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Guo J, Ni BJ, Han X, Chen X, Bond P, Peng Y, Yuan Z. Unraveling microbial structure and diversity of activated sludge in a full-scale simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal plant using metagenomic sequencing. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 102:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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102
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Rubio-Rincón FJ, Welles L, Lopez-Vazquez CM, Nierychlo M, Abbas B, Geleijnse M, Nielsen PH, van Loosdrecht MCM, Brdjanovic D. Long-term effects of sulphide on the enhanced biological removal of phosphorus: The symbiotic role of Thiothrix caldifontis. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 116:53-64. [PMID: 28314208 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thiothrix caldifontis was the dominant microorganism (with an estimated bio-volume of 65 ± 3%) in a lab-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system containing 100 mg of sulphide per litre in the influent. After a gradual exposure to the presence of sulphide, the EBPR system initially dominated by Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis Clade I (98 ± 3% bio-volume) (a known polyphosphate accumulating organism, PAO) became enriched with T. caldifontis. Throughout the different operating conditions studied, practically 100% phosphate removal was always achieved. The gradual increase of the sulphide content in the medium (added to the anaerobic stage of the alternating anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor) and the adjustment of the aerobic hydraulic retention time played a major role in the enrichment of T. caldifontis. T. caldifontis exhibited a mixotrophic metabolism by storing carbon anaerobically as poly-β-hydroxy-alkanoates (PHA) and generating the required energy through the hydrolysis of polyphosphate. PHA was used in the aerobic period as carbon and energy source for growth, polyphosphate, and glycogen formation. Apparently, extra energy was obtained by the initial accumulation of sulphide as an intracellular sulphur, followed by its gradual oxidation to sulphate. The culture enriched with T. caldifontis was able to store approximately 100 mg P/g VSS. This research suggests that T. caldifontis could behave like PAO with a mixotrophic metabolism for phosphorus removal using an intracellular sulphur pool as energy source. These findings can be of major interest for the biological removal of phosphorus from wastewaters with low organic carbon concentrations containing reduced S-compounds like those (pre-)treated in anaerobic systems or from anaerobic sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Rubio-Rincón
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - L Welles
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - C M Lopez-Vazquez
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - M Nierychlo
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - B Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M Geleijnse
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - P H Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - M C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - D Brdjanovic
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
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103
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Filamentous bulking caused by Thiothrix species is efficiently controlled in full-scale wastewater treatment plants by implementing a sludge densification strategy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1430. [PMID: 28469147 PMCID: PMC5431194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous bulking caused by Thiothrix species is responsible for sludge washout and loss of performance in dairy wastewater treatment plants. A long-term study was conducted over 1.5 years to test three different mitigation strategies in a full-scale plant composed of two parallel sequential batch reactors (SBR1 and 2). Strategies based on polyaluminium chloride addition and volatile fatty acids reduction were ineffective to permanently solve the problem. On the contrary, modification of the reactor cycle based on the implementation of a periodic starvation proved efficient to solve the biomass wash-out and drastically reduce the sludge volume index in both reactors. Bacterial diversity analysis using 16S amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR indicated a reduction of Thiothrix abundance from 51.9 to 1.0% in SBR1 and from 71.8 to 0.6% in SBR2. Simultaneously, the abundance of the glycogen-accumulating bacterium Candidatus Competibacter increased in both reactors. Microscopy analysis confirmed the transition between a bulking sludge towards a granular-like sludge. This study confirms the applicability of a periodic starvation to (1) solve recurring Thiothrix bulking, (2) convert loose aggregates into dense and compact granular-like structures and (3) considerably reduce energy demand for aeration.
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104
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Zafiriadis I, Kapagiannidis AG, Ntougias S, Aivasidis A. Inhibition of the respiratory chain reactions in denitrifying EBPR biomass under simultaneous presence of acetate and electron acceptor. N Biotechnol 2017; 36:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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105
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Shen N, Chen Y, Zhou Y. Multi-cycle operation of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) with different carbon sources under high temperature. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 114:308-315. [PMID: 28259067 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Many studies reported that it is challenging to apply enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process at high temperature. Glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) could easily gain their dominance over poly-phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) when the operating temperature was in the range of 25 °C-30 °C. However, a few successful EBPR processes operated at high temperature have been reported recently. This study aimed to have an in-depth understanding on the impact of feeding strategy and carbon source types on EBPR performance in tropical climate. P-removal performance of two EBPR systems was monitored through tracking effluent quality and cyclic studies. The results confirmed that EBPR was successfully obtained and maintained at high temperature with a multi-cycle strategy. More stable performance was observed with acetate as the sole carbon source compared to propionate. Stoichiometric ratios of phosphorus and carbon transformation during both anaerobic and aerobic phases were higher at high temperature than low temperature (20±1 °C) except anaerobic PHA/C ratios within most of the sub-cycles. Furthermore, the fractions of PHA and glycogen in biomass were lower compared with one-cycle pulse feed operation. The microbial community structure was more stable in acetate-fed sequencing batch reactor (C2-SBR) than that in propionate-fed reactor (C3-SBR). Accumulibacter Clade IIC was found to be highly abundant in both reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shen
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yun Chen
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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106
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Stokholm-Bjerregaard M, McIlroy SJ, Nierychlo M, Karst SM, Albertsen M, Nielsen PH. A Critical Assessment of the Microorganisms Proposed to be Important to Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal in Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Systems. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:718. [PMID: 28496434 PMCID: PMC5406452 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the microbiology of phosphorus (P) removal is considered essential to knowledge-based optimization of enhanced biological P removal (EBPR) systems. Biological P removal is achieved in these systems by promoting the growth of organisms collectively known as the polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). Also considered important to EBPR are the glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), which are theorized to compete with the PAOs for resources at the expense of P removal efficiency. Numerous studies have sought to identify the PAOs and their GAOs competitors, with several candidates proposed for each over the last few decades. The current study collectively assessed the abundance and diversity of all proposed PAOs and GAOs in 18 Danish full-scale wastewater treatment plants with well-working biological nutrient removal over a period of 9 years using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The microbial community structure in all plants was relatively stable over time. Evidence for the role of the proposed PAOs and GAOs in EBPR varies and is critically assessed, in light of their calculated amplicon abundances, to indicate which of these are important in full-scale systems. Bacteria from the genus Tetrasphaera were the most abundant of the PAOs. The “Candidatus Accumulibacter” PAOs were in much lower abundance and appear to be biased by the amplicon-based method applied. The genera Dechloromonas, Microlunatus, and Tessaracoccus were identified as abundant putative PAO that require further research attention. Interestingly, the actinobacterial Micropruina and sbr-gs28 phylotypes were among the most abundant of the putative GAOs. Members of the genera Defluviicoccus, Propionivibrio, the family Competibacteraceae, and the spb280 group were also relatively abundant in some plants. Despite observed high abundances of GAOs (periodically exceeding 20% of the amplicon reads), P removal performance was maintained, indicating that these organisms were not outcompeting the PAOs in these EBPR systems. Phylogenetic diversity within each of the PAOs and GAOs genera was observed, which is consistent with reported metabolic diversity for these. Whether or not key traits can be assigned to sub-genus level clades requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Stokholm-Bjerregaard
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon J McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Marta Nierychlo
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren M Karst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Per H Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
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107
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Cokro AA, Law Y, Williams RBH, Cao Y, Nielsen PH, Wuertz S. Non-denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms obviate requirement for anaerobic condition. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 111:393-403. [PMID: 28110143 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a widely used process in wastewater treatment that requires anaerobic/aerobic or anaerobic/anoxic cycling. Surprisingly, phosphorus (P) release was observed in the presence of nitrate in the anoxic compartment of the activated sludge tank in a full-scale treatment plant with the Modified Ludzack Ettinger configuration. We therefore studied the potential of this full-scale activated sludge community to perform EBPR under anoxic/aerobic cycling. The polyphosphate accumulating organism (PAO) Candidatus Accumulibacter represented 3.3% of total bacteria based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and metagenome analysis suggested it was likely to be dominated by Clade IIC. Using acetate as the carbon source in batch experiments, active denitrifying organisms (DPAOs) were estimated to comprise 39-44% of the total PAO population in the sludge, with the remaining 56-61% unable to utilize nitrate. When propionate was provided as the organic carbon source, 95% of the PAO population was unable to denitrify. EBPR occurred under defined anoxic/aerobic conditions, despite the presence of DPAOs, when synthetic wastewater was supplemented with either acetate or propionate or when primary effluent was supplied. In addition, the P release and subsequent uptake rates under anoxic/aerobic conditions were comparable to those observed under anaerobic/aerobic conditions. In contrast, a significant reduction in P release rate was observed when acetate was provided under oxic conditions. We postulate that non-DPAOs that recognize the anoxic condition as pseudo-anaerobic were the key players in anoxic/aerobic EBPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anisa Cokro
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yingyu Law
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Rohan B H Williams
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Yeshi Cao
