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Bajzik V, DeBerg HA, Garabatos N, Rust BJ, Obrien KK, Nguyen Q, O’Rourke C, Smith A, Walker AH, Quinn C, Gersuk VH, Farrington M, Jeong D, Vickery BP, Adelman DC, Wambre E. Oral desensitization therapy for peanut allergy induces dynamic changes in peanut-specific immune responses. Allergy 2022; 77:2534-2548. [PMID: 35266148 PMCID: PMC9356972 DOI: 10.1111/all.15276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PALISADE study, an international, phase 3 trial of peanut oral immunotherapy (POIT) with AR101, resulted in desensitization in children and adolescents who were highly allergic to peanut. An improved understanding of the immune mechanism induced in response to food allergen immunotherapy would enable more informed and effective therapeutic strategies. Our main purpose was to examine the immunological changes in blood samples from a subset of peanut-allergic individuals undergoing oral desensitization immunotherapy with AR101. METHODS Blood samples obtained as part of enrollment screening and at multiple time points during PALISADE study were used to assess basophil and CD4+ T-cell reactivity to peanut. RESULTS The absence of clinical reactivity to the entry double-blinded placebo-controlled peanut challenge (DBPCFC) was accompanied by a significantly lower basophil sensitivity and T-cell reactivity to peanut compared with DBPCFC reactors. At baseline, peanut-reactive TH2A cells were observed in many but not all peanut-allergic patients and their level in peripheral blood correlates with T-cell reactivity to peanut and with serum peanut-specific IgE and IgG4 levels. POIT reshaped circulating peanut-reactive T-cell responses in a subset-dependent manner. Changes in basophil and T-cell responses to peanut closely paralleled clinical benefits to AR101 therapy and resemble responses in those with lower clinical sensitivity to peanut. However, no difference in peanut-reactive Treg cell frequency was observed between groups. CONCLUSION Oral desensitization therapy with AR101 leads to decreased basophil sensitivity to peanut and reshapes peanut-reactive T effector cell responses supporting its potential as an immunomodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Bajzik
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Seattle Washington USA
| | - Hannah A. DeBerg
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Seattle Washington USA
| | - Nahir Garabatos
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Seattle Washington USA
| | - Blake J. Rust
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Seattle Washington USA
| | | | - Quynh‐Anh Nguyen
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Seattle Washington USA
| | - Colin O’Rourke
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Seattle Washington USA
| | - Alex Smith
- Aimmune Therapeutics Brisbane California USA
| | - Alex H. Walker
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Seattle Washington USA
| | - Charlie Quinn
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Seattle Washington USA
| | - Vivian H. Gersuk
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Seattle Washington USA
| | | | - David Jeong
- Virginia Mason Medical Center Seattle Washington USA
| | | | | | - Erik Wambre
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Seattle Washington USA
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102
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Peng Y, Wu W, Li X, Shangguan H, Diao L, Ma H, Wang G, Jia S, Zheng C. Effects of leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma and leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma on the healing of bone-tendon interface of rotator cuff in a mice model. Platelets 2022; 33:1075-1082. [PMID: 35257633 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2044462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used clinically to treat tendon injuries, and often contains leukocytes. However, the debate regarding the concentration of leukocytes in PRP is still ongoing. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma (LR-PRP) and leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP) on the healing of the bone-tendon interface (BTI) of the rotator cuff. A total of 102 C57BL/6 mice were used. Thirty mice were used to prepare the PRP, while 72 underwent acute supraspinatus tendon injury repair. The animals were then randomly assigned to three groups: LR-PRP, LP-PRP and control groups. The mice were euthanized at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, and histological, immunological and biomechanical analyses were performed. The histological results showed that the fusion effect at the bone-tendon interface at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery was greater in the PRP groups and significantly increased at 4 weeks; however, at 8 weeks, the area of the fibrocartilage layer in the LP-PRP group increased significantly. M2 macrophages were observed at the repaired insertion for all the groups at 4 weeks. At 8 weeks, M2 macrophages withdrew back to the tendon in the control group, but some M2 macrophages were retained at the repaired site in the LR-PRP and LP-PRP groups. Enzyme-linked immunoassay results showed that the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in the LR-PRP group were significantly higher than those in the other groups at 4 and 8 weeks, while the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in the LP-PRP group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The biomechanical properties of the BTI were significantly improved in the PRP group. Significantly higher failure load and ultimate strength were seen in the LR-PRP and LP-PRP groups than in the control group at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Thus, LR-RPR can effectively enhance the early stage of bone-tendon interface healing after rotator cuff repair, and LP-PRP could enhance the later stages of healing after rotator cuff injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Peng
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxia Wu
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Jinci College of Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.,Medical College, Huainan Union University, Anhui, China
| | - Hengyi Shangguan
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Luyu Diao
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haozhe Ma
- College of International Education, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanglan Wang
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaohui Jia
- College of Health Science, Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Exercise and Health Promotion, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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103
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Nematode ascarosides attenuate mammalian type 2 inflammatory responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2108686119. [PMID: 35210367 PMCID: PMC8892368 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108686119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal proof-of-concept studies have shown that roundworms have a protective effect against immune-dysregulated disorders, but it has been difficult to study in human trials without individual nematode-derived molecules to develop and test. We discovered that ascarosides, molecules that are secreted by diverse nematodes, suppress asthma in a rodent model via modulation of expression of Il33, a key epithelial cytokine for induction of type 2 immunity, in addition to decreasing memory-type pathogenic Th2 cells and ILC2s and increasing the Il10-expressing subpopulation of interstitial macrophages in the lung. Thus, ascarosides suppress type 2 immune response by affecting both innate and adaptive immunity and could define a potent class of small molecule drugs to treat allergic airway diseases. Mounting evidence suggests that nematode infection can protect against disorders of immune dysregulation. Administration of live parasites or their excretory/secretory (ES) products has shown therapeutic effects across a wide range of animal models for immune disorders, including asthma. Human clinical trials of live parasite ingestion for the treatment of immune disorders have produced promising results, yet concerns persist regarding the ingestion of pathogenic organisms and the immunogenicity of protein components. Despite extensive efforts to define the active components of ES products, no small molecules with immune regulatory activity have been identified from nematodes. Here we show that an evolutionarily conserved family of nematode pheromones called ascarosides strongly modulates the pulmonary immune response and reduces asthma severity in mice. Screening the inhibitory effects of ascarosides produced by animal-parasitic nematodes on the development of asthma in an ovalbumin (OVA) murine model, we found that administration of nanogram quantities of ascr#7 prevented the development of lung eosinophilia, goblet cell metaplasia, and airway hyperreactivity. Ascr#7 suppressed the production of IL-33 from lung epithelial cells and reduced the number of memory-type pathogenic Th2 cells and ILC2s in the lung, both key drivers of the pathology of asthma. Our findings suggest that the mammalian immune system recognizes ascarosides as an evolutionarily conserved molecular signature of parasitic nematodes. The identification of a nematode-produced small molecule underlying the well-documented immunomodulatory effects of ES products may enable the development of treatment strategies for allergic diseases.
