immunity studies were first described for holometabolous insects such as Drosophila melanogaster, and it was assumed that their immune responses were conserved in all insects. However, study of the immune responses of triatomines and other hemimetabolous insects has revealed discrepancies between these and the Drosophila model. METHODS To expand our understanding of innate immune responses of triatomines to pathogens, we injected fifth instar nymphs of R. prolixus with the Gram-negative (Gr-) bacterium Enterobacter cloacae, the Gram-positive (Gr+) bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and evaluated transcript expression in the fat body 8 and 24 h post-injection (hpi). We analyzed the differential expression of transcripts at each time point, and across time, for each treatment. RESULTS At 8 hpi, the Gr- bacteria-injected group had a large number of differentially expressed (DE) transcripts, and most of the changes in transcript expression were maintained at 24 hpi. In the Gr+ bacteria treatment, few DE transcripts were detected at 8 hpi, but a large number of transcripts were DE at 24 hpi. Unexpectedly, the PBS control also had a large number of DE transcripts at 24 hpi. Very few DE transcripts were common to the different treatments and time points, indicating a high specificity of the immune responses of R. prolixus to different pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides known to be induced by the immune deficiency pathway were induced upon Gr- bacterial infection. Many transcripts of genes from the Toll pathway that are thought to participate in responses to Gr+ bacteria and fungi were induced by both bacteria and PBS treatment. Pathogen recognition receptors and serine protease cascade transcripts were also overexpressed after Gr- bacteria and PBS injections. Gr- injection also upregulated transcripts involved in the metabolism of tyrosine, a major substrate involved in the melanotic encapsulation response to pathogens. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal time-dependent pathogen-specific regulation of immune responses in triatomines, and hint at strong interactions between the immune deficiency and Toll pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Salcedo-Porras
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Pedro Lagerblad Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco D. Prédio do CCS, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Alessandra Aparecida Guarneri
- Vector Behavior and Pathogen Interaction Group, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 30190-009 Brazil
| | - Carl Lowenberger
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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138
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Bretscher PA. An integrated view of immunological tolerance. Scand J Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Bretscher
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine University of Saskatchewan S7N 5E5 Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
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139
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Zerra PE, Parker ET, Baldwin WH, Healey JF, Patel SR, McCoy JW, Cox C, Stowell SR, Meeks SL. Engineering a Therapeutic Protein to Enhance the Study of Anti-Drug Immunity. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1724. [PMID: 35885029 PMCID: PMC9313379 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of anti-drug antibodies represents a significant barrier to the utilization of protein-based therapies for a wide variety of diseases. While the rate of antibody formation can vary depending on the therapeutic employed and the target patient population receiving the drug, the antigen-specific immune response underlying the development of anti-drug antibodies often remains difficult to define. This is especially true for patients with hemophilia A who, following exposure, develop antibodies against the coagulation factor, factor VIII (FVIII). Models capable of studying this response in an antigen-specific manner have been lacking. To overcome this challenge, we engineered FVIII to contain a peptide (323-339) from the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA), a very common tool used to study antigen-specific immunity. FVIII with an OVA peptide (FVIII-OVA) retained clotting activity and possessed the ability to activate CD4 T cells specific to OVA323-339 in vitro. When compared to FVIII alone, FVIII-OVA also exhibited a similar level of immunogenicity, suggesting that the presence of OVA323-339 does not substantially alter the anti-FVIII immune response. Intriguingly, while little CD4 T cell response could be observed following exposure to FVIII-OVA alone, inclusion of anti-FVIII antibodies, recently shown to favorably modulate anti-FVIII immune responses, significantly enhanced CD4 T cell activation following FVIII-OVA exposure. These results demonstrate that model antigens can be incorporated into a therapeutic protein to study antigen-specific responses and more specifically that the CD4 T cell response to FVIII-OVA can be augmented by pre-existing anti-FVIII antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E. Zerra
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.E.Z.); (J.W.M.)
