101
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Melstrom LG, Salazar MD, Diamond DJ. The pancreatic cancer microenvironment: A true double agent. J Surg Oncol 2017; 116:7-15. [PMID: 28605029 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer is a complex balance of pro- and anti-tumor components. The dense desmoplasia consists of immune cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, cytokines, and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) or pancreatic stellate cells (PSC). There are a multitude of targets including hyaluronan, angiogenesis, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), CD40, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR-4), immunotherapy, and Vitamin D. The developing clinical therapeutics will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh G Melstrom
- Department of Surgery and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Marcela D Salazar
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Don J Diamond
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
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102
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Page A, Bravo A, Suarez-Cabrera C, Alameda JP, Casanova ML, Lorz C, Segrelles C, Segovia JC, Paramio JM, Navarro M, Ramirez A. IKKβ-Mediated Resistance to Skin Cancer Development Is Ink4a/Arf-Dependent. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1255-1264. [PMID: 28584022 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IKKβ (encoded by IKBKB) is a protein kinase that regulates the activity of numerous proteins important in several signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB pathway. IKKβ exerts a protumorigenic role in several animal models of lung, hepatic, intestinal, and oral cancer. In addition, genomic and proteomic studies of human tumors also indicate that IKBKB gene is amplified or overexpressed in multiple tumor types. Here, the relevance of IKKβ in skin cancer was determined by performing carcinogenesis studies in animal models overexpressing IKKβ in the basal skin layer. IKKβ overexpression resulted in a striking resistance to skin cancer development and an increased expression of several tumor suppressor proteins, such as p53, p16, and p19. Mechanistically, this skin tumor-protective role of IKKβ is independent of p53, but dependent on the activity of the Ink4a/Arf locus. Interestingly, in the absence of p16 and p19, IKKβ-increased expression favors the appearance of cutaneous spindle cell-like squamous cell carcinomas, which are highly aggressive tumors. These results reveal that IKKβ activity prevents skin tumor development, and shed light on the complex nature of IKKβ effects on cancer progression, as IKKβ can both promote and prevent carcinogenesis depending on the cell type or molecular context.Implications: The ability of IKKβ to promote or prevent carcinogenesis suggests the need for further evaluation when targeting this protein. Mol Cancer Res; 15(9); 1255-64. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angustias Page
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Ana Bravo
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Cristian Suarez-Cabrera
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Josefa P Alameda
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - M Llanos Casanova
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Corina Lorz
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Carmen Segrelles
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - José C Segovia
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
- Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Manuel Navarro
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Angel Ramirez
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
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103
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Khalafalla FG, Khan MW. Inflammation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Fighting Against Multiple Opponents. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2017; 10:1179064417709287. [PMID: 28579826 PMCID: PMC5436837 DOI: 10.1177/1179064417709287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and one of the most lethal human cancers. Inflammation is a critical component in PDAC initiation and progression. Inflammation also contributes to the aggressiveness of PDAC indirectly via induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), altogether leading to enhanced resistance to chemotherapy and poor survival rates. This review gives an overview of the key pro-inflammatory signaling pathways involved in PDAC pathogenesis and discusses the role of inflammation in induction of EMT and development of chemoresistance in patients with PDAC.
