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Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a well-recognized system that plays an essential role in tumor initiation, development, and progression. Intense intercellular communication between tumor cells and other cells (especially macrophages) occurs in the TME and is mediated by cell-to-cell contact and/or soluble messengers. Emerging evidence indicates that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are critical regulators of the relationship between cells within the TME. In this review, we provide an update on the regulation of ncRNAs (primarily micro RNAs [miRNAs], long ncRNAs [lncRNAs], and circular RNAs [circRNAs]) in the crosstalk between macrophages and tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These ncRNAs are derived from macrophages or tumor cells and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, contributing to tumor progression not only by regulating the physiological and pathological processes of tumor cells but also by controlling macrophage infiltration, activation, polarization, and function. Herein, we also explore the options available for clinical therapeutic strategies targeting crosstalk-related ncRNAs to treat HCC. A better understanding of the relationship between macrophages and tumor cells mediated by ncRNAs will uncover new diagnostic biomarkers and pharmacological targets in cancer.
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102
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Lee HY, You DJ, Taylor-Just AJ, Linder KE, Atkins HM, Ralph LM, De la Cruz G, Bonner JC. Pulmonary exposure of mice to ammonium perfluoro(2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate) (GenX) suppresses the innate immune response to carbon black nanoparticles and stimulates lung cell proliferation. Inhal Toxicol 2022; 34:244-259. [PMID: 35704474 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2086651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been associated with respiratory diseases in humans, yet the mechanisms through which PFAS cause susceptibility to inhaled agents is unknown. Herein, we investigated the effects of ammonium perfluoro(2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate) (GenX), an emerging PFAS, on the pulmonary immune response of mice to carbon black nanoparticles (CBNP). We hypothesized that pulmonary exposure to GenX would increase susceptibility to CBNP through suppression of innate immunity. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to vehicle, 4 mg/kg CBNP, 10 mg/kg GenX, or CBNP and GenX by oropharyngeal aspiration. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected at 1 and 14 days postexposure for cytokines and total protein. Lung tissue was harvested for histopathology, immunohistochemistry (Ki67 and phosphorylated (p)-STAT3), western blotting (p-STAT3 and p-NF-κB), and qRT-PCR for cytokine mRNAs. RESULTS CBNP increased CXCL-1 and neutrophils in BALF at both time points evaluated. However, GenX/CBNP co-exposure reduced CBNP-induced CXCL-1 and neutrophils in BALF. Moreover, CXCL-1, CXCL-2 and IL-1β mRNAs were increased by CBNP in lung tissue but reduced by GenX. Western blotting showed that CBNP induced p-NF-κB in lung tissue, while the GenX/CBNP co-exposed group displayed decreased p-NF-κB. Furthermore, mice exposed to GenX or GenX/CBNP displayed increased numbers of BALF macrophages undergoing mitosis and increased Ki67 immunostaining. This was correlated with increased p-STAT3 by western blotting and immunohistochemistry in lung tissue from mice co-exposed to GenX/CBNP. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary exposure to GenX suppressed CBNP-induced innate immune response in the lungs of mice yet promoted the proliferation of macrophages and lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Young Lee
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dorothy J You
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Alexia J Taylor-Just
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Keith E Linder
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hannah M Atkins
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren M Ralph
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gabriela De la Cruz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James C Bonner
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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103
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Chang H, Ni Y, Shen C, Li C, He K, Zhu X, Chen L, Chen L, Qiu J, Ji Y, Hou M, Ji M, Xu Z. Peritoneal GATA6 + macrophage drives hepatic immunopathogenesis and maintains the T reg cell niche in the liver. Immunol Suppl 2022; 167:77-93. [PMID: 35689656 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The source of macrophages that contribute to human liver disease remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the functional mechanism of peritoneal macrophages in the development of hepatic immunopathology. By performing the natural infection with the blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) and the chemically carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced liver injured mouse model, we identified the peritoneal cavity as an essential source of hepatic macrophages. Here, we show that a large number of F4/80+ macrophages was accumulated in the peritoneal cavity during liver injury. An unknown source population of macrophages, which highly expressed GATA6 that is specific to peritoneal macrophages, was found to exist in the injured livers. Peritoneal macrophage deletion by injection with clodronate-containing liposomes led to an attenuated hepatic pathology and the inflammatory microenvironment, while adoptive transfer of macrophages into the abdominal cavity, by contrast, results in restoring liver pathology. Importantly, there are set genes of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, -2, and -3 that are highly related to recruit GATA6+ macrophages during S. japonicum infection, while administration of bindarit, a selective inhibitor of MCPs synthesis, dramatically decreased the hepatic expression of GATA6+ macrophages and thus attenuated hepatic pathology. Furthermore, in vivo study showed that peritoneal macrophages promote hepatic immunopathology is dependent on the accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the liver. Altogether, these data provide the first clear evidence that GATA6+ peritoneal macrophages play critical roles in both the formation of hepatic immunopathology and the accumulation of Tregs cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyue Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunxiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaiyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingfan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Min Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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104
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Perona-Wright G, McSorley HJ. Lessons from helminths: what worms have taught us about mucosal immunology. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1049-1051. [PMID: 35999461 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry J McSorley
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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105
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Krupa A, Krupa MM, Pawlak K. Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase 1-The Potential Link between the Innate Immunity and the Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116176. [PMID: 35682852 PMCID: PMC9181334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is of the most common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI); nevertheless, the mechanisms responsible for both early kidney injury and the reparative phase are not fully recognised. The inflammatory response following ischemia is characterised by the crosstalk between cells belonging to the innate immune system-dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, and renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). A tough inflammatory response can damage the renal tissue; it may also have a protective effect leading to the repair after IRI. Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the principal enzyme of the kynurenine pathway (KP), has a broad spectrum of immunological activity from stimulation to immunosuppressive activity in inflamed areas. IDO1 expression occurs in cells of the innate immunity and RTECs during IRI, resulting in local tryptophan (TRP) depletion and generation of kynurenines, and both of these mechanisms contribute to the immunosuppressive effect. Nonetheless, it is unknown if the above mechanism can play a harmful or preventive role in IRI-induced AKI. Despite the scarcity of literature in this field, the current review attempts to present a possible role of IDO1 activation in the regulation of the innate immune system in IRI-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krupa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Mikolaj M. Krupa
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-56-00
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106
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Silberberg E, Filep JG, Ariel A. Weathering the Storm: Harnessing the Resolution of Inflammation to Limit COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:863449. [PMID: 35615359 PMCID: PMC9124752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.863449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is a temporally and spatially coordinated process that in its innate manifestations, primarily involves neutrophils and macrophages. The shutdown of infection or injury-induced acute inflammation requires termination of neutrophil accumulation within the affected sites, neutrophil demise, and clearance by phagocytes (efferocytosis), such as tissue-resident and monocyte-derived macrophages. This must be followed by macrophage reprogramming from the inflammatory to reparative and consequently resolution-promoting phenotypes and the production of resolution-promoting lipid and protein mediators that limit responses in various cell types and promote tissue repair and return to homeostatic architecture and function. Recent studies suggest that these events, and macrophage reprogramming to pro-resolving phenotypes in particular, are not only important in the acute setting, but might be paramount in limiting chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and various uncontrolled cytokine-driven pathologies. The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a worldwide health and economic crisis. Severe COVID-19 cases that lead to high morbidity are tightly associated with an exuberant cytokine storm that seems to trigger shock-like pathologies, leading to vascular and multiorgan failures. In other cases, the cytokine storm can lead to diffuse alveolar damage that results in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and lung failure. Here, we address recent advances on effectors in the resolution of inflammation and discuss how pro-resolution mechanisms with particular emphasis on macrophage reprogramming, might be harnessed to limit the universal COVID-19 health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Silberberg
- Department of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - János G. Filep
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Amiram Ariel, ; János G. Filep,
| | - Amiram Ariel
- Department of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- *Correspondence: Amiram Ariel, ; János G. Filep,
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107
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Sylvester M, Son A, Schwartz DM. The Interactions Between Autoinflammation and Type 2 Immunity: From Mechanistic Studies to Epidemiologic Associations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818039. [PMID: 35281022 PMCID: PMC8907424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are a group of clinical syndromes characterized by constitutive overactivation of innate immune pathways. This results in increased production of or responses to monocyte- and neutrophil-derived cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), and Type 1 interferon (IFN). By contrast, clinical allergy is caused by dysregulated type 2 immunity, which is characterized by expansion of T helper 2 (Th2) cells and eosinophils, as well as overproduction of the associated cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. Traditionally, type 2 immune cells and autoinflammatory effectors were thought to counter-regulate each other. However, an expanding body of evidence suggests that, in some contexts, autoinflammatory pathways and cytokines may potentiate type 2 immune responses. Conversely, type 2 immune cells and cytokines can regulate autoinflammatory responses in complex and context-dependent manners. Here, we introduce the concepts of autoinflammation and type 2 immunity. We proceed to review the mechanisms by which autoinflammatory and type 2 immune responses can modulate each other. Finally, we discuss the epidemiology of type 2 immunity and clinical allergy in several monogenic and complex autoinflammatory diseases. In the future, these interactions between type 2 immunity and autoinflammation may help to expand the spectrum of autoinflammation and to guide the management of patients with various autoinflammatory and allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKella Sylvester
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aran Son
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniella M Schwartz
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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108
