101
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Tam NM, Pham MQ, Ha NX, Nam PC, Phung HTT. Computational estimation of potential inhibitors from known drugs against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17478-17486. [PMID: 35479689 PMCID: PMC9032918 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02529e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread worldwide recently, leading to global social and economic disruption. Although the emergently approved vaccine programs against SARS-CoV-2 have been rolled out globally, the number of COVID-19 daily cases and deaths has remained significantly high. Here, we attempt to computationally screen for possible medications for COVID-19 via rapidly estimating the highly potential inhibitors from an FDA-approved drug database against the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. The approach combined molecular docking and fast pulling of ligand (FPL) simulations that were demonstrated to be accurate and suitable for quick prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors. The results suggested that twenty-seven compounds were capable of strongly associating with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Among them, the seven top leads are daclatasvir, teniposide, etoposide, levoleucovorin, naldemedine, cabozantinib, and irinotecan. The potential application of these drugs in COVID-19 therapy has thus been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Tam
- Computational Chemistry Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Minh Quan Pham
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Ha
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environment, Thuyloi University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Pham Cam Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Da Nang, University of Science and Technology Da Nang City Vietnam
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102
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Cáceres CJ, Cardenas-Garcia S, Carnaccini S, Seibert B, Rajao DS, Wang J, Perez DR. Efficacy of GC-376 against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in the K18 hACE2 transgenic mouse model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9609. [PMID: 33953295 PMCID: PMC8100161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the defining global health emergency of this century. GC-376 is a Mpro inhibitor with antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Using the K18-hACE2 mouse model, the in vivo antiviral efficacy of GC-376 against SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated. GC-376 treatment was not toxic in K18-hACE2 mice. Overall outcome of clinical symptoms and survival upon SARS-CoV-2 challenge were not improved in mice treated with GC-376 compared to controls. The treatment with GC-376 slightly improved survival from 0 to 20% in mice challenged with a high virus dose at 105 TCID50/mouse. Most notably, GC-376 treatment led to milder tissue lesions, reduced viral loads, fewer presence of viral antigen, and reduced inflammation in comparison to vehicle-treated controls in mice challenged with a low virus dose at 103 TCID50/mouse. This was particularly the case in the brain where a 5-log reduction in viral titers was observed in GC-376 treated mice compared to vehicle controls. This study supports the notion that GC-376 represents a promising lead candidate for further development to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection and that the K18-hACE2 mouse model is suitable to study antiviral therapies against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joaquín Cáceres
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Silvia Carnaccini
- Tifton Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Brittany Seibert
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniela S Rajao
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Daniel R Perez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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103
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KC GB, Bocci G, Verma S, Hassan MM, Holmes J, Yang JJ, Sirimulla S, Oprea TI. A machine learning platform to estimate anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities. NAT MACH INTELL 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s42256-021-00335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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104
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Shiryaev VA, Klimochkin YN. Main Chemotypes of SARS-CoV-2 Reproduction Inhibitors. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8188765 DOI: 10.1134/s107042802105002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced scientists all over the world to focus their effort on searching for targeted drugs for coronavirus chemotherapy. The present review is an attempt to systematize low-molecular-weight compounds, including well-known pharmaceuticals and natural substances that have exhibited high anti-coronavirus activity, not in terms of action on their targets, but in terms of their structural type.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. A. Shiryaev
- Samara State Technical University, 443100 Samara, Russia
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105
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Shionoya K, Yamasaki M, Iwanami S, Ito Y, Fukushi S, Ohashi H, Saso W, Tanaka T, Aoki S, Kuramochi K, Iwami S, Takahashi Y, Suzuki T, Muramatsu M, Takeda M, Wakita T, Watashi K. Mefloquine, a Potent Anti-severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Drug as an Entry Inhibitor in vitro. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:651403. [PMID: 33995308 PMCID: PMC8119653 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.651403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused serious public health, social, and economic damage worldwide and effective drugs that prevent or cure COVID-19 are urgently needed. Approved drugs including Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir or Interferon were reported to inhibit the infection or propagation of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), however, their clinical efficacies have not yet been well demonstrated. To identify drugs with higher antiviral potency, we screened approved anti-parasitic/anti-protozoal drugs and identified an anti-malarial drug, Mefloquine, which showed the highest anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity among the tested compounds. Mefloquine showed higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity than Hydroxychloroquine in VeroE6/TMPRSS2 and Calu-3 cells, with IC50 = 1.28 μM, IC90 = 2.31 μM, and IC99 = 4.39 μM in VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells. Mefloquine inhibited viral entry after viral attachment to the target cell. Combined treatment with Mefloquine and Nelfinavir, a replication inhibitor, showed synergistic antiviral activity. Our mathematical modeling based on the drug concentration in the lung predicted that Mefloquine administration at a standard treatment dosage could decline viral dynamics in patients, reduce cumulative viral load to 7% and shorten the time until virus elimination by 6.1 days. These data cumulatively underscore Mefloquine as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Shionoya
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Yamasaki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoya Iwanami
- Interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ito
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakana Saso
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Kuramochi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Iwami
- Interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,MIRAI, JST, Saitama, Japan.,Institute of Mathematics for Industry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,NEXT-Ganken Program, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan.,Science Groove Inc., Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,MIRAI, JST, Saitama, Japan.,Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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106
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杨 婵, 程 晨, 王 进, 陈 珂, 詹 剑, 潘 晓, 许 鑫, 徐 伟, 刘 叔. [Salvianolic acid B and its magnesium salt inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero-E6 cells by blocking spike protein-mediated membrane fusion]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:475-482. [PMID: 33963705 PMCID: PMC8110440 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The investigate the inhibitory effects of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomer salvianolic acid B (Sal-B) and its magnesium salt Salvia Miltiorrhiza Polyphenolate Injection (ZDDY) against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and explore the molecular mechanism. OBJECTIVE The anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of Sal-B and ZDDY was assessed using the authentic and pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 infection assay. The antiviral targets of Sal-B were identified by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to examine the structural characteristics of HR1 and HR2 regions of SARS-CoV-2 S protein, and the S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion assay was used to evaluate the effect of Sal-B on virus-cell membrane fusion. Flow cytometry was carried out to analyze the effect of Sal-B on the binding of SARS-CoV-2 RBD to hACE2 receptor. OBJECTIVE The median effective concentrations (EC50) of Sal-B and ZDDY against SARSCoV-2 infection in Vero-E6 cells were 55.47 μmol/L and 36.07 μg/mL, respectively. Both Sal-B and ZDDY successfully inhibited the entry of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus into the cells that stably expressed human ACE2 (ACE2/293T), with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 1.69 μmol/L and 24.81 μg/mL, respectively. Sal-B showed a binding affinity of -8.2 kcal/mol to the 6-helix bundle (6-HB) of SARS-CoV-2 S protein. Molecular dynamics simulation showed stable binding between Sal-B and the 6-HB of SARS-CoV-2 S protein at the predicted binding site. Sal-B disturbed the formation of the secondary structure of 6-HB in HR1P/HR2P mixture, resulting in a significantly lowered α-helicity (P < 0.05). Sal-B dose-dependently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, with an IC50 of 3.33 μmol/L. Sal-B showed no effect on RBD-Fc protein binding to the ACE2 receptor. OBJECTIVE Sal-B and its magnesium salt ZDDY can inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero-E6 cells in vitro by blocking SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated virus-cell membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- 婵 杨
- 广东省新药筛选重点实验室,南方医科大学药学院,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 晨 程
- 广东省新药筛选重点实验室,南方医科大学药学院,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 进绅 王
- 广东省新药筛选重点实验室,南方医科大学药学院,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 珂 陈
- 深圳湾实验室,广东 深圳 518107Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
- 北京大学深圳研究生院,广东 深圳 518055Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - 剑 詹
- 澳大利亚格里菲斯大学,澳大利亚 黄金海岸 4222Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - 晓彦 潘
- 中国科学院 武汉病毒所,湖北 武汉 430071CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - 鑫锋 许
- 广东省新药筛选重点实验室,南方医科大学药学院,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 伟 徐
- 广东省新药筛选重点实验室,南方医科大学药学院,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 叔文 刘
- 广东省新药筛选重点实验室,南方医科大学药学院,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 器官衰竭防治国家重点实验室//广东省肾脏病研究所,广东 广州 510515State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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107
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Villoutreix BO, Krishnamoorthy R, Tamouza R, Leboyer M, Beaune P. Chemoinformatic Analysis of Psychotropic and Antihistaminic Drugs in the Light of Experimental Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activities. Adv Appl Bioinform Chem 2021; 14:71-85. [PMID: 33880039 PMCID: PMC8051956 DOI: 10.2147/aabc.s304649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is an urgent need to identify therapies that prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and improve the outcome of COVID-19 patients. Objective Based upon clinical observations, we proposed that some psychotropic and antihistaminic drugs could protect psychiatric patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This observation is investigated in the light of experimental in vitro data on SARS-CoV-2. Methods SARS-CoV-2 high-throughput screening results are available at the NCATS COVID-19 portal. We investigated the in vitro anti-viral activity of many psychotropic and antihistaminic drugs using chemoinformatics approaches. Results and Discussion We analyze our clinical observations in the light of SARS-CoV-2 experimental screening results and propose that several cationic amphiphilic psychotropic and antihistaminic drugs could protect people from SARS-CoV-2 infection; some of these molecules have very limited adverse effects and could be used as prophylactic drugs. Other cationic amphiphilic drugs used in other disease areas are also highlighted. Recent analyses of patient electronic health records reported by several research groups indicate that some of these molecules could be of interest at different stages of the disease progression. In addition, recently reported drug combination studies further suggest that it might be valuable to associate several cationic amphiphilic drugs. Taken together, these observations underline the need for clinical trials to fully evaluate the potentials of these molecules, some fitting in the so-called category of broad-spectrum antiviral agents. Repositioning orally available drugs that have moderate side effects and should act on molecular mechanisms less prone to drug resistance would indeed be of utmost importance to deal with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno O Villoutreix
- INSERM U1141, NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, F-75019, France
| | - Rajagopal Krishnamoorthy
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuropsychiatrie Translationnelle, AP-HP, Département Medico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU ADAPT), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, F-94010, France
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuropsychiatrie Translationnelle, AP-HP, Département Medico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU ADAPT), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, F-94010, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuropsychiatrie Translationnelle, AP-HP, Département Medico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU ADAPT), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, F-94010, France
| | - Philippe Beaune
- INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, 75006, France
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108
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Ginex T, Garaigorta U, Ramírez D, Castro V, Nozal V, Maestro I, García-Cárceles J, Campillo NE, Martinez A, Gastaminza P, Gil C. Host-Directed FDA-Approved Drugs with Antiviral Activity against SARS-CoV-2 Identified by Hierarchical In Silico/In Vitro Screening Methods. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040332. [PMID: 33917313 PMCID: PMC8067418 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedent situation generated by the COVID-19 global emergency has prompted us to actively work to fight against this pandemic by searching for repurposable agents among FDA approved drugs to shed light into immediate opportunities for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. In the attempt to proceed toward a proper rationalization of the search for new antivirals among approved drugs, we carried out a hierarchical in silico/in vitro protocol which successfully combines virtual and biological screening to speed up the identification of host-directed therapies against COVID-19 in an effective way. To this end a multi-target virtual screening approach focused on host-based targets related to viral entry, followed by the experimental evaluation of the antiviral activity of selected compounds, has been carried out. As a result, five different potentially repurposable drugs interfering with viral entry—cepharantine, clofazimine, metergoline, imatinib and efloxate—have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ginex
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (T.G.); (V.N.); (I.M.); (J.G.-C.); (N.E.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Urtzi Garaigorta
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Calle Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (U.G.); (V.C.)
