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Mikłosz A, Łukaszuk B, Supruniuk E, Grubczak K, Moniuszko M, Choromańska B, Myśliwiec P, Chabowski A. Does TBC1D4 (AS160) or TBC1D1 Deficiency Affect the Expression of Fatty Acid Handling Proteins in the Adipocytes Differentiated from Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ADMSCs) Obtained from Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat Depots? Cells 2021; 10:1515. [PMID: 34208471 PMCID: PMC8235367 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TBC1D4 (AS160) and TBC1D1 are Rab GTPase-activating proteins that play a key role in the regulation of glucose and possibly the transport of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) into muscle and fat cells. Knockdown (KD) of TBC1D4 increased CD36/SR-B2 and FABPpm protein expressions in L6 myotubes, whereas in murine cardiomyocytes, TBC1D4 deficiency led to a redistribution of CD36/SR-B2 to the sarcolemma. In our study, we investigated the previously unexplored role of both Rab-GAPs in LCFAs uptake in human adipocytes differentiated from the ADMSCs of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue origin. To this end we performed a single- and double-knockdown of the proteins (TBC1D1 and TBC1D4). Herein, we provide evidence that AS160 mediates fatty acid entry into the adipocytes derived from ADMSCs. TBC1D4 KD resulted in quite a few alterations to the cellular phenotype, the most obvious of which was the shift of the CD36/SR-B2 transport protein to the plasma membrane. The above translated into an increased uptake of saturated long-chain fatty acid. Interestingly, we observed a tissue-specific pattern, with more pronounced changes present in the adipocytes derived from subADMSCs. Altogether, our data show that in human adipocytes, TBC1D4, but not TBC1D1, deficiency increases LCFAs transport via CD36/SR-B2 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (B.Ł.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (B.Ł.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (B.Ł.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (K.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (K.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Barbara Choromańska
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a Street, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (B.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Piotr Myśliwiec
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a Street, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (B.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (B.Ł.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
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Khan D, Ara T, Ravi V, Rajagopal R, Tandon H, Parvathy J, Gonzalez EA, Asirvatham-Jeyaraj N, Krishna S, Mishra S, Raghu S, Bhati AS, Tamta AK, Dasgupta S, Kolthur-Seetharam U, Etchegaray JP, Mostoslavsky R, Rao PSM, Srinivasan N, Sundaresan NR. SIRT6 transcriptionally regulates fatty acid transport by suppressing PPARγ. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109190. [PMID: 34077730 PMCID: PMC8190874 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological lipid accumulation is often associated with enhanced uptake of free fatty acids via specific transporters in cardiomyocytes. Here, we identify SIRT6 as a critical transcriptional regulator of fatty acid transporters in cardiomyocytes. We find that SIRT6 deficiency enhances the expression of fatty acid transporters, leading to enhanced fatty acid uptake and lipid accumulation. Interestingly, the haploinsufficiency of SIRT6 is sufficient to induce the expression of fatty acid transporters and cause lipid accumulation in murine hearts. Mechanistically, SIRT6 depletion enhances the occupancy of the transcription factor PPARγ on the promoters of critical fatty acid transporters without modulating the acetylation of histone 3 at Lys 9 and Lys 56. Notably, the binding of SIRT6 to the DNA-binding domain of PPARγ is critical for regulating the expression of fatty acid transporters in cardiomyocytes. Our data suggest exploiting SIRT6 as a potential therapeutic target for protecting the heart from metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Khan
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Tarannum Ara
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Venkatraman Ravi
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Raksha Rajagopal
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Himani Tandon
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jayadevan Parvathy
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; IISc-Mathematics Initiative, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Edward A Gonzalez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ninitha Asirvatham-Jeyaraj
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Swati Krishna
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sneha Mishra
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sukanya Raghu
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arvind Singh Bhati
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Tamta
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Subhajit Dasgupta
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ullas Kolthur-Seetharam
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai, India; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Nagalingam Ravi Sundaresan
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
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103
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Hou Y, Wang Q, Han B, Chen Y, Qiao X, Wang L. CD36 promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the mtROS pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells of diabetic kidneys. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:523. [PMID: 34021126 PMCID: PMC8140121 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is the key proinflammatory cytokine associated with tubulointerstitial inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome regulates IL-1β activation and secretion. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) represents the main mediator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We previously reported that CD36, a class B scavenger receptor, mediates ROS production in DN. Here, we determined whether CD36 is involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and explored the underlying mechanisms. We observed that high glucose induced-NLRP3 inflammasome activation mediate IL-1β secretion, caspase-1 activation, and apoptosis in HK-2 cells. In addition, the levels of CD36, NLRP3, and IL-1β expression (protein and mRNA) were all significantly increased under high glucose conditions. CD36 knockdown resulted in decreased NLRP3 activation and IL-1β secretion. CD36 knockdown or the addition of MitoTempo significantly inhibited ROS production in HK-2 cells. CD36 overexpression enhanced NLRP3 activation, which was reduced by MitoTempo. High glucose levels induced a change in the metabolism of HK-2 cells from fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to glycolysis, which promoted mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production after 72 h. CD36 knockdown increased the level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and mitochondrial FAO, which was accompanied by the inhibition of NLRP3 and IL-1β. The in vivo experimental results indicate that an inhibition of CD36 could protect diabetic db/db mice from tubulointerstitial inflammation and tubular epithelial cell apoptosis. CD36 mediates mtROS production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in db/db mice. CD36 inhibition upregulated the level of FAO-related enzymes and AMPK activity in db/db mice. These results suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome activation is mediated by CD36 in renal tubular epithelial cells in DN, which suppresses mitochondrial FAO and stimulates mtROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Hou
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Baosheng Han
- grid.477944.dDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yiliang Chen
- grid.280427.b0000 0004 0434 015XBlood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA ,grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Xi Qiao
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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104
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Da W, Tao L, Zhu Y. The Role of Osteoclast Energy Metabolism in the Occurrence and Development of Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:675385. [PMID: 34054735 PMCID: PMC8150001 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.675385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the mechanism underlying bone metabolic disorders based on energy metabolism has been heavily researched. Bone resorption by osteoclasts plays an important role in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. However, the mechanism underlying the osteoclast energy metabolism disorder that interferes with bone homeostasis has not been determined. Bone resorption by osteoclasts is a process that consumes large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. In addition to glucose, fatty acids and amino acids can also be used as substrates to produce energy through oxidative phosphorylation. In this review, we summarize and analyze the energy-based phenotypic changes, epigenetic regulation, and coupling with systemic energy metabolism of osteoclasts during the development and progression of osteoporosis. At the same time, we propose a hypothesis, the compensatory recovery mechanism (involving the balance between osteoclast survival and functional activation), which may provide a new approach for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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105
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Cell surface markers for immunophenotyping human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1023-1039. [PMID: 33928456 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) self-renew and represent a potentially unlimited source for the production of cardiomyocytes (CMs) suitable for studies of human cardiac development, drug discovery, cardiotoxicity testing, and disease modelling and for cell-based therapies. However, most cardiac differentiation protocols yield mixed cultures of atrial-, ventricular-, and pacemaker-like cells at various stages of development, as well as non-CMs. The proportions and maturation states of these cell types result from disparities among differentiation protocols and time of cultivation, as well as hPSC reprogramming inconsistencies and genetic background variations. The reproducible use of hPSC-CMs for research and therapy is therefore limited by issues of cell population heterogeneity and functional states of maturation. A validated method that overcomes issues of cell heterogeneity is immunophenotyping coupled with live cell sorting, an approach that relies on accessible surface markers restricted to the desired cell type(s). Here we review current progress in unravelling heterogeneity in hPSC-cardiac cultures and in the identification of surface markers suitable for defining cardiac identity, subtype specificity, and maturation states.
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106
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Wu X, Huang S, Huang J, Peng P, Liu Y, Han B, Sun D. Identification of the Potential Role of the Rumen Microbiome in Milk Protein and Fat Synthesis in Dairy Cows Using Metagenomic Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051247. [PMID: 33926012 PMCID: PMC8146572 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The rumen is the main digestive and absorption organ of dairy cows. It contains abundant microorganisms and can effectively use human-indigestible plant mass. Therefore, we used metagenomics to explore the role of rumen microbes in the regulation of milk protein and fat in dairy cows. This study showed that Prevotella species and Neocallimastix californiae in the rumen of cows are related to the synthesis of milk components due to their important functions in carbohydrate, amino acid, pyruvate, insulin, and lipid metabolism and transportation metabolic pathways. Abstract The rumen contains abundant microorganisms that aid in the digestion of lignocellulosic feed and are associated with host phenotype traits. Cows with extremely high milk protein and fat percentages (HPF; n = 3) and low milk protein and fat percentages (LPF; n = 3) were selected from 4000 lactating Holstein cows under the same nutritional and management conditions. We found that the total concentration of volatile fatty acids, acetate, butyrate, and propionate in the rumen fluid was significantly higher in the HPF group than in the LPF group. Moreover, we identified 38 most abundant species displaying differential richness between the two groups, in which Prevotella accounted for 68.8% of the species, with the highest abundance in the HPF group. Functional annotation based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG), evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG), and Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZy) databases showed that the significantly more abundant species in the HPF group are enriched in carbohydrate, amino acid, pyruvate, insulin, and lipid metabolism and transportation. Furthermore, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that specific microbial taxa (mainly the Prevotella species and Neocallimastix californiae) are positively correlated with total volatile fatty acids (VFA). Collectively, we found that the HPF group was enriched with several Prevotella species related to the total VFA, acetate, and amino acid synthesis. Thereby, these fulfilled the host’s needs for energy, fat, and rumen microbial protein, which can be used for increased biosynthesis of milk fat and milk protein. Our findings provide novel information for elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of the rumen in the formation of milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (J.H.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (B.H.)
| | - Shuai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jinfeng Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (J.H.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (B.H.)
| | - Peng Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (J.H.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (B.H.)
| | - Yanan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (J.H.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (B.H.)
| | - Bo Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (J.H.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (B.H.)
