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High Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and RNA among Asymptomatic Blood Donors in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081279. [PMID: 36016167 PMCID: PMC9414004 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gold-standard approach for diagnosing and confirming Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This method, however, is inefficient in detecting previous or dormant viral infections. The presence of antigen-specific antibodies is the fingerprint and cardinal sign for diagnosis and determination of exposure to infectious agents including Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This cross-sectional study examined the presence of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) among asymptomatic blood donors in Makkah region. A total of 4368 asymptomatic blood donors were enrolled. They were screened for spike-specific IgG using ELISA and COVID-19 RNA by real-time PCR. COVID-19 IgG was detected among 2248 subjects (51.5%) while COVID-19-RNA was detected among 473 (10.8%) subjects. The IgG frequency was significantly higher among males and non-Saudi residents (p < 0.001 each) with no significant variation in IgG positivity among blood donors with different blood groups. In addition, COVID-19 RNA frequency was significantly higher among donors below 40-years old (p = 0.047, χ2 = 3.95), and non-Saudi residents (p = 0.001, χ2 = 304.5). The COVID-19 IgG levels were significantly higher among the RNA-positive donors (p = 001), and non-Saudi residents (p = 0.041), with no variations with age or blood group (p > 0.05). This study reveals a very high prevalence of COVID-19 IgG and RNA among asymptomatic blood donors in Makkah, Saudi Arabia indicating a high exposure rate of the general population to COVID-19; particularly foreign residents. It sheds light on the spread on COVID-19 among apparently healthy individuals at the beginning of the pandemic and could help in designing various control measures to minimize viral spread.
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Hanssen DAT, Penders J, Heijgele K, de Leede S, Mulder M, Bank LEA, Slaats MHC, Savelkoul PHM, van Loo IHM. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after natural infection in healthcare workers and clinical characteristics as putative antibody production prediction. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2022; 2:100089. [PMID: 35755211 PMCID: PMC9213037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a need for detailed data on early antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 as this may contribute to the prediction of the clinical course of COVID-19 and the optimization of convalescent plasma treatment. This study aims to gain insight into developing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in health care workers (HCWs) infected in the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the Netherlands. Materials and methods In this retrospective analysis, sera from PCR-confirmed COVID-19 positive HCWs are included at the time of the initial PCR (T = 0, n = 95) and at least 21 days after the initial serum (T ≥ 21, n = 133). This study assesses correlations between qualitative total Ig, IgM, IgA, IgG, and quantitative anti-S-RBD antibody responses and participant characteristics. Results Higher Ct values were associated with higher antibody positivity rates for total Ig (OR 1.261 (95% CI 1.095–1.452)), IgM (OR 1.373 (95% CI 1.125–1.675)), and IgA (OR 1.222 (95% CI 1.013–1.475)). Gender was predictive of IgM and IgA antibody positivity rates at T = 0 (OR 0.018 (95% CI 0.001–0.268)) and (OR 0.070 (95% CI 0.008–0.646)). At T ≥ 21, a substantial proportion of HCWs developed IgM (103/133; 77.4%) and total Ig (128/133; 96.2%) antibodies. IgA and IgG seroconversions were observed in only 51.1% (67/131) and 55.7% (73/131) of HCWs. Anti-S-RBD responses were higher when the interval between onset of symptoms and sampling was longer. Conclusion The findings of this study give insight into early antibody responses and may have implications for the selection of convalescent plasma donors and the further development of monoclonal antibody treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A T Hanssen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, infectious diseases & Infection prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Care and Primary Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - J Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, infectious diseases & Infection prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Care and Primary Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - K Heijgele
- Department of Medical Microbiology, infectious diseases & Infection prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - S de Leede
- Department of Medical Microbiology, infectious diseases & Infection prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - M Mulder
- Department of Medical Microbiology, infectious diseases & Infection prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - L E A Bank
- Department of Medical Microbiology, infectious diseases & Infection prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - M H C Slaats
- Department of Medical Microbiology, infectious diseases & Infection prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - P H M Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, infectious diseases & Infection prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Care and Primary Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - I H M van Loo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, infectious diseases & Infection prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Care and Primary Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, the Netherlands
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103
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Sheikh‐Mohamed S, Sanders EC, Gommerman JL, Tal MC. Guardians of the oral and nasopharyngeal galaxy: IgA and protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immunol Rev 2022; 309:75-85. [PMID: 35815463 PMCID: PMC9349649 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In early 2020, a global emergency was upon us in the form of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While horrific in its health, social and economic devastation, one silver lining to this crisis has been a rapid mobilization of cross-institute, and even cross-country teams that shared common goals of learning as much as we could as quickly as possible about the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and how the immune system would respond to both the virus and COVID-19 vaccines. Many of these teams were formed by women who quickly realized that the classical model of "publish first at all costs" was maladaptive for the circumstances and needed to be supplanted by a more collaborative solution-focused approach. This review is an example of a collaboration that unfolded in separate countries, first Canada and the United States, and then also Israel. Not only did the collaboration allow us to cross-validate our results using different hands/techniques/samples, but it also took advantage of different vaccine types and schedules that were rolled out in our respective home countries. The result of this collaboration was a new understanding of how mucosal immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection vs COVID-19 vaccination can be measured using saliva as a biofluid, what types of vaccines are best able to induce (limited) mucosal immunity, and what are potential correlates of protection against breakthrough infection. In this review, we will share what we have learned about the mucosal immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and to COVID-19 vaccines and provide a perspective on what may be required for next-generation pan-sarbecoronavirus vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin C. Sanders
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Michal Caspi Tal
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Ludwig Cancer CenterStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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Kumar A, Ladha A, Choudhury A, Ikbal AMA, Bhattacharjee B, Das T, Gupta G, Sharma C, Sarbajna A, Mandal SC, Choudhury MD, Ali N, Slama P, Rezaei N, Palit P, Tiwari ON. The chimera of S1 and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2: can it be a potential vaccine candidate for COVID-19? Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1071-1086. [PMID: 35604776 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2081156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged as one of the biggest global health issues. Spike protein (S) and nucleoprotein (N), the major immunogenic components of SARS-CoV-2, have been shown to be involved in the attachment and replication of the virus inside the host cell. AREAS COVERED Several investigations have shown that the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein can elicit a cell-mediated immune response capable of regulating viral replication and lowering viral burden. However, the development of an effective vaccine that can stop the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains a matter of concern. Literature was retrieved using the keywords COVID-19 vaccine, role of nucleoprotein as vaccine candidate, spike protein, nucleoprotein immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, and chimera vaccine in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google. EXPERT OPINION We have focussed on the use of chimera protein, consisting of N and S-1 protein components of SARS-CoV-2, as a potential vaccine candidate. This may act as a polyvalent mixed recombinant protein vaccine to elicit a strong T and B cell immune response, which will be capable of neutralizing the wild and mutated variants of SARS-CoV-2, and also restricting its attachment, replication, and budding in the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amresh Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Amit Ladha
- Area of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, NIIT University, Neemrana, India
| | - Ankita Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Allama TR College of Pharmacy, Hospital Rd, Srigouri, India
| | - Abu Md Ashif Ikbal
- Department of Pharmacy, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Tripura (W), India
| | - Bedanta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Tanmay Das
- Department of Business Administration, Assam University Silchar, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Area of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, NIIT University, Neemrana, India.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Chhavi Sharma
- Area of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, NIIT University, Neemrana, India
| | - Adity Sarbajna
- Department of Zoology, Surendranath College, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhash C Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Nahid Ali
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL BIOLOGY, Kolkata, India
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Partha Palit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Drug Discovery research Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Onkar Nath Tiwari
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
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Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of studying antiviral immunity within sites of infection to gain insights into mechanisms for immune protection and disease pathology. As SARS-CoV-2 is tropic to the respiratory tract, many studies of airway washes, lymph node aspirates, and postmortem lung tissue have revealed site-specific immune dynamics that are associated with the protection or immunopathology but are not readily observed in circulation. This review summarizes the growing body of work identifying immune processes in tissues and their interplay with immune responses in circulation during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe disease, and memory persistence. Establishment of tissue resident immunity also may have implications for vaccination and the durability of immune memory and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Rybkina
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Julia Davis‐Porada
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Donna L. Farber
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of SurgeryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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106
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Nguyen DC, Lamothe PA, Woodruff MC, Saini AS, Faliti CE, Sanz I, Lee FE. COVID-19 and plasma cells: Is there long-lived protection? Immunol Rev 2022; 309:40-63. [PMID: 35801537 PMCID: PMC9350162 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the etiology of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, has resulted in over 450 million cases with more than 6 million deaths worldwide, causing global disruptions since early 2020. Memory B cells and durable antibody protection from long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) are the mainstay of most effective vaccines. However, ending the pandemic has been hampered by the lack of long-lived immunity after infection or vaccination. Although immunizations offer protection from severe disease and hospitalization, breakthrough infections still occur, most likely due to new mutant viruses and the overall decline of neutralizing antibodies after 6 months. Here, we review the current knowledge of B cells, from extrafollicular to memory populations, with a focus on distinct plasma cell subsets, such as early-minted blood antibody-secreting cells and the bone marrow LLPC, and how these humoral compartments contribute to protection after SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C. Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Pedro A. Lamothe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Matthew C. Woodruff
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ankur S. Saini
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Caterina E. Faliti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Frances Eun‐Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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107
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Rebholz H, Braun RJ, Saha T, Harzer O, Schneider M, Ladage D. Longitudinal monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific antibody responses in Lower Austria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271382. [PMID: 35895668 PMCID: PMC9328535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lower Austrian Wachau region was an early COVID-19 hotspot of infection. As previously reported, in June 2020, after the first peak of infections, we determined that 8.5% and 9.0% of the participants in Weißenkirchen and surrounding communities in the Wachau region were positive for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, respectively. Here, we present novel data obtained eight months later (February 2021) from Weißenkirchen, after the second peak of infection, with 25.0% (138/552) and 23.6% (130/552) of participants that are positive for IgG and IgA, respectively. In participants with previous IgG/IgA positivity (June 2020), we observed a 24% reduction in IgG levels, whereas the IgA levels remained stable in February 2021. This subgroup was further analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 induced T cell activities. Although 76% (34/45) and 76% (34/45) of IgG positive and IgA positive participants, respectively, showed specific T cell activities (upon exposure to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-derived peptides), those were not significantly correlated with the levels of IgG or IgA. Thus, the analyses of antibodies cannot surrogate the measurement of T cell activities. For a comprehensive view on SARS-CoV-2-triggered immune responses, the measurement of different classes of antibodies should be complemented with the determination of T cell activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Rebholz
- Research Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Biosciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- GHU Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Ralf J. Braun
- Research Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Biosciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
- * E-mail: (RJB); (DL)
| | - Titas Saha
- Department of Scientific Coordination and Management, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
| | - Oliver Harzer
- Center for Biosciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
- Bioscientia, Institute of Medical Diagnostics, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Miriam Schneider
- Department of Scientific Coordination and Management, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
| | - Dennis Ladage
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
- Heart Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Maria Hilf Hospital, Mönchengladbach, Germany
- * E-mail: (RJB); (DL)
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108
