101
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Oo YH, Ackrill S, Cole R, Jenkins L, Anderson P, Jeffery HC, Jones N, Jeffery LE, Lutz P, Wawman RE, Athwal AK, Thompson J, Gray J, Guo K, Barton D, Hirschfield GM, Wong T, Guest P, Adams DH. Liver homing of clinical grade Tregs after therapeutic infusion in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. JHEP Rep 2019; 1:286-296. [PMID: 32039380 PMCID: PMC7001578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated disease with no curative treatment. Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy is potentially curative in AIH given the critical role of Tregs in preventing autoimmunity. To work effectively, adoptively transferred Tregs must migrate to and survive within the inflamed liver. We conducted a proof-of-concept study aiming to assess the safety and liver-homing properties of good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade autologous Tregs in patients with AIH. METHODS Autologous polyclonal GMP-grade Tregs were isolated using leukapheresis and CliniMACS, labelled with indium tropolonate and re-infused intravenously to 4 patients with AIH. GMP-Treg homing to the liver was investigated with longitudinal gamma camera and SPECT-CT scanning. GMP-Treg immunophenotype, function and immunometabolic state were assessed during the study. RESULTS We observed that the isolated Tregs were suppressive and expressed CXCR3, a chemokine receptor involved in recruitment into the inflamed liver, as well as Treg functional markers CD39, CTLA-4 and the transcription factor Foxp3. Serial gamma camera and SPECT-CT imaging demonstrated that 22-44% of infused Tregs homed to and were retained in the livers of patients with autoimmune hepatitis for up to 72 h. The infused cells did not localise to any off-target organs other than the spleen and bone marrow. GMP-Tregs were metabolically competent and there were no infusion reactions or high-grade adverse effects after Treg infusion. CONCLUSION Our novel findings suggest that the liver is a good target organ for Treg cellular therapy, supporting the development of clinical trials to test efficacy in autoimmune hepatitis and other autoimmune liver diseases. LAY SUMMARY Autoimmune liver diseases occur when the body's immune cells target their own liver cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent autoimmunity, thus they are a potential therapy for autoimmune liver diseases. In patients with autoimmune hepatitis, Treg infusion is safe, with nearly a quarter of infused Tregs homing to the liver and suppressing tissue-damaging effector T cells. Thus, Tregs are a potentially curative immune cell therapy for early autoimmune liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Htun Oo
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre
- Liver Transplant and Hepato-biliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Ackrill
- Clinical Radiopharmacy, Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust; Birmingham
| | - Richard Cole
- Clinical Radiopharmacy, Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust; Birmingham
| | - Lee Jenkins
- Clinical Radiopharmacy, Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust; Birmingham
| | - Philip Anderson
- Clinical Radiopharmacy, Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust; Birmingham
| | - Hannah C. Jeffery
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea
| | - Louisa E. Jeffery
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham
| | - Philipp Lutz
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham
| | - Rebecca E. Wawman
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham
| | | | | | - Joanna Gray
- National Institute of Health Research Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Birmingham
| | - Kathy Guo
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust
| | - Darren Barton
- Cancer Research Clinical Trial Unit, University of Birmingham
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Timothy Wong
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust
| | - Peter Guest
- Clinical Radiopharmacy, Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust; Birmingham
| | - David H. Adams
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre
- Liver Transplant and Hepato-biliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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102
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Islet Allotransplantation in the Bone Marrow of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Randomized Trial. Transplantation 2019; 103:839-851. [PMID: 30130323 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results in murine and nonhuman primate suggested that the bone marrow (BM) might be an alternative site for pancreatic islet transplantation. METHODS We report the results of 2 clinical studies in patients with type 1 diabetes receiving an intra-BM allogeneic islet transplantation: a feasibility study in patients with hepatic contraindications for liver islet allotransplantation receiving a single intra-BM islet infusion (n = 4) and a pilot randomized trial (1:1 allocation using blocks of size 6) in which patients were randomized to receive islets into either the liver (n = 6) or BM (n = 3) to evaluate islet transplant function and survival. RESULTS We observed no adverse events related to the intrabone injection procedure or the presence of islets in the BM. None of the recipient of an intra-BM allogeneic islet transplantation had a primary nonfunction, as shown by measurable posttransplantation C-peptide levels and histopathological evidence of insulin-producing cells or molecular markers of endocrine tissue in BM biopsy samples collected during follow-up. All patients receiving islets in the BM except 1 lost islet function during the first 4 months after infusion (2 with an early graft loss). Based on biopsies and immunomonitoring, we concluded that the islet loss was primarily caused by the recurrence of autoimmunity. CONCLUSIONS Bone marrow is not a suitable alternative site for pancreatic islet allotransplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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103
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Pacella I, Piconese S. Immunometabolic Checkpoints of Treg Dynamics: Adaptation to Microenvironmental Opportunities and Challenges. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1889. [PMID: 31507585 PMCID: PMC6718556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, immunologists have started to consider intracellular metabolism in relation with the dynamics and functions of immune cells, especially when it became clear that microenvironmental alterations were associated with immune dysfunctions. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are equipped with a variety of immunological and metabolic sensors, and encompass circulating as well as tissue-resident cells, being therefore particularly susceptible to microenvironmental cues. Moreover, Tregs undergo metabolic reprogramming over the course of an immune response, allowing the use of alternate substrates and engaging different metabolic pathways for energetic demands. The study of metabolic mechanisms supporting Treg dynamics has led to puzzling results, due to several limitations, including the heterogeneity of population in the same tissues and between different tissues, the difficulty in considering all the interconnected metabolic pathways during a cellular process, and the differences between in vitro and in vivo conditions. Therefore, Treg reliance on different metabolic routes (oxidation rather than glycolysis) has been a matter of controversy in recent years. Metabolic reprogramming and altered bioenergetics are now identified as hallmarks in cancer, and are employed by cancer cells to determine the availability of metabolites and molecules, thus affecting the fate of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In particular, the tumor microenvironment forces a metabolic restriction and a plethora of synergistic intrinsic and extrinsic stresses, leading to an impaired anti-tumor immunity and favoring Treg generation, expansion, and suppressive function. This leads to the understanding that Tregs and conventional T cells have different capability to adapt to metabolic hurdles. Considering the role of Tregs in dictating the outcome of tumor-specific responses, it would be important to understand the specific Treg metabolic profile that provides an advantage at the tumor site, to finally identify new targets for therapy. In this review, we will report and discuss the major recent findings about the metabolic pathways required for Treg development, expansion, migration and functions, in relation to tissue-derived signals. We will focus on the adipose tissue and the liver, where Tregs are exposed to a variety of metabolites, and on the tumor microenvironment as the context where Tregs develop the ability to adapt to perturbations in nutrient accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Pacella
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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104
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Regulatory T cells in cancer immunosuppression - implications for anticancer therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 16:356-371. [PMID: 30705439 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-019-0175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 869] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells, an immunosuppressive subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by the expression of the master transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3), are a component of the immune system with essential roles in maintaining self-tolerance. In addition, Treg cells can suppress anticancer immunity, thereby hindering protective immunosurveillance of neoplasia and hampering effective antitumour immune responses in tumour-bearing hosts, thus promoting tumour development and progression. Identification of the factors that are specifically expressed in Treg cells and/or that influence Treg cell homeostasis and function is important to understanding cancer pathogenesis and to identifying therapeutic targets. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have provided a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer. Most immune-checkpoint molecules are expressed in Treg cells, but the effects of ICIs on Treg cells, and thus the contributions of these cells to treatment responses, remain unclear. Notably, evidence indicates that ICIs targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) might enhance the immunosuppressive function of Treg cells, whereas cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors might deplete these cells. Thus, although manipulation of Treg cells is a promising anticancer therapeutic strategy, approaches to controlling these cells require further research. Herein, we discuss novel insights into the roles of Treg cells in cancer, which can hopefully be used to develop Treg cell-targeted therapies and facilitate immune precision medicine.