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104
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Schröder A, Lunding LP, Zissler UM, Vock C, Webering S, Ehlers JC, Orinska Z, Chaker A, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Lang NJ, Schiller HB, Mall MA, Fehrenbach H, Dinarello CA, Wegmann M. IL-37 regulates allergic inflammation by counterbalancing pro-inflammatory IL-1 and IL-33. Allergy 2022; 77:856-869. [PMID: 34460953 DOI: 10.1111/all.15072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with asthma have impaired production of interleukin (IL) 37; in mice, IL-37 reduces hallmarks of experimental allergic asthma (EAA). However, it remains unclear how IL-37 exerts its inhibitory properties in asthma. This study aimed to identify the mechanism(s) by which IL-37 controls allergic inflammation. METHODS IL-37 target cells were identified by single-cell RNA-seq of IL-1R5 and IL-1R8. Airway tissues were isolated by laser-capture microdissection and examined by microarray-based gene expression analysis. Mononuclear cells (MNC) and airway epithelial cells (AECs) were isolated and stimulated with allergen, IL-1β, or IL-33 together with recombinant human (rh) IL-37. Wild-type, IL-1R1- and IL-33-deficient mice with EAA were treated with rhIL-37. IL-1β, IL-33, and IL-37 levels were determined in sputum and nasal secretions from adult asthma patients without glucocorticoid therapy. RESULTS IL-37 target cells included AECs, T cells, and dendritic cells. In mice with EAA, rhIL-37 led to differential expression of >90 genes induced by IL-1β and IL-33. rhIL-37 reduced production of Th2 cytokines in allergen-activated MNCs from wild-type but not from IL-1R1-deficient mice and inhibited IL-33-induced Th2 cytokine release. Furthermore, rhIL-37 attenuated IL-1β- and IL-33-induced pro-inflammatory mediator expression in murine AEC cultures. In contrast to wild-type mice, hIL-37 had no effect on EAA in IL-1R1- or IL-33-deficient mice. We also observed that expression/production ratios of both IL-1β and IL-33 to IL-37 were dramatically increased in asthma patients compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION IL-37 downregulates allergic airway inflammation by counterbalancing the disease-amplifying effects of IL-1β and IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schröder
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation &‐Regulation, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy Research Center Borstel‐Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Lars P. Lunding
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation &‐Regulation, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy Research Center Borstel‐Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC‐M) Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Christina Vock
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Division of Experimental Pneumology Priority Area Asthma & Allergy Research Center Borstel‐ Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
| | - Sina Webering
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation &‐Regulation, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy Research Center Borstel‐Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Johanna C. Ehlers
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Division of Experimental Pneumology Priority Area Asthma & Allergy Research Center Borstel‐ Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
| | - Zane Orinska
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Division of Experimental Pneumology Priority Area Asthma & Allergy Research Center Borstel‐ Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
| | - Adam Chaker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Medical School Technical, University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC‐M) Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Niklas J. Lang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC‐M) Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany
| | - Herbert B. Schiller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC‐M) Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site Berlin Germany
| | - Heinz Fehrenbach
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Division of Experimental Pneumology Priority Area Asthma & Allergy Research Center Borstel‐ Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine University of Colorado Denver Denver CO USA
- Department of Medicine Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation &‐Regulation, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy Research Center Borstel‐Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
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105
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Ryu SH, Shin HS, Eum HH, Park JS, Choi W, Na HY, In H, Kim TG, Park S, Hwang S, Sohn M, Kim ED, Seo KY, Lee HO, Lee MG, Chu MK, Park CG. Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Produces a Splenic Subset of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells That Efficiently Polarize T Helper Type 2 Cells in Response to Blood-Borne Antigen. Front Immunol 2022; 12:767037. [PMID: 35069539 PMCID: PMC8778578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen-presenting cells that prime naive T cells and initiate adaptive immunity. Although the genetic deficiency and transgenic overexpression of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling were reported to influence the homeostasis of DCs, the in vivo development of DC subsets following injection of GM-CSF has not been analyzed in detail. Among the treatment of mice with different hematopoietic cytokines, only GM-CSF generates a distinct subset of XCR1-33D1- DCs which make up the majority of DCs in the spleen after three daily injections. These GM-CSF-induced DCs (GMiDCs) are distinguished from classical DCs (cDCs) in the spleen by their expression of CD115 and CD301b and by their superior ability to present blood-borne antigen and thus to stimulate CD4+ T cells. Unlike cDCs in the spleen, GMiDCs are exceptionally effective to polarize and expand T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and able to induce allergic sensitization in response to blood-borne antigen. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and adoptive cell transfer assay reveal the sequential differentiation of classical monocytes into pre-GMiDCs and GMiDCs. Interestingly, mixed bone marrow chimeric mice of Csf2rb+/+ and Csf2rb-/- demonstrate that the generation of GMiDCs necessitates the cis expression of GM-CSF receptor. Besides the spleen, GMiDCs are generated in the CCR7-independent resident DCs of the LNs and in some peripheral tissues with GM-CSF treatment. Also, small but significant numbers of GMiDCs are generated in the spleen and other tissues during chronic allergic inflammation. Collectively, our present study identifies a splenic subset of CD115hiCD301b+ GMiDCs that possess a strong capacity to promote Th2 polarization and allergic sensitization against blood-borne antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Hye Ryu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, National Creative Initiatives, Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Hyeon Eum
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Soo Park
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wanho Choi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Young Na
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunju In
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Gyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sejung Park
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soomin Hwang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moah Sohn
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Do Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Ock Lee
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Geol Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Kyung Chu
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae Gyu Park
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Genuv Inc., Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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106
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Cheng Y, Yang C, Chen W, Yan Q, Tan Z, He Z. Effects of substituting soybean meal with corn on immune function and gene expression of gut TLR4 pathway of growing goats. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12910. [PMID: 35186490 PMCID: PMC8830315 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein malnutrition remains a severe problem in ruminant production and can increase susceptibility to infection, especially during the growth stage. This study aimed to explore substituting soybean meal with corn on activation of the TLR pathway and potential impact on immune response bias towards Type 1 or Type 2 using growing female goats as experimental animals. METHODS Twenty-four Xiangdong black goats (initial BW = 19.83 ± 0.53 kg, about 8 ± 0.3 months old) were selected and randomly divided into the corn-soybean meal basal diet group (CON, 10.77% protein) and replacing soybean meal with 100% of corn group (CRS, 5.52% protein). EDTA whole blood and serum samples were collected prior to slaughter for determinations of blood cell counts, anti-inflammatory cytokines and antibodies. The duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon tissues were collected after formal trial to study the effect of CRS diet on the expression of TLR4 pathway. RESULTS Our results showed CRS diet did not induce a significant change in immune function, as evidenced by the observations that white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (Neu), lymphocyte (Lym), monocyte (Mon), eosinophil (Eos), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-13, immunoglobin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM levels in serum were similar between the two groups. RT-PCR results showed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P < 0.01) and interferon-β (IFN-β) (P < 0.01) were up-regulated in the colon of goats in the CRS group. No differences in the expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) adaptor-like protein (TIRAP), IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), TNF receptor related factor 6 (TRAF6), NF-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) or activator protein-1 (AP-1) in the TLR4/MyD88 dependent pathway were observed between the two groups for any of the tested tissue. However, the expression of NF-κB activator (TANK) binding kinase 1 (TBK1) in TLR4/MyD88 independent pathway was up-regulated in the duodenum and colon (P < 0.01), and the expression of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF3) was up-regulated (P < 0.01) in colon. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that the CRS diet failed to induce a significant change in innate immunity and adaptive immunity in growing goats. However, the up-regulated TBK1 and IRF3 in the colon from the CRS goats suggests that the CRS diet may induce the expression of Th1-type proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory response through a TLR4-MyD88-independent pathway, and the colon may be the easiest targeted section in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongxian Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhixiong He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, Hunan, China
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107
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Mao T, Yang R, Luo Y, He K. Crucial role of T cells in NAFLD-related disease: A review and prospect. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1051076. [PMID: 36457551 PMCID: PMC9705593 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1051076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a series of hepatic manifestations, starting with liver steatosis and potentially evolving towards nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its incidence is increasing worldwide. Several factors including metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, lipotoxicity contribute to the liver inflammation. Several immune cell-mediated inflammatory processes are involved in NAFLD in which T cells play a crucial part in the progression of the disease. In this review, we focus on the role of different subsets of both conventional and unconventional T cells in pathogenesis of NAFLD. Factors regarding inflammation and potential therapeutic approaches targeting immune cells in NASH are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kang He, ; Yi Luo,
| | - Kang He
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kang He, ; Yi Luo,
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108
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Manti S, Parisi GF, Papale M, Marseglia GL, Licari A, Leonardi S. Type 2 inflammation in cystic fibrosis: New insights. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33 Suppl 27:15-17. [PMID: 35080292 PMCID: PMC9305411 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, type 2 inflammation has been recognized as one of the most critical factors participating in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF). On the one hand, type 2 inflammation restores tissue homeostasis and contributes to the resolution of inflammation following an injury. On the other hand, type 2 response-activated immune cells may become dysregulated or chronically activated, causing tissue fibrosis. Among the type 2 cytokine-driven inflammatory pathways, the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), interleukin (IL)-17, IL-33, and IL-13 have been identified as essential mediators in patients suffering from CF. Given their critical role, we firmly believe that an adequate comprehension of the type 2-mediated pathways can identify attractive targets to decrease pharmacologically the inflammation and fibrosis occurring in the pulmonary tissue of patients suffering from CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manti
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fabio Parisi
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Papale
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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109
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Raifer H, Schulz AR, Theodorou J, Romero‐Olmedo AJ, Böck A, Bertrams W, Schmeck BT, Chung H, Lohoff M, Chang H, Schaub B, Mei HE, Huber M. Mass cytometry-based identification of a unique T-cell signature in childhood allergic asthma. Allergy 2022; 77:313-316. [PMID: 34564874 DOI: 10.1111/all.15110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmann Raifer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry Philipps‐ University Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Axel R. Schulz
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ) An Institute of the Leibniz Association Berlin Germany
| | - Johanna Theodorou
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- German Center of Lung Research, (DZL) Marburg Germany
| | - Addi J. Romero‐Olmedo
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Andreas Böck
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bertrams
- German Center of Lung Research, (DZL) Marburg Germany
- Institute for Lung Research and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung CenterPhilipps‐University MarburgGerman Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Marburg Germany
| | - Bernd T. Schmeck
- German Center of Lung Research, (DZL) Marburg Germany
- Institute for Lung Research and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung CenterPhilipps‐University MarburgGerman Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Marburg Germany
| | - Ho‐Ryun Chung
- Institute for Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Michael Lohoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Hyun‐Dong Chang