- Public Utilities Board, 40 Scotts Road, Environment Building, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Per H Nielsen
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Centre for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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108
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Li L, Pagilla KR. Biomass density-function relationships in suspended growth biological processes - A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 111:274-287. [PMID: 28104515 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Good settling performance in suspended growth biomass systems, for example in activated sludge (AS) process, leads to efficient wastewater and sludge treatment. Factors that cause the differences in settleablility of AS include the morphology of bacteria, microbial community structure, and the density of bacteria and flocs. Density of AS at three levels, namely, cell, floc, and process, have been discussed here to explain the variations in AS settleability. Dense materials, inside or outside the cell, significantly increase density of AS bacteria or flocs. Functional bacteria, defined as those performing N and P removal and recovery such as phosphate accumulating organisms, nitrifiers, and anammox contain cellular inclusions that increase their density, and consequently a dense and well-settling biomass results at the process level in those systems. A density based selector of AS can be used to enrich functional bacteria in the process through the wasting and sludge age control operations in AS process. This paper critically reviews the latest literature to elucidate mechanisms of density enhancement from cell to process level, and identifies needs/strategies to improve the AS process through a biomass density selector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Krishna R Pagilla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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109
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A process for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production from municipal wastewater treatment with biological carbon and nitrogen removal demonstrated at pilot-scale. N Biotechnol 2017; 35:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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110
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Tarayre C, Charlier R, Delepierre A, Brognaux A, Bauwens J, Francis F, Dermience M, Lognay G, Taminiau B, Daube G, Compère P, Meers E, Michels E, Delvigne F. Looking for phosphate-accumulating bacteria in activated sludge processes: a multidisciplinary approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8017-8032. [PMID: 28132192 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, an increasing need in renewable resources has progressively appeared. This trend concerns not only fossil fuels but also mineral resources. Wastewater and sewage sludge contain significant concentrations in phosphate and can be considered as a fertilizer source of the utmost importance. In wastewater treatment plants, the biological uptake of phosphate is performed by a specific microbiota: the phosphate-accumulating organisms. These microorganisms are recovered in sewage sludge. Here, we aimed to investigate the occurrence of phosphate accumulators in four wastewater treatment plants. A 16S metagenetic analysis identified the main bacterial phyla extracted from the aerobic treatment: α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, and Sphingobacteria. An enrichment stage was performed to stimulate the specific growth of phosphate-accumulating bacteria in an acetate medium. An analysis of metabolic activities of sulfur and phosphorus highlighted strong modifications related to phosphorus and much less distinguishable effects with sulfur. A solid acetate medium containing 5-Br-4-Cl-3-indolyl phosphate was used to select potential phosphate-accumulating bacteria from the enriched consortia. The positive strains have been found to belong in the genera Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium, and Pseudomonas. Finally, electron microscopy was applied to the strains and allowed to confirm the presence of polyphosphate granules. Some of these bacteria contained granules the size of which exceeded 100 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Tarayre
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Raphaëlle Charlier
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Anissa Delepierre
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Alison Brognaux
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Julien Bauwens
- Entomologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, AgroBioChem, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Entomologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, AgroBioChem, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Michaël Dermience
- Chimie Analytique, AgroBioChem, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Georges Lognay
- Chimie Analytique, AgroBioChem, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Microbiologie des Denrées alimentaires, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, University of Liege, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, B-4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Microbiologie des Denrées alimentaires, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, University of Liege, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, B-4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Philippe Compère
- Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution, Université de Liège, Allée du Six Août 15, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Erik Meers
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evi Michels
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Delvigne
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
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111
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Detection of Viable Bacteria during Sludge Ozonation by the Combination of ATP Assay with PMA-Miseq Sequencing. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Using sludge obtained from municipal sewage treatment plants, the response of viable bacterial populations during the sludge ozonation process was investigated by a combination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay and propidium monoazide (PMA)-Miseq sequencing. The ATP assay was first optimized for application on sludge samples by adjusting the sludge solid contents and reaction time. PMA-modified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also optimized by choosing the suitable final PMA concentration. The quantity and composition of viable bacterial populations during sludge ozonation were further elucidated using the optimized ATP and PMA-modified PCR methods. The results indicated that after the sludge was exposed to ozone (O3) at 135 mg·O3/g total suspended solids (TSS), the viable biomass displayed a substantial decrease, with a reduction rate reaching 70.89%. The composition of viable bacterial communities showed a faster succession, showing that an ozone dosage of 114 mg·O3/g TSS is enough to significantly change the viable bacterial population structure. Floc-forming genera, such as Zoogloea, Ferruginibacter, Thauera and Turneriella, are sensitive to ozonation, while the relative abundances of some functional bacterial genera, including SM1A02, Nitrospira and Candidatus Accumulibacter, remained constant or increased in the viable bacterial population during sludge ozonation, indicating that they are more resistant to ozonation.
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112
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Welles L, Abbas B, Sorokin DY, Lopez-Vazquez CM, Hooijmans CM, van Loosdrecht MCM, Brdjanovic D. Metabolic Response of " Candidatus Accumulibacter Phosphatis" Clade II C to Changes in Influent P/C Ratio. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2121. [PMID: 28111570 PMCID: PMC5216660 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of a culture highly enriched with the polyphosphate-accumulating organism, “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis” clade IIC, to adjust their metabolism to different phosphate availabilities. For this purpose the biomass was cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor with acetate and exposed to different phosphate/carbon influent ratios during six experimental phases. Activity tests were conducted to determine the anaerobic kinetic and stoichiometric parameters as well as the composition of the microbial community. Increasing influent phosphate concentrations led to increased poly-phosphate content and decreased glycogen content of the biomass. In response to higher biomass poly-phosphate content, the biomass showed higher specific phosphate release rates. Together with the phosphate release rates, acetate uptake rates also increased up to an optimal poly-phosphate/glycogen ratio of 0.3 P-mol/C-mol. At higher poly-phosphate/glycogen ratios (obtained at influent P/C ratios above 0.051 P-mol/C-mol), the acetate uptake rates started to decrease. The stoichiometry of the anaerobic conversions clearly demonstrated a metabolic shift from a glycogen dominated to a poly-phosphate dominated metabolism as the biomass poly-phosphate content increased. FISH and DGGE analyses confirmed that no significant changes occurred in the microbial community, suggesting that the changes in the biomass activity were due to different metabolic behavior, allowing the organisms to proliferate under conditions with fluctuating phosphate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Welles
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water EducationDelft, Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of TechnologyDelft, Netherlands
| | - Ben Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology Delft, Netherlands
| | - Dimitry Y Sorokin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of TechnologyDelft, Netherlands; Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)Moscow, Russia
| | - Carlos M Lopez-Vazquez
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education Delft, Netherlands
| | - Christine M Hooijmans
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education Delft, Netherlands
| | | | - Damir Brdjanovic
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water EducationDelft, Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of TechnologyDelft, Netherlands
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113
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Coats ER, Brinkman CK, Lee S. Characterizing and contrasting the microbial ecology of laboratory and full-scale EBPR systems cultured on synthetic and real wastewaters. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 108:124-136. [PMID: 27814897 PMCID: PMC5176642 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The anthropogenic discharge of phosphorus (P) into surface waters can induce the proliferation of cyanobacteria and algae, which can negatively impact water quality. Enhanced biological P removal (EBPR) is an engineered process that can be employed to efficiently remove significant quantities of P from wastewater. Within this engineered system, the mixed microbial consortium (MMC) becomes enriched with polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). To date much knowledge has been developed on PAOs, and the EBPR process is generally well understood; nonetheless, the engineered process remains underutilized. In this study, investigations were conducted using qPCR and Illumina MiSeq to assess the impacts of wastewater (synthetic vs. real) on EBPR microbial ecology. While a strong relationship was demonstrated between EBPR metrics (P:C; influent VFA:P) and excellent P removal across diverse EBPR systems and MMCs, no such correlations existed with the specific MMCs. Moreover, MMCs exhibited distinct clusters based on substrate, and qPCR results based on the putative PAO Accumulibacter did not correlate with BLASTN eubacterial results for either Accumulibacter or Rhodocyclaceae. More critically, PAO-based sequences aligned poorly with Accumulibacter for both eubacterial and PAO primer sets, which strongly suggests that the conventional PAO primers applied in FISH and qPCR analysis do not sufficiently target the putative PAO Accumulibacter. In particular, negligible alignment was observed for PAO amplicons obtained from a MMC performing excellent EBPR on crude glycerol (an atypical substrate). A synthetic wastewater-based MMC exhibited the best observed BLASTN match of the PAO amplicons, raising concerns about the potential relevance in using synthetic substrates in the study of EBPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Coats
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1022, USA.
