101
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Kim EM, Kim SJ, Choi GB, Lee J, Koo MM, Kim J, Kim YW, Lee J, Kim JH, Seo TH. A Graphene-Based Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Device Enabled through a Water-Induced Interface Cleaning Process. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2309. [PMID: 37630894 PMCID: PMC10459967 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of four-layer graphene (4LG) as a highly reliable transparent conductive electrode (TCE) for polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC)-based smart window devices. The adhesion between 4LG and the substrate was successfully improved through a water-induced interface-cleaning (WIIC) process. We compared the performance of a device with a WIIC-processed 4LG electrode with that of devices with a conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and a 4LG electrode without a WIIC. With the application of the WIIC process, the PDLC smart window with a 4LG electrode exhibited reduced turn-on voltage and haze compared to 4LG without the WIIC process and characteristics comparable to those of the ITO electrode. The WIIC-processed 4LG electrode demonstrated enhanced electrical properties and better optical performance, leading to improved device efficiency and reliability. Furthermore, our study revealed that the WIIC process not only improved the adhesion between 4LG and the substrate but also enhanced the compatibility and interfacial interactions, resulting in the superior performance of the smart window device. These findings suggest that 4LG with WIIC holds great promise as a transparent conductive electrode for flexible smart windows, offering a cost-effective and efficient alternative to conventional ITO electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Kim
- Green Energy and Nano Technology & R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Gwangju 61012, Republic of Korea; (E.M.K.); (S.J.K.); (Y.W.K.); (J.L.)
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Green Energy and Nano Technology & R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Gwangju 61012, Republic of Korea; (E.M.K.); (S.J.K.); (Y.W.K.); (J.L.)
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Bong Choi
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jaegeun Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46261, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Mo Koo
- Automotive Materials & Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Gwangju 61012, Republic of Korea; (M.M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaewoong Kim
- Automotive Materials & Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Gwangju 61012, Republic of Korea; (M.M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Young Won Kim
- Green Energy and Nano Technology & R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Gwangju 61012, Republic of Korea; (E.M.K.); (S.J.K.); (Y.W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jongho Lee
- Green Energy and Nano Technology & R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Gwangju 61012, Republic of Korea; (E.M.K.); (S.J.K.); (Y.W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jin Hyeok Kim
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Optoelectronic Convergence Research Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Seo
- Green Energy and Nano Technology & R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Gwangju 61012, Republic of Korea; (E.M.K.); (S.J.K.); (Y.W.K.); (J.L.)
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102
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Chhikara M, Bratina G, Pavlica E. Role of Graphene Topography in the Initial Stages of Pentacene Layer Growth. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27534-27542. [PMID: 37546596 PMCID: PMC10398842 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Using atomic force microscopy, we probed the growth of pentacene molecules on graphene that was fabricated by chemical vapor deposition and transferred onto 300 nm-thick SiO2 substrates. The topography of such graphene has two important properties. First, its surface is comprised of folds that have different orientations, and second, it has several multilayer-graphene regions distributed over the monolayer-graphene surface. On such folded graphene features, we vacuum evaporated pentacene and observed three-dimensional islands with an average height of ∼15 nm. They are oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the folds, and they are also predominantly oriented along the symmetry axes of graphene. Orientation of pentacene islands on graphene evaporated at room temperature has a wide distribution. On the contrary, most of the pentacene islands evaporated at 60 °C are oriented at 30° with respect to the fold direction. We observed that the folds act as a potential barrier for the surface transport of pentacene molecules. In addition, we interpret the 3D growth of pentacene islands on graphene in terms of reduced polar components of the surface energy on graphene investigated with contact angle measurements.
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103
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Hong HC, Ryu JI, Lee HC. Recent Understanding in the Chemical Vapor Deposition of Multilayer Graphene: Controlling Uniformity, Thickness, and Stacking Configuration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2217. [PMID: 37570535 PMCID: PMC10421010 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer graphene has attracted significant attention because its physical properties can be tuned by stacking its layers in a particular configuration. To apply the intriguing properties of multilayer graphene in various optoelectronic or spintronic devices, it is essential to develop a synthetic method that enables the control of the stacking configuration. This review article presents the recent progress in the synthesis of multilayer graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). First, we discuss the CVD of multilayer graphene, utilizing the precipitation or segregation of carbon atoms from metal catalysts with high carbon solubility. Subsequently, we present novel CVD approaches to yield uniform and thickness-controlled multilayer graphene, which goes beyond the conventional precipitation or segregation methods. Finally, we introduce the latest studies on the control of stacking configurations in bilayer graphene during CVD processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyo Chan Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea
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104
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Tidén S, Taher M, Vennström M, Jansson U. Additive Manufacturing of Cu Using Graphene-Oxide-Treated Powder. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5216. [PMID: 37569920 PMCID: PMC10419589 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of Cu is interesting for many applications where high thermal and electric conductivity are required. A problem with printing of Cu with a laser-based process is the high reflectance of the powder for near-infrared wavelengths making it difficult to print components with a high density. In this study, we have investigated laser bed fusion (L-PBF) of Cu using graphene oxide (GO)-coated powder. The powder particles were coated in a simple wet-chemical process using electrostatic attractions between the GO and the powder surface. The coated powder exhibited a reduced reflectivity, which improved the printability and increased the densities from ~90% for uncoated powder to 99.8% using 0.1 wt% GO and a laser power of 500 W. The coated Cu powders showed a tendency for balling using laser powers below 400 W, and increasing the GO concentration from 0.1 to 0.3 wt.% showed an increase in spattering and reduced density. Graphene-like sheet structures could be observed in the printed parts using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Carbon-filled inclusions with sizes ranging from 10-200 nm could also be observed in the printed parts using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The GO treatment yielded parts with higher hardness (75.7 HV) and electrical conductivity (77.8% IACS) compared to the parts printed with reference Cu powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Tidén
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Mamoun Taher
- Graphmatech AB, Mältargatan 17, SE-753 18 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden;
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105
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Zhu X, Wang H, Wang K, Xie L. Progress on the in situ imaging of growth dynamics of two-dimensional materials. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:11746-11758. [PMID: 37366323 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01475d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
One key issue to promote the industrialization of two-dimensional (2D) materials is to grow high-quality and large-scale 2D materials. Investigations of the growth mechanism and growth dynamics are of fundamental importance for the growth of 2D material, in which in situ imaging is highly needed. By applying different in situ imaging techniques, details for growth process, including nucleation and morphology evolution, can be obtained. This review summarizes the recent progress on the in situ imaging of 2D material growth, in which the growth rate, kink dynamics, domain coalescence, growth across the substrate steps, single-atom catalysis, and intermediates have been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Honggang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kangkang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Liming Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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106
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Ezazi M, Quazi MM. Recent Developments in Two-Dimensional Materials-Based Membranes for Oil-Water Separation. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:677. [PMID: 37505043 PMCID: PMC10386624 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The industrialization witnessed in the last century has resulted in an unprecedented increase in water pollution. In particular, the water pollution induced by oil contaminants from oil spill accidents, as well as discharges from pharmaceutical, oil/gas, and metal processing industries, have raised concerns due to their potential to pose irreversible threats to the ecosystems. Therefore, the effective treating of these large volumes of oily wastewater is an inevitable challenge to address. Separating oil-water mixtures by membranes has been an attractive technology due to the high oil removal efficiency and low energy consumption. However, conventional oil-water separation membranes may not meet the complex requirements for the sustainable treatment of wastewater due to their relatively shorter life cycle, lower chemical and thermal stability, and permeability/selectivity trade-off. Recent advancements in two-dimensional (2D) materials have provided opportunities to address these challenges. In this article, we provide a brief review of the most recent advancements in oil-water separation membranes modified with 2D materials, with a focus on MXenes, graphenes, metal-organic frameworks, and covalent organic frameworks. The review briefly covers the backgrounds, concepts, fabrication methods, and the most recent representative studies. Finally, the review concludes by describing the challenges and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadamin Ezazi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - M M Quazi
- Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia
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107
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Zhao M, Tian Y, Yan L, Liu R, Chen P, Wang H, Chu W. Unique modulation effects on the performance of graphene-based ammonia sensors via ultrathin bimetallic Au/Pt layers and gate voltages. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37448223 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01813j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensors with superior comprehensive performance at room temperature (RT) are always desired. Here, Au, Pt and Pt/Au-decorated graphene-based field effect transistor (FET) sensors for ammonia (denoted as Au/Gr, Pt/Gr and Pt/Au/Gr, respectively) are designed and fabricated. All these devices exhibited far better RT sensing performances for ammonia compared with graphene devices. Applying positive back gate voltages can further enhance their RT performance in which the Pt/Au/Gr devices show superior RT comprehensive performance such as a response of -16.2%, a recovery time of 4.6 min, and especially a much reduced response time of 54 s for 200 ppm NH3 with a detection limit of 103 ppb at a gate voltage of +60 V, and can be potentially tailored for further performance improvement by controlling the ratios of Pt and Au. The dependences of their performance on the gate voltage except for the response time could be reasonably explained by theoretical calculations in terms of the changes of the total density of states near the Fermi level, adsorption energies, transferred charges and adsorption distances. This study provides an effective solution for performance improvement of FET-based sensors via synergistic effects of ultrathin-layer multiple-metallic decoration and gate voltage, which would promote the exploration of novel sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
