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Duran F, Woodhams J. Associations between individual cognitive factors, mode of exposure and depression symptoms in practitioners working with aversive crime material. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2264612. [PMID: 37881889 PMCID: PMC10763876 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2264612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is extensive literature on front-line officers and investigators exposure to trauma and its negative impact on them. However, there are analytical practitioners in law enforcement who indirectly work with the traumatic experiences of other people daily, but are seldom the focus of academic research.Objective: Our goal was to conduct the first international study with these practitioners to identify the risk of depression symptoms and establish whether potentially modifiable risk factors (belief in a just world, mental imagery and thought suppression) and work-related characteristics (medium of exposure) are associated with depression.Method: 99 analysts and secondary investigators employed in police and law enforcement organizations from the UK, Europe and Canada participated in the study. The online survey was advertised to employees via their employers but hosted without employer access. Multiple regression was used to analyze the data.Results: After controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, previous exposure to trauma, and marital status, four potential risk factors were identified. Analytical practitioners with vivid mental imagery, those exposed to crime material via auditory and visual means, those who suppressed intrusive thoughts, and those who believed in a just world reported more depressive symptoms.Conclusions: The majority of our sample reported clinical levels of depressive symptoms. Four potential risk factors accounted for just under half of the variance in depression scores. We consider strategies that can be used to mitigate the potential negative influence of these factors and suggest that these are established as risk factors for depression symptoms via future longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazeelat Duran
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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102
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Schlechter P, König M, McNally RJ, Morina N. Crying over spilled milk? A network analysis of aversive well-being comparison, brooding rumination and depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:520-530. [PMID: 37467791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative thinking about one's well-being is ubiquitous. Comparisons that threaten an individual's self-motives are aversive and interact with rumination and depression. Aversive well-being comparisons include upward social, past temporal, counterfactual, and criteria-based comparisons, as well as downward prospective temporal comparisons. Although the frequency, discrepancy, and affective impact of aversive comparison total scores have been associated with brooding rumination and depression, no study has investigated the interaction of specific comparison standards (e.g., social or counterfactual) with symptom cascades of brooding and depressive symptoms. METHODS To examine this interaction, we conducted network analyses on the interplay between aversive well-being comparisons, brooding rumination, and depression. Specifically, we conducted a cross-sectional study in N = 500 dysphoric individuals and a longitudinal study in N = 921 participants at two timepoints, three months apart. Participants completed measures of depression, brooding, and the Comparison Standards Scale for Well-being, which assessed the frequency, perceived discrepancy, and affective impact of aversive well-being comparisons. RESULTS Feelings of worthlessness emerged as the most central attribute in the networks of the dysphoric sample. Longitudinally, brooding and depressive symptoms predicted aversive comparisons, but not the other way around, which accounted for social and other-referent counterfactual comparisons to a greater degree than for other comparison types. LIMITATIONS We used nonclinical samples. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the critical role of comparison standards in depression. Further research is warranted to detect potential intervention targets for mitigating negative effects of negative self-evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meret König
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Richard J McNally
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, United States of America
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Flinkenflügel K, Meinert S, Thiel K, Winter A, Goltermann J, Strathausen L, Brosch K, Stein F, Thomas-Odenthal F, Evermann U, Wroblewski A, Usemann P, Pfarr JK, Grotegerd D, Hahn T, Leehr EJ, Dohm K, Bauer J, Jamalabadi H, Straube B, Alexander N, Jansen A, Nenadić I, Krug A, Kircher T, Dannlowski U. Negative Stressful Life Events and Social Support Are Associated With White Matter Integrity in Depressed Patients and Healthy Control Participants: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:650-660. [PMID: 37028741 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative stressful life events and deprivation of social support play critical roles in the development and maintenance of major depressive disorder (MDD). The present study aimed to investigate in a large sample of patients with MDD and healthy control participants (HCs) whether these effects are also reflected in white matter (WM) integrity. METHODS In this diffusion tensor imaging study, 793 patients with MDD and 793 age- and sex-matched HCs were drawn from the Marburg-Münster Affective Disorders Cohort Study (MACS) and completed the Life Events Questionnaire (LEQ) and Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ). Generalized linear models were performed to test voxelwise associations between fractional anisotropy (FA) and diagnosis (analysis 1), LEQ (analysis 2), and SSQ (analysis 3). We examined whether SSQ interacts with LEQ on FA or is independently associated with improved WM integrity (analysis 4). RESULTS Patients with MDD showed lower FA in several frontotemporal association fibers compared with HCs (pTFCE-FWE = .028). Across both groups, LEQ correlated negatively with FA in widely distributed WM tracts (pTFCE-FWE = .023), while SSQ correlated positively with FA in the corpus callosum (pTFCE-FWE = .043). Modeling the combined association of both variables on FA revealed significant-and antagonistic-main effects of LEQ (pTFCE-FWE = .031) and SSQ (pTFCE-FWE = .037), but no interaction of SSQ × LEQ. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that negative stressful life events and social support are both related to WM integrity in opposing directions. The associations did not differ between patients with MDD and HCs, suggesting more general, rather than depression-specific, mechanisms. Furthermore, social support appears to contribute to improved WM integrity independent of stressful life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Flinkenflügel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexandra Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lea Strathausen
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Thomas-Odenthal
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrika Evermann
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Wroblewski
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paula Usemann
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Bauer
- Department of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hamidreza Jamalabadi
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nina Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Maran PL, Klokgieters SS, Giltay EJ, van Oppen P, Jörg F, Eikelenboom M, Rius Ottenheim N, Penninx BWJH, Kok AAL. The impact of COVID-19-pandemic-related adversity on mental health: longitudinal study in Dutch populations with and without mental health disorders. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e181. [PMID: 37814416 PMCID: PMC10594261 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing concerns about mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in people with pre-existing mental health disorders, research has shown that symptoms of depression and anxiety were generally quite stable, with modest changes in certain subgroups. However, individual differences in cumulative exposure to COVID-19 stressors have not been yet considered. AIMS We aimed to quantify and investigate the impact of individual-level cumulative exposure to COVID-19-pandemic-related adversity on changes in depressive and anxiety symptoms and loneliness. In addition, we examined whether the impact differed among individuals with various levels of pre-pandemic chronicity of mental health disorders. METHOD Between April 2020 and July 2021, 15 successive online questionnaires were distributed among three psychiatric case-control cohorts that started in the 2000s (N = 1377). Outcomes included depressive and anxiety symptoms and loneliness. We developed a COVID-19 Adversity Index (CAI) summarising up to 15 repeated measures of COVID-19-pandemic-related exposures (e.g. exposure to COVID-19 infection, negative economic impact and quarantine). We used linear mixed linear models to estimate the effects of COVID-19-related adversity on mental health and its interaction with pre-pandemic chronicity of mental health disorders and CAI. RESULTS Higher CAI scores were positively associated with higher increases in depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and loneliness. Associations were not statistically significantly different between groups with and without (chronic) pre-pandemic mental health disorders. CONCLUSIONS Individual differences in cumulative exposure to COVID-19-pandemic-related adversity are important predictors of mental health, but we found no evidence for higher vulnerability among people with (chronic) pre-pandemic mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Laura Maran
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; and Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia S. Klokgieters
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik J. Giltay
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia van Oppen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Programme, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike Jörg
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Research Department, GGZ Friesland, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Merijn Eikelenboom
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Programme, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Programme, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Almar A. L. Kok
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Programme, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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105
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Chen S, Kertes D, Benner A, Kim SY. Short-term cortisol adaption to discrimination and Mexican-origin adolescents' mental and sleep health. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37791538 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination experiences are a salient contributor to the health disparities facing Latina/x/o youth. The biopsychosocial model of minority health posits that discrimination influences health through wear and tear on the biological stress responses, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is a primary stress response system in the body. Emerging evidence suggests that discrimination alters the secretion of cortisol, the end product of the HPA axis, yet, whether the daily processes between discrimination and diurnal cortisol response influence mental and sleep health remains unanswered. This study integrated daily diary and post-diary survey data to examine whether daily diurnal cortisol responses to discrimination influence adolescents' mental (depressive symptoms, anxiety) and sleep (sleep quality, duration) health in a sample of Mexican-origin youth (N = 282; M age = 17.10; 55% female). Results showed that adolescents who experienced more discrimination across the four-day diary period exhibited steeper diurnal cortisol slopes and lower evening cortisol; however, such physiological responses tended to be associated with poorer adolescents' mental and sleep health. The current study underscores the potential adaptation cost associated with short-term cortisol adaptation in the face of discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanting Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Darlene Kertes
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aprile Benner
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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106
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Shahane AD, Godfrey DA, Denny BT. Predicting real-world emotion and health from spontaneously assessed linguistic distancing using novel scalable technology. Emotion 2023; 23:2002-2012. [PMID: 36808975 PMCID: PMC10439973 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who are better at regulating their emotions have been shown to have better physical and mental health outcomes. One promising emotion regulation strategy is psychological distancing, which involves appraising a stimulus with objectivity or spatial/temporal distance. Language-based psychological distancing (linguistic distancing [LD]) refers to the degree to which one implements psychological distancing naturally via language. A crucial, underexamined mechanism that may account for real-world emotion and health self-reports is spontaneous (i.e., implicit) LD. Using HealthSense, a novel, scalable, mobile health assessment application, we collected lexical transcriptions for personally specific negative and positive events as well as emotion and health-relevant data over 14 days (data collected in 2021) and examined how implicit LD during negative and positive events relates to well-being over time. Primary analyses revealed that higher LD during negative events was associated with lower levels of stress as well as greater emotional and physical well-being within persons. LD during positive events on 1 day predicted greater reports of happiness 2 days later within persons. LD during positive events was associated with fewer symptoms of depression and LD during negative events was associated with greater physical well-being among persons. Exploratory analyses revealed that average depression, rumination, and perceived stress across the 2 weeks were significantly negatively associated with LD during negative events between persons. The present results expand understanding of the relationship between LD and mental and physical health risks and motivate future research on low-burden, scalable interventions involving LD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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107
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Zhang Q, Chen T, Liu S, Liu X, Zhang Y, Yu F, Ji GJ, Li X, Zhu C. Effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation on implicit emotion regulation of social pain in healthy individuals. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:74-82. [PMID: 37269884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implicit emotion regulation (ER), a form of ER, is essential for protecting mental health in the process of social interaction. Both the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) have been shown to be involved in ER processes, including explicit ER of social pain, but whether they play a role in implicit ER is unclear. METHODS We investigated whether anodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) of the right VLPFC (rVLPFC) or the right DLPFC (rDLPFC) influences implicit ER. In total, 63 healthy participants completed an emotion priming task, which measures the implicit ER of social pain, before and after receiving active or sham HD-tDCS (2 mA for 20 min, 10 consecutive days). Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during task performance. RESULTS Combined with the results of the behavioral and electrophysiological indices indicated that stimulation of both the rVLPFC and the rDLPFC by anodic HD-tDCS could significantly reduce the affective responses caused by social exclusion. The further results also suggested that rDLPFC activation may contribute to promoting the involvement of early cognitive resources in the implicit ER process of social pain, thus helping to reduce the subjective negative experience of individuals. LIMITATIONS There were no dynamic interactive emotional stimuli to induce social pain, and only static images of social exclusion were used. CONCLUSION Our study provides cognitive and neurological evidence that expands our knowledge of the role of the rDLPFC and the rVLPFC in social ER. It can also serve as a reference for targeted intervention of implicit ER in social pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinying Liu
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fengqiong Yu
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Gong-Jun Ji
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Department of Medical Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Department of Psychology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.