| | - Cynthia K Brinkman
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1022, USA
| | - Stephen Lee
- Department of Statistics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1104, USA
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114
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Aoi Y, Kaneko Y, Tsuneda S. pH-gradient ion-exchange microbial cell chromatography as a simple method for microbial separation. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 123:431-436. [PMID: 27923729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Selective separation of specific microbial types from a heterogeneous microbial population, such as an environmental microbial community, is an important process for microbial research and biotechnological industries. In the present study, pH-gradient ion-exchange microbial cell chromatography (PIE-MCC) was developed as a new method for microbial separation. The proposed method enables target microorganisms to be separated from a microbial community based on differences in microbial surface characteristics, because these characteristics, such as the ζ (zeta)-potential, vary among microbial cells. PIE-MCC was conducted by controlling the adhesion and detachment of microbial cells to and from the carrier surface by manipulating the pH of the running buffer. As a proof of concept, microbial cell separation via PIE-MCC was demonstrated using pure-cultured strains, model mixtures of two different pure-cultured strains, and an environmental sample targeting uncultivated microorganisms; i.e., each pure-cultured strain showed unique chromatograms; specific single species were separated from the model mixture; and a specific, uncultivated target was separated from the environmental sample. The ζ-potential of several tested strains suggested that not only electrostatic interactions, but also other factors affected microbial adhesion to the carrier surface. The newly developed method has several potential advantages compared with other techniques, not only in terms of its microbial separation capability, but also in terms of its simplicity and ability to be scaled up. Thus, the method has the potential to be widely used for a variety of purposes in the microbiology and biotechnology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Aoi
- Institute for Sustainable Sciences and Developments, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Yuji Kaneko
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsuneda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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115
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Mardanov AV, Beletskii AV, Kallistova AY, Kotlyarov RY, Nikolaev YA, Kevbrina MV, Agarev AM, Ravin NV, Pimenov NV. Dynamics of the composition of a microbial consortium during start-up of a single-stage constant flow laboratory nitritation/anammox setup. Microbiology (Reading) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s002626171606014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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116
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Welles L, Lopez-Vazquez CM, Hooijmans CM, van Loosdrecht MCM, Brdjanovic D. Prevalence of 'Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis' type II under phosphate limiting conditions. AMB Express 2016; 6:44. [PMID: 27376945 PMCID: PMC4932009 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
P-limitation in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems fed with acetate, has generally been considered as a condition leading to enrichment of organisms of the genotype’ Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis’ expressing the glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAO) phenotype. Recent studies have demonstrated in short-term experiments that organisms of the genotype ‘Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis’ clade I and II, known to express the polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) phenotype can switch to the GAO phenotype when poly-P is absent, but are performing the HAc-uptake at lower kinetic rates, where clade I showed the lowest rates. The objective of this study was to verify whether organisms of the genotype ‘Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis’ can also be enriched under P-limiting conditions while expressing a GAO phenotype and more specifically to see which specific clade prevails. A sequencing batch reactor was inoculated with activated sludge to enrich an EBPR culture for a cultivation period of 128 days (16 times the solids retention time) under P-limiting conditions. A mixed culture was obtained comprising of 49 % ‘Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis’ clade II and 46 % ‘Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis’. The culture performed a full GAO metabolism for anaerobic HAc-uptake, but was still able to switch to a PAO metabolism, taking up excessive amounts of phosphate during the aerobic phase when it became available in the influent. These findings show that P-limitation, often used as strategy for enrichment of ‘Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis’, does not always lead to enrichment of only ‘Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis’. Furthermore, it demonstrates that ‘Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis’ are able to proliferate in activated sludge systems for periods of up to 128 days or longer when the influent phosphate concentrations are just enough for assimilation purposes and no poly-P is formed. The ‘Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis’ retain the ability to switch to the PAO phenotype, taking up phosphate from the influent as soon as it becomes available.
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117
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Saad SA, Welles L, Abbas B, Lopez-Vazquez CM, van Loosdrecht MCM, Brdjanovic D. Denitrification of nitrate and nitrite by 'Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis' clade IC. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 105:97-109. [PMID: 27603967 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) are assumed to use nitrate as external electron acceptor, allowing an efficient integration of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphate removal with minimal organic carbon (COD) requirements. However, contradicting findings appear in literature regarding the denitrification capacities of PAO due to the lack of clade specific highly enriched PAO cultures. Whereas some studies suggest that only PAO clade I may be capable of using nitrate as external electron acceptor for anoxic P-uptake, other studies indicate that PAO clade II may be responsible for anoxic P-removal. In the present study, a highly enriched PAO clade IC culture (>99% according to FISH) was cultivated in an SBR operated under Anaerobic/Oxic conditions and subsequently exposed to Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic conditions using nitrate as electron acceptor. Before and after acclimatization to the presence of nitrate, the aerobic and anoxic (nitrate and nitrite) activities of the PAO I culture were assessed through the execution of batch tests using either acetate or propionate as electron donor. In the presence of nitrate, significant P-uptake by PAO I was not observed before or after acclimatization. Using nitrite as electron acceptor, limited nitrite removal rates were observed before acclimatization with lower rates in the acetate fed reactor without P-uptake and slightly higher in the propionate fed reactor with a marginal anoxic P-uptake. Only after acclimatization to nitrate, simultaneous P and nitrite removal was observed. This study suggests that PAO clade IC is not capable of using nitrate as external electron acceptor for anoxic P-removal. The elucidation of the metabolic capacities for individual PAO clades helps in better understanding and optimization of the relation between microbial ecology and process performance in enhanced biological phosphate removal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondos A Saad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, 1 El Sarayat St., Abbassia, 11517 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Laurens Welles
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Carlos M Lopez-Vazquez
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Damir Brdjanovic
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands.