| | - David Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux 2801—piso 6, Santiago 7500912, Chile;
| | - Victoria Castro
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Calle Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (U.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Vanesa Nozal
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (T.G.); (V.N.); (I.M.); (J.G.-C.); (N.E.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Inés Maestro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (T.G.); (V.N.); (I.M.); (J.G.-C.); (N.E.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Javier García-Cárceles
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (T.G.); (V.N.); (I.M.); (J.G.-C.); (N.E.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Nuria E. Campillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (T.G.); (V.N.); (I.M.); (J.G.-C.); (N.E.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (T.G.); (V.N.); (I.M.); (J.G.-C.); (N.E.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Pablo Gastaminza
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Calle Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (U.G.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (T.G.); (V.N.); (I.M.); (J.G.-C.); (N.E.C.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (C.G.)
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109
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Garcia G, Sharma A, Ramaiah A, Sen C, Purkayastha A, Kohn DB, Parcells MS, Beck S, Kim H, Bakowski MA, Kirkpatrick MG, Riva L, Wolff KC, Han B, Yuen C, Ulmert D, Purbey PK, Scumpia P, Beutler N, Rogers TF, Chatterjee AK, Gabriel G, Bartenschlager R, Gomperts B, Svendsen CN, Betz UAK, Damoiseaux RD, Arumugaswami V. Antiviral drug screen identifies DNA-damage response inhibitor as potent blocker of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108940. [PMID: 33784499 PMCID: PMC7969873 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has currently precipitated the COVID-19 global health crisis. We developed a medium-throughput drug-screening system and identified a small-molecule library of 34 of 430 protein kinase inhibitors that were capable of inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect in human epithelial cells. These drug inhibitors are in various stages of clinical trials. We detected key proteins involved in cellular signaling pathways mTOR-PI3K-AKT, ABL-BCR/MAPK, and DNA-damage response that are critical for SARS-CoV-2 infection. A drug-protein interaction-based secondary screen confirmed compounds, such as the ATR kinase inhibitor berzosertib and torin2 with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Berzosertib exhibited potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in multiple cell types and blocked replication at the post-entry step. Berzosertib inhibited replication of SARS-CoV-1 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) as well. Our study highlights key promising kinase inhibitors to constrain coronavirus replication as a host-directed therapy in the treatment of COVID-19 and beyond as well as provides an important mechanism of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arun Sharma
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Arunachalam Ramaiah
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chandani Sen
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arunima Purkayastha
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Donald B Kohn
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark S Parcells
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Sebastian Beck
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heeyoung Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malina A Bakowski
- Calibr, a division of Scripps Research Institute, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Melanie G Kirkpatrick
- Calibr, a division of Scripps Research Institute, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Laura Riva
- Calibr, a division of Scripps Research Institute, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karen C Wolff
- Calibr, a division of Scripps Research Institute, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brandon Han
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Constance Yuen
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David Ulmert
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Prabhat K Purbey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Philip Scumpia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nathan Beutler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas F Rogers
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; UC San Diego Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Arnab K Chatterjee
- Calibr, a division of Scripps Research Institute, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gülsah Gabriel
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg partner site, Heidelberg, Germany; Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Gomperts
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - Robert D Damoiseaux
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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110
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Imamura K, Sakurai Y, Enami T, Shibukawa R, Nishi Y, Ohta A, Shu T, Kawaguchi J, Okada S, Hoenen T, Yasuda J, Inoue H. iPSC screening for drug repurposing identifies anti-RNA virus agents modulating host cell susceptibility. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1452-1464. [PMID: 33822489 PMCID: PMC8091584 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pathogenic RNA viruses are threats to public health because they are prone to escaping the human immune system through mutations of genomic RNA, thereby causing local outbreaks and global pandemics of emerging or re-emerging viral diseases. While specific therapeutics and vaccines are being developed, a broad-spectrum therapeutic agent for RNA viruses would be beneficial for targeting newly emerging and mutated RNA viruses. In this study, we conducted a screen of repurposed drugs using Sendai virus (an RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae), with human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to explore existing drugs that may present anti-RNA viral activity. Selected hit compounds were evaluated for their efficacy against two important human pathogens: Ebola virus (EBOV) using Huh7 cells and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using Vero E6 cells. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including raloxifene, exhibited antiviral activities against EBOV and SARS-CoV-2. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, also exhibited antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2, and both raloxifene and pioglitazone presented a synergistic antiviral effect. Finally, we demonstrated that SERMs blocked entry steps of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. These findings suggest that the identified FDA-approved drugs can modulate host cell susceptibility against RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Imamura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan.,iPSC-Based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Sakurai
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan.,National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Takako Enami
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ran Shibukawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan.,iPSC-Based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Nishi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Akira Ohta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | | | - Sayaka Okada
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Thomas Hoenen
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jiro Yasuda
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan.,National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan.,iPSC-Based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
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111
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Kropiwnicki E, Evangelista JE, Stein DJ, Clarke DJB, Lachmann A, Kuleshov MV, Jeon M, Jagodnik KM, Ma’ayan A. Drugmonizome and Drugmonizome-ML: integration and abstraction of small molecule attributes for drug enrichment analysis and machine learning. Database (Oxford) 2021; 2021:baab017. [PMID: 33787872 PMCID: PMC8011435 DOI: 10.1093/database/baab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying molecular and structural similarities between seemingly heterogeneous sets of drugs can aid in identifying drug repurposing opportunities and assist in the discovery of novel properties of preclinical small molecules. A wealth of information about drug and small molecule structure, targets, indications and side effects; induced gene expression signatures; and other attributes are publicly available through web-based tools, databases and repositories. By processing, abstracting and aggregating information from these resources into drug set libraries, knowledge about novel properties of drugs and small molecules can be systematically imputed with machine learning. In addition, drug set libraries can be used as the underlying database for drug set enrichment analysis. Here, we present Drugmonizome, a database with a search engine for querying annotated sets of drugs and small molecules for performing drug set enrichment analysis. Utilizing the data within Drugmonizome, we also developed Drugmonizome-ML. Drugmonizome-ML enables users to construct customized machine learning pipelines using the drug set libraries from Drugmonizome. To demonstrate the utility of Drugmonizome, drug sets from 12 independent SARS-CoV-2 in vitro screens were subjected to consensus enrichment analysis. Despite the low overlap among these 12 independent in vitro screens, we identified common biological processes critical for blocking viral replication. To demonstrate Drugmonizome-ML, we constructed a machine learning pipeline to predict whether approved and preclinical drugs may induce peripheral neuropathy as a potential side effect. Overall, the Drugmonizome and Drugmonizome-ML resources provide rich and diverse knowledge about drugs and small molecules for direct systems pharmacology applications. Database URL: https://maayanlab.cloud/drugmonizome/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryk Kropiwnicki
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics; Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC); Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - John E Evangelista
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics; Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC); Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel J Stein
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics; Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC); Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel J B Clarke
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics; Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC); Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexander Lachmann
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics; Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC); Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maxim V Kuleshov
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics; Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC); Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Minji Jeon
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics; Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC); Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kathleen M Jagodnik
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics; Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC); Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Avi Ma’ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics; Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC); Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
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112
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Rodon J, Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Perez-Zsolt D, Noguera-Julian M, Paredes R, Mateu L, Quiñones C, Perez C, Erkizia I, Blanco I, Valencia A, Guallar V, Carrillo J, Blanco J, Segalés J, Clotet B, Vergara-Alert J, Izquierdo-Useros N. Identification of Plitidepsin as Potent Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cytopathic Effect After a Drug Repurposing Screen. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:646676. [PMID: 33841165 PMCID: PMC8033486 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.646676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify therapeutics for the treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although different antivirals are given for the clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection, their efficacy is still under evaluation. Here, we have screened existing drugs approved for human use in a variety of diseases, to compare how they counteract SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effect and viral replication in vitro. Among the potential 72 antivirals tested herein that were previously proposed to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, only 18 % had an IC50 below 25 µM or 102 IU/ml. These included plitidepsin, novel cathepsin inhibitors, nelfinavir mesylate hydrate, interferon 2-alpha, interferon-gamma, fenofibrate, camostat along the well-known remdesivir and chloroquine derivatives. Plitidepsin was the only clinically approved drug displaying nanomolar efficacy. Four of these families, including novel cathepsin inhibitors, blocked viral entry in a cell-type specific manner. Since the most effective antivirals usually combine therapies that tackle the virus at different steps of infection, we also assessed several drug combinations. Although no particular synergy was found, inhibitory combinations did not reduce their antiviral activity. Thus, these combinations could decrease the potential emergence of resistant viruses. Antivirals prioritized herein identify novel compounds and their mode of action, while independently replicating the activity of a reduced proportion of drugs which are mostly approved for clinical use. Combinations of these drugs should be tested in animal models to inform the design of fast track clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Rodon