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108
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Kapoor N, Hallford DJ, Altmann T. Cognitive dependencies and psychological health correlates of coherence in autobiographical reasoning. Memory 2023; 31:1205-1217. [PMID: 37599512 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2249272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Autobiographical reasoning is a process by which an individual creates a coherent life account. The degree of coherence in autobiographical reasoning has been related to psychological health correlates such as depression and self-esteem in previous studies, but with inconsistent findings. Similarly, the basic psychological processes required to achieve coherence have been previously studied with regard to intelligence, but infrequently, and also with mixed findings. In the present study, we first developed and evaluated a German version of the Awareness of Narrative Identity Questionnaire (ANIQ) as an established measure of self-reported coherence. Second, we tested for cognitive dependencies on intelligence and memory indices. Third, we analysed its associations with psychological health correlates. We assessed a sample of 272 participants and thereof 189 participants again two-weeks later. Results supported the assumptions of the German ANIQ's psychometric qualities (factor structure, test-retest reliability, invariance) and validity (with regard to self-consciousness, self-concept clarity, and written accounts of personal turning points). We found coherence to be independent of intelligence and verbal memory, but partially dependent on figural memory. Coherence was related to depression, positivity, self-esteem, and self-esteem stability, but not to anxiety, substantiating its salutogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niket Kapoor
- Institute of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Altmann
- Institute of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Beblo T, Bergdolt J, Kilian M, Toepper M, Moritz S, Driessen M, Dehn L. Do depressed patients really over-report cognitive impairment? J Affect Disord 2023; 338:466-471. [PMID: 37385388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressed patients report more severe cognitive impairment than is detectable by neuropsychological tests because they may underestimate their cognitive performance. Alternatively, it is possible that cognitive impairment primarily occurs under everyday life conditions as referred to in most questionnaires. The aim of the present study is to investigate the validity of self-reports in patients with major depression in order to better understand the pronounced impairment in self-reports. METHODS We investigated 58 patients with major depression and 28 heathy control participants. We administered the "Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry" (SCIP) to assess cognitive performance, the "Questionnaire for Cognitive Complaints" (FLei), and the newly developed scale for "Self-Perception of Cognitive Performance in everyday life and test settings" to ask for the self-assessed cognitive performance in everyday life and in a test situation more specifically. RESULTS Depressed patients showed an inferior test performance and reported much more general everyday life related cognitive problems compared to healthy participants. When asked more specifically for their cognitive performance in the test-situation compared to others and compared to everyday life, they did not report more test-related and everyday life related impairment than healthy participants did. LIMITATIONS Results might be influenced by comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS These results have implications for the assessment of subjective cognitive performance of depressed patients and shed light on the negative effects of general versus more specific recall of autobiographical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Beblo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bethel, Ev. Hospital Bethel, University Hospital OWL, Remterweg 69-71, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Juliane Bergdolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bethel, Ev. Hospital Bethel, University Hospital OWL, Remterweg 69-71, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mia Kilian
- Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Max Toepper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bethel, Ev. Hospital Bethel, University Hospital OWL, Remterweg 69-71, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Steffen Moritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Driessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bethel, Ev. Hospital Bethel, University Hospital OWL, Remterweg 69-71, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lorenz Dehn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bethel, Ev. Hospital Bethel, University Hospital OWL, Remterweg 69-71, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
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Meiering MS, Weigner D, Enge S, Grimm S. Transdiagnostic phenomena of psychopathology in the context of the RDoC: protocol of a multimodal cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:297. [PMID: 37770998 PMCID: PMC10540421 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, affective and cognitive processes related to psychopathology have been examined within the boundaries of phenotype-based diagnostic labels, which has led to inconsistent findings regarding their underlying operating principles. Investigating these processes dimensionally in healthy individuals and by means of multiple modalities may provide additional insights into the psychological and neuronal mechanisms at their core. The transdiagnostic phenomena Neuroticism and Rumination are known to be closely linked. However, the exact nature of their relationship remains to be elucidated. The same applies to the associations between Hedonic Capacity, Negativity Bias and different Emotion Regulation strategies.This multimodal cross-sectional study examines the relationship of the transdiagnostic phenomena Neuroticism and Rumination as well as Hedonic Capacity, the Negativity Bias and Emotion Regulation from a RDoC (Research Domain Criteria) perspective. A total of 120 currently healthy subjects (past 12 months) will complete several questionnaires regarding personality, emotion regulation, hedonic capacity, and psychopathologies as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during cognitive and emotional processing, to obtain data on the circuit, behavioral and self-report level.This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between cognitive and affective processes associated with psychopathologies as well as their neuronal correlates. Ultimately, a grounded understanding of these processes could guide improvement of diagnostic labels and treatments. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and the limited variability in psychopathology scores due to the restriction of the sample to currently healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin S Meiering
- Department of Natural Sciences, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - David Weigner
- Department of Natural Sciences, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sören Enge
- Department of Natural Sciences, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Grimm
- Department of Natural Sciences, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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Qiu X, Li J, Pan F, Yang Y, Zhou W, Chen J, Wei N, Lu S, Weng X, Huang M, Wang J. Aberrant single-subject morphological brain networks in first-episode, treatment-naive adolescents with major depressive disorder. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2023; 3:kkad017. [PMID: 38666133 PMCID: PMC10939346 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Neuroimaging-based connectome studies have indicated that major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with disrupted topological organization of large-scale brain networks. However, the disruptions and their clinical and cognitive relevance are not well established for morphological brain networks in adolescent MDD. Objective To investigate the topological alterations of single-subject morphological brain networks in adolescent MDD. Methods Twenty-five first-episode, treatment-naive adolescents with MDD and 19 healthy controls (HCs) underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and a battery of neuropsychological tests. Single-subject morphological brain networks were constructed separately based on cortical thickness, fractal dimension, gyrification index, and sulcus depth, and topologically characterized by graph-based approaches. Between-group differences were inferred by permutation testing. For significant alterations, partial correlations were used to examine their associations with clinical and neuropsychological variables in the patients. Finally, a support vector machine was used to classify the patients from controls. Results Compared with the HCs, the patients exhibited topological alterations only in cortical thickness-based networks characterized by higher nodal centralities in parietal (left primary sensory cortex) but lower nodal centralities in temporal (left parabelt complex, right perirhinal ectorhinal cortex, right area PHT and right ventral visual complex) regions. Moreover, decreased nodal centralities of some temporal regions were correlated with cognitive dysfunction and clinical characteristics of the patients. These results were largely reproducible for binary and weighted network analyses. Finally, topological properties of the cortical thickness-based networks were able to distinguish the MDD adolescents from HCs with 87.6% accuracy. Conclusion Adolescent MDD is associated with disrupted topological organization of morphological brain networks, and the disruptions provide potential biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Qiu
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Junle Li
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Fen Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yuping Yang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Weihua Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Jinkai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Shaojia Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Xuchu Weng
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Manli Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310013, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Guangzhou 510631, China
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112
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Zola A, Engeln R. Brains over beauty: A preregistered test of the effects of objectification on women's cognitive performance. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291853. [PMID: 37733711 PMCID: PMC10513279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was a preregistered, well-powered experimental test of findings related to the effect of state self-objectification and anticipation of the sexualized male gaze on women's cognitive performance. College women (n = 407) performed a working memory task in one of three randomly assigned conditions. In the experimental conditions (self-objectification and male gaze), women completed the task while being video recorded from the neck down. In the male gaze condition, participants were told their videos would later be evaluated by men as part of a separate dating study. Women in the control condition were not video recorded. Results indicated women experienced a moderate increase in state self-objectification in both experimental conditions. However, compared to the control condition, women in the experimental conditions did not show reduced performance on the working memory task (in either latency or accuracy), decreases in body satisfaction, or increases in negative mood. Across conditions, state self-objectification was not associated with accuracy or latency on the working memory task. Mixed findings concerning objectification's effect on cognitive performance may be attributed to variability in experimental manipulations and dependent variables employed in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Zola
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Psychometrics and Statistics Core, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Renee Engeln
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
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113
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Lovell B, McCarty K, Penfold P, Wetherell MA. Clinically elevated depression scores do not produce negative attentional biases in caregivers of autistic children. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1192669. [PMID: 37743984 PMCID: PMC10512861 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1192669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Depression scores in caregivers of autistic children often fall in the clinical range. The attention of clinically depressed individuals tends to be biased toward negatively toned information. Whether caring for an autistic child might also be characterized by a negative attentional bias was explored here. Methods A sample of N = 98 (57 caregivers and 41 controls) completed questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms. Orienting attention to (i.e., vigilance), and shifting attention away from (i.e., disengagement), negative information was assessed via an online version of the emotional face dot probe task. Results Mean depression scores in caregivers, falling in the borderline clinical range, were significantly higher compared with controls. Groups, however, were indistinguishable with respect to vigilance and disengagement, and these attentional indices were unrelated to depression scores. Conclusion Caring for an autistic child, while associated with borderline clinical depression scores, was not characterized by a negative attentional bias. Findings are discussed in the context of methodological shortcomings and recommendations for future research.