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118
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Sulphide effects on the physiology of Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis type I. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:1661-1672. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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119
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Ribera-Guardia A, Marques R, Arangio C, Carvalheira M, Oehmen A, Pijuan M. Distinctive denitrifying capabilities lead to differences in N2O production by denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms and denitrifying glycogen accumulating organisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 219:106-113. [PMID: 27479801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the denitrification kinetics in two separate enriched cultures of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms (dPAO) and denitrifying glycogen accumulating organisms (dGAO) and compare their N2O accumulation potential under different conditions. Two sequencing batch reactors were inoculated to develop dPAO and dGAO enriched microbial communities separately. Seven batch tests with different combinations of electron acceptors (nitrate, nitrite and/or nitrous oxide) were carried out with the enriched biomass from both reactors. Results indicate that in almost all batch tests, N2O accumulated for both cultures, however dPAOs showed a higher denitrification capacity compared to dGAOs due to their higher nitrogen oxides reduction rates. Additionally, the effect of the simultaneous presence of several electron acceptors in the reduction rates of the different nitrogen oxides was also assessed in dPAOs and dGAOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ribera-Guardia
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Marques
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Corrado Arangio
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; Dipartimento di ingegneria civile e architettura (DICAR), Università di Catania, 95100 Catania, Sicily, Italy
| | - Monica Carvalheira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Adrian Oehmen
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maite Pijuan
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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120
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Irie K, Fujitani H, Tsuneda S. Physical enrichment of uncultured Accumulibacter and Nitrospira from activated sludge by unlabeled cell sorting technique. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:475-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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121
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An W, Guo F, Song Y, Gao N, Bai S, Dai J, Wei H, Zhang L, Yu D, Xia M, Yu Y, Qi M, Tian C, Chen H, Wu Z, Zhang T, Qiu D. Comparative genomics analyses on EPS biosynthesis genes required for floc formation of Zoogloea resiniphila and other activated sludge bacteria. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 102:494-504. [PMID: 27403872 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Activated sludge (AS) process has been widely utilized for municipal sewage and industrial wastewater treatment. Zoolgoea and its related floc-forming bacteria are required for formation of AS flocs which is the key to gravitational effluent-and-sludge separation and AS recycling. However, little is known about the genetics, biochemistry and physiology of Zoogloea and its related bacteria. This report deals with the comparative genomic analyses on two Zoogloea resiniphila draft genomes and the closely related proteobacterial species commonly found in AS. In particular, the metabolic processes involved in removal of organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus were analyzed. Furthermore, it is revealed that a large gene cluster, encoding eight glycosyltransferases and other proteins involved in biosynthesis and export of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), was required for floc formation. One of the two asparagine synthase paralogues, associated with this EPS biosynthesis gene cluster, was required for floc formation in Zoogloea. Similar EPS biosynthesis gene cluster(s) were identified in the genome of other AS proteobacteria including polyphosphate-accumulating Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis (CAP) and nitrifying Nitrosopira and Nitrosomonas bacteria, but the gene composition varies interspecifically and intraspecifically. Our results indicate that floc formation of desired AS bacteria, including CAP strains, facilitate their recruitment into AS and gradual enrichment via repeated AS settling and recycling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing An
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yulong Song
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Gao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shijie Bai
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Institute of Deep-sea Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Jingcheng Dai
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hehong Wei
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dianzhen Yu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Xia
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Institute for Genetics and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Institute for Genetics and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chunyuan Tian
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 43200, China
| | - Haofeng Chen
- Institute for Genetics and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhenbin Wu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Dongru Qiu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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122
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Design and Evaluation of Illumina MiSeq-Compatible, 18S rRNA Gene-Specific Primers for Improved Characterization of Mixed Phototrophic Communities. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5878-91. [PMID: 27451454 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01630-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The use of high-throughput sequencing technologies with the 16S rRNA gene for characterization of bacterial and archaeal communities has become routine. However, the adoption of sequencing methods for eukaryotes has been slow, despite their significance to natural and engineered systems. There are large variations among the target genes used for amplicon sequencing, and for the 18S rRNA gene, there is no consensus on which hypervariable region provides the most suitable representation of diversity. Additionally, it is unclear how much PCR/sequencing bias affects the depiction of community structure using current primers. The present study amplified the V4 and V8-V9 regions from seven microalgal mock communities as well as eukaryotic communities from freshwater, coastal, and wastewater samples to examine the effect of PCR/sequencing bias on community structure and membership. We found that degeneracies on the 3' end of the current V4-specific primers impact read length and mean relative abundance. Furthermore, the PCR/sequencing error is markedly higher for GC-rich members than for communities with balanced GC content. Importantly, the V4 region failed to reliably capture 2 of the 12 mock community members, and the V8-V9 hypervariable region more accurately represents mean relative abundance and alpha and beta diversity. Overall, the V4 and V8-V9 regions show similar community representations over freshwater, coastal, and wastewater environments, but specific samples show markedly different communities. These results indicate that multiple primer sets may be advantageous for gaining a more complete understanding of community structure and highlight the importance of including mock communities composed of species of interest. IMPORTANCE The quantification of error associated with community representation by amplicon sequencing is a critical challenge that is often ignored. When target genes are amplified using currently available primers, differential amplification efficiencies result in inaccurate estimates of community structure. The extent to which amplification bias affects community representation and the accuracy with which different gene targets represent community structure are not known. As a result, there is no consensus on which region provides the most suitable representation of diversity for eukaryotes. This study determined the accuracy with which commonly used 18S rRNA gene primer sets represent community structure and identified particular biases related to PCR amplification and Illumina MiSeq sequencing in order to more accurately study eukaryotic microbial communities.
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123
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Insights into microbial diversity in wastewater treatment systems: How far have we come? Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:790-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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124
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Cai W, Huang W, Li H, Sun B, Xiao H, Zhang Z, Lei Z. Acetate favors more phosphorus accumulation into aerobic granular sludge than propionate during the treatment of synthetic fermentation liquor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:596-603. [PMID: 27183235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an efficient biotechnology widely applied for energy and resource recovery from organic waste and wastewater treatment. The effluent from AD or fermentation liquor containing organic substances like volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and mineral nutrients (such as N and P), however, will trigger serious environmental issues if not properly dealt with. In this study two identical sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), namely Ra and Rp were used to cultivate aerobic granules for P recovery from synthetic fermentation liquor, respectively using acetate and propionate as additional carbon source. Larger and more stable granules were achieved in Ra with higher P removal capability (9.4mgP/g-VSS·d) and higher anaerobic P release (6.9mgP/g-VSS·h). In addition to much higher P content (78mgP/g-SS), bioavailable P in Ra-granules increased to 45mgP/g-SS, approximately 2-times those of seed sludge and Rp-granules. Microbial community analysis indicated that more GAOs were accumulated in Rp-granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Wenli Huang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Beina Sun
- Shanghai Biotechnology Corporation, 151 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huasheng Xiao
- Shanghai Biotechnology Corporation, 151 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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125
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Albertsen M, McIlroy SJ, Stokholm-Bjerregaard M, Karst SM, Nielsen PH. "Candidatus Propionivibrio aalborgensis": A Novel Glycogen Accumulating Organism Abundant in Full-Scale Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Plants. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1033. [PMID: 27458436 PMCID: PMC4930944 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is widely used to remove phosphorus from wastewater. The process relies on polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) that are able to take up phosphorus in excess of what is needed for growth, whereby phosphorus can be removed from the wastewater by wasting the biomass. However, glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) may reduce the EBPR efficiency as they compete for substrates with PAOs, but do not store excessive amounts of polyphosphate. PAOs and GAOs are thought to be phylogenetically unrelated, with the model PAO being the betaproteobacterial “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis” (Accumulibacter) and the model GAO being the gammaproteobacterial “Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis”. Here, we report the discovery of a GAO from the genus Propionivibrio, which is closely related to Accumulibacter. Propionivibrio sp. are targeted by the canonical fluorescence in situ hybridization probes used to target Accumulibacter (PAOmix), but do not store excessive amounts of polyphosphate in situ. A laboratory scale reactor, operated to enrich for PAOs, surprisingly contained co-dominant populations of Propionivibrio and Accumulibacter. Metagenomic sequencing of multiple time-points enabled recovery of near complete population genomes from both genera. Annotation of the Propionivibrio genome confirmed their potential for the GAO phenotype and a basic metabolic model is proposed for their metabolism in the EBPR environment. Using newly designed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes, analyses of full-scale EBPR plants revealed that Propionivibrio is a common member of the community, constituting up to 3% of the biovolume. To avoid overestimation of Accumulibacter abundance in situ, we recommend the use of the FISH probe PAO651 instead of the commonly applied PAOmix probe set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon J McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Stokholm-Bjerregaard
