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Zhang SY, Zhang SW, Zhang T, Fan XN, Meng J. Recent advances in functional annotation and prediction of the epitranscriptome. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:3015-3026. [PMID: 34136099 PMCID: PMC8175281 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications, in particular N6-methyladenosine (m6A), participate in every stages of RNA metabolism and play diverse roles in essential biological processes and disease pathogenesis. Thanks to the advances in sequencing technology, tens of thousands of RNA modification sites can be identified in a typical high-throughput experiment; however, it remains a major challenge to decipher the functional relevance of these sites, such as, affecting alternative splicing, regulation circuit in essential biological processes or association to diseases. As the focus of RNA epigenetics gradually shifts from site discovery to functional studies, we review here recent progress in functional annotation and prediction of RNA modification sites from a bioinformatics perspective. The review covers naïve annotation with associated biological events, e.g., single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), RNA binding protein (RBP) and alternative splicing, prediction of key sites and their regulatory functions, inference of disease association, and mining the diagnosis and prognosis value of RNA modification regulators. We further discussed the limitations of existing approaches and some future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Information Fusion Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Shao-Wu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Information Fusion Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Information Fusion Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Information Fusion Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Decreased Expression of the Host Long-Noncoding RNA-GM Facilitates Viral Escape by Inhibiting the Kinase activity TBK1 via S-glutathionylation. Immunity 2021; 53:1168-1181.e7. [PMID: 33326766 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Viruses have evolved multiple strategies to evade elimination by the immune system. Here we examined the contribution of host long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in viral immune evasion. By functional screening of lncRNAs whose expression decreased upon viral infection of macrophages, we identified a lncRNA (lncRNA-GM, Gene Symbol: AK189470.1) that promoted type I interferon (IFN-I) production and inhibited viral replication. Deficiency of lncRNA-GM in mice increased susceptibility to viral infection and impaired IFN-I production. Mechanistically, lncRNA-GM bound to glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and blocked GSTM1 interaction with the kinase TBK1, reducing GSTM1-mediated S-glutathionylation of TBK1. Decreased S-glutathionylation enhanced TBK1 activity and downstream production of antiviral mediators. Viral infection reprogrammed intracellular glutathione metabolism and furthermore, an oxidized glutathione mimetic could inhibit TBK1 activity and promote viral replication. Our findings reveal regulation of TBK1 by S-glutathionylation and provide insight into the viral mediated metabolic changes that impact innate immunity and viral evasion.
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McFadden MJ, Horner SM. N 6-Methyladenosine Regulates Host Responses to Viral Infection. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:366-377. [PMID: 33309325 PMCID: PMC8052259 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent discoveries have revealed that, during viral infection, the presence of the RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) on viral and cellular RNAs has profound impacts on infection outcome. Although m6A directly regulates many viral RNA processes, its effects on cellular RNAs and pathways during infection have only recently begun to be elucidated. Disentangling the effects of m6A on viral and host RNAs remains a challenge for the field. m6A has been found to regulate host responses such as viral RNA sensing, cytokine responses, and immune cell functions. We highlight recent findings describing how m6A modulates host responses to viral infection and discuss future directions that will lead to a synergistic understanding of the processes by which m6A regulates viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McFadden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stacy M Horner
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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104
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Nemeria NS, Zhang X, Leandro J, Zhou J, Yang L, Houten SM, Jordan F. Toward an Understanding of the Structural and Mechanistic Aspects of Protein-Protein Interactions in 2-Oxoacid Dehydrogenase Complexes. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:407. [PMID: 33946784 PMCID: PMC8146983 DOI: 10.3390/life11050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc) is a key enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and represents one of the major regulators of mitochondrial metabolism through NADH and reactive oxygen species levels. The OGDHc impacts cell metabolic and cell signaling pathways through the coupling of 2-oxoglutarate metabolism to gene transcription related to tumor cell proliferation and aging. DHTKD1 is a gene encoding 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (E1a), which functions in the L-lysine degradation pathway. The potentially damaging variants in DHTKD1 have been associated to the (neuro) pathogenesis of several diseases. Evidence was obtained for the formation of a hybrid complex between the OGDHc and E1a, suggesting a potential cross talk between the two metabolic pathways and raising fundamental questions about their assembly. Here we reviewed the recent findings and advances in understanding of protein-protein interactions in OGDHc and 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase complex (OADHc), an understanding that will create a scaffold to help design approaches to mitigate the effects of diseases associated with dysfunction of the TCA cycle or lysine degradation. A combination of biochemical, biophysical and structural approaches such as chemical cross-linking MS and cryo-EM appears particularly promising to provide vital information for the assembly of 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes, their function and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Nemeria
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (J.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (J.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Joao Leandro
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.L.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (J.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Luying Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (J.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Sander M. Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.L.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (J.Z.); (L.Y.)
