101
|
Wang Z, Wu L, Fang Q, Shen M, Zhang L, Liu X. Effects of capsaicin on swallowing function in stroke patients with dysphagia: A randomized controlled trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:1744-1751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
102
|
Iqbal H, Kim SK, Cha KM, Jeong MS, Ghosh P, Rhee DK. Korean Red Ginseng alleviates neuroinflammation and promotes cell survival in the intermittent heat stress-induced rat brain by suppressing oxidative stress via estrogen receptor beta and brain-derived neurotrophic factor upregulation. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:593-602. [PMID: 32617039 PMCID: PMC7322747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heat stress orchestrates neurodegenerative disorders and results in the formation of reactive oxygen species that leads to cell death. Although the immunomodulatory effects of ginseng are well studied, the mechanism by which ginseng alleviates heat stress in the brain remains elusive. Methods Rats were exposed to intermittent heat stress for 6 months, and brain samples were examined to elucidate survival and antiinflammatory effect after Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) treatment. Results Intermittent long-term heat stress (ILTHS) upregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, increasing infiltration of inflammatory cells (hematoxylin and eosin staining) and the level of proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor α, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6], leading to cell death (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay) and elevated markers of oxidative stress damage (myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde), resulting in the downregulation of antiapoptotic markers (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) and expression of estrogen receptor beta and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, key factors in regulating neuronal cell survival. In contrast, KRG mitigated ILTHS-induced release of proinflammatory mediators, upregulated the mRNA level of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10, and increased myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels. In addition, KRG significantly decreased the expression of the proapoptotic marker (Bax), did not affect caspase-3 expression, but increased the expression of antiapoptotic markers (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL). Furthermore, KRG significantly activated the expression of both estrogen receptor beta and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Conclusion ILTHS induced oxidative stress responses and inflammatory molecules, which can lead to impaired neurogenesis and ultimately neuronal death, whereas, KRG, being the antioxidant, inhibited neuronal damage and increased cell viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Iqbal
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Kwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Min Cha
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Prachetash Ghosh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Rhee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Schlader ZJ, Vargas NT. Regulation of Body Temperature by Autonomic and Behavioral Thermoeffectors. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2019; 47:116-126. [PMID: 30632999 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermoregulation is accomplished via autonomic and behavioral responses. Autonomic responses may influence decisions to behaviorally thermoregulate. For instance, in addition to changes in body temperature, skin wettedness and involuntary muscle contraction, which occur subsequent to sweating and shivering, likely modulate thermal behavior. This autonomic-behavioral interaction provides the rationale for our hypothesis that thermoregulatory behavior decreases the requirement for autonomic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Schlader
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | | |
Collapse
|
104
|
Fujimoto T, Tsuji B, Sasaki Y, Dobashi K, Sengoku Y, Fujii N, Nishiyasu T. Low-intensity exercise delays the shivering response to core cooling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 316:R535-R542. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00203.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypothermia can occur during aquatic exercise despite production of significant amounts of heat by the active muscles. Because the characteristics of human thermoregulatory responses to cold during exercise have not been fully elucidated, we investigated the effect of low-intensity exercise on the shivering response to core cooling in cool water. Eight healthy young men (24 ± 3 yr) were cooled through cool water immersion while resting (rest trial) and during loadless pedaling on a water cycle ergometer (exercise trial). Before the cooling, body temperature was elevated by hot water immersion to clearly detect a core temperature at which shivering initiates. Throughout the cooling period, mean skin temperature remained around the water temperature (25°C) in both trials, whereas esophageal temperature (Tes) did not differ between the trials ( P > 0.05). The Tes at which oxygen uptake (V̇o2) rapidly increased, an index of the core temperature threshold for shivering, was lower during exercise than rest (36.2 ± 0.4°C vs. 36.5 ± 0.4°C, P < 0.05). The sensitivity of the shivering response, as indicated by the slope of the Tes-V̇o2 relation, did not differ between the trials (−441.3 ±177.4 ml·min−1·°C−1 vs. −411.8 ± 268.1 ml·min−1·°C−1, P > 0.05). The thermal sensation response to core cooling, assessed from the slope and intercept of the regression line relating Tes and thermal sensation, did not differ between the trials ( P > 0.05). These results suggest that the core temperature threshold for shivering is delayed during low-intensity exercise in cool water compared with rest although shivering sensitivity is unaffected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Fujimoto
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Bun Tsuji
- Department of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sasaki
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Economics, Niigata Sangyo University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kohei Dobashi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sengoku
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujii
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishiyasu
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
The Dynamics of the Skin's Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081811. [PMID: 31013709 PMCID: PMC6515324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a complex organ that has devised numerous strategies, such as physical, chemical, and microbiological barriers, to protect the host from external insults. In addition, the skin contains an intricate network of immune cells resident to the tissue, crucial for host defense as well as tissue homeostasis. In the event of an insult, the skin-resident immune cells are crucial not only for prevention of infection but also for tissue reconstruction. Deregulation of immune responses often leads to impaired healing and poor tissue restoration and function. In this review, we will discuss the defensive components of the skin and focus on the function of skin-resident immune cells in homeostasis and their role in wound healing.
Collapse
|
106
|
Gomes LHLS, Drummond LR, Campos HO, Rezende LMTD, Carneiro-Júnior MA, Oliveira A, Natali AJ, Prímola-Gomes TN. Thermoregulation in Hypertensive Rats during Exercise: Effects of Physical Training. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 112:534-542. [PMID: 30892385 PMCID: PMC6555570 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) show deficit in thermal balance during
physical exercise. Objective To assess the effects of low-intensity physical exercise training on thermal
balance of hypertensive rats undergoing an acute exercise protocol. Methods Sixteen-week-old male Wistar rats and SHR were allocated into four groups:
control Wistar rats (C-WIS), trained Wistar (T-WIS), control SHR (C-SHR) and
trained SHR (T-SHR). Treadmill exercise training was performed for 12 weeks.
Blood pressure, resting heart rate and total exercise time was measured
before and after the physical exercise program. After the exercise program,
a temperature sensor was implanted in the abdominal cavity, and the animals
subjected to an acute exercise protocol, during which internal body
temperature, tail skin temperature and oxygen consumption until fatigue were
continuously recorded. Mechanical efficiency (ME), work, heat dissipation
threshold and sensitivity were calculated. Statistical significance was set
at 5%. Results Physical training and hypertension had no effect on thermal balance during
physical exercise. Compared with C-WIS, the T-WIS group showed higher heat
production, which was counterbalanced by higher heat dissipation.
Hypertensive rats showed lower ME than normotensive rats, which was not
reversed by the physical training. Conclusion Low-intensity physical training did not affect thermal balance in SHR
subjected to acute exercise.
Collapse
|
107
|
Patrone LGA, Duarte JB, Bícego KC, Steiner AA, Romanovsky AA, Gargaglioni LH. TRPV1 Inhibits the Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia in Adult Rats, but Not the CO₂-Drive to Breathe. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12010019. [PMID: 30682830 PMCID: PMC6469189 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptors of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels superfamily are expressed in many tissues and have different physiological functions. However, there are few studies investigating the role of these channels in cardiorespiratory control in mammals. We assessed the role of central and peripheral TRPV1 receptors in the cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia (10% O2) and hypercapnia (7% CO2) by measuring pulmonary ventilation (V˙E), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and body temperature (Tb) of male Wistar rats before and after intraperitoneal (AMG9810 [2.85 µg/kg, 1 mL/kg]) or intracebroventricular (AMG9810 [2.85 µg/kg, 1 µL] or AMG7905 [28.5 μg/kg, 1 µL]) injections of TRPV1 antagonists. Central or peripheral injection of TRPV1 antagonists did not change cardiorespiratory parameters or Tb during room air and hypercapnic conditions. However, the hypoxic ventilatory response was exaggerated by both central and peripheral injection of AMG9810. In addition, the peripheral antagonist blunted the drop in Tb induced by hypoxia. Therefore, the current data provide evidence that TRPV1 channels exert an inhibitory modulation on the hypoxic drive to breathe and stimulate the Tb reduction during hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gustavo A Patrone
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, UNESP at Jaboticabal, Rod. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal SP 14870-000, Brazil.