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | - Marc Noguera-Julian
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Roger Paredes
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | - Carles Perez
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Blanco
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Guallar
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- UAB, CReSA (IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Júlia Vergara-Alert
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
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113
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Tummino TA, Rezelj VV, Fischer B, Fischer A, O'Meara MJ, Monel B, Vallet T, Zhang Z, Alon A, O'Donnell HR, Lyu J, Schadt H, White KM, Krogan NJ, Urban L, Shokat KM, Kruse AC, García-Sastre A, Schwartz O, Moretti F, Vignuzzi M, Pognan F, Shoichet BK. Phospholipidosis is a shared mechanism underlying the in vitro antiviral activity of many repurposed drugs against SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.03.23.436648. [PMID: 33791693 PMCID: PMC8010720 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.23.436648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Repurposing drugs as treatments for COVID-19 has drawn much attention. A common strategy has been to screen for established drugs, typically developed for other indications, that are antiviral in cells or organisms. Intriguingly, most of the drugs that have emerged from these campaigns, though diverse in structure, share a common physical property: cationic amphiphilicity. Provoked by the similarity of these repurposed drugs to those inducing phospholipidosis, a well-known drug side effect, we investigated phospholipidosis as a mechanism for antiviral activity. We tested 23 cationic amphiphilic drugs-including those from phenotypic screens and others that we ourselves had found-for induction of phospholipidosis in cell culture. We found that most of the repurposed drugs, which included hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, amiodarone, and four others that have already progressed to clinical trials, induced phospholipidosis in the same concentration range as their antiviral activity; indeed, there was a strong monotonic correlation between antiviral efficacy and the magnitude of the phospholipidosis. Conversely, drugs active against the same targets that did not induce phospholipidosis were not antiviral. Phospholipidosis depends on the gross physical properties of drugs, and does not reflect specific target-based activities, rather it may be considered a confound in early drug discovery. Understanding its role in infection, and detecting its effects rapidly, will allow the community to better distinguish between drugs and lead compounds that more directly impact COVID-19 from the large proportion of molecules that manifest this confounding effect, saving much time, effort and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia A Tummino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Veronica V Rezelj
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Benoit Fischer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Preclinical Safety, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Fischer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Preclinical Safety, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthew J O'Meara
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Blandine Monel
- Institut Pasteur, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Thomas Vallet
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Assaf Alon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry R O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiankun Lyu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heiko Schadt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Preclinical Safety, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kris M White
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laszlo Urban
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Preclinical Safety, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Francesca Moretti
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Preclinical Safety, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Francois Pognan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Preclinical Safety, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
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114
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Puhl AC, Fritch EJ, Lane TR, Tse LV, Yount BL, Sacramento CQ, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, Tavella TA, Maranhão Costa FT, Weston S, Logue J, Frieman M, Premkumar L, Pearce KH, Hurst BL, Andrade CH, Levi JA, Johnson NJ, Kisthardt SC, Scholle F, Souza TML, Moorman NJ, Baric RS, Madrid PB, Ekins S. Repurposing the Ebola and Marburg Virus Inhibitors Tilorone, Quinacrine, and Pyronaridine: In Vitro Activity against SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Mechanisms. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7454-7468. [PMID: 33778258 PMCID: PMC7992063 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified virus that has resulted in over 2.5 million deaths globally and over 116 million cases globally in March, 2021. Small-molecule inhibitors that reverse disease severity have proven difficult to discover. One of the key approaches that has been widely applied in an effort to speed up the translation of drugs is drug repurposing. A few drugs have shown in vitro activity against Ebola viruses and demonstrated activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vivo. Most notably, the RNA polymerase targeting remdesivir demonstrated activity in vitro and efficacy in the early stage of the disease in humans. Testing other small-molecule drugs that are active against Ebola viruses (EBOVs) would appear a reasonable strategy to evaluate their potential for SARS-CoV-2. We have previously repurposed pyronaridine, tilorone, and quinacrine (from malaria, influenza, and antiprotozoal uses, respectively) as inhibitors of Ebola and Marburg viruses in vitro in HeLa cells and mouse-adapted EBOV in mice in vivo. We have now tested these three drugs in various cell lines (VeroE6, Vero76, Caco-2, Calu-3, A549-ACE2, HUH-7, and monocytes) infected with SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viruses (including MHV and HCoV 229E). The compilation of these results indicated considerable variability in antiviral activity observed across cell lines. We found that tilorone and pyronaridine inhibited the virus replication in A549-ACE2 cells with IC50 values of 180 nM and IC50 198 nM, respectively. We used microscale thermophoresis to test the binding of these molecules to the spike protein, and tilorone and pyronaridine bind to the spike receptor binding domain protein with K d values of 339 and 647 nM, respectively. Human Cmax for pyronaridine and quinacrine is greater than the IC50 observed in A549-ACE2 cells. We also provide novel insights into the mechanism of these compounds which is likely lysosomotropic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Puhl
- Collaborations
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Ethan J. Fritch
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas R. Lane
- Collaborations
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Longping V. Tse
- Department
of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina
School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Boyd L. Yount
- Department
of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina
School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Carolina Q. Sacramento
- Laboratório
de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
- Centro
De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de
Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- Laboratório
de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
- Centro
De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de
Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Tatyana Almeida Tavella
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases—Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacinto da Silva, Department
of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fabio Trindade Maranhão Costa
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases—Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacinto da Silva, Department
of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Stuart Weston
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - James Logue
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Matthew Frieman
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kenneth H. Pearce
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology
and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- UNC
Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Brett L. Hurst
- Institute
for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases—Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacinto da Silva, Department
of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- LabMol—Laboratory of Molecular Modeling
and Drug Design, Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade Federal
de Goiás, Goiânia,
GO 74605-170, Brazil
| | - James A. Levi
- Department of Biological Sciences, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Nicole J. Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Samantha C. Kisthardt
- Department of Biological Sciences, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Frank Scholle
- Department of Biological Sciences, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Thiago Moreno L. Souza
- Laboratório
de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
- Centro
De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de
Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Nathaniel John Moorman
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology
and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery
Initiative, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina
School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery
Initiative, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Peter B. Madrid
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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115
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Feng Z, Chen M, Xue Y, Liang T, Chen H, Zhou Y, Nolin TD, Smith RB, Xie XQ. MCCS: a novel recognition pattern-based method for fast track discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:946-962. [PMID: 33078827 PMCID: PMC7665328 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the scale and rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, or 2019-nCoV), there is an urgent need to identify therapeutics that are effective against COVID-19 before vaccines are available. Since the current rate of SARS-CoV-2 knowledge acquisition via traditional research methods is not sufficient to match the rapid spread of the virus, novel strategies of drug discovery for SARS-CoV-2 infection are required. Structure-based virtual screening for example relies primarily on docking scores and does not take the importance of key residues into consideration, which may lead to a significantly higher incidence rate of false-positive results. Our novel in silico approach, which overcomes these limitations, can be utilized to quickly evaluate FDA-approved drugs for repurposing and combination, as well as designing new chemical agents with therapeutic potential for COVID-19. As a result, anti-HIV or antiviral drugs (lopinavir, tenofovir disoproxil, fosamprenavir and ganciclovir), antiflu drugs (peramivir and zanamivir) and an anti-HCV drug (sofosbuvir) are predicted to bind to 3CLPro in SARS-CoV-2 with therapeutic potential for COVID-19 infection by our new protocol. In addition, we also propose three antidiabetic drugs (acarbose, glyburide and tolazamide) for the potential treatment of COVID-19. Finally, we apply our new virus chemogenomics knowledgebase platform with the integrated machine-learning computing algorithms to identify the potential drug combinations (e.g. remdesivir+chloroquine), which are congruent with ongoing clinical trials. In addition, another 10 compounds from CAS COVID-19 antiviral candidate compounds dataset are also suggested by Molecular Complex Characterizing System with potential treatment for COVID-19. Our work provides a novel strategy for the repurposing and combinations of drugs in the market and for prediction of chemical candidates with anti-COVID-19 potential.