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105
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Madel MB, Ibáñez L, Wakkach A, de Vries TJ, Teti A, Apparailly F, Blin-Wakkach C. Immune Function and Diversity of Osteoclasts in Normal and Pathological Conditions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1408. [PMID: 31275328 PMCID: PMC6594198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCLs) are key players in controlling bone remodeling. Modifications in their differentiation or bone resorbing activity are associated with a number of pathologies ranging from osteopetrosis to osteoporosis, chronic inflammation and cancer, that are all characterized by immunological alterations. Therefore, the 2000s were marked by the emergence of osteoimmunology and by a growing number of studies focused on the control of OCL differentiation and function by the immune system. At the same time, it was discovered that OCLs are much more than bone resorbing cells. As monocytic lineage-derived cells, they belong to a family of cells that displays a wide heterogeneity and plasticity and that is involved in phagocytosis and innate immune responses. However, while OCLs have been extensively studied for their bone resorption capacity, their implication as immune cells was neglected for a long time. In recent years, new evidence pointed out that OCLs play important roles in the modulation of immune responses toward immune suppression or inflammation. They unlocked their capacity to modulate T cell activation, to efficiently process and present antigens as well as their ability to activate T cell responses in an antigen-dependent manner. Moreover, similar to other monocytic lineage cells such as macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, OCLs display a phenotypic and functional plasticity participating to their anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory effect depending on their cell origin and environment. This review will address this novel vision of the OCL, not only as a phagocyte specialized in bone resorption, but also as innate immune cell participating in the control of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Bernadette Madel
- CNRS, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, UMR7370, Nice, France.,Faculé de Médecine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Lidia Ibáñez
- Department of Pharmacy, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, València, Spain
| | - Abdelilah Wakkach
- CNRS, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, UMR7370, Nice, France.,Faculé de Médecine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Univeristeit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Claudine Blin-Wakkach
- CNRS, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, UMR7370, Nice, France.,Faculé de Médecine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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106
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Wu V, Yeerna H, Nohata N, Chiou J, Harismendy O, Raimondi F, Inoue A, Russell RB, Tamayo P, Gutkind JS. Illuminating the Onco-GPCRome: Novel G protein-coupled receptor-driven oncocrine networks and targets for cancer immunotherapy. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11062-11086. [PMID: 31171722 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.005601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest gene family of cell membrane-associated molecules mediating signal transmission, and their involvement in key physiological functions is well-established. The ability of GPCRs to regulate a vast array of fundamental biological processes, such as cardiovascular functions, immune responses, hormone and enzyme release from endocrine and exocrine glands, neurotransmission, and sensory perception (e.g. vision, odor, and taste), is largely due to the diversity of these receptors and the layers of their downstream signaling circuits. Dysregulated expression and aberrant functions of GPCRs have been linked to some of the most prevalent human diseases, which renders GPCRs one of the top targets for pharmaceutical drug development. However, the study of the role of GPCRs in tumor biology has only just begun to make headway. Recent studies have shown that GPCRs can contribute to the many facets of tumorigenesis, including proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, therapy resistance, and immune evasion. Indeed, GPCRs are widely dysregulated in cancer and yet are underexploited in oncology. We present here a comprehensive analysis of GPCR gene expression, copy number variation, and mutational signatures in 33 cancer types. We also highlight the emerging role of GPCRs as part of oncocrine networks promoting tumor growth, dissemination, and immune evasion, and we stress the potential benefits of targeting GPCRs and their signaling circuits in the new era of precision medicine and cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Huwate Yeerna
- Department of Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Nijiro Nohata
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Joshua Chiou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Department of Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093.,Department of Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- CellNetworks, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Robert B Russell
- CellNetworks, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Department of Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
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107
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Zhang B, Wu C, Zhang Z, Yan K, Li C, Li Y, Li L. CXCL12 is associated with FoxP3 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and affects the survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1099-1106. [PMID: 31423170 PMCID: PMC6607391 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) suggests that cancer is a disease with not only a genetic, but also an immunological basis. Additionally, immune cell infiltration is an important feature of oral cancer. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) serves an important role in immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the present study investigated how CXCL12 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was associated with clinicopathological parameters and TILs distribution. Complete CXCL12, TIL and clinical data were available for 45 patients with oral cancer treated by surgery. Expression levels of CXCL12, CD8+ TILs and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3+) TILs were assessed by immunohistochemistry in OSCC samples. CXCL12 expression in OSCC cells was observed in 32 (68.9%) cases and was associated with poor differentiation (P=0.045), advanced stages (P<0.001), tumor recurrence (P=0.011), poor overall survival (P=0.0476) and a higher density of FoxP3+ TILs (P<0.001). The CD8+/FoxP3+ ratio was lower in patients with poor differentiation (P=0.034), advanced stage tumors (P=0.015) and tumor recurrence (P=0.002). In addition, the ratio of CD8+/FoxP3+ TILs was significantly associated with the 5-year overall survival rate (P<0.001). The CD8+/FoxP3+ ratio was indicated to be a stronger prognostic indicator compared with the density of FoxP3+ TILs or CD8+ TILs. The present study identified an association between increased CXCL12 expression and FoxP3+ cell infiltration in OSCC. Targeting the CXCL12/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 axis in OSCC may be employed as a novel strategy of tumor immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chenzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Kaixiao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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108
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Cossío I, Lucas D, Hidalgo A. Neutrophils as regulators of the hematopoietic niche. Blood 2019; 133:2140-2148. [PMID: 30898859 PMCID: PMC6524561 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-10-844571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The niche that supports hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow is a highly dynamic structure. It maintains core properties of HSPCs in the steady state, and modulates their proliferation and differentiation in response to changing physiological demands or pathological insults. The dynamic and environment-sensing properties of the niche are shared by the innate immune system. Thus, it is not surprising that innate immune cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, are now recognized as important regulators of the hematopoietic niche and, ultimately, of the stem cells from which they derive. This review synthesizes emerging concepts on niche regulation by immune cells, with a particular emphasis on neutrophils. We argue that the unique developmental, circadian, and migratory properties of neutrophils underlie their critical contributions as regulators of the hematopoietic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Cossío
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lucas
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; and
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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109
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Li Z, Shen Y, Wang Y, Zhu L, Zhu C, Qian C, Sun M, Oupicky D. Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions for Combined Pulmonary siRNA Treatment of Lung Metastatic Osteosarcoma. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesDepartment of PharmaceuticsChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yuexin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesDepartment of PharmaceuticsChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesDepartment of PharmaceuticsChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Lianghan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesDepartment of PharmaceuticsChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Chenfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesDepartment of PharmaceuticsChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Chenggen Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesDepartment of PharmaceuticsChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Minjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesDepartment of PharmaceuticsChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - David Oupicky
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesDepartment of PharmaceuticsChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- Center for Drug Delivery and NanomedicineDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198 USA
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110
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Wang Y, Dembowsky K, Chevalier E, Stüve P, Korf-Klingebiel M, Lochner M, Napp LC, Frank H, Brinkmann E, Kanwischer A, Bauersachs J, Gyöngyösi M, Sparwasser T, Wollert KC. C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 Blockade Promotes Tissue Repair After Myocardial Infarction by Enhancing Regulatory T Cell Mobilization and Immune-Regulatory Function. Circulation 2019; 139:1798-1812. [PMID: 30696265 PMCID: PMC6467561 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (MI) elicits an inflammatory response that drives tissue repair and adverse cardiac remodeling. Inflammatory cell trafficking after MI is controlled by C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its receptor, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). CXCR4 antagonists mobilize inflammatory cells and promote infarct repair, but the cellular mechanisms are unclear. METHODS We investigated the therapeutic potential and mode of action of the peptidic macrocycle CXCR4 antagonist POL5551 in mice with reperfused MI. We applied cell depletion and adoptive transfer strategies using lymphocyte-deficient Rag1 knockout mice; DEREG mice, which express a diphtheria toxin receptor-enhanced green fluorescent protein fusion protein under the control of the promoter/enhancer region of the regulatory T (Treg) cell-restricted Foxp3 transcription factor; and dendritic cell-depleted CD11c-Cre iDTR mice. Translational potential was explored in a porcine model of reperfused MI using serial contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Intraperitoneal POL5551 injections in wild-type mice (8 mg/kg at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days) enhanced angiogenesis in the infarct border zone, reduced scar size, and attenuated left ventricular remodeling and contractile dysfunction at 28 days. Treatment effects were absent in splenectomized wild-type mice, Rag1 knockout mice, and Treg cell-depleted DEREG mice. Conversely, treatment effects could be transferred into infarcted splenectomized wild-type mice by transplanting splenic Treg cells from POL5551-treated infarcted DEREG mice. Instructive cues provided by infarct-primed dendritic cells were required for POL5551 treatment effects. POL5551 injections mobilized Treg cells into the peripheral blood, followed by enhanced Treg cell accumulation in the infarcted region. Neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes displayed similar mobilization kinetics, but their cardiac recruitment was not affected. POL5551, however, attenuated inflammatory gene expression in monocytes and macrophages in the infarcted region via Treg cells. Intravenous infusion of the clinical-stage POL5551 analogue POL6326 (3 mg/kg at 4, 6, 8, and 10 days) decreased infarct volume and improved left ventricular ejection fraction in pigs. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm CXCR4 blockade as a promising treatment strategy after MI. We identify dendritic cell-primed splenic Treg cells as the central arbiters of these therapeutic effects and thereby delineate a pharmacological strategy to promote infarct repair by augmenting Treg cell function in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy
- Myocardial Infarction/immunology
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardium/immunology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Proteins/pharmacology
- Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Recovery of Function
- Signal Transduction
- Sus scrofa
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology (Y.W., M.K.-K., H.F., E.B., A.K., K.C.W.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (Y.W., M.K.-K., L.C.N., H.F., E.B., A.K., J.B., K.C.W.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | | | - Philipp Stüve
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Hannover, Germany (P.S., M.L., T.S.)