| | - Jaime B Duarte
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, UNESP at Jaboticabal, Rod. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal SP 14870-000, Brazil.
| | - Kênia Cardoso Bícego
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, UNESP at Jaboticabal, Rod. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal SP 14870-000, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre A Steiner
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil.
| | - Andrej A Romanovsky
- Thermoregulation and Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
| | - Luciane H Gargaglioni
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, UNESP at Jaboticabal, Rod. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal SP 14870-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Leta V, van Wamelen D, Rukavina K, Jaakkola E, Sportelli C, Wan YM, Podlewska A, Parry M, Metta V, Chaudhuri K. Sweating and other thermoregulatory abnormalities in Parkinson’s disease: A review. ANNALS OF MOVEMENT DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/aomd.aomd_2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
109
|
The influence of thermal inputs on brain regulation of exercise: An evolutionary perspective. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018. [PMID: 30390835 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The relationship between performance, heat load and the ability to withstand serious thermal insult is a key factor in understanding how endurance is regulated. The capacity to withstand high thermal loads is not unique to humans and is typical to all mammals. Thermoregulation is an evolutionary adaptation which is species specific and should be regarded as a survival strategy rather than purely a physiological response. The fact that mammals have selected ~37°C as a set point could be a key factor in understanding our endurance capabilities and strategy. Endurance presents a significant challenge to bodily homeostasis while our thermoregulatory strategy is able to cope exquisitely under the most unfavorable conditions. The ability of the CNS to regulate this strategy is key in athletic performance since the thermoregulatory center is located within the brain and receives input from multiple systems and deploys effector responses as needed. This chapter will discuss the evolution of thermoregulation in humans and propose that the brain is more than sufficiently capable of maintaining thermal-homeostasis because of its evolutionary path. As such, this is connected to our ability to modulate efferent drive during heat strain and in so doing provides us with the capability to pace during endurance events in the heat.
Collapse
|
110
|
Motzko-Soares ACP, Vizin RCL, Martins TMS, Hungaro ARO, Sato JR, Almeida MC, Carrettiero DC. Thermoregulatory profile of neurodegeneration-induced dementia of the Alzheimer's type using intracerebroventricular streptozotocin in rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 224:e13084. [PMID: 29719119 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM Here, we have extensively investigated the relationship between thermoregulation and neurodegeneration-induced dementia of the Alzheimer's type using intracerebroventricular injections of streptozotocin (icv-STZ). METHODS Male Wistar rats were treated with bilateral injections of icv-STZ, and their thermoregulatory profiles (core body temperature, tail-skin temperature, cold and heat defence responses and thermal place preference) were evaluated. Spatial memory, locomotor activity, social interaction, brain ventricular volume, and Aβ1-42 and tau protein levels in the brain were analysed to characterize the effects of STZ on the brain and behaviour. RESULTS In addition to deficits in spatial memory, reduced social interaction and an increased brain ventricular volume, icv-STZ rats presented a pattern of hyperthermia, as demonstrated by an increased core body temperature. Hyperthermia was due to the activation of both autonomic heat conservation and behavioural cold avoidance, as STZ-treated rats presented tail-cutaneous vasoconstriction and an altered thermal preference. They also showed a distinct cold defence response when exposed to cold. CONCLUSION Our data bring evidence that icv-STZ in rats causes hyperthermia, with activation of both autonomic and behavioural thermoregulatory defence responses when challenged at colder temperatures, leading us to hypothesize that they are more efficient in preventing hypothermia. These data are relevant for a better understanding of neurodegenerative disease mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. C. P. Motzko-Soares
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - R. C. L. Vizin
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - T. M. S. Martins
- Undergraduate Program in Science and Technology; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - A. R. O. Hungaro
- Undergraduate Program in Science and Technology; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - J. R. Sato
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
- Center for Mathematics Computation and Cognition (CMCC); Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - M. C. Almeida
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH); Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - D. C. Carrettiero
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH); Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Abstract
Maintenance of a homeostatic body core temperature is a critical brain function accomplished by a central neural network. This orchestrates a complex behavioral and autonomic repertoire in response to environmental temperature challenges or declining energy homeostasis and in support of immune responses and many behavioral states. This review summarizes the anatomical, neurotransmitter, and functional relationships within the central neural network that controls the principal thermoeffectors: cutaneous vasoconstriction regulating heat loss and shivering and brown adipose tissue for heat production. The core thermoregulatory network regulating these thermoeffectors consists of parallel but distinct central efferent pathways that share a common peripheral thermal sensory input. Delineating the neural circuit mechanism underlying central thermoregulation provides a useful platform for exploring its functional organization, elucidating the molecular underpinnings of its neuronal interactions, and discovering novel therapeutic approaches to modulating body temperature and energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S F Morrison
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA;
| | - K Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Melo C, Vizin RCL, Silva NU, Ishikawa DT, Echeverry MB, Carrettiero DC, Almeida MC. Early maternal separation promotes alterations in the thermoregulatory profile of adult Wistar rats. J Therm Biol 2018; 78:151-160. [PMID: 30509631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stressful lifelong events may influence psychiatric diseases, like depression and anxiety. Interestingly, depressed patients have dysfunction of thermoregulatory cooling mechanisms. Thus, understanding the mechanisms related to the thermoregulatory changes in stress-related pathologies is important to better understand the symptoms and treatments for those diseases. However, the influence of early-life stress on the thermoregulatory profile of adults is unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the thermoregulatory profile of adult male Wistar rats submitted to early-life stress by maternal separation (MS). On postnatal days 2-14, rats were submitted daily to MS for 3 h per day. At 3-4 months of age, anxiety-like behavior was evaluated using the open field test and elevated plus maze, depression-like behavior was evaluated using the forced swim test and thermoregulatory profile were also evaluated. In the behavioral tests, MS animals exhibited anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, and had higher core body temperatures during dark period of the circadian cycle, when compared to controls. In addition, MS animals presented higher hyperthermic and vasoconstriction responses than control animals when exposed to the warmth environment, and engaged in cold-seeking behavior whenever possible to select their preferred ambient temperature. The results suggest that, besides emotional alterations, MS induces a change in the thermoregulatory profile of rats that persists into adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Melo
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - R C L Vizin
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - N U Silva
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - D T Ishikawa
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - M B Echeverry
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil; Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition (CMCC), UFABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - D C Carrettiero
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil; Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - M C Almeida
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil; Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Salma RG, Abu-Naim H, Ahmad O, Akelah D, Salem Y, Midoun E. Vital signs changes during different dental procedures: A prospective longitudinal cross-over clinical trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 127:30-39. [PMID: 30219249 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of vital signs changes during 3 different dental treatments. STUDY DESIGN A prospective longitudinal multiarm cross-over clinical trial was conducted. Three dental procedures were performed on each participant: supragingival scaling, dental restoration under local anesthesia (LA), and exodontia under LA. The following parameters were recorded for in each dental procedure: body temperature (BT), respiratory rate (RR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). Three repeated measurements of each parameter were recorded at 3 phases of each procedure. RESULTS A total of 150 dental interventions were performed on 50 patients. Scaling caused a statistically significant rise in BT, RR, and SpO2, and a reduction in HR. Restorative treatment caused a statistically significant rise in SpO2 during LA. Exodontia caused a statistically significant rise in BT, RR, SBP (during the procedure), and SpO2 (during LA). CONCLUSIONS Scaling and restorative treatment did not significantly impact heart rate. The respiratory rate may temporarily rise during LA injection and some dental procedures, especially exodontia. Increase in systolic blood pressure and heart rate during exodontia was tolerated by healthy patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ra'ed Ghaleb Salma
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Horiyah Abu-Naim
- Teaching Assistant, Arab American University, Jenin, State of Palestine
| | - Osama Ahmad