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104
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Xie X, Tu J, You H, Hu B. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel EF24 and EF31 analogs as potential IκB kinase β inhibitors for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:1439-1451. [PMID: 28553074 PMCID: PMC5440027 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s133172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Given the important role that inhibitory kappa B (IκB) kinase β (IKKβ) plays in pancreatic cancer (PC) development and progression, inhibitors targeting IKKβ are believed to be increasingly popular as novel anti-PC therapies. Two synthetic molecules, named EF24 and EF31, exhibited favorable potential in terms of inhibition of both IKKβ activity and PC cell proliferation. Aiming to enhance their cellular efficacy and to analyze their structure–activity relationship, four series of EF24 and EF31 analogs were designed and synthesized. Through kinase activity and vitality screening of cancer cells, D6 displayed excellent inhibition of both IKKβ activity and PC cell proliferation. Additionally, multiple biological evaluations showed that D6 was directly bound to IKKβ and significantly suppressed the activation of the IKKβ/nuclear factor κB pathway induced by tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as effectively inducing cancer cell apoptosis. Moreover, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that the dominant force between D6 and IKKβ comprised hydrophobic interactions. In conclusion, D6 may be a promising therapeutic agent for PC treatment and it also provides a structural lead for the design of novel IKKβ inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Xie
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfu Tu
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Heyi You
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingren Hu
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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105
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Abstract
Acinar cells in the adult pancreas show high plasticity and can undergo transdifferentiation to a progenitor-like cell type with ductal characteristics. This process, termed acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), is an important feature facilitating pancreas regeneration after injury. Data from animal models show that cells that undergo ADM in response to oncogenic signalling are precursors for pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions, which can further progress to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). As human pancreatic adenocarcinoma is often diagnosed at a stage of metastatic disease, understanding the processes that lead to its initiation is important for the discovery of markers for early detection, as well as options that enable an early intervention. Here, the critical determinants of acinar cell plasticity are discussed, in addition to the intracellular and extracellular signalling events that drive acinar cell metaplasia and their contribution to development of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Room 306 Griffin Building, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
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106
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Khan MAA, Azim S, Zubair H, Bhardwaj A, Patel GK, Khushman M, Singh S, Singh AP. Molecular Drivers of Pancreatic Cancer Pathogenesis: Looking Inward to Move Forward. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040779. [PMID: 28383487 PMCID: PMC5412363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) continues to rank among the most lethal cancers. The consistent increase in incidence and mortality has made it the seventh leading cause of cancer-associated deaths globally and the third in the United States. The biggest challenge in combating PC is our insufficient understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying its complex biology. Studies during the last several years have helped identify several putative factors and events, both genetic and epigenetic, as well as some deregulated signaling pathways, with implications in PC onset and progression. In this review article, we make an effort to summarize our current understanding of molecular and cellular events involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatic malignancy. Specifically, we provide up-to-date information on the genetic and epigenetic changes that occur during the initiation and progression of PC and their functional involvement in the pathogenic processes. We also discuss the impact of the tumor microenvironment on the molecular landscape of PC and its role in aggressive disease progression. It is envisioned that a better understanding of these molecular factors and the mechanisms of their actions can help unravel novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and can also be exploited for future targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aslam Aslam Khan
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Shafquat Azim
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Haseeb Zubair
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Arun Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Girijesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Moh'd Khushman
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Clinical Oncology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
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107