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ) An Institute of the Leibniz Association Berlin Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology Chair of Cytometry, Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- German Center of Lung Research, (DZL) Marburg Germany
| | - Henrik E. Mei
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ) An Institute of the Leibniz Association Berlin Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
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110
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Cameron B, Zaheer SA, Dominguez-Villar M. Control of CD4+ T Cell Differentiation and Function by PI3K Isoforms. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:197-216. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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111
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Onodera A, Kiuchi M, Kokubo K, Nakayama T. Epigenetic regulation of inflammation by CxxC domain‐containing proteins*. Immunol Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.13056
expr 964170082 + 969516512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Onodera
- Department of Immunology Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba Japan
- Institute for Global Prominent Research Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Kota Kokubo
- Department of Immunology Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba Japan
- AMED‐CREST, AMED Chiba Japan
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112
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Onodera A, Kiuchi M, Kokubo K, Nakayama T. Epigenetic regulation of inflammation by CxxC domain-containing proteins. Immunol Rev 2021; 305:137-151. [PMID: 34935162 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene transcription in the immune system is important for proper control of protective and pathogenic inflammation. Aberrant epigenetic modifications are often associated with dysregulation of the immune cells, including lymphocytes and macrophages, leading to pathogenic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Two classical epigenetic markers-histone modifications and DNA cytosine methylation, the latter is the 5 position of the cytosine base in the context of CpG dinucleotides-play multiple roles in the immune system. CxxC domain-containing proteins, which basically bind to the non-methylated CpG (i.e., epigenetic "readers"), often function as "writers" of the epigenetic markers via their catalytic domain within the proteins or by interacting with other epigenetic modifiers. We herein report the most recent advances in our understanding of the functions of CxxC domain-containing proteins in the immune system and inflammation, mainly focusing on T cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Onodera
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kota Kokubo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Chiba, Japan
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113
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Zhang J, Yin H, Chen Q, Zhao G, Lou W, Wu W, Pu N. Basophils as a potential therapeutic target in cancer. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:971-984. [PMID: 34904411 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Basophils, which are considered as redundant relatives of mast cells and the rarest granulocytes in peripheral circulation, have been neglected by researchers in the past decades. Previous studies have revealed their vital roles in allergic diseases and parasitic infections. Intriguingly, recent studies even reported that basophils might be associated with cancer development, as activated basophils synthesize and release a variety of cytokines and chemokines in response to cancers. However, it is still subject to debate whether basophils function as tumor-protecting or tumor-promoting components; the answer may depend on the tumor biology and the microenvironment. Herein, we reviewed the role of basophils in cancers, and highlighted some potential and promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanlin Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiangda Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guochao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenhui Lou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenchuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. , .,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. ,
| | - Ning Pu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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114
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Nakajima T, Kanno T, Yokoyama S, Sasamoto S, Asou HK, Tumes DJ, Ohara O, Nakayama T, Endo Y. ACC1-expressing pathogenic T helper 2 cell populations facilitate lung and skin inflammation in mice. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210639. [PMID: 34813654 PMCID: PMC8614157 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells possess distinguishing effector functions and drive inflammatory disorders. We have previously identified IL-5-producing Th2 cells as the pathogenic population predominantly involved in the pathology of allergic inflammation. However, the cell-intrinsic signaling pathways that control the pathogenic Th2 cell function are still unclear. We herein report the high expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) in the pathogenic CD4+ T cell population in the lung and skin. The genetic deletion of CD4+ T cell-intrinsic ACC1 dampened eosinophilic and basophilic inflammation in the lung and skin by constraining IL-5 or IL-3 production. Mechanistically, ACC1-dependent fatty acid biosynthesis induces the pathogenic cytokine production of CD4+ T cells via metabolic reprogramming and the availability of acetyl-CoA for epigenetic regulation. We thus identified a distinct phenotype of the pathogenic T cell population in the lung and skin, and ACC1 was shown to be an essential regulator controlling the pathogenic function of these populations to promote type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakajima
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigemi Sasamoto
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hikari K. Asou
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Damon J. Tumes
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Omics Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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115
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Multifaceted Roles of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Tumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236132. [PMID: 34885241 PMCID: PMC8656932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Various immune cells are involved in host immune responses to cancer. T-helper (Th) 1 cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and natural killer cells are the major effector cells in anti-tumor immunity, whereas cells such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are negatively involved in anti-tumor immunity. Th2 cells and Th17 cells have been shown to have both pro-tumor and anti-tumor activities. The migratory properties of various immune cells are essential for their function and critically regulated by the chemokine superfamily. In this review, we summarize the roles of various immune cells in tumor immunity and their migratory regulation by the chemokine superfamily. We also assess the therapeutic possibilities of targeting chemokines and chemokine receptors in cancer immunotherapy. Abstract Various immune cells are involved in host tumor immune responses. In particular, there are many T cell subsets with different roles in tumor immunity. T-helper (Th) 1 cells are involved in cellular immunity and thus play the major role in host anti-tumor immunity by inducing and activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). On the other hand, Th2 cells are involved in humoral immunity and suppressive to Th1 responses. Regulatory T (Treg) cells negatively regulate immune responses and contribute to immune evasion of tumor cells. Th17 cells are involved in inflammatory responses and may play a role in tumor progression. However, recent studies have also shown that Th17 cells are capable of directly inducting CTLs and thus may promote anti-tumor immunity. Besides these T cell subsets, there are many other innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are involved in host immune responses to cancer. The migratory properties of various immune cells are critical for their functions and largely regulated by the chemokine superfamily. Thus, chemokines and chemokine receptors play vital roles in the orchestration of host immune responses to cancer. In this review, we overview the various immune cells involved in host responses to cancer and their migratory properties regulated by the chemokine superfamily. Understanding the roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in host immune responses to cancer may provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer immunotherapy.
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116
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Reilly NA, Lutgens E, Kuiper J, Heijmans BT, Jukema JW. Effects of fatty acids on T cell function: role in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:824-837. [PMID: 34253911 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
T cells are among the most common cell types present in atherosclerotic plaques and are increasingly being recognized as a central mediator in atherosclerosis development and progression. At the same time, triglycerides and fatty acids have re-emerged as crucial risk factors for atherosclerosis. Triglycerides and fatty acids are important components of the milieu to which the T cell is exposed from the circulation to the plaque, and increasing evidence shows that fatty acids influence T cell function. In this Review, we discuss the effects of fatty acids on four components of the T cell response - metabolism, activation, proliferation and polarization - and the influence of these changes on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We also discuss how quiescent T cells can undergo a type of metabolic reprogramming induced by exposure to fatty acids in the circulation that influences the subsequent functions of T cells after activation, such as in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie A Reilly
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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117
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Peng J, Siracusa MC. Basophils in antihelminth immunity. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101529. [PMID: 34815162 PMCID: PMC8715908 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been appreciated that basophilia is a common feature of helminth infections for approximately 50 years. The ability of basophils to secrete IL-4 and other type 2 cytokines has supported the prevailing notion that basophils contribute to antihelminth immunity by promoting optimal type 2 T helper (Th2) cell responses. While this appears to be the case in several helminth infections, emerging studies are also revealing that the effector functions of basophils are extremely diverse and parasite-specific. Further, new reports now suggest that basophils can restrict type 2 inflammation in a manner that preserves the integrity of helminth-affected tissue. Finally, exciting data has also demonstrated that basophils can regulate inflammation by participating in neuro-immune interactions. This article will review the current state of basophil biology and describe how recent studies are transforming our understanding of the role basophils play in the context of helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Peng
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mark C Siracusa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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118
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Sarkar MH, Yagi R, Endo Y, Koyama-Nasu R, Wang Y, Hasegawa I, Ito T, Junttila IS, Zhu J, Kimura MY, Nakayama T. IFNγ suppresses the expression of GFI1 and thereby inhibits Th2 cell proliferation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260204. [PMID: 34807911 PMCID: PMC8608330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While IFNγ is a well-known cytokine that actively promotes the type I immune response, it is also known to suppress the type II response by inhibiting the differentiation and proliferation of Th2 cells. However, the mechanism by which IFNγ suppresses Th2 cell proliferation is still not fully understood. We found that IFNγ decreases the expression of growth factor independent-1 transcriptional repressor (GFI1) in Th2 cells, resulting in the inhibition of Th2 cell proliferation. The deletion of the Gfi1 gene in Th2 cells results in the failure of their proliferation, accompanied by an impaired cell cycle progression. In contrast, the enforced expression of GFI1 restores the defective Th2 cell proliferation, even in the presence of IFNγ. These results demonstrate that GFI1 is a key molecule in the IFNγ-mediated inhibition of Th2 cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murshed H. Sarkar
- Department of Immunology, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yagi
- Department of Immunology, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail: (RY); (MYK)
| | - Yukihiro Endo
- Department of Immunology, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryo Koyama-Nasu
- Department of Immunology, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yangsong Wang
- Department of Immunology, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ichita Hasegawa
- Department of Immunology, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ilkka S. Junttila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Motoko Y. Kimura
- Department of Immunology, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail: (RY); (MYK)
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
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119
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Modulation of Production of Th1/Th2 Cytokines in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Neutrophils by Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Chronically Infected Patients. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111519. [PMID: 34832674 PMCID: PMC8624222 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on the cytokine production profiles of the peripheral blood monoculear cells (PBMC) and neutrophils in chronically naïve HCV-infected patients. Seventy-five genotype-4 naïve HCV-infected patients (HCV+) and healthy subjects (HCV-) were enrolled. The neutrophils and the PBMC were separated by density gradient sedimentation and stimulated with a mitogen. The culture supernatants were evaluated for levels of IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α using anti-cytokine antibody MACSPlex capture beads. The PBMC cytokine profiles of HCV+ patients showed significantly lower mean values for IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-9, and IL-10 (p < 0.0001) as compared to HCV- subjects. In contrast, HCV+ patients showed higher mean levels of PBMC cytokine values for IL-5 and TNF-α (p < 0.0001). As for neutrophils, HCV+ patients showed significantly lower mean levels of IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-9, and IL-10 (p < 0.0001). In contrast, the neutrophils from HCV+ patients showed higher mean levels of IL-5, IL-12, and TNF-α (p < 0.0001). Th1-Th2 cytokine ratios suggested a lower Th1 bias in HCV+ subjects as compared to HCV- subjects. Our results suggest that chronic HCV infection brings about an immunomodulatory effect not only on neutrophils, but also to a lower extent on PBMCs.