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105
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Xu J, Cai Y, Ma Z, Jiang B, Liu W, Cheng J, Guo N, Wang Z, Sealy JE, Song C, Wang X, Li Y. The RNA helicase DDX5 promotes viral infection via regulating N6-methyladenosine levels on the DHX58 and NFκB transcripts to dampen antiviral innate immunity. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009530. [PMID: 33909701 PMCID: PMC8081163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-functional DEAD-box helicase 5 (DDX5), which is important in transcriptional regulation, is hijacked by diverse viruses to facilitate viral replication. However, its regulatory effect in antiviral innate immunity remains unclear. We found that DDX5 interacts with the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) writer METTL3 to regulate methylation of mRNA through affecting the m6A writer METTL3–METTL14 heterodimer complex. Meanwhile, DDX5 promoted the m6A modification and nuclear export of transcripts DHX58, p65, and IKKγ by binding conserved UGCUGCAG element in innate response after viral infection. Stable IKKγ and p65 transcripts underwent YTHDF2-dependent mRNA decay, whereas DHX58 translation was promoted, resulting in inhibited antiviral innate response by DDX5 via blocking the p65 pathway and activating the DHX58-TBK1 pathway after infection with RNA virus. Furthermore, we found that DDX5 suppresses antiviral innate immunity in vivo. Our findings reveal that DDX5 serves as a negative regulator of innate immunity by promoting RNA methylation of antiviral transcripts and consequently facilitating viral propagation. DEAD-box helicase 5 (DDX5) greatly contributes to cancer development and facilitation of viral propagation. However, how DDX5 manipulates host cell processes to facilitate replication remains poorly understood. In this study, we found DDX5 is a negative antiviral regulator through manipulating N6-methyladenosine (m6A) of transcripts in innate immunity. Firstly, DDX5 recruited the RNA m6A “writer” METTL3 to control the m6A writer complex, then specifically promoted m6A modification and nuclear export of DDX5 binding transcripts by binding conserved UGCUGCAG element in innate immune response, ultimately, leading to RNA decay of antiviral transcripts in a YTHDF2-dependent manner. Consequently, DDX5 played vital roles in cellular RNA metabolisms to negatively regulate innate immune response to viral infection. It is the first time to unravel DDX5 as an important component that mediates modification of N6-methyladenosine of mRNA in regulating innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yunhong Cai
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - ZhenBang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiao Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Guo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zishu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Joshua E. Sealy
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Cuiping Song
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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106
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Zheng Z, Zhang L, Cui XL, Yu X, Hsu PJ, Lyu R, Tan H, Mandal M, Zhang M, Sun HL, Sanchez Castillo A, Peng J, Clark MR, He C, Huang H. Control of Early B Cell Development by the RNA N 6-Methyladenosine Methylation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107819. [PMID: 32610122 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is installed by the METTL3-METTL14 methyltransferase complex. This modification has critical regulatory roles in various biological processes. Here, we report that deletion of Mettl14 dramatically reduces mRNA m6A methylation in developing B cells and severely blocks B cell development in mice. Deletion of Mettl14 impairs interleukin-7 (IL-7)-induced pro-B cell proliferation and the large-pre-B-to-small-pre-B transition and causes dramatic abnormalities in gene expression programs important for B cell development. Suppression of a group of transcripts by cytoplasmic m6A reader YTHDF2 is critical to the IL-7-induced pro-B cell proliferation. In contrast, the block in the large-pre-B-to-small-pre-B transition is independent of YTHDF1 or YTHDF2 but is associated with a failure to properly upregulate key transcription factors regulating this transition. Our data highlight the important regulatory roles of the RNA m6A methylation and its reader proteins in early B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Linda Zhang
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiao-Long Cui
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xianbin Yu
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Phillip J Hsu
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ruitu Lyu
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Haiyan Tan
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Malay Mandal
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michelle Zhang
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hui-Lung Sun
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Arantxa Sanchez Castillo
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Marcus R Clark
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Haochu Huang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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107
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Chao Y, Li HB, Zhou J. Multiple Functions of RNA Methylation in T Cells: A Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:627455. [PMID: 33912158 PMCID: PMC8071866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.627455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA modification represents one of the most ubiquitous mechanisms of epigenetic regulation and plays an essential role in modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, fate determination, and other biological activities. At present, over 170 types of RNA modification have been discovered in messenger RNA (mRNA) and noncoding RNA (ncRNA). RNA methylation, as an abundant and widely studied epigenetic modification, is crucial for regulating various physiological or pathological states, especially immune responses. Considering the biological significance of T cells as a defense against viral infection and tumor challenge, in this review, we will summarize recent findings of how RNA methylation regulates T cell homeostasis and function, discuss the open questions in this rapidly expanding field of RNA modification, and provide the theoretical basis and potential therapeutic strategies involving targeting of RNA methylation to orchestrate beneficial T cell immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinong Chao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine - Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine - Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine - Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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108
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Tong J, Wang X, Liu Y, Ren X, Wang A, Chen Z, Yao J, Mao K, Liu T, Meng FL, Pan W, Zou Q, Liu J, Zhou Y, Xia Q, Flavell RA, Zhu S, Li HB. Pooled CRISPR screening identifies m 6A as a positive regulator of macrophage activation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/18/eabd4742. [PMID: 33910903 PMCID: PMC8081357 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
m6A RNA modification is implicated in multiple cellular responses. However, its function in the innate immune cells is poorly understood. Here, we identified major m6A "writers" as the top candidate genes regulating macrophage activation by LPS in an RNA binding protein focused CRISPR screening. We have confirmed that Mettl3-deficient macrophages exhibited reduced TNF-α production upon LPS stimulation in vitro. Consistently, Mettl3 flox/flox;Lyzm-Cre mice displayed increased susceptibility to bacterial infection and showed faster tumor growth. Mechanistically, the transcripts of the Irakm gene encoding a negative regulator of TLR4 signaling were highly decorated by m6A modification. METTL3 deficiency led to the loss of m6A modification on Irakm mRNA and slowed down its degradation, resulting in a higher level of IRAKM, which ultimately suppressed TLR signaling-mediated macrophage activation. Our findings demonstrate a previously unknown role for METTL3-mediated m6A modification in innate immune responses and implicate the m6A machinery as a potential cancer immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Tong
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Pediatrics and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yongbo Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xingxing Ren
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027 Hefei, China
| | - Anmin Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027 Hefei, China
| | - Zonggui Chen
- Institute for Advanced Studies, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiameng Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kaiqiong Mao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei-Long Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027 Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Studies, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8055, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8055, USA
| | - Shu Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027 Hefei, China.
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Liver Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
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Exosomal miR-4443 promotes cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung carcinoma by regulating FSP1 m6A modification-mediated ferroptosis. Life Sci 2021; 276:119399. [PMID: 33781830 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Exosomal transfer of miRNAs affects recipient cell proliferation and chemoresistance. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of exosomal miRNAs in controlling cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). MAIN METHODS Paired tumor and normal tissue-derived exosomes were collected from NSCLC patients with low or high responsiveness to cisplatin treatment. The results showed that the microRNA-4443 (miR-4443) level was upregulated in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC tumor tissue-derived exosomes compared with cisplatin-sensitive tissue-derived exosomes. Cisplatin-resistant cells (A549-R) were generated from the parental cells (A549-S). Resistant exosomes conferred cisplatin resistance by transferring miR-4443 to sensitive cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-4443 inhibited FSP1-mediated ferroptosis induced by cisplatin treatment in vitro and enhanced tumor growth in vivo. KEY FINDINGS Through bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assays, METTL3 was confirmed as a direct target gene of miR-4443. Further mechanistic analysis showed that miR-4443 regulated the expression of FSP1 in an m6A manner via METLL3. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide more in-depth insight into the chemoresistance of NSCLC and support the therapeutic potential of targeting ferroptosis.