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (J.H.); (P.P.); (Y.L.); (B.H.)
- Correspondence:
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107
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Su H, Liu D, Shao J, Li Y, Wang X, Gao Q. Aging Liver: Can Exercise be a Better Way to Delay the Process than Nutritional and Pharmacological Intervention? Focus on Lipid Metabolism. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4982-4991. [PMID: 32503400 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200605111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nowadays, the world is facing a common problem that the population aging process is accelerating. How to delay metabolic disorders in middle-aged and elderly people, has become a hot scientific and social issue worthy of attention. The liver plays an important role in lipid metabolism, and abnormal lipid metabolism may lead to liver diseases. Exercise is an easily controlled and implemented intervention, which has attracted extensive attention in improving the health of liver lipid metabolism in the elderly. This article reviewed the body aging process, changes of lipid metabolism in the aging liver, and the mechanism and effects of different interventions on lipid metabolism in the aging liver, especially focusing on exercise intervention. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed-NCBI, EBSCO Host and Web of Science, and also a report from WHO. In total, 143 studies were included from 1986 to 15 February 2020. CONCLUSION Nutritional and pharmacological interventions can improve liver disorders, and nutritional interventions are less risky relatively. Exercise intervention can prevent and improve age-related liver disease, especially the best high-intensity interval training intensity and duration is expected to be one of the research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- The School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsen Liu
- The School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Shao
- The Graduate School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinuo Li
- The Graduate School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- The School of Physical Education and Art Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- The School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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108
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Lesmeister L, Lange FT, Breuer J, Biegel-Engler A, Giese E, Scheurer M. Extending the knowledge about PFAS bioaccumulation factors for agricultural plants - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:142640. [PMID: 33077210 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A main source of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) residues in agricultural plants is their uptake from contaminated soil. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) can be an important tool to derive recommendations for cultivation or handling of crops prior consumption. This review compiles >4500 soil-to-plant BAFs for 45 PFASs from 24 studies involving 27 genera of agricultural crops. Grasses (Poaceae) provided most BAFs with the highest number of values for perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid. Influencing factors on PFAS transfer like compound-specific properties (hydrophobicity, chain length, functional group, etc.), plant species, compartments, and other boundary conditions are critically discussed. Throughout the literature, BAFs were higher for vegetative plant compartments than for reproductive and storage organs. Decreasing BAFs per additional perfluorinated carbon were clearly apparent for aboveground parts (up to 1.16 in grains) but not always for roots (partly down to zero). Combining all BAFs per single perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (C4-C14) and sulfonic acid (C4-C10), median log BAFs decreased by -0.25(±0.029) and -0.24(±0.013) per fluorinated carbon, respectively. For the first time, the plant uptake of ultra-short-chain (≤ C3) perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) was reviewed and showed a ubiquitous occurrence of trifluoroacetic acid in plants independent from the presence of other PFAAs. Based on identified knowledge gaps, it is suggested to focus on the uptake of precursors to PFAAs, PFAAs ≤C3, and additional emerging PFASs such as GenX or fluorinated ethers in future research. Studies regarding the uptake of PFASs by sugar cane, which accounts for about one fifth of the global crop production, are completely lacking and are also recommended. Furthermore, aqueous soil leachates should be tested as an alternative to the solvent extraction of soils as a base for BAF calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lesmeister
- TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water Centre), Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Thomas Lange
- TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water Centre), Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jörn Breuer
- Landwirtschaftliches Technologiezentrum Augustenberg (LTZ), Neßlerstr. 25, 76227 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Evelyn Giese
- German Environment Agency, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Marco Scheurer
- TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water Centre), Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Yang S, Huang Y, Li C, Jin L, Deng W, Zhao S, Wu D, He Y, Li B, Yu Z, Li T, Zhang Z, Pan X, Zhang H, Zou L. The Fecal and Serum Metabolomics of Giant Pandas Based on Untargeted Metabolomics. Zoolog Sci 2021; 38:179-186. [PMID: 33812357 DOI: 10.2108/zs200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Little is comprehensively known or understood about giant panda fecal and serum metabolites, which could serve as important indicators of the physiological metabolism of giant pandas. Therefore, we determined the contents of fecal and serum metabolites of giant pandas based on an untargeted metabolome. Four hundred and 955 metabolites were detected in the feces and serum of giant panda, respectively. Glycerophospholipid and choline metabolism were the main metabolic pathways in feces and serum. A significant correlation between the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites was found (P < 0.01). Fecal metabolites were not greatly affected by the age or gender of giant pandas, but serum metabolites were significantly affected by age and gender. The majority of different metabolites caused by age were higher in serum of younger giant pandas, including fatty acids, lipids, metabolites of bile acids, and intermediate products of vitamin D3. The majority of different metabolites caused by gender included fatty acids, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). A separate feeding diet should be considered according to different ages and genders of giant panda. Therefore, our results could provide helpful suggestions to further protect captive giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhi Yang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park (CCRCGP), Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611830, China
| | - Caiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park (CCRCGP), Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611830, China
| | - Lei Jin
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park (CCRCGP), Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611830, China
| | - Siyue Zhao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Daifu Wu
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park (CCRCGP), Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611830, China
| | - Yongguo He
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park (CCRCGP), Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611830, China
| | - Bei Li
- Dujiangyan Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611830, China
| | - Zhongliang Yu
- College of Tourism and Town and Country Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
| | - Ti Li
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park (CCRCGP), Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611830, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park (CCRCGP), Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611830, China
| | - Xin Pan
- College of Tourism and Town and Country Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China,
| | - Hemin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park (CCRCGP), Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611830, China,
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China,
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van Hemert ND, Rozemeijer R, Voskuil M, Stein M, Frambach P, Rittersma SZ, Kraaijeveld AO, Leenders GEH, van der Harst P, Agostoni P, Stella PR. Clinical outcomes after permanent polymer or polymer-free stent implantation in patients with diabetes mellitus: The ReCre8 diabetes substudy. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 99:366-372. [PMID: 33811730 PMCID: PMC9540458 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.29685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this analysis was to compare target‐lesion failure (TLF) of a permanent polymer zotarolimus‐eluting stent (PP‐ZES) versus a polymer‐free amphilimus‐eluting stent (PF‐AES) in diabetics. Background The improvement of outcomes with new‐generation drug‐eluting stent as seen in the general population is less pronounced among diabetics. The PF‐AES introduces an elution‐technology with potential enhanced performance in diabetics. Methods In this subanalysis of the ReCre8 trial, patients were randomized to either a PP‐ZES or PF‐AES after stratification for diabetes and troponin status. The primary device‐oriented endpoint was TLF, a composite of cardiac death, target‐vessel myocardial infarction and target‐lesion revascularization. Results In the ReCre8 trial, 304 (20%) patients were diabetic and 96 (6%) had insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. There was no statistically significant difference between the two study arms regarding the primary endpoint (PP‐ZES 7.2% vs. PF‐AES 4.0%; p = .21), although the composite of net adverse clinical events was higher in the PP‐ZES arm (15.7 vs. 8.0%; p = .035). Stent thrombosis was low in both groups with no cases in the PP‐ZES arm and 1 case in the PF‐AES arm (p = .32). Regarding insulin‐treated diabetics, TLF was higher in the PP‐ZES arm (14.9 vs. 2.1%; p = .022). Conclusions Diabetics could potentially benefit from a dedicated stent, releasing sirolimus with a lipophilic carrier (amphilimus‐formulation). Future trials should confirm the potential benefit of a PF‐AES in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D van Hemert
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Rozemeijer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Voskuil
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mèra Stein
- Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Frambach
- Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiology, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Saskia Z Rittersma
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan O Kraaijeveld
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert E H Leenders
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pierfrancesco Agostoni
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen (ZNA) Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter R Stella
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Wong LY, Glatz JFC, Wang S, Geraets IME, Vanherle S, Wijngaard AVD, Brunner H, Luiken JJFP, Nabben M. Comparison of human and rodent cell models to study myocardial lipid-induced insulin resistance. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 167:102267. [PMID: 33751940 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Isolated or cultured cells have proven to be valuable model systems to investigate cellular (patho)biology and for screening of the efficacy of drugs or their possible side-effects. Pluripotent stem cells (PSC) can be readily obtained from healthy individuals as well as from diseased patients, and protocols have been developed to differentiate these cells into cardiomyocytes. Hence, these cellular models are moving center stage for a broader application. In this review, we focus on comparing mouse HL-1 cardiomyocytes, isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes, human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) for the study of metabolic aspects of cardiac functioning in health and disease. Various studies have reported that these cellular models are suitable for assessing substrate uptake and utilization, in that each display an adequate and similar response to physiological triggers, in particular the presence of insulin. Likewise, disease conditions, such as excess lipid supply, similarly affect each of these rodent and human cardiomyocyte models. It is concluded that PSC-CMs obtained from patients with cardiogenetic abnormalities are promising models to evaluate the functional consequence of gene variants with unknown significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yen Wong
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ and FHML, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Shujin Wang
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ and FHML, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilvy M E Geraets
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ and FHML, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabina Vanherle