- General practice, New You Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doa'a Akelah
- General practice, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin Salem
- General practice, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essma Midoun
- General practice, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Filingeri D, Zhang H, Arens EA. Thermosensory micromapping of warm and cold sensitivity across glabrous and hairy skin of male and female hands and feet. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:723-736. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00158.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of hands and feet to convey skin thermal sensations is an important contributor to our experience of the surrounding world. Surprisingly, the detailed topographical distribution of warm and cold thermosensitivity across hands and feet has not been mapped, although sensitivity maps exist for touch and pain. Using a recently developed quantitative sensory test, we mapped warm and cold thermosensitivity of 103 skin sites over glabrous and hairy skin of hands and feet in male (M; 30.2 ± 5.8 yr) and female (F; 27.7 ± 5.1 yr) adults matched for body surface area (M: 1.77 ± 0.2 m2; F: 1.64 ± 0.1 m2; P = 0.155). Findings indicated that warm and cold thermosensitivity varies by fivefold across glabrous and hairy skin of hands and feet and that hands (warm/cold sensitivity: 1.25/2.14 vote/°C) are twice as sensitive as the feet (warm/cold sensitivity: 0.51/0.99 vote/°C). Opposite to what is known for touch and pain sensitivity, we observed a characteristic distal-to-proximal increase in thermosensitivity over both hairy and glabrous skin (i.e., from fingers and toes to body of hands and feet), and found that hairy skin is more sensitive than glabrous. Finally, we show that body surface area-matched men and women presented small differences in thermosensitivity and that these differences are constrained to glabrous skin only. Our high-density thermosensory micromapping provides the most detailed thermosensitivity maps of hands and feet in young adults available to date. These maps offer a window into peripheral and central mechanisms of thermosensory integration in humans and will help guide future developments in smart skin and sensory neuroprostheses, in wearable, energy-efficient personal comfort systems, and in sport and protective clothing. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide the most detailed thermosensitivity maps across glabrous and hairy skin of hands and feet in men and women available to date. Our maps show that thermosensitivity varies by fivefold across hands and feet, distal regions (e.g., fingers, toes) are less sensitive than proximal (e.g., palm, sole), hands are twice as sensitive as feet, and men and women present small thermosensitivity differences. These findings will help guide developments in sensory neuroprostheses, wearable comfort systems, and sport/protective clothing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Filingeri
- THERMOSENSELAB, Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Center for the Built Environment, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Hui Zhang
- Center for the Built Environment, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Edward A. Arens
- Center for the Built Environment, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Zhang J, Liu K, Elmadhoun O, Ji X, Duan Y, Shi J, He X, Liu X, Wu D, Che R, Geng X, Ding Y. Synergistically Induced Hypothermia and Enhanced Neuroprotection by Pharmacological and Physical Approaches in Stroke. Aging Dis 2018; 9:578-589. [PMID: 30090648 PMCID: PMC6065296 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia is considered as a promising neuroprotective treatment for ischemic stroke but with many limitations. To expand its clinical relevance, this study evaluated the combination of physical (ice pad) and pharmacological [transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist, dihydrocapsaicin (DHC)] approaches for faster cooling and stronger neuroprotection. A total of 144 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to 7 groups: sham (n=16), stroke only (n=24), stroke with physical hypothermia at 31ºC for 3 h after the onset of reperfusion (n=24), high-dose DHC (H-DHC)(1.5 mg/kg, n=24), low-dose DHC (L-DHC)(0.5 mg/kg, n=32) with (n=8) or without (n=24) external body temperature control at ~38 ºC (L-DHC, 38 ºC), and combination therapy (L-DHC+ ice pad, n=24). Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h. Infarct volume, neurological deficits and apoptotic cell death were determined at 24 h after reperfusion. Expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins was evaluated by Western blot. ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by biochemical assays at 6 and 24 h after reperfusion. Combination therapy of L-DHC and ice pad significantly improved every measured outcome compared to monotherapies. Combination therapy achieved hypothermia faster by 28.6% than ice pad, 350% than L-DHC and 200% than H-DHC alone. Combination therapy reduced (p<0.05) neurological deficits by 63% vs. 26% with L-DHC. No effect was observed when using ice pad or H-DHC alone. L-DHC and ice pad combination improved brain oxidative metabolism by reducing (p<0.05) ROS at 6 and 24 h after reperfusion and increasing ATP levels by 42.9% compared to 25% elevation with L-DHC alone. Finally, combination therapy decreased apoptotic cell death by 48.5% vs. 24.9% with L-DHC, associated with increased anti-apoptotic protein and reduced pro-apoptotic protein levels (p<0.001). Our study has demonstrated that combining physical and pharmacological hypothermia is a promising therapeutic approach in ischemic stroke, and warrants further translational investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Omar Elmadhoun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxia Duan
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfei Shi
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoduo He
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangrong Liu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiwen Che
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Moretti EH, Ortega Chinchilla JE, Marques FS, Fernandes PAC, Gomes FR. Behavioral fever decreases metabolic response to lipopolysaccharide in yellow Cururu toads (Rhinella icterica). Physiol Behav 2018; 191:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
117
|
de Zambotti M, Trinder J, Silvani A, Colrain IM, Baker FC. Dynamic coupling between the central and autonomic nervous systems during sleep: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:84-103. [PMID: 29608990 PMCID: PMC5993613 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is characterized by coordinated cortical and cardiac oscillations reflecting communication between the central (CNS) and autonomic (ANS) nervous systems. Here, we review fluctuations in ANS activity in association with CNS-defined sleep stages and cycles, and with phasic cortical events during sleep (e.g., arousals, K-complexes). Recent novel analytic methods reveal a dynamic organization of integrated physiological networks during sleep and indicate how multiple factors (e.g., sleep structure, age, sleep disorders) affect "CNS-ANS coupling". However, these data are mostly correlational and there is a lack of clarity of the underlying physiology, making it challenging to interpret causality and direction of coupling. Experimental manipulations (e.g., evoking K-complexes or arousals) provide information on the precise temporal sequence of cortical-cardiac activity, and are useful for investigating physiological pathways underlying CNS-ANS coupling. With the emergence of new analytical approaches and a renewed interest in ANS and CNS communication during sleep, future work may reveal novel insights into sleep and cardiovascular interactions during health and disease, in which coupling could be adversely impacted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Trinder
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Alessandro Silvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ian M Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Pires W, Veneroso CE, Wanner SP, Pacheco DAS, Vaz GC, Amorim FT, Tonoli C, Soares DD, Coimbra CC. Association Between Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia and Intestinal Permeability: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2018; 47:1389-1403. [PMID: 27943148 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged and strenuous physical exercise increases intestinal permeability, allowing luminal endotoxins to translocate through the intestinal barrier and reach the bloodstream. When recognized by the immune system, these endotoxins trigger a systemic inflammatory response that may affect physical performance and, in severe cases, induce heat stroke. However, it remains to be elucidated whether there is a relationship between the magnitude of exercise-induced hyperthermia and changes in intestinal permeability. OBJECTIVE In this systematic review, we evaluated whether an exercise-induced increase in core body temperature (T Core) is associated with an exercise-induced increase in intestinal permeability. METHODS The present systematic review screened the MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science databases in September 2016, without any date restrictions. Sixteen studies that were performed in healthy participants, presented original data, and measured both the exercise-induced changes in T Core and intestinal permeability were selected. These studies assessed intestinal permeability through the measurement of sugar levels in the urine and measurement of intestinal fatty acid binding protein or lipopolysaccharide levels in the blood. RESULTS Exercise increased both T Core and intestinal permeability in most of the 16 studies. In addition, a positive and strong correlation was observed between the two parameters (r = 0.793; p < 0.001), and a T Core exceeding 39 °C was always associated with augmented permeability. CONCLUSION The magnitude of exercise-induced hyperthermia is directly associated with the increase in intestinal permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Washington Pires
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627 Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Christiano E Veneroso
- Graduate Program in Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- Graduate Program in Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diogo A S Pacheco
- Graduate Program in Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gisele C Vaz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627 Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fabiano T Amorim
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Health, Exercise Science and Sport, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Cajsa Tonoli
- Department of Human Physiology and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Danusa D Soares