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark; Krüger A/SAalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren M Karst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per H Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark
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126
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Henriet O, Meunier C, Henry P, Mahillon J. Improving phosphorus removal in aerobic granular sludge processes through selective microbial management. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 211:298-306. [PMID: 27023385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve phosphorus removal in aerobic granular sludge sequential batch reactors (AGS-SBR) by a differential selection of the granules containing the highest proportion of phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). The abundance of PAOs in granules with different density was analyzed by PCR-DGGE, pyrosequencing and qPCR. Dense granules contained a higher proportion of Candidatus Accumulibacter (PAO) with a 16S rRNA gene frequency up to 45%. Starting with an AGS-SBR with low height/diameter ratio performing unstable P removal, two strategies of biomass removal were assessed. First, a high selective pressure (short settling time) was applied and second, an increase of the settling time was combined with a homogeneous purge of the sludge bed. The first strategy resulted in a reduction of P removal efficiency while the second improved and stabilized P removal over 90%. This study offers a new approach of biomass management in AGS-SBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Henriet
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Christophe Meunier
- CEBEDEAU, Research and Expertise Center for Water, Allée de la découverte, 11 (B53), Quartier Polytech 1, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Paul Henry
- CEBEDEAU, Research and Expertise Center for Water, Allée de la découverte, 11 (B53), Quartier Polytech 1, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jacques Mahillon
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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127
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Integrative microbial community analysis reveals full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal under tropical conditions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25719. [PMID: 27193869 PMCID: PMC4872125 DOI: 10.1038/srep25719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of phosphorus discharge from human waste is essential for the control of eutrophication in surface waters. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a sustainable, efficient way of removing phosphorus from waste water without employing chemical precipitation, but is assumed unachievable in tropical temperatures due to conditions that favour glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) over polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). Here, we show these assumptions are unfounded by studying comparative community dynamics in a full-scale plant following systematic perturbation of operational conditions, which modified community abundance, function and physicochemical state. A statistically significant increase in the relative abundance of the PAO Accumulibacter was associated with improved EBPR activity. GAO relative abundance also increased, challenging the assumption of competition. An Accumulibacter bin-genome was identified from a whole community metagenomic survey, and comparative analysis against extant Accumulibacter genomes suggests a close relationship to Type II. Analysis of the associated metatranscriptome data revealed that genes encoding proteins involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis pathways were highly expressed, consistent with metabolic modelling results. Our findings show that tropical EBPR is indeed possible, highlight the translational potential of studying competition dynamics in full-scale waste water communities and carry implications for plant design in tropical regions.
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128
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Oyserman BO, Moya F, Lawson CE, Garcia AL, Vogt M, Heffernen M, Noguera DR, McMahon KD. Ancestral genome reconstruction identifies the evolutionary basis for trait acquisition in polyphosphate accumulating bacteria. ISME JOURNAL 2016; 10:2931-2945. [PMID: 27128993 PMCID: PMC5148189 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of complex traits is hypothesized to occur incrementally. Identifying the transitions that lead to extant complex traits may provide a better understanding of the genetic nature of the observed phenotype. A keystone functional group in wastewater treatment processes are polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), however the evolution of the PAO phenotype has yet to be explicitly investigated and the specific metabolic traits that discriminate non-PAO from PAO are currently unknown. Here we perform the first comprehensive investigation on the evolution of the PAO phenotype using the model uncultured organism Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis (Accumulibacter) through ancestral genome reconstruction, identification of horizontal gene transfer, and a kinetic/stoichiometric characterization of Accumulibacter Clade IIA. The analysis of Accumulibacter's last common ancestor identified 135 laterally derived genes, including genes involved in glycogen, polyhydroxyalkanoate, pyruvate and NADH/NADPH metabolisms, as well as inorganic ion transport and regulatory mechanisms. In contrast, pathways such as the TCA cycle and polyphosphate metabolism displayed minimal horizontal gene transfer. We show that the transition from non-PAO to PAO coincided with horizontal gene transfer within Accumulibacter's core metabolism; likely alleviating key kinetic and stoichiometric bottlenecks, such as anaerobically linking glycogen degradation to polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis. These results demonstrate the utility of investigating the derived genome of a lineage to identify key transitions leading to an extant complex phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben O Oyserman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Francisco Moya
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher E Lawson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Antonio L Garcia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark Vogt
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mitchell Heffernen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel R Noguera
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katherine D McMahon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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129
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Mieczkowski D, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A, Rusanowska P, Świątczak P. Temperature-induced changes in treatment efficiency and microbial structure of aerobic granules treating landfill leachate. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:91. [PMID: 27116957 PMCID: PMC4848331 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of temperature on nitrogen and carbon removal by aerobic granules from landfill leachate with a high ammonium concentration and low concentration of biodegradable organics. The study was conducted in three stages; firstly the operating temperature of the batch reactor with aerobic granules was maintained at 29 °C, then at 25 °C, and finally at 20 °C. It was found that a gradual decrease in operational temperature allowed the nitrogen-converting community in the granules to acclimate, ensuring efficient nitrification even at ambient temperature (20 °C). Ammonium was fully removed from leachate regardless of the temperature, but higher operational temperatures resulted in higher ammonium removal rates [up to 44.2 mg/(L h) at 29 °C]. Lowering the operational temperature from 29 to 20 °C decreased nitrite accumulation in the GSBR cycle. The highest efficiency of total nitrogen removal was achieved at 25 °C (36.8 ± 10.9 %). The COD removal efficiency did not exceed 50 %. Granules constituted 77, 80 and 83 % of the biomass at 29, 25 and 20 °C, respectively. Ammonium was oxidized by both aerobic and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. Accumulibacter sp., Thauera sp., cultured Tetrasphaera PAO and Azoarcus-Thauera cluster occurred in granules independent of the temperature. Lower temperatures favored the occurrence of denitrifiers of Zooglea lineage (not Z. resiniphila), bacteria related to Comamonadaceae, Curvibacter sp., Azoarcus cluster, Rhodobacter sp., Roseobacter sp. and Acidovorax spp. At lower temperatures, the increased abundance of denitrifiers compensated for the lowered enzymatic activity of the biomass and ensured that nitrogen removal at 20 °C was similar to that at 25 °C and significantly higher than removal at 29 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Mieczkowski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45 G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45 G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Paulina Rusanowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45 G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45 G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
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130
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Liu T, Liu S, Zheng M, Chen Q, Ni J. Performance Assessment of Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plants Based on Seasonal Variability of Microbial Communities via High-Throughput Sequencing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152998. [PMID: 27049964 PMCID: PMC4822889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities of activated sludge (AS) play a key role in the performance of wastewater treatment processes. However, seasonal variability of microbial population in varying AS-based processes has been poorly correlated with operation of full-scale wastewater treatment systems (WWTSs). In this paper, significant seasonal variability of AS microbial communities in eight WWTSs located in the city of Guangzhou were revealed in terms of 16S rRNA-based Miseq sequencing. Furthermore, variation redundancy analysis (RDA) demonstrated that the microbial community compositions closely correlated with WWTS operation parameters such as temperature, BOD, NH4+-N and TN. Consequently, support vector regression models which reasonably predicted effluent BOD, SS and TN in WWTSs were established based on microbial community compositions. This work provided an alternative tool for rapid assessment on performance of full-scale wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Maosheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jinren Ni
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
- * E-mail: (JN)
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131
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Liebrich M, Kleyböcker A, Kasina M, Miethling-Graff R, Kassahun A, Würdemann H. Process Recovery after CaO Addition Due to Granule Formation in a CSTR Co-Digester-A Tool to Influence the Composition of the Microbial Community and Stabilize the Process? Microorganisms 2016; 4:microorganisms4010017. [PMID: 27681911 PMCID: PMC5029522 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition, structure and function of granules formed during process recovery with calcium oxide in a laboratory-scale fermenter fed with sewage sludge and rapeseed oil were studied. In the course of over-acidification and successful process recovery, only minor changes were observed in the bacterial community of the digestate, while granules appeared during recovery. Fluorescence microscopic analysis of the granules showed a close spatial relationship between calcium and oil and/or long chain fatty acids. This finding further substantiated the hypothesis that calcium precipitated with carbon of organic origin and reduced the negative effects of overloading with oil. Furthermore, the enrichment of phosphate minerals in the granules was shown, and molecular biological analyses detected polyphosphate-accumulating organisms as well as methanogenic archaea in the core. Organisms related to Methanoculleus receptaculi were detected in the inner zones of a granule, whereas they were present in the digestate only after process recovery. This finding indicated more favorable microhabitats inside the granules that supported process recovery. Thus, the granule formation triggered by calcium oxide addition served as a tool to influence the composition of the microbial community and to stabilize the process after overloading with oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Liebrich
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.3 Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Anne Kleyböcker
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.3 Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Monika Kasina
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.3 Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-063 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Rona Miethling-Graff
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.3 Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Andrea Kassahun
- Dresden Groundwater Research Center e. V., Meranerstr. 10, 01217 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Hilke Würdemann
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.3 Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Str. 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany.
