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Herum KM, Romaine A, Wang A, Melleby AO, Strand ME, Pacheco J, Braathen B, Dunér P, Tønnessen T, Lunde IG, Sjaastad I, Brakebusch C, McCulloch AD, Gomez MF, Carlson CR, Christensen G. Syndecan-4 Protects the Heart From the Profibrotic Effects of Thrombin-Cleaved Osteopontin. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e013518. [PMID: 32000579 PMCID: PMC7033859 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Pressure overload of the heart occurs in patients with hypertension or valvular stenosis and induces cardiac fibrosis because of excessive production of extracellular matrix by activated cardiac fibroblasts. This initially provides essential mechanical support to the heart, but eventually compromises function. Osteopontin is associated with fibrosis; however, the underlying signaling mechanisms are not well understood. Herein, we examine the effect of thrombin-cleaved osteopontin on fibrosis in the heart and explore the role of syndecan-4 in regulating cleavage of osteopontin. Methods and Results Osteopontin was upregulated and cleaved by thrombin in the pressure-overloaded heart of mice subjected to aortic banding. Cleaved osteopontin was higher in plasma from patients with aortic stenosis receiving crystalloid compared with blood cardioplegia, likely because of less heparin-induced inhibition of thrombin. Cleaved osteopontin and the specific osteopontin peptide sequence RGDSLAYGLR that is exposed after thrombin cleavage both induced collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts. Like osteopontin, the heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-4 was upregulated after aortic banding. Consistent with a heparan sulfate binding domain in the osteopontin cleavage site, syndecan-4 was found to bind to osteopontin in left ventricles and cardiac fibroblasts and protected osteopontin from cleavage by thrombin. Shedding of the extracellular part of syndecan-4 was more prominent at later remodeling phases, at which time levels of cleaved osteopontin were increased. Conclusions Thrombin-cleaved osteopontin induces collagen production by cardiac fibroblasts. Syndecan-4 protects osteopontin from cleavage by thrombin, but this protection is lost when syndecan-4 is shed in later phases of remodeling, contributing to progression of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M. Herum
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
- Biotech Research and Innovation CentreUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Andreas Romaine
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Ariel Wang
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Arne Olav Melleby
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Mari E. Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Julian Pacheco
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Bjørn Braathen
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Pontus Dunér
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes CentreLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Ida G. Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation CentreUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Andrew D. McCulloch
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Maria F. Gomez
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes CentreLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Cathrine R. Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
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Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines are necessary for an acute response to injury and the progressive healing process. However, when this acute response does not resolve and becomes chronic, the same proteins that once promoted healing then contribute to chronic inflammatory pathologies, such as atherosclerosis. OPN (Osteopontin) is a secreted matricellular cytokine that signals through integrin and CD44 receptors, is highly upregulated in acute and chronic inflammatory settings, and has been implicated in physiological and pathophysiologic processes. Evidence from the literature suggests that OPN may fit within the Goldilocks paradigm with respect to cardiovascular disease, where acute increases are protective, attenuate vascular calcification, and promote postischemic neovascularization. In contrast, chronic increases in OPN are clinically associated with an increased risk for a major adverse cardiovascular event, and OPN expression is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease independent of traditional risk factors. With the recent finding that humans express multiple OPN isoforms as the result of alternative splicing and that these isoforms have distinct biologic functions, future studies are required to determine what OPN isoform(s) are expressed in the setting of vascular disease and what role each of these isoforms plays in vascular disease progression. This review aims to discuss our current understanding of the role(s) of OPN in vascular disease pathologies using evidence from in vitro, animal, and clinical studies. Where possible, we discuss what is known about OPN isoform expression and our understanding of OPN isoform contributions to cardiovascular disease pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Shin Yee Lok
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia (Z.S.Y.L.)
| | - Alicia N Lyle
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.N.L.)
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103
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The association between serum angiogenin and osteopontin levels and coronary collateral circulation in patients with chronic total occlusion. Anatol J Cardiol 2020; 22:77-84. [PMID: 31375653 PMCID: PMC6735440 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2019.88555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A well-developed coronary collateral circulation lowers both in-hospital and long-term morbidity and mortality limiting the infarct. Angiogenin (AGN) and osteopontin (OPN) are known to be potent inducers of angiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between serum ANG and OPN levels and collateral filling grade in subjects with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). METHODS A total of 122 age- and gender-matched consecutive patients who were found to have total occlusion (n=70) and no significant stenosis in epicardial coronary arteries (n=52) who underwent coronary angiography due to SCAD between January 2015 and July 2017 were included in the study. AGN and OPN levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Coronary collateral circulation was graded using Rentrop's classification of collateral filling. RESULTS A total of 52 patients (61.60±11.78 years, 61.5% male) without significant epicardial coronary artery stenosis and 70 patients (62.87±8.24 years, 65.7% male) with totally occluded coronary arteries were included in the study. Subjects with total occlusion had significantly higher levels of AGN [122.00 (79.00-623.00) pg/mL vs. 98.00 (18.00-160.00) pg/mL, p<0.001] and OPN [1863.50 (125.00-6500.00) pg/mL vs. 451.00 (112.00- 1850.00) pg/mL, p<0.001] than those without significant stenosis. In addition, AGN [127.00 (87.00-623.00) pg/mL vs. 110.00 (79.00-188.00) pg/mL, p=0.011] and OPN [2681.00 (126.00-6500.00) pg/mL vs. 649.00 (125.00-4255.00) pg/mL, p=0.001] levels were significantly higher in patients with better developed collaterals. Serum AGN and OPN levels were found to be significantly associated with coronary collateral development. CONCLUSION AGN and OPN are associated with better developed coronary collateral circulation and may have therapeutic implications for the promotion of coronary collateral development.
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Peng CA, Kozubowski L, Marcotte WR. Advances in Plant-Derived Scaffold Proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:122. [PMID: 32161608 PMCID: PMC7052361 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold proteins form critical biomatrices that support cell adhesion and proliferation for regenerative medicine and drug screening. The increasing demand for such applications urges solutions for cost effective and sustainable supplies of hypoallergenic and biocompatible scaffold proteins. Here, we summarize recent efforts in obtaining plant-derived biosynthetic spider silk analogue and the extracellular matrix protein, collagen. Both proteins are composed of a large number of tandem block repeats, which makes production in bacterial hosts challenging. Furthermore, post-translational modification of collagen is essential for its function which requires co-transformation of multiple copies of human prolyl 4-hydroxylase. We discuss our perspectives on how the GAANTRY system could potentially assist the production of native-sized spider dragline silk proteins and prolyl hydroxylated collagen. The potential of recombinant scaffold proteins in drug delivery and drug discovery is also addressed.
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105
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Druck A, Patel D, Bansal V, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J. Osteopontin Levels in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5 on Hemodialysis Directly Correlate With Intact Parathyroid Hormone and Alkaline Phosphatase. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2019; 25:1076029619896621. [PMID: 31876180 PMCID: PMC7019405 DOI: 10.1177/1076029619896621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease stage 5 (CKD5) marks the fifth stage of renal failure,
frequently causing dysregulation of bone and mineral metabolism. Challenges
exist in evaluating and managing chronic kidney disease–mineral bone disorder
(CKD-MBD) with the standard panel of biomarkers. Our objective was to profile
osteopontin (OPN) in patients with CKD5 on maintenance hemodialysis (CKD5-HD)
and elucidate its relationship to phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca2+),
alkaline phosphatase (AP), and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) to improve
understanding of the present model of CKD-MBD. Elevation of plasma OPN was seen
in the CKD5-HD cohort (n = 92; median: 240.25 ng/mL, interquartile range [IQR]:
169.85 ng/mL) compared to a normal group (n = 49; median: 63.30 ng/mL, IQR:
19.20 ng/mL; p < .0001). Spearman correlation tests revealed
significant positive correlations of OPN with iPTH (p <
.0001; r = 0.561, 95% confidence interval = 0.397-0.690) and
OPN with AP (p < .0001; r = 0.444, 95%
confidence interval = 0.245-0.590) in CKD5-HD patients. Ultimately, OPN may play
an integral role in the MBD axis, suggesting that it may be important to
actively monitor OPN when managing CKD5-HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Druck
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Hemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratories, Center of Translational Research and Education, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Dimpi Patel
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Vinod Bansal
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratories, Center of Translational Research and Education, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratories, Center of Translational Research and Education, Maywood, IL, USA
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El Dayem SMA, El Bohy AEM, Battah AA, Hamed M, El Aziz SHA. Osteopontin for Early Detection of Microvascular and Macrovascular Type 1 Diabetic Complication. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3619-3622. [PMID: 32010387 PMCID: PMC6986529 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relationship between osteopontin and diabetes complication in type 1 diabetic patient. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy types 1 diabetic and 60 healthy volunteers were studied. Full history, examination, laboratory tests of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum lipids {cholesterol, triglyceride (Tg), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL-c)}, oxidised low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), Osteopontin and urinary microalbuminuria (albumin/creatinine ratio) were done. Image study in the form of a carotid intimal medial thickness (cIMT) and aortic intimal medial thickness (aIMT), renal doppler for resistivity index was also done for all participant included in the study. RESULTS Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, lipid profile, osteopontin, cIMT and aIMT were higher in people with diabetes. Osteopontin was higher in people with diabetes with positive microalbuminuria and cIMT. Systolic blood pressure, microalbuminuria and cIMT had a positive correlation with osteopontin in people with diabetes. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that osteopontin had a significant correlation with cIMT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the cut off value of Osteopontin for detection of cIMT was > 60 with a specificity of 100% and sensitivity 80.5%, while that of albumin/creatinine ratio was > 64 with a specificity of 66.7 and sensitivity of 92.3. CONCLUSION Osteopontin is higher in type 1 diabetics and is useful for early detection of diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mona Hamed
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Landecho MF, Tuero C, Valentí V, Bilbao I, de la Higuera M, Frühbeck G. Relevance of Leptin and Other Adipokines in Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112664. [PMID: 31694146 PMCID: PMC6893824 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, which is a worldwide epidemic, confers increased risk for multiple serious conditions including type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases. Adipose tissue is considered one of the largest endocrine organs in the body as well as an active tissue for cellular reactions and metabolic homeostasis rather than an inert tissue only for energy storage. The functional pleiotropism of adipose tissue relies on its ability to synthesize and release a large number of hormones, cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins, and growth and vasoactive factors, which are collectively called adipokines known to influence a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the obese state, excessive visceral fat accumulation causes adipose tissue dysfunctionality that strongly contributes to the onset of obesity-related comorbidities. The mechanisms underlying adipose tissue dysfunction include adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, increased inflammation, impaired extracellular matrix remodeling, and fibrosis together with an altered secretion of adipokines. This review describes the relevance of specific adipokines in the obesity-associated cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel F. Landecho
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Health Check-up Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (M.F.L.); (I.B.)