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110
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Cai Z, Niu Y, Li H. RNA N6-methyladenosine modification, spermatogenesis, and human male infertility. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6179814. [PMID: 33749751 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is one of the main forms of posttranscriptional modification, and its dysregulation is involved in a series of pathological processes. RNA m6A regulators, which mediate dynamic RNA m6A modification, are expressed in almost all types of testicular cells, including spermatogenetic cells and somatic cells. Cumulative studies have found that knockout of RNA m6A regulators in the testis leads to abnormal metabolism of the target mRNAs, which eventually causes spermatogenetic disorders and infertility. To date, a role for dysregulated RNA m6A modification in human male infertility remains elusive; however, dysregulated expression of RNA m6A regulators in abnormal human semen samples, including oligospermia, asthenozoospermia and azoospermia, has been found. Therefore, we speculate that abnormal RNA m6A methylation may be an important mechanism of male infertility. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the spatiotemporal expression of RNA m6A regulators in the testes, mechanisms of RNA m6A modification in spermatogenesis and the relation between dysregulated RNA m6A regulators and human male infertility. In addition, we also discuss future directions in studying the molecular mechanism of male infertility and exploring their clinical applications from the viewpoint of RNA m6A modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Cai
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yamei Niu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Science, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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111
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Qin Y, Qiao Y, Li L, Luo E, Wang D, Yao Y, Tang C, Yan G. The m 6A methyltransferase METTL3 promotes hypoxic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Life Sci 2021; 274:119366. [PMID: 33741419 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal chemical RNA modification in mammal mRNAs. Accumulating evidence has shown the critical role of m6A in cardiovascular diseases including cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, vascular calcification, restenosis, and aortic aneurysm. However, whether m6A participates in the occurrence and development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) remains largely unknown. The present study aims to explore the role of key transferase METTL3, in the development of HPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and hypoxic rat models were used to research the METTL3-mediated m6A in HPH. EdU, transwell and TUNEL were performed to evaluate the proliferation, migration and apoptosis rates. m6A RNA Methylation Quantification Kit and m6A-qPCR were utilized to measure the total m6A level and m6A level of PTEN mRNA. RNA immunoprecipitation was used to detect the interaction between METTL3 and PTEN mRNA. KEY FINDINGS Both METTL3 mRNA and protein were found abnormally upregulated in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, downregulation of METTL3 attenuated PASMCs proliferation and migration. In addition, m6A binding protein YTHDF2 was found significantly increased in PASMCs under hypoxia. YTHDF2 recognized METTL3 mediated m6A modified PTEN mRNA and promoted the degradation of PTEN. Decreased PTEN led to over-proliferation of PASMCs through activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. SIGNIFICANCE METTL3/YTHDF2/PTEN axis exerts a significant role in hypoxia induced PASMCs proliferation, providing a novel therapeutic target for HPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Linqing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Erfei Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Gaoliang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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112
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Qiu W, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Lu Y, Wang X, Tian H, Yang Y, Gu Z, Gao Y, Yang X, Cui G, Sun B, Peng Y, Deng H, Peng H, Yang A, Yang YG, Yang P. N 6-methyladenosine RNA modification suppresses antiviral innate sensing pathways via reshaping double-stranded RNA. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1582. [PMID: 33707441 PMCID: PMC7952553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a virus-encoded signature capable of triggering intracellular Rig-like receptors (RLR) to activate antiviral signaling, but whether intercellular dsRNA structural reshaping mediated by the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification modulates this process remains largely unknown. Here, we show that, in response to infection by the RNA virus Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), the m6A methyltransferase METTL3 translocates into the cytoplasm to increase m6A modification on virus-derived transcripts and decrease viral dsRNA formation, thereby reducing virus-sensing efficacy by RLRs such as RIG-I and MDA5 and dampening antiviral immune signaling. Meanwhile, the genetic ablation of METTL3 in monocyte or hepatocyte causes enhanced type I IFN expression and accelerates VSV clearance. Our findings thus implicate METTL3-mediated m6A RNA modification on viral RNAs as a negative regulator for innate sensing pathways of dsRNA, and also hint METTL3 as a potential therapeutic target for the modulation of anti-viral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangxu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huabin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijuan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanshen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baofa Sun
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Angang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yun-Gui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China.
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113
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McFadden MJ, McIntyre ABR, Mourelatos H, Abell NS, Gokhale NS, Ipas H, Xhemalçe B, Mason CE, Horner SM. Post-transcriptional regulation of antiviral gene expression by N6-methyladenosine. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108798. [PMID: 33657363 PMCID: PMC7981787 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) induce hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in response to viral infection. Induction of these ISGs must be regulated for an efficient and controlled antiviral response, but post-transcriptional controls of these genes have not been well defined. Here, we identify a role for the RNA base modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in the regulation of ISGs. Using ribosome profiling and quantitative mass spectrometry, coupled with m6A-immunoprecipitation and sequencing, we identify a subset of ISGs, including IFITM1, whose translation is enhanced by m6A and the m6A methyltransferase proteins METTL3 and METTL14. We further determine that the m6A reader YTHDF1 increases the expression of IFITM1 in an m6A-binding-dependent manner. Importantly, we find that the m6A methyltransferase complex promotes the antiviral activity of type I IFN. Thus, these studies identify m6A as having a role in post-transcriptional control of ISG translation during the type I IFN response for antiviral restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McFadden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alexa B R McIntyre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Tri-Institutional Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Haralambos Mourelatos
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Memorial Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Nathan S Abell
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA
| | - Nandan S Gokhale
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hélène Ipas
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Blerta Xhemalçe
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Tri-Institutional Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Stacy M Horner
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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114
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Li X, Peng C, Zhu Z, Cai H, Zhuang Q. The networks of m 6A-SARS-CoV-2 related genes and immune infiltration patterns in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6273-6288. [PMID: 33647885 PMCID: PMC7993677 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with a poor prognosis. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shares some similarities with IPF. SARS-CoV-2 related genes have been reported to be broadly regulated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification. Here, we identified the association between m6A methylation regulators, COVID-19 infection pathways, and immune responses in IPF. The characteristic gene expression networks and immune infiltration patterns of m6A-SARS-CoV-2 related genes in different tissues of IPF were revealed. We subsequently evaluated the influence of these related gene expression patterns and immune infiltration patterns on the prognosis/lung function of IPF patients. The IPF cohort was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to identify the correlations among genes or cells. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to assess the infiltration of 22 types of immune cells. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and proportional hazards model (Cox model) were used to develop the prognosis prediction model. Our research is pivotal for further understanding of the cellular and genetic links between IPF and SARS-CoV-2 infection in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may contribute to providing new ideas for prognosis assessment and treatment of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ziqing Zhu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Haozheng Cai
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
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115