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García-Fojeda B, Minutti CM, Montero-Fernández C, Stamme C, Casals C. Signaling Pathways That Mediate Alveolar Macrophage Activation by Surfactant Protein A and IL-4. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860262. [PMID: 35444643 PMCID: PMC9014242 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of tissue repair program in macrophages requires the integration of IL-4/IL-13 cytokines and tissue-specific signals. In the lung, surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a tissue factor that amplifies IL-4Rα-dependent alternative activation and proliferation of alveolar macrophages (AMs) through the myosin18A receptor. However, the mechanism by which SP-A and IL-4 synergistically increase activation and proliferation of AMs is unknown. Here we show that SP-A amplifies IL-4-mediated phosphorylation of STAT6 and Akt by binding to myosin18A. Blocking PI3K activity or the myosin18A receptor abrogates SP-A´s amplifying effects on IL-4 signaling. SP-A alone activates Akt, mTORC1, and PKCζ and inactivates GSK3α/β by phosphorylation, but it cannot activate arginase-1 activity or AM proliferation on its own. The combined effects of IL-4 and SP-A on the mTORC1 and GSK3 branches of PI3K-Akt signaling contribute to increased AM proliferation and alternative activation, as revealed by pharmacological inhibition of Akt (inhibitor VIII) and mTORC1 (rapamycin and torin). On the other hand, the IL-4+SP-A-driven PKCζ signaling axis appears to intersect PI3K activation with STAT6 phosphorylation to achieve more efficient alternative activation of AMs. Consistent with IL-4+SP-A-driven activation of mTORC1 and mTORC2, both agonists synergistically increased mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in AMs, which are necessary for production of energy and metabolic intermediates for proliferation and alternative activation. We conclude that SP-A signaling in AMs activates PI3K-dependent branched pathways that amplify IL-4 actions on cell proliferation and the acquisition of AM effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén García-Fojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos M Minutti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Montero-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cordula Stamme
- Division of Cellular Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cristina Casals
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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109
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Sanin DE, Ge Y, Marinkovic E, Kabat AM, Castoldi A, Caputa G, Grzes KM, Curtis JD, Thompson EA, Willenborg S, Dichtl S, Reinhardt S, Dahl A, Pearce EL, Eming SA, Gerbaulet A, Roers A, Murray PJ, Pearce EJ. A common framework of monocyte-derived macrophage activation. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabl7482. [PMID: 35427180 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl7482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages populate every organ during homeostasis and disease, displaying features of tissue imprinting and heterogeneous activation. The disconnected picture of macrophage biology that has emerged from these observations is a barrier for integration across models or with in vitro macrophage activation paradigms. We set out to contextualize macrophage heterogeneity across mouse tissues and inflammatory conditions, specifically aiming to define a common framework of macrophage activation. We built a predictive model with which we mapped the activation of macrophages across 12 tissues and 25 biological conditions, finding a notable commonality and finite number of transcriptional profiles, in particular among infiltrating macrophages, which we modeled as defined stages along four conserved activation paths. These activation paths include a "phagocytic" regulatory path, an "inflammatory" cytokine-producing path, an "oxidative stress" antimicrobial path, or a "remodeling" extracellular matrix deposition path. We verified this model with adoptive cell transfer experiments and identified transient RELMɑ expression as a feature of monocyte-derived macrophage tissue engraftment. We propose that this integrative approach of macrophage classification allows the establishment of a common predictive framework of monocyte-derived macrophage activation in inflammation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Sanin
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yan Ge
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emilija Marinkovic
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Agnieszka M Kabat
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - George Caputa
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M Grzes
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jonathan D Curtis
- Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Thompson
- Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sebastian Willenborg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstr. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Susanne Reinhardt
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sabine A Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstr. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Gerbaulet
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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110
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Yang X, Zhang B, Yu P, Liu M, Zhang C, Su E, Xie S, Zou Y, Jiang H, Ge J. HMGB1 in macrophage nucleus protects against pressure overload induced cardiac remodeling via regulation of macrophage differentiation and inflammatory response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 611:91-98. [PMID: 35483224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pressure overload induced cardiac remodeling is associated with a complex spectrum of pathophysiological mechanisms. As inflammatory cells, macrophages maintain a critical position in mechanical stress-induced myocardial remodeling. HMGB1 is a highly conserved, ubiquitous protein in various types of cells whose biological roles are closely dependent on subcellular sites. However, whether HMGB1 expressed in macrophages performs the protective or pathological responses in cardiac remodeling is unknown. In this study, we generated the myeloid-specific HMGB1 knockout mice and detected the effects of macrophage HMGB1 in response to pathophysiological stress. Our data showed HMGB1 in macrophages played a protective role against the pressure overload induced cardiac pathophysiology. The deletion of HMGB1 in macrophages gains more differentiation of M1-type pro-inflammatory macrophage during the mechanical stress-induced myocardial remodeling, thereby aggravating the inflammatory response in whole heart, resulting in accelerated deterioration of cardiac function. Moreover, in vitro data also validated HMGB1 got involved in the process of macrophage polarization. Macrophages without HMGB1 are more inclined to differentiate into M1 during the stretch process. In summary, the present results indicated that loss of HMGB1 in macrophages can exacerbate heart failure through increased differentiation of pro-inflammatory macrophages and enhanced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Baoli Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Health Management Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Enyong Su
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shiyao Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
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111
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Zhou W, Hu G, He J, Wang T, Zuo Y, Cao Y, Zheng Q, Tu J, Ma J, Cai R, Chen Y, Fan Q, Dong B, Tan H, Wang Q, Xue W, Cheng J. SENP1-Sirt3 signaling promotes α-ketoglutarate production during M2 macrophage polarization. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110660. [PMID: 35417703 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic program is altered during macrophage activation and influences macrophage polarization. Glutaminolysis promotes accumulation of α-ketoglutarate (αKG), leading to Jumonji domain-containing protein D3 (Jmjd3)-dependent demethylation at H3K27me3 during M2 polarization of macrophages. However, it remains unclear how αKG accumulation is regulated during M2 polarization of macrophages. This study shows that SENP1-Sirt3 signaling controls glutaminolysis, leading to αKG accumulation during IL-4-stimulated M2 polarization. Activation of the SENP1-Sirt3 axis augments M2 macrophage polarization through the accumulation of αKG via glutaminolysis. We also identify glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1) as an acetylated protein in mitochondria. The SENP1-Sirt3 axis deacetylates GLUD1 and increases its activity in glutaminolysis to promote αKG production, leading to M2 polarization of macrophages. Therefore, SENP1-Sirt3 signaling plays a critical role in αKG accumulation via glutaminolysis to promote M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Urology, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gaolei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianli He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tianshi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Quan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yalan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qiuju Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hongsheng Tan
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Jinke Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Trappetti V, Fazzari J, Fernandez-Palomo C, Smyth L, Potez M, Shintani N, de Breuyn Dietler B, Martin OA, Djonov V. Targeted Accumulation of Macrophages Induced by Microbeam Irradiation in a Tissue-Dependent Manner. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040735. [PMID: 35453485 PMCID: PMC9025837 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is a vital component of multimodal cancer treatment, and its immunomodulatory effects are a major focus of current therapeutic strategies. Macrophages are some of the first cells recruited to sites of radiation-induced injury where they can aid in tissue repair, propagate radiation-induced fibrogenesis and influence tumour dynamics. Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a unique, spatially fractionated radiation modality that has demonstrated exceptional tumour control and reduction in normal tissue toxicity, including fibrosis. We conducted a morphological analysis of MRT-irradiated normal liver, lung and skin tissues as well as lung and melanoma tumours. MRT induced distinct patterns of DNA damage, reflecting the geometry of the microbeam array. Macrophages infiltrated these regions of peak dose deposition at variable timepoints post-irradiation depending on the tissue type. In normal liver and lung tissue, macrophages clearly demarcated the beam path by 48 h and 7 days post-irradiation, respectively. This was not reflected, however, in normal skin tissue, despite clear DNA damage marking the beam path. Persistent DNA damage was observed in MRT-irradiated lung carcinoma, with an accompanying geometry-specific influx of mixed M1/M2-like macrophage populations. These data indicate the unique potential of MRT as a tool to induce a remarkable accumulation of macrophages in an organ/tissue-specific manner. Further characterization of these macrophage populations is warranted to identify their organ-specific roles in normal tissue sparing and anti-tumour responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Trappetti
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Jennifer Fazzari
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Cristian Fernandez-Palomo
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Lloyd Smyth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Marine Potez
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nahoko Shintani
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Bettina de Breuyn Dietler
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Olga A. Martin
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
- Correspondence:
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113
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Liu J, Liu Z, Pang Y, Zhou H. The interaction between nanoparticles and immune system: application in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:127. [PMID: 35279135 PMCID: PMC8917374 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) is an emerging tool applied in the biomedical field. With combination of different materials and adjustment of their physical and chemical properties, nanoparticles can have diverse effects on the organism and may change the treating paradigm of multiple diseases in the future. More and more results show that nanoparticles can function as immunomodulators and some formulas have been approved for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. However, our current understanding of the mechanisms that nanoparticles can influence immune responses is still limited, and systemic clinical trials are necessary for the evaluation of their security and long-term effects. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in nanoparticles that can interact with different cellular and molecular components of the immune system and their application in the management of inflammatory diseases, which are caused by abnormal immune reactions. This article focuses on the mechanisms of interaction between nanoparticles and the immune system and tries to provide a reference for the future design of nanotechnology for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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114