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116
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Herring S, Oda JM, Wagoner J, Kirchmeier D, O'Connor A, Nelson EA, Huang Q, Liang Y, DeWald LE, Johansen LM, Glass PJ, Olinger GG, Ianevski A, Aittokallio T, Paine MF, Fink SL, White JM, Polyak SJ. Inhibition of Arenaviruses by Combinations of Orally Available Approved Drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e01146-20. [PMID: 33468464 PMCID: PMC8097473 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01146-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected diseases caused by arenaviruses such as Lassa virus (LASV) and filoviruses like Ebola virus (EBOV) primarily afflict resource-limited countries, where antiviral drug development is often minimal. Previous studies have shown that many approved drugs developed for other clinical indications inhibit EBOV and LASV and that combinations of these drugs provide synergistic suppression of EBOV, often by blocking discrete steps in virus entry. We hypothesize that repurposing of combinations of orally administered approved drugs provides effective suppression of arenaviruses. In this report, we demonstrate that arbidol, an approved influenza antiviral previously shown to inhibit EBOV, LASV, and many other viruses, inhibits murine leukemia virus (MLV) reporter viruses pseudotyped with the fusion glycoproteins (GPs) of other arenaviruses (Junin virus [JUNV], lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus [LCMV], and Pichinde virus [PICV]). Arbidol and other approved drugs, including aripiprazole, amodiaquine, sertraline, and niclosamide, also inhibit infection of cells by infectious PICV, and arbidol, sertraline, and niclosamide inhibit infectious LASV. Combining arbidol with aripiprazole or sertraline results in the synergistic suppression of LASV and JUNV GP-bearing pseudoviruses. This proof-of-concept study shows that arenavirus infection in vitro can be synergistically inhibited by combinations of approved drugs. This approach may lead to a proactive strategy with which to prepare for and control known and new arenavirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Herring
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica M Oda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica Wagoner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Delaney Kirchmeier
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aidan O'Connor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Nelson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Qinfeng Huang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yuying Liang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa Evans DeWald
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Pamela J Glass
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Aleksandr Ianevski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mary F Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Susan L Fink
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Judith M White
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephen J Polyak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Crespo-Facorro B, Ruiz-Veguilla M, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Sánchez-Hidalgo AC, Garrido-Torres N, Cisneros JM, Prieto C, Sainz J. Aripiprazole as a Candidate Treatment of COVID-19 Identified Through Genomic Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:646701. [PMID: 33762960 PMCID: PMC7982825 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.646701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antipsychotics modulate expression of inflammatory cytokines and inducible inflammatory enzymes. Elopiprazole (a phenylpiperazine antipsychotic drug in phase 1) has been characterized as a therapeutic drug to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection in a repurposing study. We aim to investigate the potential effects of aripiprazole (an FDA approved phenylpiperazine) on COVID-19-related immunological parameters. Methods: Differential gene expression profiles of non-COVID-19 vs. COVID-19 RNA-Seq samples (CRA002390 project in GSA database) and drug-naïve patients with non-affective psychosis at baseline and after three months of aripiprazole treatment were identified. An integrative transcriptomic analyses of aripiprazole effects on differentially expressed genes in COVID-19 patients was performed. Findings: 82 out the 377 genes (21.7%) with expression significantly altered by aripiprazole have also their expression altered in COVID-19 patients and in 93.9% of these genes their expression is reverted by aripiprazole. The number of common genes with expression altered in both analyses is significantly higher than expected (Fisher's Exact Test, two tail; p value = 3.2e-11). 11 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched with genes with altered expression both in COVID-19 patients and aripiprazole medicated non-affective psychosis patients (p adj<0.05). The most significant pathways were associated to immune responses and mechanisms of hyperinflammation-driven pathology (i.e.,"inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)" (the most significant pathway with a p adj of 0.00021), "Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation" and "B cell receptor signaling pathway") that have been also associated with COVID19 clinical outcome. Interpretation: This exploratory investigation may provide further support to the notion that a protective effect is exerted by aripiprazole (phenylpiperazine) by modulating the expression of genes that have shown to be altered in COVID-19 patients. Along with many ongoing studies and clinical trials, repurposing available medications could be of use in countering SARS-CoV-2 infection, but require further studies and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio-IBIS, Sevilla, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio-IBIS, Sevilla, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla - Instituto de Investigacion Marques de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana C. Sánchez-Hidalgo
- Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Sevilla, Spain
- Seville Biomedical Research Centre (IBiS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nathalia Garrido-Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio-IBIS, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose M. Cisneros
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, University of Seville, Salamanca, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Prieto
- Bioinformatics Service, Nucleus, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesus Sainz
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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118
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Plaze M, Attali D, Prot M, Petit AC, Blatzer M, Vinckier F, Levillayer L, Chiaravalli J, Perin-Dureau F, Cachia A, Friedlander G, Chrétien F, Simon-Loriere E, Gaillard R. Inhibition of the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human cells by the FDA-approved drug chlorpromazine. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 57:106274. [PMID: 33387629 PMCID: PMC7772996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urgent action is needed to fight the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by reducing the number of infected cases, contagiousness and severity. Chlorpromazine (CPZ), an antipsychotic from the phenothiazine group, is known to inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis and has antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. The aim of this in-vitro study was to test CPZ against SARS-CoV-2 in monkey and human cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Monkey VeroE6 cells and human alveolar basal epithelial A549-ACE2 cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of various concentrations of CPZ. Supernatants were harvested at day 2 and analysed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Cell viability was assessed in non-infected cells. RESULTS CPZ was found to have antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in monkey VeroE6 cells, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 8.2 µM, half maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 13.5 µM, and selectivity index (SI) of 1.65. In human A549-ACE2 cells, CPZ was also found to have anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, with IC50 of 11.3 µM, CC50 of 23.1 µM and SI of 2.04. DISCUSSION Although the measured SI values are low, the IC50 values measured in vitro may translate to CPZ dosages used in routine clinical practice because of the high biodistribution of CPZ in lungs and saliva. Also, the distribution of CPZ in brain could be of interest for treating or preventing neurological and psychiatric forms of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS These preclinical findings support clinical investigation of the repurposing of CPZ, a drug with mild side effects, in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Plaze
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire Paris 15, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Attali
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire Paris 15, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France; Physics for Medicine Paris, INSERM, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- Institut Pasteur, G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Petit
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire Paris 15, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Michael Blatzer
- Institut Pasteur, Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Vinckier
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire Paris 15, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurine Levillayer
- Institut Pasteur, Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Chiaravalli
- Institut Pasteur, Chemogenomic and Biological Screening Core Facility, C2RT, Paris, France
| | - Florent Perin-Dureau
- Fondation Rothschild, Department of Anaesthesiology, ASMR-II Consulting, Regstem, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Cachia
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Psychologie du développement et de l'Education de l'Enfant, CNRS, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Fabrice Chrétien
- Université de Paris, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Paris, France; GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Service de Neuropathologie, Paris, France
| | | | - Raphaël Gaillard
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire Paris 15, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Paris, France.
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119
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Canal-Rivero M, Catalán-Barragán R, Rubio-García A, Garrido-Torres N, Crespo-Facorro B, Ruiz-Veguilla M. Lower risk of SARS-CoV2 infection in individuals with severe mental disorders on antipsychotic treatment: A retrospective epidemiological study in a representative Spanish population. Schizophr Res 2021; 229:53-54. [PMID: 33631466 PMCID: PMC7894093 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Canal-Rivero
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Spain,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - R. Catalán-Barragán
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Spain
| | - A. Rubio-García
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Spain
| | - N. Garrido-Torres
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Spain,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - B. Crespo-Facorro
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Spain,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain,Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBIS, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla, Spain
| | - M. Ruiz-Veguilla
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Spain,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain,Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
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Gitahy Falcao Faria C, Weiner L, Petrignet J, Hingray C, Ruiz De Pellon Santamaria Á, Villoutreix BO, Beaune P, Leboyer M, Javelot H. Antihistamine and cationic amphiphilic drugs, old molecules as new tools against the COVID-19? Med Hypotheses 2021; 148:110508. [PMID: 33571758 PMCID: PMC7830196 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that certain psychoactive drugs could have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we propose that antihistamines (anti-H1) and cationic amphiphilic drugs (CAD), specifically, have the capacity to disrupt virus entry and replication. In addition, several of these molecules have limited side effects and as such could be promising prophylactic candidates against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gitahy Falcao Faria
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Clinique de Psychiatrie, CHU de Strasbourg, France
| | - Luisa Weiner
- Clinique de Psychiatrie, CHU de Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Petrignet
- Laboratoire Synthèse et Isolement de Molécules BioActives (SIMBA, EA 7502), Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Tours, France
| | - Coraline Hingray
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie d'Adultes du Grand Nancy, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, Laxou, CHU de Nancy, Département de Neurologie, Nancy, France
| | | | - Bruno O Villoutreix
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm U1141, hôpital Robert-Debré, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Beaune
- Inserm U 1138 Centre de recherche des Cordeliers 75006 Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-psychiatrie translationnelle, AP-HP, Département Medico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU ADAPT), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Hervé Javelot
- Etablissement Public de Santé Alsace Nord, Brumath, France Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Pharmacologie Neuro Cardiovasculaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Blaess M, Kaiser L, Sommerfeld O, Csuk R, Deigner HP. Drugs, Metabolites, and Lung Accumulating Small Lysosomotropic Molecules: Multiple Targeting Impedes SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Progress to COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041797. [PMID: 33670304 PMCID: PMC7918659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomotropism is a biological characteristic of small molecules, independently present of their intrinsic pharmacological effects. Lysosomotropic compounds, in general, affect various targets, such as lipid second messengers originating from lysosomal enzymes promoting endothelial stress response in systemic inflammation; inflammatory messengers, such as IL-6; and cathepsin L-dependent viral entry into host cells. This heterogeneous group of drugs and active metabolites comprise various promising candidates with more favorable drug profiles than initially considered (hydroxy) chloroquine in prophylaxis and treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections/Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) triggered by bacterial or viral infections. In this hypothesis, we discuss the possible relationships among lysosomotropism, enrichment in lysosomes of pulmonary tissue, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and transition to COVID-19. Moreover, we deduce further suitable approved drugs and active metabolites based with a more favorable drug profile on rational eligibility criteria, including readily available over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Benefits to patients already receiving lysosomotropic drugs for other pre-existing conditions underline their vital clinical relevance in the current SARS-CoV2/COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Blaess
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (M.B.); (L.K.)
| | - Lars Kaiser
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (M.B.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Sommerfeld
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (M.B.); (L.K.)