- Nanofabrication Laboratory, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Tian
- Nanofabrication Laboratory, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Lanqin Yan
- Nanofabrication Laboratory, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Rujun Liu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Peipei Chen
- Nanofabrication Laboratory, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Hanfu Wang
- Nanofabrication Laboratory, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Weiguo Chu
- Nanofabrication Laboratory, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
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108
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Edwards PJ, Stuart S, Farmer JT, Shi R, Long R, Prezhdo OV, Kresin VV. Substrate-Selective Adhesion of Metal Nanoparticles to Graphene Devices. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6414-6421. [PMID: 37432861 PMCID: PMC10364134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured electronic devices, such as those based on graphene, are typically grown on top of the insulator SiO2. Their exposure to a flux of small size-selected silver nanoparticles has revealed remarkably selective adhesion: the graphene channel can be made fully metallized, while the insulating substrate remains coverage-free. This conspicuous contrast derives from the low binding energy between the metal nanoparticles and a contaminant-free passivated silica surface. In addition to providing physical insight into nanoparticle adhesion, this effect may be of value in applications involving deposition of metallic layers on device working surfaces: it eliminates the need for masking the insulating region and the associated extensive and potentially deleterious pre- and postprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Edwards
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0484, United States
- Physical Sciences Laboratories, The Aerospace Corporation, 355 S. Douglas St., El Segundo, California 90245, United States
| | - Sean Stuart
- Physical Sciences Laboratories, The Aerospace Corporation, 355 S. Douglas St., El Segundo, California 90245, United States
| | - James T Farmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0484, United States
| | - Ran Shi
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0484, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Vitaly V Kresin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0484, United States
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109
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Huang Z, Sun W, Sun Z, Ding R, Wang X. Graphene-Based Materials for the Separator Functionalization of Lithium-Ion/Metal/Sulfur Batteries. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4449. [PMID: 37374632 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
With the escalating demand for electrochemical energy storage, commercial lithium-ion and metal battery systems have been increasingly developed. As an indispensable component of batteries, the separator plays a crucial role in determining their electrochemical performance. Conventional polymer separators have been extensively investigated over the past few decades. Nevertheless, their inadequate mechanical strength, deficient thermal stability, and constrained porosity constitute serious impediments to the development of electric vehicle power batteries and the progress of energy storage devices. Advanced graphene-based materials have emerged as an adaptable solution to these challenges, owing to their exceptional electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and outstanding mechanical properties. Incorporating advanced graphene-based materials into the separator of lithium-ion and metal batteries has been identified as an effective strategy to overcome the aforementioned issues and enhance the specific capacity, cycle stability, and safety of batteries. This review paper provides an overview of the preparation of advanced graphene-based materials and their applications in lithium-ion, lithium-metal, and lithium-sulfur batteries. It systematically elaborates on the advantages of advanced graphene-based materials as novel separator materials and outlines future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongle Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures (NLSSM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University (NJU), Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenting Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures (NLSSM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University (NJU), Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhipeng Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures (NLSSM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University (NJU), Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Rui Ding
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures (NLSSM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University (NJU), Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuebin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures (NLSSM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University (NJU), Nanjing 210093, China
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110
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Lee Y, Low MJ, Yang D, Nam HK, Le TSD, Lee SE, Han H, Kim S, Vu QH, Yoo H, Yoon H, Lee J, Sandeep S, Lee K, Kim SW, Kim YJ. Ultra-thin light-weight laser-induced-graphene (LIG) diffractive optics. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:146. [PMID: 37322023 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The realization of hybrid optics could be one of the best ways to fulfill the technological requirements of compact, light-weight, and multi-functional optical systems for modern industries. Planar diffractive lens (PDL) such as diffractive lenses, photonsieves, and metasurfaces can be patterned on ultra-thin flexible and stretchable substrates and be conformally attached on top of arbitrarily shaped surfaces. In this review, we introduce recent research works addressed to the design and manufacturing of ultra-thin graphene optics, which will open new markets in compact and light-weight optics for next-generation endoscopic brain imaging, space internet, real-time surface profilometry, and multi-functional mobile phones. To provide higher design flexibility, lower process complexity, and chemical-free process with reasonable investment cost, direct laser writing (DLW) of laser-induced-graphene (LIG) is actively being applied to the patterning of PDL. For realizing the best optical performances in DLW, photon-material interactions have been studied in detail with respect to different laser parameters; the resulting optical characteristics have been evaluated in terms of amplitude and phase. A series of exemplary laser-written 1D and 2D PDL structures have been actively demonstrated with different base materials, and then, the cases are being expanded to plasmonic and holographic structures. The combination of these ultra-thin and light-weight PDL with conventional bulk refractive or reflective optical elements could bring together the advantages of each optical element. By integrating these suggestions, we suggest a way to realize the hybrid PDL to be used in the future micro-electronics surface inspection, biomedical, outer space, and extended reality (XR) industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggeun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Ji Low
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
- Panasonic Factory Solutions Asia Pacific (PFSAP), 285 Jalan Ahmad Ibrahim, 639931, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dongwook Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Ku Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Truong-Son Dinh Le
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyogeun Han
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Kim
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Quang Huy Vu
- Department of Mechanical System Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seuoltech), 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongki Yoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosang Yoon
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Department of Mechanical System Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seuoltech), 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchand Sandeep
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keunwoo Lee
- LASER N GRAPN INC., 193 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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111
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Zhang J, Liu X, Zhang M, Zhang R, Ta HQ, Sun J, Wang W, Zhu W, Fang T, Jia K, Sun X, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Shao J, Liu Y, Gao X, Yang Q, Sun L, Li Q, Liang F, Chen H, Zheng L, Wang F, Yin W, Wei X, Yin J, Gemming T, Rummeli MH, Liu H, Peng H, Lin L, Liu Z. Fast synthesis of large-area bilayer graphene film on Cu. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3199. [PMID: 37268632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilayer graphene (BLG) is intriguing for its unique properties and potential applications in electronics, photonics, and mechanics. However, the chemical vapor deposition synthesis of large-area high-quality bilayer graphene on Cu is suffering from a low growth rate and limited bilayer coverage. Herein, we demonstrate the fast synthesis of meter-sized bilayer graphene film on commercial polycrystalline Cu foils by introducing trace CO2 during high-temperature growth. Continuous bilayer graphene with a high ratio of AB-stacking structure can be obtained within 20 min, which exhibits enhanced mechanical strength, uniform transmittance, and low sheet resistance in large area. Moreover, 96 and 100% AB-stacking structures were achieved in bilayer graphene grown on single-crystal Cu(111) foil and ultraflat single-crystal Cu(111)/sapphire substrates, respectively. The AB-stacking bilayer graphene exhibits tunable bandgap and performs well in photodetection. This work provides important insights into the growth mechanism and the mass production of large-area high-quality BLG on Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincan Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, 300387, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Huy Q Ta
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wendong Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Wenqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kaicheng Jia
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiucai Sun
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yeshu Zhu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Shao
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Luzhao Sun
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fushun Liang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Heng Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Liming Zheng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wanjian Yin
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoding Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Yin
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Gemming
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mark H Rummeli
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171, Dresden, Germany
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, P. R. China
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, Zabrze, 41-819, Poland
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VŠB -Technical University of Ostrava, 17 Listopadu 15, Ostrava, 708 33, Czech Republic
| | - Haihui Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, 300387, Tianjin, P. R. China.
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Li Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, P. R. China.