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur van den Wijngaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Han Brunner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ and FHML, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ and FHML, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Granados JC, Nigam AK, Bush KT, Jamshidi N, Nigam SK. A key role for the transporter OAT1 in systemic lipid metabolism. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100603. [PMID: 33785360 PMCID: PMC8102404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1/SLC22A6) is a drug transporter with numerous xenobiotic and endogenous substrates. The Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory suggests that drug transporters with compatible ligand preferences can play a role in “organ crosstalk,” mediating overall organismal communication. Other drug transporters are well known to transport lipids, but surprisingly little is known about the role of OAT1 in lipid metabolism. To explore this subject, we constructed a genome-scale metabolic model using omics data from the Oat1 knockout mouse. The model implicated OAT1 in the regulation of many classes of lipids, including fatty acids, bile acids, and prostaglandins. Accordingly, serum metabolomics of Oat1 knockout mice revealed increased polyunsaturated fatty acids, diacylglycerols, and long-chain fatty acids and decreased ceramides and bile acids when compared with wildtype controls. Some aged knockout mice also displayed increased lipid droplets in the liver when compared with wildtype mice. Chemoinformatics and machine learning analyses of these altered lipids defined molecular properties that form the structural basis for lipid-transporter interactions, including the number of rings, positive charge/volume, and complexity of the lipids. Finally, we obtained targeted serum metabolomics data after short-term treatment of rodents with the OAT-inhibiting drug probenecid to identify potential drug–metabolite interactions. The treatment resulted in alterations in eicosanoids and fatty acids, further supporting our metabolic reconstruction predictions. Consistent with the Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory, the data support a role of OAT1 in systemic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry C Granados
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anisha K Nigam
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kevin T Bush
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Neema Jamshidi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sanjay K Nigam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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Salvador López JM, Van Bogaert INA. Microbial fatty acid transport proteins and their biotechnological potential. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2184-2201. [PMID: 33638355 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism has been widely studied in various organisms. However, fatty acid transport has received less attention, even though it plays vital physiological roles, such as export of toxic free fatty acids or uptake of exogenous fatty acids. Hence, there are important knowledge gaps in how fatty acids cross biological membranes, and many mechanisms and proteins involved in these processes still need to be determined. The lack of information is more predominant in microorganisms, even though the identification of fatty acids transporters in these cells could lead to establishing new drug targets or improvements in microbial cell factories. This review provides a thorough analysis of the current information on fatty acid transporters in microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts and microalgae species. Most available information relates to the model organisms Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but transport systems of other species are also discussed. Intracellular trafficking of fatty acids and their transport through organelle membranes in eukaryotic organisms is described as well. Finally, applied studies and engineering efforts using fatty acids transporters are presented to show the applied potential of these transporters and to stress the need for further identification of new transporters and their engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Salvador López
- BioPort Group, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge N A Van Bogaert
- BioPort Group, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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114
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Lee JY, Kim WK, Bae KH, Lee SC, Lee EW. Lipid Metabolism and Ferroptosis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030184. [PMID: 33801564 PMCID: PMC8000263 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Ferroptosis is a type of cell death, which is morphologically and mechanistically distinct from other type of cell death pathways such as apoptosis and necroptosis. Lipid peroxidation is a hallmark of ferroptosis and directly destroys cellular membranes, thereby causing ferroptosis. Since lipid peroxidation, which induces ferroptosis, occurs in polyunsaturated fatty acid on specific phospholipids, various lipid metabolic pathways are involved in lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Besides, various metabolic and signaling pathways directly and indirectly regulate lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Since ferroptosis is associated with a variety of human diseases such as cancer, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, kidney diseases, liver diseases, and neuronal diseases, a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis can provide insights and treatment strategies for related diseases. Abstract Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent regulated necrosis induced by lipid peroxidation that occurs in cellular membranes. Among the various lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) associated with several phospholipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), are responsible for ferroptosis-inducing lipid peroxidation. Since the de novo synthesis of PUFAs is strongly restricted in mammals, cells take up essential fatty acids from the blood and lymph to produce a variety of PUFAs via PUFA biosynthesis pathways. Free PUFAs can be incorporated into the cellular membrane by several enzymes, such as ACLS4 and LPCAT3, and undergo lipid peroxidation through enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. These pathways are tightly regulated by various metabolic and signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of how various lipid metabolic pathways are associated with lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Our review will provide insight into treatment strategies for ferroptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (W.K.K.); (K.-H.B.)
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (W.K.K.); (K.-H.B.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (W.K.K.); (K.-H.B.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (W.K.K.); (K.-H.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.L.); (E.-W.L.)
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (W.K.K.); (K.-H.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.L.); (E.-W.L.)
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Liebisch G, Plagge J, Höring M, Seeliger C, Ecker J. The effect of gut microbiota on the intestinal lipidome of mice. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151488. [PMID: 33662870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota significantly influence the plasma and liver lipidome. An interconnecting metabolite is acetate generated after degradation and fermentation of dietary fiber by the gut microbiota, which is metabolized in the liver into longer chain fatty acids and complex lipids reaching the circulation. Whether these systemic changes are accompanied by alternations of the intestinal lipidome is unclear. Therefore, we quantified glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and sterols in ileum and colon, the two segments containing the highest densities of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract, of germfree and specific pathogen free mice using mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. We found that the presence of gut microbes lowers the free cholesterol content in colon while elevating phosphatidylcholine levels. Further, PUFA-containing phosphatidylcholine and -ethanolamine fractions are increased in ileum and colon of germfree compared to SPF mice. A total fatty acid analysis by GC-MS revealed higher levels of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid in the ileum of germfree mice indicating that the gut microbiota inhibits PUFA metabolism in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Plagge
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Research Group Lipid Metabolism, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudine Seeliger
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Research Group Lipid Metabolism, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Josef Ecker
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Research Group Lipid Metabolism, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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116
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Ge H, Tian M, Pei Q, Tan F, Pei H. Extracellular Matrix Stiffness: New Areas Affecting Cell Metabolism. Front Oncol 2021; 11:631991. [PMID: 33718214 PMCID: PMC7943852 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.631991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, in-depth studies have shown that extracellular matrix stiffness plays an important role in cell growth, proliferation, migration, immunity, malignant transformation, and apoptosis. Most of these processes entail metabolic reprogramming of cells. However, the exact mechanism through which extracellular matrix stiffness leads to metabolic reprogramming remains unclear. Insights regarding the relationship between extracellular matrix stiffness and metabolism could help unravel novel therapeutic targets and guide development of clinical approaches against a myriad of diseases. This review provides an overview of different pathways of extracellular matrix stiffness involved in regulating glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengxiang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Pei
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengbo Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiping Pei
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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117
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Trans-endothelial trafficking of metabolic substrates and its importance in cardio-metabolic disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:507-517. [PMID: 33616631 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium acts as a gatekeeper, controlling the movement of biomolecules between the circulation and underlying tissues. Although conditions of metabolic stress are traditionally considered as causes of endothelial dysfunction, a principal driver of cardiovascular disease, accumulating evidence suggests that endothelial cells are also active players in maintaining local metabolic homeostasis, in part, through regulating the supply of metabolic substrates, including lipids and glucose, to energy-demanding organs. Therefore, endothelial dysfunction, in terms of altered trans-endothelial trafficking of these substrates, may in fact be an early contributor towards the establishment of metabolic dysfunction and subsequent cardiovascular disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underpin substrate trafficking through the endothelium represents an important area within the vascular and metabolism fields that may offer an opportunity for identifying novel therapeutic targets. This mini-review summarises the emerging mechanisms regulating the trafficking of lipids and glucose through the endothelial barrier and how this may impact on the development of cardio-metabolic disease.
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118
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A 12-week aerobic exercise intervention results in improved metabolic function and lower adipose tissue and ectopic fat in high-fat diet fed rats. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227560. [PMID: 33432988 PMCID: PMC7846962 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations of long-term exercise interventions in humans to reverse obesity is expensive and is hampered by poor compliance and confounders. In the present study, we investigated intrahepatic and muscle fat, visceral and subcutaneous fat pads, plasma metabolic profile and skeletal muscle inflammatory markers in response to 12-week aerobic exercise in an obese rodent model. Six-week-old male Wistar rats (n=20) were randomized to chow-fed control (Control, n=5), sedentary high-fat diet (HFD, n=5), chow-fed exercise (Exercise, n=5) and HFD-fed exercise (HFD+Exercise, n=5) groups. The exercise groups were subjected to 12 weeks of motorized treadmill running at a speed of 18 m/min for 30 min/day. Differences in post-intervention measures were assessed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusted for baseline bodyweight and pre-intervention measures, where available. Post-hoc analyses were performed with Bonferroni correction. Plasma metabolic profile was worsened and fat pads, ectopic fat in muscle and liver and inflammatory markers in skeletal muscle were elevated in sedentary HFD-fed animals relative to chow-fed controls. HFD+Exercise animals had significantly lower leptin (P=0.0004), triglycerides (P=0.007), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; P=0.065), intramyocellular lipids (IMCLs; P=0.003), intrahepatic lipids (IHLs; P<0.0001), body fat% (P=0.001), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT; P<0.0001), visceral adipose (P<0.0001) and total fat mass (P<0.0001), relative to sedentary HFD-fed animals, despite only modestly lower bodyweight. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of inflammatory markers Interleukin 6 (IL6) and Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were also reduced with aerobic exercise in skeletal muscle. Our results suggest that 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training is effective in improving metabolic health, fat depots, ectopic fat and inflammation even against a high-fat dietary background.