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Gao J, Long B, Wang Z. Role of Notch signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:173-186. [PMID: 28337369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 09/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the highly aggressive malignancies in the United States. It has been shown that multiple signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of PC, such as JNK, PI3K/AKT, Rho GTPase, Hedgehog (Hh) and Skp2. In recent years, accumulated evidence has demonstrated that Notch signaling pathway plays critical roles in the development and progression of PC. Therefore, in this review we discuss the recent literature regarding the function and regulation of Notch in the pathogenesis of PC. Moreover, we describe that Notch signaling pathway could be down-regulated by its inhibitors or natural compounds, which could be a novel approach for the treatment of PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Gao
- Sichuan College of Tranditional Chinese Medicine Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Long
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mianyang 404 Hospital Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolMA 02215, USA
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108
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Döppler H, Storz P. Mitochondrial and Oxidative Stress-Mediated Activation of Protein Kinase D1 and Its Importance in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:41. [PMID: 28361035 PMCID: PMC5350125 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to alterations in their metabolic activity and decreased mitochondrial efficiency, cancer cells often show increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but at the same time, to avoid cytotoxic signaling and to facilitate tumorigenic signaling, have mechanism in place that keep ROS in check. This requires signaling molecules that convey increases in oxidative stress to signal to the nucleus to upregulate antioxidant genes. Protein kinase D1 (PKD1), the serine/threonine kinase, is one of these ROS sensors. In this mini-review, we highlight the mechanisms of how PKD1 is activated in response to oxidative stress, so far known downstream effectors, as well as the importance of PKD1-initiated signaling for development and progression of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Döppler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, FL , USA
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, FL , USA
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109
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Wieland E, Rodriguez-Vita J, Liebler SS, Mogler C, Moll I, Herberich SE, Espinet E, Herpel E, Menuchin A, Chang-Claude J, Hoffmeister M, Gebhardt C, Brenner H, Trumpp A, Siebel CW, Hecker M, Utikal J, Sprinzak D, Fischer A. Endothelial Notch1 Activity Facilitates Metastasis. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:355-367. [PMID: 28238683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) provide angiocrine factors orchestrating tumor progression. Here, we show that activated Notch1 receptors (N1ICD) are frequently observed in ECs of human carcinomas and melanoma, and in ECs of the pre-metastatic niche in mice. EC N1ICD expression in melanoma correlated with shorter progression-free survival. Sustained N1ICD activity induced EC senescence, expression of chemokines and the adhesion molecule VCAM1. This promoted neutrophil infiltration, tumor cell (TC) adhesion to the endothelium, intravasation, lung colonization, and postsurgical metastasis. Thus, sustained vascular Notch signaling facilitates metastasis by generating a senescent, pro-inflammatory endothelium. Consequently, treatment with Notch1 or VCAM1-blocking antibodies prevented Notch-driven metastasis, and genetic ablation of EC Notch signaling inhibited peritoneal neutrophil infiltration in an ovarian carcinoma mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfriede Wieland
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juan Rodriguez-Vita
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven S Liebler
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Vascular Biology, CBTM, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Vascular Oncology and Metastasis (A190), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris Moll
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie E Herberich
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Vascular Biology, CBTM, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elisa Espinet
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer (A010), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amitai Menuchin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology (C020), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Research Group Genetic Cancer Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoffer Gebhardt
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology (G300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer (A010), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian W Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology (G300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Sprinzak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Vascular Biology, CBTM, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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110
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Abstract
The Notch signalling cascade is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that has a crucial role in regulating development and homeostasis in various tissues. The cellular processes and events that it controls are diverse, and continued investigation over recent decades has revealed how the role of Notch signalling is multifaceted and highly context dependent. Consistent with the far-reaching impact that Notch has on development and homeostasis, aberrant activity of the pathway is also linked to the initiation and progression of several malignancies, and Notch can in fact be either oncogenic or tumour suppressive depending on the tissue and cellular context. The Notch pathway therefore represents an important target for therapeutic agents designed to treat many types of cancer. In this Review, we focus on the latest developments relating specifically to the tumour-suppressor activity of Notch signalling and discuss the potential mechanisms by which Notch can inhibit carcinogenesis in various tissues. Potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring or augmenting Notch-mediated tumour suppression will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Nowell