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112
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Choi D, Jeon J, Park TE, Ju BK, Lee KY. Schottky barrier height engineering on MoS 2 field-effect transistors using a polymer surface modifier on a contact electrode. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:80. [PMID: 37382714 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are highly sought after for their superior semiconducting properties, making them promising candidates for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten diselenide (WSe2), are promising alternative 2D materials. However, the devices based on these materials experience performance deterioration due to the formation of a Schottky barrier between metal contacts and semiconducting TMDCs. Here, we performed experiments to reduce the Schottky barrier height of MoS2 field-effect transistors (FETs) by lowering the work function (Фm = Evacuum - EF,metal) of the contact metal. We chose polyethylenimine (PEI), a polymer containing simple aliphatic amine groups (-NH2), as a surface modifier of the Au (ФAu = 5.10 eV) contact metal. PEI is a well-known surface modifier that lowers the work function of various conductors such as metals and conducting polymers. Such surface modifiers have thus far been utilized in organic-based devices, including organic light-emitting diodes, organic solar cells, and organic thin-film transistors. In this study, we used the simple PEI coating to tune the work function of the contact electrodes of MoS2 FETs. The proposed method is rapid, easy to implement under ambient conditions, and effectively reduces the Schottky barrier height. We expect this simple and effective method to be widely used in large-area electronics and optoelectronics due to its numerous advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Choi
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jeehoon Jeon
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Tae-Eon Park
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Kwon Ju
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
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113
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Olorunkosebi AA, Olumurewa KO, Fasakin O, Adedeji AV, Taleatu B, Olofinjana B, Eleruja MA. Comparative investigation of gas sensing performance of liquefied petroleum gas using green reduced graphene oxide-based sensors. RSC Adv 2023; 13:16630-16642. [PMID: 37274401 PMCID: PMC10235929 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01684f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the comparative gas sensing performance (at room temperature) of reduced graphene oxide sensors obtained by reducing graphene oxide using extracts of pumpkin leaf, neem leaf and methionine. An interdigitated pattern was designed on soda-lime glass using a stamp method and the dispersed solution of rGO was spin coated on the pattern. The electrical response of the sensors was investigated (using a simple in-house measurement set up) by measuring change in resistance of graphene with varying gas concentration on exposure to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). From the characterization results using FTIR, SEM, EDX and UV-Visible, methionine reduced graphene oxide (MRGO 12H) indicated a greater degree of reduction compared to pumpkin reduced graphene oxide (PRGO 12H) and neem reduced graphene oxide (NRGO 12H). The LPG sensing results showed an increase in the resistance of the sensor materials upon the introduction of the gas and, an increased sensitivity as the concentration of the test gas increased from 100 ppm to 200 ppm while the MRGO 12H sensor was more selective towards LPG sensing. Furthermore, it was observed that the sensor response for the fabricated sensors is strongly dependent on the concentration of gas exposed to the sensors and the degree of removal of oxygen functional groups in the graphene-based materials. Hence, the MRGO 12H sensor had a sensor response of 23.58% at 200 ppm. PRGO 12H at 100 ppm illustrates the least sensor response while NRGO 12H showed very poor sensor response that ranged between 5.10% and 7.56%. The sensor response of the materials demonstrates an improvement in results obtained for pure rGO based sensors. We obtained a response time as low as 5.3 seconds for MRGO 12H while the recovery time of the sensors ranged between 6.46 seconds and 41.50 seconds. The MRGO 12H sensor typified the best recovery time and thus outperformed results from most of the reported literature. Considering different performance metrics such as sensor response, response time, recovery time and sensing period, MRGO 12H is more selective towards detecting LPG. Our results showed that a greater restoration of the sp2 carbon chain brought about by increased reduction of graphene oxide is largely responsible for the sensing behavior of rGO towards LPG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oladepo Fasakin
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife 220282 Nigeria
| | | | - Bidini Taleatu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife 220282 Nigeria
| | - Bolutife Olofinjana
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife 220282 Nigeria
| | - Marcus Adebola Eleruja
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife 220282 Nigeria
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114
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Wang H, Li T, Liu X, Zhu W, Chen Z, Li Z, Yang J. mech2d: An Efficient Tool for High-Throughput Calculation of Mechanical Properties for Two-Dimensional Materials. Molecules 2023; 28:4337. [PMID: 37298813 PMCID: PMC10254924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been a research hot topic in the passed decades due to their unique and fascinating properties. Among them, mechanical properties play an important role in their application. However, there lacks an effective tool for high-throughput calculating, analyzing and visualizing the mechanical properties of 2D materials. In this work, we present the mech2d package, a highly automated toolkit for calculating and analyzing the second-order elastic constants (SOECs) tensor and relevant properties of 2D materials by considering their symmetry. In the mech2d, the SOECs can be fitted by both the strain-energy and stress-strain approaches, where the energy or strain can be calculated by a first-principles engine, such as VASP. As a key feature, the mech2d package can automatically submit and collect the tasks from a local or remote machine with robust fault-tolerant ability, making it suitable for high-throughput calculation. The present code has been validated by several common 2D materials, including graphene, black phosphorene, GeSe2 and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Wang
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Tao Li
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Weiduo Zhu
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhao Chen
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhongjun Li
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Department of Chemical Physics, and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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115
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Luo X, Li W, Liang Z, Liu Y, Fan DE. Portable Bulk-Water Disinfection by Live Capture of Bacteria with Divergently Branched Porous Graphite in Electric Fields. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37224419 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Easy access to clean water is essential to functioning and development of modern society. However, it remains arduous to develop energy-efficient, facile, and portable water treatment systems for point-of-use (POU) applications, which is particularly imperative for the safety and resilience of society during extreme weather and critical situations. Here, we propose and validate a meritorious working scheme for water disinfection via directly capturing and removing pathogen cells from bulk water using strategically designed three-dimensional (3D) porous dendritic graphite foams (PDGFs) in a high-frequency AC field. The prototype, integrated in a 3D-printed portable water-purification module, can reproducibly remove 99.997% E. coli bacteria in bulk water at a few voltages with among the lowest energy consumption at 435.5 J·L-1. The PDGFs, costing $1.47 per piece, can robustly operate at least 20 times for more than 8 h in total without functional degradation. Furthermore, we successfully unravel the involved disinfection mechanism with one-dimensional Brownian dynamics simulation. The system is practically applied that brings natural water in Waller Creek at UT Austin to the safe drinking level. This research, including the working mechanism based on dendritically porous graphite and the design scheme, could inspire a future device paradigm for POU water treatment.
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116
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Zhu C, Wang X, Yang L, Gao Z, Tian W, Chen J, Shi J, Liu S, Huang M, Wu J, Wang H. Densified graphene-like carbon nanosheets with enriched heteroatoms enabling superior gravimetric and volumetric potassium storage capacities. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 647:296-305. [PMID: 37262992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Constructing carbon electrodes with abundant heteroatoms and appropriate graphitic interlayer spacing remains a major challenge for achieving high gravimetric and volumetric potassium storage capacities with fast kinetics. Herein, we constructed 3D graphene-like N, F dual-doped carbon sheets induced by Ni template (N, F-CNS-Ni) with dense structure and rich active sites, providing a promising approach to address the facing obstacles. Highly reversible K-ion insertion/extraction is realized in the graphitic carbon structure, and K-adsorption capability is enhanced by introducing N/F heteroatoms. As a result, the N, F-CNS-Ni electrode exhibits ultrahigh gravimetric and volumetric capacities of 404.5 mA h g-1 and 281.3 mA h cm-3 at 0.05 A/g, respectively, and a superb capacity of 259.3 mA h g-1 with a capacity retention ratio of 90 % even after 600 cycles at 5 A/g. This work presents a simple Ni-based template method to prepare graphene-like carbon nanosheets with high packing density and rich heteroatoms, and offers mechanism insight for achieving superior K-ion storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliu Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xuehui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zongying Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Weiqian Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jingwei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jing Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Minghua Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Huanlei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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117
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Zhang Q, Liu C, Zhou P. 2D materials readiness for the transistor performance breakthrough. iScience 2023; 26:106673. [PMID: 37216126 PMCID: PMC10192534 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the size of the transistor scales down, this strategy has confronted challenges because of the fundamental limits of silicon materials. Besides, more and more energy and time are consumed by the data transmission out of transistor computing because of the speed mismatching between the computing and memory. To meet the energy efficiency demands of big data computing, the transistor should have a smaller feature size and store data faster to overcome the energy burden of computing and data transfer. Electron transport in two-dimensional (2D) materials is constrained within a 2D plane and different materials are assembled by the van der Waals force. Owning to the atomic thickness and dangling-bond-free surface, 2D materials have demonstrated advantages in transistor scaling-down and heterogeneous structure innovation. In this review, from the performance breakthrough of 2D transistors, we discuss the opportunities, progress and challenges of 2D materials in transistor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunsen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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118
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Sun S, Shi XL, Li M, Wu T, Yin L, Wang D, Liu Q, Chen ZG. Ultrafast and Cost-Effective Fabrication of High-Performance Carbon-Based Flexible Thermoelectric Hybrid Films and Their Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37196363 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to their cost-effectiveness and industry-scale feasibility, carbon-based composites have been considered to be promising thermoelectric materials for low-grade power generation. However, current fabrications for carbon-based composites are time-consuming, and their thermoelectric properties are still low. Herein, we develop an ultrafast and cost-effective hot-pressing method to fabricate a novel carbon-based hybrid film, which consists of ionic liquid/phenolic resin/carbon fiber/expanded graphite. This method only costs no more than 15 min. We found that the expanded graphite as the major component enables high flexibility and the introduction of phenolic resin and carbon fiber enhances the shear resistance and toughness of the film, while the ion-induced carrier migration contributes to a high power factor of 38.7 μW m-1 K-2 at 500 K in the carbon-based hybrid film. After the comparison based on the ratios between the power factor with fabrication time and cost among the current conventional carbon-based thermoelectric composites, our hybrid films show the best cost-effective property. Besides, a flexible thermoelectric device, assembled by the as-designed hybrid films, shows a maximum output power density of 79.3 nW cm-2 at a temperature difference of 20 K. This work paves a new way to fabricate cost-effective and high-performance carbon-based thermoelectric hybrids with promising application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Sun
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland 4300, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Xiao-Lei Shi
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Meng Li
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemistry Engineering, College of Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Liangcao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemistry Engineering, College of Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Dezhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemistry Engineering, College of Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemistry Engineering, College of Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Queensland 4000, Australia
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119