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120
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Fang X, Li M, Zhang W, Li J, Zhu T. Thrombin induces pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines secretion from human mast cell line (HMC-1) via protease-activated receptors. Mol Immunol 2021; 141:60-69. [PMID: 34808483 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin-induced mast cell activation represents cross-talk between coagulation and inflammation. However, there is still controversy concerning the pro- or anti-inflammatory effects mast cells have in response to thrombin signaling. Human mast cell HMC-1 was incubated with 0.2 U/mL thrombin. Cells and supernatants were collected. Production of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators was determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expression of proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) and -4 (PAR4) mRNA in HMC-1 cells was analyzed by qPCR. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was measured by immunoblotting. Furthermore, the impact of PAR1 inhibitor (SCH79797) and agonist (TFLLR-NH2), PAR4 inhibitor (BMS986120) and agonist (AYPGKF-NH2), and MAPK inhibitors (SB203580, PD98059, and SP600125) on the production of mediators was evaluated using qPCR and ELISA. Thrombin exposure increased pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, expression of PAR1 and PAR4 mRNA, and phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and ERK1/2 MAPKs in HMC-1 cells. SCH79797, BMS986120, and MAPK inhibitors (SB203580, PD98059, and SP600125) were inhibited, while TFLLR-NH2 and AYPGKF-NH2 promoted pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in this process. HMC-1 produces pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines after thrombin incubation, namely PAR1 and PAR4. Alongside HMC-1, MAPK signaling pathways are involved in the production of these mediators. The mast cells showed dual activation after thrombin stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Unit of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Unit of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Unit of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Li S, Wang B, Jiang S, Pan Y, Shi Y, Kong W, Shan Y. Surface-Functionalized Silica-Coated Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Efficiently Deliver DNA-Based HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Vaccines against HIV-1. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53630-53645. [PMID: 34735127 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection remains one of the worst crises in global health. The prevention of HIV-1 infection is a crucial task that needs to be addressed due to the absence of a licensed vaccine against HIV-1. DNA vaccines present a promising alternative approach to combat HIV-1 infection due to their excellent safety profile, lack of severe side effects, and relatively rapid fabrication. Traditional vaccines composed of a monomeric envelope or peptide fragments have been indicated to lack protective efficacy mediated by inducing HIV-1-specific neutralizing antibodies in clinical trials. The immunogenicity and protection against HIV-1 induced by DNA vaccines are limited due to the poor uptake of these vaccines by antigen-presenting cells and their ready degradation by DNases and lysosomes. To address these issues of naked DNA vaccines, we described the feasibility of CpG-functionalized silica-coated calcium phosphate nanoparticles (SCPs) for efficiently delivering DNA-based HIV-1 trimeric envelope vaccines against HIV-1. Vaccines comprising the soluble BG505 SOSIP.664 trimer fused to the GCN4-based isoleucine zipper or bacteriophage T4 fibritin foldon motif with excellent simulation of the native HIV-1 envelope were chosen as trimer-based vaccine platforms. Our results showed that SCP-based DNA immunization could significantly induce both broad humoral immune responses and potent cellular immune responses compared to naked DNA vaccination in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to assess the feasibility of CpG-functionalized SCPs for efficiently delivering DNA vaccines expressing a native-like HIV-1 trimer. These CpG-functionalized SCPs for delivering DNA-based HIV-1 trimeric envelope vaccines may lead to the development of promising vaccine candidates against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Shun Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yi Pan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yaming Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
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Zhang L, Jing J, Han L, Wang J, Zhang W, Liu Z, Gao A. Characterization of gut microbiota, metabolism and cytokines in benzene-induced hematopoietic damage. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112956. [PMID: 34781132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Benzene exposure leads to hematopoietic dysfunction and is characterized clinically by a decrease in blood cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Disturbed gut microbiota may induce host metabolic, immune disorders and the onset of disease. However, the characterization of gut microbiota, metabolism, cytokines and their association with benzene-induced hematopoietic toxicity lacks systematic evidence. Here, the microbiomics, metabolomics and cytokine network were applied to find out the critical characteristics of gut microbiota, metabolism and cytokines in mice involved in the benzene-induced hematopoietic toxicity. We found that the decline in hematopoietic stem cells was earlier than the hematological changes in the 5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg benzene exposure groups. While 125 mg/kg benzene exposure resulted in a significant decline in whole blood cells. High-throughput sequencing results showed that benzene exposure disrupted homeostasis of gut microbiota, metabolism and cytokine in mice. 6 bacteria, 12 plasma metabolites and 6 cytokines were associated with benzene-induced hematopoietic damage. Notably, IL-5 was significantly increased in benzene exposure group in a dose-dependent manner, and a significant negative correlation was found between IL-5 and hematopoietic damage. We further found that increased Family_XIII_AD3011_group at the genus level and decreased Anaerotruncus_sp at the species level in benzene-exposed group were strongly associated with hematopoietic toxicity and IL-5. Furthermore, the abundance of Family_XIII_AD3011_group and Anaerotruncus_sp were negatively correlated with Adipic acid and 4-Hydroxyproline, respectively. Our findings indicated that altered flora structure of gut microbiota affects the metabolic phenotype which acts as messengers for the gut microbes, affecting host inflammation. This preliminary study provides new insight into the potential mechanisms of benzene-induced hematopoietic toxicity, further exploration by functional studies is required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiaru Jing
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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El Ahdab N, Haque M, Madogwe E, Koski KG, Scott ME. Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22082. [PMID: 34764345 PMCID: PMC8585879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal nematode infections common during pregnancy have recently been shown to have impacts that extend to their uninfected offspring including altered brain gene expression. If maternal immune signals reach the neonatal brain, they might alter neuroimmune development. We explored expression of genes associated with four distinct types of T cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg) and with leukocyte transendothelial migration and endocytosis transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in the postnatal brain of offspring of nematode-infected mice, through secondary analysis of a whole brain gene expression database. Th1/Th17 expression was lowered by maternal infection as evidenced by down-regulated expression of IL1β, Th1 receptors and related proteins, and of IL22 and several Th17 genes associated with immunopathology. In contrast, Th2/Treg related pathways were upregulated as shown by higher expression of IL4 and TGF-β family genes. Maternal infection also upregulated expression of pathways and integrin genes involved in transport of leukocytes in between endothelial cells but downregulated endosome vesicle formation related genes that are necessary for endocytosis of immunoglobulins across the BBB. Taken together, pup brain gene expression indicates that maternal nematode infection enhanced movement of leukocytes across the neonatal BBB and promoted a Th2/Treg environment that presumably minimizes the proinflammatory Th1 response in the pup brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal El Ahdab
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Manjurul Haque
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Ejimedo Madogwe
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Kristine G Koski
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Kanno T, Nakajima T, Kawashima Y, Yokoyama S, Asou HK, Sasamoto S, Hayashizaki K, Kinjo Y, Ohara O, Nakayama T, Endo Y. Acsbg1-dependent mitochondrial fitness is a metabolic checkpoint for tissue T reg cell homeostasis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109921. [PMID: 34758300 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical for immunological tolerance and immune homeostasis. Treg cells strongly rely on mitochondrial metabolism and show a lower level of glycolysis. However, little is known about the role of lipid metabolism in the regulation of Treg cell homeostasis. Some members of the ACSL family of acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthases are expressed in T cells, but their function remains unclear. A combination of RNA-sequencing and proteome analyses shows that Acsbg1, a member of ACSL, is selectively expressed in Treg cells. We show that the genetic deletion of Acsbg1 not only causes mitochondrial dysfunction, but it also dampens other metabolic pathways. The extrinsic supplementation of Acsbg1-deficient Treg cells with oleoyl-CoA restores the phenotype of the Treg metabolic signature. Furthermore, this pathway in ST2+ effector Treg cells enhances immunosuppressive capacity in airway inflammation. Thus, Acsbg1 serves as a metabolic checkpoint governing Treg cell homeostasis and the resolution of lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Kanno
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hikari K Asou
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Shigemi Sasamoto
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Koji Hayashizaki
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kinjo
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan; Department of Omics Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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125
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Huang Y, Zhang N, Xu Z, Zhang L, Bachert C. The development of the mucosal concept in chronic rhinosinusitis and its clinical implications. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 10:707-715. [PMID: 34742931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last 2 decades, an increasing understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms in chronic rhinosinusitis opened an avenue from phenotyping to endotyping, from eosinophilic inflammation to type 2 immunity, and from the "ventilation and drainage" paradigm to the mucosal concept for therapeutic considerations. With the advent of type 2 endotyping and targeted biomarkers, precise endotype-driven therapeutic options are possible including biologics and adapted surgical approaches. We here aim to focus on the complexity and heterogeneity of the features of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) endotypes, especially for those with nasal polyps, including its history, latest developments, clinical associations and endotype-driven solutions. In order to better manage uncontrolled severe CRS in clinical practice, medical decisions based on a profound understanding of the pathology and immunology of this heterogeneous disease, aiding a precision-medicine based approach for patient's treatment are pivotal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Huang
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Allergy, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zhaofeng Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, International Airway Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing key laboratory of nasal diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Claus Bachert