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Ernest T. Parker
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Wallace Hunter Baldwin
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - John F. Healey
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Seema R. Patel
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - James W. McCoy
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.E.Z.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Courtney Cox
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Sean R. Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shannon L. Meeks
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
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Masaoutis C, Palamaris K, Kokkali S, Levidou G, Theocharis S. Unraveling the Immune Microenvironment of Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Implications for Autoimmunity and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147864. [PMID: 35887212 PMCID: PMC9323059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic Epithelial Tumors (TETs) represent a rare tumor family, originating from the epithelial component of the thymus gland. Clinicopathologically, they are segregated into six major subtypes, associated with distinct histological features and clinical outcomes. Their emergence and evolution are accompanied by the generation of a complex tumor microenvironment (TME), dominated by phenotypically and functionally divergent immune cellular subsets, in different maturation states and in analogies that vary significantly among different subtypes. These heterogenous leukocyte populations exert either immune-permissive and tumor-suppressive functions or vice versa, and the dynamic equilibrium established among them either dictates the tumor immune milieu towards an immune-tolerance state or enables the development of a productive spontaneous tumoricidal response. The immunologically “hot” microenvironment, defining a significant proportion of TETs, makes them a promising candidate for the implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). A number of phase I and II clinical trials have already demonstrated significant, type-specific clinical efficacy of PD-L1 inhibitors, even though substantial limitations in their utilization derive from their immune-mediated adverse effects. Moreover, the completed clinical studies involved relatively restricted patient samples and an expansion in the enrolled cohorts is required, so that more trustworthy conclusions regarding the benefit from ICIs in TETs can be extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Masaoutis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Str., Bld 10, Goudi, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (K.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Kostas Palamaris
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Str., Bld 10, Goudi, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (K.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Stefania Kokkali
- Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio General Hospital of Athens, 114, V. Sofias Str., GR11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgia Levidou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Str., Bld 10, Goudi, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (K.P.); (G.L.)
- Second Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nurenberg, Germany
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Str., Bld 10, Goudi, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (K.P.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence:
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141
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Qiang R, Liu XZ, Xu JC. The Immune Pathogenesis of Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure and the Danger Hypothesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:935160. [PMID: 35911735 PMCID: PMC9329538 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a group of clinical syndromes related to severe acute liver function impairment and multiple-organ failure caused by various acute triggering factors on the basis of chronic liver disease. Due to its severe condition, rapid progression, and high mortality, it has received increasing attention. Recent studies have shown that the pathogenesis of ACLF mainly includes direct injury and immune injury. In immune injury, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), dendritic cells (DCs), and CD4+ T cells accumulate in the liver tissue, secrete a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and recruit more immune cells to the liver, resulting in immune damage to the liver tissue, massive hepatocyte necrosis, and liver failure, but the key molecules and signaling pathways remain unclear. The “danger hypothesis” holds that in addition to the need for antigens, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) also play a very important role in the occurrence of the immune response, and this hypothesis is related to the pathogenesis of ACLF. Here, the research status and development trend of ACLF, as well as the mechanism of action and research progress on various DAMPs in ACLF, are summarized to identify biomarkers that can predict the occurrence and development of diseases or the prognosis of patients at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qiang
- The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing-Zi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Chi Xu
- The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Suzhou City, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun-Chi Xu,
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142
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Besedovsky HO, Del Rey A. To protect or to kill: A persisting Darwinian immune dilemma. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 103:205-214. [PMID: 35470014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system, which evolved as a protective system, can paradoxically mediate lethal effects when it is over-activated. These effects can be traced back to infected insects and are mainly mediated by phylogenetically old cytokines that have been found already in starfishes and sponges. We hypothesize that these anti-homeostatic effects are important for restricting the cumulative risk of transmission of highly mutating environmental pathogens that may endanger species, particularly when they start to originate and expand. Considering the Darwinian view that evolution is a permanent process, this anti-homeostatic program is preserved and expressed even when there is no risk for the species. Here, we review these aspects and discuss how evolutionary-imposed anti-homeostatic immune programs are expressed during acute and chronic human diseases, which can be further aggravated in the absence of medical interventions. The relevance of early identification of ancestral biomarkers that predict a shift from protective to deleterious immune outcomes is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo O Besedovsky
- Research Group Immunophysiology, Division Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Adriana Del Rey
- Research Group Immunophysiology, Division Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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143
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Leinardi R, Longo Sanchez-Calero C, Huaux F. Think Beyond Particle Cytotoxicity: When Self-Cellular Components Released After Immunogenic Cell Death Explain Chronic Disease Development. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:887228. [PMID: 35846433 PMCID: PMC9284505 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.887228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolonged perturbation of the immune system following the release of a plethora of self-molecules (known as damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs) by stressed or dying cells triggers acute and chronic pathological responses. DAMPs are commonly released after plasma membrane damage or complete rupture due to immunogenic cell death (ICD), upon numerous stressors including infectious and toxic agents. The set of DAMPs released after ICD include mature proinflammatory cytokines and alarmins, but also polymeric macromolecules. These self-intracellular components are recognized by injured and healthy surrounding cells via innate receptors, and induce upregulation of stress-response mechanisms, including inflammation. In this review, by overstepping the simple toxicological evaluation, we apply ICD and DAMP concepts to silica cytotoxicity, providing new insights on the mechanisms driving the progress and/or the exacerbation of certain SiO2–related pathologies. Finally, by proposing self-DNA as new crucial DAMP, we aim to pave the way for the development of innovative and easy-to-perform predictive tests to better identify the hazard of fine and ultrafine silica particles. Importantly, such mechanisms could be extended to nano/micro plastics and diesel particles, providing strategic advice and reports on their health issues.