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Torres I, Aghaei SM, Pala N, Gaitas A. Selective area multilayer graphene synthesis using resistive nanoheater probe. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7976. [PMID: 37198227 PMCID: PMC10192444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene has been a material of interest due to its versatile properties and wide variety of applications. However, production has been one of the most challenging aspects of graphene and multilayer graphene (MLG). Most synthesis techniques require elevated temperatures and additional steps to transfer graphene or MLG to a substrate, which compromises the integrity of the film. In this paper, metal-induced crystallization is explored to locally synthesize MLG directly on metal films, creating an MLG-metal composite and directly on insulating substrates with a moving resistive nanoheater probe at much lower temperature conditions (~ 250 °C). Raman spectroscopy shows that the resultant carbon structure has properties of MLG. The presented tip-based approach offers a much simpler MLG fabrication solution by eliminating the photolithographic and transfer steps of MLG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Torres
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33172 USA
| | - Sadegh Mehdi Aghaei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609 USA
| | - Nezih Pala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33172 USA
| | - Angelo Gaitas
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
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120
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Miyata T, Gohda S, Oshita A, Ono H, Kashimura K. Synthesis of Graphene-like Materials from Acetylene Black, Activated Carbon, and Ketjenblack via Separated Microwave Electric and Magnetic Field Heating. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103723. [PMID: 37241349 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Acetylene black, activated carbon, and Ketjenblack were subjected to microwave heating up to 1000 °C under N2 atmosphere to rapidly convert them into graphene-like materials. Few carbon materials exhibit a favorable increase in the intensity of the G' band with increasing temperature. Upon electric field heating of acetylene black to 1000 °C, the observed relative intensity ratios of D and G bands (or G' and G band) were equivalent to those of reduced graphene oxide heated under identical conditions. In addition, microwave irradiation under different conditions, i.e., electric field or magnetic field heating, produced graphene of qualities different from those of the same carbon material conventionally treated at the same temperature. We propose that this difference arises from the different mesoscale temperature gradients. The conversion of inexpensive acetylene black and Ketjenblack into graphene-like materials within 2 min of microwave heating is a major achievement toward low-cost mass synthesis of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Miyata
- Faculty of Engineering, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | - Syun Gohda
- Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., Nishi-Otabicho, Suita 564-0034, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akio Oshita
- Faculty of Engineering, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ono
- Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., Nishi-Otabicho, Suita 564-0034, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kashimura
- Faculty of Engineering, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
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121
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Geladari O, Eberle M, Maier A, Fetzer F, Chassé T, Meixner AJ, Scheele M, Schnepf A, Braun K. Nanometer Sized Direct Laser-Induced Gold Printing for Precise 2D-Electronic Device Fabrication. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2201221. [PMID: 37171792 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics manufacturing technologies are essential and highly favored for future integrated photonic and electronic devices. Direct laser induced writing (DIW) of metals has shown potential as a fast and highly variable method in adaptable electronics. However, most of the DIW procedures use silver structures, which tend to oxidize and are limited to the micrometer regime. Here, a DIW technique is introduced that not only enables electrical gold wiring of 2D van-der-Waals materials with sub-µm structures and 100 nm interspacing resolution but is also capable of fabricating photo switches and field effect transistors on various rigid and elastic materials. Light sensitive metalloid Au32 -nanoclusters serve as the ink that allows for low-power cw-laser exposure without further post-treatment. With a simple lift-off procedure, the unexposed ink can be removed. The technique realizes ultrafast, high resolution, and high precision production of integrated electronics and may pave the way for personalized circuits even printed on curved surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olympia Geladari
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Eberle
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andre Maier
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Fetzer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
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122
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Hussain S, Zhou R, Li Y, Qian Z, Urooj Z, Younas M, Zhao Z, Zhang Q, Dong W, Wu Y, Zhu X, Wang K, Chen Y, Liu L, Xie L. Liquid Phase Edge Epitaxy of Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11348-11355. [PMID: 37172002 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Precise monolayer epitaxy is important for two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors toward future electronics. Here, we report a new self-limited epitaxy approach, liquid phase edge epitaxy (LPEE), for precise-monolayer epitaxy of transition-metal dichalcogenides. In this method, the liquid solution contacts 2D grains only at the edges, which confines the epitaxy only at the grain edges and then precise monolayer epitaxy can be achieved. High-temperature in situ imaging of the epitaxy progress directly supports this edge-contact epitaxy mechanism. Typical transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers (MX2, M = Mo, W, and Re; X = S or Se) have been obtained by LPEE with a proper choice of molten alkali halide solvents (AL, A = Li, Na, K, and Cs; L = Cl, Br, or I). Furthermore, alloying and magnetic-element doping have also been realized by taking advantage of the liquid phase epitaxy approach. This LPEE method provides a precise and highly versatile approach for 2D monolayer epitaxy and can revolutionize the growth of 2D materials toward electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabir Hussain
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - You Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziyue Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zunaira Urooj
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Misbah Younas
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenlong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaokai Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kangkang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuansha Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Luqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liming Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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123
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Fan P, Chen H, Zhou X, Cao L, Li G, Li M, Qian G, Xing Y, Shen C, Wang X, Jin C, Gu G, Ding H, Gao HJ. Nanoscale Manipulation of Wrinkle-Pinned Vortices in Iron-Based Superconductors. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4541-4547. [PMID: 37162755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The controlled manipulation of Abrikosov vortices is essential for both fundamental science and logical applications. However, achieving nanoscale manipulation of vortices while simultaneously measuring the local density of states within them remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate the manipulation of Abrikosov vortices by moving the pinning center, namely one-dimensional wrinkles, on the terminal layers of Fe(Te,Se) and LiFeAs, by utilizing low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S). The wrinkles trap the Abrikosov vortices induced by the external magnetic field. In some of the wrinkle-pinned vortices, robust zero-bias conductance peaks are observed. We tailor the wrinkle into short pieces and manipulate the wrinkles by using an STM tip. Strikingly, we demonstrate that the pinned vortices move together with these wrinkles even at high magnetic field up to 6 T. Our results provide a universal and effective routine for manipulating wrinkle-pinned vortices and simultaneously measuring the local density of states on the iron-based superconductor surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fan
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, Anhui 230088, P. R. China
| | - Xingtai Zhou
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lu Cao
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Geng Li
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, Anhui 230088, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guojian Qian
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Xing
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chengmin Shen
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiancheng Wang
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Changqing Jin
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Genda Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Hong Ding
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, Anhui 230088, P. R. China
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124
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Kenaz R, Ghosh S, Ramachandran P, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Steinberg H, Rapaport R. Thickness Mapping and Layer Number Identification of Exfoliated van der Waals Materials by Fourier Imaging Micro-Ellipsometry. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9188-9196. [PMID: 37155829 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
As performance of van der Waals heterostructure devices is governed by the nanoscale thicknesses and homogeneity of their constituent mono- to few-layer flakes, accurate mapping of these properties with high lateral resolution becomes imperative. Spectroscopic ellipsometry is a promising optical technique for such atomically thin-film characterization due to its simplicity, noninvasive nature and high accuracy. However, the effective use of standard ellipsometry methods on exfoliated micron-scale flakes is inhibited by their tens-of-microns lateral resolution or slow data acquisition. In this work, we demonstrate a Fourier imaging spectroscopic micro-ellipsometry method with sub-5 μm lateral resolution and three orders-of-magnitude faster data acquisition than similar-resolution ellipsometers. Simultaneous recording of spectroscopic ellipsometry information at multiple angles results in a highly sensitive system, which is used for performing angstrom-level accurate and consistent thickness mapping on exfoliated mono-, bi- and trilayers of graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and transition metal dichalcogenide (MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, WSe2) flakes. The system can successfully identify highly transparent monolayer hBN, a challenging proposition for other characterization tools. The optical microscope integrated ellipsometer can also map minute thickness variations over a micron-scale flake, revealing its lateral inhomogeneity. The prospect of adding standard optical elements to augment generic optical imaging and spectroscopy setups with accurate in situ ellipsometric mapping capability presents potential opportunities for investigation of exfoliated 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralfy Kenaz
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Saptarshi Ghosh
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Pradheesh Ramachandran
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hadar Steinberg
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ronen Rapaport
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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125
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Miyamoto Y. Polarization Dependence of Laser-Induced Dynamics on Non-Flat Metal Surfaces: A Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Approach. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:4338-4344. [PMID: 37154779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Real-time time-dependent density functional theory was used to study the laser-pulse-induced ion dynamics on metal surfaces featuring rows of atomic ridges. In contrast to atomically flat surfaces, the rows of atomic ridges induce anisotropy on the surface even in surface-parallel directions. This anisotropy causes the laser-induced ion dynamics to depend on the orientation of the laser polarization vector in the surface-parallel directions. This polarization dependence occurs for both copper (111) and aluminum (111) surfaces, indicating that the existence of localized d orbitals in the electronic system does not play a crucial role. The difference in kinetic energies between ions on the ridges and those on the planar surface reached a maximum when the laser polarization vector was perpendicular to the rows of ridges but parallel to the surface. A simple mechanism for the polarization dependence and some potential applications in laser processing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Miyamoto
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1, Umezono Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
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126
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Su H, Hu YH. 3D graphene: synthesis, properties, and solar cell applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6660-6673. [PMID: 37144412 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01004j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) graphene is one of the most important nanomaterials. This feature article highlights the advancements, with an emphasis on contributions from our group, in the synthesis of 3D graphene-based materials and their utilization in solar cells. Chemistries of graphene oxides, hydrocarbons, and alkali metals are discussed for the synthesis of 3D graphene materials. Their performances in dye-sensitized solar cells and perovskite solar cells (as counter electrodes, photoelectrodes, and electron extracting layers) were correlatively analyzed with their properties/structures (accessible surface area, electrical conductivity, defects, and functional groups). The challenges and prospects for their applications in photovoltaic solar cells are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA.
| | - Yun Hang Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA.