| | - Carlota Tuero
- Department of Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (C.T.); (V.V.)
| | - Víctor Valentí
- Department of Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (C.T.); (V.V.)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Idoia Bilbao
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Health Check-up Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (M.F.L.); (I.B.)
| | - Magdalena de la Higuera
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 28027 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0034-948-255-400
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Alam M, Bertolini M, Gherardini J, Keren A, Ponce L, Chéret J, Alenfall J, Dunér P, Nilsson AH, Gilhar A, Paus R. An osteopontin-derived peptide inhibits human hair growth at least in part by decreasing fibroblast growth factor-7 production in outer root sheath keratinocytes. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:1404-1414. [PMID: 31487385 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that unwanted hair growth (hirsutism, hypertrichosis) can cause major psychological distress, new pharmacological treatment strategies with safe and effective hair growth inhibitors that do not destroy the hair follicle (HF) and its stem cells need to be developed. OBJECTIVES To establish if osteopontin-derived fragments may modulate human hair growth given that human HFs express the multifunctional, immunomodulatory glycoprotein, osteopontin. METHODS Our hypothesis was tested ex vivo and in vivo by using a newly generated, toxicologically well-characterized, modified osteopontin-derived peptide (FOL-005), which binds to the HF. RESULTS In organ-cultured human HFs and scalp skin, and in human scalp skin xenotransplants onto SCID mice, FOL-005 treatment (60 nmol L-1 to 3 μmol L-1 ) significantly promoted premature catagen development without reducing the number of keratin 15-positive HF stem cells or showing signs of drug toxicity. Genome-wide DNA microarray, quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of the hair growth promoter, fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF7) by FOL-005, while cotreatment of HFs with recombinant FGF7 partially abrogated FOL-005-induced catagen promotion. CONCLUSIONS With caveats in mind, our study identifies this osteopontin-derived peptide as an effective, novel inhibitory principle for human hair growth ex vivo and in vivo, which deserves systematic clinical testing in hirsutism and hypertrichosis. What's already known about this topic? The treatment of unwanted hair growth (hypertrichosis, hirsutism) lacks pharmacological intervention, with only few and often unsatisfactory treatments available. Osteopontin is prominently expressed in human HFs and has been reported to be elevated during catagen in the murine hair cycle. What does this study add? We tested the effects on hair growth of a novel, osteopontin-derived fragment (FOL-005) ex vivo and in vivo. In human hair follicles, high-dose FOL-005 significantly reduces hair growth both ex vivo and in vivo. What is the translational message? High-dose FOL-005 may provide a new therapeutic opportunity as a treatment for unwanted hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alam
- Monasterium Laboratory - Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany.,Mediteknia Skin & Hair Lab, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - M Bertolini
- Monasterium Laboratory - Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - J Gherardini
- Monasterium Laboratory - Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - A Keren
- Laboratory for Skin Research, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - L Ponce
- Monasterium Laboratory - Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - J Chéret
- Monasterium Laboratory - Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | | | - P Dunér
- Follicum AB, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A H Nilsson
- Follicum AB, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Gilhar
- Laboratory for Skin Research, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - R Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, U.K.,Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
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Kulichová K, Sokol J, Nemeček P, Maliarová M, Maliar T, Havrlentová M, Kraic J. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe rye flour is, together with the wheat flour, the basic ingredient used in traditional bread baking. The rye grain contains many compounds with significant impacts on the consumer. Considering that, various biologically active phytochemicals were determined in extracts from mature grains of 19 rye genotypes (Secale cereale L.). The content of total phenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids and thiols, as well as antioxidant activities and inhibitory activities against trypsin, thrombin, and urokinase were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. The vanillic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, and t-ferulic acid were analyzed in particular by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The observed differences in the amounts and activities between rye genotypes reflected variations in their genetic background. Rye grain is a remarkable source of specific phytochemicals. Genetic diversity in rye makes it possible to identify individual genotypes that have a unique content and biological activity of compounds deposited in mature grains. One subgroup of rye genotypes had higher values of antioxidant properties and concentrations of polyphenols. Other sub-group had higher proteinase inhibitory activities and contents of polyphenols. The third sub-group contained as though the universal genotypes, i.e. genotypes with average values in nearly all the measured parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Kulichová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Sokol
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Nemeček
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Maliarová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Maliar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Havrlentová
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168Piešťany, Slovakia
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Kraic
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701Trnava, Slovakia
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168Piešťany, Slovakia
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Sadaghianloo N, Contenti J, Dardik A, Mazure NM. Role of Hypoxia and Metabolism in the Development of Neointimal Hyperplasia in Arteriovenous Fistulas. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215387. [PMID: 31671790 PMCID: PMC6862436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For patients with end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis, their vascular access is both their lifeline and their Achilles heel. Despite being recommended as primary vascular access, the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) shows sub-optimal results, with about 50% of patients needing a revision during the year following creation. After the AVF is created, the venous wall must adapt to new environment. While hemodynamic changes are responsible for the adaptation of the extracellular matrix and activation of the endothelium, surgical dissection and mobilization of the vein disrupt the vasa vasorum, causing wall ischemia and oxidative stress. As a consequence, migration and proliferation of vascular cells participate in venous wall thickening by a mechanism of neointimal hyperplasia (NH). When aggressive, NH causes stenosis and AVF dysfunction. In this review we show how hypoxia, metabolism, and flow parameters are intricate mechanisms responsible for the development of NH and stenosis during AVF maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirvana Sadaghianloo
- Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice CEDEX 03, France.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - Julie Contenti
- Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice CEDEX 03, France.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - Alan Dardik
- Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
| | - Nathalie M Mazure
- Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice CEDEX 03, France.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06000 Nice, France.