- Department of Allergy, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China; Division of ENT diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, International Airway Research Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Qi P, Wei C, Kou D. Beneficial effects of naringenin and morin on interleukin-5 and reactive oxygen species production in BALB/c mice with ovalbumin-induced asthma. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:555-564. [PMID: 34697266 PMCID: PMC8552819 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.6.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of naringenin and morin on IL-5 and ROS production in PMA+ionomycin-treated EL-4 cells with the corroboration of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties using an asthma-induced mouse model. The EL-4 cell line was used to study the outcomes of naringenin or morin, followed by cell viability studies. Western blot analysis and ELISA test were used to determine Th2 mediated cytokines. In vivo studies were carried out on BALB/c mice to induce allergic asthma using ovalbumin administered intraperitoneally. Intracellular ROS was determined using 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, followed by serum enzymatic (AST and ALT) estimations and inflammatory cell count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues. Histopathological studies were conducted to examine lung tissue-stained architecture. Our findings suggested that naringenin and morin significantly suppressed IL-5 and ROS production via various pathways. Interestingly, by reducing NFAT activity, naringenin and morin stimulated HO-1 expression, thereby suppressing IL-5 secretion due to regulating the transcription factor Nrf2 via P13/Akt or ERK/JNK signalling pathways in EL-4 cells, demonstrating the involvement of HO-1 expression in inhibiting asthmatic inflammation. The increased inflammatory cells in the BALF were substantially decreased by both naringenin and morin, followed by inhibition in the elevated Th-2 cytokines levels. The TNF-α protein levels in an allergic asthma mouse model were significantly reduced by suppressing Akt phosphorylation and eosinophil formation. Recent findings confirmed that naringenin and morin possess the potential to control asthma-related immune responses through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, indicating potential therapeutic agents or functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Treatment, Weifang Wei 'en Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Chunhua Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Treatment, Weifang Wei 'en Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Dianbo Kou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Treatment, Weifang Wei 'en Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
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Wang L, Yang F, Qiu Y, Ye L, Song D, Huang D. The Potential Roles of T Cells in Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2021; 48:70-79. [PMID: 34627784 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periapical lesions are inflammatory diseases mainly caused by microbial infection from the root canal system, affecting the integrity of alveolar bone, periapical cementum, and periodontal ligament. The invasion of pathogenic microorganisms activates local inflammation and host immune response, especially the recruitment and differentiation of T cells. Many studies have discussed the fundamental roles of T cell-related immunological regulation and the possible clinical significance of cytokine disorders in periapical lesions. However, oral pathogen-mediated T cell immune response is far more clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discuss the research status of T cell-related immunology involved in the progression of periapical lesions and potential future directions. METHODS We conducted a literature review focusing on T cell-related immunology in periapical lesions by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect online databases. RESULTS In total 108 articles were involved in this narrative review. During the development of periapical lesions, the infiltrated number of different types of T cells and the secretion of T cell-related cytokines in root apex region reflected the inflammatory status of periapical lesions. In addition, it was also highly correlated with the periapical bone destruction. Future study could attempt to provide a wider and deeper study on the expression profile and regulatory function of T cells in the development of periapical lesions. CONCLUSION This review would help us understand the essence of the T cell-related pathology of periapical lesions and raise the potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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128
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Chen LH, Pan CH, Huang SY, Chan CH, Huang HY. The immunomodulatory effects of long-term supplementation with Lactobacillus casei Shirota depend on ovalbumin presentation in BALB/c mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19478. [PMID: 34593870 PMCID: PMC8484482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulation is an ability of several particular probiotics. However, it still remains unclear whether the immunomodulatory effects of specific probiotics vary for different antigen presentation models with the same antigen. To investigate this matter, six groups of BALB/c mice (n = 10) were exposed to one of two antigen presentation models: ovalbumin (OVA) by injection alone, or injection plus intranasal administration. Moreover, the mice were fed distilled water or Lactobacillus casei Shirota fermented beverage (LcSFB) at low (2.5 × 109 CFU/kg body weight) or high doses (5 × 109 CFU/kg body weight) by gavage for 8 weeks. LcSFB enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes, production of OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)-G and IgA, and the ratio of T-helper (Th)-2/Th1 cytokines in mice injected with OVA. Conversely, in the mice treated with OVA by injection plus intranasal administration, LcSFB attenuated the immune responses against OVA by reducing the proliferation of splenocytes, levels of OVA-specific IgE, IgG, and IgM, and ratio of Th2/Th1 cytokines. Moreover, LcSFB increased the percentage of regulatory T cells in the injection plus intranasal administration group. Taken together, this work indicates the immunoregulatory effects of LcSFB depend on how the antigen is presented. Therefore, the use of probiotics to boost the immune system must be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Chen
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Tatung University, 10452, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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Sinonasal Tissue Remodelling during Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Int J Otolaryngol 2021; 2021:7428955. [PMID: 34567126 PMCID: PMC8460364 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7428955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarise contemporary knowledge of sinonasal tissue remodelling during chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a chronic disease involving long-term inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and nasal passage. The concept of tissue remodelling has significant clinical relevance because of its potential to cause irreversibility in chronic airway tissues. Recent studies have indicated that early surgical treatment of CRS may improve clinical outcome. Tissue remodelling has been described in the literature extensively with no consensus on how remodelling is defined. This review describes various factors implicated in establishing remodelling in sinonasal tissues with a special mention of asthma as a comorbid condition. Some of the main histological features of remodelling include basement membrane thickening and collagen modulation. This may be an avenue of research with regard to targeted therapy against remodelling in CRS.
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130
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Guilleminault L, Michelet M, Reber LL. Combining Anti-IgE Monoclonal Antibodies and Oral Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Food Allergy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:216-231. [PMID: 34550555 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy is a real public health problem worldwide. The prevalence of food allergy is particularly high in children. Patients with food allergy experience high morbidity with a change in quality of life due to the risk of severe anaphylaxis. Current treatment options are poor. Allergen avoidance is widely recommended but exposes patients to accidental ingestion. Oral immunotherapy is also used in patients with food allergies to the most common allergens. Oral immunotherapy consists of a daily administration of small, gradually increasing amounts of allergens to induce desensitisation. This procedure aims at inducing immune tolerance to the ingested food allergens. However, some patients experience adverse reactions and discontinue oral immunotherapy.Given that IgE plays a crucial role in food allergy and anti-IgE are effective in allergic asthma, the use of anti-IgE therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as omalizumab has been assessed in food allergy patients. The use of omalizumab as a monotherapy in food allergy has not been extensively studied but looks promising. There is more published evidence regarding the effect of omalizumab and oral immunotherapy in food allergy. Given the promising results of oral immunotherapy regarding sustained tolerance in clinical trials and the potential capacity of omalizumab to reduce symptoms in case of accidental exposure, a strategy combining oral immunotherapy with omalizumab pre-treatment has been suggested as a safer option in patients with severe food allergy compared to isolated therapy. Omalizumab seems useful in ensuring safer administration of oral immunotherapy with the oral immunotherapy maintenance dose being reached more rapidly. Quality-of-life improvement is greater with oral immunotherapy + omalizumab compared to oral immunotherapy alone. Moreover, sustained unresponsiveness is achieved more frequently with omalizumab. Considering that precision medicine and personalised therapy are major goals for allergic diseases, predictive biomarkers are crucial in order to identify food allergy patients more likely to benefit from anti-IgE therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Guilleminault
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious, Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm U1291, University of Toulouse, C. H. U. Purpan, CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergic Diseases, Toulouse University Hospital Centre, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marine Michelet
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious, Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm U1291, University of Toulouse, C. H. U. Purpan, CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Paediatric Pneumo-Allergology Department, Children's Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital Centre, 330 Avenue de Grande Bretagne, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Lionel Reber
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious, Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm U1291, University of Toulouse, C. H. U. Purpan, CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France
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Jackson-Cowan L, Cole EF, Arbiser JL, Silverberg JI, Lawley LP. TH2 sensitization in the skin-gut-brain axis: How early-life Th2-mediated inflammation may negatively perpetuate developmental and psychologic abnormalities. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:1032-1039. [PMID: 34338364 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported children with comorbid atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergies displaying a 2.7-fold increase in developmental delays.2 To this end, we hypothesize unregulated increases in T helper-2 (Th2)-driven inflammation, such as those seen in atopic diseases, can exert deleterious effects on the developing brain. Recognizing that available information is incomplete and that many potential associations are not firmly established, we speculate these effects underlie the association between Th2 sensitization and cognitive dysfunction in children. In this review, we explore the role of Th2 sensitization in the skin-gut-brain axis and explain how it can lead to reduced connectivity and transmission in the developing brain. With a focus on AD, we explore the association between Th2 sensitization and developmental abnormalities such as developmental delays, memory impairment, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and epilepsy/seizures. As such, we review the available literature to examine the impact of increased IL-4 exposure in early life on the brain. We explore the possible association between Th2 sensitization and psychologic dysfunction such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. We also examine the impact that increased exposure to glucocorticoids and neurotrophins in early life exerts on the developing brain. Last, we discuss future directions for the advancement of our knowledge as a scientific community including possible interventions to reduce developmental and psychologic aberrations in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaDonya Jackson-Cowan