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127
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Xu M, Bao DL, Li A, Gao M, Meng D, Li A, Du S, Su G, Pennycook SJ, Pantelides ST, Zhou W. Single-atom vibrational spectroscopy with chemical-bonding sensitivity. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:612-618. [PMID: 36928385 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Correlation of lattice vibrational properties with local atomic configurations in materials is essential for elucidating functionalities that involve phonon transport in solids. Recent developments in vibrational spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope have enabled direct measurements of local phonon modes at defects and interfaces by combining high spatial and energy resolution. However, pushing the ultimate limit of vibrational spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope to reveal the impact of chemical bonding on local phonon modes requires extreme sensitivity of the experiment at the chemical-bond level. Here we demonstrate that, with improved instrument stability and sensitivity, the specific vibrational signals of the same substitutional impurity and the neighbouring carbon atoms in monolayer graphene with different chemical-bonding configurations are clearly resolved, complementary with density functional theory calculations. The present work opens the door to the direct observation of local phonon modes with chemical-bonding sensitivity, and provides more insights into the defect-induced physics in graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingquan Xu
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - De-Liang Bao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aowen Li
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Meng Gao
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dongqian Meng
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shixuan Du
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Gang Su
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Stephen J Pennycook
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sokrates T Pantelides
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
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128
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Kizhepat S, Rasal AS, Chang JY, Wu HF. Development of Two-Dimensional Functional Nanomaterials for Biosensor Applications: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Prospects. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091520. [PMID: 37177065 PMCID: PMC10180329 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
New possibilities for the development of biosensors that are ready to be implemented in the field have emerged thanks to the recent progress of functional nanomaterials and the careful engineering of nanostructures. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have exceptional physical, chemical, highly anisotropic, chemically active, and mechanical capabilities due to their ultra-thin structures. The diversity of the high surface area, layered topologies, and porosity found in 2D nanomaterials makes them amenable to being engineered with surface characteristics that make it possible for targeted identification. By integrating the distinctive features of several varieties of nanostructures and employing them as scaffolds for bimolecular assemblies, biosensing platforms with improved reliability, selectivity, and sensitivity for the identification of a plethora of analytes can be developed. In this review, we compile a number of approaches to using 2D nanomaterials for biomolecule detection. Subsequently, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using 2D nanomaterials in biosensing. Finally, both the opportunities and the challenges that exist within this potentially fruitful subject are discussed. This review will assist readers in understanding the synthesis of 2D nanomaterials, their alteration by enzymes and composite materials, and the implementation of 2D material-based biosensors for efficient bioanalysis and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsa Kizhepat
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Akash S Rasal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yaw Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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129
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Ji J, Kwak HM, Yu J, Park S, Park JH, Kim H, Kim S, Kim S, Lee DS, Kum HS. Understanding the 2D-material and substrate interaction during epitaxial growth towards successful remote epitaxy: a review. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:19. [PMID: 37115353 PMCID: PMC10147895 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Remote epitaxy, which was discovered and reported in 2017, has seen a surge of interest in recent years. Although the technology seemed to be difficult to reproduce by other labs at first, remote epitaxy has come a long way and many groups are able to consistently reproduce the results with a wide range of material systems including III-V, III-N, wide band-gap semiconductors, complex-oxides, and even elementary semiconductors such as Ge. As with any nascent technology, there are critical parameters which must be carefully studied and understood to allow wide-spread adoption of the new technology. For remote epitaxy, the critical parameters are the (1) quality of two-dimensional (2D) materials, (2) transfer or growth of 2D materials on the substrate, (3) epitaxial growth method and condition. In this review, we will give an in-depth overview of the different types of 2D materials used for remote epitaxy reported thus far, and the importance of the growth and transfer method used for the 2D materials. Then, we will introduce the various growth methods for remote epitaxy and highlight the important points in growth condition for each growth method that enables successful epitaxial growth on 2D-coated single-crystalline substrates. We hope this review will give a focused overview of the 2D-material and substrate interaction at the sample preparation stage for remote epitaxy and during growth, which have not been covered in any other review to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Ji
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoe-Min Kwak
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwnagju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jimyeong Yu
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangwoo Park
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Park
- Venture Business Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seokgi Kim
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungkyu Kim
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Seon Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwnagju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Hyun S Kum
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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130
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Ji D, Lee Y, Nishina Y, Kamiya K, Daiyan R, Chu D, Wen X, Yoshimura M, Kumar P, Andreeva DV, Novoselov KS, Lee GH, Joshi R, Foller T. Angstrom-Confined Electrochemical Synthesis of Sub-Unit-Cell Non-Van Der Waals 2D Metal Oxides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2301506. [PMID: 37116867 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up electrochemical synthesis of atomically thin materials is desirable yet challenging, especially for non-vanderWaals (non-vdW) materials. Thicknesses below a few nanometers have not been reported yet, posing the question how thin can non-vdW materials be electrochemically synthesized. This is important as materials with (sub-)unit-cell thickness often show remarkably different properties compared to their bulk form or thin films of several nanometers thickness. Here, a straightforward electrochemical method utilizing the angstrom-confinement of laminar reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanochannels is introduced to obtain a centimeter-scale network of atomically thin (<4.3 Å) 2D-transition metal oxides (2D-TMO). The angstrom-confinement provides a thickness limitation, forcing sub-unit-cell growth of 2D-TMO with oxygen and metal vacancies. It is showcased that Cr2 O3 , a material without significant catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in bulk form, can be activated as a high-performing catalyst if synthesized in the 2D sub-unit-cell form. This method displays the high activity of sub-unit-cell form while retaining the stability of bulk form, promising to yield unexplored fundamental science and applications. It is shown that while retaining the advantages of bottom-up electrochemical synthesis, like simplicity, high yield, and mild conditions, the thickness of TMO can be limited to sub-unit-cell dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yunah Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yuta Nishina
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Kamiya
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Xinyue Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Masamichi Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya, 468-8511, Japan
| | - Priyank Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Daria V Andreeva
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Gwan-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Rakesh Joshi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Tobias Foller
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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131
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Jang DJ, Haidari MM, Kim JH, Ko JY, Yi Y, Choi JS. A Modified Wet Transfer Method for Eliminating Interfacial Impurities in Graphene. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091494. [PMID: 37177039 PMCID: PMC10179892 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has immense potential as a material for electronic devices owing to its unique electrical properties. However, large-area graphene produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) must be transferred from the as-grown copper substrate to an arbitrary substrate for device fabrication. The conventional wet transfer technique, which uses FeCl3 as a Cu etchant, leaves microscale impurities from the substrate, and the etchant adheres to graphene, thereby degrading its electrical performance. To address this limitation, this study introduces a modified transfer process that utilizes a temporary UV-treated SiO2 substrate to adsorb impurities from graphene before transferring it onto the final substrate. Optical microscopy and Raman mapping confirmed the adhesion of impurities to the temporary substrate, leading to a clean graphene/substrate interface. The retransferred graphene shows a reduction in electron-hole asymmetry and sheet resistance compared to conventionally transferred graphene, as confirmed by the transmission line model (TLM) and Hall effect measurements (HEMs). These results indicate that only the substrate effects remain in action in the retransferred graphene, and most of the effects of the impurities are eliminated. Overall, the modified transfer process is a promising method for obtaining high-quality graphene suitable for industrial-scale utilization in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jin Jang
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jin Hong Kim
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Ko
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsik Yi
- Superintelligent Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunication Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sik Choi
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Xin X, Chen J, Ma L, Ma T, Xin W, Xu H, Ren W, Liu Y. Grain Size Engineering of CVD-Grown Large-Area Graphene Films. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300156. [PMID: 37075746 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, a single atomic layer of graphitic carbon, has attracted much attention because of its outstanding properties hold great promise for a wide range of technological applications. Large-area graphene films (GFs) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are highly desirable for both investigating their intrinsic properties and realizing their practical applications. However, the presence of grain boundaries (GBs) has significant impacts on their properties and related applications. According to the different grain sizes, GFs can be divided into polycrystalline, single-crystal, and nanocrystalline films. In the past decade, considerable progress has been made in engineering the grain sizes of GFs by modifying the CVD processes or developing some new growth approaches. The key strategies involve controlling the nucleation density, growth rate, and grain orientation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive description of grain size engineering research of GFs. The main strategies and underlying growth mechanisms of CVD-grown large-area GFs with nanocrystalline, polycrystalline, and single-crystal structures are summarized, in which the advantages and limitations are highlighted. In addition, the scaling law of physical properties in electricity, mechanics, and thermology as a function of grain sizes are briefly discussed. Finally, the perspectives for challenges and future development in this area are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Laipeng Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