- The current affiliation for P.S. and T.S. is Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Mortimer Korf-Klingebiel
- Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology (Y.W., M.K.-K., H.F., E.B., A.K., K.C.W.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (Y.W., M.K.-K., L.C.N., H.F., E.B., A.K., J.B., K.C.W.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Matthias Lochner
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Hannover, Germany (P.S., M.L., T.S.)
| | - L. Christian Napp
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (Y.W., M.K.-K., L.C.N., H.F., E.B., A.K., J.B., K.C.W.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Heike Frank
- Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology (Y.W., M.K.-K., H.F., E.B., A.K., K.C.W.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (Y.W., M.K.-K., L.C.N., H.F., E.B., A.K., J.B., K.C.W.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Eva Brinkmann
- Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology (Y.W., M.K.-K., H.F., E.B., A.K., K.C.W.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (Y.W., M.K.-K., L.C.N., H.F., E.B., A.K., J.B., K.C.W.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Anna Kanwischer
- Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology (Y.W., M.K.-K., H.F., E.B., A.K., K.C.W.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (Y.W., M.K.-K., L.C.N., H.F., E.B., A.K., J.B., K.C.W.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (Y.W., M.K.-K., L.C.N., H.F., E.B., A.K., J.B., K.C.W.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (M.G.)
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Hannover, Germany (P.S., M.L., T.S.)
- The current affiliation for P.S. and T.S. is Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Kai C. Wollert
- Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology (Y.W., M.K.-K., H.F., E.B., A.K., K.C.W.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (Y.W., M.K.-K., L.C.N., H.F., E.B., A.K., J.B., K.C.W.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
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Wang K, Lv M, Chang YJ, Zhao XY, Zhao XS, Zhang YY, Sun YQ, Wang ZD, Suo P, Zhou Y, Liu D, Zhai SZ, Hong Y, Wang Y, Zhang XH, Xu LP, Liu KY, Huang XJ. Early myeloid-derived suppressor cells (HLA-DR -/ lowCD33 +CD16 -) expanded by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor prevent acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in humanized mouse and might contribute to lower GVHD in patients post allo-HSCT. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:31. [PMID: 30885244 PMCID: PMC6423891 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are proposed to control graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, the definition of human MDSCs has not yet reached consensus, and the mechanism of MDSCs to control GVHD remains unclear. Methods Immature myeloid cells (HLA-DR−/lowCD33+CD16−) were tested before and after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration in healthy donor and isolated for suppression assays and co-culture with T cells in vitro. Isolated cells were infused in humanized mice for a xenogeneic model of acute GVHD. One hundred allo-HSCT recipients were enrolled prospectively to assess the role of HLA-DR−/lowCD33+CD16− cells in grafts on the occurrence of acute GVHD. Results In the present study, G-CSF mobilized HLA-DR−/lowCD33+CD16− cells with immunosuppressive properties in donor peripheral blood. These cells contained more interleukin-10+ and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)+ cells after G-CSF administration and inhibited the proliferation of autologous donor T cells in a TGF-β-dependent manner. Meanwhile, these immature myeloid cells promoted regulatory T cell expansion and induced Th2 differentiation. Importantly, these cells prevented acute GVHD in a humanized mouse model. Moreover, clinical cohort results showed that the number of HLA-DR−/lowCD33+CD16− cells in the donor graft was the only independent risk factor inversely correlated with the incidence of grade II–IV acute GVHD in the recipients (HR 0.388, 95% CI 0.158–0.954, p = 0.039). Conclusion HLA-DR−/lowCD33+CD16− cells represent functional MDSCs that may control acute GVHD in allo-HSCT. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-019-0710-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.,Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Su Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yu-Qian Sun
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Pan Suo
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Zhai
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yan Hong
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China. .,Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China.
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CD4 +CD25 highCD127 low/-FoxP 3 + Regulatory T-Cell Population in Acute Leukemias: A Review of the Literature. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:2816498. [PMID: 30944830 PMCID: PMC6421759 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2816498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are a very important subtype of lymphocytes when it comes to self-control in the human immunological system. Tregs are decisive not only in the protection against destruction of own tissues by autoimmune immunocompetent cells but also in the immunological answer to developing cancers. On the other hand, Tregs could be responsible for the progression of acute and chronic leukemias. In our study, we review publications available in the PUMED database concerning acute leukemia, with a particular emphasis on child's leukemias. The percentage of regulatory T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood and bone marrow was elevated compared to those in healthy individuals and correlated with progressive disease. Regulatory T-cells taken from children diagnosed with leukemia showed a higher suppressive capability, which was confirmed by detecting elevated levels of secreted IL-10 and TGF-beta. The possibility of pharmacological intervention in the self-control of the immunological system is now under extensive investigation in many human cancers. Presumably, Treg cells could be a vital part of targeted therapies. Routine Treg determination could be used to assess the severity of disease and prognosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This proposition results from the fact that in some studies, higher percentage of Treg cells in peripheral blood was demonstrated. However, observations confirming these facts are scarce; thus, extrapolating them to the population of children with hematological malignancies needs to be verified in additional studies.