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Adoptive transfer of metabolically reprogrammed macrophages for atherosclerosis treatment in diabetic ApoE−/- mice. Bioact Mater 2022; 16:82-94. [PMID: 35386323 PMCID: PMC8958426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by inflammation in the arterial wall, which is known to be exacerbated by diabetes. Therapeutic repression of inflammation is a promising strategy for treating atherosclerosis. In this study, we showed that diabetes aggravated atherosclerosis in apolipoproteinE knockout (ApoE−/-) mice, in which increased expression of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (Acsl1) in macrophages played an important role. Knockdown of Acsl1 in macrophages (MφshAcsl1) reprogrammed macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, especially under hyperglycemic conditions. Injection of MφshAcsl1 reprogrammed macrophages into streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic ApoE−/- mice (ApoE−/-+ STZ) alleviated inflammation locally in the plaque, liver and spleen. Consistent with the reduction in inflammation, plaques became smaller and more stable after the adoptive transfer of reprogrammed macrophages. Taken together, our findings indicate that increased Acsl1 expression in macrophages play a key role in aggravated atherosclerosis of diabetic mice, possibly by promoting inflammation. Adoptive transfer of Acsl1 silenced macrophages may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis. Increased Acsl1 in macrophages is responsible for the exacerbated inflammation in diabetes MφshAcsl1 is characterized as anti-inflammatory phenotype Adoptive transfer of MφshAcsl1 alleviates atherosclerosis in diabetic ApoE−/- mice MφshAcsl1 inhibits both local and systemic inflammation in vivo
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115
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Manjally AV, Tay TL. Attack of the Clones: Microglia in Health and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:831747. [PMID: 35173585 PMCID: PMC8841846 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.831747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Vinayak Manjally
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tuan Leng Tay
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Tuan Leng Tay
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Chen F, El-Naccache DW, Ponessa JJ, Lemenze A, Espinosa V, Wu W, Lothstein K, Jin L, Antao O, Weinstein JS, Damani-Yokota P, Khanna K, Murray PJ, Rivera A, Siracusa MC, Gause WC. Helminth resistance is mediated by differential activation of recruited monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages and arginine depletion. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110215. [PMID: 35021079 PMCID: PMC9403845 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are known to mediate anti-helminth responses, but it remains uncertain which subsets are involved or how macrophages actually kill helminths. Here, we show rapid monocyte recruitment to the lung after infection with the nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. In this inflamed tissue microenvironment, these monocytes differentiate into an alveolar macrophage (AM)-like phenotype, expressing both SiglecF and CD11c, surround invading parasitic larvae, and preferentially kill parasites in vitro. Monocyte-derived AMs (Mo-AMs) express type 2-associated markers and show a distinct remodeling of the chromatin landscape relative to tissue-derived AMs (TD-AMs). In particular, they express high amounts of arginase-1 (Arg1), which we demonstrate mediates helminth killing through L-arginine depletion. These studies indicate that recruited monocytes are selectively programmed in the pulmonary environment to express AM markers and an anti-helminth phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Darine W El-Naccache
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - John J Ponessa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Alexander Lemenze
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Vanessa Espinosa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Katherine Lothstein
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Linhua Jin
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Olivia Antao
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jason S Weinstein
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Payal Damani-Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kamal Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Amariliz Rivera
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mark C Siracusa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - William C Gause
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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117
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Jackson MR, Stevenson K, Chahal SK, Curley E, Finney GE, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Onwubiko E, Rupp A, Strathdee K, Williams K, MacLeod MKL, McSharry C, Chalmers AJ. Low-Dose Lung Radiation Therapy for COVID-19 Lung Disease: A Preclinical Efficacy Study in a Bleomycin Model of Pneumonitis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 112:197-211. [PMID: 34478832 PMCID: PMC8406661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low-dose whole lung radiation therapy (LDLR) has been proposed as a treatment for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and clinical trials are underway. There is an urgent need for preclinical evidence to justify this approach and inform dose, scheduling, and mechanisms of action. METHODS AND MATERIALS Female C57BL/6 mice were treated with intranasal bleomycin sulfate (7.5 or 11.25 units/kg, day 0) and then exposed to whole lung radiation therapy (0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 Gy, or sham; day 3). Bodyweight was measured daily, and lung tissue was harvested for histology and flow cytometry on day 10. Computed tomography lung imaging was performed before radiation (day 3) and pre-endpoint (day 10). RESULTS Bleomycin caused pneumonitis of variable severity, which correlated with weight loss. LDLR at 1.0 Gy was associated with a significant increase in the proportion of mice recovering to 98% of initial bodyweight, and a proportion of these mice exhibited less severe histopathologic lung changes. Mice experiencing moderate initial weight loss were more likely to respond to LDLR than those experiencing severe initial weight loss. In addition, LDLR (1.0 Gy) significantly reduced bleomycin-induced increases in interstitial macrophages, CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs), and neutrophil-DC hybrids. Overall, bleomycin-treated mice exhibited significantly higher percentages of nonaerated lung in left than right lungs, and LDLR (1.0 Gy) limited further reductions in aerated lung volume in right but not left lungs. LDLR at 0.5 and 1.5 Gy did not improve bodyweight, flow cytometric, or radiologic readouts of bleomycin-induced pneumonitis. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the concept that LDLR can ameliorate acute inflammatory lung injury, identify 1.0 Gy as the most effective dose, and provide evidence that it is more effective in the context of moderate than severe pneumonitis. Mechanistically, LDLR at 1.0 Gy significantly suppressed bleomycin-induced accumulation of pulmonary interstitial macrophages, CD103+ DCs, and neutrophil-DC hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Jackson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sandeep K Chahal
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emer Curley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - George E Finney
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Angie Rupp
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Strathdee
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Williams
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Megan K L MacLeod
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Charles McSharry
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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118
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Tissue-resident immunity in the lung: a first-line defense at the environmental interface. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:827-854. [PMID: 36305904 PMCID: PMC9614767 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lung is a vital organ that incessantly faces external environmental challenges. Its homeostasis and unimpeded vital function are ensured by the respiratory epithelium working hand in hand with an intricate fine-tuned tissue-resident immune cell network. Lung tissue-resident immune cells span across the innate and adaptive immunity and protect from infectious agents but can also prove to be pathogenic if dysregulated. Here, we review the innate and adaptive immune cell subtypes comprising lung-resident immunity and discuss their ontogeny and role in distinct respiratory diseases. An improved understanding of the role of lung-resident immunity and how its function is dysregulated under pathological conditions can shed light on the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases.
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119
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Menarim BC, El-Sheikh Ali H, Loux SC, Scoggin KE, Kalbfleisch TS, MacLeod JN, Dahlgren LA. Transcriptional and Histochemical Signatures of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell-Mediated Resolution of Synovitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734322. [PMID: 34956173 PMCID: PMC8692379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) may result from impaired ability of synovial macrophages to resolve joint inflammation. Increasing macrophage counts in inflamed joints through injection with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNC) induces lasting resolution of synovial inflammation. To uncover mechanisms by which BMNC may affect resolution, in this study, differential transcriptional signatures of BMNC in response to normal (SF) and inflamed synovial fluid (ISF) were analyzed. We demonstrate the temporal behavior of co-expressed gene networks associated with traits from related in vivo and in vitro studies. We also identified activated and inhibited signaling pathways and upstream regulators, further determining their protein expression in the synovium of inflamed joints treated with BMNC or DPBS controls. BMNC responded to ISF with an early pro-inflammatory response characterized by a short spike in the expression of a NF-ƙB- and mitogen-related gene network. This response was associated with sustained increased expression of two gene networks comprising known drivers of resolution (IL-10, IGF-1, PPARG, isoprenoid biosynthesis). These networks were common to SF and ISF, but more highly expressed in ISF. Most highly activated pathways in ISF included the mevalonate pathway and PPAR-γ signaling, with pro-resolving functional annotations that improve mitochondrial metabolism and deactivate NF-ƙB signaling. Lower expression of mevalonate kinase and phospho-PPARγ in synovium from inflamed joints treated with BMNC, and equivalent IL-1β staining between BMNC- and DPBS-treated joints, associates with accomplished resolution in BMNC-treated joints and emphasize the intricate balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms required for resolution. Combined, our data suggest that BMNC-mediated resolution is characterized by constitutively expressed homeostatic mechanisms, whose expression are enhanced following inflammatory stimulus. These mechanisms translate into macrophage proliferation optimizing their capacity to counteract inflammatory damage and improving their general and mitochondrial metabolism to endure oxidative stress while driving tissue repair. Such effect is largely achieved through the synthesis of several lipids that mediate recovery of homeostasis. Our study reveals candidate mechanisms by which BMNC provide lasting improvement in patients with OA and suggests further investigation on the effects of PPAR-γ signaling enhancement for the treatment of arthritic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C Menarim
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shavahn C Loux
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kirsten E Scoggin
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Theodore S Kalbfleisch
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - James N MacLeod
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Linda A Dahlgren
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Eddins DJ, Kosters A, Waters J, Sosa J, Phillips M, Yadava K, Herzenberg LA, Kuipers HF, Ghosn EEB. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Requirement for Macrophage Regeneration Is Tissue Specific. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:3028-3037. [PMID: 34810224 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMΦ) are important immune sentinels responsible for maintaining tissue and immune homeostasis within their specific niche. Recently, the origins of TRMΦ have undergone intense scrutiny, in which now most TRMΦ are thought to originate early during embryonic development independent of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We previously characterized two distinct subsets of mouse peritoneal cavity macrophages (MΦ) (large and small peritoneal MΦ) whose origins and relationship to both fetal and adult long-term (LT) HSCs have not been fully investigated. In this study, we employ highly purified LT-HSC transplantation and in vivo lineage tracing to show a dual ontogeny for large and small peritoneal MΦ, in which the initial wave of peritoneal MΦ is seeded from yolk sac-derived precursors, which later require LT-HSCs for regeneration. In contrast, transplanted fetal and adult LT-HSCs are not able to regenerate brain-resident microglia. Thus, we demonstrate that LT-HSCs retain the potential to develop into TRMΦ, but their requirement is tissue specific in the peritoneum and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon J Eddins