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Abstract
The innate immune response is a rapid response to pathogens or danger signals. It is precisely activated not only to efficiently eliminate pathogens but also to avoid excessive inflammation and tissue damage. cis-Regulatory element-associated chromatin architecture shaped by epigenetic factors, which we define as the epiregulome, endows innate immune cells with specialized phenotypes and unique functions by establishing cell-specific gene expression patterns, and it also contributes to resolution of the inflammatory response. In this review, we focus on two aspects: (a) how niche signals during lineage commitment or following infection and pathogenic stress program epiregulomes by regulating gene expression levels, enzymatic activities, or gene-specific targeting of chromatin modifiers and (b) how the programed epiregulomes in turn mediate regulation of gene-specific expression, which contributes to controlling the development of innate cells, or the response to infection and inflammation, in a timely manner. We also discuss the effects of innate immunometabolic rewiring on epiregulomes and speculate on several future challenges to be encountered during the exploration of the master regulators of epiregulomes in innate immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China; , .,National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China; , .,National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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116
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Zhu XJ, Feng JQ, Zheng MZ, Yang ZR, Zhao L, Zhang W, Zhong W, Chen YY, Lin J. Metal-Protein Nanoparticles Facilitate Anti-VSV and H1N1 Viruses Through the Coordinative Actions on Innate Immune Responses and METTL14. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2000382. [PMID: 33522144 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Host defense systems can invade viral infection through immune responses and cellular metabolism. Recently, many studies have shown that cellular metabolism can be reprogrammed through N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) modifications during viral infection. Among of them, methyltransferase like-14 enzyme (METTL14) plays an important role in m6 A RNA modification, yet its antiviral function still remains unclear. In this work, it is uncovered that metal-protein nanoparticles designated GSTP1-MT3(Fe2+ ) (MPNP) can polarize macrophages toward the M1 phenotype and activate immune responses to induce Interferon-beta (IFN-β) production in vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-infected macrophages. Further investigation elucidates that a high dose of IFN-β can promote the expression of METTL14, which has a well anti-VSV capacity. Moreover, it is found that other negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, such as influenza viruses (H1N1(WSN)), can also be inhibited through either immune responses or METTL14. Collectively, these findings provide insights into the antiviral function of METTL14 and suggest that the manipulation of METTL14 may be a potential strategy to intervene with other negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jie Zhu
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jin-Qiu Feng
- Department of Immunology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Zheng
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ze-Ruo Yang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wu Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ying-Yu Chen
- Department of Immunology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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117
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Kyrilis FL, Semchonok DA, Skalidis I, Tüting C, Hamdi F, O'Reilly FJ, Rappsilber J, Kastritis PL. Integrative structure of a 10-megadalton eukaryotic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from native cell extracts. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108727. [PMID: 33567276 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) is a giant enzymatic assembly involved in pyruvate oxidation. PDHc components have been characterized in isolation, but the complex's quaternary structure has remained elusive due to sheer size, heterogeneity, and plasticity. Here, we identify fully assembled Chaetomium thermophilum α-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes in native cell extracts and characterize their domain arrangements utilizing mass spectrometry, activity assays, crosslinking, electron microscopy (EM), and computational modeling. We report the cryo-EM structure of the PDHc core and observe unique features of the previously unknown native state. The asymmetric reconstruction of the 10-MDa PDHc resolves spatial proximity of its components, agrees with stoichiometric data (60 E2p:12 E3BP:∼20 E1p: ≤ 12 E3), and proposes a minimum reaction path among component enzymes. The PDHc shows the presence of a dynamic pyruvate oxidation compartment, organized by core and peripheral protein species. Our data provide a framework for further understanding PDHc and α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis L Kyrilis
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, Halle/Saale, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Dmitry A Semchonok
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Ioannis Skalidis
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, Halle/Saale, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christian Tüting
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Farzad Hamdi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Francis J O'Reilly
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany; Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis L Kastritis
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, Halle/Saale, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3, Halle/Saale, Germany; Biozentrum, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, Halle/Saale, Germany.
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118
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He PC, He C. m 6 A RNA methylation: from mechanisms to therapeutic potential. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105977. [PMID: 33470439 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA carries a diverse array of chemical modifications that play important roles in the regulation of gene expression. N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A), installed onto mRNA by the METTL3/METTL14 methyltransferase complex, is the most prevalent mRNA modification. m6 A methylation regulates gene expression by influencing numerous aspects of mRNA metabolism, including pre-mRNA processing, nuclear export, decay, and translation. The importance of m6 A methylation as a mode of post-transcriptional gene expression regulation is evident in the crucial roles m6 A-mediated gene regulation plays in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Here, we review current knowledge on the mechanisms by which m6 A exerts its functions and discuss recent advances that underscore the multifaceted role of m6 A in the regulation of gene expression. We highlight advances in our understanding of the regulation of m6 A deposition on mRNA and its context-dependent effects on mRNA decay and translation, the role of m6 A methylation of non-coding chromosomal-associated RNA species in regulating transcription, and the activities of the RNA demethylase FTO on diverse substrates. We also discuss emerging evidence for the therapeutic potential of targeting m6 A regulators in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cody He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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119
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Bayoumi M, Munir M. Structural Insights Into m6A-Erasers: A Step Toward Understanding Molecule Specificity and Potential Antiviral Targeting. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:587108. [PMID: 33511112 PMCID: PMC7835257 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.587108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular RNA can acquire a variety of chemical modifications during the cell cycle, and compelling pieces of evidence highlight the importance of these modifications in determining the metabolism of RNA and, subsequently, cell physiology. Among myriads of modifications, methylation at the N6-position of adenosine (m6A) is the most important and abundant internal modification in the messenger RNA. The m6A marks are installed by methyltransferase complex proteins (writers) in the majority of eukaryotes and dynamically reversed by demethylases such as FTO and ALKBH5 (erasers). The incorporated m6A marks on the RNA transcripts are recognized by m6A-binding proteins collectively called readers. Recent epigenetic studies have unequivocally highlighted the association of m6A demethylases with a range of biomedical aspects, including human diseases, cancers, and metabolic disorders. Moreover, the mechanisms of demethylation by m6A erasers represent a new frontier in the future basic research on RNA biology. In this review, we focused on recent advances describing various physiological, pathological, and viral regulatory roles of m6A erasers. Additionally, we aim to analyze structural insights into well-known m6A-demethylases in assessing their substrate binding-specificity, efficiency, and selectivity. Knowledge on cellular and viral RNA metabolism will shed light on m6A-specific recognition by demethylases and will provide foundations for the future development of efficacious therapeutic agents to various cancerous conditions and open new avenues for the development of antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Bayoumi
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.,Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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120