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Betto T, Amano H, Ito Y, Eshima K, Yoshida T, Matsui Y, Yamane S, Inoue T, Otaka F, Kobayashi K, Koizumi W, Shibuya M, Majima M. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 tyrosine kinase signaling facilitates healing of DSS-induced colitis by accumulation of Tregs in ulcer area. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:131-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Vilgelm AE, Richmond A. Chemokines Modulate Immune Surveillance in Tumorigenesis, Metastasis, and Response to Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:333. [PMID: 30873179 PMCID: PMC6400988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small secreted proteins that orchestrate migration and positioning of immune cells within the tissues. Chemokines are essential for the function of the immune system. Accumulating evidence suggest that chemokines play important roles in tumor microenvironment. In this review we discuss an association of chemokine expression and activity within the tumor microenvironment with cancer outcome. We summarize regulation of immune cell recruitment into the tumor by chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions and describe evidence implicating chemokines in promotion of the "inflamed" immune-cell enriched tumor microenvironment. We review both tumor-promoting function of chemokines, such as regulation of tumor metastasis, and beneficial chemokine roles, including stimulation of anti-tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic strategies target tumor-promoting chemokines or induce/deliver beneficial chemokines within the tumor focusing on pre-clinical studies and clinical trials going forward. The goal of this review is to provide insight into comprehensive role of chemokines and their receptors in tumor pathobiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Vilgelm
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ann Richmond
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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115
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Xiang L, Gilkes DM. The Contribution of the Immune System in Bone Metastasis Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040999. [PMID: 30823602 PMCID: PMC6412551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is associated with significant morbidity for cancer patients and results in a reduced quality of life. The bone marrow is a fertile soil containing a complex composition of immune cells that may actually provide an immune-privileged niche for disseminated tumor cells to colonize and proliferate. In this unique immune milieu, multiple immune cells including T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and neutrophils are involved in the process of bone metastasis. In this review, we will discuss the crosstalk between immune cells in bone microenvironment and their involvement with cancer cell metastasis to the bone. Furthermore, we will highlight the anti-tumoral and pro-tumoral function of each immune cell type that contributes to bone metastasis. We will end with a discussion of current therapeutic strategies aimed at sensitizing immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Daniele M Gilkes
- Breast & Ovarian Cancer Program, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Goedhart M, Gessel S, van der Voort R, Slot E, Lucas B, Gielen E, Hoogenboezem M, Rademakers T, Geerman S, van Buul JD, Huveneers S, Dolstra H, Anderson G, Voermans C, Nolte MA. CXCR4, but not CXCR3, drives CD8 + T-cell entry into and migration through the murine bone marrow. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:576-589. [PMID: 30707456 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The BM serves as a blood-forming organ, but also supports the maintenance and immune surveillance function of many T cells. Yet, in contrast to other organs, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that drive T-cell migration to and localization inside the BM. As BM accumulates many CXCR3-expressing memory CD8+ T cells, we tested the involvement of this chemokine receptor, but found that CXCR3 is not required for BM entry. In contrast, we could demonstrate that CXCR4, which is highly expressed on both naive and memory CD8+ T cells in BM, is critically important for homing of all CD8+ T-cell subsets to the BM in mice. Upon entry into the BM parenchyma, both naïve and memory CD8+ T cells locate close to sinusoidal vessels. Intravital imaging experiments revealed that CD8 T cells are surprisingly immobile and we found that they interact with ICAM-1+VCAM-1+BP-1+ perivascular stromal cells. These cells are the major source of CXCL12, but also express key survival factors and maintenance cytokines IL-7 and IL-15. We therefore conclude that CXCR4 is not only crucial for entry of CD8+ T cells into the BM, but also controls their subsequent localization toward BM niches that support their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Goedhart
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Gessel
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert van der Voort
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Slot
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beth Lucas
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ellis Gielen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Hoogenboezem
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Rademakers
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sulima Geerman
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Graham Anderson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carlijn Voermans
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Nolte
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kogan AA, Lapidus RG, Baer MR, Rassool FV. Exploiting epigenetically mediated changes: Acute myeloid leukemia, leukemia stem cells and the bone marrow microenvironment. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 141:213-253. [PMID: 30691684 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) derives from the clonal expansion of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow, and results in the disruption of normal hematopoiesis and subsequent bone marrow failure. The bone marrow microenvironment (BME) and its immune and other supporting cells are regarded to facilitate the survival, differentiation and proliferation of leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which enables AML cells to persist and expand despite treatment. Recent studies have identified epigenetic modifications among AML cells and BME constituents in AML, and have shown that epigenetic therapy can potentially reprogram these alterations. In this review, we summarize the interactions between the BME and LSCs, and discuss changes in how the BME and immune cells interact with AML cells. After describing the epigenetic modifications seen across chromatin, DNA, the BME, and the immune microenvironment, we explore how demethylating agents may reprogram these pathological interactions, and potentially re-sensitize AML cells to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksinija A Kogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria R Baer
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Feyruz V Rassool
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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118
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Harnessing CXCL12 signaling to protect and preserve functional β-cell mass and for cell replacement in type 1 diabetes. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 193:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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119
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Hoang TN, Harper JL, Pino M, Wang H, Micci L, King CT, McGary CS, McBrien JB, Cervasi B, Silvestri G, Paiardini M. Bone Marrow-Derived CD4 + T Cells Are Depleted in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques and Contribute to the Size of the Replication-Competent Reservoir. J Virol 2019; 93:e01344-18. [PMID: 30305357 PMCID: PMC6288341 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01344-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is the key anatomic site for hematopoiesis and plays a significant role in the homeostasis of mature T cells. However, very little is known on the phenotype of BM-derived CD4+ T cells, their fate during simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, and their contribution to viral persistence during antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this study, we characterized the immunologic and virologic status of BM-derived CD4+ T cells in rhesus macaques prior to SIV infection, during the early chronic phase of infection, and during ART. We found that BM memory CD4+ T cells are significantly depleted following SIV infection, at levels that are similar to those measured in the peripheral blood (PB). In addition, BM-derived memory CD4+ T cells include a high frequency of cells that express the coinhibitory receptors CTLA-4 and PD-1, two subsets previously shown to be enriched in the viral reservoir; these cells express Ki-67 at levels similar to or higher than the same cells in PB. Finally, when we analyzed SIV-infected RMs in which viral replication was effectively suppressed by 12 months of ART, we found that BM CD4+ T cells harbor SIV DNA and SIV RNA at levels comparable to those of PB CD4+ T cells, including replication-competent SIV. Thus, BM is a largely understudied anatomic site of the latent reservoir which contributes to viral persistence during ART and needs to be further characterized and targeted when designing therapies for a functional or sterilizing cure to HIV.IMPORTANCE The latent viral reservoir is one of the major obstacles in purging the immune system of HIV. It is paramount that we elucidate which anatomic compartments harbor replication-competent virus, which upon ART interruption results in viral rebound and pathogenesis. In this study, using the rhesus macaque model of SIV infection and ART, we examined the immunologic status of the BM and its role as a potential sanctuary for latent virus. We found that the BM compartment undergoes a similar depletion of memory CD4+ T cells as PB, and during ART treatment the BM-derived memory CD4+ T cells contain high levels of cells expressing CTLA-4 and PD-1, as well as amounts of cell-associated SIV DNA, SIV RNA, and replication-competent virus comparable to those in PB. These results enrich our understanding of which anatomic compartments harbor replication virus and suggest that BM-derived CD4+ T cells need to be targeted by therapeutic strategies aimed at achieving an HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Hoang
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Justin L Harper
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria Pino
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Luca Micci
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Colin T King
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Colleen S McGary
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julia B McBrien
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Barbara Cervasi
- Flow Cytometry Core, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Roato I, Vitale M. The Uncovered Role of Immune Cells and NK Cells in the Regulation of Bone Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:145. [PMID: 30930851 PMCID: PMC6423901 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the main metastatic sites of solid tumors like breast, lung, and prostate cancer. Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent the main target to counteract bone metastatization. These cells often localize in bone marrow (BM) at level of pre-metastatic niche: they can remain dormant for years or directly grow and create bone lesion, according to the different stimulations received in BM. The immune system in bone marrow is dampened and represents an appealing site for DTCs/CSCs. NK cells have an important role in controlling tumor progression, but their involvement in bone metastasis formation is an interesting and not fully investigated issue. Indeed, whether NK cells can interfere with CSC formation, kill them at the site of primary tumor, during circulation or in the pre-metastic niche needs to be elucidated. This review focuses on different aspects that regulate DTC/CSC life in bone and how NK cells potentially control bone metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Roato
- Center for Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ilaria Roato
| | - Massimo Vitale
- UOC Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Genoa, Italy
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Maccalli C, Tasian SK, Rutella S. Targeting Leukemia Stem Cells and the Immunological Bone Marrow Microenvironment. RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16624-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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122
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Fischer L, Herkner C, Kitte R, Dohnke S, Riewaldt J, Kretschmer K, Garbe AI. Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells in Bone and Hematopoietic Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:578. [PMID: 31551927 PMCID: PMC6746882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone represents surprisingly dynamic structures that are subject to constant remodeling by the concerted action of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts - two cell subsets of distinct developmental origin that are key in maintaining skeletal integrity throughout life. In general, abnormal bone remodeling due to dysregulated bone resorption and formation is an early event in the manifestation of various human bone diseases, such as osteopetrosis/osteoporosis and arthritis. But bone remodeling is also closely interrelated with lympho-hematopoietic homeostasis, as the bone marrow niche is formed by solid and trabecular bone structures that provide a framework for the long-term maintenance and differentiation of HSCs (>blood lineage cells and osteoclasts) and MSCs (>osteoblasts). Numerous studies in mice and humans have implicated innate and adaptive immune cells in the dynamic regulation of bone homeostasis, but despite considerable clinical relevance, the exact mechanisms of such immuno-bone interplay have remained incompletely understood. This holds particularly true for CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the lineage specification factor Foxp3: Foxp3+ Treg cells have been shown to play an indispensable role in maintaining immune homeostasis, but may also exert critical non-immune functions, which includes the control of metabolic and regenerative processes, as well as the differentiation of HSCs and function of osteoclasts. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on the T cell/bone interplay, with a particular emphasis on our own efforts to dissect the role of Foxp3+ Treg cells in bone and hematopoietic homeostasis, employing experimental settings of gain- and loss-of-Treg cell function. These data make a strong case that Foxp3+ Treg cells impinge on lympho-hematopoiesis through indirect mechanisms, i.e., by acting on osteoclast development and function, which translates into changes in niche size. Furthermore, we propose that, besides disorders that involve inflammatory bone loss, the modulation of Foxp3+ Treg cell function in vivo may represent a suitable approach to reinstate bone homeostasis in non-autoimmune settings of aberrant bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Fischer