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114
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Xu R, Jin CY, Gu R, Shi Y, Jiang Y, Luo YJ. Emotional autobiographical memory retrieval in time domain. Memory 2023; 31:1062-1073. [PMID: 37428138 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2220160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) is an important psychological phenomenon that has significance for self-development and mental health. The psychological mechanisms of emotional AM retrieval and their association with individual emotional symptoms remain largely unclear in the literature. For this purpose, the current study provided cue words to elicit emotional AMs. Event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with the retrieval process of AMs were recorded and analyzed. We found that the ERP component N400 was sensitive to both emotional valence and retrieval state, such that its amplitude was larger for negative compared to positive AMs, and larger responses for unrecalled compared to recalled AMs. Further, the N400 amplitude in the positive recalled condition was correlated with individual difference in depression (measured by the Beck Depression Inventory). Another ERP component, the late positive potential (LPP), was also sensitive to emotional valence, such that its amplitude was larger (i.e., more positive-going) for positive compared to negative cues. No significant effect was observed on the early ERP components P1, N1, or P2. The current findings bring new understanding on the difference between positive and negative AMs retrieval in the time domain. Also, the importance of this difference to the individual level of depression is worth noting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Christina Yi Jin
- Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Department of Tourism, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yue-Jia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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115
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Kashyap H, Mehta UM, Reddy RP, Bharath RD. Role of Cognitive Control in Psychotherapy: An Integrated Review. Indian J Psychol Med 2023; 45:462-470. [PMID: 37772131 PMCID: PMC10523513 DOI: 10.1177/02537176221128611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive control (CC), including shifting, updating, and inhibiting functions, may play an integral role in various aspects of psychotherapy; however, research on this is limited. This review aims to link the disparate lines of evidence on CC as they relate to psychotherapy processes, techniques, and outcomes. Methods A systematic search of the literature on neuropsychological domains relating to psychotherapy in adults with anxiety/depression yielded 18 eligible studies. The review also uses a narrative format to explore other potential links between CC and psychotherapy that are underinvestigated, and highlights the need for research and application to evidence-based practice of psychotherapy. Results and conclusions Findings suggest that CC may predict psychotherapy outcomes and also improve as a function of psychotherapy. Analog sample studies suggest a possible link between CC and techniques for regulation of cognition and emotion, such as reappraisal, mindfulness, and cognitive restructuring. CC may also play an integral role in the regulation of behavior. Study of CC in the context of psychotherapy may potentially explain individual differences in psychotherapy outcomes and mechanisms of action of various psychotherapy techniques and processes. Such an understanding may have possible implications for "best fit" matching clients to therapies and modifying psychological interventions to account for poorer CC abilities. CC may be enhanced through training and further research is warranted on the impact of such training in facilitating better long-term psychotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Kashyap
- Dept. of Clinical Psychology & Cognite
Clinic, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka,
India
| | - Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of
Mental Health And Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajakumari P. Reddy
- Dept. of Clinical Psychology & Cognite
Clinic, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka,
India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Dept. of Neuroimaging and Interventional
Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka,
India
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116
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Kairys AE, Valentine TR, Whibley D, Kratz AL. Mind the Mood: Momentary Depression and Anxiety Moderate the Correspondence Between Subjective and Objective Cognitive Functioning in Fibromyalgia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:1967-1975. [PMID: 36601904 PMCID: PMC10319918 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subjective cognitive dysfunction (SCD) affects 55-75% of individuals with fibromyalgia (FM), but those reporting cognitive difficulties often lack corresponding objective deficits. Symptoms of depression and anxiety are prevalent in FM and may account for part of this discrepancy. This study was undertaken to investigate whether momentary (within-day, across 7 days) changes in mood moderate the relationship between within-the-moment SCD and mental processing speed performance. METHODS A total of 50 individuals with FM (mean age 44.8 years, mean education 15.7 years, 88% female, 86% White) completed momentary assessments of subjective cognitive functioning, depressive and anxious symptoms, and a test of processing speed. Assessments were completed 5 times per day for 8 consecutive days on a study-specific smartphone application. RESULTS Momentary ratings of SCD were positively associated with mean reaction time (P < 0.001) and variability of processing speed (P = 0.02). Depressive symptoms moderated the relationship between SCD and processing speed, with lower correspondence when depressive symptoms were higher (P = 0.03). A similar moderating effect was demonstrated for both depression (P = 0.02) and anxiety (P = 0.03) on the association between SCD and variability in processing speed performance. CONCLUSION Individuals with FM may have more accurate self-perception of momentary changes in mental processing speed during periods of less pronounced mood symptoms based on their corresponding objective processing speed performance. However, during moments of heightened depression and anxiety, we found increasingly less correspondence between SCD and objective performance, suggesting that psychological symptoms may play an important role in self-perception of cognitive dysfunction in FM as it relates to mental processing speed.
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117
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Noreen S, Dritschel B. Thinking about the consequences: The detrimental role of future thinking on intrapersonal problem-solving in depression. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289676. [PMID: 37611035 PMCID: PMC10446235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that depressed individuals encounter a multitude of social problems in daily life, research on social problem-solving has largely been dominated by research on interpersonal problems and there is a paucity of research on intrapersonal problems. Intrapersonal problems are linked to one's subjective psychological functioning and involve managing one's own feelings and emotions pertaining to the self. Given that depressed individuals exhibit impaired emotion regulation, it is possible that their ability to solve intrapersonal problems may be impaired, especially in relation to future thinking. The aim of this study was to investigate whether future thinking, in the form of thinking about the consequences of a problem being resolved or remaining unresolved has an impact on intrapersonal problem-solving in depression. Forty-five depressed and fifty-four non-depressed participants completed a modified version of the means end problem-solving task (MEPS). In the task, participants were presented with a series of intrapersonal problems and were asked to generate consequences of the problems being resolved or remaining unresolved. Participants were then presented with a positive resolution to each of the problems and were asked to solve the problem to achieve the positive resolution. Following a delay, participants were asked to recall all of the consequences initially generated. Overall, depressed individuals generated fewer-relevant means and less effective solutions to problems than non-depressed participants. Depressed individuals also demonstrated impaired intrapersonal problem-solving following the generation of resolved and unresolved consequences, compared to a baseline condition, where no consequences were generated. These findings suggest that future thinking impairs intrapersonal problem-solving and indicates that a more nuanced approach to future thinking and social problem-solving in depression is needed across different real-life problem-solving contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Noreen
- Department of Psychology, De Montfort University, Leicester, England
| | - Barbara Dritschel
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
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118
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Metts AV, Craske MG. Influence of social support on cognitive reappraisal in young adults elevated on neuroticism. Behav Res Ther 2023; 167:104355. [PMID: 37379609 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Social support offers protection from depression and anxiety, possibly through its beneficial effects upon cognitive reappraisal. The present study evaluates potential mechanisms of social support, utilizing a reappraisal task in 121 undergraduates elevated on neuroticism. Participants were instructed to reinterpret stressful images with (Social Condition) and without (Solo Condition) the reminder of a social support figure. Aversiveness, negative affect, and positive affect ratings, as well as written reappraisal responses, were collected trial-by-trial. Results indicated that participants reported lower aversiveness and negative affect and higher positive affect when reinterpreting images in the Social Condition compared to the Solo Condition. Analyses of adherence ratings of written reappraisals revealed that participants generated reinterpretations more in the Social Condition than in the Solo Condition. Exploratory mediation analyses indicated that Condition was indirectly associated with reappraisal efficacy as measured by aversiveness and affect ratings through reappraisal adherence. Results suggest that cognitive reappraisal with the influence of social support may be more effective than cognitive reappraisal without such social influence, and thus may be a suitable target for interventions for depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison V Metts
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Michelle G Craske
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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119
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Toobaei M, Taghavi M, Goodarzi MA, Sarafraz M, Jobson L. Exploring expected reward and efficacy in enhancing cognitive control in patients with depression. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2023; 45:636-646. [PMID: 38059811 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2287782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is associated with impairments in cognitive control. Considering the lack of mechanistic models accounting for cognitive control deficits in depression, the expected value of control (EVC) theory offers a mechanistic view for allocating cognitive control emphasizing motivational components (efficacy, value). Efficacy refers to the possibility that an effort leads to a special outcome and reward refers to the value (amount) associated with the outcome. This study aimed to examine the role of the EVC in depression. METHOD This study used a within-between-subject design. Participants with depression (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 31) completed a clinical diagnostic interview, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the General Health Questionnaire-12, and a computer-based incentivized Stroop Color-Word Paradigm in which levels of efficacy (high vs. low) and the amount of rewards (high vs. low) were presented as cues before target stimuli. RESULTS We found significant interaction effects of group × efficacy and efficacy × reward in terms of reaction time in the Stroop Paradigm. Follow-up analyses indicated the Depressed group were significantly slower than Controls on high efficacy trials, but the two groups did not differ significantly on low efficacy trials. Additionally, on high efficacy trials, reward did not influence performance, but on low efficacy trials, high reward improved performance in both groups. LIMITATION Lack of neurological measures and eye tracking techniques. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings suggest that reward and efficacy may jointly improve cognitive control allocation and highlight the need for further research examining EVC theory as a mechanistic account of cognitive control deficits in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Toobaei
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Taghavi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdireza Sarafraz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Laura Jobson
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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120