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Zhang PP, Guo YT, Chu YQ, Ji QI, Lian Y, Li W, Yao LN. [Change in serum IgG antibody during the recovery stage of Omicron variant infection in children: an analysis of 110 cases]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2022; 24:736-741. [PMID: 35894186 PMCID: PMC9336630 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2204074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the serum level of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific RBD IgG antibody (SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody for short) in children with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection during the recovery stage, as well as the protective effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination against Omicron infection. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 110 children who were diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in Tianjin of China from January 8 to February 7, 2022. According to the status of vaccination before diagnosis, they were divided into a booster vaccination (3 doses) group with 2 children, a complete vaccination (2 doses) group with 90 children, an incomplete vaccination (1 dose) group with 5 children, and a non-vaccination group with 13 children. The clinical data and IgG level were compared among the 4 groups. RESULTS The complete vaccination group had a significantly higher age than the non-vaccination group at diagnosis (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference in the route of transmission between the two groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences among the four groups in sex, clinical classification, and re-positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection (P>0.05). All 97 children were vaccinated with inactivated vaccine, among whom 85 children (88%) were vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm vaccine (Beijing Institute of Biological Products, Beijing, China). At 1 month after diagnosis, the booster vaccination group and the complete vaccination group had a significantly higher level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody than the non-vaccination group (P<0.05), and at 2 months after diagnosis, the complete vaccination group had a significantly higher level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody than the non-vaccination group (P<0.05). For the complete vaccination group, the level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody at 2 months after diagnosis was significantly lower than that at 1 month after diagnosis (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has a protective effect against Omicron infection in children. For children vaccinated with 2 doses of the vaccine who experience Omicron infection, there may be a slight reduction in the level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody at 2 months after diagnosis. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2022, 24(7): 736-741.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Yan-Ting Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Yu-Qin Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Q I Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Yan Lian
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Li-Na Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300190, China
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109
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Fakhraei R, Erwin E, Alibhai KM, Murphy MSQ, Dingwall-Harvey ALJ, White RR, Dimanlig-Cruz S, LaRose R, Grattan K, Jia JJ, Liu G, Arnold C, Galipeau Y, Shir-Mohammadi K, Alton GD, Dy J, Walker MC, Fell DB, Langlois MA, El-Chaâr D. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among obstetric patients in Ottawa, Canada: a descriptive study. CMAJ Open 2022; 10:E643-E651. [PMID: 35820683 PMCID: PMC9328441 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20210228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in obstetric settings in Canada, beyond the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (February to June 2020). We sought to describe the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant people admitted to triage units at a tertiary care hospital in Ottawa, Canada. METHODS We conducted a descriptive study of pregnant people admitted to obstetric triage assessment units at The Ottawa Hospital between Oct. 19 and Nov. 27, 2020 (second local wave of the COVID-19 pandemic). Participants underwent SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (via naso- or oropharyngeal swabs) and serology testing upon admission. We excluded individuals younger than 18 years, those who did not speak English or French, those who enrolled in conflicting studies, those admitted for pregnancy termination and those triaged between 11:31 pm and 7:29 am. Swab and serology samples were analyzed using digital droplet PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. We defined SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity as a positive result for immunoglobulin (Ig) G, either alone or in combination with IgM or IgA. RESULTS Of the 632 eligible patients, 363 (57.4%) consented to participation and 362 collectively provided 284 swab and 352 blood samples eligible for analysis. Common reasons for declining participation included feeling overwhelmed or anxious, being worried about repercussions of testing, pain or discomfort with testing or disinterest in research. Participants were mostly multiparous (53.9%) and in their third trimester upon admission (88.4%). In all, 18 (4.9%) participants had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure; 2 (0.7%) of 284 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR and 16 (4.5%) of 352 were positive for IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. INTERPRETATION During the second local wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infection among obstetric patients in Ottawa was 0.7% and seroprevalence was 4.5%. Our low participation rate highlights the need for improvements in patient education and public health messaging on the benefits of SARS-CoV-2 testing programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Fakhraei
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Erica Erwin
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Kameela M Alibhai
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Malia S Q Murphy
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Alysha L J Dingwall-Harvey
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Ruth Rennicks White
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Sheryll Dimanlig-Cruz
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Rosemary LaRose
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Kimberly Grattan
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Jian-Jun Jia
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - George Liu
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Corey Arnold
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Yannick Galipeau
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Khatereh Shir-Mohammadi
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Gillian D Alton
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Jessica Dy
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Mark C Walker
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Deshayne B Fell
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Darine El-Chaâr
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.
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110
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Si Y, Covello L, Wang S, Covello T, Gelman A. Beyond Vaccination Rates: A Synthetic Random Proxy Metric of Total SARS-CoV-2 Immunity Seroprevalence in the Community. Epidemiology 2022; 33:457-464. [PMID: 35394966 PMCID: PMC9148633 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Explicit knowledge of total community-level immune seroprevalence is critical to developing policies to mitigate the social and clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2. Publicly available vaccination data are frequently cited as a proxy for population immunity, but this metric ignores the effects of naturally acquired immunity, which varies broadly throughout the country and world. Without broad or random sampling of the population, accurate measurement of persistent immunity post-natural infection is generally unavailable. METHODS To enable tracking of both naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity, we set up a synthetic random proxy based on routine hospital testing for estimating total immunoglobulin G (IgG) prevalence in the sampled community. Our approach analyzed viral IgG testing data of asymptomatic patients who presented for elective procedures within a hospital system. We applied multilevel regression and poststratification to adjust for demographic and geographic discrepancies between the sample and the community population. We then applied state-based vaccination data to categorize immune status as driven by natural infection or by vaccine. RESULTS We validated the model using verified clinical metrics of viral and symptomatic disease incidence to show the expected biologic correlation of these entities with the timing, rate, and magnitude of seroprevalence. In mid-July 2021, the estimated immunity level was 74% with the administered vaccination rate of 45% in the two counties. CONCLUSIONS Our metric improves real-time understanding of immunity to COVID-19 as it evolves and the coordination of policy responses to the disease, toward an inexpensive and easily operational surveillance system that transcends the limits of vaccination datasets alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Si
- From the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Siquan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Andrew Gelman
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Political Science, Columbia University, New York, NY
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111
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Bao L, Park J, Qin B, Kim B. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies detection using a patch sensor containing porous microneedles and a paper-based immunoassay. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10693. [PMID: 35778408 PMCID: PMC9249772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. A new coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, China in 2019, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared its outbreak, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a global pandemic in 2020. COVID-19 can spread quickly from person to person. One of the most challenging issues is to identify the infected individuals and prevent potential spread of SARS-CoV-2. Recently, anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody tests using immunochromatographic methods have been used as a complement to current detection methods and have provided information of the approximate course of COVID-19 infection. However, blood sampling causes pain and poses risks of infection at the needle puncture site. In this study, a novel patch sensor integrating porous microneedles and an immunochromatographic assay (PMNIA) was developed for the rapid detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG in dermal interstitial fluid (ISF), which is a rich source of protein biomarkers, such as antibodies. Biodegradable porous microneedles (MNs) made of polylactic acid were fabricated to extract ISF from human skin by capillary effect. The extracted ISF was vertically transported and flowed into the affixed immunoassay biosensor, where specific antibodies could be detected colorimetrically on-site. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies were simultaneously detected within 3 min in vitro. Moreover, the limit of detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG concentrations was as low as 3 and 7 ng/mL, respectively. The developed device integrating porous MNs and immunochromatographic biosensors is expected to enable minimally invasive, simple, and rapid anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibody testing. Furthermore, the compact size of the MN and biosensor-integrated device is advantageous for its widespread use. The proposed device has great potential for rapid screening of various infectious diseases in addition to COVID-19 as an effective complementary method with other diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Bao
- Institute of Industrial Science, The Univeristy of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Jongho Park
- Institute of Industrial Science, The Univeristy of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Boyu Qin
- Institute of Industrial Science, The Univeristy of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Beomjoon Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, The Univeristy of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
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112
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Nguyen H, Thai NQ, Nguyen PH, Li MS. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Binds to Human Cells More Strongly than the Wild Type: Evidence from Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4669-4678. [PMID: 35723978 PMCID: PMC9235043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the variant of concern Omicron (B.1.1.529) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has aggravated the Covid-19 pandemic due to its very contagious ability. The high infection rate may be due to the high binding affinity of Omicron to human cells, but both experimental and computational studies have yielded conflicting results on this issue. Some studies have shown that the Omicron variant binds to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) more strongly than the wild type (WT), but other studies have reported comparable binding affinities. To shed light on this open problem, in this work, we calculated the binding free energy of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the WT and Omicron spike protein to hACE2 using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation and the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area method. We showed that Omicron binds to human cells more strongly than the WT due to increased RBD charge, which enhances electrostatic interaction with negatively charged hACE2. N440K, T478K, E484A, Q493R, and Q498R mutations in the RBD have been found to play a critical role in the stability of the RBD-hACE2 complex. The effect of homogeneous and heterogeneous models of glycans coating the viral RBD and the peptidyl domain of hACE2 was examined. Although the total binding free energy is not sensitive to the glycan model, the distribution of per-residue interaction energies depends on it. In addition, glycans have a little effect on the binding affinity of the WT RBD to hACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang
Linh Nguyen
- Life
Science Lab, Institute for Computational
Science and Technology, Quang Trung
Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
- Ho
Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quoc Thai
- Life
Science Lab, Institute for Computational
Science and Technology, Quang Trung
Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
- Dong
Thap University, 783 Pham Huu Lau Street, Ward 6, Cao Lanh
City, Dong Thap 8100, Vietnam
| | - Phuong H. Nguyen
- CNRS,
Universit́e de Paris, UPR9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Th́eorique,
Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, FondationEdmond
de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75006, France
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute
of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotnikow 32/46, Warsaw 02-668, Poland
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113
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Cervantes-Luevano K, Espino-Vazquez AN, Flores-Acosta G, Bernaldez-Sarabia J, Cabanillas-Bernal O, Gasperin-Bulbarela J, Gonzalez-Sanchez R, Comas-Garcia A, Licea-Navarro AF. Neutralizing antibodies levels are increased in individuals with heterologous vaccination and hybrid immunity with Ad5-nCoV in the north of Mexico. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269032. [PMID: 35749390 PMCID: PMC9231729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated efforts to stop the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) include massive immunization of the population at a global scale. The humoral immunity against COVID-19 is conferred by neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) that occur during the post-infection period and upon vaccination. Here, we provide robust data showing that potent neutralizing antibodies are induced in convalescent patients of SARS-CoV-2 infection who have been immunized with different types of vaccines, and patients with no previous history of COVID-19 immunized with a mixed vaccination schedule regardless of the previous infection. More importantly, we showed that a heterologous prime-boost in individuals with Ad5-nCoV (Cansino) vaccine induces higher NAbs levels in comparison to a single vaccination scheme alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Cervantes-Luevano
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education at Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Astrid N. Espino-Vazquez
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education at Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores-Acosta
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education at Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Johanna Bernaldez-Sarabia
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education at Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Olivia Cabanillas-Bernal
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education at Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Jahaziel Gasperin-Bulbarela
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education at Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gonzalez-Sanchez
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education at Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Andreu Comas-Garcia
- Facultad de Medicina y Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, UASLP, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Alexei F. Licea-Navarro
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education at Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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114
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On the caveats of a multiplex test for SARS-CoV-2 to detect seroconversion after infection or vaccination. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10366. [PMID: 35725758 PMCID: PMC9208546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in over 6 million reported deaths worldwide being one of the biggest challenges the world faces today. Here we present optimizations of all steps of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based test to detect IgG, IgA and IgM against the trimeric spike (S) protein, receptor binding domain (RBD), and N terminal domain of the nucleocapsid (N-NTD) protein of SARS-CoV-2. We discuss how to determine specific thresholds for antibody positivity and its limitations according to the antigen used. We applied the assay to a cohort of 126 individuals from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, consisting of 23 PCR-positive individuals and 103 individuals without a confirmed diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 infection. To illustrate the differences in serological responses to vaccinal immunization, we applied the test in 18 individuals from our cohort before and after receiving ChAdOx-1 nCoV-19 or CoronaVac vaccines. Taken together, our results show that the test can be customized at different stages depending on its application, enabling the user to analyze different cohorts, saving time, reagents, or samples. It is also a valuable tool for elucidating the immunological consequences of new viral strains and monitoring vaccination coverage and duration of response to different immunization regimens.