- AU/UGA Medical Partnership, The Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Emily F Cole
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Leslie P Lawley
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Fukase S, Ando T, Matsuzawa M, Kimura M, Sone Y, Izawa K, Kaitani A, Kamei A, Kojima M, Nakano N, Maeda K, Shimizu T, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Nishiyama M, Murakami A, Ebihara N, Kitaura J. Pollen shells and soluble factors play non-redundant roles in the development of allergic conjunctivitis in mice. Ocul Surf 2021; 22:152-162. [PMID: 34428578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to clarify the role of particulate allergen exposure to the conjunctiva in the development of allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS We administered ragweed pollen suspension, pollen extract, pollen shell, particulate air pollutants, and their combinations to the mouse conjunctiva five days a week without prior sensitization. Clinical signs were scored. Histological changes, cellular infiltrations, mRNA expressions, lymph node cell recall responses, and serum immunoglobulin levels were assessed. Immune cell-depleting antibodies and ST2 knockout mice were used to investigate the cellular and molecular requirements. RESULTS Pollen suspension, but not the extract or shell alone, induced robust eosinophilic conjunctivitis, accompanied by a proliferative response of epithelial cells. A combination of pollen extract and shell completely restored eosinophil accumulation. In addition, eosinophilic conjunctivitis was induced by a mixture of particulate air pollutants and pollen extract. Mechanistically, eosinophil accumulation was ameliorated by deficiency of the IL-33 receptor ST2 and abolished by depleting CD4+ T cells. Pollen shells, but not the extract, induced IL-33 release from conjunctival epithelial cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the non-redundant roles for the allergens' particulate properties and soluble factors in the development of allergic conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saaya Fukase
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ando
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Moe Matsuzawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Meiko Kimura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sone
- Laboratory of Cell Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kumi Izawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ayako Kaitani
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Anna Kamei
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Science of Allergy and Inflammation, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mayuki Kojima
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakano
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Keiko Maeda
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Cell Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akira Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ebihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Jiro Kitaura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Science of Allergy and Inflammation, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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Nakayama T, Hirahara K, Kimura MY, Iwamura C, Kiuchi M, Kokubo K, Onodera A, Hashimoto K, Motohashi S. CD4 + T cells in inflammatory diseases : pathogenic T-helper cells and the CD69-Myl9 system. Int Immunol 2021; 33:699-704. [PMID: 34427648 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 + T cells direct immune responses against infectious microorganisms but are also involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. In the last two to three decades, various researchers have identified and characterized several functional CD4 + T cell subsets, including T-helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th9 and Th17 cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. In this mini-review, we introduce the concept of pathogenic Th cells that induce inflammatory diseases with a model of disease induction by a population of pathogenic Th cells; "pathogenic Th population disease-induction model". We will focus on Th2 cells that induce allergic airway inflammation-pathogenic Th2 cells (Tpath2 cells)-and discuss the nature of Tpath2 cells that shape the pathology of chronic inflammatory diseases. Various Tpath2 cell subsets have been identified and their unique features are summarized in mouse and human systems. Second, we will discuss how Th cells migrate and are maintained in chronic inflammatory lesions. We propose a model known as the "CD69-Myl9 system". CD69 is a cell surface molecule expressed on activated T cells and interaction with its ligand myosin light chain 9 (Myl9) is required for the induction of inflammatory diseases. Myl9 molecules in the small vessels of inflamed lungs may play a crucial role in the migration of activated T cells into inflammatory lesions. Emerging evidence may provide new insight into the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases and contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for intractable inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoko Y Kimura
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chiaki Iwamura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kota Kokubo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Onodera
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kahoko Hashimoto
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Tsudanuma, Narashino-city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Motohashi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
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134
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Bujanover N, Thapa R, Goldstein O, Olender L, Sharabi O, Milsom MD, Gazit R. Hypersensitivity response has negligible impact on Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1884-1893. [PMID: 34297939 PMCID: PMC8365095 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells are generated from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM). Immune stimulation can rapidly activate HSCs out of their quiescent state to accelerate the generation of immune cells. HSCs' activation follows various viral or bacterial stimuli, and we sought to investigate the hypersensitivity immune response. Surprisingly, the Ova-induced hypersensitivity peritonitis model finds no significant changes in BM HSCs. HSC markers cKIT, SCA1, CD48, CD150, and the Fgd5-mCherry reporter showed no significant difference from control. Functionally, hypersensitivity did not alter HSCs' potency, as assayed by transplantation. We further characterized the possible impact of hypersensitivity using RNA-sequencing of HSCs, finding minor changes at the transcriptome level. Moreover, hypersensitivity induced no significant change in the proliferative state of HSCs. Therefore, this study suggests that, in contrast to other immune stimuli, hypersensitivity has no impact on HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Bujanover
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, 84105, Israel
| | - Roshina Thapa
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, 84105, Israel
| | - Oron Goldstein
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, 84105, Israel; Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Israel
| | - Leonid Olender
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, 84105, Israel
| | - Omri Sharabi
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, 84105, Israel
| | - Michael D Milsom
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Division of Experimental Hematology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roi Gazit
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, 84105, Israel; Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Israel.
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Hosokawa H, Koizumi M, Masuhara K, Romero-Wolf M, Tanaka T, Nakayama T, Rothenberg EV. Stage-specific action of Runx1 and GATA3 controls silencing of PU.1 expression in mouse pro-T cells. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202648. [PMID: 34180951 PMCID: PMC8241539 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PU.1 (encoded by Spi1), an ETS-family transcription factor with many hematopoietic roles, is highly expressed in the earliest intrathymic T cell progenitors but must be down-regulated during T lineage commitment. The transcription factors Runx1 and GATA3 have been implicated in this Spi1 repression, but the basis of the timing was unknown. We show that increasing Runx1 and/or GATA3 down-regulates Spi1 expression in pro-T cells, while deletion of these factors after Spi1 down-regulation reactivates its expression. Leveraging the stage specificities of repression and transcription factor binding revealed an unconventional but functional site in Spi1 intron 2. Acute Cas9-mediated deletion or disruption of the Runx and GATA motifs in this element reactivates silenced Spi1 expression in a pro-T cell line, substantially more than disruption of other candidate elements, and counteracts the repression of Spi1 in primary pro-T cells during commitment. Thus, Runx1 and GATA3 work stage specifically through an intronic silencing element in mouse Spi1 to control strength and maintenance of Spi1 repression during T lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hosokawa
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| | - Maria Koizumi
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kaori Masuhara
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maile Romero-Wolf
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| | - Tomoaki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ellen V Rothenberg
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
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Repetitive aeroallergen challenges elucidate maladaptive epithelial and inflammatory traits that underpin allergic airway diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:533-549. [PMID: 33493557 PMCID: PMC8298629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signifying the 2-compartments/1-disease paradigm, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) and asthma (AA) are prevalent, comorbid conditions triggered by environmental factors (eg, house dust mites [HDMs]). However, despite the ubiquity of triggers, progression to severe ARC/AA is infrequent, suggesting either resilience or adaptation. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether ARC/AA severity relates to maladaptive responses to disease triggers. METHODS Adults with HDM-associated ARC were challenged repetitively with HDMs in an aeroallergen challenge chamber. Mechanistic traits associated with disease severity were identified. RESULTS HDM challenges evoked maladaptive (persistently higher ARC symptoms), adaptive (progressive symptom reduction), and resilient (resistance to symptom induction) phenotypes. Symptom severity in the natural environment was an imprecise correlate of the phenotypes. Nasal airway traits, defined by low inflammation-effectual epithelial integrity, moderate inflammation-effectual epithelial integrity, and higher inflammation-ineffectual epithelial integrity, were hallmarks of the resilient, adaptive, and maladaptive evoked phenotypes, respectively. Highlighting a crosstalk mechanism, peripheral blood inflammatory tone calibrated these traits: ineffectual epithelial integrity associated with CD8+ T cells, whereas airway inflammation associated with both CD8+ T cells and eosinophils. Hallmark peripheral blood maladaptive traits were increased natural killer and CD8+ T cells, lower CD4+ mucosal-associated invariant T cells, and deficiencies along the TLR-IRF-IFN antiviral pathway. Maladaptive traits tracking HDM-associated ARC also contributed to AA risk and severity models. CONCLUSIONS Repetitive challenges with HDMs revealed that maladaptation to disease triggers may underpin ARC/AA disease severity. A combinatorial therapeutic approach may involve reversal of loss-of-beneficial-function traits (ineffectual epithelial integrity, TLR-IRF-IFN deficiencies), mitigation of gain-of-adverse-function traits (inflammation), and blocking of a detrimental crosstalk between the peripheral blood and airway compartments.