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Liu P, Hayden EP, Dougherty LR, Leung HC, Goldstein B, Klein DN. The development of depressogenic self-schemas: Associations with children's regional grey matter volume in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1000-1010. [PMID: 34521484 PMCID: PMC8920949 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive theories of depression contend that biased cognitive information processing plays a causal role in the development of depression. Extensive research shows that deeper processing of negative and/or shallower processing of positive self-descriptors (i.e., negative and positive self-schemas) predicts current and future depression in adults and children. However, the neural correlates of the development of self-referent encoding are poorly understood. We examined children's self-referential processing using the self-referent encoding task (SRET) collected from 74 children at ages 6, 9, and 12; around age 10, these children also contributed structural magnetic resonance imaging data. From age 6 to age 12, both positive and negative self-referential processing showed mean-level growth, with positive self-schemas increasing relatively faster than negative ones. Further, voxel-based morphometry showed that slower growth in positive self-schemas was associated with lower regional gray matter volume (GMV) in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC). Our results suggest that smaller regional GMV within vlPFC, a critical region for regulatory control in affective processing and emotion development, may have implications for the development of depressogenic self-referential processing in mid-to-late childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, Western University
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121
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Vandendriessche H, Demmou A, Bavard S, Yadak J, Lemogne C, Mauras T, Palminteri S. Contextual influence of reinforcement learning performance of depression: evidence for a negativity bias? Psychol Med 2023; 53:4696-4706. [PMID: 35726513 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Value-based decision-making impairment in depression is a complex phenomenon: while some studies did find evidence of blunted reward learning and reward-related signals in the brain, others indicate no effect. Here we test whether such reward sensitivity deficits are dependent on the overall value of the decision problem. METHODS We used a two-armed bandit task with two different contexts: one 'rich', one 'poor' where both options were associated with an overall positive, negative expected value, respectively. We tested patients (N = 30) undergoing a major depressive episode and age, gender and socio-economically matched controls (N = 26). Learning performance followed by a transfer phase, without feedback, were analyzed to distangle between a decision or a value-update process mechanism. Finally, we used computational model simulation and fitting to link behavioral patterns to learning biases. RESULTS Control subjects showed similar learning performance in the 'rich' and the 'poor' contexts, while patients displayed reduced learning in the 'poor' context. Analysis of the transfer phase showed that the context-dependent impairment in patients generalized, suggesting that the effect of depression has to be traced to the outcome encoding. Computational model-based results showed that patients displayed a higher learning rate for negative compared to positive outcomes (the opposite was true in controls). CONCLUSIONS Our results illustrate that reinforcement learning performances in depression depend on the value of the context. We show that depressive patients have a specific trouble in contexts with an overall negative state value, which in our task is consistent with a negativity bias at the learning rates level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Vandendriessche
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Computationnelles, INSERM U960, Paris, France
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Amel Demmou
- Unité Psychiatrie Adultes, Hôpital Cochin Port Royal, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Bavard
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Computationnelles, INSERM U960, Paris, France
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julien Yadak
- Unité Psychiatrie Adultes, Hôpital Cochin Port Royal, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Mauras
- Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire, GHU paris psychiatrie neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Palminteri
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Computationnelles, INSERM U960, Paris, France
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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122
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Bruning AL, Mallya MM, Lewis-Peacock JA. Rumination burdens the updating of working memory. Atten Percept Psychophys 2023; 85:1452-1460. [PMID: 36653522 PMCID: PMC11122689 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-022-02649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Working memory is a vital, but capacity-limited, cognitive instrument that requires frequent updating as our goals and environment change. Individuals diagnosed with depression have a reduced capacity compared with the general population, as they have a propensity to fixate on negative information, even when it is not relevant for the task at hand. Here we investigated how characteristics of psychiatric illnesses, such as rumination, affect a person's ability to efficiently update emotional information in mind. We used both neutral and negative pictures of scenes in a working memory updating task that required participants to occasionally replace items held in mind during a brief delay period. Participants were presented with a probe item at the end of each trial and asked to report whether that item was in their current memory set. Responses were slowest and least accurate for images that had been replaced (i.e., "lures"), indicating there was some difficulty in successfully updating working memory in this paradigm. Participants who have both a high propensity to ruminate and a low working memory capacity were significantly more likely to false alarm to these lures. While emotional valence did not impact accuracy for these participants, their false alarms were faster for negative stimuli compared with neutral stimuli, indicating that task-irrelevant emotional information was more difficult to remove from working memory. These results demonstrate how rumination impairs goal-directed behavior by obscuring the boundary between relevant and irrelevant information in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Bruning
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton St, Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Meghan M Mallya
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton St, Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jarrod A Lewis-Peacock
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton St, Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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Castagna PJ, Waters AC, Edgar EV, Budagzad-Jacobson R, Crowley MJ. Catch the drift: Depressive symptoms track neural response during more efficient decision-making for negative self-referents. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023; 13:100593. [PMID: 37396954 PMCID: PMC10310306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescence is a time of heightened risk for developing depression and also a critical period for the development and integration of self-identity. Despite this, the relation between the neurophysiological correlates of self-referential processing and major depressive symptoms in youth is not well understood. Here, we leverage computational modeling of the self-referential encoding task (SRET) to identify behavioral moderators of the association between the posterior late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential associated with emotion regulation, and youth self-reported symptoms of depression. Specifically, within a drift-diffusion framework, we evaluated whether the association between the posterior LPP and youth symptoms of major depression was moderated by drift rate, a parameter reflecting processing efficiency during self-evaluative decisions. Methods A sample of 106 adolescents, aged 12 to 17 (53% male; Mage = 14.49, SD = 1.70), completed the SRET with concurrent high-density electroencephalography and self-report measures of depression and anxiety. Results Findings indicated a significant moderation: for youth showing greater processing efficiency (drift rate) when responding to negative compared to positive words, larger posterior LPPs predicted greater depressive symptom severity. Limitations We relied on a community sample and our study was cross-sectional in nature. Future longitudinal work with clinically depressed youth would be beneficial. Conclusions Our results suggest a neurobehavioral model of adolescent depression wherein efficient processing of negative information co-occurs with increased demands on affective self-regulation. Our findings also have clinical relevance; youth's neurophysiological response (posterior LPP) and performance during the SRET may serve as a novel target for tracking treatment-related changes in one's self-identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Castagna
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Allison C. Waters
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth V. Edgar
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Michael J. Crowley
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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124
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Yitzhak N, Shimony O, Oved N, Bonne O, Nahum M. Less inhibited and more depressed? The puzzling association between mood, inhibitory control and depressive symptoms. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 124:152386. [PMID: 37075621 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitory control (IC) deficits have been proposed as a potential risk factor for depression. However, little is known about the intra-individual daily fluctuations in IC, and its relationship to mood and depressive symptoms. Here, we examined the everyday association between IC and mood, in typical adults with various levels of depressive symptoms. METHODS Participants (N = 106) reported their depressive symptoms and completed a Go-NoGo (GNG) task measuring IC at baseline. Then, they completed a 5-day ecological-momentary-assessment (EMA) protocol, in which they reported their current mood and performed a shortened GNG task twice/day using a mobile app. Depressive symptoms were measured again following the EMA. Hierarchical-linear-modeling (HLM) was applied to examine the association between momentary IC and mood, with post-EMA depressive symptoms as a moderator. RESULTS Individuals with elevated depressive symptoms demonstrated worse and more variable IC performance over the EMA. In addition, post-EMA depressive symptoms moderated the association between momentary IC and daily mood, such that reduced IC was associated with more negative mood only for those with lower, but not higher, symptoms. LIMITATIONS Future investigations should examine the validity of these outcomes in clinical samples, including patients with Major Depressive Disorder. CONCLUSIONS Variable, rather than mere reduced, IC, is related to depressive symptoms. Moreover, the role of IC in modulating mood may differ in non-depressed individuals and individuals with sub-clinical depression. These findings contribute to our understanding of IC and mood in real life and help account for some of the discrepant findings related to cognitive control models of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Yitzhak
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Orly Shimony
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nisiel Oved
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omer Bonne
- Department of Psychiatry, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mor Nahum
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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125
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Li Y, Qian L, Li G, Zhang Z. Frequency specificity of aberrant triple networks in major depressive disorder: a resting-state effective connectivity study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1200029. [PMID: 37457005 PMCID: PMC10347531 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with aberrant effective connectivity (EC) among the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN)-collectively referred to as triple networks. However, prior research has predominantly concentrated on broad frequency bands (0.01-0.08 Hz or 0.01-0.15 Hz), ignoring the influence of distinct rhythms on triple network causal dynamics. In the present study, we aim to investigate EC alterations within the triple networks across various frequency bands in patients with MDD. Utilizing a data-driven frequency decomposition approach and a multivariate Granger causality analysis, we characterized frequency-specific EC patterns of triple networks in 49 MDD patients and 54 healthy controls. A support vector machine classifier was subsequently employed to assess the discriminative capacity of the frequency-specific EC features. Our findings revealed that, compared to controls, patients exhibited not only enhanced mean EC within the CEN in the conventional frequency band (0.01-0.08 Hz), but also decreased mean EC from the SN to the DMN in a higher frequency band (0.12-0.18 Hz), and increased mean EC from the CEN to the SN in a sub-frequency band (0.04-0.08 Hz); the latter was significantly correlated with disease severity. Moreover, optimal classification performance for distinguishing patients from controls was attained by combining EC features across all three frequency bands, with the area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.8831 and the corresponding accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 89.97%, 92.63%, and 87.32%, respectively. These insights into EC changes within the triple networks across multiple frequency bands offer valuable perspectives on the neurobiological basis of MDD and could aid in developing frequency-specific EC features as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linze Qian
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Provincial, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- College of Mathematical Medicine, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Hangzhou Normal University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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126