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115
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Matsabisa MG, Alexandre K, Ibeji CU, Tripathy S, Erukainure OL, Malatji K, Chauke S, Okole B, Chabalala HP. In vitro study on efficacy of PHELA, an African traditional drug against SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10305. [PMID: 35718800 PMCID: PMC9207029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, coronavirus has made the third apparition in the form of SARS-CoV-2, a novel strain of coronavirus that is extremely pathogenic and it uses the same receptor as SARS-CoV, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). However, more than 182 vaccine candidates have been announced; and 12 vaccines have been approved for use, although, even vaccinated individuals are still vulnerable to infection. In this study, we investigated PHELA, recognized as an herbal combination of four exotic African medicinal plants namely; Clerodendrum glabrum E. Mey. Lamiaceae, Gladiolus dalenii van Geel, Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.) Steane & Mabb, and Senna occidentalis (L.) Link; as a candidate therapy for COVID-19. In vitro testing found that PHELA inhibited > 90% of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection at concentration levels of 0.005 mg/ml to 0.03 mg/ml and close to 100% of MERS-CoV infection at 0.1 mg/ml to 0.6 mg/ml. The in vitro average IC50 of PHELA on SARS-COV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-COV were ~ 0.01 mg/ml. Secondly in silico docking studies of compounds identified in PHELA showed very strong binding energy interactions with the SARS-COV-2 proteins. Compound 5 showed the highest affinity for SARS-COV-2 protein compared to other compounds with the binding energy of − 6.8 kcal mol−1. Our data showed that PHELA has potential and could be developed as a COVID-19 therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Matsabisa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
| | - K Alexandre
- Synthetic Biology Centre, Next Generation Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.
| | - Collins U Ibeji
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - S Tripathy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - K Malatji
- Synthetic Biology Centre, Next Generation Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - S Chauke
- Synthetic Biology Centre, Next Generation Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - B Okole
- Advanced Agriculture and Food Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - H P Chabalala
- Department of Science and Innovation, Indigenous Knowledge-based Technology Innovations, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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116
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Guleken Z, Tuyji Tok Y, Jakubczyk P, Paja W, Pancerz K, Shpotyuk Y, Cebulski J, Depciuch J. Development of novel spectroscopic and machine learning methods for the measurement of periodic changes in COVID-19 antibody level. MEASUREMENT : JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL MEASUREMENT CONFEDERATION 2022; 196:111258. [PMID: 35493849 PMCID: PMC9040476 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2022.111258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this research, blood samples of 47 patients infected by COVID were analyzed. The samples were taken on the 1st, 3rd and 6th month after the detection of COVID infection. Total antibody levels were measured against the SARS-CoV-2 N antigen and surrogate virus neutralization by serological methods. To differentiate COVID patients with different antibody levels, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy methods were used. The spectroscopy data were analyzed by multivariate analysis, machine learning and neural network methods. It was shown, that analysis of serum using the above-mentioned spectroscopy methods allows to differentiate antibody levels between 1 and 6 months via spectral biomarkers of amides II and I. Moreover, multivariate analysis showed, that using Raman spectroscopy in the range between 1317 cm-1 and 1432 cm-1, 2840 cm-1 and 2956 cm-1 it is possible to distinguish patients after 1, 3, and 6 months from COVID with a sensitivity close to 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zozan Guleken
- Uskudar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Tuyji Tok
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Turkey
| | | | - Wiesław Paja
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pancerz
- Institute of Philosophy, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Joanna Depciuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Science, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
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117
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Zuin G, Araujo D, Ribeiro V, Seiler MG, Prieto WH, Pintão MC, dos Santos Lazari C, Granato CFH, Veloso A. Prediction of SARS-CoV-2-positivity from million-scale complete blood counts using machine learning. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:72. [PMID: 35721829 PMCID: PMC9199341 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a commonly used low-cost test that measures white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets in a person's blood. It is a useful tool to support medical decisions, as intrinsic variations of each analyte bring relevant insights regarding potential diseases. In this study, we aimed at developing machine learning models for COVID-19 diagnosis through CBCs, unlocking the predictive power of non-linear relationships between multiple blood analytes. Methods We collected 809,254 CBCs and 1,088,385 RT-PCR tests for SARS-Cov-2, of which 21% (234,466) were positive, from 900,220 unique individuals. To properly screen COVID-19, we also collected 120,807 CBCs of 16,940 individuals who tested positive for other respiratory viruses. We proposed an ensemble procedure that combines machine learning models for different respiratory infections and analyzed the results in both the first and second waves of COVID-19 cases in Brazil. Results We obtain a high-performance AUROC of 90 + % for validations in both scenarios. We show that models built solely of SARS-Cov-2 data are biased, performing poorly in the presence of infections due to other RNA respiratory viruses. Conclusions We demonstrate the potential of a novel machine learning approach for COVID-19 diagnosis based on a CBC and show that aggregating information about other respiratory diseases was essential to guarantee robustness in the results. Given its versatile nature, low cost, and speed, we believe that our tool can be particularly useful in a variety of scenarios-both during the pandemic and after.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianlucca Zuin
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CS Dept., Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Kunumi, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniella Araujo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CS Dept., Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Huna, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adriano Veloso
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CS Dept., Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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118
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Castellanos M, Somoza Á. Emerging clinically tested detection methods for COVID‐19. FEBS J 2022. [PMID: 35490403 PMCID: PMC9348311 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Anti-Spike Antibody Response to Natural Infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Its Activity against Emerging Variants. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0074322. [PMID: 35703556 PMCID: PMC9430469 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00743-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has substantially affected human health globally. Spike-specific antibody response plays a major role in protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we examined serological anti-spike antibody and memory B cell responses in adults with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Twenty-five adult patients were enrolled between January and September 2020, and 21 (84%) had a detectable spike-binding antibody response in serum on day 21 ± 8 (6 to 33) after the onset of illness. Among those with positive spike-binding antibody response, 19 (90%) had a positive hemagglutination titer and 15 (71%) had angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-blocking serological activities. Follow-up serum samples collected 11 ± 1 (7 to 15) months after infection exhibited an average of 2.6 ± 1.0 (1.0 to 3.5)-fold reduction in the spike-binding antibody response. Moreover, convalescent and follow-up serum samples showed 83 ± 82 (15 to 306)- and 165 ± 167 (12 to 456)-fold reductions in the neutralization activity against the Omicron variant, respectively. Upon acute infection, spike-specific memory B cell responses were elicited, with an average frequency of 1.3% ± 1.2% of peripheral B cells on day 19 ± 7 (6 to 33) after the onset of illness. IgM memory B cells were predominantly induced. Patients with fever and pneumonia showed significantly stronger spike-binding, ACE2-blocking antibody, and memory B cell responses. In conclusion, spike-specific antibody response elicited upon acute SARS-CoV-2 infection may wane over time and be compromised by the emergence of viral variants. IMPORTANCE As spike protein-specific antibody responses play a major role in protection against SARS-CoV-2, we examined spike-binding and ACE2-blocking antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection at different time points. We found robust responses following acute infection, which waned approximately 11 months after infection. Patients with fever and pneumonia showed significantly stronger spike-binding, ACE2-blocking antibody, and memory B cell responses. In particular, spike-specific antibody response in the convalescent and follow-up serum samples was substantially affected by emerging variants, especially Beta and Omicron variants. These results warrant continued surveillance of spike-specific antibody responses to natural infections and highlight the importance of maintaining functional anti-spike antibodies through immunization.