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144
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Martin SJ, Frezza V, Davidovich P, Najda Z, Clancy DM. IL-1 family cytokines serve as 'activity recognition receptors' for aberrant protease activity indicative of danger. Cytokine 2022; 157:155935. [PMID: 35759924 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Members of the extended IL-1 cytokine family play key roles as instigators of inflammation in numerous infectious and sterile injury contexts and are highly enriched at barrier surfaces such as the skin, lungs and intestinal mucosa. Because IL-1 family cytokines do not possess conventional ER-golgi trafficking and secretory signals, these cytokines are typically released into the extracellular space due to tissue damage resulting in necrosis, or pathogen detection resulting in pyroptosis. The latter feature, in combination with other factors, suggests that IL-1 family cytokines serve as canonical damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which instigate inflammation in response to tissue damage. However, IL-1 family cytokines also require a proteolytic activation step and diverse intracellular, extracellular and non-self proteases have been identified that are capable of processing and activating members of this family. This suggests that IL-1 family members function as sentinels for aberrant protease activity, which is frequently associated with infection or tissue damage. Here, we overview the diversity of proteases implicated in the activation of IL-1 family cytokines and suggest that this ancient cytokine family may have evolved to complement 'pattern recognition receptors', by serving as 'activity recognition receptors' enabling the detection of aberrant enzyme activity indicative of 'danger'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus J Martin
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Dept. of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Valentina Frezza
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Dept. of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Pavel Davidovich
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Dept. of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Zaneta Najda
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Dept. of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Danielle M Clancy
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Dept. of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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145
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Liu C, Yan W, Shi J, Wang S, Peng A, Chen Y, Huang K. Biological Actions, Implications, and Cautions of Statins Therapy in COVID-19. Front Nutr 2022; 9:927092. [PMID: 35811982 PMCID: PMC9257176 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.927092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) showed worse prognosis and higher mortality in individuals with obesity. Dyslipidemia is a major link between obesity and COVID-19 severity. Statins as the most common lipid regulating drugs have shown favorable effects in various pathophysiological states. Importantly, accumulating observational studies have suggested that statin use is associated with reduced risk of progressing to severe illness and in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients. Possible explanations underlie these protective impacts include their abilities of reducing cholesterol, suppressing viral entry and replication, anti-inflammation and immunomodulatory effects, as well as anti-thrombosis and anti-oxidative properties. Despite these benefits, statin therapies have side effects that should be considered, such as elevated creatinine kinase, liver enzyme and serum glucose levels, which are already elevated in severe COVID-19. Concerns are also raised whether statins interfere with the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Randomized controlled trials are being conducted worldwide to confirm the values of statin use for COVID-19 treatment. Generally, the results suggest no necessity to discontinue statin use, and no evidence suggesting interference between statins and COVID-19 vaccines. However, concomitant administration of statins and COVID-19 antiviral drug Paxlovid may increase statin exposure and the risk of adverse effects, because most statins are metabolized mainly through CYP3A4 which is potently inhibited by ritonavir, a major component of Paxlovid. Therefore, more clinical/preclinical studies are still warranted to understand the benefits, harms and mechanisms of statin use in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Liu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanyao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajian Shi
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anlin Peng
- Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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146
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Johnson C, Quach HQ, Lau C, Ekholt K, Espevik T, Woodruff TM, Pischke SE, Mollnes TE, Nilsson PH. Thrombin Differentially Modulates the Acute Inflammatory Response to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in Human Whole Blood. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2771-2778. [PMID: 35675954 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin plays a central role in thromboinflammatory responses, but its activity is blocked in the common ex vivo human whole blood models, making an ex vivo study of thrombin effects on thromboinflammatory responses unfeasible. In this study, we exploited the anticoagulant peptide Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro (GPRP) that blocks fibrin polymerization to study the effects of thrombin on acute inflammation in response to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Human blood was anticoagulated with either GPRP or the thrombin inhibitor lepirudin and incubated with either E. coli or S. aureus for up to 4 h at 37°C. In GPRP-anticoagulated blood, there were spontaneous elevations in thrombin levels and platelet activation, which further increased in the presence of bacteria. Complement activation and the expression of activation markers on monocytes and granulocytes increased to the same extent in both blood models in response to bacteria. Most cytokines were not elevated in response to thrombin alone, but thrombin presence substantially and heterogeneously modulated several cytokines that increased in response to bacterial incubations. Bacterial-induced releases of IL-8, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β were potentiated in the thrombin-active GPRP model, whereas the levels of IP-10, TNF, IL-6, and IL-1β were elevated in the thrombin-inactive lepirudin model. Complement C5-blockade, combined with CD14 inhibition, reduced the overall cytokine release significantly, both in thrombin-active and thrombin-inactive models. Our data support that thrombin itself marginally induces leukocyte-dependent cytokine release in this isolated human whole blood but is a significant modulator of bacteria-induced inflammation by a differential effect on cytokine patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Johnson
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Huy Quang Quach
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Corinna Lau
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - Karin Ekholt
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Søren Erik Pischke
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Clinic for Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; and
| | - Per H Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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147
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Mawhinney M, Kulle A, Thanabalasuriar A. From infection to repair: Understanding the workings of our innate immune cells. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1567. [PMID: 35674186 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In a world filled with microbes, some posing a threat to our body, our immune system is key to living a healthy life. The innate immune system is made of various cell types that act to guard our bodies. Unlike the adaptive immune system that has a specific response, our innate immune system encompasses cells that elicit unspecific immune responses, triggered whenever the right signals are detected. Our understanding of immunity started with the concept of our immune system only responding to "nonself" like the pathogens that invade our body. However, over the past few decades, we have learned that the immune system is more than an on/off switch that recognizes nonself. The innate immune system regularly patrols our bodies for pathogens and tissue damage. Our innate immune system not only seeks to resolve infection but also repair tissue injury, through phagocytosing debris and initiating the release of growth factors. Recently, we are starting to see that it is not just recognizing danger, our innate immune system plays a crucial role in repair. Innate immune cells phenotypically change during repair. In the context of severe injury or trauma, our innate immune system is modified quite drastically to help repair, resulting in reduced infection control. Moreover, these changes in immune cell function can be modified by sex as a biological variable. From past to present, in this overview, we provide a summary of the innate immune cells and pathways in infection and tissue repair. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mawhinney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amelia Kulle
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ajitha Thanabalasuriar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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148
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Li S, Xu H, Song M, Shaw BI, Li QJ, Kirk AD. IFI16-STING-NF-κB signaling controls exogenous mitochondrion-induced endothelial activation. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:1578-1592. [PMID: 35322536 PMCID: PMC9177674 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria released from injured cells activate endothelial cells (ECs), fostering inflammatory processes, including allograft rejection. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) senses endogenous mitochondrial DNA, triggering innate immune activation via NF-κB signaling. Here, we show that exogenous mitochondria exposure induces EC STING-NF-κB activation, promoting EC/effector memory T cell adhesion, which is abrogated by NF-κB and STING inhibitors. STING activation in mitochondrion-activated ECs is independent of canonical cGMP-AMP synthetase sensing/signaling, but rather is mediated by interferon gamma-inducible factor 16 (IFI16) and can be inhibited by IFI16 inhibition. Internalized mitochondria undergo mitofusion and STING-dependent mitophagy, leading to selective sequestration of internalized mitochondria. The exposure of donor hearts to exogenous mitochondria activates murine heart ECs in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that IFI16-STING-NF-κB signaling regulates exogenous mitochondrion-induced EC activation and mitophagy, and exogenous mitochondria foster T cell-mediated CoBRR. These data suggest a novel, donor-directed, therapeutic approach toward mitigating perioperative allograft immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - He Xu
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: He Xu, MD, Departments of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Edwin Jones Building Room 368, Durham, NC 27710, Phone: (919)684-4371,
| | - Mingqing Song
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian I Shaw
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qi-Jing Li
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allan D Kirk