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Muroi K, Ishitsuka M, Hori D, Doki S, Ikeda T, Takahashi T, Sasahara S, Matsuzaki I. A high sense of coherence can mitigate suicidal ideation associated with insomnia. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2023; 11:309-320. [PMID: 38178965 PMCID: PMC10762302 DOI: 10.5114/hpr/163068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate whether insomnia is associated with suicidal ideation (SI) among Japanese workers by conducting a multi-level analysis with sense of coherence (SOC) as a random effect. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 19,481 workers in Tsukuba, Japan. Data from 7,175 participants aged 20-65 years were included in the analysis. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used as the independent variable, and SI over the past year was used as the dependent variable. SOC was measured using the five-point SOC-13 scale, and socioeconomic and health factors were investigated as covariates. Participants were divided into three groups (low, medium, and high) based on their SOC scores. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS In the high-SOC group, only one person had SI. In a multi-level logistic analysis that excluded the high SOC group, insomnia was found to be associated with SI (OR = 2.26, 95% CI [1.75, 2.93]). Furthermore, the AIS sub-items "Final awakening earlier than desired" (OR = 1.26, 95% CI [1.05, 1.50]) and "Sense of well-being during the day" (OR = 1.63, 95% CI [1.34, 1.99]) were associated with SI. 8.95% or 11% of the variation in the presence or absence of SI was found to be explained by differences between SOC groups. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights that insomnia is associated with SI, and that high SOC may reduce SI even under insomnia. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm whether high SOC reduces SI due to insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Muroi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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127
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Zhang G, Li S, Wang S, Deng F, Sun X, Pan J. The association between serum albumin and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study of NHANES data during 2005-2018. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:448. [PMID: 37340352 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The association between serum albumin and depressive symptoms has been unclear in previous epidemiological studies. We explored whether serum albumin is associated with depressive symptoms based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 13,681 participants aged ≥ 20 years from the NHANES performed during 2005-2018, which produced nationally representative database. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Serum albumin concentration was measured using the bromocresol purple dye method, and participants were divided into quartiles of serum albumin concentrations. Weighted data were calculated according to analytical guidelines. Logistics regression and linear regression models were used to assess and quantify the association between serum albumin and depressive symptoms. Univariate and stratified analyses were also performed. RESULTS There were 1551 (10.23%) adults (aged ≥ 20 years) with depressive symptoms among the 13,681. A negative association was found between serum albumin concentration and depressive symptoms. Compared with the lowest albumin quartile, the multivariate-adjusted effect size (95% confidence interval) for depressive symptoms of the fully adjusted model in the highest albumin quartile was 0.77 (0.60 to 0.99) and - 0.38 (- 0.66 to - 0.09) using logistics regression and linear regression models respectively. Current smoking status modified the association between serum albumin concentration and PHQ-9 scores (p for interaction = 0.033). CONCLUSION This cross-sectional study revealed that albumin concentration is significantly more likely to be a protective factor for depressive symptoms, with the association being more pronounced in non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuna Li
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Fangyi Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xizhe Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiyang Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, P.R. China.
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128
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Li B, Zhao Y, Zhou X, Peng C, Yan X, Zou T. Geniposide improves depression by promoting the expression of synapse-related proteins through the Creb1/Six3os1 axis. Gene 2023:147564. [PMID: 37311497 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the mechanism of Geniposide in the treatment of depression. By screening the effective components and targets of Zhi-zi-chi decoction, 140 candidate targets related to depression were identified. Further transcriptome sequencing was conducted to screen differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs; 7 candidate Geniposide treatment targets for depression were obtained. KEGG/GO enrichment analysis and molecular docking were performed to select the optimal drug target, revealing that Creb1 is an important target. Additionally, Six3os1 is the lncRNA with the smallest P-value among the differentially expressed lncRNAs, and the JASPAR database revealed a binding site between Creb1 and the Six3os1 promoter. The intersection of Synapse-related genes obtained from the GeneCards database and differentially expressed mRNAs produced 6 synaptic-related genes. RNA-protein interaction prediction revealed that Six3os1 interacts with the protein encoded by these genes. Geniposide upregulates the expression of Creb1 and Six3os1. Creb1 can transcriptionally activate Six3os1, thereby upregulating the expression of the synaptic-related proteins Htr3a and Htr2a, improving depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baitao Li
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomao Zhou
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shenzhen Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shenzhen Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Yan
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shenzhen Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zou
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shenzhen Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China.
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129
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van Aswegen T, Seedat S, van Straten A, Goossens L, Bosmans G. Depression in middle childhood: secure base script as a cognitive diathesis in the relationship between daily stress and depressive symptoms. Attach Hum Dev 2023; 25:353-367. [PMID: 37078577 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2023.2204837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of protective factors against childhood depression may allow for the mitigation of severe and chronic symptoms and the timely implementation of intervention strategies. This study investigated the protective effect of having a secure base script on depressive symptoms when children face daily stressors. To test this hypothesis, moderation analyses were performed in a cross-sectional study with 378 children (48.5% boys, 51.5%) aged 8-12 years (M = 10.20; SD = 0.57). The results provided some support for the moderation effect when secure base script knowledge was investigated as a categorical variable in middle childhood. However, the results did not support the moderation effect when investigating secure base script as a continuous variable. Therefore, future investigations may need to address whether a categorical approach could better elucidate the protective role of secure base script knowledge in childhood depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T van Aswegen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A van Straten
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Goossens
- Department of School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Bosmans
- Department of Clinical Psychology, KU Leuven, Belgium
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130
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Rosenblau G, Frolichs K, Korn CW. A neuro-computational social learning framework to facilitate transdiagnostic classification and treatment across psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105181. [PMID: 37062494 PMCID: PMC10236440 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Social deficits are among the core and most striking psychiatric symptoms, present in most psychiatric disorders. Here, we introduce a novel social learning framework, which consists of neuro-computational models that combine reinforcement learning with various types of social knowledge structures. We outline how this social learning framework can help specify and quantify social psychopathology across disorders and provide an overview of the brain regions that may be involved in this type of social learning. We highlight how this framework can specify commonalities and differences in the social psychopathology of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), personality disorders (PD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) and improve treatments on an individual basis. We conjecture that individuals with psychiatric disorders rely on rigid social knowledge representations when learning about others, albeit the nature of their rigidity and the behavioral consequences can greatly differ. While non-clinical cohorts tend to efficiently adapt social knowledge representations to relevant environmental constraints, psychiatric cohorts may rigidly stick to their preconceived notions or overly coarse knowledge representations during learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rosenblau
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA; Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Koen Frolichs
- Section Social Neuroscience, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph W Korn
- Section Social Neuroscience, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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131
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Frommelt T, Bäumler L, Rohleder N, Schulte-Körne G, Platt B. Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of online interpretation bias intervention on stress reactivity in the children of parents with depression: the CoCo study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:378. [PMID: 37254177 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current preventive interventions for the children of parents with depression demonstrate modest effects on depression incidence. This may be because existing interventions tend to comprise general psychotherapeutic tools, rather than targeting the specific mechanisms underlying familial transmission. Improved theoretical models of familial transmission could enhance the development of targeted interventions. Although existing models assume that cognitive and biological vulnerability factors influence one another, the precise mechanisms are unknown. This project is the first to experimentally test whether negative interpretation bias has an impact on cortisol response in children of parents with depression. This study protocol reports a randomised controlled trial of an interpretation bias intervention which aims to shift participants' interpretation bias in a more positive direction and thereby alter their stress response. METHODS Children aged 10-14 years who have i) one parent with a current or previous depression diagnosis, with at least one episode occurring during the child's lifetime and ii) do not have a current or previous psychiatric diagnosis themselves, will be assigned to one of two conditions: an interpretation bias intervention (n = 50) or a structurally similar placebo intervention (n = 50). The interpretation bias intervention consists of a short lab-based cognitive reappraisal of interpretations training, a four-week app-based Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations intervention and interpretation bias specific if-then plans. Interpretation bias will be assessed before and after the intervention using the Scrambled Sentences Task. The effect of the intervention on participants' stress response will be assessed by salivary cortisol collected at five different time points: from immediately before until 45 min after administering the Trier Social Stressor Test for Children. Stress reactivity will be measured via baseline to peak cortisol and stress recovery will be measured via the 45 min cortisol marker. We hypothesise that children who participate in the interpretation bias intervention will display a positive shift in interpretation bias and this, in turn, will alter their stress response. Children who receive the placebo intervention are expected to show a smaller positive shift in interpretation bias and stress reactivity. DISCUSSION The findings of the present study will contribute to models of familial depression transmission as well as informing preventive interventions. If training a more positive interpretation bias subsequently alters participants' stress response, then incorporating such tools may increase the efficacy of existing preventive interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS00028842. Registered August 19, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya Frommelt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nussbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Leonie Bäumler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nussbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstr. 49a, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nussbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Belinda Platt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nussbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
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132
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McLeish AC, Walker KL, Keith RJ, Hart JL. The Role of Perceived Neighborhood Cohesion in the Association between Depressive Symptoms and Cigarette Smoking. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1295-1301. [PMID: 37232382 PMCID: PMC10413331 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2215331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater depression has been linked to increased smoking rates. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. It is possible that high perceived neighborhood cohesion may serve as one such mechanism given its associations with decreased depression and smoking. Having increased levels of depression likely impacts one's perceptions of neighborhood cohesion, which could lead to further increases in depression and a need to manage these symptoms via cigarette smoking. As a first test of this theory, the current study examined the effect of neighborhood cohesion on the association between depressive symptoms and smoking frequency and quantity among past 30-day cigarette smokers. METHODS Participants were 201 combustible cigarette smokers (Mage = 48.33, SD = 11.64; 63.2% female; 68.2% White) who completed self-report measures as part of a larger study of environmental influences on cardiac health. RESULTS Greater depressive symptoms were associated with lower levels of perceived neighborhood cohesion, and there was a significant indirect effect of greater depressive symptoms on heavier smoking through decreased neighborhood cohesion (b = .07, SE = .04, 95% CI [.003, .15]). There was no significant indirect effect for daily smoking. CONCLUSION These results suggest that neighborhood cohesion is an important contextual factor that serves as one explanatory mechanism for the well-established relationship between depression and smoking quantity. Thus, there may be utility in implementing interventions focused on increasing neighborhood cohesion as a way to decrease smoking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C. McLeish