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.,Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Astrid Kosters
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jeffrey Waters
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; and
| | - Jasmine Sosa
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; and
| | - Megan Phillips
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; and
| | - Koshika Yadava
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Eliver Eid Bou Ghosn
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; .,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.,Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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121
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Petrof BJ. Macrophage plasticity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a nexus of pathological remodelling with therapeutic implications. J Physiol 2021; 600:3455-3464. [PMID: 34904234 DOI: 10.1113/jp281673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by chronic skeletal muscle necrosis, leading to muscle regeneration failure and fibrosis. Although macrophages (MPs) are normally essential for muscle regeneration, dysregulated MP function promotes pathological muscle remodelling. Infiltrating MPs can be predominantly pro-inflammatory (M1 biased), anti-inflammatory (M2 biased) or of a mixed phenotype and can originate from the adult bone marrow (monocyte dependent) or embryonic precursors (monocyte independent). In mdx mice (genetic model of DMD) lacking either Toll-like receptor (Tlr) 2 or Tlr4, it is found that MP infiltration of dystrophic muscle is significantly reduced and that the MP phenotype is shifted toward a more anti-inflammatory profile. This is accompanied by significant improvements in muscle histology and force production. Lack of the chemokine receptor CCR2, which impedes monocyte release from the bone marrow, leads to similar beneficial effects in mdx mice. Evidence was also found for Tlr4-regulated induction of trained innate immunity in MPs cultured from the bone marrow of mdx mice before their entry into the muscle. These MPs exhibit epigenetic and metabolic alterations, accompanied by non-specific hyper-responsiveness to multiple stimuli, which is manifested by potentiated upregulation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory genes. In summary, exaggerated recruitment of monocyte-derived MPs and signs of trained innate immunity at the level of the bone marrow are features of the immunophenotype associated with dystrophic muscle disease. These phenomena are regulated by Toll-like receptors that bind endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, suggesting that DAMP release from dystrophic muscles modulates MP plasticity at the bone marrow level through Toll-like receptor-driven mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil J Petrof
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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122
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Efferocytosis induces macrophage proliferation to help resolve tissue injury. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2445-2463.e8. [PMID: 34784501 PMCID: PMC8665147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell clearance by macrophages (efferocytosis) promotes resolution signaling pathways, which can be triggered by molecules derived from the phagolysosomal degradation of apoptotic cells. We show here that nucleotides derived from the hydrolysis of apoptotic cell DNA by phagolysosomal DNase2a activate a DNA-PKcs-mTORC2/Rictor pathway that increases Myc to promote non-inflammatory macrophage proliferation. Efferocytosis-induced proliferation expands the pool of resolving macrophages in vitro and in mice, including zymosan-induced peritonitis, dexamethasone-induced thymocyte apoptosis, and atherosclerosis regression. In the dexamethasone-thymus model, hematopoietic Rictor deletion blocked efferocytosing macrophage proliferation, apoptotic cell clearance, and tissue resolution. In atherosclerosis regression, silencing macrophage Rictor or DNase2a blocked efferocyte proliferation, apoptotic cell clearance, and plaque stabilization. In view of previous work showing that other types of apoptotic cell cargo can promote resolution in individual efferocytosing macrophages, the findings here suggest that signaling-triggered apoptotic cell-derived nucleotides can amplify this benefit by increasing the number of these macrophages.
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123
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Mitochondrial metabolism coordinates stage-specific repair processes in macrophages during wound healing. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2398-2414.e9. [PMID: 34715039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a coordinated process that initially relies on pro-inflammatory macrophages, followed by a pro-resolution function of these cells. Changes in cellular metabolism likely dictate these distinct activities, but the nature of these changes has been unclear. Here, we profiled early- versus late-stage skin wound macrophages in mice at both the transcriptional and functional levels. We found that glycolytic metabolism in the early phase is not sufficient to ensure productive repair. Instead, by combining conditional disruption of the electron transport chain with deletion of mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, followed by single-cell sequencing analysis, we found that a subpopulation of early-stage wound macrophages are marked by mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production and HIF1α stabilization, which ultimately drives a pro-angiogenic program essential for timely healing. In contrast, late-phase, pro-resolving wound macrophages are marked by IL-4Rα-mediated mitochondrial respiration and mitohormesis. Collectively, we identify changes in mitochondrial metabolism as a critical control mechanism for macrophage effector functions during wound healing.
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124
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Risch F, Ritter M, Hoerauf A, Hübner MP. Human filariasis-contributions of the Litomosoides sigmodontis and Acanthocheilonema viteae animal model. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:4125-4143. [PMID: 33547508 PMCID: PMC8599372 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-07026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Filariae are vector-borne parasitic nematodes that are endemic worldwide, in tropical and subtropical regions. Important human filariae spp. include Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia spp., and Loa loa and Mansonella spp. causing onchocerciasis (river blindness), lymphatic filariasis (lymphedema and hydrocele), loiasis (eye worm), and mansonelliasis, respectively. It is estimated that over 1 billion individuals live in endemic regions where filarial diseases are a public health concern contributing to significant disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Thus, efforts to control and eliminate filarial diseases were already launched by the WHO in the 1970s, especially against lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, and are mainly based on mass drug administration (MDA) of microfilaricidal drugs (ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, albendazole) to filarial endemic areas accompanied with vector control strategies with the goal to reduce the transmission. With the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it was decided to eliminate transmission of onchocerciasis and stop lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem by 2030. It was also requested that novel drugs and treatment strategies be developed. Mouse models provide an important platform for anti-filarial drug research in a preclinical setting. This review presents an overview about the Litomosoides sigmodontis and Acanthocheilonema viteae filarial mouse models and their role in immunological research as well as preclinical studies about novel anti-filarial drugs and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Risch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc P Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany.
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125
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IL-33: A central cytokine in helminth infections. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101532. [PMID: 34823996 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-33 is an alarmin cytokine which has been implicated in allergy, fibrosis, inflammation, tumorigenesis, metabolism, and homeostasis. However, amongst its strongest roles are in helminth infections, where IL-33 usually (but not always) is central to induction of an effective anti-parasitic immune response. In this review, we will summarise the literature around this fascinating cytokine, its activity on immune and non-immune cells, the unique (and sometimes counterintuitive) responses it induces, and how it can coordinate the immune response during infections by parasitic helminths. Finally, we will summarise some of the ways that parasites have developed to modulate the IL-33 pathway for their own benefit.
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126
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He F, Umrath F, von Ohle C, Reinert S, Alexander D. Analysis of the Influence of Jaw Periosteal Cells on Macrophages Phenotype Using an Innovative Horizontal Coculture System. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121753. [PMID: 34944569 PMCID: PMC8698728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Jaw periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (JPCs) represent a promising cell source for bone tissue engineering in oral and maxillofacial surgery due to their high osteogenic potential and good accessibility. Our previous work demonstrated that JPCs are able to regulate THP-1-derived macrophage polarization in a direct coculture model. In the present study, we used an innovative horizontal coculture system in order to understand the underlying paracrine effects of JPCs on macrophage phenotype polarization. Therefore, JPCs and THP-1-derived M1/M2 macrophages were cocultured in parallel chambers under the same conditions. After five days of horizontal coculture, flow cytometric, gene and protein expression analyses revealed inhibitory effects on costimulatory and proinflammatory molecules/factors as well as activating effects on anti-inflammatory factors in M1 macrophages, originating from multiple cytokines/chemokines released by untreated and osteogenically induced JPCs. A flow cytometric assessment of DNA synthesis reflected significantly decreased numbers of proliferating M1/M2 cells when cocultured with JPCs. In this study, we demonstrated that untreated and osteogenically induced JPCs are able to switch macrophage polarization from a classical M1 to an alternative M2-specific phenotype by paracrine secretion, and by inhibition of THP-1-derived M1/M2 macrophage proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.H.); (F.U.); (S.R.)
| | - Felix Umrath
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.H.); (F.U.); (S.R.)
| | - Christiane von Ohle
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Siegmar Reinert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.H.); (F.U.); (S.R.)
| | - Dorothea Alexander
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.H.); (F.U.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7071-298-2418
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127
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Lechner A, Bohnacker S, Esser-von Bieren J. Macrophage regulation & function in helminth infection. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101526. [PMID: 34802871 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells with essential roles in host defense, inflammation, immune regulation and repair. During infection with multicellular helminth parasites, macrophages contribute to pathogen trapping and killing as well as to tissue repair and the resolution of type 2 inflammation. Macrophages produce a broad repertoire of effector molecules, including enzymes, cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that govern anti-helminth immunity and repair of parasite-induced tissue damage. Helminth infection and the associated type 2 immune response induces an alternatively activated macrophage (AAM) phenotype that - beyond driving host defense - prevents aberrant Th2 cell activation and type 2 immunopathology. The immune regulatory potential of macrophages is exploited by helminth parasites that induce the production of anti-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin 10 or prostaglandin E2 to evade host immunity. Here, we summarize current insights into the mechanisms of macrophage-mediated host defense and repair during helminth infection and highlight recent progress on the immune regulatory crosstalk between macrophages and helminth parasites. We also point out important remaining questions such as the translation of findings from murine models to human settings of helminth infection as well as long-term consequences of helminth-induced macrophage reprogramming for subsequent host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonie Lechner
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Sina Bohnacker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Esser-von Bieren
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany.