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137
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Michailidou D, Schwartz DM, Mustelin T, Hughes GC. Allergic Aspects of IgG4-Related Disease: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:693192. [PMID: 34305927 PMCID: PMC8292787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare systemic fibroinflammatory disease frequently associated with allergy. The pathogenesis of IgG4-RD is poorly understood, and effective therapies are limited. However, IgG4-RD appears to involve some of the same pathogenic mechanisms observed in allergic disease, such as T helper 2 (Th2) and regulatory T cell (Treg) activation, IgG4 and IgE hypersecretion, and blood/tissue eosinophilia. In addition, IgG4-RD tissue fibrosis appears to involve activation of basophils and mast cells and their release of alarmins and cytokines. In this article, we review allergy-like features of IgG4-RD and highlight targeted therapies for allergy that have potential in treating patients with IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Michailidou
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Daniella Muallem Schwartz
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tomas Mustelin
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Grant C. Hughes
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Matsubara K, Kunimura K, Yamane N, Aihara R, Sakurai T, Sakata D, Uruno T, Fukui Y. DOCK8 deficiency causes a skewing to type 2 immunity in the gut with expansion of group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 559:135-140. [PMID: 33940384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Cdc42. In humans, homozygous or compound heterozygous deletions in DOCK8 cause a combined immunodeficiency characterized by various allergic diseases including food allergies. Although group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) contribute to the development of allergic inflammation by producing interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13, the role of ILC2s in DOCK8 deficiency has not been fully explored. With the use of cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), we performed high-dimensional phenotyping of intestinal immune cells and found that DOCK8-deficient (Dock8-/-) mice exhibited expansion of ILC2s and other leukocytes associated with type 2 immunity in the small intestine. Moreover, IL-5- and IL-13-producing cells markedly increased in Dock8-/- mice, and the majority of them were lineage-negative cells, most likely ILC2s. Intestinal ILC2s expanded when DOCK8 expression was selectively deleted in hematopoietic cells. Importantly, intestinal ILC2 expansion was also observed in Dock8VAGR mice having mutations in the catalytic center of DOCK8, thereby failing to activate Cdc42. Our findings indicate that DOCK8 is a negative regulator of intestinal ILC2s to inhibit their expansion via Cdc42 activation, and that deletion of DOCK8 causes a skewing to type 2 immunity in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Matsubara
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kunimura
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Nana Yamane
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Aihara
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakurai
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daiji Sakata
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takehito Uruno
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Onodera A, González-Avalos E, Lio CWJ, Georges RO, Bellacosa A, Nakayama T, Rao A. Roles of TET and TDG in DNA demethylation in proliferating and non-proliferating immune cells. Genome Biol 2021; 22:186. [PMID: 34158086 PMCID: PMC8218415 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TET enzymes mediate DNA demethylation by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Since these oxidized methylcytosines (oxi-mCs) are not recognized by the maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1, DNA demethylation can occur through "passive," replication-dependent dilution when cells divide. A distinct, replication-independent ("active") mechanism of DNA demethylation involves excision of 5fC and 5caC by the DNA repair enzyme thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), followed by base excision repair. RESULTS Here by analyzing inducible gene-disrupted mice, we show that DNA demethylation during primary T cell differentiation occurs mainly through passive replication-dependent dilution of all three oxi-mCs, with only a negligible contribution from TDG. In addition, by pyridine borane sequencing (PB-seq), a simple recently developed method that directly maps 5fC/5caC at single-base resolution, we detect the accumulation of 5fC/5caC in TDG-deleted T cells. We also quantify the occurrence of concordant demethylation within and near enhancer regions in the Il4 locus. In an independent system that does not involve cell division, macrophages treated with liposaccharide accumulate 5hmC at enhancers and show altered gene expression without DNA demethylation; loss of TET enzymes disrupts gene expression, but loss of TDG has no effect. We also observe that mice with long-term (1 year) deletion of Tdg are healthy and show normal survival and hematopoiesis. CONCLUSIONS We have quantified the relative contributions of TET and TDG to cell differentiation and DNA demethylation at representative loci in proliferating T cells. We find that TET enzymes regulate T cell differentiation and DNA demethylation primarily through passive dilution of oxi-mCs. In contrast, while we observe a low level of active, replication-independent DNA demethylation mediated by TDG, this process does not appear to be essential for immune cell activation or differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Onodera
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Edahí González-Avalos
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chan-Wang Jerry Lio
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Present address: Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Romain O Georges
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alfonso Bellacosa
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program & Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Anjana Rao
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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140
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Kinouchi K, Mikami Y, Kanai T, Itoh H. Circadian rhythms in the tissue-specificity from metabolism to immunity; insights from omics studies. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 80:100984. [PMID: 34158177 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Creatures on earth have the capacity to preserve homeostasis in response to changing environments. The circadian clock enables organisms to adapt to daily predictable rhythms in surrounding conditions. In mammals, circadian clocks constitute hierarchical network, where the central pacemaker in hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) serves as a time-keeping machinery and governs peripheral clocks in every other organ through descending neural and humoral factors. The central clock in SCN is reset by light, whilst peripheral clocks are entrained by feeding-fasting rhythms, emphasizing the point that temporal patterns of nutrient availability specifies peripheral clock functions. Indeed, emerging evidence revealed various types of diets or timing of food intake reprogram circadian rhythms in a tissue specific manner. This advancement in understanding of mechanisms underlying tissue specific responsiveness of circadian oscillators to nutrients at the genomic and epigenomic levels is largely owing to employment of state-of-the-art technologies. Specifically, high-throughput transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome have provided insights into how genes, proteins, and metabolites behave over circadian cycles in a given tissue under a certain dietary condition in an unbiased fashion. Additionally, combinations with specialized types of sequencing such as nascent-seq and ribosomal profiling allow us to dissect how circadian rhythms are generated or obliterated at each step of gene regulation. Importantly, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing methods provide chromatin landscape in terms of regulatory mechanisms of circadian gene expression. In this review, we outline recent discoveries on temporal genomic and epigenomic regulation of circadian rhythms, discussing entrainment of the circadian rhythms by feeding as a fundamental new comprehension of metabolism and immune response, and as a potential therapeutic strategy of metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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141
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Scala G, Delaval MN, Mukherjee SP, Federico A, Khaliullin TO, Yanamala N, Fatkhutdinova LM, Kisin ER, Greco D, Fadeel B, Shvedova AA. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes elicit concordant changes in DNA methylation and gene expression following long-term pulmonary exposure in mice. CARBON 2021; 178:563-572. [PMID: 37206955 PMCID: PMC10193301 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) causes inflammation and fibrosis. Our previous work has shown that industrially produced MWCNTs trigger specific changes in gene expression in the lungs of exposed animals. To elucidate whether epigenetic effects play a role for these gene expression changes, we performed whole genome bisulphite sequencing to assess DNA methylation patterns in the lungs 56 days after exposure to MWCNTs. Lung tissues were also evaluated with respect to histopathological changes and cytokine profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was conducted using a multi-plex array. Integrated analysis of transcriptomics data and DNA methylation data revealed concordant changes in gene expression. Functional analysis showed that the muscle contraction, immune system/inflammation, and extracellular matrix pathways were the most affected pathways. Taken together, the present study revealed that MWCNTs exert epigenetic effects in the lungs of exposed animals, potentially driving the subsequent gene expression changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mathilde N. Delaval
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sourav P. Mukherjee
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Federico
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Naveena Yanamala
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Liliya M. Fatkhutdinova
- Department of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena R. Kisin
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Dario Greco
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Corresponding author. (D. Greco)
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author. (B. Fadeel)
| | - Anna A. Shvedova
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Corresponding author. Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA. (A.A. Shvedova)
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142
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Sun C, Feng S. Recent developments in the pathogenesis of pruritus in bullous pemphigoid. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:1441-1448. [PMID: 34037252 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a common autoimmune bullous disease which mainly affects the elderly. The incidence of BP is gradually increasing and associated with high mortality. This disease is clinically characterized by intensely pruritic and widespread bullous lesions. Alternative therapy options for pruritus in patients with BP are limited primarily because pathophysiological mechanisms of itching in BP are still unclear. This review aims to explain crucial concepts of the pathogenesis of pruritus in BP. Vital findings in recent years will be summarized, and cofactors of the pathogenesis of pruritus will be discussed in detail. We will summarize knowledge on pathogenic factors in the immunologic level conducing to skin pruritus in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology and Hospital of Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Suying Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology and Hospital of Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
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143
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Nakayama M, Hori A, Toyoura S, Yamaguchi SI. Shaping of T Cell Functions by Trogocytosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051155. [PMID: 34068819 PMCID: PMC8151334 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trogocytosis is an active process whereby plasma membrane proteins are transferred from one cell to the other cell in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner. Since the discovery of the intercellular transfer of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in the 1970s, trogocytosis of MHC molecules between various immune cells has been frequently observed. For instance, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) acquire MHC class I (MHCI) from allografts, tumors, and virally infected cells, and these APCs are subsequently able to prime CD8+ T cells without antigen processing via the preformed antigen-MHCI complexes, in a process called cross-dressing. T cells also acquire MHC molecules from APCs or other target cells via the immunological synapse formed at the cell-cell contact area, and this phenomenon impacts T cell activation. Compared with naïve and effector T cells, T regulatory cells have increased trogocytosis activity in order to remove MHC class II and costimulatory molecules from APCs, resulting in the induction of tolerance. Accumulating evidence suggests that trogocytosis shapes T cell functions in cancer, transplantation, and during microbial infections. In this review, we focus on T cell trogocytosis and the related inflammatory diseases.