- Fraunhofer Institute IZI, Leipzig, EXIM Department, Schillingallee 68, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Tuebingen University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7720-307-4232
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Xiong HL, Cao JL, Shen CG, Ma J, Qiao XY, Shi TS, Ge SX, Ye HM, Zhang J, Yuan Q, Zhang TY, Xia NS. Several FDA-Approved Drugs Effectively Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Infection in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:609592. [PMID: 33613282 PMCID: PMC7892437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.609592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify drugs that are potentially used for the treatment of COVID-19, the potency of 1403 FDA-approved drugs were evaluated using a robust pseudovirus assay and the candidates were further confirmed by authentic SARS-CoV-2 assay. Four compounds, Clomiphene (citrate), Vortioxetine, Vortioxetine (hydrobromide) and Asenapine (hydrochloride), showed potent inhibitory effects in both pseudovirus and authentic virus assay. The combination of Clomiphene (citrate), Vortioxetine and Asenapine (hydrochloride) is much more potent than used alone, with IC50 of 0.34 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Long Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jia-Li Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chen-Guang Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tian-Shu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui-Ming Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tian-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ning-Shao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Lobo-Galo N, Gálvez-Ruíz JC, Balderrama-Carmona AP, Silva-Beltrán NP, Ruiz-Bustos E. Recent biotechnological advances as potential intervention strategies against COVID-19. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:41. [PMID: 33457170 PMCID: PMC7796695 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging SARS-CoV-2 viral disease (COVID-19) has caused a global health alert due to its high rate of infection and mortality in individuals with chronic cardiovascular comorbidities, in addition to generating complex clinical conditions. This has forced the scientific community to explore different strategies that allow combating this viral infection as well as treating life-threatening systemic effect of the infection on the individual. In this work, we have reviewed the most recent scientific evidence to provide a comprehensive panorama regarding the biotechnological strategies that have been proposed to combat this new viral infection. We have focused our analysis on vaccine production, nanotechnology applications, repurposing of know drugs for unrelated pathologies, and the search for bioactive molecules obtained from natural products. The goals include safely use as potential prophylactic or therapeutic treatments, based on in silico and in vivo studies, including clinical trials around the world for the correct and timely diagnosis of the infection. This review aims to highlight the development of new ideas that can decrease the time lines for research output and improve research quality while at the same time, keeping in mind the efficacy and safety aspects of these potential biotechnological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naun Lobo-Galo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua Mexico
| | - Juan-Carlos Gálvez-Ruíz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora Mexico
| | - Ana P. Balderrama-Carmona
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Unidad Regional Sur, Universidad de Sonora, Navojoa, Sonora Mexico
| | - Norma P. Silva-Beltrán
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, campus Cajeme, Universidad de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora Mexico
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Bustos
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora Mexico
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124
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Mengist HM, Mekonnen D, Mohammed A, Shi R, Jin T. Potency, Safety, and Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Potential Inhibitors Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:630500. [PMID: 33597888 PMCID: PMC7883113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.630500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective, safe, and pharmacokinetically suitable drugs are urgently needed to curb the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The main protease or 3C-like protease (Mpro or 3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is considered an important target to formulate potent drugs corresponding to its crucial role in virus replication and maturation in addition to its relatively conserved active site. Promising baseline data on the potency and safety of drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 Mpro are currently available. However, preclinical and clinical data on the pharmacokinetic profiles of these drugs are very limited. This review discusses the potency, safety, and pharmacokinetic profiles of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and forward directions on the development of future studies focusing on COVID-19 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Mekonnen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Mohammed
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ronghua Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
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125
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Watashi K. Identifying and repurposing antiviral drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with in silico and in vitro approaches. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 538:137-144. [PMID: 33272566 PMCID: PMC7678433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus infectious diseases 2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been a serious public health threat worldwide. So far, there are no drugs and vaccines whose efficacy has been well-proven. After the outbreak, there has been a massive search for anti-SARS-CoV-2 medications, focusing on approved drugs because repurposing approved drugs will take less time to reach clinical usage than new drugs. This article summarizes the studies using in silico and in vitro approaches to identify therapeutic candidates among approved drugs that target the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, 278-8510, Japan; Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; MIRAI, JST, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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126
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Joaquín Cáceres C, Cardenas-Garcia S, Carnaccini S, Seibert B, Rajao DS, Wang J, Perez DR. Efficacy of GC-376 against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in the K18 hACE2 transgenic mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33532776 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.27.428428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the defining global health emergency of this century. GC-376 is a M pro inhibitor with antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro . Using the K18-hACE2 mouse model, the in vivo antiviral efficacy of GC-376 against SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated. GC-376 treatment was not toxic in K18-hACE2 mice and produced milder tissue lesions, reduced viral loads, fewer presence of viral antigen, and reduced inflammation in comparison to vehicle-treated controls, most notably in the brain in mice challenged with a low virus dose. Although GC-376 was not sufficient to improve neither clinical symptoms nor survival, it did show a positive effect against SARS-CoV-2 in vivo . This study supports the notion that the K18-hACE2 mouse model is suitable to study antiviral therapies against SARS-CoV-2, and GC-376 represents a promising lead candidate for further development to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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127
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Chen CZ, Shinn P, Itkin Z, Eastman RT, Bostwick R, Rasmussen L, Huang R, Shen M, Hu X, Wilson KM, Brooks BM, Guo H, Zhao T, Klump-Thomas C, Simeonov A, Michael SG, Lo DC, Hall MD, Zheng W. Drug Repurposing Screen for Compounds Inhibiting the Cytopathic Effect of SARS-CoV-2. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:592737. [PMID: 33708112 PMCID: PMC7942396 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.592737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing is a rapid approach to identify therapeutics for the treatment of emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19. To address the urgent need for treatment options, we carried out a quantitative high-throughput screen using a SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic assay with a compound collection of 8,810 approved and investigational drugs, mechanism-based bioactive compounds, and natural products. Three hundred and nineteen compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities were identified and confirmed, including 91 approved drugs and 49 investigational drugs. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of 230 of these confirmed compounds, of which 38 are approved drugs, have not been previously reported. Chlorprothixene, methotrimeprazine, and piperacetazine were the three most potent FDA-approved drugs with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities. These three compounds have not been previously reported to have anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities, although their antiviral activities against SARS-CoV and Ebola virus have been reported. These results demonstrate that this comprehensive data set is a useful resource for drug repurposing efforts, including design of new drug combinations for clinical trials for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Z. Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Paul Shinn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Zina Itkin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Richard T. Eastman
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kelli M. Wilson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Brianna M. Brooks
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Hui Guo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Tongan Zhao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Carleen Klump-Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Samuel G. Michael
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Donald C. Lo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Matthew D. Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, United States
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128
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Bayati A, Kumar R, Francis V, McPherson PS. SARS-CoV-2 infects cells after viral entry via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100306. [PMID: 33476648 PMCID: PMC7816624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of COVID-19, so understanding its biology and infection mechanisms is critical to facing this major medical challenge. SARS-CoV-2 is known to use its spike glycoprotein to interact with the cell surface as a first step in the infection process. As for other coronaviruses, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 next undergoes endocytosis, but whether or not this is required for infectivity and the precise endocytic mechanism used are unknown. Using purified spike glycoprotein and lentivirus pseudotyped with spike glycoprotein, a common model of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, we now demonstrate that after engagement with the plasma membrane, SARS-CoV-2 undergoes rapid, clathrin-mediated endocytosis. This suggests that transfer of viral RNA to the cell cytosol occurs from the lumen of the endosomal system. Importantly, we further demonstrate that knockdown of clathrin heavy chain, which blocks clathrin-mediated endocytosis, reduces viral infectivity. These discoveries reveal that SARS-CoV-2 uses clathrin-mediated endocytosis to gain access into cells and suggests that this process is a key aspect of virus infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Bayati
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Francis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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129
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Salas Rojas M, Silva Garcia R, Bini E, Pérez de la Cruz V, León Contreras JC, Hernández Pando R, Bastida Gonzalez F, Davila-Gonzalez E, Orozco Morales M, Gamboa Domínguez A, Sotelo J, Pineda B. Quinacrine, an Antimalarial Drug with Strong Activity Inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 Viral Replication In Vitro. Viruses 2021; 13:121. [PMID: 33477376 PMCID: PMC7830524 DOI: 10.3390/v13010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinacrine (Qx), a molecule used as an antimalarial, has shown anticancer, antiprion, and antiviral activity. The most relevant antiviral activities of Qx are related to its ability to raise pH in acidic organelles, diminishing viral enzymatic activity for viral cell entry, and its ability to bind to viral DNA and RNA. Moreover, Qx has been used as an immunomodulator in cutaneous lupus erythematosus and various rheumatological diseases, by inhibiting phospholipase A2 modulating the Th1/Th2 response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential antiviral effect of Qx against denominated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Vero E6 cells. The cytotoxicity of Qx in Vero E6 cells was determined by the MTT assay. Afterwards, Vero E6 cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 at different multiplicities of infections (MOIs) of 0.1 and 0.01 in the presence of Qx (0-30 µM) to determinate the half maximal effective concentration (EC50). After 48 h, the effect of Qx against SARS-CoV-2 was assessed by viral cytotoxicity and viral copy numbers, the last were determined by digital real-time RT-PCR (ddRT-PCR). Additionally, electron and confocal microscopy of Vero E6 cells infected and treated with Qx was studied. Our data show that Qx reduces SARS-CoV-2 virus replication and virus cytotoxicity, apparently by inhibition of viral ensemble, as observed by ultrastructural images, suggesting that Qx could be a potential drug for further clinical studies against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Salas Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional “Siglo XXI”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuauhtémoc 330, Mexico Ctiy 06720, Mexico; (M.S.R.); (R.S.G.)
| | - Raúl Silva Garcia
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional “Siglo XXI”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuauhtémoc 330, Mexico Ctiy 06720, Mexico; (M.S.R.); (R.S.G.)
| | - Estela Bini
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Mexico Ctiy 14080, Mexico; (E.B.); (J.C.L.C.); (R.H.P.)
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Laboratorio de Neurobioquímica y Conducta, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Insurgentes sur 3877, Mexico Ctiy 14269, Mexico;
| | - Juan Carlos León Contreras
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Mexico Ctiy 14080, Mexico; (E.B.); (J.C.L.C.); (R.H.P.)
| | - Rogelio Hernández Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Mexico Ctiy 14080, Mexico; (E.B.); (J.C.L.C.); (R.H.P.)
| | - Fernando Bastida Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública del Estado de Mexico, Estado de México, Toluca 50130, Mexico; (F.B.G.); (E.D.-G.)
| | - Eduardo Davila-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública del Estado de Mexico, Estado de México, Toluca 50130, Mexico; (F.B.G.); (E.D.-G.)