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120
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Hu Z, Yin Y, Wang K, Xu M, Ding C, Song Y, Yi C, Li J, Yi Y, Peng Z. Impact of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines on viral shedding in B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant-infected patients. SCIENCE CHINA LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2556-2559. [PMID: 35717433 PMCID: PMC9206421 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Hu
- Nanjing Infectious Disease Center, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yi Yin
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Miaomiao Xu
- Nanjing Infectious Disease Center, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Chengyuan Ding
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yan Song
- Nanjing Infectious Disease Center, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Changhua Yi
- Nanjing Infectious Disease Center, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Junwei Li
- Nanjing Infectious Disease Center, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Yongxiang Yi
- Nanjing Infectious Disease Center, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China.
| | - Zhihang Peng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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121
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Bhattacharya D. Instructing durable humoral immunity for COVID-19 and other vaccinable diseases. Immunity 2022; 55:945-964. [PMID: 35637104 PMCID: PMC9085459 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of SARS-CoV-2 have fully conformed with the principles established by decades of viral immunology research, ultimately leading to the crowning achievement of highly effective COVID-19 vaccines. Nonetheless, the pandemic has also exposed areas where our fundamental knowledge is thinner. Some key unknowns are the duration of humoral immunity post-primary infection or vaccination and how long booster shots confer protection. As a corollary, if protection does not last as long as desired, what are some ways it can be improved? Here, I discuss lessons from other infections and vaccines that point to several key features that influence durable antibody production and the perseverance of immunity. These include (1) the specific innate sensors that are initially triggered, (2) the kinetics of antigen delivery and persistence, (3) the starting B cell receptor (BCR) avidity and antigen valency, and (4) the memory B cell subsets that are recalled by boosters. I further highlight the fundamental B cell-intrinsic and B cell-extrinsic pathways that, if understood better, would provide a rational framework for vaccines to reliably provide durable immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepta Bhattacharya
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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122
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Shen H, Chen X, Zeng L, Xu X, Tao Y, Kang S, Lu Y, Lian M, Yang C, Zhu Z. Magnetofluid-Integrated Multicolor Immunochip for Visual Analysis of Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8458-8465. [PMID: 35658117 PMCID: PMC9211038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus has severely affected human health, life, and work. Vaccine immunization is considered to be an effective means to protect the body from infection. Therefore, timely analysis of the antibody level is helpful to identify people with low immune response or attenuated antibodies so as to carry out targeted and precise vaccine booster immunization. Herein, we develop a magnetofluid-integrated multicolor immunochip, as a sample-to-answer system in a fully enclosed space, for visual analysis of neutralizing antibodies of SARS-CoV-2. Generally, this chip adopts an innovative three-dimensional two-phase system that utilizes mineral oil to block the connection between reagent wells in the vertical direction and provides a wide interface for rapid and nondestructive shuttle of magnetic beads during the immunoassay. In order to obtain visualized signal output, gold nanorods with a size-dependent color effect are used as the colorful chromogenic substrates for evaluation of the antibody level. Using this chip, the neutralizing antibodies were successfully detected in vaccine-immunized volunteers with 83.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Furthermore, changes in antibody levels of the same individual over time were also reflected by the multicolor assay. Overall, benefiting from simple operation, airtight safety, and nonrequirement of external equipment, this platform can provide a new point-of-care testing strategy for alleviating the shortage of medical resources and promoting epidemic control in underdeveloped areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicong Shen
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xinying Chen
- Clinical
Laboratory, Xiamen University Hospital, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liuqing Zeng
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xing Xu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yingzhou Tao
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Siyin Kang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yinzhu Lu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mingjian Lian
- Clinical
Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji
Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University Shanghai, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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123
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Zeng J, Duarte PA, Ma Y, Savchenko O, Shoute L, Khaniani Y, Babiuk S, Zhuo R, Abdelrasoul GN, Charlton C, Kanji JN, Babiuk L, Edward C, Chen J. An impedimetric biosensor for COVID-19 serology test and modification of sensor performance via dielectrophoresis force. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 213:114476. [PMID: 35716642 PMCID: PMC9186431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significant global morbidity and mortality. The serology test that detects antibodies against the disease causative agent, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has often neglected value in supporting immunization policies and therapeutic decision-making. The ELISA-based antibody test is time-consuming and bulky. This work described a gold micro-interdigitated electrodes (IDE) biosensor for COVID antibody detection based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) responses. The IDE architecture allows easy surface modification with the viral structure protein, Spike (S) protein, in the gap of the electrode digits to selectively capture anti-S antibodies in buffer solutions or human sera. Two strategies were employed to resolve the low sensitivity issue of non-faradic impedimetric sensors and the sensor fouling phenomenon when using the serum. One uses secondary antibody-gold nanoparticle (AuNP) conjugates to further distinguish anti-S antibodies from the non-specific binding and obtain a more significant impedance change. The second strategy consists of increasing the concentration of target antibodies in the gap of IDEs by inducing an AC electrokinetic effect such as dielectrophoresis (DEP). AuNP and DEP methods reached a limit of detection of 200 ng/mL and 2 μg/mL, respectively using purified antibodies in buffer, while the DEP method achieved a faster testing time of only 30 min. Both strategies could qualitatively distinguish COVID-19 antibody-positive and -negative sera. Our work, especially the impedimetric detection of COVID-19 antibodies under the assistance of the DEP force presents a promising path toward rapid, point-of-care solutions for COVID-19 serology tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Pedro A Duarte
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Yuhao Ma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Oleksandra Savchenko
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Lian Shoute
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Yeganeh Khaniani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ran Zhuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Gaser N Abdelrasoul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Carmen Charlton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada; Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute for Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jamil N Kanji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada; Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lorne Babiuk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cole Edward
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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124
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Takamatsu Y, Omata K, Shimizu Y, Kinoshita-Iwamoto N, Terada M, Suzuki T, Morioka S, Uemura Y, Ohmagari N, Maeda K, Mitsuya H. SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing humoral IgA response occurs earlier but modest and diminishes faster compared to IgG response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.06.09.495422. [PMID: 35702154 PMCID: PMC9196114 DOI: 10.1101/2022.06.09.495422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a crucial role in the mucosal immunity for preventing the invasion of the exogenous antigens, however, little has been understood about the neutralizing activity of serum IgA. Here, to examine the role of IgA antibodies against COVID-19 illnesses, we determined the neutralizing activity of serum/plasma IgG and IgA purified from previously SARS-CoV-2-infected and COVID-19 mRNA-vaccine-receiving individuals. We found that serum/plasma IgA possesses substantial but rather modest neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 compared to IgG with no significant correlation with the disease severity. Neutralizing IgA and IgG antibodies achieved the greatest activity at approximately 25 and 35 days after symptom onset, respectively. However, neutralizing IgA activity quickly diminished and went down below the detection limit approximately 70 days after onset, while substantial IgG activity was observed till 200 days after onset. The total neutralizing activity in sera/plasmas of those with COVID-19 largely correlated with that in purified-IgG and purified-IgA and levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1-binding IgG and anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1-binding IgA. In individuals who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 but had no detectable neutralizing IgA activity, a single dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 elicited potent serum/plasma neutralizing IgA activity but the second dose did not further strengthen the neutralization antibody response. The present data show that the systemic immune stimulation with natural infection and COVID-19 mRNA-vaccines elicit both SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing IgG and IgA response in serum, but the IgA response is modest and diminishes faster compared to IgG response. Author Summary Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant type of antibody in the body mostly located on mucosal surfaces as a dimeric secretory IgA. Such secretory IgA plays an important role in preventing the adherence and invasions of foreign objects by its neutralizing activity, while monomeric serum IgA is thought to relate to the phagocytic immune system activation. Here, we report that individuals with the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) developed both systemic neutralizing IgG and IgA active against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the neutralizing IgA response was quick and reached the highest activity 25 days post-symptom-onset, compared to 35 days for IgG response, neutralizing IgA activity was modest and diminished faster than neutralizing IgG response. In individuals, who recovered from COVID-19 but had no detectable neutralizing IgA activity, a single dose of COVID-19 mRNA-vaccine elicited potent neutralizing IgA activity but the second dose did not further strengthen the antibody response. Our study provides novel insights into the role and the kinetics of serum IgA against the viral pathogen both in naturally-infected and COVID-19 mRNA-vaccine-receiving COVID-19-convalescent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute
| | - Kazumi Omata
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Yosuke Shimizu
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Noriko Kinoshita-Iwamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Mari Terada
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine;,Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Tetsuya Suzuki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Shinichiro Morioka
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Yukari Uemura
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute;,Experimental Retrovirology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health;,Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University School of Medicine
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Barros Ferreira N, Pereira H, Pereira AM, Azevedo LF, Santos M, Maranhão P, Correia R, Fonseca JA, Canedo P, da Costa Pereira A, Sousa-Pinto B. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and assessment of epidemiologic determinants in Portuguese municipal workers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2022; 35:297-307. [PMID: 35142298 PMCID: PMC10464733 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in municipal employees of Northern Portugal during the first pandemic wave (May-June 2020) and its association with potentially related risk factors for infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS The authors assessed municipal employees of 2 cities in Northern Portugal, in whom serological tests to SARS-CoV-2 and an epidemiological survey were applied. The authors assessed the proportion of individuals presenting IgM and/or IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, and evaluated the association between having positive serological test results, epidemiologic variables and clinical presentations. Reported symptoms were evaluated on their sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. RESULTS The authors assessed 1696 employees, of whom 22.0% were firefighters, 10.4% were police officers, 10.3% were maintenance workers, and 8.1% were administrative assistants. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 2.9% (95% CI: 2.1-3.7%). Administrative assistants comprised the professional group with highest seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 1.9 in the comparison with other occupational groups, 95% CI: 0.8-4.3, p = 0.126). The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among those who were in direct contact with COVID-19 patients in their professional activity was 3.9%, compared to 2.7% among those who were not in direct contact with such patients (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.8-2.8, p = 0.222). The highest risk of infection was associated with the presence of a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the household (OR = 17.4, 95% CI: 8.3-36.8, p < 0.001). Living with a healthcare professional was not associated with a higher risk of infection (OR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.4-2.5, p = 0.934). Anosmia/ dysgeusia was the symptom with the highest positive predictive value (52.2%, 95% CI: 31.8-72.6, p < 0.001) and specificity (99.3%, 95% CI: 98.9-99.7, p < 0.001), while cough was the most prevalent symptom among SARS-CoV-2 seropositive participants (36%). CONCLUSIONS The authors observed a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of 2.9% among assessed municipal employees. Anosmia/dysgeusia was the COVID-19 symptom which displayed the highest positive predictive value and specificity. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(3):297-307.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Pereira
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Faculty of Medicine)
| | - Ana Margarida Pereira
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine)
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Filipe Azevedo
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine)
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Santos
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine)
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - Priscila Maranhão
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine)
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Correia
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine)
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Almeida Fonseca
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine)
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Canedo
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology)
| | - Altamiro da Costa Pereira
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Faculty of Medicine)
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine)
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Sousa-Pinto
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Faculty of Medicine)
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine)
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine)
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Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and risk factors in the pandemic epicentre of Catalonia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9169. [PMID: 35654922 PMCID: PMC9163094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To define the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the municipality of Vilanova del Camí (in the region of Conca d'Ódena, Barcelona, Spain) and to know the risk factors associated with positive seroprevalence. Cross-sectional descriptive study. The population of Vilanova del Camí had the opportunity to voluntarily attend two screenings (October and December 2020) for antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 using a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) (Salocor (Salofa Oy). Participants in the screening signed an informed consent form. From the 3,610 attendees at the screening, 2,170 patients were randomly selected. The relationship between antibody test results and other demographic (sex, age, morbidity index) and clinical (diagnoses, smoking and drugs) variables was analysed. The prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 9.6% (95% CI of 8.4% to 10.9%) and was similar for men and women but increased with age. Among complex chronic patients, 14.3% had antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and among patients with advanced chronic disease, 25% had antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Age, AMG (Adjusted Morbidity Groups) index, COVID-19 diagnosis and contact with a COVID-19 case were risk factors for positive seroprevalence. A higher seroprevalence was detected in the October screening (12.16%) than in the December screening (8.38%). In the December screening, obesity was a risk factor for positive seroprevalence. This study demonstrates the high seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the pandemic epicentre of Catalonia.