- CMU, Department for Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Freddy Radtke
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
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111
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Korneev KV, Atretkhany KSN, Drutskaya MS, Grivennikov SI, Kuprash DV, Nedospasov SA. TLR-signaling and proinflammatory cytokines as drivers of tumorigenesis. Cytokine 2017; 89:127-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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112
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Mazzitelli JY, Bonnafe E, Klopp C, Escudier F, Geret F. De novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of freshwater snail (Radix balthica) to discover genes and pathways affected by exposure to oxazepam. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:127-140. [PMID: 27981403 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are increasingly found in aquatic ecosystems due to the non-efficiency of waste water treatment plants. Therefore, aquatic organisms are frequently exposed to a broad diversity of pharmaceuticals. Freshwater snail Radix balthica has been chosen as model to study the effects of oxazepam (psychotropic drug) on developmental stages ranging from trochophore to hatching. In order to provide a global insight of these effects, a transcriptome deep sequencing has been performed on exposed embryos. Eighteen libraries were sequenced, six libraries for three conditions: control, exposed to the lowest oxazepam concentration with a phenotypic effect (delayed hatching) (TA) and exposed to oxazepam concentration found in freshwater (TB). A total of 39,759,772 filtered raw reads were assembled into 56,435 contigs having a mean length of 1579.68 bp and mean depth of 378.96 reads. 44.91% of the contigs have at least one annotation. The differential expression analysis between the control condition and the two exposure conditions revealed 146 contigs differentially expressed of which 144 for TA and two for TB. 34.0% were annotated with biological function. There were four mainly impacted processes: two cellular signalling systems (Notch and JNK) and two biosynthesis pathways (Polyamine and Catecholamine pathways). This work reports a large-scale analysis of differentially transcribed genes of R. balthica exposed to oxazepam during egg development until hatching. In addition, these results enriched the de novo database of potential ecotoxicological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Mazzitelli
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, Université de Toulouse, INU Champollion, Albi, France.
| | - Elsa Bonnafe
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, Université de Toulouse, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | - Christophe Klopp
- Unité de Mathématique et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, UR0875, INRA Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Frédéric Escudier
- Unité de Mathématique et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, UR0875, INRA Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Florence Geret
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, Université de Toulouse, INU Champollion, Albi, France
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113
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Lee SH, Park SW. [Inflammation and Cancer Development in Pancreatic and Biliary Tract Cancer]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2016; 66:325-39. [PMID: 26691190 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2015.66.6.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been known to be a risk for many kinds of cancers, including pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. Recently, inflammatory process has emerged as a key mediator of cancer development and progression. Many efforts with experimental results have been given to identify the underlying mechanisms that contribute to inflammation-induced tumorigenesis. Diverse inflammatory pathways have been investigated and inhibitors for inflammation-related signaling pathways have been developed for cancer treatment. This review will summarize recent outcomes about this distinctive process in pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. Taking this evidence into consideration, modulation of inflammatory process will provide useful options for pancreatic and biliary tract cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Woo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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114