| | - Mario Orozco Morales
- Unidad Funcional de Oncología Torácica y Medicina Personalizada, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando 22, Mexico Ctiy 14080, Mexico;
| | - Armando Gamboa Domínguez
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico Ctiy 14080, Mexico;
| | - Julio Sotelo
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Insurgentes sur 3877, Mexico Ctiy 14269, Mexico;
| | - Benjamín Pineda
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Insurgentes sur 3877, Mexico Ctiy 14269, Mexico;
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130
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Abstract
The inbred mouse strain C57BL/6 has been widely used as a background strain for spontaneous and induced mutations. Developed in the 1930s, the C57BL/6 strain
diverged into two major groups in the 1950s, namely, C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N, and more than 20 substrains have been established from them worldwide. We previously
reported genetic differences among C57BL/6 substrains in 2009 and 2015. Since then, dozens of reports have been published on phenotypic differences in
behavioral, neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic traits. Substrains need to be chosen according to the purpose of the study because phenotypic
differences might affect the experimental results. In this paper, we review recent reports of phenotypic and genetic differences among C57BL/6 substrains, focus
our attention on the proper use of C57BL/6 and other inbred strains in the era of genome editing, and provide the life science research community wider
knowledge about this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Mekada
- Department of Zoology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan.,Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshiki
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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131
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Savosina PI, Druzhilovskii DS, Poroikov VV. COVID-19: Analysis of Drug Repositioning Practice. Pharm Chem J 2021; 54:989-996. [PMID: 33456092 PMCID: PMC7797491 DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China in December 2019 became the epicenter for the spread of a global pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus causes a cascade of respiratory diseases similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Currently, there is no effective, specific, and safe treatment for COVID-19 to suppress the virus in the human body. The present study searched for pharmacological substances with antiviral activity for possible drug repositioning based on experimental and theoretical information in a series of publications on in vitro assays of agents against SARS-CoV-2. An analysis identified 46 well-known pharmaceutical substances that could be used for drug repositioning to create a therapy for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. I. Savosina
- V. N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/7 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow, 119121 Russia
| | - D. S. Druzhilovskii
- V. N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/7 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow, 119121 Russia
| | - V. V. Poroikov
- V. N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/7 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow, 119121 Russia
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132
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Tworowski D, Gorohovski A, Mukherjee S, Carmi G, Levy E, Detroja R, Mukherjee SB, Frenkel-Morgenstern M. COVID19 Drug Repository: text-mining the literature in search of putative COVID19 therapeutics. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:D1113-D1121. [PMID: 33166390 PMCID: PMC7778969 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has generated an enormous amount of Big Data. To date, the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19), lists ∼130,000 articles from the WHO COVID-19 database, PubMed Central, medRxiv, and bioRxiv, as collected by Semantic Scholar. According to LitCovid (11 August 2020), ∼40,300 COVID19-related articles are currently listed in PubMed. It has been shown in clinical settings that the analysis of past research results and the mining of available data can provide novel opportunities for the successful application of currently approved therapeutics and their combinations for the treatment of conditions caused by a novel SARS-CoV-2 infection. As such, effective responses to the pandemic require the development of efficient applications, methods and algorithms for data navigation, text-mining, clustering, classification, analysis, and reasoning. Thus, our COVID19 Drug Repository represents a modular platform for drug data navigation and analysis, with an emphasis on COVID-19-related information currently being reported. The COVID19 Drug Repository enables users to focus on different levels of complexity, starting from general information about (FDA-) approved drugs, PubMed references, clinical trials, recipes as well as the descriptions of molecular mechanisms of drugs' action. Our COVID19 drug repository provide a most updated world-wide collection of drugs that has been repurposed for COVID19 treatments around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Tworowski
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Biocomputing of Complex Diseases, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold 8, Safed 13195, Israel
| | - Alessandro Gorohovski
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Biocomputing of Complex Diseases, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold 8, Safed 13195, Israel
| | - Sumit Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Biocomputing of Complex Diseases, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold 8, Safed 13195, Israel
| | - Gon Carmi
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Biocomputing of Complex Diseases, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold 8, Safed 13195, Israel
| | - Eliad Levy
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Biocomputing of Complex Diseases, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold 8, Safed 13195, Israel
| | - Rajesh Detroja
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Biocomputing of Complex Diseases, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold 8, Safed 13195, Israel
| | - Sunanda Biswas Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Biocomputing of Complex Diseases, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold 8, Safed 13195, Israel
| | - Milana Frenkel-Morgenstern
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Biocomputing of Complex Diseases, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold 8, Safed 13195, Israel
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Stip E, Rizvi TA, Mustafa F, Javaid S, Aburuz S, Ahmed NN, Abdel Aziz K, Arnone D, Subbarayan A, Al Mugaddam F, Khan G. The Large Action of Chlorpromazine: Translational and Transdisciplinary Considerations in the Face of COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:577678. [PMID: 33390948 PMCID: PMC7772402 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.577678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in humans that is caused by SARS-associated coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In the context of COVID-19, several aspects of the relations between psychiatry and the pandemic due to the coronavirus have been described. Some drugs used as antiviral medication have neuropsychiatric side effects, and conversely some psychotropic drugs have antiviral properties. Chlorpromazine (CPZ, Largactil®) is a well-established antipsychotic medication that has recently been proposed to have antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. This review aims to 1) inform health care professionals and scientists about the history of CPZ use in psychiatry and its potential anti- SARS-CoV-2 activities 2) inform psychiatrists about its potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities, and 3) propose a research protocol for investigating the use of CPZ in the treatment of COVID-19 during the potential second wave. The history of CPZ's discovery and development is described in addition to the review of literature from published studies within the discipline of virology related to CPZ. The early stages of infection with coronavirus are critical events in the course of the viral cycle. In particular, viral entry is the first step in the interaction between the virus and the cell that can initiate, maintain, and spread the infection. The possible mechanism of action of CPZ is related to virus cell entry via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Therefore, CPZ could be useful to treat COVID-19 patients provided that its efficacy is evaluated in adequate and well-conducted clinical trials. Interestingly, clinical trials of very good quality are in progress. However, more information is still needed about the appropriate dosage regimen. In short, CPZ repositioning is defined as a new use beyond the field of psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Stip
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir A. Rizvi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Javaid
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salahdein Aburuz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nahida Nayaz Ahmed
- Ambulatory Healthcare Services, Al Maqtaa Healthcare Center, Middle Regions Clinics Division, SEHA, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Karim Abdel Aziz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Danilo Arnone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Kings’ College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aravinthan Subbarayan
- Behavioral Sciences Institute (BSI), Al Ain Hospital, SEHA, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fadwa Al Mugaddam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gulfaraz Khan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Puhl AC, Fritch EJ, Lane TR, Tse LV, Yount BL, Sacramento CQ, Tavella TA, Costa FTM, Weston S, Logue J, Frieman M, Premkumar L, Pearce KH, Hurst BL, Andrade CH, Levi JA, Johnson NJ, Kisthardt SC, Scholle F, Souza TML, Moorman NJ, Baric RS, Madrid P, Ekins S. Repurposing the Ebola and Marburg Virus Inhibitors Tilorone, Quinacrine and Pyronaridine: In vitro Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Mechanisms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.12.01.407361. [PMID: 33299990 PMCID: PMC7724658 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.01.407361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a newly identified virus that has resulted in over 1.3 M deaths globally and over 59 M cases globally to date. Small molecule inhibitors that reverse disease severity have proven difficult to discover. One of the key approaches that has been widely applied in an effort to speed up the translation of drugs is drug repurposing. A few drugs have shown in vitro activity against Ebola virus and demonstrated activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vivo . Most notably the RNA polymerase targeting remdesivir demonstrated activity in vitro and efficacy in the early stage of the disease in humans. Testing other small molecule drugs that are active against Ebola virus would seem a reasonable strategy to evaluate their potential for SARS-CoV-2. We have previously repurposed pyronaridine, tilorone and quinacrine (from malaria, influenza, and antiprotozoal uses, respectively) as inhibitors of Ebola and Marburg virus in vitro in HeLa cells and of mouse adapted Ebola virus in mouse in vivo . We have now tested these three drugs in various cell lines (VeroE6, Vero76, Caco-2, Calu-3, A549-ACE2, HUH-7 and monocytes) infected with SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viruses (including MHV and HCoV 229E). The compilation of these results indicated considerable variability in antiviral activity observed across cell lines. We found that tilorone and pyronaridine inhibited the virus replication in A549-ACE2 cells with IC 50 values of 180 nM and IC 50 198 nM, respectively. We have also tested them in a pseudovirus assay and used microscale thermophoresis to test the binding of these molecules to the spike protein. They bind to spike RBD protein with K d values of 339 nM and 647 nM, respectively. Human C max for pyronaridine and quinacrine is greater than the IC 50 hence justifying in vivo evaluation. We also provide novel insights into their mechanism which is likely lysosomotropic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Puhl
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Ethan James Fritch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
| | - Thomas R. Lane
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Longping V. Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
| | - Boyd L. Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
| | - Carol Queiroz Sacramento
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Tatyana Almeida Tavella
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases - Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacinto da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Trindade Maranhão Costa
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases - Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacinto da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Stuart Weston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Logue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Pearce
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Brett L. Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases - Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacinto da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- LabMol - Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - James A. Levi
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Nicole J. Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Samantha C. Kisthardt
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Frank Scholle
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Thiago Moreno L. Souza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Nathaniel John Moorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peter Madrid
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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135
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Lei ZN, Wu ZX, Dong S, Yang DH, Zhang L, Ke Z, Zou C, Chen ZS. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of malaria and repurposing in treating COVID-19. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107672. [PMID: 32910933 PMCID: PMC7476892 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been commonly used for the treatment and prevention of malaria, and the treatment of autoimmune diseases for several decades. As their new mechanisms of actions are identified in recent years, CQ and HCQ have wider therapeutic applications, one of which is to treat viral infectious diseases. Since the pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), CQ and HCQ have been subjected to a number of in vitro and in vivo tests, and their therapeutic prospects for COVID-19 have been proposed. In this article, the applications and mechanisms of action of CQ and HCQ in their conventional fields of anti-malaria and anti-rheumatism, as well as their repurposing prospects in anti-virus are reviewed. The current trials and future potential of CQ and HCQ in combating COVID-19 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Shaowei Dong
- Key Laboratory of medical electrophysiology of education ministry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, China; Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Litu Zhang
- Department of Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chang Zou
- Key Laboratory of medical electrophysiology of education ministry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, China; Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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136
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de Almeida SMV, Santos Soares JC, Dos Santos KL, Alves JEF, Ribeiro AG, Jacob ÍTT, da Silva Ferreira CJ, Dos Santos JC, de Oliveira JF, de Carvalho Junior LB, de Lima MDCA. COVID-19 therapy: What weapons do we bring into battle? Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115757. [PMID: 32992245 PMCID: PMC7481143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Urgent treatments, in any modality, to fight SARS-CoV-2 infections are desired by society in general, by health professionals, by Estate-leaders and, mainly, by the scientific community, because one thing is certain amidst the numerous uncertainties regarding COVID-19: knowledge is the means to discover or to produce an effective treatment against this global disease. Scientists from several areas in the world are still committed to this mission, as shown by the accelerated scientific production in the first half of 2020 with over 25,000 published articles related to the new coronavirus. Three great lines of publications related to COVID-19 were identified for building this article: The first refers to knowledge production concerning the virus and pathophysiology of COVID-19; the second regards efforts to produce vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 at a speed without precedent in the history of science; the third comprehends the attempts to find a marketed drug that can be used to treat COVID-19 by drug repurposing. In this review, the drugs that have been repurposed so far are grouped according to their chemical class. Their structures will be presented to provide better understanding of their structural similarities and possible correlations with mechanisms of actions. This can help identifying anti-SARS-CoV-2 promising therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinara Mônica Vitalino de Almeida