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Wang P, Ni J, Chu YY, Chen QQ, Wu GC, Fang Y, Chen C, Zhang RD, Jiang LQ, Zhao Y, Fang X, He J, Wang DG, Wang GH, Pan HF. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and vaccination-related adverse events in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112997. [PMID: 35486976 PMCID: PMC9040458 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the seroreactivity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and its adverse events among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and healthy controls (HCs). Methods A total of 60 SLE patients, 70 RA patients and 35 HCs, who received a complete inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (Vero cells) regimen, were recruited in the current study. Serum IgG and IgM antibodies against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were determined by using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Results There were no significant differences regarding the seroprevalences of IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and the self-reported vaccination-related adverse events among SLE patients, RA patients and HCs. The inactivated COVID-19 vaccines appeared to be well-tolerated and moderately immunogenic. In addition, case-only analysis indicated that in SLE patients, the disease manifestation of rash and anti-SSA autoantibody were associated with seroprevalence of IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2, whereas the uses of ciclosporin and leflunomide had influence on the seroprevalence of IgM antibody against SARS-CoV-2. In RA patients, rheumatoid factor (RF) appeared to be associated with the seroprevalence of IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion Our study reveals that the seroprevalences of IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and vaccination-related adverse effects are similar among SLE, RA and HCs, suggesting that COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective for SLE and RA patients to prevent from the pandemic of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230016 Anhui, China
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230016, Anhui, China
| | - Ya-Ya Chu
- Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241002 Anhui, China
| | - Qing-Qing Chen
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fanhua Avenue, 12560 Hefei, China
| | - Guo-Cui Wu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 15 Feicui Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230016, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230016 Anhui, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230016, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230016 Anhui, China
| | - Ruo-Di Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230016, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230016 Anhui, China
| | - Ling-Qiong Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230016, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230016 Anhui, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230016, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230016 Anhui, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230016, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230016 Anhui, China
| | - Jun He
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fanhua Avenue, 12560 Hefei, China; Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Fanhua Avenue, 12560 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - De-Guang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Gui-Hong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Anqing Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, 352 Renmin Road, Anqing, Anhui 246004, China.
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230016, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230016 Anhui, China.
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Tut G, Lancaster T, Butler MS, Sylla P, Spalkova E, Bone D, Kaur N, Bentley C, Amin U, Jadir AT, Hulme S, Ayodel M, Dowell AC, Pearce H, Zuo J, Margielewska-Davies S, Verma K, Nicol S, Begum J, Jinks E, Tut E, Bruton R, Krutikov M, Shrotri M, Giddings R, Azmi B, Fuller C, Irwin-Singer A, Hayward A, Copas A, Shallcross L, Moss P. Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific and heterologous immune responses in vaccine-naïve residents of long-term care facilities who survive natural infection. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:536-547. [PMID: 37118449 PMCID: PMC10154219 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00224-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
We studied humoral and cellular immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 152 long-term care facility staff and 124 residents over a prospective 4-month period shortly after the first wave of infection in England. We show that residents of long-term care facilities developed high and stable levels of antibodies against spike protein and receptor-binding domain. Nucleocapsid-specific responses were also elevated but waned over time. Antibodies showed stable and equivalent levels of functional inhibition against spike-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding in all age groups with comparable activity against viral variants of concern. SARS-CoV-2 seropositive donors showed high levels of antibodies to other beta-coronaviruses but serostatus did not impact humoral immunity to influenza or other respiratory syncytial viruses. SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular responses were similar across all ages but virus-specific populations showed elevated levels of activation in older donors. Thus, survivors of SARS-CoV-2 infection show a robust and stable immunity against the virus that does not negatively impact responses to other seasonal viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Tut
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Tara Lancaster
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Megan S Butler
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Panagiota Sylla
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eliska Spalkova
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David Bone
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nayandeep Kaur
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher Bentley
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Umayr Amin
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Azar T Jadir
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samuel Hulme
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Morenike Ayodel
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexander C Dowell
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hayden Pearce
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jianmin Zuo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Kriti Verma
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samantha Nicol
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jusnara Begum
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Jinks
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Elif Tut
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel Bruton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Bhuiyan TR, Akhtar M, Khaton F, Rahman SIA, Ferdous J, Alamgir A, Rahman M, Kawser Z, Hasan I, Calderwood SB, Harris JB, Charles RC, LaRocque RC, Ryan ET, Banu S, Shirin T, Qadri F. Covishield vaccine induces robust immune responses in Bangladeshi adults. IJID REGIONS 2022; 3:211-217. [PMID: 35720155 PMCID: PMC9050186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
All participants became seropositive 2 months after receipt of the second dose of vaccine. Comparable antibody responses were observed in both males and females. Participants with previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection showed a robust antibody response. Similar antibody responses were observed in participants with and without comorbidities.
Objective To evaluate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibody responses after Covishield vaccination for 6 months after vaccination. Design SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the recombinant receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 in 381 adults given the Covishield vaccine at baseline (n=119), 1 month (n=126) and 2 months (n=75) after the first dose, 1 month after the second dose (n=161), and monthly for 3 additional months. Results Over 51% of participants were seropositive at baseline (before vaccination with Covishield), and almost all participants (159/161) became seropositive 1 month after the second dose. Antibody levels peaked 1 month after receipt of the second dose of vaccine, and decreased by 4 months after the first dose; the lowest responses were found 6 months after the first dose, although antibody responses and responder frequencies remained significantly higher compared with baseline (P<0.0001). Compared with younger participants, older participants had lower antibody responses 6 months after the first dose of vaccine (P<0.05). Participants who had previous SARS-CoV-2 infection showed robust higher antibody responses after vaccination. Conclusions These findings help to elucidate the longevity of vaccine-specific antibody responses following vaccination with Covishield, and provide information relevant to the planning of booster doses after the initial two doses of vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjahan Akhtar
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Khaton
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Jannatul Ferdous
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A.S.M. Alamgir
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zannat Kawser
- Institute of Developing Sciences and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Imrul Hasan
- Institute of Developing Sciences and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stephen Beaven Calderwood
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason B. Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richelle C. Charles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Regina C. LaRocque
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Thomas Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sayera Banu
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Shirin
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author: Address: Mucosal Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Tel.: +880 (0)2 2222 77001 10, Ext. 2431.
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Parshina EV, Zulkarnaev AB, Tolkach AD, Ivanov AV, Kislyy PN. Prevalence and Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in the Population of St. Petersburg, Russia. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2022; 12:206-213. [PMID: 35635641 PMCID: PMC9148942 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-022-00041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of seropositive status for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-IgA, -IgM, and -IgG; its dynamics in connection with restrictive measures during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic; and the quantitative dynamics of antibody levels in the population of St. Petersburg, Russia. Methods From May to November 2020, a retrospective analysis of Saint Petersburg State University Hospital laboratory database was performed. The database included 158,283 test results of 87,067 patients for SARS-CoV-2 detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody detection of SARS-CoV-2-IgA, -IgM, and -IgG. The dynamics of antibody level was assessed using R v.3.6.3. Results The introduction of a universal lockdown was effective in containing the spread of COVID-19. The proportion of seropositive patients gradually decreased; approximately 50% of these patients remained seropositive for IgM after 3–4 weeks; for IgG, by follow-up week 22; and for IgA, by week 12. The maximum decrease in IgG and IgA was observed 3–4 months and 2 months after the detection of the seropositive status, respectively. Conclusions The epidemiological study of post-infection immunity to COVID-19 demonstrates significant differences in the dynamics of IgA, IgM, and IgG seropositivity and in PCR test results over time, which is linked to the introduction of restrictive measures. Both the proportion of seropositive patients and the level of all antibodies decreased in terms of the dynamics, and only approximately half of these patients remained IgG-positive 6 months post-infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44197-022-00041-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Parshina
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, 154, Fontanka Emb., Saint-Petersburg, 198103, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexey B Zulkarnaev
- Surgical Department of Transplantology and Dialysis, M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, 61/2, Shchepkina Str., Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey D Tolkach
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, 154, Fontanka Emb., Saint-Petersburg, 198103, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V Ivanov
- Human Genetics Department, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, 154, Fontanka Emb., Saint-Petersburg, 198103, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel N Kislyy
- Polyclinic Department №4, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, 154, Fontanka Emb., Saint-Petersburg, 198103, Russian Federation
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Paschold L, Klee B, Gottschick C, Willscher E, Diexer S, Schultheiß C, Simnica D, Sedding D, Girndt M, Gekle M, Mikolajczyk R, Binder M. Rapid Hypermutation B Cell Trajectory Recruits Previously Primed B Cells Upon Third SARS-Cov-2 mRNA Vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:876306. [PMID: 35615365 PMCID: PMC9126551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.876306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic shows that vaccination strategies building on an ancestral viral strain need to be optimized for the control of potentially emerging viral variants. Therefore, aiming at strong B cell somatic hypermutation to increase antibody affinity to the ancestral strain - not only at high antibody titers - is a priority when utilizing vaccines that are not targeted at individual variants since high affinity may offer some flexibility to compensate for strain-individual mutations. Here, we developed a next-generation sequencing based SARS-CoV-2 B cell tracking protocol to rapidly determine the level of immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation at distinct points during the immunization period. The percentage of somatically hypermutated B cells in the SARS-CoV-2 specific repertoire was low after the primary vaccination series, evolved further over months and increased steeply after boosting. The third vaccination mobilized not only naïve, but also antigen-experienced B cell clones into further rapid somatic hypermutation trajectories indicating increased affinity. Together, the strongly mutated post-booster repertoires and antibodies deriving from this may explain why the third, but not the primary vaccination series, offers some protection against immune-escape variants such as Omicron B.1.1.529.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Paschold
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bianca Klee
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cornelia Gottschick
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Edith Willscher
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sophie Diexer
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christoph Schultheiß
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Donjete Simnica
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel Sedding
- Mid-German Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Peculiarities of Humoral Immunity Formation in Medical Institution Employees Recovered from or Vaccinated against COVID-19 in Irkutsk. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:54-58. [PMID: 35622255 PMCID: PMC9136556 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We performed a seroepidemiological survey of the level and structure of population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among employees of medical institution in the Irkutsk region during the COVID-19 pandemic. Seroprevalence assessment was organized from May 2020 to April 2021. The level of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was measured by ELISA. It was found that 139 (46%) of 299 examined workers were seropositive, including 50 (36%) vaccinated against COVID-19, 75 (54%) patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and 14 (10%) asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2. The results obtained should be taken into account when predicting the dynamics of the epidemic process and organizing preventive (antiepidemic) measures, including vaccination.