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Choi JH, Burke JM, Szymanik KH, Nepal U, Battenhouse A, Lau JT, Stark A, Lam V, Sullivan CS. DUSP11-mediated control of 5'-triphosphate RNA regulates RIG-I sensitivity. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1697-1712. [PMID: 33184222 PMCID: PMC7706711 DOI: 10.1101/gad.340604.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Choi et al. set out to elucidate the physiological role of RNA triphosphatase dual-specificity phosphatase 11 (DUSP11) in the innate immune response. Using in vivo and in vitro experiments, the authors describe the importance of controlling 5′-triphosphate RNA levels to prevent aberrant RIG-I signaling and demonstrate DUSP11 as a key effector of this mechanism. Deciphering the mechanisms that regulate the sensitivity of pathogen recognition receptors is imperative to understanding infection and inflammation. Here we demonstrate that the RNA triphosphatase dual-specificity phosphatase 11 (DUSP11) acts on both host and virus-derived 5′-triphosphate RNAs rendering them less active in inducing a RIG-I-mediated immune response. Reducing DUSP11 levels alters host triphosphate RNA packaged in extracellular vesicles and induces enhanced RIG-I activation in cells exposed to extracellular vesicles. Virus infection of cells lacking DUSP11 results in a higher proportion of triphosphorylated viral transcripts and attenuated virus replication, which is rescued by reducing RIG-I expression. Consistent with the activity of DUSP11 in the cellular RIG-I response, mice lacking DUSP11 display lower viral loads, greater sensitivity to triphosphorylated RNA, and a signature of enhanced interferon activity in select tissues. Our results reveal the importance of controlling 5′-triphosphate RNA levels to prevent aberrant RIG-I signaling and demonstrate DUSP11 as a key effector of this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon H Choi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712, USA
| | - James M Burke
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712, USA
| | - Kayla H Szymanik
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712, USA
| | - Upasana Nepal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712, USA
| | - Anna Battenhouse
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712, USA
| | - Justin T Lau
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712, USA
| | - Aaron Stark
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712, USA
| | - Victor Lam
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712, USA
| | - Christopher S Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712, USA
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121
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Zhao LY, Song J, Liu Y, Song CX, Yi C. Mapping the epigenetic modifications of DNA and RNA. Protein Cell 2020; 11:792-808. [PMID: 32440736 PMCID: PMC7647981 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 17 and 160 types of chemical modifications have been identified in DNA and RNA, respectively. The interest in understanding the various biological functions of DNA and RNA modifications has lead to the cutting-edged fields of epigenomics and epitranscriptomics. Developing chemical and biological tools to detect specific modifications in the genome or transcriptome has greatly facilitated their study. Here, we review the recent technological advances in this rapidly evolving field. We focus on high-throughput detection methods and biological findings for these modifications, and discuss questions to be addressed as well. We also summarize third-generation sequencing methods, which enable long-read and single-molecule sequencing of DNA and RNA modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yong Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Jinghui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yibin Liu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Chun-Xiao Song
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Chengqi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Department of Chemical Biology and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Zhu Z, Umehara T, Tsujita N, Kawai T, Goto M, Cheng B, Zeng W, Shimada M. Itaconate regulates the glycolysis/pentose phosphate pathway transition to maintain boar sperm linear motility by regulating redox homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 159:44-53. [PMID: 32745767 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells improve redox homeostasis under reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress conditions via the enhancement of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). However, it is not clear how the cell reprograms glucose metabolism from glycolysis to the PPP. Hence, in the present study, we used boar sperm as a model to elucidate the mechanism by which the glycolysis/PPP transition occurs under ROS stress. The boar sperm treated with moderate glucose levels for 3 h exhibited increased sperm linear motility patterns, ATP levels and GSH/GSSG ratios and decreased ROS levels compared to the boar sperm treated without glucose. In addition, the hexokinase activity, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity, NADPH level, NADPH/NADP+ ratio and mitochondrial activity were higher in the sperm treated with moderate glucose than in those not treated with glucose. Interestingly, the enzyme activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (ALDOA) was not significantly changed during the incubation. The sperm linear motility patterns were decreased by treatment with the G6PD inhibitor 6-aminonicotinamide. Moreover, moderate glucose treatment significantly increased the itaconate levels in sperm. Both endogenous and exogenous itaconate increased the total itaconate modifications and the itaconate-modified ALDOA levels in sperm, suggesting that under moderate-glucose conditions, glycolysis in the sperm was suppressed by an increase in the itaconate levels. Furthermore, the addition of itaconate improved the sperm linear motility patterns by suppressing glycolysis and enhancing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Therefore, the itaconate generated from OXPHOS regulates the glycolysis/PPP transition to maintain redox homeostasis. In sperm, this itaconate-dependent mechanism plays an important role in maintaining their high linear motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China; Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Natsumi Tsujita
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawai
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Goto
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Livestock Research Institute, Oita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Oita, Japan
| | - Bo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Masayuki Shimada
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Xu Z, Peng B, Cai Y, Wu G, Huang J, Gao M, Guo G, Zeng S, Gong Z, Yan Y. N6-methyladenosine RNA modification in cancer therapeutic resistance: Current status and perspectives. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114258. [PMID: 33017575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Several strategies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have improved therapeutic outcomes among cancer patients in clinical practice. However, due to their heterogeneity, cancer cells frequently display primary or acquired therapeutic resistance, thereby resulting in treatment failure. The mechanisms underlying cancer therapeutic resistance are complex and varied. Among them, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification has gained increasing attention as a potential determinant of therapy resistance within various cancers. In this review, we primarily describe evidence for the effect of the m6A epitranscriptome on RNA homeostasis modulation, which has been shown to alter multiple cellular pathways in cancer research and treatment. Additionally, we discuss the profiles and biological implications of m6A RNA methylation, which is undergoing intensive investigation for its effect on the control of therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bi Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Geting Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jinzhou Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Guijie Guo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shuangshuang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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124
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Distinct RNA N-demethylation pathways catalyzed by nonheme iron ALKBH5 and FTO enzymes enable regulation of formaldehyde release rates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25284-25292. [PMID: 32989163 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007349117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The AlkB family of nonheme Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases are essential regulators of RNA epigenetics by serving as erasers of one-carbon marks on RNA with release of formaldehyde (FA). Two major human AlkB family members, FTO and ALKBH5, both act as oxidative demethylases of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) but furnish different major products, N6-hydroxymethyladenosine (hm6A) and adenosine (A), respectively. Here we identify foundational mechanistic differences between FTO and ALKBH5 that promote these distinct biochemical outcomes. In contrast to FTO, which follows a traditional oxidative N-demethylation pathway to catalyze conversion of m6A to hm6A with subsequent slow release of A and FA, we find that ALKBH5 catalyzes a direct m6A-to-A transformation with rapid FA release. We identify a catalytic R130/K132/Y139 triad within ALKBH5 that facilitates release of FA via an unprecedented covalent-based demethylation mechanism with direct detection of a covalent intermediate. Importantly, a K132Q mutant furnishes an ALKBH5 enzyme with an m6A demethylation profile that resembles that of FTO, establishing the importance of this residue in the proposed covalent mechanism. Finally, we show that ALKBH5 is an endogenous source of FA in the cell by activity-based sensing of FA fluxes perturbed via ALKBH5 knockdown. This work provides a fundamental biochemical rationale for nonredundant roles of these RNA demethylases beyond different substrate preferences and cellular localization, where m6A demethylation by ALKBH5 versus FTO results in release of FA, an endogenous one-carbon unit but potential genotoxin, at different rates in living systems.