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132
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Zeng W, Li B, Wang X, Bai X, Peng Y. Influence of nitrite accumulation on "Candidatus Accumulibacter" population structure and enhanced biological phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1018-1025. [PMID: 26439519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A modified University of Cape Town (MUCT) process was used to treat real municipal wastewater with low carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N). To our knowledge, this is the first study where the influence of nitrite accumulation on "Candidatus Accumulibacter" clade-level population structure was investigated during nitritation establishment and destruction. Real time quantitative PCR assays were conducted using the polyphosphate kinase 1 gene (ppk1) as a genetic marker. Abundances of total "Candidatus Accumulibacter", the relative distributions and population structure of the five "Candidatus Accumulibacter" clades were characterized. Under complete nitrification, clade I using nitrate as electron acceptor was below 5% of total "Candidatus Accumulibacter". When the reactor was transformed into nitritation, clade I gradually disappeared. Clade IID using nitrite as electron acceptor for denitrifying phosphorus (P) removal was always the dominant "Candidatus Accumulibacter" throughout the operational period. This clade was above 90% on average in total "Candidatus Accumulibacter", even up to nearly 100%, which was associated with good performance of denitrifying P removal via nitrite pathway. The nitrite concentrations affected the abundance of clade IID. The P removal was mainly completed by anoxic P uptake of about 88%. The P removal efficiency clearly had a positive correlation with the nitrite accumulation ratio. Under nitritation, the P removal efficiency was 30% higher than that under complete nitrification, suggesting that nitrite was appropriate as electron acceptor for denitrifying P removal when treating carbon-limited wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Environment Recovery, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Boxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Environment Recovery, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Environment Recovery, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xinlong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Environment Recovery, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Environment Recovery, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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133
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Tian Q, Ong SK, Xie X, Li F, Zhu Y, Wang FR, Yang B. Enhanced phosphorus recovery and biofilm microbial community changes in an alternating anaerobic/aerobic biofilter. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1797-1806. [PMID: 26524149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The operation of an alternating anaerobic/aerobic biofilter (AABF), treating synthetic wastewater, was modified to enhance recovery of phosphorus (P). The AABF was periodically fed with an additional carbon source during the anaerobic phase to force the release of biofilm-sequestered P which was then harvested and recovered. A maximum of 48% of the total influent P was found to be released in the solution for recovery. Upon implementation of periodic P bio-sequestering and P harvesting, the predominant bacterial communities changed from β-Proteobacteria to γ-Proteobacteria groups. The genus Pseudomonas of γ-Proteobacteria was found to enrich greatly with 98% dominance. Dense intracellular poly-P granules were found within the cells of the biofilm, confirming the presence of P accumulating organisms (PAOs). Periodic addition of a carbon source to the AABF coupled with intracellular P reduction during the anaerobic phase most probably exerted environmental stress in the selection of Pseudomonas PAOs over PAOs of other phylogenic types. Results of the study provided operational information on the selection of certain microbial communities for P removal and recovery. This information can be used to further advance P recovery in biofilm systems such as the AABFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
| | - Say Kee Ong
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Xuehui Xie
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China.
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China.
| | - Yanbin Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
| | - Feng Rui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
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134
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Jabari L, Gannoun H, Khelifi E, Cayol JL, Godon JJ, Hamdi M, Fardeau ML. Bacterial ecology of abattoir wastewater treated by an anaerobic digestor. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:73-84. [PMID: 26887229 PMCID: PMC4822766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater from an anaerobic treatment plant at a slaughterhouse was analysed to determine the bacterial biodiversity present. Molecular analysis of the anaerobic sludge obtained from the treatment plant showed significant diversity, as 27 different phyla were identified. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Thermotogae, Euryarchaeota (methanogens), and msbl6 (candidate division) were the dominant phyla of the anaerobic treatment plant and represented 21.7%, 18.5%, 11.5%, 9.4%, 8.9%, and 8.8% of the total bacteria identified, respectively. The dominant bacteria isolated were Clostridium, Bacteroides, Desulfobulbus, Desulfomicrobium, Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum. Our results revealed the presence of new species, genera and families of microorganisms. The most interesting strains were characterised. Three new bacteria involved in anaerobic digestion of abattoir wastewater were published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Jabari
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (INSAT), 2 Boulevard de la terre, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia; Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MOI, UM 110, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Hana Gannoun
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (INSAT), 2 Boulevard de la terre, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia; Université Tunis El Manar, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis (ISSBAT) 9, avenue Zouhaïer Essafi, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Eltaief Khelifi
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (INSAT), 2 Boulevard de la terre, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jean-Luc Cayol
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MOI, UM 110, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Godon
- INRA U050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Étangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Moktar Hamdi
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (INSAT), 2 Boulevard de la terre, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marie-Laure Fardeau
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MOI, UM 110, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France.