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Superfund Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- American Heart Association Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kandi L. Walker
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Superfund Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- American Heart Association Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rachel J. Keith
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Superfund Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- American Heart Association Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joy L. Hart
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Superfund Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- American Heart Association Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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133
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Atashipour HS, Momeni F, Dolatshahi B, Mirnaseri MS. Effectiveness of memory bias modification in reducing depression and rumination symptoms and autobiographical memory bias: a pilot study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1145259. [PMID: 37292497 PMCID: PMC10244539 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1145259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong interest in cognitive bias modification as a new intervention that targets key underlying vulnerability factors of depression. Memory bias is believed to be a risk factor for the onset and maintenance of depression. In this study, we aimed to examine the effectiveness of memory bias modification on depression symptoms, ruminative thoughts, and autobiographical memory bias. We recruited 40 participants with mild depression who were randomly assigned to two groups of positive (n = 20) and neutral (n = 20) training. The participants were instructed to read and learn French-paired words with their Farsi translations. Next, they were encouraged to recall positive or neutral Farsi translations of French words according to their groups in the first session. After training, and in the second session (follow-up), they were asked to recall all the Farsi translations of the French words. Data were collected using Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Rumination Response Scale (RRS), Self-Referent Encoding Task (SRET). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Repeated retrieval practices resulted in better recall of the target words of the training in both conditions. Still, none of the groups had significant changes in depression scores, ruminative thoughts, and emotional aspects of memory bias. Our results suggest that two sessions of modifying memory biases were not sufficient for reducing the symptoms of depression and rumination. Implications of the finding from this study for future works are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Sadat Atashipour
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshte Momeni
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Dolatshahi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Faul L, Rothrock JM, LaBar KS. Self-Relevance Moderates the Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Corrugator Activity during the Imagination of Personal Episodic Events. Brain Sci 2023; 13:843. [PMID: 37371323 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests depression is associated with blunted reactivity to positive and negative stimuli, known as emotion context insensitivity (ECI). However, ECI is not consistently observed in the literature, suggesting moderators that influence its presence. We propose self-relevance as one such moderator, with ECI most apparent when self-relevance is low. We examined this proposal by measuring self-report and facial electromyography (EMG) from the corrugator muscle while participants (n = 81) imagined hypothetical scenarios with varying self-relevance and recalled autobiographical memories. Increased depressive symptoms on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were associated with less differentiated arousal and self-relevance ratings between happy, neutral, and sad scenarios. EMG analyses further revealed that individuals with high depressive symptoms exhibited blunted corrugator reactivity (reduced differentiation) for sad, neutral, and happy scenarios with low self-relevance, while corrugator reactivity remained sensitive to valence for highly self-relevant scenarios. By comparison, in individuals with low depressive symptoms, corrugator activity differentiated valence regardless of stimulus self-relevance. Supporting a role for self-relevance in shaping ECI, we observed no depression-related differences in emotional reactivity when participants recalled highly self-relevant happy or sad autobiographical memories. Our findings suggest ECI is primarily associated with blunted reactivity towards material deemed low in self-relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Faul
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jane M Rothrock
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kevin S LaBar
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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135
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Han ZR, Yan J, Yang X, Guo M, West KB, Suveg C, Wang H. The impacts of anxiety and depressive symptoms on emotional processing in children and their parents: an event-related potential study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:58. [PMID: 37170287 PMCID: PMC10176778 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with dysregulated emotional processing. However, less is known about the intra-personal and inter-personal impacts of anxiety and depressive symptoms on emotional processing in children and their parents. METHODS In a community sample of 36 parent-child dyads (total N = 72), the current study investigated the intra- and inter-personal effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms on the child's and the parent's neurophysiological responses to emotional (i.e., pleasant and unpleasant) stimuli, indexed by the late positive potential (LPP). RESULTS The results indicated that children's anxiety symptoms were correlated with their enhanced LPPs to pleasant versus neutral pictures. Additionally, children's depressive symptoms related to their increased LPPs to unpleasant stimuli. Importantly, children's anxiety symptoms were associated with their parents' increased LPPs to both unpleasant and pleasant information. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that anxiety symptoms in community children were related to their own as well as their parents' emotional processing. The findings contribute to cognitive and family models of anxiety and depression and further highlight the potential role of dyadic interventions for the alleviation of impairing symptoms in children and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Rachel Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Julia Yan
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Mingjia Guo
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Cynthia Suveg
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Applied Psychology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, No. 18 Jinfeng Road, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
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136
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Thams F, Brassen S. The need to change: Is there a critical role of midlife adaptation in mental health later in life? eLife 2023; 12:82390. [PMID: 37141113 PMCID: PMC10159621 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although late-life depression (LLD) is a serious health problem and more common than dementia in people over 60, it is underdiagnosed and undertreated. The cognitive-emotional etiology of LLD is particularly poorly understood. This is in contrast to the now extensive literature from psychology and cognitive neuroscience on the characteristics of emotionally healthy aging. This research consistently shows a change in emotional processing in older adults that is modulated by prefrontal regulation. Lifespan theories explain this change in terms of neurocognitive adaptation to limited opportunities and resources that typically occur in the second half of life. Epidemiological data on an increase in well-being after a low point around age 50 suggest that the majority of people seem quite capable of making this adaptation, even though empirical evidence for a causal modulation of this so called 'paradox of aging' and for the role of the midlife dip is still lacking. Intriguingly, LLD is associated with deficits in emotional, cognitive, and prefrontal functions similar to those shown to be crucial for healthy adaptation. Suspected causes of these deficits, such as white matter lesions or affective instability, become apparent as early as midlife when internal and external changes as well as daily challenges set in. Based on these findings, we propose that some individuals who develop depression at older ages may not have been able to successfully implement self-regulatory adaptation at midlife. Here, we review the current evidence and theories on successful aging, the neurobiology of LLD, and well-being across the lifespan. Drawing on recent advances in lifespan theories, emotion regulation research, and cognitive neuroscience, we propose a model of successful versus unsuccessful adaptation that emphasizes the increasing need for implicit habitual control and resource-based regulatory choice during midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Thams
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Brassen
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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137
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Ghosh A, Agnihotri J, Bhalotia S, Sati BK, Agarwal L, A A, Tandon S, Meena K, Raj S, Azad Y, Gupta S, Gupta N. Serious Games Based on Cognitive Bias Modification and Learned Helplessness Paradigms for the Treatment of Depression: Design and Acceptability Study. JMIR Serious Games 2023; 11:e37105. [PMID: 37133923 DOI: 10.2196/37105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a debilitating mental health disorder, with a large treatment gap. Recent years have seen a surge in digital interventions to bridge this treatment gap. Most of these interventions are based on computerized cognitive behavioral therapy. Despite the efficacy of computerized cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions, their uptake is low and dropout rates are high. Cognitive bias modification (CBM) paradigms provide a complementary approach to digital interventions for depression. However, interventions based on CBM paradigms have been reported to be repetitive and boring. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we described the conceptualization, design, and acceptability of serious games based on CBM paradigms and the learned helplessness paradigm. METHODS We searched the literature for CBM paradigms that were shown to be effective in reducing depressive symptoms. For each of the CBM paradigms, we ideated how to create a game so that the gameplay was engaging while the active therapeutic component remained unchanged. RESULTS We developed 5 serious games based on the CBM paradigms and the learned helplessness paradigm. The games include various core elements of gamification, such as goals, challenges, feedback, rewards, progress, and fun. Overall, the games received positive acceptability ratings from 15 users. CONCLUSIONS These games may help improve the effectiveness and engagement levels of computerized interventions for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arka Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Jagriti Agnihotri
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Sradha Bhalotia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Bharat Kumar Sati
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Latika Agarwal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Akash A
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Swastika Tandon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Komal Meena
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Shreyash Raj
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Yatin Azad
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Silky Gupta
- Department of Cognitive Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
- Department of Cognitive Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
- Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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138
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Klojčnik M, Bakracevic K. The effectiveness of computerized cognitive remediation therapy (CCRT) for deficits in attention and executive functions in depression: A pilot study. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023; 30:306-314. [PMID: 34182842 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1941965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Depression is associated with cognitive deficits and changes in the brain. Major depression is often associated with cognitive problems; however, there are only a few studies that have focused on the systematic use of cognitive remediation in depression. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of computerized cognitive remediation in depressed patients with cognitive dysfunction. Patients (n = 20) with depression were randomly assigned to the active or control group. The active intervention (computerized cognitive remediation) comprised 12 sessions focused on the remediation of attention and executive functions through the CogniPlus software. All participants completed neuropsychological testing before and after the intervention. A mixed-design analysis of variance revealed a significant time × group interaction in the attention and planning task, on the Beck Depression Inventory and on the Shifting, Emotional Control and Initiating sub-scales of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult. The results showed that patients undergoing cognitive remediation improved in domains related to attention and executive functions and scored significantly lower on the Beck Depression Inventory. The findings provide some evidence that cognitive remediation could be an efficient approach to dealing with cognitive deficits in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Klojčnik
- Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Karin Bakracevic
- Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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139
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Xu EP, Nguyen L, Leibenluft E, Stange JP, Linke JO. A meta-analysis on the uncinate fasciculus in depression. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2721-2731. [PMID: 37051913 PMCID: PMC10235669 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant microstructure of the uncinate fasciculus (UNC), a white matter (WM) tract implicated in emotion regulation, has been hypothesized as a neurobiological mechanism of depression. However, studies testing this hypothesis have yielded inconsistent results. The present meta-analysis consolidates evidence from 44 studies comparing fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD), two metrics characterizing WM microstructure, of the UNC in individuals with depression (n = 5016) to healthy individuals (n = 18 425). We conduct meta-regressions to identify demographic and clinical characteristics that contribute to cross-study heterogeneity in UNC findings. UNC FA was reduced in individuals with depression compared to healthy individuals. UNC RD was comparable between individuals with depression and healthy individuals. Comorbid anxiety explained inter-study heterogeneity in UNC findings. Depression is associated with perturbations in UNC microstructure, specifically with respect to UNC FA and not UNC RD. The association between depression and UNC microstructure appears to be moderated by anxiety. Future work should unravel the cellular mechanisms contributing to aberrant UNC microstructure in depression; clarify the relationship between UNC microstructure, depression, and anxiety; and link UNC microstructure to psychological processes, such as emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie P. Xu
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynn Nguyen
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Stange
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia O. Linke
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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140
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Conley MI, Hernandez J, Salvati JM, Gee DG, Baskin-Sommers A. The role of perceived threats on mental health, social, and neurocognitive youth outcomes: A multicontextual, person-centered approach. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:689-710. [PMID: 35232507 PMCID: PMC9437149 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942100184x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Perceived threat in youth's environments can elevate risk for mental health, social, and neurocognitive difficulties throughout the lifespan. However, few studies examine variability in youth's perceptions of threat across multiple contexts or evaluate outcomes across multiple domains, ultimately limiting our understanding of specific risks associated with perceived threats in different contexts. This study examined associations between perceived threat in youth's neighborhood, school, and family contexts at ages 9-10 and mental health, social, and neurocognitive outcomes at ages 11-12 within a large US cohort (N = 5525) enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®). Latent profile analysis revealed four distinct profiles: Low Threat in all contexts, Elevated Family Threat, Elevated Neighborhood Threat, and Elevated Threat in all contexts. Mixed-effect models and post hoc pairwise comparisons showed that youth in Elevated Threat profile had poorer mental health and social outcomes 2 years later. Youth in the Elevated Family Threat profile uniquely showed increased disruptive behavior symptoms, whereas youth in the Elevated Neighborhood Threat profile predominantly displayed increased sleep problems and worse neurocognitive outcomes 2 years later. Together, findings highlight the importance of considering perceptions of threat across multiple contexts to achieve a more nuanced developmental picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- May I. Conley
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT,
USA
| | | | - Joeann M. Salvati
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg
School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dylan G. Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT,
USA
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141
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Liu P, Tan JXY. Behavioral and ERP indices of self-schematic processing show differential associations with emerging symptoms of depression and social anxiety in late childhood: Evidence from a community-dwelling sample. Biol Psychol 2023; 180:108594. [PMID: 37247814 PMCID: PMC10357463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms of depression and social anxiety elevate in late childhood. An identified cognitive risk to both depression and social anxiety is maladaptive self-schemas (or self-schematic processing). Beyond the behavioral indices of this construct, event-related potentials (ERPs) during self-schematic processing have also been observed to be associated with depression or depressive symptoms. However, no study has examined the ERPs underlying self-schematic processing in relation to social anxiety. More importantly, it was unclear to what extent behavioral and ERP indices of self-schematic processing were differentially associated with depression and social anxiety, especially in typical-risk youth with emerging symptoms. A hundred and fifteen community-dwelling children (66 girls; Mean age=10.91 years, SD=1.45) completed a self-referent encoding task (SRET) with EEG recorded. A Principal Component Analysis identified a late positive potential (LPP) component elicited in both the positive and negative SRET conditions. Multivariate multiple regression showed that in both conditions, behavioral SRET scores were associated with depressive symptoms while partialling out social anxiety symptoms, but not with social anxiety symptoms with depressive symptoms partialled out. The LPP amplitude elicited in both conditions showed marginally positive associations with social anxiety symptoms while partialling out depressive symptoms, but not with depressive symptoms while accounting for social anxiety. This study provides novel evidence concerning the ERP correlates of self-schematic processing in relation to social anxiety symptoms. More importantly, our findings for the first time speak to the differential associations between the behavioral SRET scores and SRET-elicited LPP and emerging symptoms of depression and social anxiety in late childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Center for Visual and Cognitive Neuroscience, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
| | - Jaron X Y Tan
- Department of Psychology, Center for Visual and Cognitive Neuroscience, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
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142
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Mazurek B, Böcking B, Dobel C, Rose M, Brüggemann P. Tinnitus and Influencing Comorbidities. Laryngorhinootologie 2023; 102:S50-S58. [PMID: 37130530 PMCID: PMC10184670 DOI: 10.1055/a-1950-6149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies show that impairments in chronic tinnitus are closely connected with psychosomatic and other concomitant symptoms. This overview summarizes some of these studies. Beyond hearing loss, individual interactions of medical and psychosocial stress factors as well as resources are of central importance. Tinnitus related distress reflects a large number of intercorrelated, psychosomatic influences - such as personality traits, stress reactivity and depression or anxiety - which can be accompanied by cognitive difficulties and should be conceptualized and assessed within a vulnerability-stress-reaction model. Superordinate factors such as age, gender or education level can increase vulnerability to stress. Therefore, diagnosis and therapy of chronic tinnitus be individualised, multidimensional and interdisciplinary. Multimodal psychosomatic therapy approaches aim to address individually constellated medical, audiological and psychological influences in order to sustainably increase the quality of life of those affected. Counselling in the first contact is also indispensable for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Mazurek
- Tinnituszentrum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | | | - Christian Dobel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für HNO-Heilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena
| | - Matthias Rose
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Psychosomatik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
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143
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Moretta T, Messerotti Benvenuti S. Familial risk for depression is associated with reduced P300 and late positive potential to affective stimuli and prolonged cardiac deceleration to unpleasant stimuli. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6432. [PMID: 37081143 PMCID: PMC10119159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence of abnormal affective processing as a key correlate of depression, specific attentional mechanisms underlying processing of emotions in familial risk for depression have yet to be investigated in a single study. To this end, the amplitude of the P300 and late positive potential (LPP) complex and cardiac deceleration were assessed during the passive viewing of affective pictures in 32 individuals who had family history of depression (without depressive symptoms) and in 30 controls (without depressive symptoms and family history of depression). Individuals with familial risk for depression revealed reduced P300-LPP amplitudes in response to pleasant and unpleasant stimuli relative to controls, and comparable P300-LPP amplitudes in response to pleasant and neutral stimuli. Controls, but not individuals with familial risk for depression, reported cardiac deceleration during the viewing of pleasant vs. neutral and unpleasant stimuli in the 0-3 s time window. Also, only individuals with familial risk for depression showed a prolonged cardiac deceleration in response to unpleasant vs. neutral stimuli. Overall, the present study provides new insights into the characterization of emotion-related attentional processes in familial risk for depression as potential vulnerability factors for the development of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Simone Messerotti Benvenuti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Hospital Psychology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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144
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Dolatshahi B, Naderi Rajeh Y, Pourshahbaz A, Zarghami M. Uncovering Negative Interpretation Bias in Remitted/Recovered Depression with Laboratory Task. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2023; 18:165-172. [PMID: 37383958 PMCID: PMC10293697 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v18i2.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Research has demonstrated that individuals with a history of depression engage in complicated strategies (e.g., thought suppression) that may mask the possible existence of major depression. Increasing the mental strain, such as retrieving a six-digit number, may reveal depressive thinking in previously depressed individuals. This study examined the hypothesis that thought suppression could mask a cognitive vulnerability to depression and illustrated how cognitive tasks disrupt mind control. Method : This case-control study recruited 255 participants with a convenience sampling method conducted at the Razi Educational and Therapeutic Psychiatric Center (Tehran, Iran) in 2021. Participants were divided into five groups, then they were evaluated by a scrambled sentence test (SST) after random assignment to either mental load or no mental load conditions. The number of negative unscrambled statements was used as an index of negative interpretation bias. After gathering data, analysis of variance (ANOVA) for different group factors and conditions was carried out to test the main hypotheses. Results: The effect of the intervention provided to each group on the score of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRDS) was significant (F (4, 208) = 511.77, P < 0.001). A significant correlation (r = 0.36, P < 0.01) was found between depression (HDRS) and negative interpretive bias (SST). Analysis of ANOVA has revealed a significant effect on the group (F (4, 412) = 14.94, P < 0.001). The effect of the mental load was not significant (F (4, 412) = 0.09, P = 0.75), but the group × load interaction was significant (F (4, 412) = 5.03, P < 0.001). Post hoc test was used to draw multiple comparisons between the five groups. Conclusion: The results revealed that people who are vulnerable to depressive disorders are predominantly engaged in thought suppression, which can conceal their depressogenic thinking until cognitive requests consume their mind control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Dolatshahi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yazdan Naderi Rajeh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Abbas Pourshahbaz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Zarghami
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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145