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Gittelman RM, Lavezzo E, Snyder TM, Zahid HJ, Carty CL, Elyanow R, Dalai S, Kirsch I, Baldo L, Manuto L, Franchin E, Del Vecchio C, Pacenti M, Boldrin C, Cattai M, Saluzzo F, Padoan A, Plebani M, Simeoni F, Bordini J, Lorè NI, Lazarević D, Cirillo DM, Ghia P, Toppo S, Carlson JM, Robins HS, Crisanti A, Tonon G. Longitudinal analysis of T cell receptor repertoires reveals shared patterns of antigen-specific response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e151849. [PMID: 35439174 PMCID: PMC9220833 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play a prominent role in orchestrating the immune response to viral diseases, but their role in the clinical presentation and subsequent immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains poorly understood. As part of a population-based survey of the municipality of Vo', Italy, conducted after the initial SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, we sampled the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of the population 2 months after the initial PCR survey and followed up positive cases 9 and 15 months later. At 2 months, we found that 97.0% (98 of 101) of cases had elevated levels of TCRs associated with SARS-CoV-2. T cell frequency (depth) was increased in individuals with more severe disease. Both depth and diversity (breadth) of the TCR repertoire were positively associated with neutralizing antibody titers, driven mostly by CD4+ T cells directed against spike protein. At the later time points, detection of these TCRs remained high, with 90.7% (78 of 96) and 86.2% (25 of 29) of individuals having detectable signal at 9 and 15 months, respectively. Forty-three individuals were vaccinated by month 15 and showed a significant increase in TCRs directed against spike protein. Taken together, these results demonstrate the central role of T cells in mounting an immune defense against SARS-CoV-2 that persists out to 15 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Lavezzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Sudeb Dalai
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ilan Kirsch
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lance Baldo
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laura Manuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Franchin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Monia Pacenti
- Azienda Ospedale Padova, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Boldrin
- Azienda Ospedale Padova, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Margherita Cattai
- Azienda Ospedale Padova, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Saluzzo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Padoan
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Jessica Bordini
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola I. Lorè
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniela M. Cirillo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- CRIBI Biotech Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Crisanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Center for Omics Sciences and
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Soleimanian S, Alyasin S, Sepahi N, Ghahramani Z, Kanannejad Z, Yaghobi R, Karimi MH. An Update on Protective Effectiveness of Immune Responses After Recovery From COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:884879. [PMID: 35669767 PMCID: PMC9163347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibits variable immunity responses among hosts based on symptom severity. Whether immunity in recovered individuals is effective for avoiding reinfection is poorly understood. Determination of immune memory status against SARS-CoV-2 helps identify reinfection risk and vaccine efficacy. Hence, after recovery from COVID-19, evaluation of protective effectiveness and durable immunity of prior disease could be significant. Recent reports described the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 -specific humoral and cellular responses for more than six months in convalescent SARS-CoV-2 individuals. Given the current evidence, NK cell subpopulations, especially the memory-like NK cell subset, indicate a significant role in determining COVID-19 severity. Still, the information on the long-term NK cell immunity conferred by SARS-CoV-2 infection is scant. The evidence from vaccine clinical trials and observational studies indicates that hybrid natural/vaccine immunity to SARS-CoV-2 seems to be notably potent protection. We suggested the combination of plasma therapy from recovered donors and vaccination could be effective. This focused review aims to update the current information regarding immune correlates of COVID-19 recovery to understand better the probability of reinfection in COVID-19 infected cases that may serve as guides for ongoing vaccine strategy improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeede Soleimanian
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soheila Alyasin
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Sepahi
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghahramani
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Kanannejad
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Chiu CH, Chang YH, Chang FY, Hung YJ, Liao CL, Chiu KC, Tsai PL, Chang TW, Yen LC. Humoral, Cellular and Cytokine Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants in COVID-19 Convalescent and Confirmed Patients With Different Disease Severities. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:862656. [PMID: 35656028 PMCID: PMC9152113 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.862656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 convalescent and confirmed patients, to explore the correlation between disease severity, humoral immunity, and cytokines/chemokines in confirmed patients, and to evaluate the ADE risk of SARS-CoV-2. Methods Anti-RBD IgG were quantified using an ELISA. Neutralization potency was measured using pseudovirus and real virus. Cellular immunity was measured using ELISpot. Cytokine/chemokine levels were detected using multiplex immunoassays. In vitro ADE assays were performed using Raji cells. Results One-month alpha convalescents exhibited spike-specific antibodies and T cells for alpha and delta variants. Notably, the RBD-specific IgG towards the delta variant decreased by 2.5-fold compared to the alpha variant. Besides, serum from individuals recently experienced COVID-19 showed suboptimal neutralizing activity against the delta and omicron variants. Humoral immune response, IL-6, IP-10 and MCP-1 levels were greater in patients with severe disease. Moreover, neither SARS-CoV-1 nor SARS-CoV-2 convalescent sera significantly enhanced SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection. Conclusions Significant resistance of the delta and omicron variants to the humoral immune response generated by individuals who recently experienced COVID-19. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation among disease severity, humoral immune response, and specific cytokines/chemokine levels. No evident ADE was observed for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsiang Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiu Chang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yee Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Len Liao
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chou Chiu
- Department of Family Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Wei Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Yen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Li-Chen Yen,
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Meyer B, Martinez-Murillo PA, Lemaitre B, Blanchard-Rohner G, Didierlaurent AM, Fontannaz P, Eugercios Manzanas C, Lambert PH, Loevy N, Kaiser L, Sartoretti J, Tougne C, Villard J, Huttner A, Siegrist CA, Eberhardt CS. Fitness of B-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 WT and Variants Up to One Year After Mild COVID-19 – A Comprehensive Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841009. [PMID: 35585978 PMCID: PMC9108245 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo comprehensively evaluate SARS-CoV-2 specific B-cell and antibody responses up to one year after mild COVID-19.MethodsIn 31 mildly symptomatic COVID-19 participants SARS-CoV-2-specific plasmablasts and antigen-specific memory B cells were measured by ELISpot. Binding antibodies directed against the proteins spike (S), domain S1, and nucleocapsid (N) were estimated using rIFA, ELISA, and commercially available assays, and avidity measured using thiocyanate washout. Neutralizing antibodies against variants of concern were measured using a surrogate-neutralization test.ResultsPlasmablast responses were assessed in all participants who gave sequential samples during the first two weeks after infection; they preceded the rise in antibodies and correlated with antibody titers measured at one month. S1 and N protein-specific IgG memory B-cell responses remained stable during the first year, whereas S1-specific IgA memory B-cell responses declined after 6 months. Antibody titers waned over time, whilst potent affinity maturation was observed for anti-RBD antibodies. Neutralizing antibodies against wild-type (WT) and variants decayed during the first 6 months but titers significantly increased for Alpha, Gamma and Delta between 6 months and one year. Therefore, near-similar titers were observed for WT and Alpha after one year, and only slightly lower antibody levels for the Delta variant compared to WT. Anti-RBD antibody responses correlated with the neutralizing antibody titers at all time points, however the predicted titers were 3-fold lower at one year compared to one month.ConclusionIn mild COVID-19, stable levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific memory B cells and antibodies neutralizing current variants of concern are observed up to one year post infection. Care should be taken when predicting neutralizing titers using commercial assays that measure binding antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Meyer
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christiane S. Eberhardt, ; Benjamin Meyer,
| | - Paola Andrea Martinez-Murillo
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lemaitre
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Pediatric Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud M. Didierlaurent
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Fontannaz
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Eugercios Manzanas
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Natasha Loevy
- Pediatric Platform for Clinical Research, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie Sartoretti
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Tougne
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Villard
- Immunology and Transplant Unit, Division of Nephology and Hypertension, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angela Huttner
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Research, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Pediatric Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S. Eberhardt
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christiane S. Eberhardt, ; Benjamin Meyer,
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Gruell H, Vanshylla K, Weber T, Barnes CO, Kreer C, Klein F. Antibody-Mediated Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2. Immunity 2022; 55:925-944. [PMID: 35623355 PMCID: PMC9118976 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies can block infection, clear pathogens, and are essential to provide long-term immunity. Since the onset of the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies have been comprehensively investigated and critical information on their development, function, and potential use to prevent and treat COVID-19 have been revealed. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 immune escape variants, humoral immunity is being challenged, and a detailed understanding of neutralizing antibodies is essential to guide vaccine design strategies as well as antibody-mediated therapies. In this review, we summarize some of the key findings on SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, with a focus on their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Gruell
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kanika Vanshylla
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Timm Weber
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher O Barnes
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Christoph Kreer
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Klein
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Diagnostic value of SARS-CoV-2 RDT-Ab with RT-PCR: Secondary data at Diponegoro National Hospital. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v1i1.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 rapid diagnostic test antibody (RDT-Ab) was most often used as an early detection tool for COVID-19 at the beginning of pandemic. Whereas the antibody response was formed in the second week after the onset of symptoms.Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of the SARS-CoV-2 RDT-Ab, including sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR), in patients at Diponegoro National Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia.Methods: Data subjects have been selected retrospectively using purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria (patients who had shortness of breath, pneumonia, suspected, possible, or confirmed COVID-19, and data on the results of the SARS-CoV-2 RDT-Ab IgM and/or IgG (Leccurate® SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Rapid Test Kit) with a valid RT-PCR as gold standard) and exclusion criteria (patients who only had one of either SARS-CoV-2 RDT-Ab or RT-PCR). Researchers analyzed the diagnostic value of SARS-CoV-2 RDT-Ab with RT-PCR which gave the possibility of true-positive, false-positive, true-negative, and false-negative results arranged in a 2x2 table. According to WHO, the diagnostic value is said to be good at least having a sensitivity value of 80% and specificity of 97%.Results: The diagnostic value of SARS-CoV-2 RDT-Ab with RT-PCR, which was evaluated from 1142 patients retrospectively, included IgM (Se 65.25%, Sp 89.51%, PPV 46.70%, NPV 94.81%, PLR 6.22, NLR 0.39), IgG (Se 58.16%, Sp 93.01%, PPV 53.95%, NPV 94.04%, PLR 8.32, NLR 0.45), IgM and IgG (Se 53.90%, Sp 94.21%, PPV 56.72%, NPV 93.55%, PLR 9.30, NLR 0.49), IgM and/or IgG (Se 69.50%, Sp 88.31%, PPV 45.58%, NPV 95.36%, PLR 5.95, NLR 0.35).Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 RDT-Ab (Leccurate® SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Rapid Test Kit) is not ideal to be used as a rapid diagnostic test for COVID-19.Keywords: COVID-19, Rapid diagnostic test, RT-PCR, SARS-CoV-2 antibody
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140