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125
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Zhou Y, Kong Y, Fan W, Tao T, Xiao Q, Li N, Zhu X. Principles of RNA methylation and their implications for biology and medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110731. [PMID: 32920520 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA methylation is a post-transcriptional level of regulation. At present, more than 150 kinds of RNA modifications have been identified. They are widely distributed in messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), noncoding small RNA (sncRNA) and long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA). In recent years, with the discovery of RNA methylation related proteins and the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, the mystery of RNA methylation has been gradually revealed, and its biological function and application value have gradually emerged. In this review, a large number of research results of RNA methylation in recent years are collected. Through systematic summary and refinement, this review introduced RNA methylation modification-related proteins and RNA methylation sequencing technologies, as well as the biological functions of RNA methylation, expressions and applications of RNA methylation-related genes in physiological or pathological states such as cancer, immunity and virus infection, and discussed the potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hubei No.3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China.
| | - Qin Xiao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China.
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126
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Chen Y, Zhao Y, Chen J, Peng C, Zhang Y, Tong R, Cheng Q, Yang B, Feng X, Lu Y, Xie H, Zhou L, Wu J, Zheng S. ALKBH5 suppresses malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma via m 6A-guided epigenetic inhibition of LYPD1. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:123. [PMID: 32772918 PMCID: PMC7416417 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is an emerging layer of epigenetic regulation which is widely implicated in the tumorigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), offering a novel perspective for investigating molecular pathogenesis of this disease. The role of AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), one of the m6A demethylases, has not been fully explored in HCC. Here we clarify the biological profile and potential mechanisms of ALKBH5 in HCC. Methods Expression of ALKBH5 and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of HCC were evaluated using tissue microarrays and online datasets. And biological effects of ALKBH5 in HCC were determined in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) combined with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and following m6A dot blot, MeRIP-qPCR, RIP-qPCR or dual luciferase reporter assays were employed to screen and validate the candidate targets of ALKBH5. Results We demonstrated that ALKBH5 was down-regulated in HCC, and decreased ALKBH5 expression was an independent prognostic factor of worse survival in HCC patients. Functionally, ALKBH5 suppressed the proliferation and invasion capabilities of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ALKBH5-mediated m6A demethylation led to a post-transcriptional inhibition of LY6/PLAUR Domain Containing 1 (LYPD1), which could be recognized and stabilized by the m6A effector IGF2BP1. In addition, we identified that LYPD1 induced oncogenic behaviors of tumors in contrast to ALKBH5. Dysregulation of ALKBH5/LYPD1 axis impelled the progression of HCC. Conclusion Our study reveals that ALKBH5, characterized as a tumor suppressor, attenuates the expression of LYPD1 via an m6A-dependent manner in HCC cells. Our findings enrich the landscape of m6A-modulated tumor malignancy, and provide new insights into potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanchun Zhao
- Hematology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Junru Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chuanhui Peng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases (JBZX-202004), Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rongliang Tong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases (JBZX-202004), Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qiyang Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Beng Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaode Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuejie Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases (JBZX-202004), Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases (JBZX-202004), Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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127
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Hoang HD, Neault S, Pelin A, Alain T. Emerging translation strategies during virus-host interaction. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 12:e1619. [PMID: 32757266 PMCID: PMC7435527 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Translation control is crucial during virus-host interaction. On one hand, viruses completely rely on the protein synthesis machinery of host cells to propagate and have evolved various mechanisms to redirect the host's ribosomes toward their viral mRNAs. On the other hand, the host rewires its translation program in an attempt to contain and suppress the virus early on during infection; the antiviral program includes specific control on protein synthesis to translate several antiviral mRNAs involved in quenching the infection. As the infection progresses, host translation is in turn inhibited in order to limit viral propagation. We have learnt of very diverse strategies that both parties utilize to gain or retain control over the protein synthesis machinery. Yet novel strategies continue to be discovered, attesting for the importance of mRNA translation in virus-host interaction. This review focuses on recently described translation strategies employed by both hosts and viruses. These discoveries provide additional pieces in the understanding of the complex virus-host translation landscape. This article is categorized under: Translation > Translation Mechanisms Translation > Translation Regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy-Dung Hoang
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Apoptosis Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H8L1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Serge Neault
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Pelin
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tommy Alain
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Apoptosis Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H8L1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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128
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Wu C, Chen W, He J, Jin S, Liu Y, Yi Y, Gao Z, Yang J, Yang J, Cui J, Zhao W. Interplay of m 6A and H3K27 trimethylation restrains inflammation during bacterial infection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba0647. [PMID: 32875102 PMCID: PMC7438091 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
While N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) involved in various cellular responses, its role in modulating bacteria-induced inflammatory response remains elusive. Here, we showed that loss of the m6A reader YTH-domain family 2 (YTHDF2) promoted demethylation of histone H3 lysine-27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), which led to enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines and facilitated the deposition of m6A cotranscriptionally. Mechanistically, the mRNA of lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) was m6A-modified and its decay mediated by YTHDF2. YTHDF2 deficiency stabilized KDM6B to promote H3K27me3 demethylation of multiple proinflammatory cytokines and subsequently enhanced their transcription. Furthermore, we identified H3K27me3 as a barrier for m6A modification during transcription. KDM6B recruits the m6A methyltransferase complex to facilitate the methylation of m6A in transcribing mRNA by removing adjacent H3K27me3 barriers. These results revealed cross-talk between m6A and H3K27me3 during bacterial infection, which has broader implications for deciphering epitranscriptomics in immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglei Wu
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jincan He
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shouheng Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Yukun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhuoxing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiayan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Jun Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
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129
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Abstract
The discovery and analysis of modifications on proteins and nucleic acids has provided functional information that has rapidly accelerated the field of epigenetics. While protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), especially on histones, have been highlighted as critical components of epigenetics, the post-transcriptional modification of RNA has been a subject of more recently emergent interest. Multiple RNA modifications have been known to be present in tRNA and rRNA since the 1960s, but the exploration of mRNA, small RNA, and inducible tRNA modifications remains nascent. Sequencing-based methods have been essential to the field by creating the first epitranscriptome maps of m6A, m5C, hm5C, pseudouridine, and inosine; however, these methods possess significant limitations. Here, we discuss the past, present, and future of the application of mass spectrometry (MS) to the study of RNA modifications.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Mass Spectrometry
- Molecular Structure
- Nucleosides
- Nucleotides
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- RNA/chemistry
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer/genetics
- RNA, Transfer/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lauman
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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130
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Luo W, Song X, Huang L, Xiao J, Jin F, Ren Z, Wang Y. Roles of long non-coding RNAs and emerging RNA-binding proteins in innate antiviral responses. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:9407-9424. [PMID: 32802200 PMCID: PMC7415804 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The diseases caused by viruses posed a great challenge to human health, the development of which was driven by the imbalanced host immune response. Host innate immunity is an evolutionary old defense system that is critical for the elimination of the virus. The overactive innate immune response also leads to inflammatory autoimmune diseases, which require precise control of innate antiviral response for maintaining immune homeostasis. Mounting long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcribed from the mammalian genome are key regulators of innate antiviral response, functions of which greatly depend on their protein interactors, including classical RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and the unconventional proteins without classical RNA binding domains. In particular, several emerging RBPs, such as m6A machinery components, TRIM family members, and even the DNA binding factors recognized traditionally, function in innate antiviral response. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the regulation of type I interferon signaling-based antiviral responses by lncRNAs and emerging RBPs as well as their mechanism of actions. We then posed the future perspective toward the role of lncRNA-RBP interaction networks in innate antiviral response and discussed the promising and challenges of lncRNA-based drug development as well as the technical bottleneck in studying lncRNA-protein interactions. Our review provides a comprehensive understanding of lncRNA and emerging RBPs in the innate antiviral immune response.