- Graduate Program in Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cândido C Coimbra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627 Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Mohammed M, Madden CJ, Burchiel KJ, Morrison SF. Preoptic area cooling increases the sympathetic outflow to brown adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R609-R618. [PMID: 29897823 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00113.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Modest cold exposures are likely to activate autonomic thermogenic mechanisms due to activation of cutaneous thermal afferents, whereas central thermosensitive neurons set the background tone on which this afferent input is effective. In addition, more prolonged or severe cold exposures that overwhelm cold defense mechanisms would directly activate thermosensitive neurons within the central nervous system. Here, we examined the involvement of the canonical brown adipose tissue (BAT) sympathoexcitatory efferent pathway in the response to direct local cooling of the preoptic area (POA) in urethane-chloralose-anesthetized rats. With skin temperature and core body temperature maintained between 36 and 39°C, cooling POA temperature by ~1-4°C evoked increases in BAT sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), BAT temperature, expired CO2, and heart rate. POA cooling-evoked responses were inhibited by nanoinjections of ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists or the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol into the median POA or by nanoinjections of ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists into the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (bilaterally) or into the raphe pallidus nucleus. These results demonstrate that direct cooling of the POA can increase BAT SNA and thermogenesis via the canonical BAT sympathoexcitatory efferent pathway, even in the face of warm thermal input from the skin and body core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazher Mohammed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Christopher J Madden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Kim J Burchiel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Shaun F Morrison
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Vanos JK, Middel A, Poletti MN, Selover NJ. Evaluating the impact of solar radiation on pediatric heat balance within enclosed, hot vehicles. Temperature (Austin) 2018; 5:276-292. [PMID: 30377643 PMCID: PMC6204985 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2018.1468205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric deaths due to children being left in hot cars remain a significant yet preventable public health concern. The current study aims to demonstrate the influence of vehicle type, time of day, and solar exposure (sun or shade) on the energy balance and core temperature (Tc) of a hypothetical two-year old boy left in a vehicle on a hot day. Cabin temperatures and relative humidity were collected within six enclosed vehicles under sun or full shade in Tempe, Arizona. These variables and radiation estimates were used to estimate the human energy balance and final Tc across 76 measurement cycles lasting approximately 60minutes. Interior temperatures averaged 39.5°C and 47.6°C in the shade and sun, respectively, at steady-state. Based on the specific heat of a human body, the average Tc after 60 minutes in shaded or sun-exposed vehicles was estimated to reach 38.2±0.29°C and 39.1±0.41°C, respectively, with a significantly higher final Tc in sun-exposed vehicles across all days and in the shaded minivan. Extrapolation to 2 hours is estimated to result in heat injury in the sun. Results demonstrate the influence of radiation on a child's thermal balance in a hot and dry environment. In real-world situations, it is critical to acknowledge variability between children, the starting car environment, and climate (e.g., humid versus dry), and that a child left in any vehicle car can experience potentially lethal core temperatures if forgotten, as shown by vehicular heat stroke statistics. Findings may improve public messaging and reinforce the need for policy action and technological adoption to prevent injury and death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Vanos
- Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ariane Middel
- Department of Geography and Urban Studies, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.,School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Michelle N Poletti
- Department of Engineering and Computing, Civil Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Nancy J Selover
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Petitjeans F, Leroy S, Pichot C, Geloen A, Ghignone M, Quintin L. Hypothesis: Fever control, a niche for alpha-2 agonists in the setting of septic shock and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome? Temperature (Austin) 2018; 5:224-256. [PMID: 30393754 PMCID: PMC6209424 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2018.1453771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During severe septic shock and/or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients present with a limited cardio-ventilatory reserve (low cardiac output and blood pressure, low mixed venous saturation, increased lactate, low PaO2/FiO2 ratio, etc.), especially when elderly patients or co-morbidities are considered. Rescue therapies (low dose steroids, adding vasopressin to noradrenaline, proning, almitrine, NO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, etc.) are complex. Fever, above 38.5-39.5°C, increases both the ventilatory (high respiratory drive: large tidal volume, high respiratory rate) and the metabolic (increased O2 consumption) demands, further limiting the cardio-ventilatory reserve. Some data (case reports, uncontrolled trial, small randomized prospective trials) suggest that control of elevated body temperature ("fever control") leading to normothermia (35.5-37°C) will lower both the ventilatory and metabolic demands: fever control should simplify critical care management when limited cardio-ventilatory reserve is at stake. Usually fever control is generated by a combination of general anesthesia ("analgo-sedation", light total intravenous anesthesia), antipyretics and cooling. However general anesthesia suppresses spontaneous ventilation, making the management more complex. At variance, alpha-2 agonists (clonidine, dexmedetomidine) administered immediately following tracheal intubation and controlled mandatory ventilation, with prior optimization of volemia and atrio-ventricular conduction, will reduce metabolic demand and facilitate normothermia. Furthermore, after a rigorous control of systemic acidosis, alpha-2 agonists will allow for accelerated emergence without delirium, early spontaneous ventilation, improved cardiac output and micro-circulation, lowered vasopressor requirements and inflammation. Rigorous prospective randomized trials are needed in subsets of patients with a high fever and spiraling toward refractory septic shock and/or presenting with severe ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Petitjeans
- Critical Care, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Desgenettes, Lyon, France
| | - S. Leroy
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Hôpital Avicenne, Paris-Bobigny, France
| | - C. Pichot
- Critical Care, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Desgenettes, Lyon, France
| | - A. Geloen
- Physiology, INSA de Lyon (CARMeN, INSERM U 1060), Lyon-Villeurbanne, France
| | - M. Ghignone
- Critical Care, JF Kennedy Hospital North Campus, WPalm Beach, Fl, USA
| | - L. Quintin
- Critical Care, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Desgenettes, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Muzik O, Reilly KT, Diwadkar VA. “Brain over body”–A study on the willful regulation of autonomic function during cold exposure. Neuroimage 2018; 172:632-641. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
123
|
Señarís R, Ordás P, Reimúndez A, Viana F. Mammalian cold TRP channels: impact on thermoregulation and energy homeostasis. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:761-777. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
124
|
Concentration-related metabolic rate and behavioral thermoregulatory adaptations to serial administrations of nitrous oxide in rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194794. [PMID: 29672605 PMCID: PMC5909668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Initial administration of ≥60% nitrous oxide (N2O) to rats evokes hypothermia, but after repeated administrations the gas instead evokes hyperthermia. This sign reversal is driven mainly by increased heat production. To determine whether rats will behaviorally oppose or assist the development of hyperthermia, we previously performed thermal gradient testing. Inhalation of N2O at ≥60% causes rats to select cooler ambient temperatures both during initial administrations and during subsequent administrations in which the hyperthermic state exists. Thus, an available behavioral response opposes (but does not completely prevent) the acquired hyperthermia that develops over repeated high-concentration N2O administrations. However, recreational and clinical uses of N2O span a wide range of concentrations. Therefore, we sought to determine the thermoregulatory adaptations to chronic N2O administration over a wide range of concentrations. Methods This study had two phases. In the first phase we adapted rats to twelve 3-h N2O administrations at either 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% or 75% N2O (n = 12 per group); outcomes were core temperature (via telemetry) and heat production (via respirometry). In the second phase, we used a thermal gradient (range 8°C—38°C) to assess each adapted group’s thermal preference, core temperature and locomotion on a single occasion during N2O inhalation at the assigned concentration. Results In phase 1, repeated N2O administrations led to dose related hyperthermic and hypermetabolic states during inhalation of ≥45% N2O compared to controls (≥ 30% N2O compared to baseline). In phase 2, rats in these groups selected cooler ambient temperatures during N2O inhalation but still developed some hyperthermia. However, a concentration-related increase of locomotion was evident in the gradient, and theoretical calculations and regression analyses both suggest that locomotion contributed to the residual hyperthermia. Conclusions Acquired N2O hyperthermia in rats is remarkably robust, and occurs even despite the availability of ambient temperatures that might fully counter the hyperthermia. Increased locomotion in the gradient may contribute to hyperthermia. Our data are consistent with an allostatic dis-coordination of autonomic and behavioral thermoregulatory mechanisms during drug administration. Our results have implications for research on N2O abuse as well as research on the role of allostasis in drug addiction.