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119
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TGF-β in Cancer: Metabolic Driver of the Tolerogenic Crosstalk in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030401. [PMID: 33499083 PMCID: PMC7865468 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overcoming tumor immunosuppression still represents one ambitious achievement for cancer immunotherapy. Of note, the cytokine TGF-β contributes to immune evasion in multiple cancer types, by feeding the establishment of a tolerogenic environment in the host. Indeed, it fosters the expansion and accumulation of immunosuppressive regulatory cell populations within the tumor microenvironment (TME), where it also activates resident stromal cells and enhances angiogenesis programs. More recently, TGF-β has also turned out as a key metabolic adjuster in tumors orchestrating metabolic pathways in the TME. In this review, we will scrutinize TGF-β-mediated immune and stromal cell crosstalk within the TME, with a primary focus on metabolic programs.
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120
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Ramanan SP, Mohamed MWF, Aung SS, Sange I, Hamid P. Treatment of Fatty Liver Disease: The Present and the Future. Cureus 2021; 13:e12713. [PMID: 33614318 PMCID: PMC7883529 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progressing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease (ESRD), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is emerging as a global epidemic. Obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome are some of the leading risk factors for NAFLD. The most prevalent treatment to stop the progression is aimed at dietary modification and lifestyle changes. Bariatric surgery is indicated for patients with morbid obesity with NAFLD. The progression of NAFLD to NASH and HCC can be arrested at various stages of pathogenesis by the already prevalent drugs and the emerging newer molecular and genetic targets. This review article analyzed various preclinical animal trials and clinical trials and has summarized various groups of drugs that can be life-altering in patients diagnosed with NAFLD. This study also discusses the obstacles in taking these clinical trials to bedside treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Priyavadhana Ramanan
- Medicine/Surgery, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, IND.,Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mohamed Wael F Mohamed
- Neurological Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, GBR.,Neurosciences, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Su Sandi Aung
- Medicine and Surgery, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, MMR.,Neurosciences, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ibrahim Sange
- Medicine, KJ Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, IND.,Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Pousette Hamid
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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121
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Merlotti D, Cosso R, Eller-Vainicher C, Vescini F, Chiodini I, Gennari L, Falchetti A. Energy Metabolism and Ketogenic Diets: What about the Skeletal Health? A Narrative Review and a Prospective Vision for Planning Clinical Trials on this Issue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010435. [PMID: 33406758 PMCID: PMC7796307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of a common mesenchymal cell progenitor shared by bone, skeletal muscle, and adipocytes cell progenitors, makes the role of the skeleton in energy metabolism no longer surprising. Thus, bone fragility could also be seen as a consequence of a “poor” quality in nutrition. Ketogenic diet was originally proven to be effective in epilepsy, and long-term follow-up studies on epileptic children undergoing a ketogenic diet reported an increased incidence of bone fractures and decreased bone mineral density. However, the causes of such negative impacts on bone health have to be better defined. In these subjects, the concomitant use of antiepileptic drugs and the reduced mobilization may partly explain the negative effects on bone health, but little is known about the effects of diet itself, and/or generic alterations in vitamin D and/or impaired growth factor production. Despite these remarks, clinical studies were adequately designed to investigate bone health are scarce and bone health related aspects are not included among the various metabolic pathologies positively influenced by ketogenic diets. Here, we provide not only a narrative review on this issue, but also practical advice to design and implement clinical studies on ketogenic nutritional regimens and bone health outcomes. Perspectives on ketogenic regimens, microbiota, microRNAs, and bone health are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Roberta Cosso
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano “Scientific Institute for Hospitalisation and Care”, 20100 Milano, Italy; (R.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Cristina Eller-Vainicher
- Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Fabio Vescini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Iacopo Chiodini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano “Scientific Institute for Hospitalisation and Care”, 20100 Milano, Italy; (R.C.); (I.C.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano “Scientific Institute for Hospitalisation and Care”, 20100 Milano, Italy; (R.C.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence:
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122
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Exploring cellular markers of metabolic syndrome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells across the neuropsychiatric spectrum. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:673-682. [PMID: 32898636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that comorbidities between neuropsychiatric conditions and metabolic syndrome may precede and even exacerbate long-term side-effects of psychiatric medication, such as a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which result in increased mortality. In the present study we compare the expression of key metabolic proteins, including the insulin receptor (CD220), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and fatty acid translocase (CD36), on peripheral blood mononuclear cell subtypes from patients across the neuropsychiatric spectrum, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression and autism spectrum conditions (n = 25/condition), relative to typical controls (n = 100). This revealed alterations in the expression of these proteins that were specific to schizophrenia. Further characterization of metabolic alterations in an extended cohort of first-onset antipsychotic drug-naïve schizophrenia patients (n = 58) and controls (n = 63) revealed that the relationship between insulin receptor expression in monocytes and physiological insulin sensitivity was disrupted in schizophrenia and that altered expression of the insulin receptor was associated with whole genome polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia. Finally, longitudinal follow-up of the schizophrenia patients over the course of antipsychotic drug treatment revealed that peripheral metabolic markers predicted changes in psychopathology and the principal side effect of weight gain at clinically relevant time points. These findings suggest that peripheral blood cells can provide an accessible surrogate model for metabolic alterations in schizophrenia and have the potential to stratify subgroups of patients with different clinical outcomes or a greater risk of developing metabolic complications following antipsychotic therapy.
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Altajar S, Baffy G. Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in the Development and Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2020; 8:414-423. [PMID: 33447525 PMCID: PMC7782111 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2020.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between the pathogenesis and natural course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and skeletal muscle dysfunction is increasingly recognized. These obesity-associated disorders originate primarily from sustained caloric excess, gradually disrupting cellular and molecular mechanisms of the adipose-muscle-liver axis resulting in end-stage tissue injury exemplified by cirrhosis and sarcopenia. These major clinical phenotypes develop through complex organ-tissue interactions from the earliest stages of NAFLD. While the role of adipose tissue expansion and remodeling is well established in the development of NAFLD, less is known about the specific interplay between skeletal muscle and the liver in this process. Here, the relationship between skeletal muscle and liver in various stages of NAFLD progression is reviewed. Current knowledge of the pathophysiology is summarized with the goal of better understanding the natural history, risk stratification, and management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Altajar
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gyorgy Baffy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- *Correspondence to: Gyorgy Baffy, Section of Gastroenterology, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Room A6-46, Boston, MA 12130, USA. Tel/Fax: +1-857-364-4327, E-mail:
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Lu X, Hu S, Liao Y, Zheng J, Zeng T, Zhong X, Liu G, Gou L, Chen L. Vascular endothelial growth factor B promotes transendothelial fatty acid transport into skeletal muscle via histone modifications during catch-up growth. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E1031-E1043. [PMID: 32954823 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00090.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) followed by refeeding, a phenomenon known as catch-up growth (CUG), results in excessive lipid deposition and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent reports have suggested that vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) controls muscle lipid accumulation by regulating endothelial fatty acid transport. Here, we found continuous activation of VEGF-B signaling and increased lipid uptake in skeletal muscle from CR to refeeding, as well as increased lipid deposition and impaired insulin sensitivity after refeeding in the skeletal muscle of CUG rodents. Inhibiting VEGF-B signaling reduced fatty acid uptake in and transport across endothelial cells. Knockdown of Vegfb in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of CUG mice significantly attenuated muscle lipid accumulation and ameliorated muscle insulin sensitivity by decreasing lipid uptake. Furthermore, we showed that aberrant histone methylation (H3K9me1) and acetylation (H3K14ac and H3K18ac) at the Vegfb promoter might be the main cause of persistent VEGF-B upregulation in skeletal muscle during CUG. Modifying these aberrant loci using their related enzymes [PHD finger protein 2 (PHF2) or E1A binding protein p300 (p300)] could regulate VEGF-B expression in vitro. Collectively, our findings indicate that VEGF-B can promote transendothelial lipid transport and lead to lipid overaccumulation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle during CUG, which might be mediated by histone methylation and acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengqing Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfei Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyu Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Geng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Luoning Gou
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
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125
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Role of Metabolism in Bone Development and Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238992. [PMID: 33256181 PMCID: PMC7729585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the underlying energy sources for animals and are catabolized through specific biochemical cascades involving numerous enzymes. The catabolites and metabolites in these metabolic pathways are crucial for many cellular functions; therefore, an imbalance and/or dysregulation of these pathways causes cellular dysfunction, resulting in various metabolic diseases. Bone, a highly mineralized organ that serves as a skeleton of the body, undergoes continuous active turnover, which is required for the maintenance of healthy bony components through the deposition and resorption of bone matrix and minerals. This highly coordinated event is regulated throughout life by bone cells such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, and requires synchronized activities from different metabolic pathways. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the cellular metabolism involved in bone development and homeostasis, as revealed by mouse genetic studies.