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135
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Bai Y, Zhang Y, Quan X, Chen S. Nutrient removal performance and microbial characteristics of a full-scale IFAS-EBPR process treating municipal wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:1261-1268. [PMID: 27003065 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the nutrient removal performance and microbial characteristics of a full-scale integrated fixed-film activated sludge-enhanced biological phosphorus removal (IFAS-EBPR) process for municipal wastewater treatment. The polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis results showed that the presence of bacteria in this process, including Nitrosomonas sp., Nitrospira sp., Nitrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Acinetobacter sp., clusters. The fluorescence in situ hybridization results implied that there were more nitrifiers and denitrifiers on the biofilm carriers than in the suspended sludge, whereas more phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) resided in the suspended sludge. With the cooperation of these functional microbial populations both on the biofilm carriers and in the suspended sludge, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4(+)-N, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies were maintained at 84, 97, 70 and 81%, and the effluent concentrations of them averaged 30, 1.0, 11.5 and 0.6 mg/L, which all satisfy the Chinese discharge standard (COD <50 mg/L, NH4(+)-N <5 mg/L, TN <15 mg/L and TP <1 mg/L), respectively. Therefore, the IFAS-EBPR process is a reliable and effective process for nutrient removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China E-mail:
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China E-mail:
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China E-mail:
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China E-mail:
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136
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Yao R, Yang H, Yu M, Liu Y, Shi H. Enrichment of nitrifying bacteria and microbial diversity analysis by high-throughput sequencing. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24213h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitrifying bacteria community can be enriched by an alternating operation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renda Yao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Mengyu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Huan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
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137
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Franca RDG, Vieira A, Mata AMT, Carvalho GS, Pinheiro HM, Lourenço ND. Effect of an azo dye on the performance of an aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor treating a simulated textile wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 85:327-336. [PMID: 26343991 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the effect of an azo dye (Acid Red 14) on the performance of an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system operated with 6-h anaerobic-aerobic cycles for the treatment of a synthetic textile wastewater. In this sense, two SBRs inoculated with AGS from a domestic wastewater treatment plant were run in parallel, being one supplied with the dye and the other used as a dye-free control. The AGS successfully adapted to the new hydrodynamic conditions forming smaller, denser granules in both reactors, with optimal sludge volume index values of 19 and 17 mL g(-1) after 5-min and 30-min settling, respectively. As a result, high biomass concentration levels and sludge age values were registered, up to 13 gTSS L(-1) and 40 days, respectively, when deliberate biomass wastage was limited to the sampling needs. Stable dye removal yields above 90% were attained during the anaerobic reaction phase, confirmed by the formation of one of the aromatic amines arising from azo bond reduction. The control of the sludge retention time (SRT) to 15 days triggered a 30% reduction in the biodecolorization yield. However, the increase of the SRT values back to levels above 25 days reverted this effect and also promoted the complete bioconversion of the identified aromatic amine during the aerobic reaction phase. The dye and its breakdown products did not negatively affect the treatment performance, as organic load removal yields higher than 80% were attained in both reactors, up to 77% occurring in the anaerobic phase. These high anaerobic organic removal levels were correlated to an increase of Defluviicoccus-related glycogen accumulating organisms in the biomass. Also, the capacity of the system to deal with shocks of high dye concentration and organic load was successfully demonstrated. Granule breakup after long-term operation only occurred in the dye-free control SBR, suggesting that the azo dye plays an important role in improving granule stability. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis confirmed the compact structure of the dye-fed granules, microbial activity being apparently maintained in the granule core, as opposed to the dye-free control. These findings support the potential application of the AGS technology for textile wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita D G Franca
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, ULisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Anabela Vieira
- Microbiology of Man-Made Environments Laboratory, iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. República, Qta. do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB - Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Ana M T Mata
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, ULisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Gilda S Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Helena M Pinheiro
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, ULisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Nídia D Lourenço
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, ULisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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138
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Oyserman BO, Noguera DR, del Rio TG, Tringe SG, McMahon KD. Metatranscriptomic insights on gene expression and regulatory controls in Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis. ISME JOURNAL 2015; 10:810-22. [PMID: 26555245 PMCID: PMC4796919 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) have focused on reconstructing genomic blueprints for the model polyphosphate-accumulating organism Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis. Here, a time series metatranscriptome generated from enrichment cultures of Accumulibacter was used to gain insight into anerobic/aerobic metabolism and regulatory mechanisms within an EBPR cycle. Co-expressed gene clusters were identified displaying ecologically relevant trends consistent with batch cycle phases. Transcripts displaying increased abundance during anerobic acetate contact were functionally enriched in energy production and conversion, including upregulation of both cytoplasmic and membrane-bound hydrogenases demonstrating the importance of transcriptional regulation to manage energy and electron flux during anerobic acetate contact. We hypothesized and demonstrated hydrogen production after anerobic acetate contact, a previously unknown strategy for Accumulibacter to maintain redox balance. Genes involved in anerobic glycine utilization were identified and phosphorus release after anerobic glycine contact demonstrated, suggesting that Accumulibacter routes diverse carbon sources to acetyl-CoA formation via previously unrecognized pathways. A comparative genomics analysis of sequences upstream of co-expressed genes identified two statistically significant putative regulatory motifs. One palindromic motif was identified upstream of genes involved in PHA synthesis and acetate activation and is hypothesized to be a phaR binding site, hence representing a hypothetical PHA modulon. A second motif was identified ~35 base pairs (bp) upstream of a large and diverse array of genes and hence may represent a sigma factor binding site. This analysis provides a basis and framework for further investigations into Accumulibacter metabolism and the reconstruction of regulatory networks in uncultured organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben O Oyserman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel R Noguera
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Susannah G Tringe
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Katherine D McMahon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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139
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Pronk M, de Kreuk MK, de Bruin B, Kamminga P, Kleerebezem R, van Loosdrecht MCM. Full scale performance of the aerobic granular sludge process for sewage treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 84:207-217. [PMID: 26233660 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, aerobic granular sludge technology has been scaled-up and implemented for industrial and municipal wastewater treatment under the trade name Nereda(®). With full-scale references for industrial treatment application since 2006 and domestic sewage since 2009 only limited operating data have been presented in scientific literature so far. In this study performance, granulation and design considerations of an aerobic granular sludge plant on domestic wastewater at the WWTP Garmerwolde, the Netherlands were analysed. After a start-up period of approximately 5 months, a robust and stable granule bed (>8 g L(-1)) was formed and could be maintained thereafter, with a sludge volume index after 5 min settling of 45 mL g(-1). The granular sludge consisted for more than 80% of granules larger than 0.2 mm and more than 60% larger than 1 mm. Effluent requirements (7 mg N L(-1) and 1 mg P L(-1)) were easily met during summer and winter. Maximum volumetric conversion rates for nitrogen and phosphorus were respectively 0.17 and 0.24 kg (m(3) d)(-1). The energy usage was 13.9 kWh (PE150·year)(-1) which is 58-63 % lower than the average conventional activated sludge treatment plant in the Netherlands. Finally, this study demonstrated that aerobic granular sludge technology can effectively be implemented for the treatment of domestic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.
| | - M K de Kreuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands; Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - B de Bruin
- Royal HaskoningDHV B.V., P.O Box 1132, 3800 BC Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - P Kamminga
- Waterschap Noorderzijlvest, Stedumermaar 1, 9735 AC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Kleerebezem
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
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140
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Barr JJ, Dutilh BE, Skennerton CT, Fukushima T, Hastie ML, Gorman JJ, Tyson GW, Bond PL. Metagenomic and metaproteomic analyses of Accumulibacter phosphatis-enriched floccular and granular biofilm. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:273-87. [PMID: 26279094 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are ubiquitous in nature, forming diverse adherent microbial communities that perform a plethora of functions. Here we operated two laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors enriched with Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis (Accumulibacter) performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Reactors formed two distinct biofilms, one floccular biofilm, consisting of small, loose, microbial aggregates, and one granular biofilm, forming larger, dense, spherical aggregates. Using metagenomic and metaproteomic methods, we investigated the proteomic differences between these two biofilm communities, identifying a total of 2022 unique proteins. To understand biofilm differences, we compared protein abundances that were statistically enriched in both biofilm states. Floccular biofilms were enriched with pathogenic secretion systems suggesting a highly competitive microbial community. Comparatively, granular biofilms revealed a high-stress environment with evidence of nutrient starvation, phage predation pressure, and increased extracellular polymeric substance and cell lysis. Granular biofilms were enriched in outer membrane transport proteins to scavenge the extracellular milieu for amino acids and other metabolites, likely released through cell lysis, to supplement metabolic pathways. This study provides the first detailed proteomic comparison between Accumulibacter-enriched floccular and granular biofilm communities, proposes a conceptual model for the granule biofilm, and offers novel insights into granule biofilm formation and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Barr
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Environmental Biotechnology Cooperative Research Centre (EBCRC), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bas E Dutilh
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Molecular and Biomedical Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Connor T Skennerton
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Toshikazu Fukushima
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Division of Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Marcus L Hastie
- Protein Discovery Centre, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Gorman
- Protein Discovery Centre, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Gene W Tyson
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Philip L Bond
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Environmental Biotechnology Cooperative Research Centre (EBCRC), Sydney, NSW, Australia
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141
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Welles L, Tian WD, Saad S, Abbas B, Lopez-Vazquez CM, Hooijmans CM, van Loosdrecht MCM, Brdjanovic D. Accumulibacter clades Type I and II performing kinetically different glycogen-accumulating organisms metabolisms for anaerobic substrate uptake. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 83:354-366. [PMID: 26189167 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic acetate (HAc) uptake stoichiometry of phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAO) in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems has been an extensive subject of study due to the highly variable reported stoichiometric values (e.g. anaerobic P-release/HAc-uptake ratios ranging from 0.01 up to 0.93 P-mol/C-mol). Often, such differences have been explained by the different applied operating conditions (e.g. pH) or occurrence of glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAO). The present study investigated the ability of biomass highly enriched with specific PAO clades ('Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis' Clade I and II, hereafter PAO I and PAO II) to adopt a GAO metabolism. Based on long-term experiments, when Poly-P is not stoichiometrically limiting for the anaerobic VFA uptake, PAO I performed the typical PAO metabolism (with a P/HAc ratio of 0.64 P-mol/C-mol); whereas PAO II performed a mixed PAO-GAO metabolism (showing a P/HAc ratio of 0.22 P-mol/C-mol). In short-term batch tests, both PAO I and II gradually shifted their metabolism to a GAO metabolism when the Poly-P content decreased, but the HAc-uptake rate of PAO I was 4 times lower than that of PAO II, indicating that PAO II has a strong competitive advantage over PAO I when Poly-P is stoichiometrically limiting the VFA uptake. Thus, metabolic flexibility of PAO clades as well as their intrinsic differences are additional factors leading to the controversial anaerobic stoichiometry and kinetic rates observed in previous studies. From a practical perspective, the dominant type of PAO prevailing in full-scale EBPR systems may affect the P-release processes for biological or combined biological and chemical P-removal and recovery and consequently the process performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Welles
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - W D Tian
- Southwest Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute of China, Shennan Road East NO. 1110, Shenzhen 518000, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - S Saad
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Civil Engineering, Ain Shams University, 1 El Sarayat st., Abbassia, 11517 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - B Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - C M Lopez-Vazquez
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - C M Hooijmans
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - M C M van Loosdrecht
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - D Brdjanovic
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands.