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Bastos LA, Silva FL, Thomé JPDQ, Arnez MFM, Faccioli LH, Paula-Silva FWG. Effects of Papain-Based Gel Used For Caries Removal on Macrophages and Dental Pulp Cells. Braz Dent J 2019; 30:484-490. [PMID: 31596333 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201902560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Papain-based gel is used for chemical-mechanical caries removal and present antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its effects on dental pulp cells and on macrophages remains largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the papain-based gel Papacárie Duo® acts as an immunomodulator in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages and its effects on dental pulp cells . J774.1 macrophage and OD-21 dental pulp cells were stimulated with 0.5% and 5% of Papacárie Duo®, following pre-treatment or not with LPS. After 24 h, a lactate dehydrogenase assay was used to measure cytotoxicity, a tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT) was used to measure cell viability, and qRT-PCR was used to analyze relative gene expression of Ptgs2, Il10, Tnf, Mmp9, Runx2, Ibsp and Spp1. Papacárie Duo® was cytotoxic and reduced cell viability at 5% but not at 0.5% in both cultures. In macrophages, Papacárie Duo® increased the expression Il10 and LPS-induced Ptgs2, but it did not affect Tnf or Mmp9. In OD-21 cells, Papacárie Duo® inhibited Runx2 and Ibsp expression, but stimulated Spp1 expression. Papain-based gel presented a concentration dependent cytotoxicity, without affecting cell viability, for dental pulp cells and macrophages. Interestingly, the gel presented an inhibitory effect on pulp cell differentiation but modulated the activation of macrophages stimulated with LPS. We speculate that in dental pulp tissue, Papacárie Duo® would impair reparative dentinogenesis but could activate macrophages to perform their role in defense and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alves Bastos
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunologia das Parasitoses, Faculdade USP -Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Wanderley Garcia Paula-Silva
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunologia das Parasitoses, Faculdade USP -Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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112
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Zhang H, Liao M, Cao M, Qiu Z, Yan X, Zhou Y, Wu H, Wang Y, Zheng J, Ding J, Wang M, Liao Y, Chen X. ATRQβ-001 Vaccine Prevents Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012341. [PMID: 31512549 PMCID: PMC6817999 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background We have developed a peptide vaccine named ATRQβ‐001, which was proved to retard signal transduction initiated by angiotensin II (Ang II). Ang II was implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression, but whether the ATRQβ‐001 vaccine would prevent AAA is unknown. Methods and Results Ang II‐infused ApoE−/− mice and calcium phosphate‐induced AAA in C57BL/6 mice were used to verify the efficiency of ATRQβ‐001 vaccine in AAA. Results demonstrated that the vaccine effectively restrained the aneurysmal dilation and vascular wall destruction of aorta in both animal models, beyond anti‐hypertensive effects. In Ang II‐induced AAA vascular sections, Immunohistochemical staining showed that the vaccine notably constrained vascular inflammation and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic transition, concurrently reduced macrophages infiltration. In cultured VSMC, the anti‐ATR‐001 antibody inhibited osteopontin secretion induced by Ang II, thereby impeded macrophage migration while co‐culture. Furthermore, metalloproteinases and other matrix proteolytic enzymes were also found to be limited by the vaccine in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions ATRQβ‐001 vaccine prevented AAA initiation and progression in both Ang II and calcium phosphate‐induced AAA models. And the beneficial effects were played beyond decrease of blood pressure, which provided a novel and promising method to take precautions against AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Institute of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Mengyang Liao
- Department of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Institute of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Mingsi Cao
- Department of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Institute of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhihua Qiu
- Department of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Institute of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xiaole Yan
- Department of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Institute of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yanzhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Institute of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hailang Wu
- Department of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Institute of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yingxuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Institute of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jiayu Zheng
- Department of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Institute of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jiaxing Ding
- Department of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Institute of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Institute of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Department of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Institute of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Institute of Cardiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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113
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Gao PJ. Osteopontin associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2019; 34:388-396. [DOI: 10.1038/s41371-019-0246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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114
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Trivedi A, Noble-Haeusslein LJ, Levine JM, Santucci AD, Reeves TM, Phillips LL. Matrix metalloproteinase signals following neurotrauma are right on cue. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3141-3156. [PMID: 31168660 PMCID: PMC11105352 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrauma, a term referencing both traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, is unique to neurodegeneration in that onset is clearly defined. From the perspective of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), there is opportunity to define their temporal participation in injury and recovery beginning at the level of the synapse. Here we examine the diverse roles of MMPs in the context of targeted insults (optic nerve lesion and hippocampal and olfactory bulb deafferentation), and clinically relevant focal models of traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries. Time-specific MMP postinjury signaling is critical to synaptic recovery after focal axonal injuries; members of the MMP family exhibit a signature temporal profile corresponding to axonal degeneration and regrowth, where they direct postinjury reorganization and synaptic stabilization. In both traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, MMPs mediate early secondary pathogenesis including disruption of the blood-brain barrier, creating an environment that may be hostile to recovery. They are also critical players in wound healing including angiogenesis and the formation of an inhibitory glial scar. Experimental strategies to reduce their activity in the acute phase result in long-term neurological recovery after neurotrauma and have led to the first clinical trial in spinal cord injured pet dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpa Trivedi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSE 760, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Linda J Noble-Haeusslein
- Departments of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, and Neurology, the Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jonathan M Levine
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Alison D Santucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Thomas M Reeves
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Linda L Phillips
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
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115
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Ho CC, Tsai MH, Chen YC, Kuo CC, Lin P. Persistent elevation of blood pressure by ambient coarse particulate matter after recovery from pulmonary inflammation in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:814-824. [PMID: 30919559 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, we reported that exposure to fine and coarse PM caused pulmonary inflammation and pulmonary small arterial remodeling in mice, and osteopontin (OPN) level was elevated following PM exposure. However, in the present study, cotreatment with 5-methoxytryptophan for 4 weeks partially reduced coarse PM-induced pulmonary inflammation without reducing pulmonary OPN secretion or recovery from pulmonary arterial remodeling in mice. Persistent vascular dysfunction may lead to vascular remodeling. Therefore, we further compared the relationship between coarse PM-induced inflammation and vascular dysfunction by exposing mice to PM before and after cessation of PM exposure. Oropharyngeal aspiration of PM for 8 weeks induced pulmonary inflammation and pulmonary small artery remodeling in mice, as well as increased serum C-reactive protein and OPN concentrations and systolic blood pressure (SBP). After the cessation of PM exposure for another 8 weeks, lung inflammation had recovered and vascular remodeling had partially recovered. Elevation of OPN, metalloproteinases (MMPs), and cytokines in bronchioalveolar lavage were significantly reduced. However, PM-induced systemic responses did not recover after the cessation of PM exposure. Notably, not only serum OPN and SBP remained significantly elevated; also, serum endothelin-1, MMP-9, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine concentrations were significantly increased after cessation of PM exposure for another 8 weeks. These data suggested that systemic inflammation and systemic vascular dysfunction might be important in PM-induced elevation of SBP. Furthermore, SBP elevation was persistent after cessation of PM exposure for 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Ho
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350 Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 404 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350 Taiwan
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350 Taiwan
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116
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Lin JF, Wu S, Juang JMJ, Chiang FT, Hsu LA, Teng MS, Cheng ST, Huang HL, Ko YL. Osteoprotegerin and osteopontin levels, but not gene polymorphisms, predict mortality in cardiovascular diseases. Biomark Med 2019; 13:751-760. [PMID: 31157557 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to investigate whether osteoprotegerin (OPG) or osteopontin (OPN) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) will predict survival. Materials & methods: This study enrolled 617 participants undergoing health examination, 536 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and 86 peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients. Genotypes of OPG SNP rs2073618 and OPN SNP rs11730582 were determined. OPG and OPN levels were measured. Results: In both CAD and PAD populations, high OPG and OPN levels were strong predictors of all-cause death. The OPG rs2073618 CC genotype and the OPN rs11730582 TT genotype did not predict mortality. Conclusion: High OPG and high OPN levels, but not OPG rs2073618 CC genotype or OPN rs11730582 TT genotype, were strong predictors of mortality in both CAD and PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Feng Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center & Divisionof Cardiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Semon Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center & Divisionof Cardiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming J Juang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center & Division of Cardiology, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tien Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center & Division of Cardiology, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Teng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center & Divisionof Cardiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tsung Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center & Divisionof Cardiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Li Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center & Divisionof Cardiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center & Divisionof Cardiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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117
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Biologically valuable components, antioxidant activity and proteinase inhibition activity of leaf and callus extracts of Salvia sp. NOVA BIOTECHNOLOGICA ET CHIMICA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/nbec-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sage is medicinal plant, known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Eight extract samples were tested in this study: extract from Salvia officinalis L. varieties from two different geographical localities (Jaslovské Bohunice and Pobedim, Slovakia), Salvia officinalis L., variety “bicolor”, Salvia officinalis L., variety “purpurescens”, Salvia apiana, Salvia divinorum, and two callus cultures of Salvia sclarea L. and Salvia aethiopis L. The highest values for composite parameters were observed for extract from Salvia apiana. It can be concluded that prepared sage extract samples are rich on polyphenolic acids (2 950±265 μg.mL−1 GAeq.) and amines (197±5.50 μg.mL−1 TRPeq.). HPLC analysis confirmed the dominant content of rosmarinic acid in the extracts; the highest content was detected in the Salvia apiana extract (1 120±15 μg.mL−1). Extract from Salvia apiana expressed too the highest antioxidant activity (1 710 – 4 669 μg.mL−1TEAC). Similarly, the highest inhibition activity was observed for this extract on thrombin (57±3.3 %) and on other proteinases (over 80 %). Spearman correlation analysis and PCA analyses revealed a coherence between antioxidant activity of samples and their content of rosmarinic acid as well as inhibitory activity towards particular proteases, and revealed the significance of thiol based secondary metabolites. Cluster analysis demonstrates the differences of Salvia apiana extract from extracts of S. officinalis L., the group of S. divinorum extract and from callus cultures.
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118
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Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted glycosylated phosphoprotein that influences cell survival, inflammation, migration, and homeostasis after injury. As the role of OPN in the retina remains unclear, this study issue was addressed by aiming to study how the absence of OPN in knock-out mice affects the retina and the influence of age on these effects. The study focused on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and glial cells (astrocytes, Müller cells, and resident microglia) in 3- and 20-month-old mice. The number of RGCs in the retina was quantified and the area occupied by astrocytes was measured. In addition, the morphology of Müller cells and microglia was examined in retinal sections. The deficiency in OPN reduces RGC density by 25.09% at 3 months of age and by 60.37% at 20 months of age. The astrocyte area was also reduced by 51.01% in 3-month-old mice and by 57.84% at 20 months of age, although Müller glia and microglia did not seem to be affected by the lack of OPN. This study demonstrates the influence of OPN on astrocytes and RGCs, whereby the absence of OPN in the retina diminishes the area occupied by astrocytes and produces a secondary reduction in the number of RGCs. Accordingly, OPN could be a target to develop therapies to combat neurodegenerative diseases and astrocytes may represent a key mediator of such effects.
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119
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Montgomery MK, De Nardo W, Watt MJ. Impact of Lipotoxicity on Tissue "Cross Talk" and Metabolic Regulation. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 34:134-149. [PMID: 30724128 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00037.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated comorbidities include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. These diseases are associated with accumulation of lipids in non-adipose tissues, which can impact many intracellular cellular signaling pathways and functions that have been broadly defined as "lipotoxic." This review moves beyond understanding intracellular lipotoxic outcomes and outlines the consequences of lipotoxicity on protein secretion and inter-tissue "cross talk," and the impact this exerts on systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William De Nardo
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
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120
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The rs1126616 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the Osteopontin Gene Is Independently Associated with Cardiovascular Events in a Chronic Kidney Disease Cohort. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050592. [PMID: 31036794 PMCID: PMC6571716 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events (CVE), partly due to the higher burden of atherosclerosis. Circulating Osteopontin (OPN) levels have been also shown to have a potential role in the development of atherosclerosis. Indeed, CKD patients show an increase in circulating OPN levels, but their effect of CKD-related atherosclerosis is not clear. Polymorphisms in the OPN gene (SPP1) have been studied in atheromatous disease, but reported results show conflictive findings. Thus, the main aim of the present study is to analyze the influence of SPP1 polymorphisms in CVE in CKD patients, taking into account circulating OPN levels. We followed 559 healthy controls and 2445 CKD patients without previous CVE from the National Observatory of Atherosclerosis in Nephrology study (NEFRONA study). After 48 months of follow-up 206 CVE were recorded. Genotyping for rs9138, rs1126616, rs1126772, rs11730582 and rs28357094 polymorphisms of the SPP1 gene was performed along with the measurements of plasma OPN levels. The group of patients with CVE showed higher incidence of atherosclerotic plaque (90.3% vs 64.5%; p < 0.001) and higher OPN levels (p < 0.001) at baseline. Patients with the heterozygous genotype of the rs1126616 polymorphism showed a higher hazard ratio of having a CVE, even after adjustment for multiple potential confounders. After adjustment, OPN levels were no longer associated with the incidence of CVE. We found that the rs1126616 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the SPP1 gene is independently associated with a higher incidence of CVE in a cohort of CKD patients and that it could be used to predict CVE risk.