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A Role for Caveolin-3 in the Pathogenesis of Muscular Dystrophies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228736. [PMID: 33228026 PMCID: PMC7699313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are the cholesterol-rich small invaginations of the plasma membrane present in many cell types including adipocytes, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles. They serve as specialized platforms for many signaling molecules and regulate important cellular processes like energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, mitochondria homeostasis, and mechano-transduction. Caveolae can be internalized together with associated cargo. The caveolae-dependent endocytic pathway plays a role in the withdrawal of many plasma membrane components that can be sent for degradation or recycled back to the cell surface. Caveolae are formed by oligomerization of caveolin proteins. Caveolin-3 is a muscle-specific isoform, whose malfunction is associated with several diseases including diabetes, cancer, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Mutations in Caveolin-3 are known to cause muscular dystrophies that are collectively called caveolinopathies. Altered expression of Caveolin-3 is also observed in Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy, which is likely a part of the pathological process leading to muscle weakness. This review summarizes the major functions of Caveolin-3 in skeletal muscles and discusses its involvement in the pathology of muscular dystrophies.
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Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Modifies Lipid Profile, but Not Insulin Sensitivity, of Palmitic Acid-Treated L6 Myotubes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218382. [PMID: 33171690 PMCID: PMC7664924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a novel stimulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular energy metabolism. This is the first study investigating regulatory mechanisms and metabolic responses underlying PQQ’s action in palmitate-exposed L6 myotubes. Particularly, we assessed alterations in lipid content and composition, expression of metabolic enzymes, and changes in glucose transport. The experiments were conducted using muscle cells subjected to short (2 h) and prolonged (24 h) incubation with PQQ in a sequence of pre- and post-palmitic acid (PA) exposure. We demonstrated the opposite effects of 2 and 24 h treatments with PQQ on lipid content, i.e., a decline in the level of free fatty acids and triacylglycerols in response to short-time PQQ incubation as compared to increases in diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol levels observed after 24 h. We did not demonstrate a significant impact of PQQ on fatty acid transport. The analysis of metabolic enzyme expression showed that the vast majority of PQQ-dependent alterations cumulated in the PA/PQQ 24 h group, including elevated protein amount of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), phosphorylated 5′AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK), carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), citrate synthase (CS), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 1 (SPT1). In conclusion, the results mentioned above indicate PQQ-dependent activation of both fatty acid oxidation and lipid synthesis in order to adapt cells to palmitic acid-rich medium, although PQQ did not attenuate insulin resistance in muscle cells.
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128
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Benninghoff T, Espelage L, Eickelschulte S, Zeinert I, Sinowenka I, Müller F, Schöndeling C, Batchelor H, Cames S, Zhou Z, Kotzka J, Chadt A, Al-Hasani H. The RabGAPs TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 Control Uptake of Long-Chain Fatty Acids Into Skeletal Muscle via Fatty Acid Transporter SLC27A4/FATP4. Diabetes 2020; 69:2281-2293. [PMID: 32868338 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The two closely related RabGTPase-activating proteins (RabGAPs) TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 play a crucial role in the regulation of GLUT4 translocation in response to insulin and contraction in skeletal muscle. In mice, deficiency in one or both RabGAPs leads to reduced insulin- and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake and to elevated fatty acid (FA) uptake and oxidation in both glycolytic and oxidative muscle fibers without altering mitochondrial copy number and the abundance of proteins for oxidative phosphorylation. Here we present evidence for a novel mechanism of skeletal muscle lipid utilization involving the two RabGAPs and the FA transporter SLC27A4/FATP4. Both RabGAPs control the uptake of saturated and unsaturated long-chain FAs (LCFAs) into skeletal muscle and knockdown (Kd) of a subset of RabGAP substrates, Rab8, Rab10, or Rab14, decreased LCFA uptake into these cells. In skeletal muscle from Tbc1d1 and Tbc1d4 knockout animals, SLC27A4/FATP4 abundance was increased and depletion of SLC27A4/FATP4 but not FAT/CD36 completely abrogated the enhanced FA oxidation in RabGAP-deficient skeletal muscle and cultivated C2C12 myotubes. Collectively, our data demonstrate that RabGAP-mediated control of skeletal muscle lipid metabolism converges with glucose metabolism at the level of downstream RabGTPases and involves regulated transport of LCFAs via SLC27A4/FATP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Benninghoff
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lena Espelage
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Samaneh Eickelschulte
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Zeinert
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Isabelle Sinowenka
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Frank Müller
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Schöndeling
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Cames
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzka
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
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129
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Sun A, Simsek Papur O, Dirkx E, Wong L, Sips T, Wang S, Strzelecka A, Nabben M, Glatz JFC, Neumann D, Luiken JJFP. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ mediates contraction-induced GLUT4 translocation and shows its anti-diabetic action in cardiomyocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:2839-2856. [PMID: 33090289 PMCID: PMC8004495 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the diabetic heart, long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) uptake is increased at the expense of glucose uptake. This metabolic shift ultimately leads to insulin resistance and a reduced cardiac function. Therefore, signaling kinases that mediate glucose uptake without simultaneously stimulating LCFA uptake could be considered attractive anti-diabetic targets. Phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase-IIIβ (PI4KIIIβ) is a lipid kinase downstream of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) that mediates Golgi-to-plasma membrane vesicular trafficking in HeLa-cells. In this study, we evaluated whether PI4KIIIβ is involved in myocellular GLUT4 translocation induced by contraction or oligomycin (an F1F0-ATP synthase inhibitor that activates contraction-like signaling). Pharmacological targeting, with compound MI14, or genetic silencing of PI4KIIIβ inhibited contraction/oligomycin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes but did not affect CD36 translocation nor LCFA uptake. Addition of the PI4KIIIβ enzymatic reaction product phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate restored oligomycin-stimulated glucose uptake in the presence of MI14. PI4KIIIβ activation by PKD1 involves Ser294 phosphorylation and altered its localization with unchanged enzymatic activity. Adenoviral PI4KIIIβ overexpression stimulated glucose uptake, but did not activate hypertrophic signaling, indicating that unlike PKD1, PI4KIIIβ is selectively involved in GLUT4 translocation. Finally, PI4KIIIβ overexpression prevented insulin resistance and contractile dysfunction in lipid-overexposed cardiomyocytes. Together, our studies identify PI4KIIIβ as positive and selective regulator of GLUT4 translocation in response to contraction-like signaling, suggesting PI4KIIIβ as a promising target to rescue defective glucose uptake in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sun
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - O Simsek Papur
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E Dirkx
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L Wong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - T Sips
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Strzelecka
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Nabben
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D Neumann
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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130
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Gullberg GT, Shrestha UM, Seo Y. PET imaging of glucose and fatty acid metabolism for NAFLD patients. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:1689-1697. [PMID: 30547298 PMCID: PMC8356561 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-01532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant T Gullberg
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Uttam M Shrestha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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131
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Understanding lipotoxicity in NAFLD pathogenesis: is CD36 a key driver? Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:802. [PMID: 32978374 PMCID: PMC7519685 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD stages range from simple steatosis (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the crucial events clearly involved in NAFLD progression is the lipotoxicity resulting from an excessive fatty acid (FFA) influx to hepatocytes. Hepatic lipotoxicity occurs when the capacity of the hepatocyte to manage and export FFAs as triglycerides (TGs) is overwhelmed. This review provides succinct insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for lipotoxicity in NAFLD, including ER and oxidative stress, autophagy, lipoapotosis and inflammation. In addition, we highlight the role of CD36/FAT fatty acid translocase in NAFLD pathogenesis. Up-to-date, it is well known that CD36 increases FFA uptake and, in the liver, it drives hepatosteatosis onset and might contribute to its progression to NASH. Clinical studies have reinforced the significance of CD36 by showing increased content in the liver of NAFLD patients. Interestingly, circulating levels of a soluble form of CD36 (sCD36) are abnormally elevated in NAFLD patients and positively correlate with the histological grade of hepatic steatosis. In fact, the induction of CD36 translocation to the plasma membrane of the hepatocytes may be a determining factor in the physiopathology of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients. Given all these data, targeting the fatty acid translocase CD36 or some of its functional regulators may be a promising therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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132
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Kwong SC, Abd Jamil AH, Rhodes A, Taib NA, Chung I. Fatty acid binding protein 7 mediates linoleic acid-induced cell death in triple negative breast cancer cells by modulating 13-HODE. Biochimie 2020; 179:23-31. [PMID: 32931863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Different fatty acids have distinct effects on the survival of breast cancer cells, which could be mediated by fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), a family of lipid chaperones. Due to the diverse structures of the members of FABP family, each FABP demonstrates distinct binding affinities to different fatty acids. Of note, FABP7 is predominantly expressed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Yet, the role of FABP7 in modulating the effects of fatty acids on TNBC survival was unclear. In contrast to the high expression of FABP7 in human TNBC tumours, FABP7 protein was undetectable in TNBC cell lines. Hence, a FABP7 overexpression model was used for this study, in which the transduced TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T) were treated with various mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid (OA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) inhibited TNBC cell growth at high concentrations, with no differences resulted from FABP7 overexpression. Interestingly, overexpression of FABP7 augmented linoleic acid-induced cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells. The increased cell death may be explained by a decrease in 13-HODE, a pro-tumorigenic oxidation product of linoleic acid. The phenotype was, however, attenuated with a rescue treatment using 25 nM 13-HODE. The decrease in 13-HODE was potentially due to fatty acid partitioning modulated by FABP7, as demonstrated by a 3-fold increase in fatty acid oxidation. Our findings suggest that linoleic acid could be a potential therapeutic strategy for FABP7-overexpressing TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soke Chee Kwong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amira Hajirah Abd Jamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anthony Rhodes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Taib