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - José Cleberson Santos Soares
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Keriolaine Lima Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Amélia Galdino Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Íris Trindade Tenório Jacob
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jamerson Ferreira de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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137
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Galindo I, Garaigorta U, Lasala F, Cuesta-Geijo MA, Bueno P, Gil C, Delgado R, Gastaminza P, Alonso C. Antiviral drugs targeting endosomal membrane proteins inhibit distant animal and human pathogenic viruses. Antiviral Res 2020; 186:104990. [PMID: 33249093 PMCID: PMC7690281 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The endocytic pathway is a common strategy that several highly pathogenic viruses use to enter into the cell. To demonstrate the usefulness of this pathway as a common target for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals, the inhibitory effect of drug compounds targeting endosomal membrane proteins were investigated. This study entailed direct comparison of drug effectiveness against animal and human pathogenic viruses, namely Ebola (EBOV), African swine fever virus (ASFV), and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A panel of experimental and FDA-approved compounds targeting calcium channels and PIKfyve at the endosomal membrane caused potent reductions of entry up to 90% in SARS-CoV-2 S-protein pseudotyped retrovirus. Similar inhibition was observed against transduced EBOV glycoprotein pseudovirus and ASFV. SARS-CoV-2 infection was potently inhibited by selective estrogen receptor modulators in cells transduced with pseudovirus, among them Raloxifen inhibited ASFV with very low 50% inhibitory concentration. Finally, the mechanism of the inhibition caused by the latter in ASFV infection was analyzed. Overall, this work shows that cellular proteins related to the endocytic pathway can constitute suitable cellular targets for broad range antiviral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Galindo
- Dpt. Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - U Garaigorta
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CSIC, Calle Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Lasala
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital, 12 de Octubre S/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Cuesta-Geijo
- Dpt. Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Bueno
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital, 12 de Octubre S/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Delgado
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital, 12 de Octubre S/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Gastaminza
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CSIC, Calle Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Alonso
- Dpt. Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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138
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Blaess M, Kaiser L, Sommerfeld O, Rentschler S, Csuk R, Deigner HP. Rational Drug Repurposing: Focus on Lysosomotropism, Targets in Disease Process, Drug Profile, and Pulmonary Tissue Accumulation in SARS-CoV-2 Infection/COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:584881. [PMID: 33692684 PMCID: PMC7938238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.584881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Blaess
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Lars Kaiser
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Sommerfeld
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Simone Rentschler
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.,EXIM Department, Fraunhofer Institute IZI Leipzig, Rostock, Germany.,Faculty of Science, Tuebingen University, Tübingen, Germany
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139
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide since its first incidence in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Although the case fatality rate of COVID-19 appears to be lower than that of SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), the higher transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 has caused the total fatality to surpass other viral diseases, reaching more than 1 million globally as of October 6, 2020. The rate at which the disease is spreading calls for a therapy that is useful for treating a large population. Multiple intersecting viral and host factor targets involved in the life cycle of the virus are being explored. Because of the frequent mutations, many coronaviruses gain zoonotic potential, which is dependent on the presence of cell receptors and proteases, and therefore the targeting of the viral proteins has some drawbacks, as strain-specific drug resistance can occur. Moreover, the limited number of proteins in a virus makes the number of available targets small. Although SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 share common mechanisms of entry and replication, there are substantial differences in viral proteins such as the spike (S) protein. In contrast, targeting cellular factors may result in a broader range of therapies, reducing the chances of developing drug resistance. In this Review, we discuss the role of primary host factors such as the cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), cellular proteases of S protein priming, post-translational modifiers, kinases, inflammatory cells, and their pharmacological intervention in the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Mathew Tharappel
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar Samrat
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Hongmin Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, USA
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140
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Vela JM. Repurposing Sigma-1 Receptor Ligands for COVID-19 Therapy? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:582310. [PMID: 33364957 PMCID: PMC7751758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.582310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of emerging infections, such as COVID-19 pandemic especially, confront health professionals with the unique challenge of treating patients. With no time to discover new drugs, repurposing of approved drugs or in clinical development is likely the only solution. Replication of coronaviruses (CoVs) occurs in a modified membranous compartment derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causes host cell ER stress and activates pathways to facilitate adaptation of the host cell machinery to viral needs. Accordingly, modulation of ER remodeling and ER stress response might be pivotal in elucidating CoV-host interactions and provide a rationale for new therapeutic, host-based antiviral approaches. The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a ligand-operated, ER membrane-bound chaperone that acts as an upstream modulator of ER stress and thus a candidate host protein for host-based repurposing approaches to treat COVID-19 patients. Sig-1R ligands are frequently identified in in vitro drug repurposing screens aiming to identify antiviral compounds against CoVs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sig-1R regulates key mechanisms of the adaptive host cell stress response and takes part in early steps of viral replication. It is enriched in lipid rafts and detergent-resistant ER membranes, where it colocalizes with viral replicase proteins. Indeed, the non-structural SARS-CoV-2 protein Nsp6 interacts with Sig-1R. The activity of Sig-1R ligands against COVID-19 remains to be specifically assessed in clinical trials. This review provides a rationale for targeting Sig-1R as a host-based drug repurposing approach to treat COVID-19 patients. Evidence gained using Sig-1R ligands in unbiased in vitro antiviral drug screens and the potential mechanisms underlying the modulatory effect of Sig-1R on the host cell response are discussed. Targeting Sig-1R is not expected to reduce dramatically established viral replication, but it might interfere with early steps of virus-induced host cell reprogramming, aid to slow down the course of infection, prevent the aggravation of the disease and/or allow a time window to mature a protective immune response. Sig-1R-based medicines could provide benefit not only as early intervention, preventive but also as adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Vela
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals, Barcelona, Spain
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141
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Barh D, Tiwari S, Weener ME, Azevedo V, Góes-Neto A, Gromiha MM, Ghosh P. Multi-omics-based identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection biology and candidate drugs against COVID-19. Comput Biol Med 2020; 126:104051. [PMID: 33131530 PMCID: PMC7547373 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has ushered a global pandemic with no effective drug being available at present. Although several FDA-approved drugs are currently under clinical trials for drug repositioning, there is an on-going global effort for new drug identification. In this paper, using multi-omics (interactome, proteome, transcriptome, and bibliome) data and subsequent integrated analysis, we present the biological events associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify several candidate drugs against this viral disease. We found that: (i) Interactome-based infection pathways differ from the other three omics-based profiles. (ii) Viral process, mRNA splicing, cytokine and interferon signaling, and ubiquitin mediated proteolysis are important pathways in SARS-CoV-2 infection. (iii) SARS-CoV-2 infection also shares pathways with Influenza A, Epstein-Barr virus, HTLV-I, Measles, and Hepatitis virus. (iv) Further, bacterial, parasitic, and protozoan infection pathways such as Tuberculosis, Malaria, and Leishmaniasis are also shared by this virus. (v) A total of 50 candidate drugs, including the prophylaxis agents and pathway specific inhibitors are identified against COVID-19. (vi) Betamethasone, Estrogen, Simvastatin, Hydrocortisone, Tositumomab, Cyclosporin A etc. are among the important drugs. (vii) Ozone, Nitric oxide, plasma components, and photosensitizer drugs are also identified as possible therapeutic candidates. (viii) Curcumin, Retinoic acids, Vitamin D, Arsenic, Copper, and Zinc may be the candidate prophylaxis agents. Nearly 70% of our identified agents are previously suggested to have anti-COVID-19 effects or under clinical trials. Among our identified drugs, the ones that are not yet tested, need validation with caution while an appropriate drug combination from these candidate drugs along with a SARS-CoV-2 specific antiviral agent is needed for effective COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Barh
- Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, WB, India.
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marianna E Weener
- Clinical Research Center, Oftalmic, CRO, 119334, Bardina Str.22/4, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Computacional de Fungos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT-M), Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
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Gendrot M, Andreani J, Jardot P, Hutter S, Delandre O, Boxberger M, Mosnier J, Le Bideau M, Duflot I, Fonta I, Rolland C, Bogreau H, La Scola B, Pradines B. In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Doxycycline against SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 2020; 25:E5064. [PMID: 33142770 PMCID: PMC7663271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, China. Despite containment measures, SARS-CoV-2 spread in Asia, Southern Europe, then in America and currently in Africa. Identifying effective antiviral drugs is urgently needed. An efficient approach to drug discovery is to evaluate whether existing approved drugs can be efficient against SARS-CoV-2. Doxycycline, which is a second-generation tetracycline with broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antimalarial and anti-inflammatory activities, showed in vitro activity on Vero E6 cells infected with a clinically isolated SARS-CoV-2 strain (IHUMI-3) with median effective concentration (EC50) of 4.5 ± 2.9 µM, compatible with oral uptake and intravenous administrations. Doxycycline interacted both on SARS-CoV-2 entry and in replication after virus entry. Besides its in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, doxycycline has anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and could prevent co-infections and superinfections due to broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Therefore, doxycycline could be a potential partner of COVID-19 therapies. However, these results must be taken with caution regarding the potential use in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients: it is difficult to translate in vitro study results to actual clinical treatment in patients. In vivo evaluation in animal experimental models is required to confirm the antiviral effects of doxycycline on SARS-CoV-2 and more trials of high-risk patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 infections must be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Gendrot
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.G.); (O.D.); (J.M.); (I.F.); (H.B.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France;
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (J.A.); (P.J.); (M.B.); (M.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.R.)
| | - Julien Andreani
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (J.A.); (P.J.); (M.B.); (M.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.R.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Priscilla Jardot
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (J.A.); (P.J.); (M.B.); (M.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.R.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Hutter
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France;
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (J.A.); (P.J.); (M.B.); (M.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.R.)
| | - Océane Delandre
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.G.); (O.D.); (J.M.); (I.F.); (H.B.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France;
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (J.A.); (P.J.); (M.B.); (M.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.R.)
| | - Manon Boxberger
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (J.A.); (P.J.); (M.B.); (M.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.R.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Joel Mosnier
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.G.); (O.D.); (J.M.); (I.F.); (H.B.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France;
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (J.A.); (P.J.); (M.B.); (M.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.R.)
- Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Marion Le Bideau
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (J.A.); (P.J.); (M.B.); (M.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.R.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Duflot
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (J.A.); (P.J.); (M.B.); (M.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.R.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Fonta
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.G.); (O.D.); (J.M.); (I.F.); (H.B.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France;
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (J.A.); (P.J.); (M.B.); (M.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.R.)
- Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Clara Rolland
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (J.A.); (P.J.); (M.B.); (M.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.R.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Bogreau
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.G.); (O.D.); (J.M.); (I.F.); (H.B.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France;
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (J.A.); (P.J.); (M.B.); (M.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.R.)
- Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard La Scola
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (J.A.); (P.J.); (M.B.); (M.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.R.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.G.); (O.D.); (J.M.); (I.F.); (H.B.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France;
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (J.A.); (P.J.); (M.B.); (M.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.R.)
- Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, 13005 Marseille, France
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143
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Makarov V, Riabova O, Ekins S, Pluzhnikov N, Chepur S. The past, present and future of RNA respiratory viruses: influenza and coronaviruses. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:ftaa046. [PMID: 32860686 PMCID: PMC7499567 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus and coronaviruses continue to cause pandemics across the globe. We now have a greater understanding of their functions. Unfortunately, the number of drugs in our armory to defend us against them is inadequate. This may require us to think about what mechanisms to address. Here, we review the biological properties of these viruses, their genetic evolution and antiviral therapies that can be used or have been attempted. We will describe several classes of drugs such as serine protease inhibitors, heparin, heparan sulfate receptor inhibitors, chelating agents, immunomodulators and many others. We also briefly describe some of the drug repurposing efforts that have taken place in an effort to rapidly identify molecules to treat patients with COVID-19. While we put a heavy emphasis on the past and present efforts, we also provide some thoughts about what we need to do to prepare for respiratory viral threats in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Makarov
- Federal Research Center Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33-2 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Olga Riabova
- Federal Research Center Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33-2 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Nikolay Pluzhnikov
- State Research Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, St Petersburg 195043, Russia
| | - Sergei Chepur
- State Research Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, St Petersburg 195043, Russia
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144
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The immuno-oncological challenge of COVID-19. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:946-964. [DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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145
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Kinsella CM, Santos PD, Postigo-Hidalgo I, Folgueiras-González A, Passchier TC, Szillat KP, Akello JO, Álvarez-Rodríguez B, Martí-Carreras J. Preparedness needs research: How fundamental science and international collaboration accelerated the response to COVID-19. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008902. [PMID: 33035262 PMCID: PMC7546461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The first cluster of patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified on December 21, 2019, and as of July 29, 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have been linked with 664,333 deaths and number at least 16,932,996 worldwide. Unprecedented in global societal impact, the COVID-19 pandemic has tested local, national, and international preparedness for viral outbreaks to the limits. Just as it will be vital to identify missed opportunities and improve contingency planning for future outbreaks, we must also highlight key successes and build on them. Concomitant to the emergence of a novel viral disease, there is a 'research and development gap' that poses a threat to the overall pace and quality of outbreak response during its most crucial early phase. Here, we outline key components of an adequate research response to novel viral outbreaks using the example of SARS-CoV-2. We highlight the exceptional recent progress made in fundamental science, resulting in the fastest scientific response to a major infectious disease outbreak or pandemic. We underline the vital role of the international research community, from the implementation of diagnostics and contact tracing procedures to the collective search for vaccines and antiviral therapies, sustained by unique information sharing efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac M. Kinsella
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline Dianne Santos
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ignacio Postigo-Hidalgo
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tim Casper Passchier
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin P. Szillat
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Joyce Odeke Akello
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Biology Division, Spiez Laboratory, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beatriz Álvarez-Rodríguez
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Joan Martí-Carreras
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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146
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Chen CZ, Shinn P, Itkin Z, Eastman RT, Bostwick R, Rasmussen L, Huang R, Shen M, Hu X, Wilson KM, Brooks B, Guo H, Zhao T, Klump-Thomas C, Simeonov A, Michael SG, Lo DC, Hall MD, Zheng W. Drug Repurposing Screen for Compounds Inhibiting the Cytopathic Effect of SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.08.18.255877. [PMID: 32839771 PMCID: PMC7444282 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.18.255877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is a rapid approach to identifying therapeutics for the treatment of emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19. To address the urgent need for treatment options, we carried out a quantitative high-throughput screen using a SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic assay with a compound collection of 8,810 approved and investigational drugs, mechanism-based bioactive compounds, and natural products. Three hundred and nineteen compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities were identified and confirmed, including 91 approved drug and 49 investigational drugs. Among these confirmed compounds, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of 230 compounds, including 38 approved drugs, have not been previously reported. Chlorprothixene, methotrimeprazine, and piperacetazine were the three most potent FDA approved drugs with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities. These three compounds have not been previously reported to have anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities, although their antiviral activities against SARS-CoV and Ebola virus have been reported. These results demonstrate that this comprehensive data set of drug repurposing screen for SARS-CoV-2 is useful for drug repurposing efforts including design of new drug combinations for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Z. Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Paul Shinn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Zina Itkin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Richard T. Eastman
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Robert Bostwick
- Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama, 35205
| | - Lynn Rasmussen
- Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama, 35205
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Xin Hu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Kelli M. Wilson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Brianna Brooks
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Hui Guo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Tongan Zhao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Carleen Klump-Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Samuel G. Michael
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Donald C. Lo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Matthew D. Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
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Touret F, Gilles M, Barral K, Nougairède A, van Helden J, Decroly E, de Lamballerie X, Coutard B. In vitro screening of a FDA approved chemical library reveals potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13093. [PMID: 32753646 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.03.023846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, emerged in 2019 in China and rapidly spread worldwide. As no approved therapeutics exists to treat COVID-19, the disease associated to SARS-Cov-2, there is an urgent need to propose molecules that could quickly enter into clinics. Repurposing of approved drugs is a strategy that can bypass the time-consuming stages of drug development. In this study, we screened the PRESTWICK CHEMICAL LIBRARY composed of 1,520 approved drugs in an infected cell-based assay. The robustness of the screen was assessed by the identification of drugs that already demonstrated in vitro antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2. Thereby, 90 compounds were identified as positive hits from the screen and were grouped according to their chemical composition and their known therapeutic effect. Then EC50 and CC50 were determined for a subset of 15 compounds from a panel of 23 selected drugs covering the different groups. Eleven compounds such as macrolides antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, antiarrhythmic agents or CNS drugs emerged showing antiviral potency with 2 < EC50 ≤ 20 µM. By providing new information on molecules inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro, this study provides information for the selection of drugs to be further validated in vivo. Disclaimer: This study corresponds to the early stages of antiviral development and the results do not support by themselves the use of the selected drugs to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Touret
- Unité Des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005, Marseille, France.
| | - Magali Gilles
- Unité Des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Barral
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Nougairède
- Unité Des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques van Helden
- Institut Français de Bioinformatique (IFB), UMS 3601-CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, Lab. Theory and Approaches of Genome Complexity (TAGC), Marseille, France
| | - Etienne Decroly
- AFMB UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité Des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Coutard
- Unité Des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005, Marseille, France.
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148
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Chen Y, Tao H, Shen S, Miao Z, Li L, Jia Y, Zhang H, Bai X, Fu X. A drug screening toolkit based on the -1 ribosomal frameshifting of SARS-CoV-2. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04793. [PMID: 32869005 PMCID: PMC7448739 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The -1 ribosomal frameshifting is vital for the translation of the open reading frame (ORF)1b in SARS-CoV-2. The products of ORF1b participate in viral replication. Therefore, changing the frameshift frequency reduces the survival of the virus. This study aimed to successfully develop a toolkit for screening antiviral drugs. Finally, the FDA-approved drug library was screened, revealing that ivacaftor and (-)-Huperzine A worked well in changing the -1 ribosomal frameshifting of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiong Chen
- Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huan Tao
- Department of Hematology and Research Laboratory of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Silan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiyong Miao
- Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongqian Jia
- Department of Hematology and Research Laboratory of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiufeng Bai
- Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyuan Fu
- Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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149
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Al-Horani RA, Kar S, Aliter KF. Potential Anti-COVID-19 Therapeutics that Block the Early Stage of the Viral Life Cycle: Structures, Mechanisms, and Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5224. [PMID: 32718020 PMCID: PMC7432953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is being caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease continues to present significant challenges to the health care systems around the world. This is primarily because of the lack of vaccines to protect against the infection and the lack of highly effective therapeutics to prevent and/or treat the illness. Nevertheless, researchers have swiftly responded to the pandemic by advancing old and new potential therapeutics into clinical trials. In this review, we summarize potential anti-COVID-19 therapeutics that block the early stage of the viral life cycle. The review presents the structures, mechanisms, and reported results of clinical trials of potential therapeutics that have been listed in clinicaltrials.gov. Given the fact that some of these therapeutics are multi-acting molecules, other relevant mechanisms will also be described. The reviewed therapeutics include small molecules and macromolecules of sulfated polysaccharides, polypeptides, and monoclonal antibodies. The potential therapeutics target viral and/or host proteins or processes that facilitate the early stage of the viral infection. Frequent targets are the viral spike protein, the host angiotensin converting enzyme 2, the host transmembrane protease serine 2, and clathrin-mediated endocytosis process. Overall, the review aims at presenting update-to-date details, so as to enhance awareness of potential therapeutics, and thus, to catalyze their appropriate use in combating the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami A. Al-Horani
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA;
| | - Srabani Kar
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA;
| | - Kholoud F. Aliter
- Department of Chemistry, School of STEM, Dillard University, New Orleans, LA 70122, USA;
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Roustit M, Guilhaumou R, Molimard M, Drici MD, Laporte S, Montastruc JL. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the management of COVID-19: Much kerfuffle but little evidence. Therapie 2020; 75:363-370. [PMID: 32473812 PMCID: PMC7244425 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are drugs that have shown in vitro activity on the replication of certain coronaviruses. In the context of the SARS-Cov-2 epidemic, the virus responsible for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), these two drugs have been proposed as possible treatments. The results of the first clinical studies evaluating the effect of hydroxychloroquine do not support any efficacy of this drug in patients with COVID-19, due to major methodological weaknesses. Yet, these preliminary studies have aroused considerable media interest, raising fears of massive and uncontrolled use. In the absence of evidence of clinical benefits, the main risk is of exposing patients unnecessarily to the well-known adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine, with a possibly increased risk in the specific setting of COVID-19. In addition, widespread use outside of any recommendation risks compromising the completion of good quality clinical trials. The chloroquine hype, fueled by low-quality studies and media announcements, has yielded to the implementation of more than 150 studies worldwide. This represents a waste of resources and a loss of opportunity for other drugs to be properly evaluated. In the context of emergency, rigorous trials are more than ever needed in order to have, as soon as possible, reliable data on drugs that are possibly effective against the disease. Meanwhile, serious adverse drug reactions have been reported in patients with COVID-19 receiving hydroxychloroquine, justifying to limit its prescription, and to perform suitable cardiac and therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roustit
- Pharmacologie clinique, Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU de Grenoble, 38043 Grenoble, France.
| | - R Guilhaumou
- Aix Marseille Université, hôpital de la Timone, institut de neuroscience des systèmes, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - M Molimard
- Service de pharmacologie médicale, University Bordeaux, Inserm U1219, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - M-D Drici
- Pharmacovigilance - Department of Pharmacology, Pasteur Hospital, 06001 Nice, France
| | - S Laporte
- Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, et unité de recherche clinique, innovation, pharmacologie, CHU Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - J-L Montastruc
- Service de pharmacologie médicale et clinque, centre de pharmacovigilance, de pharmacoépidémiologie et d'informations sur le médicament, CIC INSERM 1436, faculté de Médecine, centre hospitalier universitaire de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France
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