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131
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Asada K, Bolatkan A, Takasawa K, Komatsu M, Kaneko S, Hamamoto R. Critical Roles of N6-Methyladenosine (m 6A) in Cancer and Virus Infection. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071071. [PMID: 32709063 PMCID: PMC7408378 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that epigenetic abnormalities are involved in various diseases, including cancer. In particular, in order to realize precision medicine, the integrated analysis of genetics and epigenetics is considered to be important; detailed epigenetic analysis in the medical field has been becoming increasingly important. In the epigenetics analysis, DNA methylation and histone modification analyses have been actively studied for a long time, and many important findings were accumulated. On the other hand, recently, attention has also been focused on RNA modification in the field of epigenetics; now it is known that RNA modification is associated with various biological functions, such as regulation of gene expression. Among RNA modifications, functional analysis of N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant RNA modification found from humans to plants is actively progressing, and it has also been known that m6A abnormality is involved in cancer and other diseases. Importantly, recent studies have shown that m6A is related to viral infections. Considering the current world situation under threat of viral infections, it is important to deepen knowledge of RNA modification from the viewpoint of viral diseases. Hence, in this review, we have summarized the recent findings regarding the roles of RNA modifications in biological functions, cancer biology, and virus infection, particularly focusing on m6A in mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Asada
- Cancer Translational Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan; (A.B.); (K.T.); (M.K.)
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (R.H.); Tel.: +81-3-3547-5271 (R.H.)
| | - Amina Bolatkan
- Cancer Translational Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan; (A.B.); (K.T.); (M.K.)
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Ken Takasawa
- Cancer Translational Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan; (A.B.); (K.T.); (M.K.)
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Cancer Translational Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan; (A.B.); (K.T.); (M.K.)
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Syuzo Kaneko
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Cancer Translational Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan; (A.B.); (K.T.); (M.K.)
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (R.H.); Tel.: +81-3-3547-5271 (R.H.)
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132
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Reversible N6-methyladenosine of RNA: The regulatory mechanisms on gene expression and implications in physiology and pathology. Genes Dis 2020; 7:585-597. [PMID: 33335958 PMCID: PMC7729110 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant inner RNA modification in eukaryotes. Due to the development of RNA sequencing technology, the distribution pattern of m6A in the transcriptome has been uncovered. Dynamically, the reversible N6-methylation is mediated by two types of proteins, which are classified as "writers" and "erasers". Under the association of specific co-factors, writers show spatiotemporal N6-methyltransferase activity. Mechanically, m6A can be recognized by "reader" proteins or can directly modify RNA conformation, and it widely affects gene expression by mediating RNA stability, translation, splicing and export. m6A is involved in a series of physiology processes. Dysregulation of m6A is gradually defined as the pathogenesis of some diseases, e.g., cancer and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, a good understanding of m6A is essential for molecular biology and pathology research. In this article we systemically present an overview of the functions and mechanisms of identified m6A regulators. The discovered biological and pathological processes affected by m6A are also summarized. We hope that readers with related research interests benefit from our review.
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133
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Wu R, Chen F, Wang N, Tang D, Kang R. ACOD1 in immunometabolism and disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:822-833. [PMID: 32601305 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism plays a fundamental role in health and diseases and involves multiple genes and signals. Aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1; also known as IRG1) is emerging as a regulator of immunometabolism in inflammation and infection. Upregulation of ACOD1 expression occurs in activated immune cells (e.g., macrophages and monocytes) in response to pathogen infection (e.g., bacteria and viruses), pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (e.g., LPS), cytokines (e.g., TNF and IFNs), and damage-associated molecular patterns (e.g., monosodium urate). Mechanistically, several immune receptors (e.g., TLRs and IFNAR), adapter proteins (e.g., MYD88), ubiquitin ligases (e.g., A20), and transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB, IRFs, and STATs) form complex signal transduction networks to control ACOD1 expression in a context-dependent manner. Functionally, ACOD1 mediates itaconate production, oxidative stress, and antigen processing and plays dual roles in immunity and diseases. On the one hand, activation of the ACOD1 pathway may limit pathogen infection and promote embryo implantation. On the other hand, abnormal ACOD1 expression can lead to tumor progression, neurodegenerative disease, and immune paralysis. Further understanding of the function and regulation of ACOD1 is important for the application of ACOD1-based therapeutic strategies in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runliu Wu
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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134
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Chen J, Jin L, Wang Z, Wang L, Chen Q, Cui Y, Liu G. N6-methyladenosine regulates PEDV replication and host gene expression. Virology 2020; 548:59-72. [PMID: 32838947 PMCID: PMC7297182 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylation of the N6 position of adenosine (m6A) is a widespread RNA modification that is critical for various physiological and pathological processes. Although this modification was also found in the RNA of several viruses almost 40 years ago, its biological functions during viral infection have been elucidated recently. Here, we investigated the effects of viral and host RNA methylation during porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection. The results demonstrated that the m6A modification was abundant in the PEDV genome and the host methyltransferases METTL3 and METTL14 and demethylase FTO were involved in the regulation of viral replication. The knockdown of the methyltransferases increased PEDV replication while silencing the demethylase decreased PEDV output. Moreover, the proteins of the YTHDF family regulated the PEDV replication by affecting the stability of m6A-modified viral RNA. In particular, PEDV infection could trigger an increasement of m6A in host RNA and decrease the expression of FTO. The m6A modification sites in mRNAs and target genes were also altered during PEDV infection. Additionally, part of the host responses to PEDV infection was controlled by m6A modification, which could be reversed by the expression of FTO. Taken together, our results identified the role of m6A modification in PEDV replication and interactions with the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Zemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Qingbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Yaru Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Guangliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China.