Collapse
|
125
|
Han W, Qian S, Jiang Q, Liu K, Li B, Sun G. Regional and long-range neural synchronization abnormality during passive hyperthermia. Behav Brain Res 2018; 341:9-15. [PMID: 29247749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Passive hyperthermia would impair wide-domain cognitive performances (e.g. attention, working memory), which may involve abnormal regional and long-range neural activity. Combining the regional homogeneity (ReHo) and seed-based functional connectivity analysis, this study investigated the regional and long-range neural synchronization abnormality during passive hyperthermia. We acquired the resting-state blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) data from twenty-three healthy male participants in two simulated thermal conditions: normothermic condition (NC) with temperature at 25°C for 1 h and hyperthermic condition (HC) with temperature at 50°C for 1 h. After scanning, participants were asked to perform an attention network test (ANT). Relative to NC participants, the participants in HC group exhibited decreased regional neural synchronization in the frontal-occipital cortex, specifically in the left opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus/insula, bilateral middle occipital gyrus, and posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, but increased one in the left dorsal superior/middle frontal gyrus. Using these significantly differed ReHo clusters as seeds, we further performed functional connectivity analysis and found aberrant long-range neural synchronization in the orbital medial frontal cortex, temporal-parietal junction areas. Further neurobehavioral correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation between the regional ReHo alteration in left dorsolateral superior/middle frontal gyrus and executive control effect. Additionally, the functional connectivity of the orbital medial frontal cortex with the seeds "left superior/middle frontal gyrus" and "posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus" were negatively correlated with the increase of rectal temperature. In current study, the participants showed hyperthermia-induced brain activity disruptions, appearing as altered local ReHo and long-range functional connectivity, which might help understand the relationship between neuronal and circuit activities and physiological thermal sensation and regulation as well as behavioral changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of Scientific Research and Training, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowen Qian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjun Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Toledano M, Weinshenker BG, Kaufmann TJ, Parisi JE, Paz Soldán MM. Demographics and clinical characteristics of episodic hypothermia in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2018; 25:709-714. [PMID: 29570004 DOI: 10.1177/1352458518767045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Episodic hypothermia (EH) can occur in multiple sclerosis (MS). The putative mechanism is impairment of thermoregulation due to a presumed demyelinating hypothalamic lesion. OBJECTIVE To describe a cohort of patients with MS, who developed EH. METHODS Patients were identified through review of the Mayo Clinic electronic medical record (1996 to July 2015). Search terms were [multiple sclerosis] or [MS] within the diagnoses field and [hypothermia] within any field. We reviewed records for accuracy of diagnoses and abstracted relevant data. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was reviewed for presence of hypothalamic lesions. RESULTS Of 156 patients, 34 had concurrent MS and hypothermia. Thirty-two (94%) had progressive disease at EH onset. Median MS duration was 19.9 years, and median expanded disability status scale (EDSS) was 8.0. Most patients presented with alterations in consciousness. Infection was suspected as the precipitating factor in 19 (56%), but clinically/laboratory supported in only 9 (28%). MRI lesions were evident within the hypothalamus in only 4 (14%). CONCLUSION EH occurs predominantly in patients with advanced secondary progressive MS. The major manifestation is altered consciousness. Infection is often suspected as causal, but infrequently confirmed. Although commonly implicated, hypothalamic lesions were rarely evident on MRI and were absent in two post-mortem evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA/Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
127
|
Tang Y, Sun Y, Xu R, Huang X, Gu S, Hong C, Liu M, Jiang H, Yang Y, Shi J. Arginine vasopressin differentially modulates
GABA
ergic synaptic transmission onto temperature‐sensitive and temperature‐insensitive neurons in the rat preoptic area. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:866-886. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
- Key Laboratory of Thermoregulatory and Inflammation of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
- Department of Physiology Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yan‐Ni Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Run Xu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Public Health Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Shuang Gu
- Department of Public Health Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Cheng‐Cheng Hong
- Department of Public Health Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Mi‐Jia Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yong‐Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Thermoregulatory and Inflammation of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Kingma BRM. The orchestration of autonomous and behavioral thermoregulation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R145-R146. [PMID: 29118023 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00387.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris R M Kingma
- TNO, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Unit Defense, Safety & Security, Soesterberg , The Netherlands.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Coon EA, Cutsforth-Gregory JK, Benarroch EE. Neuropathology of autonomic dysfunction in synucleinopathies. Mov Disord 2018; 33:349-358. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
130
|
Davis SL, Jay O, Wilson TE. Thermoregulatory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 157:701-714. [PMID: 30459034 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64074-1.00042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurologic disorder that disrupts axonal myelin in the central nervous system. Demyelination produces alterations in saltatory conduction, slowed conduction velocity, and a predisposition to conduction block. An estimated 60-80% of MS patients experience temporary worsening of clinical signs and neurologic symptoms with heat exposure (Uhthoff's phenomenon). This heat intolerance in MS is related to the detrimental effects of increased temperature on action potential propagation in demyelinated axons, resulting in conduction slowing and/or block. Additionally, MS may produce impaired neural control of autonomic and endocrine functions. Isolating and interpreting mechanisms responsible for autonomic dysfunction due to MS can be difficult as it may involve sensory impairments, altered neural integration within the central nervous system, impaired effector responses, or combinations of all of these factors. MS lesions occur in areas of the brain responsible for the control and regulation of body temperature and thermoregulatory effector responses, resulting in impaired neural control of sudomotor pathways or neural-induced changes in eccrine sweat glands, as evidenced by observations of reduced sweating responses in MS patients. Although not comprehensive, some evidence exists concerning treatments (cooling, precooling, and pharmacologic) for the MS patient to preserve function and decrease symptom worsening during heat stress. This review focuses on four main themes influencing current understanding of thermoregulatory dysfunction in MS: (1) heat intolerance; (2) central regulation of body temperature; (3) thermoregulatory effector responses; and (4) countermeasures to improve or maintain function during thermal stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Davis
- Department of Applied Physiology and Wellness, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Ollie Jay
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thad E Wilson
- Biomedical Sciences, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Abstract
The processes of thermoregulation are roughly divided into two categories: autonomic and behavioral. Behavioral thermoregulation alone does not have the capacity to regulate core temperature, as autonomic thermoregulation. However, behavioral thermoregulation is often utilized to maintain core temperature in a normal environment and is critical for surviving extreme environments. Thermal comfort, i.e., the hedonic component of thermal perception, is believed to be important for initiating and/or activating behavioral thermoregulation. However, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Thermal comfort is usually obtained when thermal stimuli to the skin restore core temperature to a regulated level. Conversely, thermal discomfort is produced when thermal stimuli result in deviations of core temperature away from a regulated level. Regional differences in the thermal sensitivity of the skin, hypohydration, and adaptation of the skin may affect thermal perception. Thermal comfort and discomfort seem to be determined by brain mechanisms, not by peripheral mechanisms such as thermal sensing by the skin. The insular and cingulate cortices may play a role in assessing thermal comfort and discomfort. In addition, brain sites involved in decision making may trigger behavioral responses to environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nagashima
- Body Temperature and Fluid Laboratory, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Ken Tokizawa
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuri Marui
- Body Temperature and Fluid Laboratory, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Abstract
Selective brain hypothermia is a powerful concept for neuroprotection that has been successfully investigated in a variety of animal models of global and focal ischemia. Its major advantages over systemic hypothermia include rapid induction of cooling, ability to achieve profound target brain temperatures, organ-selective cooling, and temperature control. Clinical systems and devices are available or are currently under development that utilize conductive (surface-cooling pads, closed-loop catheters), convective (transnasal coolant delivery), or mass and energy transport (cold intra-arterial infusion) methods to achieve and maintain selective brain hypothermia. The "ideal" brain-cooling system that is characterized by rapid cooling to profound hypothermia, its ability to maintain selective cooling over several days, and is noninvasive in nature, remains unrealistic. Instead, systems may be identified by their distinct advantages to meet a specific need in the care of a patient. This involves the consideration of the timing of ischemic injury (preischemic, intraischemic, postischemic), extent of ischemic damage (excitotoxicity, inflammation, necrosis, edema), and type and setting of therapeutic intervention (intensive care, interventional therapy, surgery). The successful translation of these systems into clinical practice will depend on smart engineering, safety and efficacy, and usability in current clinical work flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae H Choi