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128
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Ackermann J, Arndt L, Kirstein M, Hobusch C, Brinker G, Klöting N, Braune J, Gericke M. Myeloid Cell-Specific IL-4 Receptor Knockout Partially Protects from Adipose Tissue Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:3081-3089. [PMID: 34789558 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-4 receptor signaling is supposed to play a major role in anti-inflammatory polarization and proliferation of adipose tissue macrophages. In this study, we examined the metabolic and inflammatory phenotype of C57BL/6J mice (IIl4ra) with LysM-dependent knockout (IIl4ra Δmyel) of the IL-4 receptor α-chain (IL-4Rα), the mandatory signaling component of IL-4 and IL-13, on chow and high-fat diet. Lean IIl4ra Δmyel mice showed decreased insulin sensitivity, no divergent adipose tissue macrophage polarization, but an increased percentage of CD8+ T cells in visceral adipose tissue. After 20 wk of a high-fat diet, IIl4ra Δmyel mice exhibited higher glucose tolerance, no changes in the lymphocyte compartment and fewer M1 macrophages in visceral adipose tissue. In vivo adipose tissue macrophage proliferation measured by BrdU incorporation was unaffected by Il4ra knockout. Interestingly, we show that IL-4Rα signaling directly augmented Itgax (Cd11c) gene expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages and increased the amount of CD11c+ macrophages in adipose tissue explants. Myeloid cell-specific knockout of Il4ra deteriorated insulin sensitivity in lean mice but improved parameters of glucose homeostasis and partially protected from adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice. Hence, IL-4Rα signaling probably plays a minor role in maintaining the macrophage M2 population and proliferation rates in vivo. Moreover, our data indicate that IL-4 signaling plays a proinflammatory role in adipose tissue inflammation by directly upregulating CD11c on adipose tissue macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ackermann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lilli Arndt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michaela Kirstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Georg Brinker
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig; and.,Medical Department III, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Braune
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; .,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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129
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Manigat LC, Granade ME, Taori S, Miller CA, Vass LR, Zhong XP, Harris TE, Purow BW. Loss of Diacylglycerol Kinase α Enhances Macrophage Responsiveness. Front Immunol 2021; 12:722469. [PMID: 34804012 PMCID: PMC8603347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.722469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are a family of enzymes responsible for the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA). In addition to their primary function in lipid metabolism, DGKs have recently been identified as potential therapeutic targets in multiple cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM) and melanoma. Aside from its tumorigenic properties, DGKα is also a known promoter of T-cell anergy, supporting a role as a recently-recognized T cell checkpoint. In fact, the only significant phenotype previously observed in Dgka knockout (KO) mice is the enhancement of T-cell activity. Herein we reveal a novel, macrophage-specific, immune-regulatory function of DGKα. In bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) cultured from wild-type (WT) and KO mice, we observed increased responsiveness of KO macrophages to diverse stimuli that yield different phenotypes, including LPS, IL-4, and the chemoattractant MCP-1. Knockdown (KD) of Dgka in a murine macrophage cell line resulted in similar increased responsiveness. Demonstrating in vivo relevance, we observed significantly smaller wounds in Dgka-/- mice with full-thickness cutaneous burns, a complex wound healing process in which macrophages play a key role. The burned area also demonstrated increased numbers of macrophages. In a cortical stab wound model, Dgka-/- brains show increased Iba1+ cell numbers at the needle track versus that in WT brains. Taken together, these findings identify a novel immune-regulatory checkpoint function of DGKα in macrophages with potential implications for wound healing, cancer therapy, and other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laryssa C. Manigat
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Mitchell E. Granade
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Suchet Taori
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Charlotte Anne Miller
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Luke R. Vass
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhong
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Thurl E. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Benjamin W. Purow
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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130
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Fan Q, Bai J, Shan H, Fei Z, Chen H, Xu J, Ma Q, Zhou X, Wang C. Implantable blood clot loaded with BMP-2 for regulation of osteoimmunology and enhancement of bone repair. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4014-4026. [PMID: 33997490 PMCID: PMC8085758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of large-area bone defects still faces many difficulties and challenges. Here, we developed a blood clot delivery platform loaded with BMP-2 protein (BMP-2@BC) for enhanced bone regeneration. Blood clot gel platform as natural biomaterials can be engineered from autologous blood. Once implanted into the large bone defect site, it can be used for BMP-2 local delivery, as well as modulating osteoimmunology by recruiting a great number of macrophages and regulating their polarization at different stages. Moreover, due to the deep-red color of blood clot gel, mild localized hyperthermia under laser irradiation further accelerated bone repair and regeneration. We find that the immune niche within the bone defect microenvironment can be modulated in a controllable manner by the blood clots implantation and laser treatment. We further demonstrate that the newly formed bone covered almost 95% of the skull defect area by our strategy in both mice and rat disease models. Due to the great biocompatibility, photothermal potential, and osteoimmunomodulation capacity, such technology shows great promise to be used in further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Jinyu Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Huajian Shan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Ziying Fei
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qingle Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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131
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Zhen L, Creason SA, Simonovsky FI, Snyder JM, Lindhartsen SL, Mecwan MM, Johnson BW, Himmelfarb J, Ratner BD. Precision-porous polyurethane elastomers engineered for application in pro-healing vascular grafts: Synthesis, fabrication and detailed biocompatibility assessment. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121174. [PMID: 34715636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Unmet needs for small diameter, non-biologic vascular grafts and the less-than-ideal performance of medium diameter grafts suggest opportunities for major improvements. Biomaterials that are mechanically matched to native blood vessels, reduce the foreign body capsule (FBC) and demonstrate improved integration and healing are expected to improve graft performance. In this study, we developed biostable, crosslinked polyurethane formulations and used them to fabricate scaffolds with precision-engineered 40 μm pores. We matched the scaffold mechanical properties with those of native blood vessels by optimizing the polyurethane compositions. We hypothesized that such scaffolds promote healing and mitigate the FBC. To test our hypothesis, polyurethanes with 40 μm pores, 100 μm pores, and non-porous slabs were implanted subcutaneously in mice for 3 weeks, and then were examined histologically. Our results show that 40 μm porous scaffolds elicit the highest level of angiogenesis, cellularization, and the least severe foreign body capsule (based on a refined assessment method). This study presents the first biomaterial with tuned mechanical properties and a precision engineered porous structure optimized for healing, thus can be ideal for pro-healing vascular grafts and in situ vascular engineering. In addition, these scaffolds may have wide applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and implantable device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sharon A Creason
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Felix I Simonovsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sarah L Lindhartsen
- Histology and Imaging Core, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Marvin M Mecwan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Brian W Johnson
- Histology and Imaging Core, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA; Center for Dialysis Innovation, University of Washington, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Buddy D Ratner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Center for Dialysis Innovation, University of Washington, WA, 98195, USA.