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135
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Liu L, Song B, Ma J, Song Y, Zhang SY, Tang Y, Wu X, Wei Z, Chen K, Su J, Rong R, Lu Z, de Magalhães JP, Rigden DJ, Zhang L, Zhang SW, Huang Y, Lei X, Liu H, Meng J. Bioinformatics approaches for deciphering the epitranscriptome: Recent progress and emerging topics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1587-1604. [PMID: 32670500 PMCID: PMC7334300 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional RNA modification occurs on all types of RNA and plays a vital role in regulating every aspect of RNA function. Thanks to the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, transcriptome-wide profiling of RNA modifications has been made possible. With the accumulation of a large number of high-throughput datasets, bioinformatics approaches have become increasing critical for unraveling the epitranscriptome. We review here the recent progress in bioinformatics approaches for deciphering the epitranscriptomes, including epitranscriptome data analysis techniques, RNA modification databases, disease-association inference, general functional annotation, and studies on RNA modification site prediction. We also discuss the limitations of existing approaches and offer some future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- School of Computer Sciences, Shannxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Bowen Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jiani Ma
- School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Song-Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Information Fusion Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Yujiao Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangyu Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, L7 8TX, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, L7 8TX, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kunqi Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, L7 8TX, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jionglong Su
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Rong Rong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Zhiliang Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, L7 8TX, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Rigden
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Shao-Wu Zhang
- School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiujuan Lei
- School of Computer Sciences, Shannxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- AI University Research Centre, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB Liverpool, United Kingdom
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136
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Xiang M, Liu W, Tian W, You A, Deng D. RNA N-6-methyladenosine enzymes and resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Epigenomics 2020; 12:801-809. [PMID: 32515221 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: As one of the early adaptive mechanisms by which cells respond to environmental changes, RNA modification appears to be a very promising target for cancer treatment. Results: RNA modifications are currently a hot topic in epigenetic research. Emerging experimental studies show that expression alterations of multiple m6A enzymes, including demethylase FTO, methyltransferase METTL3 and WTAP, mediate the development of resistance of cancer cells to various treatments. A set of small molecular chemical drugs targeted to these m6A enzymes are under development. Intervention of RNA m6A methylation is a possible therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance. Conclusions: RNA m6A methylation may play a crucial role in drug resistance development and intervention in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyi Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng-Lu #52, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Wensu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng-Lu #52, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Wei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng-Lu #52, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Abin You
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng-Lu #52, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Dajun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng-Lu #52, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, PR China
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137
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Cytokine-like Roles for Metabolites in Immunity. Mol Cell 2020; 78:814-823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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138
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The RNA modification N6-methyladenosine as a novel regulator of the immune system. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:501-512. [DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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139
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Leung J, Gaudin V. Who Rules the Cell? An Epi-Tale of Histone, DNA, RNA, and the Metabolic Deep State. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:181. [PMID: 32194593 PMCID: PMC7066317 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the mode of inheritance independent of mutational changes in the DNA. Early evidence has revealed methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation of histones, as well as methylation of DNA as part of the underlying mechanisms. The recent awareness that many human diseases have in fact an epigenetic basis, due to unbalanced diets, has led to a resurgence of interest in how epigenetics might be connected with, or even controlled by, metabolism. The Next-Generation genomic technologies have now unleashed torrents of results exposing a wondrous array of metabolites that are covalently attached to selective sites on histones, DNA and RNA. Metabolites are often cofactors or targets of chromatin-modifying enzymes. Many metabolites themselves can be acetylated or methylated. This indicates that the acetylome and methylome can actually be deep and pervasive networks to ensure the nuclear activities are coordinated with the metabolic status of the cell. The discovery of novel histone marks also raises the question on the types of pathways by which their corresponding metabolites are replenished, how they are corralled to the specific histone residues and how they are recognized. Further, atypical cytosines and uracil have also been found in eukaryotic genomes. Although these new and extensive connections between metabolism and epigenetics have been established mostly in animal models, parallels must exist in plants, inasmuch as many of the basic components of chromatin and its modifying enzymes are conserved. Plants are chemical factories constantly responding to stress. Plants, therefore, should lend themselves readily for identifying new endogenous metabolites that are also modulators of nuclear activities in adapting to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Leung
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, ERL3559 CNRS, INRAE, Versailles, France
| | - Valérie Gaudin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRAE-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
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140
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Gokhale NS, McIntyre ABR, Mattocks MD, Holley CL, Lazear HM, Mason CE, Horner SM. Altered m 6A Modification of Specific Cellular Transcripts Affects Flaviviridae Infection. Mol Cell 2020; 77:542-555.e8. [PMID: 31810760 PMCID: PMC7007864 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modulates mRNA fate and thus affects many biological processes. We analyzed m6A across the transcriptome following infection by dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). We found that infection by these viruses in the Flaviviridae family alters m6A modification of specific cellular transcripts, including RIOK3 and CIRBP. During viral infection, the addition of m6A to RIOK3 promotes its translation, while loss of m6A in CIRBP promotes alternative splicing. Importantly, viral activation of innate immune sensing or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response contributes to the changes in m6A in RIOK3 or CIRBP, respectively. Further, several transcripts with infection-altered m6A profiles, including RIOK3 and CIRBP, encode proteins that influence DENV, ZIKV, and HCV infection. Overall, this work reveals that cellular signaling pathways activated during viral infection lead to alterations in m6A modification of host mRNAs to regulate infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandan S Gokhale
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Alexa B R McIntyre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Melissa D Mattocks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christopher L Holley
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Helen M Lazear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Stacy M Horner
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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