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121
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Yu K, Yang B, Jiang H, Li J, Yan K, Liu X, Zhou L, Yang H, Li X, Min X, Zhang C, Luo X, Mei W, Sun S, Zhang L, Cheng X, He M, Zhang X, Pan A, Hu FB, Wu T. A multi-stage association study of plasma cytokines identifies osteopontin as a biomarker for acute coronary syndrome risk and severity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5121. [PMID: 30914768 PMCID: PMC6435654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play a critical role in the pathogenesis and development of cardiovascular diseases. However, data linking cytokines to risk and severity of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are still limited. We measured plasma profile of 280 cytokines using a quantitative protein microarray in 12 ACS patients and 16 healthy controls, and identified 15 differentially expressed cytokines for ACS. Osteopontin, chemokine ligand 23, brain derived neurotrophic factor and C-reactive protein (CRP) were further validated using immunoassay in two independent case-control studies with a total of 210 ACS patients and 210 controls. We further examined their relations with incident ACS among 318 case-control pairs nested within the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort, and found plasma osteopontin and CRP concentrations were associated with incident ACS, and the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.29 (1.06-1.57) per 1-SD increase for osteopontin and 1.30 (1.02-1.66) for CRP, respectively. Higher levels of circulating osteopontin were also correlated with higher severity of ACS, and earlier ACS onset time. Adding osteopontin alone or in combination with CRP modestly improved the predictive ability of ACS beyond the Framingham risk scores. Our findings suggested that osteopontin might be a biomarker for incident ACS, using osteopontin adds moderately to traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuai Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Binyao Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, the 5th Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijing Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xuezhen Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lue Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Handong Yang
- The Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dongfeng Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Xiulou Li
- The Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dongfeng Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Xinwen Min
- The Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dongfeng Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- The Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dongfeng Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Xiaoting Luo
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhua Mei
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunchang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Bao'an Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Frank B Hu
- The Department of Nutrition and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States.
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Nam SM, Seo JS, Nahm SS, Chang BJ. Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Osteopontin Expression and Axonal Myelination in the Developing Cerebellum of Lead-Exposed Rat Pups. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16060983. [PMID: 30893812 PMCID: PMC6466450 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16060983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multi-functional protein that binds to integrin and calcium-binding phosphoprotein. OPN is required for normal neuronal development and its axonal myelination. We studied the combined effect of lead (Pb) and ascorbic acid treatment on OPN expression in the developing cerebellum. We randomly divided pregnant female rats into three groups: control, Pb (lead acetate, 0.3%, drinking water), and Pb plus ascorbic acid (PA; ascorbic acid, 100 mg/kg, oral intubation) groups. The blood level of Pb was significantly increased, while ascorbic acid reduced Pb levels in the dams and pups. At postnatal day (PND) 21, results from Nissl staining and OPN immunohistochemistry demonstrated that OPN was detected in the Purkinje cell layer in the cerebellum. Ascorbic acid treatment mitigated Pb exposure-induced reduction in the number of intact Purkinje cells and OPN immunoreactive Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of pups. In addition, Pb-induced reduction in the number of oligodendrocytes and myelin-associated glycoprotein is associated with the malformation of the myelin sheath. Ascorbic acid provided protection from Pb-induced impairments. Pb-induced structural deficits in the cerebellum resulted in functional deterioration observed during locomotive tests (bar holding test and wire mesh ascending test), while ascorbic acid ameliorated these harmful effects. Present results suggest that the change of OPN is associated with myelination in the developing cerebellum. The results also demonstrated that exposure to Pb is harmful, while ascorbic acid treatment is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea.
| | - Jin Seok Seo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea.
| | - Sang-Soep Nahm
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea.
| | - Byung-Joon Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea.
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Alehagen U, Alexander J, Aaseth J, Larsson A. Decrease in inflammatory biomarker concentration by intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10: a subanalysis of osteopontin, osteoprotergerin, TNFr1, TNFr2 and TWEAK. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2019; 16:5. [PMID: 30923464 PMCID: PMC6421641 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-019-0210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 has been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality, and increase cardiac function in elderly persons with a low intake of selenium. There are indications that one of the mechanisms of this positive effect is a decrease in inflammation. Methods Osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, sTNF receptor 1, sTNF receptor 2 and the tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis called TWEAK, were determined in plasma after 6 months and 42 months in 219 community-living elderly persons, of whom 119 received supplements of selenium (200 μg/day) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/day), and 101 received a placebo. Repeated measures of variance were used to evaluate the levels, and the results were validated through ANCOVA analyses with adjustments for important covariates. Results Significantly lower concentrations of four of the five biomarkers for inflammation were observed as a result of the intervention with the supplements. Only TWEAK did not show significant differences. Conclusion In this sub-analysis of the intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10 or placebo in an elderly community-living population, biomarkers for inflammation were evaluated. A significantly lower concentration in four of the five biomarkers tested could be demonstrated as a result of the supplementation, indicating a robust effect on the inflammatory system. The decrease in inflammation could be one of the mechanisms behind the positive clinical results on reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality reported earlier as a result of the intervention. The study is small and should be regarded as hypothesis-generating, but nonetheless adds important data about mechanisms presently known to increase the risk of clinical effects such as reduced cardiovascular mortality, increased cardiac function and better health-related quality of life scoring, as previously demonstrated in the active treatment group . Trial registration The intervention study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, and has the identifier NCT01443780 and registered on 09/30/2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Alehagen
- 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Alexander
- 2Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Aaseth
- 3Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway.,4Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2411 Elverum, Norway
| | - Anders Larsson
- 5Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Nandkeolyar S, Naqvi A, Fan W, Sharma A, Rana JS, Rozanski A, Shaw L, Friedman JD, Hayes S, Dey D, Wong ND, Berman DS. Utility of novel serum biomarkers to predict subclinical atherosclerosis: A sub-analysis of the EISNER study. Atherosclerosis 2019; 282:80-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Paul A, Comabella M, Gandhi R. Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a029058. [PMID: 29500303 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative autoimmune disease with a complex clinical course characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration. Diagnosis of MS most commonly includes finding lesions in at least two separate areas of the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. In recent years, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of available treatments for MS. An optimal treatment is usually based on a personalized approach determined by an individual patient's prognosis and treatment risks. Biomarkers that can predict disability progression, monitor ongoing disease activity, and assess treatment response are integral in making important decisions regarding MS treatment. This review describes MS biomarkers that are currently being used in clinical practice; it also reviews and consolidates published findings from clinically relevant potential MS biomarkers in recent years. The work also discusses the challenges of validating and application of biomarkers in MS clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Paul
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Manuel Comabella
- Department of Neurology, MS Centre of Catalonia, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Roopali Gandhi
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Zhou Z, Matsumoto T, Jankowski V, Pernow J, Mustafa SJ, Duncker DJ, Merkus D. Uridine adenosine tetraphosphate and purinergic signaling in cardiovascular system: An update. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:32-45. [PMID: 30553823 PMCID: PMC6685433 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4A), biosynthesized by activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2, was initially identified as a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor in perfused rat kidney. Subsequently, the effect of Up4A on vascular tone regulation was intensively investigated in arteries isolated from different vascular beds in rodents including rat pulmonary arteries, aortas, mesenteric and renal arteries as well as mouse aortas, in which Up4A produces vascular contraction. In contrast, Up4A produces vascular relaxation in porcine coronary small arteries and rat aortas. Intravenous infusion of Up4A into conscious rats or mice decreases blood pressure, and intravenous bolus injection of Up4A into anesthetized mice increases coronary blood flow, indicating an overall vasodilator influence in vivo. Although Up4A is the first dinucleotide described that contains both purine and pyrimidine moieties, its cardiovascular effects are exerted mainly through activation of purinergic receptors. These effects not only encompass regulation of vascular tone, but also endothelial angiogenesis, smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and vascular calcification. Furthermore, this review discusses a potential role for Up4A in cardiovascular pathophysiology, as plasma levels of Up4A are elevated in juvenile hypertensive patients and Up4A-mediated vascular purinergic signaling changes in cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Better understanding the vascular effect of the novel dinucleotide Up4A and the purinergic signaling mechanisms mediating its effects will enhance its potential as target for treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vera Jankowski
- RWTH-Aachen, Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany
| | - John Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Jamal Mustafa