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133
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Kim H, Kim DH, Jeong Y, Lee DS, Son J, An S. Chemical gradients on graphene via direct mechanochemical cleavage of atoms from chemically functionalized graphene surfaces. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2271-2279. [PMID: 37056614 PMCID: PMC10089115 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the surface chemistry of graphene is critical to many applications that are achievable by chemical functionalization. Specifically, tailoring the spatial distribution of functional groups offers more opportunities to explore functionality using continuous changes in surface energy. To this end, careful consideration is required to demonstrate the chemical gradient on graphene surfaces, and it is necessary to develop a technique to pattern the spatial distribution of functional groups. Here, we demonstrate the tailoring of a chemical gradient through direct mechanochemical cleavage of atoms from chemically functionalized graphene surfaces via an atomic force microscope. Additionally, we define the surface characteristics of the fabricated sample by using lateral force microscopy revealing the materials' intrinsic properties at the nanoscale. Furthermore, we perform the cleaning process of the obtained lateral force images by using a machine learning method of truncated singular value decomposition. This work provides a useful technique for many applications utilizing continuous changes in the surface energy of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonsu Kim
- Department of Physics, Institute of Photonics and Information Technology, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Jeonbuk 55324 South Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea
| | - Yunjo Jeong
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Jeonbuk 55324 South Korea
| | - Dong-Su Lee
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Jeonbuk 55324 South Korea
| | - Jangyup Son
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Jeonbuk 55324 South Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School University of Science and Technology (UST) Jeonbuk 55324 South Korea
| | - Sangmin An
- Department of Physics, Institute of Photonics and Information Technology, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 South Korea
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134
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Yang S, Guo X, Liu K, Li Y, Li T, Gu X, Arenal R, Zheng X, Li W, Sun C, Wang H, Huang F. Size effect of CoS 2 cocatalyst on photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of g-C 3N 4. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 635:305-315. [PMID: 36587582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of researchers is to obtain cheap cocatalysts that can promote the photocatalytic activity of catalysts. In this work, a series of CoS2/g-C3N4 (denoted as CoS2/CN) composite photocatalysts were synthesized by photodepositing CoS2 on g-C3N4 surface. The size of CoS2 species could be tuned from single-atom to nanometer scale, which had effect on photocatalysis. The 5CoS2/CN sample with proper nano size of CoS2 cocatalyst had the best photocatalytic performance (1707.19 μmol g-1h-1) in producing H2 under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). Its photocatalytic activity was about 1434.6 times higher than that of pure g-C3N4 and almost equal with that of Pt/CN catalyst (1799.54 μmol g-1h-1). The Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation results further suggested that the ability of accumulating the electrons of the cocatalyst was based on the size effect of CoS2, and the proper size of the cocatalyst efficiently promoted the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Ke Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Yafeng Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xianrui Gu
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, No. 18, Xueyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Raul Arenal
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC-U. de Zaragoza, Calle Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; ARAID Foundation, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Xiaoxue Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Chuanzhi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China.
| | - Houpeng Wang
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, No. 18, Xueyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China.
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Verma N, Jujjavarapu SE, Mahapatra C, Mutra JKR. Contemporary updates on bioremediation applications of graphene and its composites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48854-48867. [PMID: 36884175 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, a 2D single-layered carbon sp2 hybrid substance set in a honeycomb network, is widespread in many carbon-based materials. Due to its extraordinary optical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, and magnetic competences as well as its significant specific surface area, it has attracted a lot of interest recently. Synthesizing graphene refers to any process for creating or extracting the material, depending on the desired purity, size, and efflorescence of the finished good. Numerous methods have been employed for graphene synthesis categorized as top-down procedures and bottom-up procedures. Graphene finds its implementations in various industries such as electronics, energy, chemical, transport, defence, and biomedical areas such as accurate biosensing. It has been widely used in water treatment as a binder for organic contaminants and heavy metals. Many researches have fixated on creating various modified graphene, graphene oxide composites, graphene nanoparticle composites and semiconductor hybrids of graphene for contaminant removal from water. In this review, we have tried to address various production methods for graphene and its composites along with their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, we have presented a summary on graphene's outstanding immobilization of a variety of contaminants like toxic heavy metals, organic dyes, inorganic pollutants and pharmaceutical wastes. Additionally, a development of graphene-based microbial fuel cell (MFC) has been evaluated in an effort to produce ecological wastewater treatment and bioelectricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Satya Eswari Jujjavarapu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.
| | - Chinmaya Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
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Hu L, Dong Y, Xie Y, Qian F, Chang P, Fan M, Deng J, Xu C. In Situ Growth of Graphene Catalyzed by a Phase-Change Material at 400 °C for Wafer-Scale Optoelectronic Device Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206738. [PMID: 36592430 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of metal foil catalysts in the chemical vapor deposition of graphene films makes graphene transfer an ineluctable part of graphene device fabrication, which greatly limits industrialization. Here, an oxide phase-change material (V2 O5 ) is found to have the same catalytic effect on graphene growth as conventional metals. A uniform large-area graphene film can be obtained on a 10 nm V2 O5 film. Density functional theory is used to quantitatively analyze the catalytic effect of V2 O5 . Due to the high resistance property of V2 O5 at room temperature, the obtained graphene can be directly used in devices with V2 O5 as an intercalation layer. A wafer-scale graphene-V2 O5 -Si (GVS) Schottky photodetector array is successfully fabricated. When illuminated by a 792 nm laser, the responsivity of the photodetector can reach 266 mA W-1 at 0 V bias and 420 mA W-1 at 2 V. The transfer-free device fabrication process enables high feasibility for industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yibo Dong
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yiyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Fengsong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Pengying Chang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Mengqi Fan
- School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
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137
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Patil SA, Jagdale PB, Singh A, Singh RV, Khan Z, Samal AK, Saxena M. 2D Zinc Oxide - Synthesis, Methodologies, Reaction Mechanism, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206063. [PMID: 36624578 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a thermally stable n-type semiconducting material. ZnO 2D nanosheets have mainly gained substantial attention due to their unique properties, such as direct bandgap and strong excitonic binding energy at room temperature. These are widely utilized in piezotronics, energy storage, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, gas sensors, and photocatalysis. Notably, the chemical properties and performances of ZnO nanosheets largely depend on the nano-structuring that can be regulated and controlled through modulating synthetic strategies. Two synthetic approaches, top-down and bottom-up, are mainly employed for preparing ZnO 2D nanomaterials. However, owing to better results in producing defect-free nanostructures, homogenous chemical composition, etc., the bottom-up approach is extensively used compared to the top-down method for preparing ZnO 2D nanosheets. This review presents a comprehensive study on designing and developing 2D ZnO nanomaterials, followed by accenting its potential applications. To begin with, various synthetic strategies and attributes of ZnO 2D nanosheets are discussed, followed by focusing on methodologies and reaction mechanisms. Then, their deliberation toward batteries, supercapacitors, electronics/optoelectronics, photocatalysis, sensing, and piezoelectronic platforms are further discussed. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities are featured based on its current development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Ashok Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Ramanagra, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Pallavi Bhaktapralhad Jagdale
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Ramanagra, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Ashish Singh
- R&D, Technology and Innovation, Merck- Living Innovation, Sigma Aldrich Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., #12, Bommasandra- Jigni Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560100, India
| | - Ravindra Vikram Singh
- R&D, Technology and Innovation, Merck- Living Innovation, Sigma Aldrich Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., #12, Bommasandra- Jigni Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560100, India
| | - Ziyauddin Khan
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Akshaya Kumar Samal
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Ramanagra, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Manav Saxena
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Ramanagra, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562112, India
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138
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Liu H, Thi QH, Man P, Chen X, Chen T, Wong LW, Jiang S, Huang L, Yang T, Leung KH, Leung TT, Gao S, Chen H, Lee CS, Kan M, Zhao J, Deng Q, Ly TH. Controlled Adhesion of Ice-Toward Ultraclean 2D Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210503. [PMID: 36637097 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The scalable 2D device fabrication and integration demand either the large-area synthesis or the post-synthesis transfer of 2D layers. While the direct synthesis of 2D materials on most targeted surfaces remains challenging, the transfer approach from the growth substrate onto the targeted surfaces offers an alternative pathway for applications and integrations. However, the current transfer techniques for 2D materials predominantly involve polymers and organic solvents, which are liable to contaminate or deform the ultrasensitive atomic layers. Here, novel ice-aided transfer and ice-stamp transfer methods are developed, in which water (ice) is the only medium in the entire process. In practice, the adhesion between various 2D materials and ice can be well controlled by temperature. Through such controlled adhesion of ice, it is shown that the new transfer methods can yield ultrahigh quality and exceptional cleanliness in transferred 2D flakes and continuous 2D films, and are applicable for a wide range of substrates. Furthermore, beyond transfer, ice can also be used for cleaning the surfaces of 2D materials at higher temperatures. These novel techniques can enable unprecedented ultraclean 2D materials surfaces and performances, and will contribute to the upcoming technological revolutions associated with 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Quoc Huy Thi