- Osteoimmunology, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Caroline Herkner
- Osteoimmunology, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reni Kitte
- Osteoimmunology, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dohnke
- Osteoimmunology, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Riewaldt
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Kretschmer
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annette I. Garbe
- Osteoimmunology, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Annette I. Garbe
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123
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Abstract
Cysteine-X-cysteine chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a broadly expressed and multifunctional G protein-coupled chemokine receptor critical for organogenesis, hematopoiesis, and antimicrobial host defense. In the hematopoietic system, the binding of CXCR4 to its cognate chemokine ligand, CXCL12, mediates leukocyte trafficking, distribution, survival, activation, and proliferation. Warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant, combined immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations in the C-terminus of CXCR4 that prevent receptor downregulation and therefore result in pathologically increased signaling. The "M" in the acronym WHIM refers to myelokathexis, the retention of neutrophils in the bone marrow resulting in neutropenia, which explains in part the increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. However, WHIM patients also present with B and T lymphopenia, which may explain the susceptibility to human papillomavirus (HPV), the cause of warts. The impact of WHIM mutations on lymphocytes and adaptive immunity has received less attention than myelokathexis and is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamik Majumdar
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Philip M Murphy
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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124
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Jabeen S, Espinoza JA, Torland LA, Zucknick M, Kumar S, Haakensen VD, Lüders T, Engebraaten O, Børresen-Dale AL, Kyte JA, Gromov P, Naume B, Kristensen V, Gromova I, Tekpli X. Noninvasive profiling of serum cytokines in breast cancer patients and clinicopathological characteristics. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1537691. [PMID: 30713794 PMCID: PMC6343793 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1537691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers elicit an immune response by modifying the microenvironment. The immune system plays a pivotal role in cancer recognition and eradication. While the potential clinical value of infiltrating lymphocytes at the tumor site has been assessed in breast cancer, circulating cytokines – the molecules coordinating and fine-tuning immune response – are still poorly characterized. Using two breast cancer cohorts (MicMa, n = 131, DCTB, n = 28) and the multiplex Luminex platform, we measured the levels of 27 cytokines in the serum of breast cancer patients prior to treatment. We investigated the cytokine levels in relation to clinicopathological characteristics and in perspective of the tumor infiltrating immune cells predicted from the bulk mRNA expression data. Unsupervised clustering analysis of the serum cytokine levels in the MicMa cohort identified a cluster of pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and Th2-related cytokines which was associated with poor prognosis. Notably high levels of platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF) reflected a more aggressive tumor phenotype and larger tumor size. A significant positive correlation between serum levels of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10) and its mRNA expression at the tumor site suggested that tumor-IP10-production may outflow to the bloodstream. High IP10 serum levels were associated with a worse prognosis. Finally, we found serum levels of both PDGF and IP10 associated with enrichment scores of specific tumor infiltrating immune cells. Our study suggests that monitoring cytokine circulating levels in breast cancer could be used to characterize breast cancers and the immune composition of their microenvironment through readily available biological material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Jabeen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaime A Espinoza
- SciLifeLab, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lilly Anne Torland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Manuela Zucknick
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vilde D Haakensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torben Lüders
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Engebraaten
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jon Amund Kyte
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pavel Gromov
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Genome Integrity Unit, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Naume
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irina Gromova
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Genome Integrity Unit, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xavier Tekpli
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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125
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Susek KH, Karvouni M, Alici E, Lundqvist A. The Role of CXC Chemokine Receptors 1-4 on Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2159. [PMID: 30319622 PMCID: PMC6167945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines govern leukocyte migration by attracting cells that express their cognate ligands. Many cancer types show altered chemokine secretion profiles, favoring the recruitment of pro-tumorigenic immune cells and preventing the accumulation of anti-tumorigenic effector cells. This can ultimately result in cancer immune evasion. The manipulation of chemokine and chemokine-receptor signaling can reshape the immunological phenotypes within the tumor microenvironment in order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Here we discuss the three chemokine-chemokine receptor axes, CXCR1/2–CXCL1-3/5-8, CXCR3–CXCL9/10/11, and CXCR4-CXCL12 and their role on pro-tumorigenic immune cells and anti-tumorigenic effector cells in solid tumors. In particular, we summarize current strategies to target these axes and discuss their potential use in treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Karvouni
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Solna, Sweden
| | - Evren Alici
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Solna, Sweden.,Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Solna, Sweden
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126
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Impaired bone marrow B-cell development in mice with a bronchiolitis obliterans model of cGVHD. Blood Adv 2018; 2:2307-2319. [PMID: 30228128 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017014977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients after allogeneic bone marrow (BM) or stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Recent work has indicated that both T and B lymphocytes play an important role in the pathophysiology of cGVHD. Previously, our group showed a critical role for the germinal center response in the function of B cells using a bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) model of cGVHD. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that cGVHD is associated with severe defects in the generation of BM B lymphoid and uncommitted common lymphoid progenitor cells. We found an increase in the number of donor CD4+ T cells in the BM of mice with cGVHD that was negatively correlated with B-cell development and the frequency of osteoblasts and Prrx-1-expressing perivascular stromal cells, which are present in the B-cell niche. Use of anti-DR3 monoclonal antibodies to enhance the number of donor regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the donor T-cell inoculum ameliorated the pathology associated with BO in this model. This correlated with an increased number of endosteal osteoblastic cells and significantly improved the generation of B-cell precursors in the BM after allo-SCT. Our work indicates that donor Tregs play a critical role in preserving the generation of B-cell precursors in the BM after allo-SCT. Approaches to enhance the number and/or function of donor Tregs that do not enhance conventional T-cell activity may be important to decrease the incidence and severity of cGVHD in part through normal B-cell lymphopoiesis.
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127
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Hwang HS, Han AR, Lee JY, Park GS, Min WS, Kim HJ. Enhanced Anti-Leukemic Effects through Induction of Immunomodulating Microenvironment by Blocking CXCR4 and PD-L1 in an AML Mouse Model. Immunol Invest 2018; 48:96-105. [PMID: 30204524 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1497057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we found that dual therapy by the CXCR4 inhibitor Plerixafor and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) effectively eradicated leukemia cells and concurrently activated immune cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To reveal the significance of programmed death-ligand1 (PD-L1) in AML and as a strategic approach, we investigated the anti-leukemic effect of a triple combinational therapy by utilizing Plerixafor and anti-PD-L1 in combination with chemotherapy in an AML mouse model. We examined leukemic myeloid blast cells in multiple organs after the successive treatment with Ara-C, Plerixafor, and anti-PD-L1. The results showed that noticeable benefits of triple combinational therapy for eradication of myeloid blast cells in vivo with prolonged survival rates. The frequencies of regulatory T cells (Tregs), monocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs), and granulocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs), in the peripheral blood of leukemic mice were consistently decreased, even when mice were sacrificed alive at D + 26 after completion of the triple combinational therapy, compared to the other subgroups. These findings imply that the modulation by the triple combinational therapy may lead to more efficient leukemic myeloid blast cell ablation through the suppression of Tregs or M-MDSCs and G-MDSCs in AML. Although Plerixafor and PD-L1 antagonist do not have a direct anti-leukemic role, our results provide some clues and guidelines to develop clinically therapeutic strategies for chemotherapy-resistant patients by the modulation of leukemic microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sun Hwang
- a Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - A-Reum Han
- a Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- a Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - Gyeong Sin Park
- b Department of Pathology , College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Min
- a Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea.,c Department of Hematology , Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- a Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea.,c Department of Hematology , Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
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128
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Complete Remission of a Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplastic- and Monosomy 7-Related Changes after a Combined Conditioning Regimen of Plerixafor, Cytarabine and Melphalan in a 4-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090291. [PMID: 30150522 PMCID: PMC6162695 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplastic changes and monosomy 7 is a rare form of pediatric leukemia associated with very poor disease-free survival. The refractoriness of the disease is due to the protection offered by the bone marrow niche, making leukemic stem cells impervious to whatever chemotherapy or myeloablative regimen is chosen. Using a mobilizing agent for haematopoietic stem cells, Plerixafor, could sensitise leukemic cells to the myeloablative therapy. This approach was not previously used in a pediatric population, and in adult populations, was used in combination with busulphan with no difference in overall survival. We describe the case of a 4-year-old boy affected by refractory acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplastic changes and monosomy 7. The child had never achieved a remission. We proposed a combined time-scheduled scheme of therapy with plerixafor and melphalan. Combining pharmacokinetics of plerixafor with pharmacokinetics and rapid and elevated myeloablative potential of melphalan in high dosage (200 mg/m2), we succeeded in mobilizing more than 85% of stem blasts immediately before infusion of Melphalan. The count of residual blasts after 8 h from melphalan infusion was only 1.3 cells/μL. The child achieved an engraftment at day +32 with full donor chimerism. Sixteen months after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), he is well and in complete remission. Our case suggests that the use of plerixafor before a conditioning therapy with melphalan could induce remission in acute myeloid leukemia refractory to the usual conditioning therapy in pediatric patients. This work adds strength to the body of knowledge regarding the “personalized” conditioning regimen for high-risk leukemic patients.