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Becerril S, Rodríguez A, Catalán V, Ramírez B, Unamuno X, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G. iNOS Gene Ablation Prevents Liver Fibrosis in Leptin-Deficient ob/ob Mice. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10030184. [PMID: 30818874 PMCID: PMC6470935 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is complex and dynamic, involving the synthesis and degradation of different ECM components, including tenascin C (TNC). The aim was to analyze the influence of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) deletion on inflammation and ECM remodeling in the liver of ob/ob mice, since a functional relationship between leptin and iNOS has been described. The expression of molecules involved in inflammation and ECM remodeling was analyzed in the liver of double knockout (DBKO) mice simultaneously lacking the ob and the iNOS genes. Moreover, the effect of leptin was studied in the livers of ob/ob mice and compared to wild-type rodents. Liver inflammation and fibrosis were increased in leptin-deficient mice. As expected, leptin treatment reverted the obesity phenotype. iNOS deletion in ob/ob mice improved insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and fibrogenesis, as evidenced by lower macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition as well as downregulation of the proinflammatory and profibrogenic genes including Tnc. Circulating TNC levels were also decreased. Furthermore, leptin upregulated TNC expression and release via NO-dependent mechanisms in AML12 hepatic cells. iNOS deficiency in ob/ob mice improved liver inflammation and ECM remodeling-related genes, decreasing fibrosis, and metabolic dysfunction. The activation of iNOS by leptin is necessary for the synthesis and secretion of TNC in hepatocytes, suggesting an important role of this alarmin in the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Xabier Unamuno
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
- Medical Engineering Laboratory, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Ho CC, Wu WT, Chen YC, Liou SH, Yet SF, Lee CH, Tsai HT, Weng CY, Tsai MH, Lin P. Identification of osteopontin as a biomarker of human exposure to fine particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:975-985. [PMID: 30682754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure is associated with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases; however, there is scant research linking data on animal and human cells. The objective of this study was to investigate these associations. Vascular remodeling plays a crucial role in both pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis using vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to identify potential regulators or markers of PM exposure. We demonstrated that fine and coarse PM increased VSMC proliferation in mice. We conducted a genome-wide cDNA microarray analysis, followed by a pathway analysis of VSMCs treated with coarse PM for durations of 24, 48, and 72 h. Sixteen genes were discovered to be time-dependently upregulated and involved in VSMC proliferation. Osteopontin (OPN) is indicated as one of the regulators of these upregulated genes. Both fine and coarse PM from industrial and urban areas significantly increased OPN expression in VSMCs and macrophages. Moreover, oropharyngeal instillation of fine and coarse PM for 8 weeks increased the VSMCs in the pulmonary arteries of mice. OPN level was consistently increased in the lung tissues, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and serum of mice. Moreover, we analyzed the plasma OPN levels of 72 healthy participants recruited from the studied metropolitan area. Each participant wore a personal PM2.5 sampler to assess their PM2.5 exposure over a 24 h period. Our results indicate that personal exposure to fine PM is positively correlated with plasma OPN level in young adults. The data obtained in this study suggest that exposure to fine and coarse PM may cause pulmonary vascular lesions in humans and that OPN level may be a biomarker of PM exposure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Ho
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wei-Te Wu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Saou-Hsing Liou
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chia-Huei Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hui-Ti Tsai
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chen-Yi Weng
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
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Modulatory effects of fibronectin on calcium oxalate crystallization, growth, aggregation, adhesion on renal tubular cells, and invasion through extracellular matrix. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:235-246. [PMID: 30701361 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, has been thought to be involved in pathogenic mechanisms of kidney stone disease, especially calcium oxalate (CaOx) type. Nevertheless, its precise roles in modulation of CaOx crystal remained unclear. We thus performed a systematic evaluation of effects of fibronectin on CaOx monohydrate (COM) crystal (the major causative chemical crystal in kidney stone formation) in various stages of kidney stone pathogenesis, including crystallization, crystal growth, aggregation, adhesion onto renal tubular cells, and invasion through ECM in renal interstitium. The data showed that fibronectin significantly decreased crystallization, growth and adhesive capability of COM crystals in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, COM crystal aggregation and invasion through ECM migration chamber were significantly enhanced by fibronectin in a dose-dependent fashion. Sequence analysis revealed three calcium-binding and six oxalate-binding domains in fibronectin. Immunofluorescence study confirmed binding of fibronectin to COM crystals. Additionally, calcium- and oxalate-affinity assays confirmed depletion of both calcium and oxalate ions after incubation with fibronectin. Moreover, calcium-saturated and oxalate-saturated forms of fibronectin markedly reduced the modulatory activities of fibronectin on COM crystallization, crystal growth, aggregation, and adhesion onto the cells. These data strongly indicate the dual functions of fibronectin, which serves as an inhibitor for COM crystallization, crystal growth and adhesion onto renal tubular cells, but on the other hand, acts as a promoter for COM crystal aggregation and invasion through ECM. Finally, its COM crystal modulatory activities are most likely mediated through binding with calcium and oxalate ions on the crystals and in their environment.
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130
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Bäck M, Aranyi T, Cancela ML, Carracedo M, Conceição N, Leftheriotis G, Macrae V, Martin L, Nitschke Y, Pasch A, Quaglino D, Rutsch F, Shanahan C, Sorribas V, Szeri F, Valdivielso P, Vanakker O, Kempf H. Endogenous Calcification Inhibitors in the Prevention of Vascular Calcification: A Consensus Statement From the COST Action EuroSoftCalcNet. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 5:196. [PMID: 30713844 PMCID: PMC6345677 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical deposition of calcium-phosphate in the arterial wall is prevented by calcification inhibitors. Studies in cohorts of patients with rare genetic diseases have shed light on the consequences of loss-of-function mutations for different calcification inhibitors, and genetic targeting of these pathways in mice have generated a clearer picture on the mechanisms involved. For example, generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is caused by mutations in the enzyme ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (eNPP1), preventing the hydrolysis of ATP into pyrophosphate (PPi). The importance of PPi for inhibiting arterial calcification has been reinforced by the protective effects of PPi in various mouse models displaying ectopic calcifications. Besides PPi, Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) has been shown to be another potent calcification inhibitor as Keutel patients carrying a mutation in the encoding gene or Mgp-deficient mice develop spontaneous calcification of the arterial media. Whereas PPi and MGP represent locally produced calcification inhibitors, also systemic factors contribute to protection against arterial calcification. One such example is Fetuin-A, which is mainly produced in the liver and which forms calciprotein particles (CPPs), inhibiting growth of calcium-phosphate crystals in the blood and thereby preventing their soft tissue deposition. Other calcification inhibitors with potential importance for arterial calcification include osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, and klotho. The aim of the present review is to outline the latest insights into how different calcification inhibitors prevent arterial calcification both under physiological conditions and in the case of disturbed calcium-phosphate balance, and to provide a consensus statement on their potential therapeutic role for arterial calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bäck
- Translational Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholmt, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamas Aranyi
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Algarve Biomedical Centre, Centre of Marine Sciences/CCMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Miguel Carracedo
- Translational Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholmt, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natércia Conceição
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Algarve Biomedical Centre, Centre of Marine Sciences/CCMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Georges Leftheriotis
- LP2M, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis and Vascular Physiology and Medicine, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Vicky Macrae
- The Roslin Institute and Royal School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Martin
- PXE Reference Center, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Yvonne Nitschke
- Department of General Pediatrics, Münster University Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Frank Rutsch
- Department of General Pediatrics, Münster University Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Catherine Shanahan
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Sorribas
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Flora Szeri
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pedro Valdivielso
- Internal Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Olivier Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hervé Kempf
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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MT4-MMP: The GPI-Anchored Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloprotease with Multiple Functions in Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020354. [PMID: 30654475 PMCID: PMC6359745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MT4-MMP (or MMP17) belongs to the Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT-MMP) family. This family of proteases contributes to extracellular matrix remodeling during several physiological processes, including embryogenesis, organogenesis, tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, wound healing, and inflammation. MT4-MMP (MMP17) presents unique characteristics compared to other members of the family in terms of sequence homology, substrate specificity, and internalization mode, suggesting distinct physiological and pathological functions. While the physiological functions of MT4-MMP are poorly understood, it has been involved in different pathological processes such as arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer progression. The mt4-mmp transcript has been detected in a large diversity of cancers. The contribution of MT4-MMP to tumor development has been further investigated in gastric cancer, colon cancer, head and neck cancer, and more deeply in breast cancer. Given its contribution to different pathologies, particularly cancers, MT4-MMP represents an interesting therapeutic target. In this review, we examine its biological and structural properties, and we propose an overview of its physiological and pathological functions.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease and osteoporosis (OP) have become increasing challenges in the aging population and even more in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In this review, we discuss how the epidemiology and pathogenesis of CV events and OP are overlapping. Smoking, diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity as conventional risk factors as well as systemic inflammation are among the modifiable risk factors for both CV events and bone loss. In rheumatic patients, systemic “high-grade” inflammation may be the primary driver of accelerated atherogenesis and bone resorption. In the general population, in which some individuals might have low-grade systemic inflammation, a holistic approach to drug treatment and lifestyle modifications may have beneficial effects on the bone as well as the vasculature. In rheumatic patients with accelerated inflammatory atherosclerosis and bone loss, the rapid and effective suppression of inflammation in a treat-to-target regime, aiming at clinical remission, is necessary to effectively control comorbidities.