- Neurological Surgery PC, Lake Success, NY, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
Abstract
The major symptoms of motion sickness are well known and include facial pallor, nausea and vomiting, and sweating, but it is poorly recognized that they actually reflect severely perturbed thermoregulation. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to present and discuss existing data related to this subject. While hypothermia during seasickness was first noted nearly 150 years ago, detailed studies of this phenomenon were conducted only during the last two decades. Our own research confirmed that motion sickness-induced hypothermia is quite broadly expressed phylogenetically as, besides humans, it could be provoked in several other animals (rats, musk shrews, and mice). Evidence from human and animal experiments indicates that the physiologic mechanisms responsible for the motion sickness-induced hypothermia include cutaneous vasodilation and sweating (leading to an increase of heat loss) and reduced thermogenesis. Together, these results suggest that motion sickness triggers a highly coordinated physiologic response aiming to reduce body temperature. The chapter is concluded by presenting hypotheses of how and why motion sickness evokes this hypothermic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Nalivaiko
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Coon EA, Low PA. Thermoregulation in Parkinson disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 157:715-725. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64074-1.00043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
135
|
Blessing WW. Thermoregulation and the ultradian basic rest–activity cycle. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 156:367-375. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63912-7.00022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
136
|
Blondin DP, Haman F. Shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscles. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 156:153-173. [PMID: 30454588 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63912-7.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Humans have inherited complex neural circuits which drive behavioral, somatic, and autonomic thermoregulatory responses to defend their body temperature. While they are well adapted to dissipate heat in warm climates, they have a reduced capacity to preserve it in cold environments. Consequently, heat production is critical to defending their core temperature. As in other large mammals, skeletal muscles are the primary source of heat production recruited in cold-exposed humans. This is achieved voluntarily in the form of contractions from exercising muscles or involuntarily in the form of contractions from shivering muscles and the recruitment of nonshivering mechanisms. This review describes our current understanding of shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscles, from the neural circuitry driving their recruitment to the metabolic substrates that fuel them. The presence of these heat-producing mechanisms can be measured in vivo by combining indirect respiratory calorimetry with electromyography or biomedical imaging modalities. Indeed, much of what is known regarding shivering in humans and other animal models stems from studies performed using these methods combined with in situ and in vivo neurologic techniques. More recent investigations have focused on understanding the metabolic processes that produce the heat from both contracting and noncontracting mechanisms. With the growing interest in the potential therapeutic benefits of shivering and nonshivering skeletal muscle to counter the effects of neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases, we expect this field to continue its growth in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis P Blondin
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
| | - François Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Morrison SF. Efferent neural pathways for the control of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and shivering. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 156:281-303. [PMID: 30454595 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63912-7.00017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental central neural circuits for thermoregulation orchestrate behavioral and autonomic repertoires that maintain body core temperature during thermal challenges that arise from either the ambient or the internal environment. This review summarizes our understanding of the neural pathways within the fundamental thermoregulatory reflex circuitry that comprise the efferent (i.e., beyond thermosensory) control of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and shivering thermogenesis: the motor neuron systems consisting of the BAT sympathetic preganglionic neurons and BAT sympathetic ganglion cells, and the alpha- and gamma-motoneurons; the premotor neurons in the region of the rostral raphe pallidus, and the thermogenesis-promoting neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus/dorsal hypothalamic area. Also included are inputs to, and neurochemical modulators of, these efferent neuronal populations that could influence their activity during thermoregulatory responses. Signals of metabolic status can be particularly significant for the energy-hungry thermoeffectors for heat production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun F Morrison
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Abstract
Classic lesion and physiology experiments identified the hypothalamic preoptic area as a pivotal region in the regulation of temperature homeostasis. The preoptic area can sense changes in local temperature, receives information about ambient temperature, contributes to fever, and can affect thermoregulation in response to several biologic signals. Electrophysiologic studies indicate that these actions are mediated by a neuronal circuitry that comprises temperature-sensitive as well as temperature-insensitive neurons. Little is known on the molecules that may be required for central thermosensation and much of the efforts towards their identification was done for warm-sensitive neurons. Here we summarize the current knowledge on the subject as well as what the search for these molecules revealed about warm-sensitive neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Conti
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Abstract
The sensation of pain plays a vital protecting role, alerting organisms about potentially damaging stimuli. Tissue injury is detected by nerve endings of specialized peripheral sensory neurons called nociceptors that are equipped with different ion channels activated by thermal, mechanic, and chemical stimuli. Several transient receptor potential channels have been identified as molecular transducers of thermal stimuli in pain-sensing neurons. Skin injury or inflammation leads to increased sensitivity to thermal and mechanic stimuli, clinically defined as allodynia or hyperalgesia. This hypersensitivity is also characteristic of systemic inflammatory disorders and neuropathic pain conditions. Mechanisms of thermal hyperalgesia include peripheral sensitization of nociceptor afferents and maladaptive changes in pain-encoding neurons within the central nervous system. An important aspect of pain management involves attempts to minimize the development of nociceptor hypersensitivity. However, knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms causing thermal hyperalgesia and allodynia in human subjects is still limited, and such knowledge would be an essential step for the development of more effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Viana
- Alicante Institute of Neurosciences, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Direct exposure to mild heat promotes proliferation and neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190356. [PMID: 29287093 PMCID: PMC5747471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat acclimation in rats is associated with enhanced neurogenesis in thermoregulatory centers of the hypothalamus. To elucidate the mechanisms for heat acclimation, we investigated the effects of direct mild heat exposure on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs). The NSCs/NPCs isolated from forebrain cortices of 14.5-day-old rat fetuses were propagated as neurospheres at either 37.0°C (control) or 38.5°C (mild heat exposure) for four days, and the effects on proliferation were investigated by MTS cell viability assay, measurement of neurosphere diameter, and counting the total number of cells. The mRNA expressions of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein and Akt phosphorylation levels, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed using real time PCR, Western blotting and CM-H2DCFDA assay respectively. Heat exposure under proliferation condition increased NSC/NPC viability, neurosphere diameter, and cell count. BDNF mRNA expression, CREB phosphorylation, and ROS level were also increased by heat exposure. Heat exposure increased HSP27 mRNA expression concomitant with enhanced p-Akt level. Moreover, treatment with LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) abolished the effects of heat exposure on NSC/NPC proliferation. Furthermore, heat exposure under differentiation conditions increased the proportion of cells positive for Tuj1 (a neuronal marker). These findings suggest that mild heat exposure increases NSC/NPC proliferation, possibly through activation of the Akt pathway, and also enhances neuronal differentiation. Direct effects of temperature on NSCs/NPCs may be one of the mechanisms involved in hypothalamic neurogenesis in heat-acclimated rats. Such heat-induced neurogenesis could also be an effective therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
141
|