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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149
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Krocker JD, Lee KH, Henriksen HH, Wang YWW, Schoof EM, Karvelsson ST, Rolfsson Ó, Johansson PI, Pedroza C, Wade CE. Exploratory Investigation of the Plasma Proteome Associated with the Endotheliopathy of Trauma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6213. [PMID: 35682894 PMCID: PMC9181752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endotheliopathy of trauma (EoT) is associated with increased mortality following injury. Herein, we describe the plasma proteome related to EoT in order to provide insight into the role of the endothelium within the systemic response to trauma. METHODS 99 subjects requiring the highest level of trauma activation were included in the study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of endothelial and catecholamine biomarkers were performed on admission plasma samples, as well as untargeted proteome quantification utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Plasma endothelial and catecholamine biomarker abundance was elevated in EoT. Patients with EoT (n = 62) had an increased incidence of death within 24 h at 21% compared to 3% for non-EoT (n = 37). Proteomic analysis revealed that 52 out of 290 proteins were differentially expressed between the EoT and non-EoT groups. These proteins are involved in endothelial activation, coagulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and include known damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and intracellular proteins specific to several organs. CONCLUSIONS We report a proteomic profile of EoT suggestive of a surge of DAMPs and inflammation driving nonspecific activation of the endothelial, coagulation, and complement systems with subsequent end-organ damage and poor clinical outcome. These findings support the utility of EoT as an index of cellular injury and delineate protein candidates for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Krocker
- Center for Translational Injury Research, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.-W.W.W.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Kyung Hyun Lee
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.H.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Hanne H. Henriksen
- Center for Endotheliomics CAG, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Yao-Wei Willa Wang
- Center for Translational Injury Research, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.-W.W.W.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Erwin M. Schoof
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Sigurdur T. Karvelsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.T.K.); (Ó.R.)
| | - Óttar Rolfsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.T.K.); (Ó.R.)
| | - Pär I. Johansson
- Center for Endotheliomics CAG, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, & Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Claudia Pedroza
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.H.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Charles E. Wade
- Center for Translational Injury Research, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.-W.W.W.); (C.E.W.)
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150
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Yin X, Tian M, Zhang J, Tang W, Feng L, Li Z, Zheng C, Liu C, Yan L, Yu X, Li B. MiR-26b-5p in small extracellular vesicles derived from dying tumor cells after irradiation enhances the metastasis promoting microenvironment in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2022; 541:215746. [PMID: 35594995 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is effective in achieving local control in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; however, changes in the tumor microenvironment induced by radiation can also promote metastasis. Dying tumor cells play vital roles in promoting the survival of living tumor cells; however, few studies have investigated the effects of dying tumor cells on the tumor microenvironment. Since myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and macrophages constitute the pre-metastatic niche (PMN), we used a 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide induced in situ tumor model to investigate the effects of irradiation on MDSCs and macrophages in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). When primary tumor sites were irradiated, we observed an increase in MDSCs in the spleen and the deposition of PMN components in lung and liver. Enhanced MDSC accumulation and function were induced by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) isolated from irradiated tumor-bearing mice. The MDSC induction function of sEVs after irradiation was reaffirmed using sEVs derived from ESCC cell lines. The irradiation-induced upregulation of miR-26b-5p in sEVs enhanced MDSC expansion and activation by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog. Our results first elucidated a mechanism by which dying tumor cells enhanced the deposition of PMN components and potentiated MDSCs in ESCC after irradiation. sEVs played a vital role in mediating signals between the primary tumor and the microenvironment to form a metastasis-promoting microenvironment after irradiation. Furthermore, miR-26b-5p or PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitors should be evaluated in clinical trials in combination with radiotherapy as a strategy to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China.
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Chunyan Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Conghe Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Ling Yan
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Xinshuang Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Baosheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
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