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Tolan NV, Sherman AC, Zhou G, Nabel KG, Desjardins M, Melanson S, Kanjilal S, Moheed S, Kupelian J, Kaufman RM, Ryan ET, LaRocque RC, Branda JA, Dighe AS, Abraham J, Baden LR, Charles RC, Turbett SE. The Effect of Vaccine Type and SARS-CoV-2 Lineage on Commercial SARS-CoV-2 Serologic and Pseudotype Neutralization Assays in mRNA Vaccine Recipients. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0021122. [PMID: 35311584 PMCID: PMC9045317 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00211-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of anti-spike (S) serologic assays as surrogate measurements of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induced immunity will be an important clinical and epidemiological tool. The characteristics of a commercially available anti-S antibody assay (Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S) were evaluated in a cohort of vaccine recipients. Levels were correlated with pseudotype neutralizing antibodies (NAb) across SARS-CoV-2 variants. We recruited adults receiving a two-dose series of mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 and collected serum at scheduled intervals up to 8 months post-first vaccination. Anti-S and NAb levels were measured, and correlation was evaluated by (i) vaccine type and (ii) SARS-CoV-2 variant (wild-type, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and three constructs Day 146*, Day 152*, and RBM-2). Forty-six mRNA vaccine recipients were enrolled. mRNA-1273 vaccine recipients had higher peak anti-S and NAb levels compared with BNT162b2 (P < 0.001 for anti-S levels; P < 0.05 for NAb levels). When anti-S and NAb levels were compared, there was good correlation (all r values ≥ 0.85) in both BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine recipients across all evaluated variants; however, these correlations were nonlinear in nature. Lower correlation was identified between anti-S and NAb for the Beta variant (r = 0.88) compared with the wild-type (WT) strain (r = 0.94). Finally, the degree of neutralizing activity at any given anti-S level was lower for each variant compared with that of the WT strain, (P < 0.001). Although the Roche anti-S assay correlates well with NAb levels, this association is affected by vaccine type and SARS-CoV-2 variant. These variables must be considered when interpreting anti-S levels. IMPORTANCE We evaluated anti-spike antibody concentrations in healthy mRNA vaccinated individuals and compared these concentrations to values obtained from pseudotype neutralization assays targeting SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern to determine how well anti-spike antibodies correlate with neutralizing titers, which have been used as a marker of immunity from COVID-19 infection. We found high peak anti-spike concentrations in these individuals, with significantly higher levels seen in mRNA-1273 vaccine recipients. When we compared anti-spike and pseudotype neuralization titers, we identified good correlation; however, this correlation was affected by both vaccine type and variant, illustrating the difficulty of applying a "one size fits all" approach to anti-spike result interpretation. Our results support CDC recommendations to discourage anti-spike antibody testing to assess for immunity after vaccination and cautions providers in their interpretations of these results as a surrogate of protection in COVID-vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole V. Tolan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy C. Sherman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guohai Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Michaël Desjardins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stacy Melanson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanjat Kanjilal
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Serina Moheed
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Kupelian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard M. Kaufman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward T. Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Regina C. LaRocque
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John A. Branda
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anand S. Dighe
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lindsey R. Baden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richelle C. Charles
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah E. Turbett
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Chansaenroj J, Yorsaeng R, Puenpa J, Wanlapakorn N, Chirathaworn C, Sudhinaraset N, Sripramote M, Chalongviriyalert P, Jirajariyavej S, Kiatpanabhikul P, Saiyarin J, Soudon C, Thienfaidee O, Ayuthaya TPN, Brukesawan C, Intharasongkroh D, Chaiwanichsiri D, Issarasongkhram M, Kitphati R, Mungaomklang A, Thitithanyanont A, Nagavajara P, Poovorawan Y. Long-term persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific and neutralizing antibodies in recovered COVID-19 patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267102. [PMID: 35446889 PMCID: PMC9022880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding antibody responses after natural severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can guide the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine schedule, especially in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, including anti-spike protein 1 (S1) immunoglobulin (Ig)G, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) total Ig, anti-S1 IgA, and neutralizing antibody against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 over time in a cohort of patients who were previously infected with the wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Between March and May 2020, 531 individuals with virologically confirmed cases of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled in our immunological study. Blood samples were collected at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months post symptom onset or detection of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR (in asymptomatic individuals). The neutralizing titers against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 95.2%, 86.7%, 85.0%, and 85.4% of recovered COVID-19 patients at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after symptom onset, respectively. The seropositivity rate of anti-S1 IgG, anti-RBD total Ig, anti-S1 IgA, and neutralizing titers remained at 68.6%, 89.6%, 77.1%, and 85.4%, respectively, at 12 months after symptom onset. We observed a high level of correlation between neutralizing and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific antibody titers. The half-life of neutralizing titers was estimated at 100.7 days (95% confidence interval = 44.5–327.4 days, R2 = 0.106). These results support that the decline in serum antibody levels over time in both participants with severe disease and mild disease were depended on the symptom severity, and the individuals with high IgG antibody titers experienced a significantly longer persistence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses than those with lower titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jira Chansaenroj
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Puenpa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nasamon Wanlapakorn
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chintana Chirathaworn
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Sudhinaraset
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manit Sripramote
- Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Supunee Jirajariyavej
- Taksin Hospital, Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phatharaporn Kiatpanabhikul
- Medical Service Department, Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Saiyarin
- Medical Service Department, Klang General Hospital, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chulikorn Soudon
- Medical Service Department, Sirindhorn Hospital, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orawan Thienfaidee
- Medical Service Department, Ratchaphiphat Hospital, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chantapat Brukesawan
- Health Department, Public Health Center 26, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Mila Issarasongkhram
- Department of Disease Control, Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungrueng Kitphati
- Department of Disease Control, Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anek Mungaomklang
- Department of Disease Control, Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Pijaya Nagavajara
- Office of the Permanent Secretary for the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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142
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Wang Z, Yang X, Mei X, Zhou Y, Tang Z, Li G, Zhong J, Yu M, Huang M, Su X, Lin B, Cao P, Yang J, Ran P. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 + T cells are associated with long-term persistence of neutralizing antibodies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:132. [PMID: 35461307 PMCID: PMC9034077 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the decay and maintenance of long-term SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in infected or vaccinated people and how vaccines protect against other SARS-CoV-2 variants is critical for assessing public vaccination plans. Here, we measured different plasm antibody levels 2 and 12 months after disease onset, including anti-RBD, anti-N, total neutralizing antibodies, and two neutralizing-antibody clusters. We found that total neutralizing antibodies declined more slowly than total anti-RBD and anti-N IgG, and the two neutralizing-antibody clusters decayed even more slowly than total neutralizing antibodies. Interestingly, the level of neutralizing antibodies at 12 months after disease onset was significantly lower than that at 2 months but more broadly neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Lambda (C.37). Significant immune escape by the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) was also observed 2 months post-recovery. Furthermore, we revealed that a high percentage of virus-specific CD4+ T cells and cTfh1 were associated with a slower decline in humoral immunity, accompanied by higher levels of CXCR3 ligands such as CXCL9 and CXCL10, higher frequency of cTfh1, and lower levels of cTfh2 and cTfh17. Our data highlight the importance of coordinating T-cell and humoral immunity to achieve long-term protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tang
- The Second People's Hospital of Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Guichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Su
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bijia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengxing Cao
- School of mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ji Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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143
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Chen F, Zhong Y, Li J, Luo J. Dynamic changes of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG among population vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:1-17. [PMID: 35392994 PMCID: PMC9050050 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the dynamic changes of antibody levels in different groups after inoculation with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. The 1493 subjects who were tested for IgM and IgG against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at Qionglai Medical Center Hospital from June to October in 2021 were accepted for analyses of geometric mean titre (GMT) of IgG and IgM. The overall GMT of IgM and IgG in the population of Qionglai reached at a peak value at 1.497 (+3.810, −3.810) S/CO and 4.048 (+2.059, −2.059) S/CO in the second week, and then gradually decreased to 0.114 (+2.707, −2.707) and 1.885 (+1.506, −1.506) S/CO in the 11th–25th weeks, respectively. IgG was positive within 1 day, after that GMT increased continuously and peaked on the 13th day. There was a significant difference between male and female groups for titre of IgM during the prior 2 weeks and among three age groups for titre of IgG during the 2nd–3rd week after vaccination. The GMT level of IgG in the population vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine remained at a high level within 25 weeks and peaked on the 13th day, indicating that IgG could exist for a longer period and exhibiting positive SARS-CoV-2- defending effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center Hospital of Qionglai City, Chengdu 611530, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center Hospital of Qionglai City, Chengdu 611530, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiazhao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qionglai Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu 611530, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianrong Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center Hospital of Qionglai City, Chengdu 611530, Sichuan, China
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144
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Labropoulou S, Vassilaki N, Milona RS, Terpos E, Politou M, Pappa V, Pagoni M, Grouzi E, Dimopoulos MA, Mentis A, Emmanouil M, Angelakis E. Characterizing Kinetics and Avidity of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Greek Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:758. [PMID: 35458488 PMCID: PMC9024518 DOI: 10.3390/v14040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In-depth understanding of the immune response provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary, as there is a great risk of reinfection and a difficulty in achieving herd immunity due to a decline in both antibody concentration and avidity. Avidity testing, however, could overcome variability in the immune response associated with sex or clinical symptoms, and thus differentiate between recent and past infections. In this context, here, we analyzed SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics and avidity in Greek hospitalized (26%) and non-hospitalized (74%) COVID-19 patients (N = 71) in the course of up to 15 months after their infection to improve the accuracy of the serological diagnosis in dating the onset of the infection. The results showed that IgG-S1 levels decline significantly at four months (p = 0.0239) in both groups of patients and are higher in hospitalized ones (up to 2.1-fold, p < 0.001). Additionally, hospitalized patients’ titers drop greatly and are equalized to non-hospitalized ones only at a time-point of twelve to fifteen months. Antibody levels of women in total remain more stable months after infection, compared to men. Furthermore, we examined the differential maturation of IgG avidity after SARS-CoV-2 infection, showing an incomplete maturation of avidity that results in a plateau at four months after infection. We also defined 38.2% avidity (sensitivity: 58.9%, specificity: 90.91%) as an appropriate “cut-off” that could be used to determine the stage of infection before avidity reaches a plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Labropoulou
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Raphaela S. Milona
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Marianna Politou
- Hematology Laboratory Blood Bank, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Hematology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Pagoni
- BMT Unit, Department of Hematology and Lymphomas, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Elisavet Grouzi
- Department of Transfusion Service and Clinical Hemostasis, “Saint Savvas” Oncology Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece;
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Andreas Mentis
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Mary Emmanouil
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Emmanouil Angelakis
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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145
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Qaseem A, Yost J, Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I, Forciea MA, Abraham GM, Miller MC, Obley AJ, Humphrey LL, Akl EA, Andrews R, Dunn A, Haeme R, Kansagara DL, Tschanz MP. What Is the Antibody Response and Role in Conferring Natural Immunity After SARS-CoV-2 Infection? Rapid, Living Practice Points From the American College of Physicians (Version 2). Ann Intern Med 2022; 175:556-565. [PMID: 35073153 PMCID: PMC8803138 DOI: 10.7326/m21-3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DESCRIPTION The Scientific Medical Policy Committee (SMPC) of the American College of Physicians (ACP) developed these living, rapid practice points to summarize the current best available evidence on the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2. This is version 2 of the ACP practice points, which serves to update version 1, published on 16 March 2021. These practice points do not evaluate vaccine-acquired immunity or cellular immunity. METHODS The SMPC developed this version of the living, rapid practice points based on an updated living, rapid, systematic review conducted by the Portland VA Research Foundation and funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. PRACTICE POINT 1 Do not use SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PRACTICE POINT 2 Do not use SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests to predict the degree or duration of natural immunity conferred by antibodies against reinfection, including natural immunity against different variants. RETIREMENT FROM LIVING STATUS Although natural immunity remains a topic of scientific interest, this topic is being retired from living status given the availability of effective vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 and widespread recommendations for and prevalence of their use. Currently, vaccination is the best clinical recommendation for preventing infection, reinfection, and serious illness from SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Qaseem
- American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.Q., I.E.)