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Ping Man
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Tianren Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Lok Wing Wong
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Lingli Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Tiefeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ka Ho Leung
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Tsz Tung Leung
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Min Kan
- Suzhou Purevision Medical Technology Co. LTD., Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Qingming Deng
- Physics department and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, P. R. China
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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139
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Wang C, Guo H, Wang P, Li J, Sun Y, Zhang D. An Advanced Strategy to Enhance TENG Output: Reducing Triboelectric Charge Decay. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209895. [PMID: 36738121 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is poised to accelerate the construction of smart cities. However, it requires more than 30 billion sensors to realize the IoT vision, posing great challenges and opportunities for industries of self-powered sensors. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), an emerging new technology, is capable of easily converting energy from surrounding environment into electricity, thus TENG has tremendous application potential in self-powered IoT sensors. At present, TENG encounters a bottleneck to boost output for large-scale commercial use if just by promoting triboelectric charge generation, because the output is decided by the triboelectric charge dynamic equilibrium between generation and decay. To break this bottleneck, the strategy of reducing triboelectric charge decay to enhance TENG output is focused. First, multiple mechanisms of triboelectric charge decay are summarized in detail with basic theoretical principles for future research. Furthermore, recent advances in reducing triboelectric charge decay are thoroughly reviewed and outlined in three aspects: inhibition and application of air breakdown, simultaneous inhibition of air breakdown and triboelectric charge drift/diffusion, and inhibition of triboelectric charge drift/diffusion. Finally, challenges and future research focus are proposed. This review provides reference and guidance for enhancing TENG output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 168 Wenchi Middle Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hengyu Guo
- Stata Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 168 Wenchi Middle Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 168 Wenchi Middle Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yihan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 168 Wenchi Middle Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Dun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 168 Wenchi Middle Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
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140
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Zhou B, Rasmussen M, Whelan PR, Ji J, Shivayogimath A, Bøggild P, Jepsen PU. Non-Linear Conductivity Response of Graphene on Thin-Film PET Characterized by Transmission and Reflection Air-Plasma THz-TDS. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3669. [PMID: 37050729 PMCID: PMC10099266 DOI: 10.3390/s23073669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the conductivity of graphene on thin-film polymer substrates can be accurately determined by reflection-mode air-plasma-based THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The phase uncertainty issue associated with reflection measurements is discussed, and our implementation is validated by convincing agreement with graphene electrical properties extracted from more conventional transmission-mode measurements. Both the reflection and transmission THz-TDS measurements reveal strong non-linear and instantaneous conductivity depletion across an ultra-broad bandwidth (1-9 THz) under relatively high incident THz electrical field strengths (up to 1050 kV/cm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mattias Rasmussen
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Jie Ji
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Abhay Shivayogimath
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Bøggild
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Uhd Jepsen
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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141
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Lee E, Kim J, Park J, Hwang J, Jang H, Cho K, Choi W. Realizing Electronic Synapses by Defect Engineering in Polycrystalline Two-Dimensional MoS 2 for Neuromorphic Computing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15839-15847. [PMID: 36919898 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuromorphic computing based on two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) has attracted significant attention recently due to their extraordinary properties generated by the atomic-thick layered structure. This study presents sulfur-defect-assisted MoS2 artificial synaptic devices fabricated by a simple sputtering process, followed by a precise sulfur (S) vacancy-engineering process. While the as-sputtered MoS2 film does not show synaptic behavior, the S vacancy-controlled MoS2 film exhibits excellent synapse with remarkable nonvolatile memory characteristics such as a high switching ratio (∼103), a large memory window, and long retention time (∼104 s) in addition to synaptic functions such as paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and long-term potentiation (LTP)/depression (LTD). The synaptic device working mechanism of Schottky barrier height modulation by redistributing S vacancies was systemically analyzed by electrical, physical, and microscopy characterizations. The presented MoS2 synaptic device, based on the precise defect engineering of sputtered MoS2, is a facile, low-cost, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible, and scalable method and provides a procedural guideline for the design of practical 2D TMD-based neuromorphic computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunho Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Junyoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Juhong Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Jinwoo Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Hyoik Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Center for Advanced Soft Electronics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Wonbong Choi
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
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142
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Liu G, Xu G. Facile preparation of conductive carbon-based membranes on dielectric substrates. Front Chem 2023; 11:1152947. [PMID: 37056354 PMCID: PMC10086138 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1152947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene has attracted much research attention due to its outstanding chemical and physical properties, such as its excellent electronic conductivity, making it as a useful carbon material for a variety of application fields of photoelectric functional devices. Herein, a new method for synthesizing conductive carbon membranes on dielectric substrates via a low-temperature thermodynamic driven process is developed. Although the obtained films exhibit low crystallinity, their electrical, wetting, and optical properties are acceptable in practice, which opens up a new avenue for the growth of carbon membranes and may facilitate the applications of transparent electrodes as potential plasma-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates.
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143
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Xiao B, Yin M, Li W, Liang L, Dai S, Zhang X, Wang W, Liu Z. Significant Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Suspended Graphene Film by Stacking Multilayer CVD Graphene Films. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:745. [PMID: 37420978 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Suspended graphene film is of great significance for building high-performance electrical devices. However, fabricating large-area suspended graphene film with good mechanical properties is still a challenge, especially for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown graphene films. In this work, the mechanical properties of suspended CVD-grown graphene film are investigated systematically for the first time. It is found that monolayer graphene film is hard to maintain on circular holes with a diameter of tens of micrometers, which can be improved greatly by increasing the layer of graphene films. The mechanical properties of CVD-grown multilayer graphene films suspended on a circular hole with a diameter of 70 µm can be increased by 20%, and multilayer graphene films prepared by layer-layer stacking process can be increased by up to 400% for the same size. The corresponding mechanism was also discussed in detail, which might pave the way for building high-performance electrical devices based on high-strength suspended graphene film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xiao
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Mengqing Yin
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Wanfa Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Lingyan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Shixun Dai
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- CRRC Industrial Academy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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144
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Feng P, Zhang D, Zhang P, Wang Y, Gan Y. Nanoscale characterization of the heterogeneous interfacial oxidation layer of graphene/Cu based on a SEM electron beam induced reduction effect. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8816-8825. [PMID: 36916298 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05809j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the interfacial oxidation layer of graphene/metal is a challenging task using conventional spectroscopy techniques because interfacial oxidation is heterogeneous at the nanoscale underneath the graphene. Here we developed a feasible method for nanoscale characterization of the interfacial oxidation layer of graphene/Cu (Gr/Cu) based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) electron beam irradiation (EBI) induced reduction of interfacial oxides (SEM EBI-RIO method) at room temperature. The change in the thickness and coverage of the interfacial Cu oxide layer induced by EBI is responsible for the observed contrast reversal or change in SEM images of a targeted area with a width down to 200 nm in the EBI time scale of seconds to minutes. This method offers the capability of mapping heterogeneous interfacial oxidation of Gr/Cu with sub-100 nm spatial resolution and determining the range of thickness (1-5 nm) of the interfacial oxide layer. The SEM EBI-RIO method will be a powerful method to complement X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman microscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) for characterization of the interfacial oxidation layer of 2D materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Manufacturing Engineering for Aviation and Aerospace, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Materials Physics and Chemistry Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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145
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Mølvig BH, Bæk T, Ji J, Bøggild P, Lange SJ, Jepsen PU. Terahertz Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy and Imaging of Large-Area Graphene. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3297. [PMID: 36992008 PMCID: PMC10059862 DOI: 10.3390/s23063297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of a novel, integrated THz system to obtain time-domain signals for spectroscopy in the 0.1-1.4 THz range. The system employs THz generation in a photomixing antenna excited by a broadband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source and THz detection with a photoconductive antenna by coherent cross-correlation sampling. We benchmark the performance of our system against a state-of-the-art femtosecond-based THz time-domain spectroscopy system in terms of mapping and imaging of the sheet conductivity of large-area graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and transferred to a PET polymer substrate. We propose to integrate the algorithm for the extraction of the sheet conductivity with the data acquisition, thereby enabling true in-line monitoring capability of the system for integration in graphene production facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Hübschmann Mølvig