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The incidence of allergic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis has risen at an alarming rate over the last century. Thus, there is a clear need to understand the critical factors that drive such pathologic immune responses. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is a nuclear receptor that has emerged as an important regulator of multiple cell types involved in the inflammatory response to allergens; from airway epithelial cells to T Helper (TH) cells. Recent Findings Initial studies suggested that agonists of PPAR-γ could be employed to temper allergic inflammation, suppressing pro-inflammatory gene expression programs in epithelial cells. Several lines of work now suggest that PPAR-γ plays an essential in promoting ‘type 2’ immune responses that are typically associated with allergic disease. PPAR-γ has been found to promote the functions of TH2 cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, M2 macrophages and dendritic cells, regulating lipid metabolism and directly inducing effector gene expression. Moreover, preclinical models of allergy in gene-targeted mice have increasingly implicated PPAR-γ in driving allergic inflammation. Summary Herein, we highlight the contrasting roles of PPAR-γ in allergic inflammation and hypothesize that the availability of environmental ligands for PPAR-γ may be at the heart of the rise in allergic diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Stark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M Coquet
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christopher A Tibbitt
- Centre for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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O'Brien EM, Spiller KL. Pro-inflammatory polarization primes Macrophages to transition into a distinct M2-like phenotype in response to IL-4. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:989-1000. [PMID: 34643290 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0520-338r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue repair is largely regulated by diverse Mϕ populations whose functions are timing- and context-dependent. The early phase of healing is dominated by pro-inflammatory Mϕs, also known as M1, followed by the emergence of a distinct and diverse population that is collectively referred to as M2. The extent of the diversity of the M2 population is unknown. M2 Mϕs may originate directly from circulating monocytes or from phenotypic switching of pre-existing M1 Mϕs within the site of injury. The differences between these groups are poorly understood, but have major implications for understanding and treating pathologies characterized by deficient M2 activation, such as chronic wounds, which also exhibit diminished M1 Mϕ behavior. This study investigated the influence of prior M1 activation on human Mϕ polarization to an M2 phenotype in response to IL-4 treatment in vitro. Compared to unactivated (M0) Mϕs, M1 Mϕs up-regulated several receptors that promote the M2 phenotype, including the primary receptor for IL-4. M1 Mϕs also up-regulated M2 markers in response to lower doses of IL-4, including doses as low as 10 pg/mL, and accelerated STAT6 phosphorylation. However, M1 activation appeared to also change the Mϕ response to treatment with IL-4, generating an M2-like phenotype with a distinct gene and protein expression signature compared to M2 Mϕs prepared directly from M0 Mϕs. Functionally, compared to M0-derived M2 Mϕs, M1-derived M2 Mϕs demonstrated increased migratory response to SDF-1α, and conditioned media from these Mϕs promoted increased migration of endothelial cells in transwell assays, although other common Mϕ-associated functions such as phagocytosis were not affected by prior polarization state. In summary, M1 polarization appears to prime Mϕs to transition into a distinct M2 phenotype in response to IL4, which leads to increased expression of some genes and proteins and decreased expression of others, as well as functional differences. Together, these findings indicate the importance of prior M1 activation in regulating subsequent M2 behavior, and suggest that correcting M1 behavior may be a therapeutic target in dysfunctional M2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M O'Brien
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kara L Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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134
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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135
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Yang Y, Nagai S, Kang S, Xia Y, Kawano Y, Miyake K, Karasuyama H, Azuma M. Tolerogenic properties of CD206+ macrophages appeared in the sublingual mucosa after repeated antigen-painting. Int Immunol 2021; 32:509-518. [PMID: 32128565 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sublingual mucosa (SLM) in the oral cavity is utilized as the site for sublingual immunotherapy to induce tolerance against allergens. We previously reported that CD206+ round-type macrophage-like cells were induced in the SLM after repeated antigen (e.g. cedar pollen or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC))-painting. In this study, we examined the phenotypic and functional properties of CD206+ cells induced by repeated FITC-painting on the SLM. CD206+ cells after the repeated FITC-painting possessed a macrophage-like CD11b+Ly6C+ F4/80+CD64+ phenotype and expressed TIM-4, which was expressed in tolerogenic tissue-resident macrophages, at a high level. SLM CD206+ cells preferentially expressed molecules related to endocytosis and homeostatic processes, including the novel B7 family of immune checkpoint molecules, as assessed by microarray analyses. SLM CD206+ cells showed preferential expression of M2-related genes such as Fizz1, Aldh1a1 and Aldh1a2 but not Ym-1 and Arginase-1. A CD206+ cell-rich status inhibited OVA-specific CD4+ T-cell responses but reciprocally enhanced the proportion of both IL-10+CD4+ cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells in regional lymph nodes. Co-culture of CD206+ cells with dendritic cells (DCs) showed that IL-12 production was suppressed in DCs concurrent with the decline of the MHC class IIhiCD86+ population, which was restored by neutralization of IL-10. These results demonstrate SLM CD206+ cells show the feature of tolerogenic macrophages and down-regulate the antigen-presenting cell function of mature DCs resulting in the inhibition of CD4+ T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenori Nagai
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Siwen Kang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yulong Xia
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawano
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Karasuyama
- Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Azuma
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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136
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Batty MJ, Chabrier G, Sheridan A, Gage MC. Metabolic Hormones Modulate Macrophage Inflammatory Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184661. [PMID: 34572888 PMCID: PMC8467249 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Macrophages are a type of immune cell which play an important role in the development of cancer. Obesity increases the risk of cancer and obesity also causes disruption to the normal levels of hormones that are produced to coordinate metabolism. Recent research now shows that these metabolic hormones also play important roles in macrophage immune responses and so through macrophages, disrupted metabolic hormone levels may promote cancer. This review article aims to highlight and summarise these recent findings so that the scientific community may better understand how important this new area of research is, and how these findings can be capitalised on for future scientific studies. Abstract Macrophages are phagocytotic leukocytes that play an important role in the innate immune response and have established roles in metabolic diseases and cancer progression. Increased adiposity in obese individuals leads to dysregulation of many hormones including those whose functions are to coordinate metabolism. Recent evidence suggests additional roles of these metabolic hormones in modulating macrophage inflammatory responses. In this review, we highlight key metabolic hormones and summarise their influence on the inflammatory response of macrophages and consider how, in turn, these hormones may influence the development of different cancer types through the modulation of macrophage functions.
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137
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Metabolic orchestration of the wound healing response. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1726-1743. [PMID: 34384520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing requires cooperation between different cell types, among which macrophages play a central role. In particular, inflammatory macrophages are engaged in the initial response to wounding, and alternatively activated macrophages are essential for wound closure and the resolution of tissue repair. The links between temporal activation-induced changes in the metabolism of such macrophages and the influence this has on their functional states, along with the realization that metabolites play both intrinsic and extrinsic roles in the cells that produce them, has focused attention on the metabolism of wound healing. Here, we discuss macrophage metabolism during distinct stages of normal healing and its related pathologic processes, such as during cancer and fibrosis. Further, we frame these insights in a broader context of the current understanding of macrophage metabolic reprogramming linked to cellular activation and function. Finally, we discuss parallels between the metabolism of macrophages and fibroblasts, the latter being a key stromal cell type in wound healing, and consider the importance of the metabolic interplay between different cell types in the wound microenvironment.
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138
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Bringué J, Guillamat-Prats R, Martinez ML, Torrents E, Camprubí-Rimblas M, Blanch L, Artigas A. Methotrexate Ameliorates Systemic Inflammation and Septic Associated-Lung Damage in a Cecal Ligation and Puncture Septic Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179612. [PMID: 34502521 PMCID: PMC8431751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sepsis is a serious, heterogeneous clinical entity produced by a severe and systemic host inflammatory response to infection. Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate-antagonist that induces the generation of adenosine and also inhibits JAK/STAT pathway; MTX it is widely used as an anti-inflammatory drug to control the immune system. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the beneficial effects of a single and low dose of MTX in the systemic response and acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis. As in the clinics, we treated our animals with antibiotics and fluids and performed the source control to mimic the current clinic treatment. Methods and main results: Sepsis was induced in rats by a cecal ligation puncture (CLP) procedure. Six hours after induction of sepsis, we proceeded to the source control; fluids and antibiotics were administered at 6 h and 24 h after CLP. MTX (2.5 mg/Kg) was administered 6 h after the first surgery in one CLP experimental group and to one Sham group. A protective effect of MTX was observed through a significant reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a decrease infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung. In addition, we found a regulation in adenosine receptor A2aR and the metalloproteinases by MTX. Conclusion: A single, low dose of MTX attenuates sepsis lung-associated damage by decreasing pro-inflammatory response, infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells and avoiding defective tissue lung remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Bringué
- Institut d’ Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08201 Sabadell, Spain; (J.B.); (M.C.-R.); (L.B.); (A.A.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08201 Sabadell, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Raquel Guillamat-Prats
- Institut d’ Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08201 Sabadell, Spain; (J.B.); (M.C.-R.); (L.B.); (A.A.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08201 Sabadell, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9-3723-1010
| | - Maria Luisa Martinez
- Critical Care Center—Hospital Universitario General de Catalunya, 08190 Sant Cugat del Valles, Spain;
| | - Eva Torrents
- Critical Care Center—Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí, 08201 Sabadell, Spain;
| | - Marta Camprubí-Rimblas
- Institut d’ Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08201 Sabadell, Spain; (J.B.); (M.C.-R.); (L.B.); (A.A.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08201 Sabadell, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lluís Blanch
- Institut d’ Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08201 Sabadell, Spain; (J.B.); (M.C.-R.); (L.B.); (A.A.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08201 Sabadell, Spain
- Critical Care Center—Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí, 08201 Sabadell, Spain;
| | - Antonio Artigas
- Institut d’ Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08201 Sabadell, Spain; (J.B.); (M.C.-R.); (L.B.); (A.A.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08201 Sabadell, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Critical Care Center—Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí, 08201 Sabadell, Spain;
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139
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Bidault G, Virtue S, Petkevicius K, Jolin HE, Dugourd A, Guénantin AC, Leggat J, Mahler-Araujo B, Lam BYH, Ma MK, Dale M, Carobbio S, Kaser A, Fallon PG, Saez-Rodriguez J, McKenzie ANJ, Vidal-Puig A. SREBP1-induced fatty acid synthesis depletes macrophages antioxidant defences to promote their alternative activation. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1150-1162. [PMID: 34531575 PMCID: PMC7611716 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages exhibit a spectrum of activation states ranging from classical to alternative activation1. Alternatively, activated macrophages are involved in diverse pathophysiological processes such as confining tissue parasites2, improving insulin sensitivity3 or promoting an immune-tolerant microenvironment that facilitates tumour growth and metastasis4. Recently, the metabolic regulation of macrophage function has come into focus as both the classical and alternative activation programmes require specific regulated metabolic reprogramming5. While most of the studies regarding immunometabolism have focussed on the catabolic pathways activated to provide energy, little is known about the anabolic pathways mediating macrophage alternative activation. In this study, we show that the anabolic transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) is activated in response to the canonical T helper 2 cell cytokine interleukin-4 to trigger the de novo lipogenesis (DNL) programme, as a necessary step for macrophage alternative activation. Mechanistically, DNL consumes NADPH, partitioning it away from cellular antioxidant defences and raising reactive oxygen species levels. Reactive oxygen species serves as a second messenger, signalling sufficient DNL, and promoting macrophage alternative activation. The pathophysiological relevance of this mechanism is validated by showing that SREBP1/DNL is essential for macrophage alternative activation in vivo in a helminth infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bidault
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Samuel Virtue
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kasparas Petkevicius
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen E Jolin
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aurélien Dugourd
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne-Claire Guénantin
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Leggat
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Betania Mahler-Araujo
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcella K Ma
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Dale
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Padraic G Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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140
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Ait Ahmed Y, Fu Y, Rodrigues RM, He Y, Guan Y, Guillot A, Ren R, Feng D, Hidalgo J, Ju C, Lafdil F, Gao B. Kupffer cell restoration after partial hepatectomy is mainly driven by local cell proliferation in IL-6-dependent autocrine and paracrine manners. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2165-2176. [PMID: 34282300 PMCID: PMC8429713 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs), which are liver-resident macrophages, originate from the fetal yolk sac and represent one of the largest macrophage populations in the body. However, the current data on the origin of the cells that restore macrophages during liver injury and regeneration remain controversial. Here, we address the question of whether liver macrophage restoration results from circulating monocyte infiltration or local KC proliferation in regenerating livers after partial hepatectomy (PHx) and uncover the underlying mechanisms. By using several strains of genetically modified mice and performing immunohistochemical analyses, we demonstrated that local KC proliferation mainly contributed to the restoration of liver macrophages after PHx. Peak KC proliferation was impaired in Il6-knockout (KO) mice and restored after the administration of IL-6 protein, whereas KC proliferation was not affected in Il4-KO or Csf2-KO mice. The source of IL-6 was identified using hepatocyte- and myeloid-specific Il6-KO mice and the results revealed that both hepatocytes and myeloid cells contribute to IL-6 production after PHx. Moreover, peak KC proliferation was also impaired in myeloid-specific Il6 receptor-KO mice after PHx, suggesting that IL-6 signaling directly promotes KC proliferation. Studies using several inhibitors to block the IL-6 signaling pathway revealed that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) contributed to IL-6-mediated KC proliferation in vitro. Genetic deletion of the Sirt1 gene in myeloid cells, including KCs, impaired KC proliferation after PHx. In conclusion, our data suggest that KC repopulation after PHx is mainly driven by local KC proliferation, which is dependent on IL-6 and SIRT1 activation in KCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Yaojie Fu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robim M Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruixue Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Hidalgo
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France.
- INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Andreas N, Müller S, Templin N, Jordan PM, Schuhwerk H, Müller M, Gerstmeier J, Miek L, Andreas S, Werz O, Kamradt T. Incidence and severity of G6PI-induced arthritis are not increased in genetically distinct mouse strains upon aging. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:222. [PMID: 34429153 PMCID: PMC8383389 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis is correlated with age. In this study, we analyzed the association of the incidence and severity of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI)-induced arthritis with age in two different mouse strains. Methods Young and very old mice from two different arthritis-susceptible wild-type mouse strains were analyzed after a single subcutaneous injection of G6PI s.c. The metabolism and the function of synoviocytes were analyzed in vitro, the production of bioactive lipid mediators by myeloid cells and synoviocytes was assessed in vitro and ex vivo by UPLC-MS-MS, and flow cytometry was used to verify age-related changes of immune cell composition and function. Results While the severity of arthritis was independent from age, the onset was delayed in old mice. Old mice showed common signs of immune aging like thymic atrophy associated with decreased CD4+ effector T cell numbers. Despite its decrease, the effector T helper (Th) cell compartment in old mice was reactive and functionally intact, and their Tregs exhibited unaltered suppressive capacities. In homeostasis, macrophages and synoviocytes from old mice produced higher amounts of pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived products. However, this functional difference did not remain upon challenge in vitro nor upon arthritis reactions ex vivo. Conclusion While old mice show a higher baseline of inflammatory functions, this does not result in increased reaction towards self-antigens in arthritis-susceptible mouse strains. Together, our data from two different mouse strains show that the susceptibility for G6PI-induced arthritis is not age-dependent. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02596-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Andreas
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Sylvia Müller
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Templin
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Paul M Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Harald Schuhwerk
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Laura Miek
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Saskia Andreas
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Kamradt
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Abstract
Macrophages are essential components of the immune system and play a role in the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. Depending on their origin and phenotype, cardiac macrophages perform various functions. In a steady-state, these cells play a beneficial role in maintaining cardiac homeostasis by defending the body from pathogens and eliminating apoptotic cells, participating in electrical conduction, vessel patrolling, and arterial tone regulation. However, macrophages also take part in adverse cardiac remodeling that could lead to the development and progression of heart failure (HF) in such HF comorbidities as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, studies on detailed mechanisms of cardiac macrophage function are still in progress, and could enable potential therapeutic applications of these cells. This review aims to present the latest reports on the origin, heterogeneity, and functions of cardiac macrophages in the healthy heart and in cardiovascular diseases leading to HF. The potential therapeutic use of macrophages is also briefly discussed.
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143
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Moretti S, Virtuoso S, Sernicola L, Farcomeni S, Maggiorella MT, Borsetti A. Advances in SIV/SHIV Non-Human Primate Models of NeuroAIDS. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081018. [PMID: 34451482 PMCID: PMC8398602 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are the most relevant model of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and neuroAIDS, being of great importance in explaining the pathogenesis of HIV-induced nervous system damage. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)/ Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV)-infected monkeys have provided evidence of complex interactions between the virus and host that include host immune response, viral genetic diversity, and genetic susceptibility, which may explain virus-associated central nervous system (CNS) pathology and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). In this article, we review the recent progress contributions obtained using monkey models of HIV infection of the CNS, neuropathogenesis and SIV encephalitis (SIVE), with an emphasis on pharmacologic therapies and dependable markers that predict development of CNS AIDS.
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144
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Forman R, Logunova L, Smith H, Wemyss K, Mair I, Boon L, Allen JE, Muller W, Pennock JL, Else KJ. Trichuris muris infection drives cell-intrinsic IL4R alpha independent colonic RELMα+ macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009768. [PMID: 34329367 PMCID: PMC8357096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal nematode parasite Trichuris muris dwells in the caecum and proximal colon driving an acute resolving intestinal inflammation dominated by the presence of macrophages. Notably, these macrophages are characterised by their expression of RELMα during the resolution phase of the infection. The RELMα+ macrophage phenotype associates with the presence of alternatively activated macrophages and work in other model systems has demonstrated that the balance of classically and alternatively activated macrophages is critically important in enabling the resolution of inflammation. Moreover, in the context of type 2 immunity, RELMα+ alternatively activated macrophages are associated with the activation of macrophages via the IL4Rα. Despite a breadth of inflammatory pathologies associated with the large intestine, including those that accompany parasitic infection, it is not known how colonic macrophages are activated towards an alternatively activated phenotype. Here, we address this important knowledge gap by using Trichuris muris infection, in combination with transgenic mice (IL4Rαfl/fl.CX3CR1Cre) and IL4Rα-deficient/wild-type mixed bone marrow chimaeras. We make the unexpected finding that education of colonic macrophages towards a RELMα+, alternatively activated macrophage phenotype during T. muris infection does not require IL4Rα expression on macrophages. Further, this independence is maintained even when the mice are treated with an anti-IFNγ antibody during infection to create a strongly polarised Th2 environment. In contrast to RELMα, PD-L2 expression on macrophages post infection was dependent on IL4Rα signalling in the macrophages. These novel data sets are important, revealing a surprising cell-intrinsic IL4R alpha independence of the colonic RELMα+ alternatively activated macrophage during Trichuris muris infection. Infection of mice with Trichuris muris, a whipworm parasite results in inflammation of the large intestine. Inflammation is temporary; once the parasite has been cleared, damage to the intestinal tissue heals. During inflammation white blood cells move in to the gut tissue. These cells are dominated by a cell type called the macrophage. Macrophages which accumulate in the intestine post-infection express a protein called RELMα. These RELMα-expressing macrophages are thought to help resolve inflammation and have traditionally been associated with IL-4 and IL-13-driven activation. We set out to determine whether the macrophages which emerge during T. muris infection need to respond to IL-4 and/or IL-13 in order to express RELMα. We did this by creating a transgenic mouse where the common IL4Rα chain of the IL-4 and IL-13 receptor was absent from macrophages. To our surprise, macrophages were able to express RELMα regardless of whether the macrophage could or could not respond to IL-14/IL-13. This new knowledge is important as in some inflammatory conditions, treatments seeking to encourage alternatively activated macrophages have been proposed. Such treatments require an understanding of both the important and the redundant signals as well as recognition that activating signals may be disparate in different tissue environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Forman
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (RF); (KJE)
| | - Larisa Logunova
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Smith
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Wemyss
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Iris Mair
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Boon
- Polpharma Biologics, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith E. Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Werner Muller
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L. Pennock
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn J. Else
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (RF); (KJE)
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145
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Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Alrumaihi F, Almatroodi SA, Alkurbi MO, Basfar GT, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Novel Approaches of Dysregulating Lysosome Functions in Cancer Cells by Specific Drugs and Its Nanoformulations: A Smart Approach of Modern Therapeutics. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5065-5098. [PMID: 34345172 PMCID: PMC8324981 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s321343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The smart strategy of cancer cells to bypass the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway has led to the discovery of novel anti-cancer approaches including the targeting of lysosomes. Recent discoveries observed that lysosomes perform far beyond just recycling of cellular waste, as these organelles are metabolically very active and mediate several signalling pathways to sense the cellular metabolic status. These organelles also play a significant role in mediating the immune system functions. Thus, direct or indirect lysosome-targeting with different drugs can be considered a novel therapeutic approach in different disease including cancer. Recently, some anticancer lysosomotropic drugs (eg, nortriptyline, siramesine, desipramine) and their nanoformulations have been engineered to specifically accumulate within these organelles. These drugs can enhance lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) or disrupt the activity of resident enzymes and protein complexes, like v-ATPase and mTORC1. Other anticancer drugs like doxorubicin, quinacrine, chloroquine and DQ661 have also been used which act through multi-target points. In addition, autophagy inhibitors, ferroptosis inducers and fluorescent probes have also been used as novel theranostic agents. Several lysosome-specific drug nanoformulations like mixed charge and peptide conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), Au-ZnO hybrid NPs, TPP-PEG-biotin NPs, octadecyl-rhodamine-B and cationic liposomes, etc. have been synthesized by diverse methods. These nanoformulations can target cathepsins, glucose-regulated protein 78, or other lysosome specific proteins in different cancers. The specific targeting of cancer cell lysosomes with drug nanoformulations is quite recent and faces tremendous challenges like toxicity concerns to normal tissues, which may be resolved in future research. The anticancer applications of these nanoformulations have led them up to various stages of clinical trials. Here in this review article, we present the recent updates about the lysosome ultrastructure, its cross-talk with other organelles, and the novel strategies of targeting this organelle in tumor cells as a recent innovative approach of cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad O Alkurbi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaiyda Talal Basfar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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146