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Fazio C, Ricciardiello L. Inflammation and Notch signaling: a crosstalk with opposite effects on tumorigenesis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2515. [PMID: 27929540 PMCID: PMC5260996 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Notch cascade is a fundamental and highly conserved pathway able to control cell-fate. The Notch pathway arises from the interaction of one of the Notch receptors (Notch1–4) with different types of ligands; in particular, the Notch pathway can be activated canonically (through the ligands Jagged1, Jagged2, DLL1, DLL3 or DLL4) or non-canonically (through various molecules shared by other pathways). In the context of tumor biology, the deregulation of Notch signaling is found to be crucial, but it is still not clear if the activation of this pathway exerts a tumor-promoting or a tumor suppressing function in different cancer settings. Untill now, it is well known that the inflammatory compartment is critically involved in tumor progression; however, inflammation, which occurs as a physiological response to damage, can also drive protective processes toward carcinogenesis. Therefore, the role of inflammation in cancer is still controversial and needs to be further clarified. Interestingly, recent literature reports that some of the signaling molecules modulated by the cells of the immune system also belong to or interact with the canonical and non-canonical Notch pathways, delineating a possible link between Notch activation and inflammatory environment. In this review we analyze the hypothesis that specific inflammatory conditions can control the activation of the Notch pathway in terms of biological effect, partially explaining the dichotomy of both phenomena. For this purpose, we detail the molecular links reported in the literature connecting inflammation and Notch signaling in different types of tumor, with a particular focus on colorectal carcinogenesis, which represents a perfect example of context-dependent interaction between malignant transformation and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fazio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Yuan P, He XH, Rong YF, Cao J, Li Y, Hu YP, Liu Y, Li D, Lou W, Liu MF. KRAS/NF-κB/YY1/miR-489 Signaling Axis Controls Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2016; 77:100-111. [PMID: 27793842 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
KRAS activation occurring in more than 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) drives progression and metastasis, but the underlying mechanisms involved in these processes are still poorly understood. Here, we show how KRAS acts through inflammatory NF-κB signaling to activate the transcription factor YY1, which represses expression of the tumor suppressor gene miR-489. In PDAC cells, repression of miR-489 by KRAS signaling inhibited migration and metastasis by targeting the extracellular matrix factors ADAM9 and MMP7. miR-489 downregulation elevated levels of ADAM9 and MMP7, thereby enhancing the migration and metastasis of PDAC cells. Together, our results establish a pivotal mechanism of PDAC metastasis and suggest miR-489 as a candidate therapeutic target for their attack. Cancer Res; 77(1); 100-11. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuan
- Center for RNA Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hong He
- Center for RNA Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Fei Rong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhong Shan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yun-Ping Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dangsheng Li
- Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Lou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhong Shan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mo-Fang Liu
- Center for RNA Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
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117
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Elmaci İ, Altinoz MA. A Metabolic Inhibitory Cocktail for Grave Cancers: Metformin, Pioglitazone and Lithium Combination in Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer and Glioblastoma Multiforme. Biochem Genet 2016; 54:573-618. [PMID: 27377891 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-016-9754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are among the human cancers with worst prognosis which require an urgent need for efficient therapies. Here, we propose to apply to treat both malignancies with a triple combination of drugs, which are already in use for different indications. Recent studies demonstrated a considerable link between risk of PC and diabetes. In experimental models, anti-diabetogenic agents suppress growth of PC, including metformin (M), pioglitazone (P) and lithium (L). L is used in psychiatric practice, yet also bears anti-diabetic potential and selectively inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β). M, a biguanide class anti-diabetic agent shows anticancer activity via activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Glitazones bind to PPAR-γ and inhibit NF-κB, triggering cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance and synthesis of inflammatory cytokines in cancer cells. Inhibition of inflammatory cytokines could simultaneously decrease tumor growth and alleviate cancer cachexia, having a major role in PC mortality. Furthermore, mutual synergistic interactions exist between PPAR-γ and GSK-3β, between AMPK and GSK-3β and between AMPK and PPAR-γ. In GBM, M blocks angiogenesis and migration in experimental models. Very noteworthy, among GBM patients with type 2 diabetes, usage of M significantly correlates with better survival while reverse is true for sulfonylureas. In experimental models, P synergies with ligands of RAR, RXR and statins in reducing growth of GBM. Further, usage of P was found to be lesser in anaplastic astrocytoma and GBM patients, indicating a protective effect of P against high-grade gliomas. L is accumulated in GBM cells faster and higher than in neuroblastoma cells, and its levels further increase with chronic exposure. Recent studies revealed anti-invasive potential of L in GBM cell lines. Here, we propose that a triple-agent regime including drugs already in clinical usage may provide a metabolic adjuvant therapy for PC and GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlhan Elmaci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroacademy Group, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meric A Altinoz
- Department of Immunology, Experimental Medicine Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey.