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thorsten Bæk
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- GLAZE Technologies Aps, 2950 Vedbæk, Denmark
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Bøggild
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Simon Jappe Lange
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- GLAZE Technologies Aps, 2950 Vedbæk, Denmark
| | - Peter Uhd Jepsen
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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146
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Okoroanyanwu U, Bhardwaj A, Watkins JJ. Large Area Millisecond Preparation of High-Quality, Few-Layer Graphene Films on Arbitrary Substrates via Xenon Flash Lamp Photothermal Pyrolysis and Their Application for High-Performance Micro-supercapacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13495-13507. [PMID: 36854043 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for fast, efficient, and scalable preparation of high-quality, large area, few-layer graphene films on arbitrary substrates via high-intensity pulsed xenon flash lamp photothermal pyrolysis of thin precursor films at ambient conditions in millisecond time frames. The precursors comprised poly(2,2-bis(3,4-dihydro-3-phenyl-1,3-benzoxazine)), and cyclized polyacrylonitrile and possess significant absorption cross section within the bandwidth of the emission spectrum of a xenon flash lamp. By localizing light absorption to the precursor films, the process enabled the preparation of few-layer graphene films on any substrate, including thermally sensitive substrates without the need for any catalytic substrate as in chemical vapor deposition-based approaches or conductive electrodes as in electrochemical method-based approaches. The extent of conversion of the precursor films to graphene was strongly dependent on pulse energy and the local temperature achieved due to photothermal effect, which were controlled via pulse power modulation; it also depended on structural properties of the precursor and to a lesser extent on the substrate. The cPAN showed a higher efficiency for conversion to graphene, as confirmed by Raman spectra (ID/IG ∼ 0.3), and sheet resistance of 0.1 Ω cm. To demonstrate the utility of the process, graphene film electrodes prepared photothermally on carbon fiber current collector were used for the fabrication of micro-supercapacitors with a very high areal supercapacitance of 3.5 mF/cm2. Subsequent deposition of manganese oxide onto the fabricated electrodes significantly increased the energy storage capability of the supercapacitor, yielding a device with exceptionally high capacitance of 80 F/g at 1 mA current, good rate capability, and long cycle life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzodinma Okoroanyanwu
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
| | - Ayush Bhardwaj
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
| | - James J Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
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147
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Horie R, Hirosue R, Kanasaki J, Kisoda K, Yamamoto I, Azuma J, Takahashi K. Optical film-thinning of graphene epitaxially grown on 4H-SiC(0001): robustness of monolayer-graphene against the photoexcitation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:195401. [PMID: 36854184 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acbffc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As the properties of graphene films depend on their stacked atomic layers, their thickness should be accurately controlled to improve their specific properties. However, by existing methods, controlling the homogeneity of graphene films at the atomic level remains difficult. In this work, photo-stimulated structural modifications of few-layer graphene epitaxially grown on 4H-SiC(0001) were studied using Raman scattering spectroscopy and core-level photoemission spectroscopy (CLPES). Iterative excitation with laser pulses (800 nm, 100 fs, p-polarized, 250 mJ cm-2) changed the graphene-related two-dimensional (2D) Raman line, which is composed of three components characterized by their different responses upon photoexcitation: two components decaying at fast and slow rates, and a component highly resistant to excitation. CLPES revealed that the observed decay of the 2D line was associated with the elimination of carbon atoms from the graphene layers, finally leaving the robust thin film of single-layer graphene by prolonged excitation. Therefore, this work clearly demonstrates the thickness-dependent structural stability of graphene to optical excitation and opens a promising new method for thinning graphene. An underlying mechanism for the photo-stimulated modifications was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Horie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hirosue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Jun'ichi Kanasaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Kisoda
- Department of Physics, Wakayama University, Sakaetani 930, Wakayama 640-8441, Japan
| | - Isamu Yamamoto
- Synchrotron Light Application Center, Saga University, Honjo 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Junpei Azuma
- Synchrotron Light Application Center, Saga University, Honjo 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Synchrotron Light Application Center, Saga University, Honjo 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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148
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Surana M, Ananthakrishnan G, Poss MM, Yaacoub JJ, Zhang K, Ahmed T, Admal NC, Pochet P, Johnson HT, Tawfick S. Strain-Driven Faceting of Graphene-Catalyst Interfaces. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1659-1665. [PMID: 36745111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial interaction of 2D materials with the substrate leads to striking surface faceting affecting its electronic properties. Here, we quantitatively study the orientation-dependent facet topographies observed on the catalyst under graphene using electron backscatter diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The original flat catalyst surface transforms into two facets: a low-energy low-index surface, e.g. (111), and a vicinal (high-index) surface. The critical role of graphene strain, besides anisotropic interfacial energy, in forming the observed topographies is revealed by molecular simulations. These insights are applicable to other 2D/3D heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitisha Surana
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana61801, Illinois, USA
| | - Ganesh Ananthakrishnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana61801, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew M Poss
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana61801, Illinois, USA
| | - Jad Jean Yaacoub
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana61801, Illinois, USA
| | - Kaihao Zhang
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tusher Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana61801, Illinois, USA
| | - Nikhil Chandra Admal
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana61801, Illinois, USA
| | - Pascal Pochet
- Department of Physics, IriG, Univ. Grenoble-Alpes and CEA, GrenobleF-38054, France
| | - Harley T Johnson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana61801, Illinois, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana61801, Illinois, USA
| | - Sameh Tawfick
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana61801, Illinois, USA
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, USA
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149
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Xu W, Fang W, Shi T, Ming X, Wang Y, Xie L, Peng L, Chen HT, Ying Y. Plasmonic Terahertz Devices and Sensors Based on Carbon Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12560-12569. [PMID: 36847242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tunable terahertz (THz) photonic devices are imperative in a wide range of applications ranging from THz signal modulation to molecular sensing. One of the currently prevailing methods is based on arrays of metallic or dielectric resonators integrated with functional materials in response to an external stimulus, in which for the purpose of sensing the external stimuli may introduce inadvertent undesirable effects into the target samples to be measured. Here we developed an alternative approach by postprocessing nanothickness macro-assembled graphene (nMAG) films with widely tunable THz conductivity, enabling versatile solid-state THz devices and sensors, showing multifunctional nMAG-based applications. The THz conductivities of free-standing nMAGs showed a broad range from 1.2 × 103 S/m in reduced graphene oxide before annealing to 4.0 × 106 S/m in a nMAG film annealed at 2800 °C. We fabricated nMAG/dielectric/metal and nMAG/dielectric/nMAG THz Salisbury absorbers with broad reflectance ranging from 0% to 80%. The highly conductive nMAG films enabled THz metasurfaces for sensing applications. Taking advantage of the resonant field enhancement arising from the plasmonic metasurface structures and the strong interactions between analyte molecules and nMAG films, we successfully detected diphenylamine with a limit of detection of 4.2 pg. Those wafer-scale nMAG films present promising potential in high-performance THz electronics, photonics, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendao Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wenzhang Fang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Teng Shi
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Xin Ming
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li Peng
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Hou-Tong Chen
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Yibin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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150
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Upconversion optogenetics-driven biohybrid sensor for infrared sensing and imaging. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:747-758. [PMID: 36638940 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms are far superior to state-of-the-art devices in visual perception as they have evolved a wide number of capabilities that encompass our most advanced technologies. By leveraging the performance of living organisms and directly interfacing them with artificial components, it can use the intricacy and metabolic efficiency of biological visual sensing within artificial machines. Inspired by the molecular basis (transient receptor potential, TRP) for infrared detection of pit-bearing organisms, we propose a TRP-like biohybrid sensor by integrating upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) and optogenetically engineered cells on a graphene transistor for infrared sensing and imaging. The UCNP converts infrared light irradiation into blue light, the blue light activates the cells expressed with channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and induces transmembrane photocurrent, and the photocurrent is detected by a biocompatible graphene transistor. Stepwise and overall experimental results show that, upon infrared light irradiation, the UCNP can rapidly mediate cellular photocurrents, which further translates into the extra output current of the graphene transistor. More notably, the response speed of the biohybrid sensor is 1∼3 orders of magnitude faster than those of TRPs heterologously expressed in cell lines in the literature, which confirms the response time advantage of the combination of UCNP and ChR2 within the sensor in place of TRPs. The biohybrid sensor can successfully image infrared targets, proving the feasibility of developing bionic infrared sensing devices by biohybrid integration of nonliving nanomaterials and biological components. This work opens up an avenue for biohybrid sensors to develop the bionic infrared vision that promisingly reproduces the functional superiority of natural organisms. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Infrared sensing and imaging have a wide range of military and civilian applications. Organisms have evolved excellent infrared vision with the molecular basis, transient receptor potential (TRP), and the performance is superior to existing state-of-the-art infrared devices. Inspired by this, a TRP-like biohybrid sensor based on upconversion optogenetics and a 2D material-based device is developed for infrared sensing and imaging. The biohybrid sensor has a relatively fast response speed that is 1∼3 orders of magnitude faster than that of the heterologously expressed TRPs, which enables its capability of infrared imaging with a single pixel-based method. This work broadens the spectrum of biohybrid sensing based on engineered cells to infrared, advancing the process of reproducing the excellent infrared detection of organisms.
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