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Powell MA, Black RT, Smith TL, Reeves TM, Phillips LL. Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and Osteopontin Interact to Support Synaptogenesis in the Olfactory Bulb after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:1615-1631. [PMID: 30444175 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptor axons reinnervate the olfactory bulb (OB) after chemical or transection lesion. Diffuse brain injury damages the same axons, but the time course and regulators of OB reinnervation are unknown. Gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]2, MMP9) and their substrate osteopontin (OPN) are candidate mediators of synaptogenesis after central nervous system (CNS) insult, including olfactory axon damage. Here, we examined the time course of MMP9, OPN, and OPN receptor CD44 response to diffuse OB injury. FVBV/NJ mice received mild midline fluid percussion insult (mFPI), after which MMP9 activity and both OPN and CD44 protein expression were measured. Diffuse mFPI induced time-dependent increase in OB MMP9 activity and elevated the cell signaling 48-kD OPN fragment. This response was bimodal at 1 and 7 days post-injury. MMP9 activity was also correlated with 7-day reduction in a second 32-kD OPN peptide. CD44 increase peaked at 3 days, delayed relative to MMP9/OPN response. MMP9 and OPN immunohistochemistry suggested that deafferented tufted and mitral neurons were the principal sites for these molecular interactions. Analysis of injured MMP9 knockout (KO) mice showed that 48-kD OPN production was dependent on OB MMP9 activity, but with no KO effect on CD44 induction. Olfactory marker protein (OMP), used to identify injured olfactory axons, revealed persistent axon damage in the absence of MMP9. MMP9 KO ultrastructure at 21 days post-injury indicated that persistent OMP reduction was paired with delayed removal of degenerated axons. These results provide evidence that diffuse, concussive brain trauma induces a post-injury interaction between MMP9, OPN, and CD44, which mediates synaptic plasticity and reinnervation within the OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Powell
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virgina
| | - Raiford T Black
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virgina
| | - Terry L Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virgina
| | - Thomas M Reeves
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virgina
| | - Linda L Phillips
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virgina
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Sharif S, Bots ML, Schalkwijk C, Stehouwer CDA, Visseren FLJ, Westerink J. Association between bone metabolism regulators and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes patients. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:1245-1252. [PMID: 30017437 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Osteopontin (OPN), osteonectin (ON) and osteocalcin (OC) play an important role in the development of vascular calcifications, but it is unclear whether these bone metabolism regulators contribute to the development of arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes patients. We therefore aim to determine the relationship between plasma concentrations of OPN, ON, OC and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 1003 type 2 diabetes patients included in the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART)-cohort. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the relation between plasma levels of OPN, ON and OC and arterial stiffness as measured by pulse pressure (PP), ankle-brachial index (ABI) (≥0.9), carotid artery distension and an arterial stiffness summary score. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, kidney function, diabetes duration and diastolic blood pressure. Higher OPN plasma levels were significantly related to a lower ABI (β-0.013; 95%CI -0.024 to -0.002) and a higher arterial stiffness summary score (OR1.24; 95%CI 1.03-1.49). OPN levels were not related to PP (β 0.59; 95%CI -0.63-1.81) or absolute carotid artery distention (β -7.03; 95%CI -20.00-5.93). ON and OC plasma levels were not related to any of the arterial stiffness measures. CONCLUSION Only elevated plasma levels of OPN are associated with increased arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes as measured by the ankle-brachial index and arterial stiffness summary score. These findings indicate that OPN may be involved in the pathophysiology of arterial stiffness and call for further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharif
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F L J Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Westerink
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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135
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Ali Khan A, Hansson J, Weber P, Foehr S, Krijgsveld J, Herzig S, Scheideler M. Comparative Secretome Analyses of Primary Murine White and Brown Adipocytes Reveal Novel Adipokines. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2358-2370. [PMID: 30135203 PMCID: PMC6283297 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipose organ, including white and brown adipose tissues, is an important player in systemic energy homeostasis, storing excess energy in form of lipids while releasing energy upon various energy demands. Recent studies have demonstrated that white and brown adipocytes also function as endocrine cells and regulate systemic metabolism by secreting factors that act locally and systemically. However, a comparative proteomic analysis of secreted factors from white and brown adipocytes and their responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation has not been reported yet. Therefore, we studied and compared the secretome of white and brown adipocytes, with and without norepinephrine (NE) stimulation. Our results reveal that carbohydrate-metabolism-regulating proteins are preferably secreted from white adipocytes, while brown adipocytes predominantly secrete a large variety of proteins. Upon NE stimulation, an increased secretion of known adipokines is favored by white adipocytes while brown adipocytes secreted higher amounts of novel adipokines. Furthermore, the secretory response between NE-stimulated and basal state was multifaceted addressing lipid and glucose metabolism, adipogenesis, and antioxidative reactions. Intriguingly, NE stimulation drastically changed the secretome in brown adipocytes. In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive catalogue of novel adipokine candidates secreted from white and brown adipocytes with many of them responsive to NE. Given the beneficial effects of brown adipose tissue activation on its endocrine function and systemic metabolism, this study provides an archive of novel batokine candidates and biomarkers for activated brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrar Ali Khan
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Hansson
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Weber
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Foehr
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany; Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany; Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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136
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Tintut Y, Hsu JJ, Demer LL. Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Calcification: Potential Targets and Challenges. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:172. [PMID: 30533416 PMCID: PMC6265366 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously considered a degenerative process, cardiovascular calcification is now established as an active process that is regulated in several ways by lipids, phospholipids, and lipoproteins. These compounds serve many of the same functions in vascular and valvular calcification as they do in skeletal bone calcification. Hyperlipidemia leads to accumulation of lipoproteins in the subendothelial space of cardiovascular tissues, which leads to formation of mildly oxidized phospholipids, which are known bioactive factors in vascular cell calcification. One lipoprotein of particular interest is Lp(a), which showed genome-wide significance for the presence of aortic valve calcification and stenosis. It carries an important enzyme, autotaxin, which produces lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and thus has a key role in inflammation among other functions. Matrix vesicles, extruded from the plasma membrane of cells, are the sites of initiation of mineral formation. Phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid in the membranes of matrix vesicles, is believed to complex with calcium and phosphate ions, creating a nidus for hydroxyapatite crystal formation in cardiovascular as well as in skeletal bone mineralization. This review focuses on the contributions of lipids, phospholipids, lipoproteins, and autotaxin in cardiovascular calcification, and discusses possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Hsu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Linda L Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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137
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Liquefaction of the Brain following Stroke Shares a Similar Molecular and Morphological Profile with Atherosclerosis and Mediates Secondary Neurodegeneration in an Osteopontin-Dependent Mechanism. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-CFN-0076-18. [PMID: 30417081 PMCID: PMC6223114 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0076-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we used mouse models of heart and brain ischemia to compare the inflammatory response to ischemia in the heart, a protein rich organ, to the inflammatory response to ischemia in the brain, a lipid rich organ. We report that ischemia-induced inflammation resolves between one and four weeks in the heart compared to between eight and 24 weeks in the brain. Importantly, we discovered that a second burst of inflammation occurs in the brain between four and eight weeks following ischemia, which coincided with the appearance of cholesterol crystals within the infarct. This second wave shares a similar cellular and molecular profile with atherosclerosis and is characterized by high levels of osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In order to test the role of OPN in areas of liquefactive necrosis, OPN-/- mice were subjected to brain ischemia. We found that at seven weeks following stroke, the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins and MMPs was profoundly reduced in the infarct of the OPN-/- mice, although the number of cholesterol crystals was increased. OPN-/- mice exhibited faster recovery of motor function and a higher number of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) positive cells in the peri-infarct area at seven weeks following stroke. Based on these findings we propose that the brain liquefies after stroke because phagocytic cells in the infarct are unable to efficiently clear cholesterol rich myelin debris, and that this leads to the perpetuation of an OPN-dependent inflammatory response characterized by high levels of degradative enzymes.