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Role of Tim4 in the regulation of ABCA1 + adipose tissue macrophages and post-prandial cholesterol levels. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4434. [PMID: 34290249 PMCID: PMC8295389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a main driver of cardiovascular diseases. The ability of macrophages to scavenge excess lipids implicate them as mediators in this process and understanding the mechanisms underlying macrophage lipid metabolism is key to the development of new treatments. Here, we investigated how adipose tissue macrophages regulate post-prandial cholesterol transport. Single-cell RNA sequencing and protected bone marrow chimeras demonstrated that ingestion of lipids led to specific transcriptional activation of a population of resident macrophages expressing Lyve1, Tim4, and ABCA1. Blocking the phosphatidylserine receptor Tim4 inhibited lysosomal activation and the release of post-prandial high density lipoprotein cholesterol following a high fat meal. Both effects were recapitulated by chloroquine, an inhibitor of lysosomal function. Moreover, clodronate-mediated cell-depletion implicated Tim4+ resident adipose tissue macrophages in this process. Thus, these data indicate that Tim4 is a key regulator of post-prandial cholesterol transport and adipose tissue macrophage function and may represent a novel pathway to treat dyslipidemia. Diverse macrophage subsets are found in adipose tissue where they regulate its physiology. Here, the authors used single-cell RNA sequencing to analyse the effect of post-prandial lipids on adipose tissue macrophages and identify Tim4 as a regulator of ABCA1+ macrophage function and post-prandial cholesterol transport.
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147
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Deb A, Deshmukh B, Ramteke P, Bhati FK, Bhat MK. Resistin: A journey from metabolism to cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101178. [PMID: 34293684 PMCID: PMC8319804 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistin levels have been associated with several pathological disorders such as metabolic disorders, cancers etc. Resistin exists in three isoforms namely RELM-α, β and γ. High resistin level activates inflammatory pathways, promotes metabolic disorders and is associated with carcinogenesis. Increase in the resistin level impairs the therapeutic response by inducing stemness or resistance, in cancer cells. Conventional drugs which alter resistin level could have therapeutic implications in several pathological disorders.
Resistin, a small secretory molecule, has been implicated to play an important role in the development of insulin resistance under obese condition. For the past few decades, it has been linked to various cellular and metabolic functions. It has been associated with diseases like metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Numerous clinical studies have indicated an increased serum resistin level in pathological disorders which have been reported to increase mortality rate in comparison to low resistin expressing subjects. Various molecular studies suggest resistin plays a pivotal role in proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, inflammation as well as in regulating metabolism in cancer cells. Therefore, understanding the role of resistin and elucidating its’ associated molecular mechanism will give a better insight into the management of these disorders. In this article, we summarize the diverse roles of resistin in pathological disorders based on the available literature, clinicopathological data, and a compiled study from various databases. The article mainly provides comprehensive information of its role as a target in different treatment modalities in pre as well as post-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Deb
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Bhavana Deshmukh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Pranay Ramteke
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Firoz Khan Bhati
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Bhat
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
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148
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Li J, Kim SY, Lainez NM, Coss D, Nair MG. Macrophage-Regulatory T Cell Interactions Promote Type 2 Immune Homeostasis Through Resistin-Like Molecule α. Front Immunol 2021; 12:710406. [PMID: 34349768 PMCID: PMC8327085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.710406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RELMα is a small, secreted protein expressed by type 2 cytokine-activated “M2” macrophages in helminth infection and allergy. At steady state and in response to type 2 cytokines, RELMα is highly expressed by peritoneal macrophages, however, its function in the serosal cavity is unclear. In this study, we generated RELMα TdTomato (Td) reporter/knockout (RαTd) mice and investigated RELMα function in IL-4 complex (IL-4c)-induced peritoneal inflammation. We first validated the RELMαTd/Td transgenic mice and showed that IL-4c injection led to the significant expansion of large peritoneal macrophages that expressed Td but not RELMα protein, while RELMα+/+ mice expressed RELMα and not Td. Functionally, RELMαTd/Td mice had increased IL-4 induced peritoneal macrophage responses and splenomegaly compared to RELMα+/+ mice. Gene expression analysis indicated that RELMαTd/Td peritoneal macrophages were more proliferative and activated than RELMα+/+ macrophages, with increased genes associated with T cell responses, growth factor and cytokine signaling, but decreased genes associated with differentiation and maintenance of myeloid cells. We tested the hypothesis that RαTd/Td macrophages drive aberrant T cell activation using peritoneal macrophage and T cell co-culture. There were no differences in CD4+ T cell effector responses when co-cultured with RELMα+/+ or RELMαTd/Td macrophages, however, RELMαTd/Td macrophages were impaired in their ability to sustain proliferation of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg). Supportive of the in vitro results, immunofluorescent staining of the spleens revealed significantly decreased FoxP3+ cells in the RELMαTd/Td spleens compared to RELMα+/+ spleens. Taken together, these studies identify a new RELMα regulatory pathway whereby RELMα-expressing macrophages directly sustain Treg proliferation to limit type 2 inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Nancy M Lainez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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149
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The Role of Macrophages in the Host's Defense against Sporothrix schenckii. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070905. [PMID: 34358055 PMCID: PMC8308788 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of immune cells associated with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii is not yet fully clarified. Macrophages through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of Sporothrix, engulf it, activate respiratory burst, and secrete pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory biological mediators to control infection. It is important to consider that the characteristics associated with S. schenckii and/or the host may influence macrophage polarization (M1/M2), cell recruitment, and the type of immune response (1, 2, and 17). Currently, with the use of new monocyte-macrophage cell lines, it is possible to evaluate different host-pathogen interaction processes, which allows for the proposal of new mechanisms in human sporotrichosis. Therefore, in order to contribute to the understanding of these host-pathogen interactions, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the immune responses induced by macrophage-S. schenckii interactions, as well as the PRRs and PAMPs involved during the recognition of S. schenckii that favor the immune evasion by the fungus.
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150
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Cantero-Navarro E, Rayego-Mateos S, Orejudo M, Tejedor-Santamaria L, Tejera-Muñoz A, Sanz AB, Marquez-Exposito L, Marchant V, Santos-Sanchez L, Egido J, Ortiz A, Bellon T, Rodrigues-Diez RR, Ruiz-Ortega M. Role of Macrophages and Related Cytokines in Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:688060. [PMID: 34307414 PMCID: PMC8295566 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.688060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key characteristic of kidney disease, but this immune response is two-faced. In the acute phase of kidney injury, there is an activation of the immune cells to fight against the insult, contributing to kidney repair and regeneration. However, in chronic kidney diseases (CKD), immune cells that infiltrate the kidney play a deleterious role, actively participating in disease progression, and contributing to nephron loss and fibrosis. Importantly, CKD is a chronic inflammatory disease. In early CKD stages, patients present sub-clinical inflammation, activation of immune circulating cells and therefore, anti-inflammatory strategies have been proposed as a common therapeutic target for renal diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the plasticity of immune cells and the complexity of their functions. Among immune cells, monocytes/macrophages play an important role in all steps of kidney injury. However, the phenotype characterization between human and mice immune cells showed different markers; therefore the extrapolation of experimental studies in mice could not reflect human renal diseases. Here we will review the current information about the characteristics of different macrophage phenotypes, mainly focused on macrophage-related cytokines, with special attention to the chemokine CCL18, and its murine functional homolog CCL8, and the macrophage marker CD163, and their role in kidney pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cantero-Navarro
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación IIS -Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Tejedor-Santamaria
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Sanz
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fundación IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Santos-Sanchez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación IIS -Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fundación IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Bellon
- La Paz Hospital Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl R Rodrigues-Diez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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