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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133
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Does adipose tissue inflammation drive the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obesity? Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:394-402. [PMID: 32044284 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, an increasingly common problem in modern societies, is associated with acquired metabolic disturbances. In this perspective, the development of insulin resistance is now recognized to be initiated by inflammation of the adipose tissue, but the events that lead to this inflammation are still vague. Furthermore, visceral adipose tissue plays a significant role in obesity pathophysiology and in its clinical effects, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Among the possible mechanisms linking NAFLD and obesity, we focused on Visfatin/NAMPT, mostly produced by macrophages infiltrated in adipose tissue and a biomarker of the inflammatory cascade affecting hepatic inflammation in NAFLD. We also addressed the signalling pathway triggered by the binding of VEGF-B to its receptor, which mediates lipid fluxes throughout the body, being a promising target to prevent ectopic lipid accumulation. We reviewed the available literature on the topic and we suggest a crosstalk between adipose tissue inflammation and NAFLD in order to provide new insights about the putative mechanisms involved in the development of NAFLD in the obesity context. A better understanding of the pathophysiological processes underlying NAFLD will allow the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Glatz JFC, Luiken JJFP. Time for a détente in the war on the mechanism of cellular fatty acid uptake. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1300-1303. [PMID: 32873748 PMCID: PMC7469886 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.6192020lte] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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135
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Yang J, Ueharu H, Mishina Y. Energy metabolism: A newly emerging target of BMP signaling in bone homeostasis. Bone 2020; 138:115467. [PMID: 32512164 PMCID: PMC7423769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Energy metabolism is the process of generating energy (i.e. ATP) from nutrients. This process is indispensable for cell homeostasis maintenance and responses to varying conditions. Cells require energy for growth and maintenance and have evolved to have multiple pathways to produce energy. Both genetic and functional studies have demonstrated that energy metabolism, such as glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, plays important roles in the formation and function of bone cells including osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Dysregulation of energy metabolism in bone cells consequently disturbs the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Metabolic diseases have also been reported to affect bone homeostasis. Bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling plays critical roles in regulating the formation and function of bone cells, thus affecting bone development and homeostasis. Mutations of BMP signaling-related genes in mice have been reported to show abnormalities in energy metabolism in many tissues, including bone. In addition, BMP signaling correlates with critical signaling pathways such as mTOR, HIF, Wnt, and self-degradative process autophagy to coordinate energy metabolism and bone homeostasis. These findings will provide a newly emerging target of BMP signaling and potential therapeutic strategies and the improved management of bone diseases. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of (1) energy metabolism in regulating the formation and function of bone cells, (2) function of BMP signaling in whole body energy metabolism, and (3) mechanistic interaction of BMP signaling with other signaling pathways and biological processes critical for energy metabolism and bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Yang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Hiroki Ueharu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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136
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Høgild ML, Gudiksen A, Pilegaard H, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Pedersen SB, Møller N, Jørgensen JOL, Jessen N. Redundancy in regulation of lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle during prolonged fasting in obese men. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14285. [PMID: 31724339 PMCID: PMC6854099 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasting in human subjects shifts skeletal muscle metabolism toward lipid utilization and accumulation, including intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) deposition. Growth hormone (GH) secretion amplifies during fasting and promotes lipolysis and lipid oxidation, but it is unknown to which degree lipid deposition and metabolism in skeletal muscle during fasting depends on GH action. To test this, we studied nine obese but otherwise healthy men thrice: (a) in the postabsorptive state (“CTRL”), (b) during 72‐hr fasting (“FAST”), and (c) during 72‐hr fasting and treatment with a GH antagonist (GHA) (“FAST + GHA”). IMCL was assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and blood samples were drawn for plasma metabolomics assessment while muscle biopsies were obtained for measurements of regulators of substrate metabolism. Prolonged fasting was associated with elevated GH levels and a pronounced GHA‐independent increase in circulating medium‐ and long‐chain fatty acids, glycerol, and ketone bodies indicating increased supply of lipid intermediates to skeletal muscle. Additionally, fasting was associated with a release of short‐, medium‐, and long‐chain acylcarnitines to the circulation from an increased β‐oxidation. This was consistent with a ≈55%–60% decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHa) activity. Opposite, IMCL content increased ≈75% with prolonged fasting without an effect of GHA. We suggest that prolonged fasting increases lipid uptake in skeletal muscle and saturates lipid oxidation, both favoring IMCL deposition. This occurs without a detectable effect of GHA on skeletal muscle lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten L Høgild
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Gudiksen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The MR Research Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens O L Jørgensen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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137
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Boardman NT, Pedersen TM, Rossvoll L, Hafstad AD, Aasum E. Diet-induced obese mouse hearts tolerate an acute high-fatty acid exposure that also increases ischemic tolerance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H682-H693. [PMID: 32795177 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00284.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An ischemic insult is accompanied by an acute increase in circulating fatty acid (FA) levels, which can induce adverse changes related to cardiac metabolism/energetics. Although chronic hyperlipidemia contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity-/diabetes-related cardiomyopathy, it is unclear how these hearts are affected by an acute high FA-load. We hypothesize that adaptation to chronic FA exposure enhances the obese hearts' ability to handle an acute high FA-load. Diet-induced obese (DIO) and age-matched control (CON) mouse hearts were perfused in the presence of low- or high FA-load (0.4 and 1.8 mM, respectively). Left ventricular (LV) function, FA oxidation rate, myocardial oxygen consumption, and mechanical efficiency were assessed, followed by analysis of myocardial oxidative stress, mitochondrial respiration, protein acetylation, and gene expression. Finally, ischemic tolerance was determined by examining LV functional recovery and infarct size. Under low-FA conditions, DIO hearts showed mild LV dysfunction, oxygen wasting, mechanical inefficiency, and reduced mitochondrial OxPhos. High FA-load increased FA oxidation rates in both groups, but this did not alter any of the above parameters in DIO hearts. In contrast, CON hearts showed FA-induced mechanical inefficiency, oxidative stress, and reduced OxPhos, as well as enhanced acetylation and activation of PPARα-dependent gene expression. While high FA-load did not alter functional recovery and infarct size in CON hearts, it increased ischemic tolerance in DIO hearts. Thus, this study demonstrates that acute FA-load affects normal and obese hearts differently and that chronically elevated circulating FA levels render the DIO heart less vulnerable to the disadvantageous effects of an acute FA-load.NEW & NOTEWORTHY An acute myocardial fat-load leads to oxidative stress, oxygen wasting, mechanical inefficiency, hyperacetylation, and impaired mitochondrial function, which can contribute to reduced ischemic tolerance. Following obesity/insulin resistance, hearts were less affected by a high fat-load, which subsequently also improved ischemic tolerance. This study highlights that an acute fat-load affects normal and obese hearts differently and that obesity renders hearts less vulnerable to the disadvantageous effects of an acute fat-load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neoma T Boardman
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Tina M Pedersen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Line Rossvoll
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Anne D Hafstad
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Ellen Aasum
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
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138
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Svoboda LK, Wang K, Cavalcante RG, Neier K, Colacino JA, Sartor MA, Dolinoy DC. Sex-Specific Programming of Cardiac DNA Methylation by Developmental Phthalate Exposure. Epigenet Insights 2020; 13:2516865720939971. [PMID: 32864567 PMCID: PMC7430087 DOI: 10.1177/2516865720939971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalate plasticizers are ubiquitous chemicals linked to several cardiovascular diseases in animal models and humans. Despite this, the mechanisms by which phthalate exposures cause adverse cardiac health outcomes are unclear. In particular, whether phthalate exposures during pregnancy interfere with normal developmental programming of the cardiovascular system, and the resulting implications this may have for long-term disease risk, are unknown. Recent studies suggest that the effects of phthalates on metabolic and neurobehavioral outcomes are sex-specific. However, the influence of sex on cardiac susceptibility to phthalate exposures has not been investigated. One mechanism by which developmental exposures may influence long-term health is through altered programming of DNA methylation. In this work, we utilized an established mouse model of human-relevant perinatal exposure and enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing to investigate the long-term effects of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) exposure on DNA methylation in the hearts of adult male and female offspring at 5 months of age (n = 5-7 mice per sex and exposure). Perinatal DEHP exposure led to hundreds of sex-specific, differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the heart. Pathway analysis of DMCs revealed enrichment for several pathways in females, including insulin signaling, regulation of histone methylation, and tyrosine phosphatase activity. In males, DMCs were enriched for glucose transport, energy generation, and developmental programs. Notably, many sex-specific genes differentially methylated with DEHP exposure in our mouse model were also differentially methylated in published data of heart tissues collected from human heart failure patients. Together, these data highlight the potential role for DNA methylation in DEHP-induced cardiac effects and emphasize the importance of sex as a biological variable in environmental health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K Svoboda
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Raymond G Cavalcante
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kari Neier
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maureen A Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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139
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Ibrahim A, Yucel N, Kim B, Arany Z. Local Mitochondrial ATP Production Regulates Endothelial Fatty Acid Uptake and Transport. Cell Metab 2020; 32:309-319.e7. [PMID: 32521232 PMCID: PMC7415739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Most organs use fatty acids (FAs) as a key nutrient, but little is known of how blood-borne FAs traverse the endothelium to reach underlying tissues. We conducted a small-molecule screen and identified niclosamide as a suppressor of endothelial FA uptake and transport. Structure/activity relationship studies demonstrated that niclosamide acts through mitochondrial uncoupling. Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation and the ATP/ADP translocase also suppressed FA uptake, pointing principally to ATP production. Decreasing total cellular ATP by blocking glycolysis did not decrease uptake, indicating that specifically mitochondrial ATP is required. Endothelial FA uptake is promoted by fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) via its ATP-dependent acyl-CoA synthetase activity. Confocal microscopy revealed that FATP4 resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and that endothelial ER is intimately juxtaposed with mitochondria. Together, these data indicate that mitochondrial ATP production, but not total ATP levels, drives endothelial FA uptake and transport via acyl-CoA formation in mitochondrial/ER microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayon Ibrahim