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129
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Jabeen S, Zucknick M, Nome M, Dannenfelser R, Fleischer T, Kumar S, Lüders T, von der Lippe Gythfeldt H, Troyanskaya O, Kyte JA, Børresen-Dale AL, Naume B, Tekpli X, Engebraaten O, Kristensen V. Serum cytokine levels in breast cancer patients during neoadjuvant treatment with bevacizumab. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1457598. [PMID: 30377556 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1457598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A high concentration of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer patients is associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype. Here, serum levels of 27 cytokines and blood cell counts were assessed in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab (Bev) in a randomized cohort of 132 patients with non-metastatic HER2-negative tumors. Cytokine levels were determined prior to treatment and at various time-points. The cytotoxic chemotherapy regimen of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) had a profound impact on both circulating white blood cells and circulating cytokine levels. At the end of FEC treatment, the global decrease in cytokine levels correlated with the drop in white blood cell counts and was significantly greater in the patients of the Bev arm for cytokines, such as VEGF-A, IL-12, IP-10 and IL-10. Among patients who received Bev, those with pathological complete response (pCR) exhibited significantly lower levels of VEGF-A, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-4 than patients without pCR. This effect was not observed in the chemotherapy-only arm. Certain circulating cytokine profiles were found to correlate with different immune cell types at the tumor site. For the Bev arm patients, the serum cytokine levels correlated with higher levels of cytotoxic T cells at the end of the therapy regimen, which was indicative of treatment response. The higher response rate for Bev-treated patients and stronger correlations between serum cytokine levels and infiltrating CD8T cells merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Jabeen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Manuela Zucknick
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Nome
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruth Dannenfelser
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Thomas Fleischer
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torben Lüders
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hedda von der Lippe Gythfeldt
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olga Troyanskaya
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America.,Simons Center for Data Analysis, Simons Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jon Amund Kyte
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Naume
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xavier Tekpli
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Engebraaten
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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130
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Richter FC, Obba S, Simon AK. Local exchange of metabolites shapes immunity. Immunology 2018; 155:309-319. [PMID: 29972686 PMCID: PMC6187213 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell differentiation and function depend on metabolic changes for the provision of energy and metabolites. Consequently, cellular metabolism relies on the availability of micronutrients such as vitamins and energy‐rich sources including amino acids and fatty acids. The bone marrow controls the continuous production of blood cells and is thereby reliant on the sophisticated interplay of progenitor and mature immune cells with its stromal microenvironment. The significance of stromal subsets in immunopoiesis is undisputed; however, our current knowledge is limited to their role in the production and secretion of a variety of soluble proteins such as cytokines. In contrast, the role of the haematopoietic niche in controlling and providing nutrients such as fatty acids, amino acids and vitamins, which are required for immune cell differentiation and function, remains largely elusive. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of local nutritional exchange and control between immune and stromal cells in peripheral tissue and, when it is known, in the bone marrow. The parallels found between peripheral tissues and bone marrow stroma raises the question of how local metabolism is capable of influencing haematopoiesis and immunopoiesis. A better understanding of the local exchange of nutrients in the bone marrow can be used to improve immune cell formation during ageing, after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and during immune challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Clemens Richter
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandrine Obba
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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131
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Chen J, Yang N, Liu H, Yao H, Wang J, Yang Y, Zhang W. Immunological effects of a low-dose cytarabine, aclarubicin and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor priming regimen on a mouse leukemia model. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3022-3028. [PMID: 30127892 PMCID: PMC6096276 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The low-dose cytarabine, aclarubicin and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) (CAG) priming regimen is an effective treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). G-CSF influences the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) by mobilizing regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), as well as by reducing the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α). In the present study, a WEHI-3-grafted BALB/c mouse AML model (AML-M4) was employed to determine how the BMM was altered by different treatment regimens. It was evident that CAG regimen decreased and increased the proportion of Tregs and MDSCs in the bone marrow and spleen, respectively. Furthermore, the CAG regimen downregulated SDF-1α levels in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. However, hematoxylin and eosin staining of the main organs revealed that leukemic cells infiltrated the liver following treatment with the CAG regimen. The present study indicates that the CAG regimen has a positive effect on the immunosuppressive microenvironment in AML and relieves AML-associated BMM immune suppression by decreasing Tregs and MDSCs in the bone marrow and downregulating the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in the bone marrow and peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Chen
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Hailing Liu
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Huan Yao
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Wanggang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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Arojo OA, Ouyang X, Liu D, Meng T, Kaech SM, Pereira JP, Su B. Active mTORC2 Signaling in Naive T Cells Suppresses Bone Marrow Homing by Inhibiting CXCR4 Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:908-915. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
The concept that progression of cancer is regulated by interactions of cancer cells with their microenvironment was postulated by Stephen Paget over a century ago. Contemporary tumour microenvironment (TME) research focuses on the identification of tumour-interacting microenvironmental constituents, such as resident or infiltrating non-tumour cells, soluble factors and extracellular matrix components, and the large variety of mechanisms by which these constituents regulate and shape the malignant phenotype of tumour cells. In this Timeline article, we review the developmental phases of the TME paradigm since its initial description. While illuminating controversies, we discuss the importance of interactions between various microenvironmental components and tumour cells and provide an overview and assessment of therapeutic opportunities and modalities by which the TME can be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Maman
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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CD4 +CD25 highCD127 low/-FoxP 3+ Regulatory T Cell Subpopulations in the Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood of Children with ALL: Brief Report. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1292404. [PMID: 30003111 PMCID: PMC5996432 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1292404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25highCD127low/-FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are currently under extensive investigation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and in other human cancers. Usually, Treg cells maintain the immune cell homeostasis. This small subset of T cells has been, in fact, considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and progression of acute and chronic leukemias. However, whether Treg dysregulation in CLL and ALL plays a key role or it rather represents a simple epiphenomenon is still a matter of debate. Treg cells have been proposed as a prognostic indicator of the clinical course of the disease and might also be used for targeted immune therapy. Our study revealed statistically higher percentage of Treg cells in the bone marrow than in peripheral blood in the group of 42 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. By analyzing Treg subpopulations, it was shown that only memory Tregs in contact with leukemic antigens showed statistically significant differences. We noticed a low negative correlation between Treg cells in the bone marrow and the percentage of blasts (R = -0.36) as well as a moderate correlation between Treg cells in the bone marrow and Hb level (R = +0.41) in peripheral blood before therapy. The number of peripheral blood blasts on day 8th correlates negatively (R = -0.36) with Tregs. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed low negative correlation between the number of Tregs in the bone marrow and the minimal residual disease measured on day 15th, the percentage of blasts in the bone marrow and leukocytosis after 15 days of chemotherapy. These results indicate the influence of Tregs on the final therapeutic effect.