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138
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Broekaart DWM, Anink JJ, Baayen JC, Idema S, de Vries HE, Aronica E, Gorter JA, van Vliet EA. Activation of the innate immune system is evident throughout epileptogenesis and is associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction and seizure progression. Epilepsia 2018; 59:1931-1944. [PMID: 30194729 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because brain inflammation may contribute to the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), we investigated the expression of various inflammatory markers of the innate and adaptive immune system in the epileptogenic human and rat hippocampus in relation to seizure activity and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed using various immune cell markers (for microglia, monocytes, macrophages, T lymphocytes, and dendritic cells) on hippocampal sections of drug-resistant TLE patients and patients who died after status epilepticus. The expression of these markers was also studied in the electrical post-status epilepticus rat model for TLE, during the acute, latent, and chronic epileptic phase. BBB dysfunction was assessed using albumin immunohistochemistry and the BBB tracer fluorescein. RESULTS Monocyte infiltration, microglia, and perivascular macrophage activation were persistently increased in both epileptogenic human and rat hippocampus, whereas T lymphocytes and dendritic cells were not or were scarcely detected. In addition to this, increased expression of C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) and osteopontin was observed. In humans, the expression of CD68 and CCL2 was related to the duration of epilepsy and type of pathology. In rats, the expression of CD68, CCL2, and the perivascular macrophage marker CD163 was related to the duration of the initial insult and to the number of spontaneous seizures. Interestingly, the number of CD163-positive perivascular macrophages was also positively correlated to BBB dysfunction in chronic epileptic rats. SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest a proepileptogenic role for monocytes/macrophages and other cells of the innate immune response, possibly via increased BBB leakage, and indicate that T cells and dendritic cells, which are closely associated with the adaptive immune response, are only sparsely infiltrated during epileptogenesis in the electrical post-status epilepticus rat model. Future studies should reveal the relative importance of these immune cells and whether specific manipulation can modify or prevent epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diede W M Broekaart
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes C Baayen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Idema
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Gorter
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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139
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Lovett AC, Khan SR, Gower LB. Development of a two-stage in vitro model system to investigate the mineralization mechanisms involved in idiopathic stone formation: stage 1-biomimetic Randall's plaque using decellularized porcine kidneys. Urolithiasis 2018; 47:321-334. [PMID: 29777258 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-1060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formers form stones that are commonly attached to calcium phosphate (CaP) deposits in the renal tissue, known as Randall's plaques (RP). Plaques are suggested to originate in the renal tubular basement membrane, where they exhibit a morphology of concentrically laminated apatitic spherules, while in the interstitial regions, the collagen fibrils and vesicles become mineralized. We hypothesize that these minerals might form by non-classical crystallization mechanisms, such as via amorphous precursors, some of which might originate from a polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) process. Thus, our goal is to identify mineralogical 'signatures' of various stone formation mechanisms. To do this for idiopathic CaOx stones, we are developing a two-stage model system of CaP-CaOx composite stones, consisting of stage (1) CaP mineralized plaque, followed by stage (2) CaOx overgrowth into a stone. For the studies presented here, decellularized porcine kidneys were mineralized with CaP using polyaspartic acid or the protein osteopontin (OPN) to induce the PILP process and create biomimetic RP. Analysis of the PILP-mineralized tissues shows features that resemble the native plaques, including mineral spherules and collagen with intrafibrillar mineral. In contrast, the classical crystallization produced large apatitic spherulites, which is a very different morphology, but one which is also found in some stones. An alternative hypothesis regarding Randall's plaque, and if or when it becomes pathological, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana C Lovett
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Saeed R Khan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Laurie B Gower
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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140
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Zhang R, Wang Y, Chen L, Wang R, Li C, Li X, Fang B, Ren X, Ruan M, Liu J, Xiong Q, Zhang L, Jin Y, Zhang M, Liu X, Li L, Chen Q, Pan D, Li R, Cooper DKC, Yang H, Dai Y. Reducing immunoreactivity of porcine bioprosthetic heart valves by genetically-deleting three major glycan antigens, GGTA1/β4GalNT2/CMAH. Acta Biomater 2018; 72:196-205. [PMID: 29631050 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) originating from pigs are extensively used for heart valve replacement in clinics. However, recipient immune responses associated with chronic calcification lead to structural valve deterioration (SVD) of BHVs. Two well-characterized epitopes on porcine BHVs have been implicated in SVD, including galactose-α1,3-galactose (αGal) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) whose synthesis are catalyzed by α(1,3) galactosyltransferase (encoded by the GGTA1 gene) and CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (encoded by the CMAH gene), respectively. It has been reported that BHV from αGal-knockout pigs are associated with a significantly reduced immune response by human serum. Moreover, valves from αGal/Neu5Gc-deficient pigs could further reduce human IgM/IgG binding when compared to BHV from αGal-knockout pigs. Recently, another swine xenoantigen, Sd(a), produced by β-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 2 (β4GalNT2), has been identified. To explore whether tissue from GGTA1, CMAH, and β4GalNT2 triple gene-knockout (TKO) pigs would further minimize human antibody binding to porcine pericardium, TKO pigs were successfully produced by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene targeting. Our results showed that the expression of αGal, Neu5G and Sd(a) on TKO pigs was negative, and that human IgG/IgM binding to pericardium was minimal. Moreover, the analysis of collagen composition and physical characteristics of porcine pericardium from the TKO pigs indicated that elimination of the three xenoantigens had no significant impact on the physical proprieties of porcine pericardium. Our results demonstrated that TKO pigs would be an ideal source of BHVs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Surgical heart valve replacement is an established lifesaving treatment for diseased heart valve. Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) made from glutaraldehyde-fixed porcine or bovine tissues are widely used in clinics but exhibit age-dependent structural valve degeneration (SVD) which is associated with the immune response against BHVs. Three major xenoantigens present on commercial BHVs, Galactosea α1,3 galactose (αGal), N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and glycan products of β-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 2 (β4GalNT2) are eliminated through CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene targeting in the present study. The genetically modified porcine pericardium showed reduced immunogenicity but comparable collagen composition and physical characteristics of the pericardium from wild-type pigs. Our data suggested that BHVs from TKO pigs is a promising alternative for currently available BHVs from wild-type pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ronggen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xueyang Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Miaomiao Ruan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qiang Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Manling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Dengke Pan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rongfeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - David K C Cooper
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Haiyuan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China.
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Abo El-Asrar M, Ismail EAR, Thabet RA, Kamel AS, NehmedAllah S. Osteopontin as a marker of vasculopathy in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Relation to vascular structure. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:1107-1115. [PMID: 29687557 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with serious micro-vascular and macro-vascular complications. Osteopontin (OPN) has emerged as a strong predictor of incipient diabetic nephropathy and a first-ever cardiovascular event in adults with T1DM. OPN is linked to coronary atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that OPN could be a potential marker for micro-vascular complications in children and adolescents with T1DM and we assessed its relation to carotid and aortic intima media thickness (CIMT and AIMT) as non-invasive index for subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS Eighty patients with T1DM ≤18 years were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of micro-vascular complications and compared with 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Fasting blood glucose, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), HbA1c, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), OPN, CIMT, and AIMT were assessed. RESULTS Both CIMT and AIMT were significantly higher in patients with and without micro-vascular complications compared with healthy controls (P < .001). OPN concentrations were significantly elevated in all diabetic patients compared with controls (P = .002). OPN was also significantly higher in patients with micro-vascular complications than patients without (P < .001) but levels were comparable among those without complications and controls (P = .322). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that OPN cut-off value 90 ng/mL could differentiate patients with and without micro-vascular complications with 81.7% sensitivity and 95.8% specificity. Significant positive correlations were found between OPN and HbA1c, UACR, CIMT, and AIMT. CONCLUSIONS OPN could be considered a marker of vasculopathy and subclinical atherosclerosis in pediatric T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ashraf Sayed Kamel
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt
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Okada A, Hamamoto S, Taguchi K, Unno R, Sugino T, Ando R, Mizuno K, Tozawa K, Kohri K, Yasui T. Kidney stone formers have more renal parenchymal crystals than non-stone formers, particularly in the papilla region. BMC Urol 2018. [PMID: 29530009 PMCID: PMC5848581 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-018-0331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the renoprotective ability of healthy people against kidney stone formation. To clarify intratubular crystal kinetics and processing in human kidneys, we performed a quantitative and morphological observation of nephrectomized renal parenchyma tissues. METHODS Clinical data and pathological samples from 60 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cancer were collected from June 2004 to June 2010. The patients were retrospectively classified as stone formers (SFs; n = 30, kidney stones detected by preoperative computed tomography) and non-stone formers (NSFs; n = 30, no kidney stone history). The morphology of parenchymal intratubular crystals and kidney stone-related gene and protein expression levels were examined in noncancerous renal sections from both groups. RESULTS SFs had a higher smoking rate (P = 0.0097); lower red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values; and higher urinary red blood cell, white blood cell, and bacterial counts than NSFs. Scanning electron microscopy revealed calcium-containing crystal deposits and crystal attachment to the renal tubular lumen in both groups. Both groups demonstrated crystal transmigration from the tubular lumen to the interstitium. The crystal diffusion analysis indicated a significantly higher crystal existing ratio in the medulla and papilla of SFs and a significantly higher number of papillary crystal deposits in SFs than NSFs. The expression analysis indicated relatively high osteopontin and CD68, low superoxide dismutase, and significantly lower Tamm-Horsfall protein expression levels in SFs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis involving the above factors found the presence of renal papillary crystals as a significant independent factor related to SFs (odds ratio 5.55, 95% confidence interval 1.08-37.18, P = 0.0395). CONCLUSIONS Regardless of stone formation, intratubular crystals in the renal parenchyma seem to transmigrate to the interstitium. SFs may have reduced ability to eliminate renal parenchymal crystals, particularly those in the papilla region, than NSFs with associated gene expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okada
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Shuzo Hamamoto
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazumi Taguchi
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Rei Unno
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Teruaki Sugino
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ando
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mizuno
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tozawa
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kohri
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
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143
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Carbone F, Rigamonti F, Burger F, Roth A, Bertolotto M, Spinella G, Pane B, Palombo D, Pende A, Bonaventura A, Liberale L, Vecchié A, Dallegri F, Mach F, Montecucco F. Serum levels of osteopontin predict major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with severe carotid artery stenosis. Int J Cardiol 2018; 255:195-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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144
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Li XY, Li QM, Fang Q, Zha XQ, Pan LH, Luo JP. Laminaria japonica Polysaccharide Inhibits Vascular Calcification via Preventing Osteoblastic Differentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1821-1827. [PMID: 29415538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b06115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of a purified Laminaria japonica polysaccharide (LJP61A) on preventing vascular calcification (VC). In the adenine-induced chronic renal failure (CRF) mice VC model and the β-glycerophosphate (β-GP)-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) calcification model, LJP61A was found to significantly inhibit VC phenotypes as determined by biochemical analysis and von Kossa, alizarin red, and immunohistochemical staining. Meanwhile, LJP61A remarkably up-regulated the mRNA levels of VSMC related markers and down-regulated the mRNA levels of sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter Pit-1. In addition, LJP61A could significantly decrease the protein levels of core-binding factor-1, osteocalcin, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand, and it can increase the protein levels of osteoprotegerin and matrix gla protein. These results indicated that LJP61A ameliorated VC both in vivo and in vitro via preventing osteoblastic differentiation of VSMC, suggesting LJP61A might be a potential therapeutic agent for VC in CRF patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Humans
- Laminaria/chemistry
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/cytology
- Osteoblasts/drug effects
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Osteocalcin/genetics
- Osteocalcin/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Polysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology
- Vascular Calcification/drug therapy
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying Li
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang-Ming Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Fang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Pan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
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145
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El-Din DSS, Amin AI, Egiza AO. Utility of Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 and Osteopontin as Prospective Biomarkers of Early Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018. [PMID: 29531595 PMCID: PMC5839439 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: This work investigated associations between tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 and diabetic cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients; also it investigated the role of osteopontin in the diagnosis of type 2 cardiovascular diabetes complications. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: These were examined on eighty subjects, divided into three groups as follows: twenty volunteer healthy control subjects, thirty type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and thirty cardiovascular, diabetic patients. Full clinical measurements were carried out, and the expression level of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 in blood samples was analysed by real-time PCR, using gene-specific primer pairs. Also osteopontin concentrations had been measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were tested statistically by parametric tests. RESULTS: The concentrations of osteopontin and the expression levels of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 were significantly increased in diabetic and cardiovascular diabetic groups compared to control group also they were significantly increased in the cardiovascular diabetic group compared to the diabetic group. CONCLUSION: Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 and osteopontin concentrations were significantly increased in diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications than other groups.