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144
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Hirahara K, Kokubo K, Aoki A, Kiuchi M, Nakayama T. The Role of CD4 + Resident Memory T Cells in Local Immunity in the Mucosal Tissue - Protection Versus Pathology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616309. [PMID: 33968018 PMCID: PMC8097179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells are crucial for both local and systemic protection against pathogens over a long period of time. Three major subsets of memory T cells; effector memory T (TEM) cells, central memory T (TCM) cells, and tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells have been identified. The most recently identified subset, TRM cells, is characterized by the expression of the C-type lectin CD69 and/or the integrin CD103. TRM cells persist locally at sites of mucosal tissue, such as the lung, where they provide frontline defense against various pathogens. Importantly, however, TRM cells are also involved in shaping the pathology of inflammatory diseases. A number of pioneering studies revealed important roles of CD8+ TRM cells, particularly those in the local control of viral infection. However, the protective function and pathogenic role of CD4+ TRM cells that reside within the mucosal tissue remain largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the ambivalent feature of CD4+ TRM cells in the protective and pathological immune responses. We also review the transcriptional and epigenetic characteristics of CD4+ TRM cells in the lung that have been elucidated by recent technical approaches. A better understanding of the function of CD4+ TRM cells is crucial for the development of both effective vaccination against pathogens and new therapeutic strategies for intractable inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and chronic allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kota Kokubo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ami Aoki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiba, Japan
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145
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Bertschi NL, Bazzini C, Schlapbach C. The Concept of Pathogenic TH2 Cells: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2021. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2021; 182:365-380. [PMID: 33845475 DOI: 10.1159/000515144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper (TH) cells have evolved into distinct subsets that mediate specific immune responses to protect the host against a myriad of infectious and noninfectious challenges. However, if dysregulated, TH-cell subsets can cause inflammatory disease. Emerging evidence now suggests that human allergic disease is caused by a distinct subpopulation of pathogenic TH2 cells. Pathogenic TH2 cells from different type-2-driven diseases share a core phenotype and show overlapping functional attributes. The unique differentiation requirements, activating signals, and metabolic characteristics of pathogenic TH2 cells are just being discovered. A better knowledge of this particular TH2 cell population will enable the specific targeting of disease-driving pathways in allergy. In this review, we introduce a rational for classifying TH cells into distinct subsets, discuss the current knowledge on pathogenic TH2 cells, and summarize their involvement in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Bertschi
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Bazzini
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Schlapbach
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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146
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Yamaguchi H, Hiroi M, Mori K, Ushio R, Matsumoto A, Yamamoto N, Shimada J, Ohmori Y. Simultaneous Expression of Th1- and Treg-Associated Chemokine Genes and CD4 +, CD8 +, and Foxp3 + Cells in the Premalignant Lesions of 4NQO-Induced Mouse Tongue Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1835. [PMID: 33921389 PMCID: PMC8069711 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment influence immune cell infiltration and activation. To elucidate their role in immune cell recruitment during oral cancer development, we generated a mouse tongue cancer model using the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) and investigated the carcinogenetic process and chemokine/cytokine gene expression kinetics in the mouse tongue. C57/BL6 mice were administered 4NQO in drinking water, after which tongues were dissected at 16 and 28 weeks and subjected to analysis using the RT2 Profiler PCR Array, qRT-PCR, and pathologic and immunohistochemical analyses. We found that Th1-associated chemokine/cytokine (Cxcl9, Cxcl10, Ccl5, and Ifng) and Treg-associated chemokine/cytokine (Ccl17, Ccl22, and Il10) mRNA levels were simultaneously increased in premalignant lesions of 4NQO-treated mice at 16 weeks. Additionally, although levels of Gata3, a Th2 marker, were not upregulated, those of Cxcr3, Ccr4, and Foxp3 were upregulated in the tongue tissue. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the infiltration of CD4+, CD8+, and Foxp3+ cells in the tongue tissue of 4NQO-treated mice, as well as significant correlations between Th1- or Treg-associated chemokine/cytokine mRNA expression and T cell infiltration. These results indicate that CD4+, CD8+, and Foxp3+ cells were simultaneously recruited through the expression of Th1- and Treg-associated chemokines in premalignant lesions of 4NQO-induced mouse tongue tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Yamaguchi
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.H.); (R.U.); (A.M.)
| | - Miki Hiroi
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.H.); (R.U.); (A.M.)
| | - Kazumasa Mori
- First Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (K.M.); (N.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Ryosuke Ushio
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.H.); (R.U.); (A.M.)
- First Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (K.M.); (N.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Ari Matsumoto
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.H.); (R.U.); (A.M.)
- First Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (K.M.); (N.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Nobuharu Yamamoto
- First Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (K.M.); (N.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Jun Shimada
- First Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (K.M.); (N.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmori
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.H.); (R.U.); (A.M.)
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147
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Hirahara K, Aoki A, Nakayama T. Pathogenic helper T cells. Allergol Int 2021; 70:169-173. [PMID: 33637414 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intractable chronic inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases, autoinflammatory diseases and allergic diseases, are caused by disruption or failure of the immune system. Pathogenic immune cells are presumed to be closely related to the pathogenesis of intractable diseases, but the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases remain unclear. The balance between the T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cell fractions has been believed to be responsible for the differences among inflammatory diseases. However, an analysis of the cells infiltrating inflammatory lesions in mice and humans revealed the generation of pathogenic Th cells with different characteristics at the memory T-cell stage in the peripheral tissues in various inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will summarize and discuss recent progress regarding the characteristics of pathogenic Th cells, their mode of action, and the molecular mechanisms that regulate the pathology of intractable chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly those with tissue fibrosis. We hope this article will help clarify the pathogenesis of these diseases and propose a future direction for research.
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148
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Horiuchi H, Parajuli B, Komiya H, Ogawa Y, Jin S, Takahashi K, Azuma YT, Tanaka F, Suzumura A, Takeuchi H. Interleukin-19 Abrogates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Attenuating Antigen-Presenting Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:615898. [PMID: 33776998 PMCID: PMC7990911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.615898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-19 (IL-19) acts as a negative-feedback regulator to limit proinflammatory response of macrophages and microglia in autocrine/paracrine manners in various inflammatory diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a major neuroinflammatory disease in the central nervous system (CNS), but it remains uncertain how IL-19 contributes to MS pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that IL-19 deficiency aggravates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS, by promoting IL-17-producing helper T cell (Th17 cell) infiltration into the CNS. In addition, IL-19-deficient splenic macrophages expressed elevated levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, co-stimulatory molecules, and Th17 cell differentiation-associated cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, TGF-β1, and TNF-α. These observations indicated that IL-19 plays a critical role in suppression of MS pathogenesis by inhibiting macrophage antigen presentation, Th17 cell expansion, and subsequent inflammatory responses. Furthermore, treatment with IL-19 significantly abrogated EAE. Our data suggest that IL-19 could provide significant therapeutic benefits in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Horiuchi
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Bijay Parajuli
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Komiya
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Ogawa
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shijie Jin
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keita Takahashi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akio Suzumura
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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149
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Hosokawa H, Rothenberg EV. How transcription factors drive choice of the T cell fate. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:162-176. [PMID: 32918063 PMCID: PMC7933071 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has elucidated how multipotent blood progenitors transform their identities in the thymus and undergo commitment to become T cells. Together with environmental signals, a core group of transcription factors have essential roles in this process by directly activating and repressing specific genes. Many of these transcription factors also function in later T cell development, but control different genes. Here, we review how these transcription factors work to change the activities of specific genomic loci during early intrathymic development to establish T cell lineage identity. We introduce the key regulators and highlight newly emergent insights into the rules that govern their actions. Whole-genome deep sequencing-based analysis has revealed unexpectedly rich relationships between inherited epigenetic states, transcription factor-DNA binding affinity thresholds and influences of given transcription factors on the activities of other factors in the same cells. Together, these mechanisms determine T cell identity and make the lineage choice irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hosokawa
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ellen V Rothenberg
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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150
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Niu HQ, Yuan C, Yan C, Li N, Lei YS, Li X, Ru J, Li XF. Decreased numbers and sex-based differences of circulating regulatory T cells in patients with seropositive undifferentiated arthritis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:2040622320986721. [PMID: 33717426 PMCID: PMC7925950 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320986721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: CD4+ T cells play crucial roles as both mediators and regulators of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the characteristics of CD4+ T cell subpopulations in the earliest stage of RA development remain unclear. Hence, we determined the proportions and absolute counts of circulating CD4+ T cell subsets in patients with seropositive undifferentiated arthritis (SUA), the early and preclinical stage of RA. Methods: Peripheral blood samples and clinical information were collected from 177 patients with SUA, 104 patients with RA, and 120 healthy controls. All patients were newly diagnosed and untreated. Proportions and absolute counts of CD4+ T cell subpopulations were determined by flow cytometric analysis. Results: In patients with SUA, percentages and absolute counts of circulating regulatory T (Treg) cells were decreased significantly and Th17/Treg cell ratios were abnormally increased, whereas Th17 cell numbers were similar to those in healthy controls. In addition, sex-based differences in circulating Treg cells were observed, with female SUA patients having lower proportions and absolute counts of Treg cells than those in males. Moreover, female patients with SUA had higher erythrocyte sedimentation rates and 28-joint Disease Activity Scores than those in males. Conclusion: Immune tolerance deficiency resulting from an abnormal reduction in circulating Treg cells might be the most crucial immunological event in the earliest stage of RA. The sex-specific disparity in Treg cells should also be considered for immunoregulatory and preventive strategies targeting early RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qing Niu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chenrui Yuan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglan Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Lei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuxu Li
- Department of General Practice, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinli Ru
- Department of General Practice, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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