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nora Yucel
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Boa Kim
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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140
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Drury J, Rychahou PG, He D, Jafari N, Wang C, Lee EY, Weiss HL, Evers BM, Zaytseva YY. Inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthase Upregulates Expression of CD36 to Sustain Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1185. [PMID: 32850342 PMCID: PMC7411002 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase, a key enzyme of de novo lipogenesis, is an attractive therapeutic target in cancer. The novel fatty acid synthase inhibitor, TVB-3664, shows anti-cancer activity in multiple cancers including colorectal cancer; however, it is unclear whether uptake of exogeneous fatty acids can compensate for the effect of fatty acid synthase inhibition. This study demonstrates that inhibition of fatty acid synthase selectively upregulates fatty acid translocase (CD36), a fatty acid transporter, in multiple colorectal cancer models including colorectal cancer cells with shRNA mediated knockdown of fatty acid synthase and genetically modified mouse tissues with heterozygous and homozygous deletion of fatty acid synthase. Furthermore, human colorectal cancer tissues treated with TVB-3664 show a significant and selective upregulation of CD36 mRNA. shRNA-mediated knockdown of CD36 and inhibition of CD36 via sulfosuccinimidyl oleate, a chemical inhibitor of CD36, decreased cell proliferation in vitro and reduced tumor growth in subcutaneous xenograft models. Isogenic cell populations established from patient derived xenografts and expressing high levels of CD36 show a significantly increased ability to grow tumors in vivo. The tumor-promoting effect of CD36 is associated with an increase in the levels of pAkt and survivin. Importantly, combinatorial treatment of primary and established colorectal cancer cells with TVB-3664 and sulfosuccinimidyl oleate shows a synergistic effect on cell proliferation. In summary, our study demonstrates that upregulation of CD36 expression is a potential compensatory mechanism for fatty acid synthase inhibition and that inhibition of CD36 can improve the efficacy of fatty acid synthase-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Drury
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Piotr G. Rychahou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Daheng He
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Naser Jafari
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Eun Y. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Heidi L. Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Bernard Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States,*Correspondence: Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva
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141
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Kyun S, Yoo C, Hashimoto T, Tomi H, Teramoto N, Kim J, Lim K. Effects of exogenous lactate administration on fat metabolism and glycogen synthesis factors in rats. Phys Act Nutr 2020; 24:1-5. [PMID: 32698255 PMCID: PMC7451839 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2020.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lactate has several beneficial roles as an energy resource and in metabolism. However, studies on the effects of oral administration of lactate on fat metabolism and glycogen synthesis are limited. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate how oral administration of lactate affects fat metabolism and glycogen synthesis factors at specific times (0, 30, 60, 120 min) after intake. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups as follows: the control group (0 min) was sacrificed immediately after oral lactate administration; the test groups were administered lactate (2 g/kg) and sacrificed after 30, 60, and 120 min. Skeletal muscle and liver mRNA expression of GLUT4, FAT/CD36, PDH, CS, PC and GYS2 was assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS GLUT4 and FAT/CD36 expression was significantly increased in skeletal muscle 120 min after lactate administration. PDH expression in skeletal muscle was altered at 30 and 120 min after lactate consumption, but was not significantly different compared to the control. CS, PC and GYS2 expression in liver was increased 60 min after lactate administration. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that exogenous lactate administration increases GLUT4 and FAT/CD36 expression in the muscle as well as glycogen synthase factors (PC, GYS2) in the liver after 60 min. Therefore, lactate supplementation may increase fat utilization as well as induce positive effects on glycogen synthesis in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Kyun
- Department of physical education, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Choongsung Yoo
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, TexasUSA
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport & Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, ShigaJapan
| | - Hironori Tomi
- Center for Regional Sustainability and Innovation, Kochi University, KochiJapan
| | | | - Jisu Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of physical education, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
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142
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Hasegawa S, Imai M, Yamasaki M, Takahashi N. Isolation and characterization of human acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase splice variants. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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143
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Turdo A, Porcelli G, D’Accardo C, Di Franco S, Verona F, Forte S, Giuffrida D, Memeo L, Todaro M, Stassi G. Metabolic Escape Routes of Cancer Stem Cells and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1436. [PMID: 32486505 PMCID: PMC7352619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although improvement in early diagnosis and treatment ameliorated life expectancy of cancer patients, metastatic disease still lacks effective therapeutic approaches. Resistance to anticancer therapies stems from the refractoriness of a subpopulation of cancer cells-termed cancer stem cells (CSCs)-which is endowed with tumor initiation and metastasis formation potential. CSCs are heterogeneous and diverge by phenotypic, functional and metabolic perspectives. Intrinsic as well as extrinsic stimuli dictated by the tumor microenvironment (TME)have critical roles in determining cell metabolic reprogramming from glycolytic toward an oxidative phenotype and vice versa, allowing cancer cells to thrive in adverse milieus. Crosstalk between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment occurs through the interchange of metabolites, miRNAs and exosomes that drive cancer cells metabolic adaptation. Herein, we identify the metabolic nodes of CSCs and discuss the latest advances in targeting metabolic demands of both CSCs and stromal cells with the scope of improving current therapies and preventing cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.T.); (C.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Gaetana Porcelli
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (S.D.F.); (F.V.)
| | - Caterina D’Accardo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.T.); (C.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (S.D.F.); (F.V.)
| | - Francesco Verona
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (S.D.F.); (F.V.)
| | - Stefano Forte
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), 95029 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (D.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Dario Giuffrida
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), 95029 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (D.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), 95029 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (D.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.T.); (C.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (S.D.F.); (F.V.)
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144
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Gu X, Li C, He J, Li S, Bazzano LA, Kinchen JM, Chen W, He H, Gu D, Kelly TN. Serum metabolites associate with lipid phenotypes among Bogalusa Heart Study participants. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:777-787. [PMID: 32131987 PMCID: PMC7524581 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dyslipidemia has been identified as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to identify metabolites and metabolite modules showing novel association with lipids among Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS) participants using untargeted metabolomics. METHODS AND RESULTS Untargeted ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy was used to quantify serum metabolites of 1 243 BHS participants (816 whites and 427 African-Americans). The association of single metabolites with lipids was assessed using multiple linear regression models to adjust for covariables. Weighted correlation network analysis was utilized to identify modules of co-abundant metabolites and examine their covariable adjusted correlations with lipids. All analyses were conducted according to race and using Bonferroni-corrected α-thresholds to determine statistical significance. Thirteen metabolites with known biochemical identities showing novel association achieved Bonferroni-significance, p < 1.04 × 10-5, and showed consistent effect directions in both whites and African-Americans. Twelve were from lipid sub-pathways including fatty acid metabolism (arachidonoylcholine, dihomo-linolenoyl-choline, docosahexaenoylcholine, linoleoylcholine, oleoylcholine, palmitoylcholine, and stearoylcholine), monohydroxy fatty acids (2-hydroxybehenate, 2-hydroxypalmitate, and 2-hydroxystearate), and lysoplasmalogens [1-(1-enyl-oleoyl)-GPE (P-18:1) and 1-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-GPE (P-18:0)]. The gamma-glutamylglutamine, peptide from the gamma-glutamyl amino acid sub-pathway, were also identified. In addition, four metabolite modules achieved Bonferroni-significance, p < 1.39 × 10-3, in both whites and African-Americans. These four modules were largely comprised of metabolites from lipid sub-pathways, with one module comprised of metabolites which were not identified in the single metabolite analyses. CONCLUSION The current study identified 13 metabolites and 4 metabolite modules showing novel association with lipids, providing new insights into the physiological mechanisms regulating lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GE, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shengxu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hua He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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145
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Experimental Activation of Endocannabinoid System Reveals Antilipotoxic Effects on Cardiac Myocytes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081932. [PMID: 32326330 PMCID: PMC7221735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension coincides with myocardial alternations in lipid (including sphingolipids) and glucose metabolism. The latest data indicate that accumulation of metabolically active lipids, especially ceramide (CER) and diacylglycerol (DAG) significantly influences intracellular signaling pathways along with inducing insulin resistance. Since, it was demonstrated that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) affects myocardial metabolism it seems to be a relevant tool in alleviating metabolic disturbances within the cardiac muscle due to hypertension. All designed experiments were conducted on the animal model of primary hypertension, i.e., spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) with chronic ECS activation by injections of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor—URB597. Lipid analyses were performed using chromatography techniques (gas liquid, thin layer, and high performance liquid chromatography). Colorimetric and immunoenzymatic testes were applied in order to determine plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose. Total myocardial expression of selected proteins was measured by Western blotting and/or immunohistochemistry methods. SHRs exhibited significantly intensified myocardial de novo pathway of CER synthesis as well as DAG accumulation compared to the control Wistar Kyoto rats. Besides, intramyocardial level of potentially cardioprotective sphingolipid, i.e., sphingosine-1-phosphate was considerably decreased in SHRs, whereas URB597 treatment restored the level of this derivative. Unexpectedly, ECS upregulation protected overloaded cardiac muscle against CER and DAG accumulation. Moreover, chronic URB597 treatment improved intramyocardial insulin signaling pathways in both normotensive and hypertensive conditions. It seems that the enhanced ECS triggers protective mechanisms in the heart due to decreasing the level of lipid mediators of insulin resistance.