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135
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Sylvester FA. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Effects on Bone and Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1033:133-150. [PMID: 29101654 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with decreased bone mass and alterations in bone geometry from the time of diagnosis, before anti-inflammatory therapy is instituted. Deficits in bone mass can persist despite absence of symptoms of active IBD. The effects of IBD on the skeleton are complex. Protein-calorie malnutrition, inactivity, hypogonadism, deficits in calcium intake and vitamin D consumption and synthesis, stunted growth in children, decreased skeletal muscle mass, and inflammation all likely play a role. Preliminary studies suggest that the dysbiotic intestinal microbial flora present in IBD may also affect bone at a distance. Several mechanisms are possible. T cells activated by the gut microbiota may serve as "inflammatory shuttles" between the intestine and bone. Microbe-associated molecular patterns leaked into the circulation in IBD may activate immune responses in the bone marrow by immune cells and by osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts that lead to decreased bone formation and increased resorption. Finally, intestinal microbial metabolites such as H2S may also affect bone cell function. Uncovering these mechanisms will enable the design of microbial cocktails to help restore bone mass in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Sylvester
- Division Chief of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hil, 333 South Columbia Street, MacNider Hall 247, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7229, USA.
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136
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Wei Q, Frenette PS. Niches for Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Progeny. Immunity 2018; 48:632-648. [PMID: 29669248 PMCID: PMC6103525 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Steady-state hematopoietic stem cells' (HSCs) self-renewal and differentiation toward their mature progeny in the adult bone marrow is tightly regulated by cues from the microenvironment. Recent insights into the cellular and molecular constituents have uncovered a high level of complexity. Here, we review emerging evidence showing how HSCs and their progeny are regulated by an interdependent network of mesenchymal stromal cells, nerve fibers, the vasculature, and also other hematopoietic cells. Understanding the interaction mechanisms in these intricate niches will provide great opportunities for HSC-related therapies and immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhi Wei
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Departmentof Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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137
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Bellavia D, Palermo R, Felli MP, Screpanti I, Checquolo S. Notch signaling as a therapeutic target for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018. [PMID: 29527929 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1451840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy. Although the therapy of ALL has significantly improved, the heterogeneous genetic landscape of the disease often causes relapse, which is difficult to treat. Achieving a positive outcome for patients with relapsed or refractory ALL remains a challenging issue. The high prevalence of NOTCH-activating mutations in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and the central role of NOTCH signaling in regulating cell survival and growth of ALL provide a rationale for the development of Notch signaling-targeted strategies in this disease. Therapeutic alternatives with effective anti-leukemic potential and low toxicity are needed. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the currently available drugs directly or indirectly targeting Notch signaling in ALL. Besides considering the known Notch targeting approaches, such as γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) and Notch inhibiting antibodies (mAbs), currently in clinical trials, we focus on the recent insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the Notch signaling regulation in ALL. Expert opinion: Novel drugs targeting specific steps of Notch signaling or intersecting pathways could improve the efficiency of the conventional hematological cancers therapies. Further studies are required to translate the new findings into future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bellavia
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Rocco Palermo
- b Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Pia Felli
- c Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy.,b Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Rome , Italy.,d Institute Pasteur-Foundation Cenci Bolognetti , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Saula Checquolo
- e Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology , Sapienza University , Latina , Italy
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138
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Hirata Y, Furuhashi K, Ishii H, Li HW, Pinho S, Ding L, Robson SC, Frenette PS, Fujisaki J. CD150 high Bone Marrow Tregs Maintain Hematopoietic Stem Cell Quiescence and Immune Privilege via Adenosine. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:445-453.e5. [PMID: 29456159 PMCID: PMC6534147 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A crucial player in immune regulation, FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are drawing attention for their heterogeneity and noncanonical functions. Here, we describe a Treg subpopulation that controls hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence and engraftment. These Tregs highly expressed an HSC marker, CD150, and localized within the HSC niche in the bone marrow (BM). Specific reduction of BM Tregs achieved by conditional deletion of CXCR4 in Tregs increased HSC numbers in the BM. Adenosine generated via the CD39 cell surface ectoenzyme on niche Tregs protected HSCs from oxidative stress and maintained HSC quiescence. In transplantation settings, niche Tregs prevented allogeneic (allo-) HSC rejection through adenosine and facilitated allo-HSC engraftment. Furthermore, transfer of niche Tregs promoted allo-HSC engraftment to a much greater extent than transfer of other Tregs. These results identify a unique niche-associated Treg subset and adenosine as regulators of HSC quiescence, abundance, and engraftment, further highlighting their therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hirata
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Furuhashi
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hao Wei Li
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sandra Pinho
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research and Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Microbiology/Immunology and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research and Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Joji Fujisaki
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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139
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Tasian SK, Bornhäuser M, Rutella S. Targeting Leukemia Stem Cells in the Bone Marrow Niche. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6010022. [PMID: 29466292 PMCID: PMC5874679 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract: The bone marrow (BM) niche encompasses multiple cells of mesenchymal and hematopoietic origin and represents a unique microenvironment that is poised to maintain hematopoietic stem cells. In addition to its role as a primary lymphoid organ through the support of lymphoid development, the BM hosts various mature lymphoid cell types, including naïve T cells, memory T cells and plasma cells, as well as mature myeloid elements such as monocyte/macrophages and neutrophils, all of which are crucially important to control leukemia initiation and progression. The BM niche provides an attractive milieu for tumor cell colonization given its ability to provide signals which accelerate tumor cell proliferation and facilitate tumor cell survival. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) share phenotypic and functional features with normal counterparts from the tissue of origin of the tumor and can self-renew, differentiate and initiate tumor formation. CSCs possess a distinct immunological profile compared with the bulk population of tumor cells and have evolved complex strategies to suppress immune responses through multiple mechanisms, including the release of soluble factors and the over-expression of molecules implicated in cancer immune evasion. This chapter discusses the latest advancements in understanding of the immunological BM niche and highlights current and future immunotherapeutic strategies to target leukemia CSCs and overcome therapeutic resistance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Tasian
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden 01069, Germany.
| | - Sergio Rutella
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
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140
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Francis L, Guo ZS, Liu Z, Ravindranathan R, Urban JA, Sathaiah M, Magge D, Kalinski P, Bartlett DL. Modulation of chemokines in the tumor microenvironment enhances oncolytic virotherapy for colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22174-85. [PMID: 26956047 PMCID: PMC5008353 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An oncolytic poxvirus such as vvDD-CXCL11 can generate potent systemic antitumor immunity as well as targeted oncolysis, yet the antitumor effect is limited probably due to limited homing to and suppressed activity of tumor-specific adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We reasoned that a chemokine modulating (CKM) drug cocktail, consisting of IFN-α, poly I:C, and a COX-2 inhibitor, may skew the chemokine (CK) and cytokine profile into a favorable one in the TME, and this pharmaceutical modulation would enhance both the trafficking into and function of antitumor immune cells in the TME, thus increasing therapeutic efficacy of the oncolytic virus. In this study we show for the first time in vivo that the CKM modulates the CK microenvironment but it does not modulate antitumor immunity by itself in a MC38 colon cancer model. Sequential treatment with the virus and then CKM results in the upregulation of Th1-attracting CKs and reduction of Treg-attracting CKs (CCL22 and CXCL12), concurrent with enhanced trafficking of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and NK cells into the TME, thus resulting in the most significant antitumor activity and long term survival of tumor-bearing mice. This novel combined regimen, with the oncolytic virus (vvDD-CXCL11) inducing direct oncolysis and eliciting potent antitumor immunity, and the CKM inducing a favorable chemokine profile in the TME that promotes the trafficking and function of antitumor Tc1/Th1 and NK cells, may have great utility for oncolytic immunotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Francis
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zong Sheng Guo
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zuqiang Liu
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roshni Ravindranathan
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie A Urban
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Magesh Sathaiah
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deepa Magge
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David L Bartlett
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Yu L, Yu L, Pham Q, Wang TTY. Transcriptional and translational-uncoupling in regulation of the CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4, 7 in THP-1 monocytes and macrophages. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2017; 6:106-116. [PMID: 29105376 PMCID: PMC5818454 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The chemokine CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and 7 play crucial roles in the immune system. In the present study, regulation of this pathway was further examined using the in-vitro model of undifferentiated human THP-1 monocytes (u-THP-1) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 macrophages (d-THP-1), to assess the effects of differentiation and the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the pathway. METHODS/RESULTS Differentiation did not affect the CXCR4, 7 mRNA levels. Interestingly, the CXCL12 and CXCR7 proteins but not CXCR4 were found to be up-regulated during differentiation. LPS, through CD14-dependent pathway, induced CXCL12 and CXCR4, 7 mRNA levels to a greater magnitude in d- than u-THP-1. The induction effect on CXCL12 stimulated by LPS was confirmed using ELISA. Increased migration of u-THP-1 was observed using conditioned medium from LPS-treated d-THP-1. Additionally, d-THP-1, although expressed higher CXCR7 protein levels, failed to migrate toward CXCL12. In contrast, LPS did not affect CXCR4, 7 protein levels. CONCLUSION Hence, this study indicated that CXCL12, CXCR4, and CXCR7 were differentially expressed and regulated in u-THP-1 and d-THP-1 cells in response to external stimuli. Importantly, we reported here a novel observation that uncoupling exists between transcriptional and translational regulation of CXCR4, 7 expressions by differentiation and TLR stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- USDA, Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- USDA, Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
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Harnessing Advances in T Regulatory Cell Biology for Cellular Therapy in Transplantation. Transplantation 2017; 101:2277-2287. [PMID: 28376037 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular therapy with CD4FOXP3 T regulatory (Treg) cells is a promising strategy to induce tolerance after solid-organ transplantation or prevent graft-versus-host disease after transfer of hematopoietic stem cells. Treg cells currently used in clinical trials are either polyclonal, donor- or antigen-specific. Aside from variations in isolation and expansion protocols, however, most therapeutic Treg cell-based products are much alike. Ongoing basic science work has provided considerable new insight into multiple facets of Treg cell biology, including their stability, homing, and functional specialization; integrating these basic science discoveries with clinical efforts will support the development of next-generation therapeutic Treg cells with enhanced efficacy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in knowledge of how Treg cells home to lymphoid and peripheral tissues, and control antibody production and tissue repair. We also discuss newly appreciated pathways that modulate context-specific Treg cell function and stability. Strategies to improve and tailor Treg cells for cell therapy to induce transplantation tolerance are highlighted.