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142
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Partial Nitrification and Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal in a Pilot-Scale ABR/MBR Combined Process. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:1003-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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143
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Koller M, Rodríguez-Contreras A. Techniques for tracing PHA-producing organisms and for qualitative and quantitative analysis of intra- and extracellular PHA. Eng Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Koller
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; University of Graz; Graz Austria
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144
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145
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Resource recovery from wastewater: application of meta-omics to phosphorus and carbon management. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 33:260-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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146
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Intracellular Accumulation of Glycine in Polyphosphate-Accumulating Organisms in Activated Sludge, a Novel Storage Mechanism under Dynamic Anaerobic-Aerobic Conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4809-18. [PMID: 25956769 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01012-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic anaerobic-aerobic feast-famine conditions are applied to wastewater treatment plants to select polyphosphate-accumulating organisms to carry out enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Acetate is a well-known substrate to stimulate this process, and here we show that different amino acids also are suitable substrates, with glycine as the most promising. (13)C-labeled glycine and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were applied to investigate uptake and potential storage products when activated sludge was fed with glycine under anaerobic conditions. Glycine was consumed by the biomass, and the majority was stored intracellularly as free glycine and fermentation products. Subsequently, in the aerobic phase without addition of external substrate, the stored glycine was consumed. The uptake of glycine and oxidation of intracellular metabolites took place along with a release and uptake of orthophosphate, respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with microautoradiography using (3)H-labeled glycine revealed uncultured actinobacterial Tetrasphaera as a dominant glycine consumer. Experiments with Tetrasphaera elongata as representative of uncultured Tetrasphaera showed that under anaerobic conditions it was able to take up labeled glycine and accumulate this and other labeled metabolites to an intracellular concentration of approximately 4 mM. All components were consumed under subsequent aerobic conditions. Intracellular accumulation of amino acids seems to be a novel storage strategy for polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria under dynamic anaerobic-aerobic feast-famine conditions.
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147
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Ge H, Batstone DJ, Keller J. Biological phosphorus removal from abattoir wastewater at very short sludge ages mediated by novel PAO clade Comamonadaceae. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 69:173-182. [PMID: 25481076 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent increases in global phosphorus costs, together with the need to remove phosphorus from wastewater to comply with water discharge regulations, make phosphorus recovery from wastewater economically and environmentally attractive. Biological phosphorus (Bio-P) removal process can effectively capture the phosphorus from wastewater and concentrate it in a form that is easily amendable for recovery in contrast to traditional (chemical) phosphorus removal processes. However, Bio-P removal processes have historically been operated at medium to long solids retention times (SRTs, 10-20 days typically), which inherently increases the energy consumption while reducing the recoverable carbon fraction and hence makes it incompatible with the drive towards energy self-sufficient wastewater treatment plants. In this study, a novel high-rate Bio-P removal process has been developed as an energy efficient alternative for phosphorus removal from wastewater through operation at an SRT of less than 4 days. The process was most effective at an SRT of 2-2.5 days, achieving >90% phosphate removal. Further reducing the SRT to 1.7 days resulted in a loss of Bio-P activity. 16S pyrotag sequencing showed the community changed considerably with changes in the SRT, but that Comamonadaceae was consistently abundant when the Bio-P activity was evident. FISH analysis combined with DAPI staining confirmed that bacterial cells of Comamonadaceae arranged in tetrads contained polyphosphate, identifying them as the key polyphosphate accumulating organisms at these low SRT conditions. Overall, this paper demonstrates a novel, high-rate phosphorus removal process that can be effectively integrated with short SRT, energy-efficient carbon removal and recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huoqing Ge
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Damien J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jürg Keller
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia.
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148
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Hatamoto M, Saito Y, Dehama K, Nakahara N, Kuroda K, Takahashi M, Yamaguchi T. Microbial community structure of a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal reactor following treatment in a UASB-DHS system. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:454-461. [PMID: 25714647 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic-anoxic sequence batch reactor (A2SBR) was applied to achieve nitrogen and phosphorus removal in an energy-saving sewage treatment system involving an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket combined with a down-flow hanging sponge reactor to treat municipal sewage. After sludge acclimation, the A2SBR showed satisfactory denitrification and phosphorus removal performance with total phosphate and nitrate concentrations of the effluent of 8.4 ± 3.4 mg-N L⁻¹ and 0.9 ± 0.6 mg-P L⁻¹, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequence and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses revealed that 'Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis' was the dominant phosphate-accumulating micro-organism. Although a competitive bacterium for polyphosphate-accumulating organisms, 'Ca. Competibacter phosphatis', was not detected, Dechloromonas spp. were abundant. The ppk1 gene sequence analysis showed that the type II lineage of 'Ca. Accumulibacter' was dominant. The results suggest that denitrification and phosphorus removal in the A2SBR could be achieved by cooperative activity of 'Ca. Accumulibacter' and nitrate-reducing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hatamoto
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan E-mail:
| | - Yayoi Saito
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan E-mail:
| | - Kazuya Dehama
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan E-mail:
| | - Nozomi Nakahara
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan E-mail:
| | - Kyohei Kuroda
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan E-mail:
| | - Masanobu Takahashi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan E-mail:
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149
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Reyes M, Borrás L, Seco A, Ferrer J. Identification and quantification of microbial populations in activated sludge and anaerobic digestion processes. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:45-53. [PMID: 25409582 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.934745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Eight different phenotypes were studied in an activated sludge process (AeR) and anaerobic digester (AnD) in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant by means of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and automated FISH quantification software. The phenotypes were ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO), glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAO), sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB), methanotrophic bacteria and methanogenic archaea. Some findings were unexpected: (a) Presence of PAO, GAO and denitrifiers in the AeR possibly due to unexpected environmental conditions caused by oxygen deficiencies or its ability to survive aerobically; (b) presence of SRB in the AeR due to high sulphate content of wastewater intake and possibly also due to digested sludge being recycled back into the primary clarifier; (c) presence of methanogenic archaea in the AeR, which can be explained by the recirculation of digested sludge and its ability to survive periods of high oxygen levels; (d) presence of denitrifying bacteria in the AnD which cannot be fully explained because the nitrate level in the AnD was not measured. However, other authors reported the existence of denitrifiers in environments where nitrate or oxygen was not present suggesting that denitrifiers can survive in nitrate-free anaerobic environments by carrying out low-level fermentation; (e) the results of this paper are relevant because of the focus on the identification of nearly all the significant bacterial and archaeal groups of microorganisms with a known phenotype involved in the biological wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reyes
- a Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
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150
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Chen H, Li X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Xue G. Performance of wastewater biological phosphorus removal under long-term exposure to CuNPs: adapting toxicity via microbial community structure adjustment. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11579e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have been used in a wide range of applications, and the released CuNPs entering wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) might pose potential risks to the wastewater biological treatment process, such as phosphorus removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Yanan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - He Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Gang Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
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