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146
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Wang SK, Green LA, Gutwein AR, Gupta AK, Babbey CM, Motaganahalli RL, Fajardo A, Murphy MP. Osteopontin may be a driver of abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. J Vasc Surg 2018; 68:22S-29S. [PMID: 29402664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous in vitro and animal studies have suggested that osteopontin (OPN), an inflammatory extracellular matrix protein, is involved in the formation and growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). However, the mechanism by which this occurs continues to be nebulous. The relationship between OPN and inflammation-suppressing lymphocytes present in the human AAA condition was investigated and presented herein. METHODS Serum OPN concentrations were measured in healthy, risk factor-matched non-AAA and AAA patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the source of OPN secretion using aortic tissue collected from multiorgan donors and AAA patients undergoing open surgical repair. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were exposed to various inflammatory mediators, and OPN expression was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and ELISA. The inflammatory nature of OPN and the aortic wall was determined using a TR1 suppressor cell induction assay as a surrogate and characterized by ELISA and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. RESULTS OPN was found to be elevated in both the plasma and aortic homogenate of AAA patients compared with controls. On immunohistochemistry, OPN localized to the tunica media of the diseased aorta but was minimally expressed in healthy aorta. In vitro, cigarette smoke extract was the most potent stimulator of OPN secretion by VSMCs and increased both messenger RNA and supernatant concentrations. OPN demonstrated an ability to inhibit the induction of interleukin 10-secreting TR1 lymphocytes, a depleted population in the AAA patient, from naive precursors. Last, neutralizing receptor targets of OPN in the setting of AAA homogenate coincubation abrogated the inhibition of TR1 induction. CONCLUSIONS OPN, secreted by the VSMCs of the tunica media, is elevated in the circulating plasma and aortic wall of patients with AAA. It can inhibit the induction of the TR1 suppressor cell, leading to an overall proinflammatory state contributing to progressive aortic wall breakdown and dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Keisin Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Linden A Green
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Ashley R Gutwein
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Alok K Gupta
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Clifford M Babbey
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Raghu L Motaganahalli
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Andres Fajardo
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.
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147
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Hoac B, Susan-Resiga D, Essalmani R, Marcinkiweicz E, Seidah NG, McKee MD. Osteopontin as a novel substrate for the proprotein convertase 5/6 (PCSK5) in bone. Bone 2018; 107:45-55. [PMID: 29126984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Seven proprotein convertases cleave the basic amino acid consensus sequence K/R-Xn-K/R↓ (where n=0, 2, 4 or 6 variable amino acids) to activate precursor proteins. Despite similarities in substrate specificity, basic amino acid-specific proprotein convertases have a distinct tissue distribution allowing for enzymatic actions on tissue-resident substrates. Proprotein convertase 5/6 (PC5/6) has two splice variants - soluble PC5/6A and membrane-bound PC5/6B - and is expressed during mouse development in many tissues including bone and tooth, but little is known about the substrates for PC5/6 therein. Osteopontin (OPN) is an abundant bone extracellular matrix protein with roles in mineralization, cell adhesion and cell migration, and it has putative consensus sequence sites for cleavage by PC5/6, which may modify its function in bone. Since PC5/6-knockout mouse embryos show developmental abnormalities, and reduced overall mineralization, we designed this study to determine whether OPN is a substrate of PC5/6. In silico analysis of OPN protein sequences identified four potential PC5/6 consensus cleavage sites in human OPN, and three sites - including a noncanonical sequence - in mouse OPN. Ex vivo co-transfections with human OPN revealed complete OPN cleavage reducing full-length OPN (~70kDa) to an N-terminal fragment migrating at ~50kDa and two C-terminal fragments at ~18kDa and ~16kDa. Direct cleavage of OPN by PC5/6A - the predominant isoform expressed in human osteoblast cells - was confirmed by cell-free enzyme-substrate assays and by mass spectrometry. The latter was also used to investigate potential cleavage sites. Co-transfections of PC5/6 and mouse OPN showed partial cleavage of OPN into a C-terminal OPN fragment migrating at ~30kDa and an N-terminal fragment migrating at ~29kDa. Micro-computed tomography of PC5/6-knockout embryos at E18.5 confirmed a reduction in mineralized bone, and in situ hybridization performed on cryo-sections of normal mouse bone using Pcsk5 and Opn anti-sense and control-sense cRNA probes indicated the co-localization of the expression of these genes in bone cells. This mRNA expression profile was supported by semi-quantitative RT-PCR using osteoblast primary cultures, and cultured MC3T3-E1 osteoblast and MLO-Y4 osteocyte cell lines. Immunoblotting for OPN from mouse bone extracts showed altered OPN processing in PC5/6-knockout mice compared to wildtype mice. OPN fragments migrated at ~25kDa and ~16kDa in wildtype bone and were not present in PC5/6-deficient bone. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Pcsk5 is expressed in bone-forming cells, and that OPN is a novel substrate for PC5/6. Cleavage of OPN by PC5/6 may modify the function of OPN in bone and/or modulate other enzymatic cleavages of OPN, leading to alterations in the bone phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Hoac
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Delia Susan-Resiga
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Affiliated with the University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rachid Essalmani
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Affiliated with the University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Edwige Marcinkiweicz
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Affiliated with the University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Affiliated with the University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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148
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Yilmaz KC, Bal UA, Karacaglar E, Okyay K, Aydinalp A, Yildirir A, Muderrisoglu H. Plasma osteopontin concentration is elevated in patients with coronary bare metal stent restenosis. Acta Cardiol 2018; 73:69-74. [PMID: 28841817 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1332313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteopontin is a component of atherosclerotic lesions, secreted by monocytes, macrophages and endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, which together are responsible for neointimal proliferation. We examined whether elevated plasma osteopontin concentration was associated with in-stent restenosis in patients with coronary artery disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We enrolled 91 patients who underwent coronary artery stenting, and 60 control patients with normal findings on coronary angiography, between June 2012 and September 2013. For patients with stents, we measured plasma osteopontin concentration at the first follow-up coronary angiogram. For controls, plasma osteopontin concentration was measured at the time of angiography. RESULTS Of the 91 patients who had undergone coronary artery stenting, 31 (34.1%) had developed in-stent restenosis and the mean time passed to control coronary angiography was 36.7 months (±SD 35.1 months). Mean plasma osteopontin concentration in this group was 2721.4 ± 1787.8 pg/ml, significantly higher than the 60 patients (65.9%) with no in-stent restenosis (1770.4 ± 1208.2 pg/ml, p = .011) and the 60 patients with a normal coronary angiogram (1572.4 ± 904.8 pg/ml, p = .002). There was no significant difference in mean osteopontin concentration between the patients with no in-stent restenosis and the control group (p = .312). CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma osteopontin concentration is associated with in-stent stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Further studies will be needed to establish whether osteopontin can predict in-stent restenosis and guide clinical management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Can Yilmaz
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ugur Abbas Bal
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emir Karacaglar
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Okyay
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alp Aydinalp
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Yildirir
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haldun Muderrisoglu
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
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149
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Abstract
Hypertension is a complex disorder in which multiple genes, pathways, and organ systems simultaneously interact to contribute to the final level of blood pressure. Fully elucidating these interactions is an important area of hypertension research and one in which high-throughput methods such as microarrays can play a key role. With recent advances in microarray technology, reliable and accurate quantification of all known mRNA transcripts in a sample is now routinely performed. In addition, with improved statistical methods and publicly available tools and resources, robust analysis of the large amount of data generated from microarray experiments is now achievable for all research laboratories as will be outlined in this review.
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150
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Farnoodian M, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. PEDF expression affects the oxidative and inflammatory state of choroidal endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 314:C456-C472. [PMID: 29351407 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00259.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss among the elderly population, and is associated with severe macular degeneration and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Although the pathogenesis of AMD is associated with choroidal dysfunction and CNV, the detailed underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Altered production of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a neuroprotective and antiangiogenic factor, contributes to CNV. Furthermore, exogenous PEDF mitigates angiogenesis in preclinical CNV models. How PEDF expression affects choroidal endothelial cell (ChEC) function is unknown. Here we isolated ChECs from PEDF+/+ and PEDF-deficient (PEDF-/-) mice and determined the impact of PEDF expression on the proangiogenic and pro-inflammatory properties of ChECs. We showed that PEDF expression significantly affects the proliferation, migration, adhesion, and oxidative and inflammatory state of ChECs. The PEDF-/- ChECs were, however, more sensitive to H2O2 challenge and exhibited increased rate of apoptosis and oxidative stress. We also observed a significant increase in production of cytokines with a primary role in inflammation and angiogenesis including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and osteopontin, and a reprograming of chemokines and cytokines expression profiles in PEDF-/- ChECs. Collectively, our results indicate that PEDF expression has a significant impact on oxidative and inflammatory properties of ChECs, whose alteration could contribute to pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases including exudative AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Farnoodian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christine M Sorenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin
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