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143
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Chen J, Ribeiro B, Li H, Myer L, Chase P, Surti N, Lippy J, Zhang L, Cvijic ME. Leveraging the IncuCyte Technology for Higher-Throughput and Automated Chemotaxis Assays for Target Validation and Compound Characterization. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 23:122-131. [PMID: 28957636 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217733437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemotaxis is the directional movement of cells in response to a chemical stimulus and is vital for many physiological processes, including immune responses, tumor metastasis, wound healing, and blood vessel formation. Therefore, modulation of chemotaxis is likely to be of therapeutic benefit. Hence, a high-throughput means to conduct chemotaxis assays is advantageous for lead evaluation and optimization in drug discovery. In this study, we have validated a novel approach for a higher-throughput, label-free, image-based IncuCyte chemotaxis assay encompassing various cell types, including T cells, B cells, mouse Th17, immature and mature dendritic cells, monocyte THP-1, CCRF-CEM, monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and MDA-MB-231. These assays enable us to visualize chemotactic cell migration in real time and perform kinetic cell motility studies on an automated platform, thereby allowing us to incorporate the quantitative studies of cell migration behavior into a routine drug discovery screening cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- 1 Leads Discovery & Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bert Ribeiro
- 1 Leads Discovery & Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Han Li
- 1 Leads Discovery & Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Larnie Myer
- 1 Leads Discovery & Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Peter Chase
- 1 Leads Discovery & Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Neha Surti
- 1 Leads Discovery & Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jonathan Lippy
- 1 Leads Discovery & Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Litao Zhang
- 1 Leads Discovery & Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- 1 Leads Discovery & Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Fidyk W, Mitrus I, Ciomber A, Smagur A, Chwieduk A, Głowala-Kosińska M, Giebel S. Evaluation of proinflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines in blood and bone marrow of healthy hematopoietic stem cell donors. Cytokine 2017; 102:181-186. [PMID: 28927758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytokine composition of bone marrow microenvironment in comparison to blood is poorly explored. The goal of this study was to investigate the levels of cytokines present in peripheral blood and bone marrow of healthy hematopoietic stem cells donors. The data obtained on this subject with addition to cytometric analysis can provide new insight into the hematopoietic stem cells microenvironment. METHODOLOGY Study consisted of cytokine concentration analysis performed by ELISA tests of peripheral blood of healthy peripheral blood stem cells donors and bone marrow of healthy bone marrow donors. Additionally we have tested the expression of CD47 and CD274 proteins on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells by the flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS The results has shown different composition of analyzed cytokines (IL-1 β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TGF-β1, IFN-γ and TNF-α) present in bone marrow and blood of stem cells donors. The hematopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood are subjected to higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines whilst the lower level of those cytokines in bone marrow with a very high level of TGF-β1 which possibly creates a more immunosuppressive environment. The IL-10 level was significantly higher in peripheral blood of PBSC donors after the administration of mobilizing factor (G-CSF). The percentage of CD47+HSCs was significantly higher in bone marrow compared to peripheral blood of mobilized donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Fidyk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland.
| | - Iwona Mitrus
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ciomber
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
| | - Andrzej Smagur
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
| | - Agata Chwieduk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
| | - Magdalena Głowala-Kosińska
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
| | - Sebastian Giebel
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
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Weingartner E, Golding A. Direct control of B cells by Tregs: An opportunity for long-term modulation of the humoral response. Cell Immunol 2017; 318:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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146
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Roato I, Massè A, Piana R, Ferracini R. Bone Metastasis from Solid Tumors: Biologic and Clinical State of the Art. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-017-9233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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147
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Abstract
Stem cell niches are specialized microenvironments that promote the maintenance of stem cells and regulate their function. Recent advances have improved our understanding of the niches that maintain adult haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These advances include new markers for HSCs and niche cells, systematic analyses of the expression patterns of niche factors, genetic tools for functionally identifying niche cells in vivo, and improved imaging techniques. Together, they have shown that HSC niches are perivascular in the bone marrow and spleen. Endothelial cells and mesenchymal stromal cells secrete factors that promote HSC maintenance in these niches, but other cell types also directly or indirectly regulate HSC niches.
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148
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Tselios K, Sarantopoulos A, Gkougkourelas I, Boura P. T Regulatory Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Lupus 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.68479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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149
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Nagarsheth N, Wicha MS, Zou W. Chemokines in the cancer microenvironment and their relevance in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:559-572. [PMID: 28555670 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1367] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment is the primary location in which tumour cells and the host immune system interact. Different immune cell subsets are recruited into the tumour microenvironment via interactions between chemokines and chemokine receptors, and these populations have distinct effects on tumour progression and therapeutic outcomes. In this Review, we focus on the main chemokines that are found in the human tumour microenvironment; we elaborate on their patterns of expression, their regulation and their roles in immune cell recruitment and in cancer and stromal cell biology, and we consider how they affect cancer immunity and tumorigenesis. We also discuss the potential of targeting chemokine networks, in combination with other immunotherapies, for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Nagarsheth
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Graduate Programs in Immunology and Tumour Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Max S Wicha
- Graduate Programs in Immunology and Tumour Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1150 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Graduate Programs in Immunology and Tumour Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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150
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Foxp3 + regulatory T cells maintain the bone marrow microenvironment for B cell lymphopoiesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15068. [PMID: 28485401 PMCID: PMC5436085 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) modulate the immune system and maintain self-tolerance, but whether they affect haematopoiesis or haematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-mediated reconstitution after transplantation is unclear. Here we show that B-cell lymphopoiesis is impaired in Treg-depleted mice, yet this reduced B-cell lymphopoiesis is rescued by adoptive transfer of affected HSCs or bone marrow cells into Treg-competent recipients. B-cell reconstitution is abrogated in both syngeneic and allogeneic transplantation using Treg-depleted mice as recipients. Treg cells can control physiological IL-7 production that is indispensable for normal B-cell lymphopoiesis and is mainly sustained by a subpopulation of ICAM1+ perivascular stromal cells. Our study demonstrates that Treg cells are important for B-cell differentiation from HSCs by maintaining immunological homoeostasis in the bone marrow microenvironment, both in physiological conditions and after bone marrow transplantation. Treg cells suppress peripheral immune responses, but their function in haematopoiesis is unclear. Here the authors show they modulate the bone marrow microenvironment to sustain haematopoietic stem cell-driven generation of mature B cells.
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