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Abstract
Currently, the prevention and treatment of CVD have been a global focus since CVD is the number one cause of mortality and morbidity. In the pathogenesis of CVD, it was generally thought that impaired cholesterol homeostasis might be a risk factor. Cholesterol homeostasis is affected by exogenous factors (i.e. diet) and endogenous factors (i.e. certain receptors, enzymes and transcription factors). In this context, the number of studies investigating the potential mechanisms of dietary fatty acids on cholesterol homeostasis have increased in recent years. As well, the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) receptor is a multifunctional membrane receptor involved in fatty acid uptake, lipid metabolism, atherothrombosis and inflammation. CD36 is proposed to be a crucial molecule for cholesterol homeostasis in various mechanisms including absorption/reabsorption, synthesis, and transport of cholesterol and bile acids. Moreover, it has been reported that the amount of fatty acids and fatty acid pattern of the diet influence the CD36 level and CD36-mediated cholesterol metabolism principally in the liver, intestine and macrophages. In these processes, CD36-mediated cholesterol and lipoprotein homeostasis might be impaired by dietary SFA and trans-fatty acids, whereas ameliorated by MUFA in the diet. The effects of PUFA on CD36-mediated cholesterol homeostasis are controversial depending on the amount of n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA, and the n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio. Thus, since the CD36 receptor is suggested to be a novel nutrient-sensitive biomarker, the role of CD36 and dietary fatty acids in cholesterol metabolism might be considered in medical nutrition therapy in the near future. Therefore, the novel nutritional target of CD36 and interventions that focus on dietary fatty acids and potential mechanisms underlying cholesterol homeostasis are discussed in this review.
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147
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Moon JS, Karunakaran U, Suma E, Chung SM, Won KC. The Role of CD36 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: β-Cell Dysfunction and Beyond. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:222-233. [PMID: 32347024 PMCID: PMC7188969 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired β-cell function is the key pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and chronic exposure of nutrient excess could lead to this tragedy. For preserving β-cell function, it is essential to understand the cause and mechanisms about the progression of β-cells failure. Glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and glucolipotoxicity have been suggested to be a major cause of β-cell dysfunction for decades, but not yet fully understood. Fatty acid translocase cluster determinant 36 (CD36), which is part of the free fatty acid (FFA) transporter system, has been identified in several tissues such as muscle, liver, and insulin-producing cells. Several studies have reported that induction of CD36 increases uptake of FFA in several cells, suggesting the functional interplay between glucose and FFA in terms of insulin secretion and oxidative metabolism. However, we do not currently know the regulating mechanism and physiological role of CD36 on glucolipotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells. Also, the downstream and upstream targets of CD36 related signaling have not been defined. In the present review, we will focus on the expression and function of CD36 related signaling in the pancreatic β-cells in response to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia (ceramide) along with the clinical studies on the association between CD36 and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Elumalai Suma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Min Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyu Chang Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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148
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Romaguera R, Salinas P, Brugaletta S, Gomez-Lara J, Díaz JF, Romero MA, García-Blas S, Ocaranza R, Borde P, Jiménez Kockar M, Millan Segovia R, Íñiguez A, Alameda M, Trillo R, Lee DH, Martín P, López-Benito M, Frutos A, Moreu J, Hernández-Hernández F, García Del Blanco B, Roura G, Rossello X, Pocock SJ, Fernández-Ortiz A, Sabate M, Gómez-Hospital JA. Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents in Diabetes (SUGAR) trial: Rationale and study design. Am Heart J 2020; 222:174-182. [PMID: 32087418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Romaguera
- Hospital de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pablo Salinas
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Josep Gomez-Lara
- Hospital de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mar Alameda
- Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Dae Hyun Lee
- Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José Moreu
- Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | | | | | - Gerard Roura
- Hospital de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Rossello
- Clinical Trials Coordination Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovaculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- Department of Biostatistics, London, School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Antonio Fernández-Ortiz
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manel Sabate
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J A Gómez-Hospital
- Hospital de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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149
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Markovic MA, Srikrishnaraj A, Tsang D, Brubaker PL. Requirement for the intestinal epithelial insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in the intestinal responses to glucagon-like peptide-2 and dietary fat. FASEB J 2020; 34:6628-6640. [PMID: 32212202 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000169r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal hormone, glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), enhances the enterocyte chylomicron production. However, GLP-2 is known to require the intestinal-epithelial insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IE-IGF-1R) for its other actions to increase intestinal growth and barrier function. The role of the IE-IGF-1R in enterocyte lipid handling was thus tested in the GLP-2 signaling pathway, as well as in response to a Western diet (WD). IE-IGF-1R knockout (KO) and control mice were treated for 11 days with h(GLY2 )GLP-2 or fed a WD for 18 weeks followed by a duodenal fat tolerance test with C14 -labeled triolein. Human Caco-2BBE cells were treated with an IGF-1R antagonist or signaling inhibitors to determine triglyceride-associated protein expression. The IE-IGF-1R was required for GLP-2-induced increases in CD36 and FATP-4 in chow-fed mice, and for expression in vitro; FATP-4 also required PI3K/Akt. Although WD-fed IE-IGF-1R KO mice demonstrated normal CD36 expression, the protein was incorrectly localized 2h post-duodenal fat administration. IE-IGF-1R KO also prevented the WD-induced increase in MTP and decrease in APOC3, increased jejunal mucosal C14 -fat accumulation, and elevated plasma triglyceride and C14 -fat levels. Collectively, these studies elucidate new roles for the IE-IGF-1R in enterocyte lipid handling, under basal conditions and in response to GLP-2 and WD-feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Derek Tsang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia L Brubaker
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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150
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Luiken JJFP, Nabben M, Neumann D, Glatz JFC. Understanding the distinct subcellular trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4 during the development of myocardial insulin resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165775. [PMID: 32209364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CD36 and GLUT4 are the main cardiac trans-sarcolemmal transporters for long-chain fatty acids and glucose, respectively. Together they secure the majority of cardiac energy demands. Moreover, these transporters each represent key governing kinetic steps in cardiac fatty acid and glucose fluxes, thereby offering major sites of regulation. The underlying mechanism of this regulation involves a perpetual vesicle-mediated trafficking (recycling) of both transporters between intracellular stores (endosomes) and the cell surface. In the healthy heart, CD36 and GLUT4 translocation to the cell surface is under short-term control of the same physiological stimuli, most notably increased contraction and insulin secretion. However, under chronic lipid overload, a condition that accompanies a Western lifestyle, CD36 and GLUT4 recycling are affected distinctly, with CD36 being expelled to the sarcolemma while GLUT4 is imprisoned within the endosomes. Moreover, the increased CD36 translocation towards the cell surface is a key early step, setting the heart on a route towards insulin resistance and subsequent contractile dysfunction. Therefore, the proteins making up the trafficking machinery of CD36 need to be identified with special focus to the differences with the protein composition of the GLUT4 trafficking machinery. These proteins that are uniquely dedicated to either CD36 or GLUT4 traffic may offer targets to rectify aberrant substrate uptake seen in the lipid-overloaded heart. Specifically, CD36-dedicated trafficking regulators should be inhibited, whereas such GLUT4-dedicated proteins would need to be activated. Recent advances in the identification of CD36-dedicated trafficking proteins have disclosed the involvement of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase and of specific vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMPs). In this review, we summarize these recent findings and sketch a roadmap of CD36 and GLUT4 trafficking compatible with experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dietbert Neumann
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands
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