Vizin RCL, Motzko-Soares ACP, Armentano GM, Ishikawa DT, Cruz-Neto AP, Carrettiero DC, Almeida MC. Short-term menthol treatment promotes persistent thermogenesis without induction of compensatory food consumption in Wistar rats: implications for obesity control. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 124:672-683. [PMID: 29357504 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00770.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of daily repeated menthol treatments on body mass and thermoregulatory effectors in Wistar rats, considering that menthol is a transient receptor potential melastatin 8 channel agonist that mimics cold sensation and activates thermoregulatory cold-defense mechanisms in mammals, promoting hyperthermia and increasing energy expenditure, and has been suggested as an anti-obesity drug. Male Wistar rats were topically treated with 5% menthol for 3 or 9 consecutive days while body mass, food intake, abdominal temperature, metabolism, cutaneous vasoconstriction, and thermal preference were measured. Menthol promoted hyperthermia on all days of treatment, due to an increase in metabolism and cutaneous vasoconstriction, without affecting food intake, resulting in less mass gain in menthol-hyperthermic animals. As the treatment progressed, the menthol-induced increases in metabolism and hyperthermia were attenuated but not abolished. Moreover, cutaneous vasoconstriction was potentiated, and an increase in the warmth-seeking behavior was induced. Taken together, the results suggest that, although changes occur in thermoeffector recruitment during the course of short-term treatment, menthol is a promising drug to prevent body mass gain. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Menthol produces a persistent increase in energy expenditure, with limited compensatory thermoregulatory adaptations and, most unexpectedly, without affecting food intake. Thus short-term treatment with menthol results in less mass gain in treated animals compared with controls. Our results suggest that menthol is a promising drug for the prevention of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robson Cristiano Lillo Vizin
- Graduate Program on Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina P Motzko-Soares
- Graduate Program on Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Giovana Marchini Armentano
- Natural and Humanities Science Center, Universidade Federal do ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Débora T Ishikawa
- Graduate Program on Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ariovaldo P Cruz-Neto
- Department of Zoology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Daniel Carneiro Carrettiero
- Graduate Program on Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil.,Natural and Humanities Science Center, Universidade Federal do ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Maria Camila Almeida
- Graduate Program on Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil.,Natural and Humanities Science Center, Universidade Federal do ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Kunstetter AC, Barbosa NHS, Moraes MM, Pinto VA, Soares DD, Pires W, Wanner SP. Pre-exercise exposure to the treadmill setup changes the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses induced by subsequent treadmill running in rats. Temperature (Austin) 2017; 5:109-122. [PMID: 30377632 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2017.1388343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Different methodological approaches have been used to conduct experiments with rats subjected to treadmill running. Some experimenters have exposed rats to the treadmill setup before initiating exercise to minimize the influences of handling and being placed in an anxiety-inducing environment on the physiological responses to subsequent running. Other experimenters have subjected rats to exercise immediately after placing them on the treadmill. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-exercise exposure to the treadmill on physical performance and cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses during subsequent exercise. Male Wistar rats were subjected to fatiguing incremental-speed exercise at 24°C immediately after being placed on the treadmill or after being exposed to the treadmill for 70 min following removal from their home cages. Core body temperature (TCORE), tail-skin temperature (TSKIN), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded throughout the experiments. Rats exposed to the treadmill started exercise with higher TCORE, lower HR and MAP, and unaltered TSKIN. This exposure did not influence performance, but it markedly affected the exercise-induced increases in the four physiological parameters evaluated; for example, the TSKIN increased earlier and at a higher TCORE. Moreover, previous treadmill exposure notably allowed expected exercise-induced changes in cardiovascular parameters to be observed. Collectively, these data indicate that pre-exercise exposure to the treadmill induces important effects on physiological responses during subsequent treadmill running. The present data are particularly relevant for researchers planning experiments involving physical exercise and the recording of physiological parameters in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Kunstetter
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Nicolas H S Barbosa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Michele M Moraes
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Valéria A Pinto
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Danusa D Soares
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Washington Pires
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares (MG), Brazil
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Stahn AC, Werner A, Opatz O, Maggioni MA, Steinach M, von Ahlefeld VW, Moore A, Crucian BE, Smith SM, Zwart SR, Schlabs T, Mendt S, Trippel T, Koralewski E, Koch J, Choukèr A, Reitz G, Shang P, Röcker L, Kirsch KA, Gunga HC. Increased core body temperature in astronauts during long-duration space missions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16180. [PMID: 29170507 PMCID: PMC5701078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans’ core body temperature (CBT) is strictly controlled within a narrow range. Various studies dealt with the impact of physical activity, clothing, and environmental factors on CBT regulation under terrestrial conditions. However, the effects of weightlessness on human thermoregulation are not well understood. Specifically, studies, investigating the effects of long-duration spaceflight on CBT at rest and during exercise are clearly lacking. We here show that during exercise CBT rises higher and faster in space than on Earth. Moreover, we observed for the first time a sustained increased astronauts’ CBT also under resting conditions. This increase of about 1 °C developed gradually over 2.5 months and was associated with augmented concentrations of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, a key anti-inflammatory protein. Since even minor increases in CBT can impair physical and cognitive performance, both findings have a considerable impact on astronauts’ health and well-being during future long-term spaceflights. Moreover, our findings also pinpoint crucial physiological challenges for spacefaring civilizations, and raise questions about the assumption of a thermoregulatory set point in humans, and our evolutionary ability to adapt to climate changes on Earth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Stahn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, CharitéCrossOver (CCO), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.,Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 1019 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6021, USA
| | - Andreas Werner
- German Air Force, Centre of Aerospace Medicine, Aviation Physiology Training Centre, Aviation Physiology Diagnostics and Science, Steinborner Str. 43, 01936, Königsbrück, Germany
| | - Oliver Opatz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, CharitéCrossOver (CCO), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Martina A Maggioni
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, CharitéCrossOver (CCO), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mathias Steinach
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, CharitéCrossOver (CCO), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Victoria Weller von Ahlefeld
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, CharitéCrossOver (CCO), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Alan Moore
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, 77710, USA
| | - Brian E Crucian
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
| | - Scott M Smith
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
| | - Sara R Zwart
- Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Thomas Schlabs
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, CharitéCrossOver (CCO), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Stefan Mendt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, CharitéCrossOver (CCO), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Tobias Trippel
- Charité Medizinische Klinik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Kardiologie, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Eberhard Koralewski
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, CharitéCrossOver (CCO), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Jochim Koch
- Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA, Moislinger Allee 53-55, Lubeck, 23558, Germany
| | - Alexander Choukèr
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, München, 81377, Germany
| | - Günther Reitz
- DLR, Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin, Abteilung Strahlenbiologie, Linder Höhe, Köln, 51147, Germany.,Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Na Truhlářce 39/64, Praha 8, 180 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peng Shang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environnments Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Lothar Röcker
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, CharitéCrossOver (CCO), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Karl A Kirsch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, CharitéCrossOver (CCO), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Hanns-Christian Gunga
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, CharitéCrossOver (CCO), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Muzik O, Diwadkar VA. Regulation of Brown Adipose Tissue Activity by Interoceptive CNS Pathways: The interaction between Brain and Periphery. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:640. [PMID: 29200996 PMCID: PMC5696740 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain thermal homeostasis, specific thermogenic tissues are under the control of central thermoregulatory networks that regulate the body's response to thermal challenges. One of these mechanisms involves non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is activated in cold environments in order to defend the body against physical damage as a result of hypothermia. The objective of our study was to assess the interaction between CNS thermoregulatory pathways and sympathetic innervation in BAT during a cold exposure paradigm. Our results show that an innocuous whole-body cooling paradigm induces significant differences in fMRI BOLD signal at the location of the right anterior insula and the red nucleus/substantia nigra region, between lean subjects with high levels of sympathetic innervation in supraclavicular BAT (BAT+ group), and subjects with low levels of sympathetic innervation (BAT− group). Specifically, results indicate significantly larger fMRI BOLD signal changes between periods of cooling and warming of the skin in the BAT+ (as compared to BAT−) group at the location of the right anterior insula. In contrast, the BAT+ group showed significantly smaller fMRI BOLD signal changes in the midbrain between periods of skin cooling and warming. Our findings are consistent with a hierarchical thermoregulatory control system that involves the initiation of inhibitory signals from the right anterior insula toward midbrain areas that normally exert tonic inhibition on the medullary raphe, from where BAT is directly innervated. Our data suggests that exposure to cold elicits differential neuronal activity in interoceptive regulatory centers of subjects with high and low level of sympathetic innervation. As a result, the variability of cold-activated BAT mass observed in humans might be, in part, yoked to different sensitivities of interoceptive cortical brain areas to skin temperature changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otto Muzik