| | - Jennifer Yost
- American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, and Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania (J.Y.)
| | | | | | - George M Abraham
- University of Massachusetts Medical School/Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts (G.M.A.)
| | | | - Adam J Obley
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (A.J.O., L.L.H.)
| | - Linda L Humphrey
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (A.J.O., L.L.H.)
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146
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Kaygusuz S, Korukluoğlu G, Coşgun Y, Şahin Ö, Arslan F. INVESTIGATION AND LONG-TERM MONITORING OF THE PRESENCE OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 DISEASE OF DIFFERENT CLINICAL SEVERITY. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3596-3604. [PMID: 35365870 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding the immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical to public health policy and vaccine development and prevention of reinfections for COVID-19. It is important to know the neutralizing capacity of antibodies and to monitor their persistence. METHODS Patients with Covid-19 were divided into four groups (severe-critical, moderate, mild and asymptomatic) according to their clinical severity. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike viral surface protein were investigated by ELISA method 3 months and 9 months after the onset of the disease. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) response was evaluated by microneutralization test. Patients who received at least two doses of COVID-19 vaccine after illness were enrolled. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 IgG and NAb titers were shown to be strongly correlated with disease severity. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralizing antibody levels were found to be compatible with each other. After 9 months of follow-up, both IgG and NA levels continued unabated in individuals who had the disease. In individuals who received at least two doses of the vaccine, these levels increased, except for severe-critical patients. CONCLUSIONS High levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG are indicative, as it is difficult to investigate NAb in routine laboratories. At the same time, it can be predicted that this period may be much longer if it continues for at least 9 months and is reinforced with vaccination. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Kaygusuz
- Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infection Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Gülay Korukluoğlu
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, National Virology Reference Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Coşgun
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, National Virology Reference Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ömer Şahin
- Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infection Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Arslan
- Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infection Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Kirikkale, Turkey
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147
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SARS-CoV-2 IgM testing for travellers: a private pathology perspective from New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Pathology 2022; 54:501-503. [PMID: 35440367 PMCID: PMC9012948 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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148
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Matsumoto S, Nagai M, Luong DAD, Nguyen HDT, Nguyen DT, Van Dinh T, Van Tran G, Tanuma J, Pham TN, Oka S. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and the Impact of COVID-19 on the HIV Care Continuum, Economic Security, Risky Health Behaviors, and Mental Health Among HIV-Infected Individuals in Vietnam. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:1095-1109. [PMID: 34570314 PMCID: PMC8475817 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated social responses may uniquely affect people living with HIV (PLHIV). SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing and a cross-sectional survey on COVID-19's socio-behavioral impacts were conducted among a large PLHIV cohort in Hanoi, Vietnam. We examined anonymous antibody test results for 1243 PLHIV (99.8%) from whom plasma was obtained and completed surveys were collected in June/July 2020, just after the end of the first COVID-19 outbreak and nationwide lockdown. Three participants (0.2%) tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. HIV treatment was generally maintained without antiretroviral therapy interruption, but COVID-19 had substantial impacts on economic security and risky health behaviors among PLHIV, which may have amplified psychological stress. These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of COVID-19's impacts on PLHIV and for efforts to mitigate these impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Matsumoto
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Moeko Nagai
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Dieu An Dang Luong
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Giang Van Tran
- National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Junko Tanuma
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Oka
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
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149
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Rabiu Abubakar A, Ahmad R, Rowaiye AB, Rahman S, Iskandar K, Dutta S, Oli AN, Dhingra S, Tor MA, Etando A, Kumar S, Irfan M, Gowere M, Chowdhury K, Akter F, Jahan D, Schellack N, Haque M. Targeting Specific Checkpoints in the Management of SARS-CoV-2 Induced Cytokine Storm. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040478. [PMID: 35454970 PMCID: PMC9031737 DOI: 10.3390/life12040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19-infected patients require an intact immune system to suppress viral replication and prevent complications. However, the complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection that led to death were linked to the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines known as cytokine storm syndrome. This article reported the various checkpoints targeted to manage the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm. The literature search was carried out using PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Journal articles that discussed SARS-CoV-2 infection and cytokine storm were retrieved and appraised. Specific checkpoints identified in managing SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm include a decrease in the level of Nod-Like Receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome where drugs such as quercetin and anakinra were effective. Janus kinase-2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (JAK2/STAT1) signaling pathways were blocked by medicines such as tocilizumab, baricitinib, and quercetin. In addition, inhibition of interleukin (IL)-6 with dexamethasone, tocilizumab, and sarilumab effectively treats cytokine storm and significantly reduces mortality caused by COVID-19. Blockade of IL-1 with drugs such as canakinumab and anakinra, and inhibition of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) with zanubrutinib and ibrutinib was also beneficial. These agents' overall mechanisms of action involve a decrease in circulating proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines and or blockade of their receptors. Consequently, the actions of these drugs significantly improve respiration and raise lymphocyte count and PaO2/FiO2 ratio. Targeting cytokine storms' pathogenesis genetic and molecular apparatus will substantially enhance lung function and reduce mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Rabiu Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, PMB 3452, Kano 700233, Nigeria;
| | - Rahnuma Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
| | | | - Sayeeda Rahman
- School of Medicine, American University of Integrative Sciences, Bridgetown BB11114, Barbados;
| | - Katia Iskandar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon;
| | - Siddhartha Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot 360001, Gujrat, India;
| | - Angus Nnamdi Oli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka 420110, Nigeria;
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur 844102, Bihar, India;
| | - Maryam Abba Tor
- Department of Health and Biosciences, University of East London, University Way, London E16 2RD, UK;
| | - Ayukafangha Etando
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eswatini Medical Christian University, P.O. Box A624 Swazi Plaza Mbabane, Mbabane H101, Hhohho, Eswatini;
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, 907/A, Adalaj Uvarsad Road, Gandhinagar 382422, Gujarat, India;
| | - Mohammed Irfan
- Department of Forensics, Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro, 1-Centro, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil;
| | - Marshall Gowere
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Prinshof Campus, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0083, South Africa; (M.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Kona Chowdhury
- Department of Paediatrics, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh;
| | - Farhana Akter
- Department of Endocrinology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram 4203, Bangladesh;
| | - Dilshad Jahan
- Department of Hematology, Asgar Ali Hospital, 111/1/A Distillery Road, Gandaria Beside Dhupkhola, Dhaka 1204, Bangladesh;
| | - Natalie Schellack
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Prinshof Campus, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0083, South Africa; (M.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defense Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defense University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or
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Shafqat A, Shafqat S, Salameh SA, Kashir J, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Mechanistic Insights Into the Immune Pathophysiology of COVID-19; An In-Depth Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835104. [PMID: 35401519 PMCID: PMC8989408 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus-19 (COVID-19), has caused significant morbidity and mortality globally. In addition to the respiratory manifestations seen in severe cases, multi-organ pathologies also occur, making management a much-debated issue. In addition, the emergence of new variants can potentially render vaccines with a relatively limited utility. Many investigators have attempted to elucidate the precise pathophysiological mechanisms causing COVID-19 respiratory and systemic disease. Spillover of lung-derived cytokines causing a cytokine storm is considered the cause of systemic disease. However, recent studies have provided contradictory evidence, whereby the extent of cytokine storm is insufficient to cause severe illness. These issues are highly relevant, as management approaches considering COVID-19 a classic form of acute respiratory distress syndrome with a cytokine storm could translate to unfounded clinical decisions, detrimental to patient trajectory. Additionally, the precise immune cell signatures that characterize disease of varying severity remain contentious. We provide an up-to-date review on the immune dysregulation caused by COVID-19 and highlight pertinent discussions in the scientific community. The response from the scientific community has been unprecedented regarding the development of highly effective vaccines and cutting-edge research on novel therapies. We hope that this review furthers the conversations held by scientists and informs the aims of future research projects, which will potentially further our understanding of COVID-19 and its immune pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Junaid Kashir
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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