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Fwelo P, Adzrago D, Adekunle AD, Adekunle TE, Akinlo A, Perkinson WB. Relationship between mental health disorder symptoms and negative cancer perceptions among U.S. adults. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:295-305. [PMID: 36593424 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although much emphasis has been placed on the impact of ambiguity on cognitive processes, the impact of mental health disorder symptoms and racial/ethnic disparities in cancer perception of fatalism and ambiguity remains less explored. This study explored the association between mental health disorder symptoms and negative cancer perceptions. Also, we assessed differences in these outcomes within mental health disorder symptoms and racial/ethnic subgroups to investigate the association between cancer perceptions and the other covariates within the aforementioned subgroups. METHODS We used the 2019-2020 Health Information National Trends Survey data (N = 9,303) to assess the perception of cancer fatalism and cancer communication ambiguity and employed weighted multivariable logistic regression to determine the effects of mental health disorder symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) scale on these negative cancer perceptions among United States adults. RESULTS People with moderate [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.58, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.09, 2.31] and severe anxiety/depression (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.12, 3.14) symptoms were more likely to have cancer fatalism perceptions than people with no anxiety/depression symptoms. People with mild (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.69) or severe (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.03, 3.16) anxiety/depression symptoms were more likely to perceive cancer communication as ambiguous compared to people who had no anxiety/depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that mental health status was associated with both cancer fatalism and perceived cancer communication ambiguity. This suggests that interventions aimed at reducing mental health disorder symptoms may potentially reduce these negative perceptions, thereby improving participation in cancer prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Fwelo
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin St., Suite 2052-4, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - David Adzrago
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Toluwani E Adekunle
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ambrose Akinlo
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William B Perkinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin St., Suite 2052-4, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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146
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Li LY, Glazer JE, Helgren F, Funkhouser CJ, Auerbach RP, Shankman SA. Electrophysiological evidence of mal-adaptation to error in remitted depression. Biol Psychol 2023; 179:108555. [PMID: 37031811 PMCID: PMC10175186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Identifying risk markers for major depressive disorder (MDD) that persist into remission is key to address MDD's high rate of recurrence. Central to MDD recurrence are the disorder's negative information processing biases, such as heightened responses to errors, which may subsequently impair abilities to monitor performance and adjust behaviors based on environmental demands. However, little is known regarding the neurophysiological correlates of post-error adaptation in depression. The current study investigated event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral performance following errors from a flanker task in 58 participants with remitted MDD (rMDD) and 118 healthy controls (HC). Specifically, using trial-level data, we tested: (a) the impact of errors on response-locked ERPs of the current and post-error trials (error-related negativity [ERN] and correct response negativity [CRN]) and (b) longer-term adaptation to errors (ERN/CRN) over the course of the task. Compared to HC, rMDD participants showed a larger ERN to the current trial and smaller habituation in ERN over time. On trials immediately following errors, rMDD participants showed slower reaction times that were predicted by the previous-trial ERN amplitude but comparable accuracy to HC, suggesting a deficient ability to disengage from errors and/or a compensatory effort to mitigate accuracy decrements. Critically, this pattern of responding: (a) was concurrently associated with greater levels of anhedonia symptoms, more severe MDD history, and interpersonal impairment (but lower impairment in life activities) and (b) predicted more anhedonia symptoms at one-year follow-up. Collectively, a hyperactive performance monitoring system may be a useful risk marker for future MDD recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Y Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - James E Glazer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fiona Helgren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carter J Funkhouser
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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147
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Aslanyan V, Pa J, Hodis HN, St. John J, Kono N, Henderson VW, Mack WJ. Generalizability of cognitive results from clinical trial participants to an older adult population: Addressing external validity. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12417. [PMID: 37091311 PMCID: PMC10113884 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Study inclusion criteria and recruitment practices limit the generalizability of randomized-controlled trial (RCT) results. Statistical modeling could enhance generalizability of outcomes. To illustrate this, the cognition-depression relationship was assessed with and without adjustment relative to the target population of older women. Methods Randomized participants from four RCTs and non-randomized participants from two cohorts were included in this study. Prediction models estimated probability of being randomized into trials from target populations. These probabilities were used for inverse odds weighting relative to target populations. Weighted linear regression was used to assess the depression-cognition relationship. Results There was no depression-cognition relationship in the combined randomized sample. After applying weights relative to a representative cohort, negative relationships were observed. After applying weights relative to a non-representative cohort, bias of estimates increased. Discussion Quantitative approaches to transportability using representative samples may explain the absence of a-priori established relationships in RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahan Aslanyan
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Judy Pa
- Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS)Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Howard N. Hodis
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Atherosclerosis Research UnitKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of MedicineKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jan St. John
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Atherosclerosis Research UnitKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Naoko Kono
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Atherosclerosis Research UnitKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Victor W. Henderson
- Departments of Epidemiology and Population Health and of Neurology and Neurological SciencesSchool of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Atherosclerosis Research UnitKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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148
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Soltani S, Noel M, Bernier E, Kopala-Sibley DC. Pain and insomnia as risk factors for first lifetime onsets of anxiety, depression, and suicidality in adolescence. Pain 2023:00006396-990000000-00267. [PMID: 36944086 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic pain and mental health problems have both been identified as public health emergencies and co-occur at high rates. This prospective, longitudinal investigation examined whether chronic pain status, pain-related symptoms (intensity, interference), pain catastrophizing, and insomnia severity predicted first lifetime onset of depressive and/or anxiety disorders as well as suicidality in a cohort of youth with a parental history of mood and/or anxiety disorders. Participants included 145 youth (Mage = 13.74 years; 64% female) who completed structured diagnostic interviews at baseline and at 9- and 18-month follow-up to assess depressive and anxiety disorders as well as suicidality. Participants completed baseline questionnaires assessing depressive and anxiety symptoms, pain symptoms and characteristics, pain interference, pain catastrophizing, and insomnia severity. Approximately 25% of youth reported having chronic pain at baseline. Nearly half (47.3%) developed a depressive disorder (21.3%), anxiety disorder (15.7%), or both (10.3%), and 34% endorsed experiencing suicidality at follow-up. Increased pain interference, intensity, catastrophizing, and insomnia severity predicted increased likelihood of first lifetime onset of a depressive disorder at follow-up, over and above sex and baseline symptoms. Chronic pain at baseline was associated with the increased likelihood of onset of suicidality at follow-up. Increased pain intensity and interference at baseline predicted increased severity of suicidality at follow-up. Insomnia severity predicted increased likelihood of anxiety disorder onset. The presence of chronic pain and elevated pain-related symptoms and insomnia are premorbid risk factors for the development of significant mental health disorders and issues in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Soltani
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Behaviour and the Developing Brain Theme Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Emily Bernier
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel C Kopala-Sibley
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Behaviour and the Developing Brain Theme Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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149
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Yang X, Fridman AJ, Unsworth N, Casement MD. Pupillary motility responses to affectively salient stimuli in individuals with depression or elevated risk of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105125. [PMID: 36924842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Elaborative affective processing is observed in depression, and pupillary reactivity, a continuous, sensitive, and reliable indicator of physiological arousal and neurocognitive processing, is increasingly utilized in studies of depression-related characteristics. As a first attempt to quantitively summarize existing evidence on depression-related pupillary reactivity alterations, this review and meta-analysis evaluated the direction, magnitude, and specificity of pupillary indices of affective processing towards positively, negatively, and neutrally-valenced stimuli among individuals diagnosed with depression or with elevated risk of depression. Studies on pupillary responses to affective stimuli in the target groups were identified in PsycINFO and PubMed databases. Twenty-two articles met inclusion criteria for the qualitative review and 16 for the quantitative review. Three-level frequentist and Bayesian models were applied to summarize pooled effects from baseline-controlled stimuli-induced average changes in pupillary responses. In general, compared to non-depressed individuals, individuals with depression or elevated risk of depression exhibited higher pupillary reactivity (d =0.15) towards negatively-valenced stimuli during affective processing. Pupillary motility towards negatively-valenced stimuli may be a promising trait-like marker for depression vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx St, Eugene, OR US 97403, USA.
| | - Andrew J Fridman
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx St, Eugene, OR US 97403, USA.
| | - Nash Unsworth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx St, Eugene, OR US 97403, USA.
| | - Melynda D Casement
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx St, Eugene, OR US 97403, USA.
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150
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Does emotion regulation mediate the effect of stressful life events on depressive symptoms in adolescents? J Affect Disord 2023; 325:354-359. [PMID: 36608855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescents' exposure to stressful life events (SLEs) is highly prevalent and increases their risk of developing depression considerably. A small number of studies have addressed the extent to which resilience factors, such as the ability to emotionally regulate, mediate the relationship between SLEs and depression. This study examined whether emotion regulation mediates and significantly attenuates the direct path between SLEs and depressive symptoms in a nonclinical sample of adolescents. METHOD A sample of 235 first- and second-year high-school students completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Risk Factor Questionnaire, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Mean age was 16.9 (SD = 1.8) years, and 65 % (n = 152) of the participants were female. To assess for mediation, a regression-based path analysis approach was used. RESULTS SLEs were significantly (t = 5.13, p < 0.001) associated with depressive symptoms, explaining 59.1 % of the total variance. Controlling for the mediation variable (emotion regulation), we found a reduced but statistically significant direct effect (t = 2.87, p = 0.005) between SLEs and depressive symptoms. A statistically significant indirect effect explaining 64.6 % of the total effect demonstrated partial mediation from stressful life events to depressive symptoms via emotion regulation. LIMITATIONS Our analyses are based on correlational and cross-sectional data and thus exclude statistical examination of temporal causal relationships, and assessments of whether reported affects are stable over time. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that interventions that can modify the ability to regulate emotions may help reduce depressive symptoms in at-risk adolescents.
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