- Departments of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Zheng X, Takatsu S, Ishikawa R, Hasegawa H. Moderate intensity, exercise-induced catecholamine release in the preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus in rats is enhanced in a warm environment. J Therm Biol 2017; 71:123-127. [PMID: 29301680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thermoeffector responses and core body temperature (Tcore) homeostasis during exercise are affected by both ambient temperature and exercise intensity. We have previously reported that Tcore, heat loss responses, and catecholamine release in the preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH) increased during incremental treadmill running. However, no previous study has examined whether changes in the thermoregulatory responses at warm ambient temperature are related to catecholamine responses during moderate intensity exercise in rats. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the responsiveness of neurotransmission in the PO/AH to moderate intensity exercise at different ambient temperatures, and to relate this to changes in thermoregulation. We measured the monoamine levels in the PO/AH and the thermoregulatory responses in exercising rats simultaneously using a combination of methods, including in vivo microdialysis, biotelemetry, and animal O2/CO2 metabolism measuring system. On the day of experiments, rats ran for 60min at a speed of 18mmin-1 on a treadmill at a 5% gradient, in an ambient temperature of 23°C or 30°C. Tcore, tail skin temperature (Ttail; an index of heat loss), and oxygen consumption (V̇O2: an index of heat production) were monitored. Dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), and serotonin (5-HT) levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Exercise significantly increased the Tcore, Ttail, and V̇O2 values, as well as DA and NA release in the PO/AH at both temperatures, and the increases were more pronounced at the warm ambient temperature. The results suggest that the increase in the Tcore, heat production, and heat loss responses even during moderate intensity running in a warm environment are likely associated with an increase in DA and NA release in the PO/AH region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zheng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Yangpu, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Satomi Takatsu
- Graduate School of Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Ekhart D, Wicht H, Kersken T, Ackermann H, Kaczmarczyk M, Pretzsch G, Alexander H, Korf HW. Dynamics of core body temperature cycles in long-term measurements under real life conditions in women. Chronobiol Int 2017; 35:8-23. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1375942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Ekhart
- Dr. Senckenbergisches Chronomedizinisches Institut, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - H Wicht
- Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - H Ackermann
- Institut für Biostatistik und mathematische Modellierung, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Kaczmarczyk
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - G Pretzsch
- Universitätsfrauenklinik Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - H Alexander
- Universitätsfrauenklinik Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - HW Korf
- Dr. Senckenbergisches Chronomedizinisches Institut, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Cordeiro LMS, Rabelo PCR, Moraes MM, Teixeira-Coelho F, Coimbra CC, Wanner SP, Soares DD. Physical exercise-induced fatigue: the role of serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6432. [PMID: 29069229 PMCID: PMC5649871 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain serotonin and dopamine are neurotransmitters related to fatigue, a feeling that leads to reduced intensity or interruption of physical exercises, thereby regulating performance. The present review aims to present advances on the understanding of fatigue, which has recently been proposed as a defense mechanism instead of a “physiological failure” in the context of prolonged (aerobic) exercises. We also present recent advances on the association between serotonin, dopamine and fatigue. Experiments with rodents, which allow direct manipulation of brain serotonin and dopamine during exercise, clearly indicate that increased serotoninergic activity reduces performance, while increased dopaminergic activity is associated with increased performance. Nevertheless, experiments with humans, particularly those involving nutritional supplementation or pharmacological manipulations, have yielded conflicting results on the relationship between serotonin, dopamine and fatigue. The only clear and reproducible effect observed in humans is increased performance in hot environments after treatment with inhibitors of dopamine reuptake. Because the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems interact with each other, the serotonin-to-dopamine ratio seems to be more relevant for determining fatigue than analyzing or manipulating only one of the two transmitters. Finally, physical training protocols induce neuroplasticity, thus modulating the action of these neurotransmitters in order to improve physical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M S Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - P C R Rabelo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - M M Moraes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - F Teixeira-Coelho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Centro de Formação de Professores, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Amargosa, BA, Brasil
| | - C C Coimbra
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - S P Wanner
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - D D Soares
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Schlader ZJ, Sackett JR, Sarker S, Johnson BD. Orderly recruitment of thermoeffectors in resting humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R171-R180. [PMID: 29021192 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00324.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The recruitment of thermoeffectors, including thermoregulatory behavior, relative to changes in body temperature has not been quantified in humans. We tested the hypothesis that changes in skin blood flow, behavior, and sweating or metabolic rate are initiated with increasing changes in mean skin temperature (Tskin) in resting humans. While wearing a water-perfused suit, 12 healthy young adults underwent heat (Heat) and cold stress (Cold) that induced gradual changes in Tskin. Subjects controlled the temperature of their dorsal neck to their perceived thermal comfort. Thus neck skin temperature provided an index of thermoregulatory behavior. Neck skin temperature (Tskin), core temperature (Tcore), metabolic rate, sweat rate, and nonglabrous skin blood flow were measured continually. Data were analyzed using segmental regression analysis, providing an index of thermoeffector activation relative to changes in Tskin. In Heat, increases in skin blood flow were observed with the smallest elevations in Tskin ( P < 0.01). Thermal behavior was initiated with an increase in Tskin of 2.4 ± 1.3°C (mean ± SD, P = 0.04), while sweating was observed with further elevations in Tskin (3.4 ± 0.5°C, P = 0.04), which coincided with increases in Tcore ( P = 0.98). In Cold, reductions in skin blood flow occurred with the smallest decrease in Tskin ( P < 0.01). Thermal behavior was initiated with a Tskin decrease of 1.5 ± 1.3°C, while metabolic rate ( P = 0.10) and Tcore ( P = 0.76) did not change throughout. These data indicate that autonomic and behavioral thermoeffectors are recruited in coordination with one another and likely in an orderly manner relative to the comparative physiological cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Schlader
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York
| | - James R Sackett
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York
| | - Suman Sarker
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York
| | - Blair D Johnson
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Davies JA. Adaptive self-organization in the embryo: its importance to adult anatomy and to tissue engineering. J Anat 2017; 232:524-533. [PMID: 29023694 PMCID: PMC5835792 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The anatomy of healthy humans shows much minor variation, and twin‐studies reveal at least some of this variation cannot be explained genetically. A plausible explanation is that fine‐scale anatomy is not specified directly in a genetic programme, but emerges from self‐organizing behaviours of cells that, for example, place a new capillary where it happens to be needed to prevent local hypoxia. Self‐organizing behaviour can be identified by manipulating growing tissues (e.g. putting them under a spatial constraint) and observing an adaptive change that conserves the character of the normal tissue while altering its precise anatomy. Self‐organization can be practically useful in tissue engineering but it is limited; generally, it is good for producing realistic small‐scale anatomy but large‐scale features will be missing. This is because self‐organizing organoids miss critical symmetry‐breaking influences present in the embryo: simulating these artificially, for example, with local signal sources, makes anatomy realistic even at large scales. A growing understanding of the mechanisms of self‐organization is now allowing synthetic biologists to take their first tentative steps towards constructing artificial multicellular systems that spontaneously organize themselves into patterns, which may soon be extended into three‐dimensional shapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Davies
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Brazaitis M, Paulauskas H, Eimantas N, Obelieniene D, Baranauskiene N, Skurvydas A. Heat transfer and loss by whole-body hyperthermia during severe lower-body heating are impaired in healthy older men. Exp Gerontol 2017; 96:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|