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118
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Scarzello AJ, Jiang Q, Back T, Dang H, Hodge D, Hanson C, Subleski J, Weiss JM, Stauffer JK, Chaisaingmongkol J, Rabibhadana S, Ruchirawat M, Ortaldo J, Wang XW, Norris PS, Ware CF, Wiltrout RH. LTβR signalling preferentially accelerates oncogenic AKT-initiated liver tumours. Gut 2016; 65. [PMID: 26206664 PMCID: PMC5036232 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relative contributions of inflammatory signalling and sequential oncogenic dysregulation driving liver cancer pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) signalling is critically involved in hepatitis and liver tumorigenesis. Therefore, we explored the interdependence of inflammatory lymphotoxin signalling and specific oncogenic pathways in the progression of hepatic cancer. DESIGN Pathologically distinct liver tumours were initiated by hydrodynamic transfection of oncogenic V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 1 (AKT)/β-catenin or AKT/Notch expressing plasmids. To investigate the relationship of LTβR signalling and specific oncogenic pathways, LTβR antagonist (LTβR-Fc) or agonist (anti-LTβR) were administered post oncogene transfection. Initiated livers/tumours were investigated for changes in oncogene expression, tumour proliferation, progression, latency and pathology. Moreover, specific LTβR-mediated molecular events were investigated in human liver cancer cell lines and through transcriptional analyses of samples from patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). RESULTS AKT/β-catenin-transfected livers displayed increased expression of LTβ and LTβR, with antagonism of LTβR signalling reducing tumour progression and enhancing survival. Conversely, enforced LTβR-activation of AKT/β-catenin-initiated tumours induced robust increases in proliferation and progression of hepatic tumour phenotypes in an AKT-dependent manner. LTβR-activation also rapidly accelerated ICC progression initiated by AKT/Notch, but not Notch alone. Moreover, LTβR-accelerated development coincides with increases of Notch, Hes1, c-MYC, pAKT and β-catenin. We further demonstrate LTβR signalling in human liver cancer cell lines to be a regulator of Notch, pAKTser473 and β-catenin. Transcriptome analysis of samples from patients with ICC links increased LTβR network expression with poor patient survival, increased Notch1 expression and Notch and AKT/PI3K signalling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings link LTβR and oncogenic AKT signalling in the development of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Scarzello
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Qun Jiang
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy Back
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Hien Dang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah Hodge
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Charlotte Hanson
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Subleski
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan M Weiss
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jimmy K Stauffer
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - John Ortaldo
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paula S Norris
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert H Wiltrout
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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119
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The PRKD1 promoter is a target of the KRas-NF-κB pathway in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33758. [PMID: 27649783 PMCID: PMC5030668 DOI: 10.1038/srep33758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of PRKD1 and its gene product protein kinase D1 (PKD1) are linked to oncogenic signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but a direct functional relationship to oncogenic KRas has not been established so far. We here describe the PRKD1 gene promoter as a target for oncogenic KRas signaling. We demonstrate that KRas-induced activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway is one mechanism of how PRKD1 expression is increased and identify the binding sites for NF-κB in the PRKD1 promoter. Altogether, these results describe a novel mechanism governing PRKD1 gene expression in PDA and provide a functional link between oncogenic KRas, NF-κB and expression of PRKD1.
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120
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McCubrey JA, Rakus D, Gizak A, Steelman LS, Abrams SL, Lertpiriyapong K, Fitzgerald TL, Yang LV, Montalto G, Cervello M, Libra M, Nicoletti F, Scalisi A, Torino F, Fenga C, Neri LM, Marmiroli S, Cocco L, Martelli AM. Effects of mutations in Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog, Notch and PI3K pathways on GSK-3 activity-Diverse effects on cell growth, metabolism and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2942-2976. [PMID: 27612668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine kinase that participates in an array of critical cellular processes. GSK-3 was first characterized as an enzyme that phosphorylated and inactivated glycogen synthase. However, subsequent studies have revealed that this moon-lighting protein is involved in numerous signaling pathways that regulate not only metabolism but also have roles in: apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell renewal, differentiation, embryogenesis, migration, regulation of gene transcription, stem cell biology and survival. In this review, we will discuss the roles that GSK-3 plays in various diseases as well as how this pivotal kinase interacts with multiple signaling pathways such as: PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, Wnt/beta-catenin, hedgehog, Notch and TP53. Mutations that occur in these and other pathways can alter the effects that natural GSK-3 activity has on regulating these signaling circuits that can lead to cancer as well as other diseases. The novel roles that microRNAs play in regulation of the effects of GSK-3 will also be evaluated. Targeting GSK-3 and these other pathways may improve therapy and overcome therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Steve L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA
| | - Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA
| | - Li V Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Aurora Scalisi
- Unit of Oncologic Diseases, ASP-Catania, Catania 95100, Italy
| | - Francesco Torino
- Department of Systems Medicine, Chair of Medical Oncology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Department of Biomedical, Odontoiatric, Morphological and Functional Images, Occupational Medicine Section - Policlinico "G. Martino" - University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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121
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Chronic pancreatitis: Do serum biomarkers provide an association with an inflammageing phenotype? Pancreatology 2016; 16:708-14. [PMID: 27554641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that is associated with accelerated mortality for patients suffering from this disease. The association between chronic inflammation and accelerated biological ageing has been well described and is often referred to as "inflammageing". In this review we seek to determine how systemic inflammation in chronic pancreatitis may contribute to an accelerated ageing phenotype. METHODS A systematic literature search with a predefined search protocol was performed on Medline, Embase and Cochrane libraries according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS The initial search identified 499 studies. After title, abstract and full text screen of the search results, 20 were included for further evaluation. In the 20 remaining articles 41 inflammatory mediators were identified - mainly involved in chronic inflammation, fibrosis and particularly cardinal features of inflammageing such as sarcopenia and osteoporosis. CONCLUSION Chronic pancreatitis is associated with elevated levels of inflammatory mediators many of which are associated with an accelerated ageing phenotype and may explain some of the clinical sequelae of this disease.
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122
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Lesina M, Wörmann SM, Morton J, Diakopoulos KN, Korneeva O, Wimmer M, Einwächter H, Sperveslage J, Demir IE, Kehl T, Saur D, Sipos B, Heikenwälder M, Steiner JM, Wang TC, Sansom OJ, Schmid RM, Algül H. RelA regulates CXCL1/CXCR2-dependent oncogene-induced senescence in murine Kras-driven pancreatic carcinogenesis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2919-32. [PMID: 27454298 PMCID: PMC4966329 DOI: 10.1172/jci86477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppression that is mediated by oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is considered to function as a safeguard during development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the mechanisms that regulate OIS in PDAC are poorly understood. Here, we have determined that nuclear RelA reinforces OIS to inhibit carcinogenesis in the Kras mouse model of PDAC. Inactivation of RelA accelerated pancreatic lesion formation in Kras mice by abrogating the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) gene transcription signature. Using genetic and pharmacological tools, we determined that RelA activation promotes OIS via elevation of the SASP factor CXCL1 (also known as KC), which activates CXCR2, during pancreatic carcinogenesis. In Kras mice, pancreas-specific inactivation of CXCR2 prevented OIS and was correlated with increased tumor proliferation and decreased survival. Moreover, reductions in CXCR2 levels were associated with advanced neoplastic lesions in tissue from human pancreatic specimens. Genetically disabling OIS in Kras mice caused RelA to promote tumor proliferation, suggesting a dual role for RelA signaling in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Taken together, our data suggest a pivotal role for RelA in regulating OIS in preneoplastic lesions and implicate the RelA/CXCL1/CXCR2 axis as an essential mechanism of tumor surveillance in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lesina
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Maria Wörmann
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Department of Pathology, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Olga Korneeva
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Margit Wimmer
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Henrik Einwächter
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Kehl
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bence Sipos
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Manfred Steiner
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy Cragin Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Department of Pathology, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Roland Michael Schmid
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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123
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Balistreri CR, Madonna R, Melino G, Caruso C. The emerging role of Notch pathway in ageing: Focus on the related mechanisms in age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 29:50-65. [PMID: 27328278 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway, which is fundamental for the development of all tissues, organs and systems of human body. Recently, a considerable and still growing number of studies have highlighted the contribution of Notch signaling in various pathological processes of the adult life, such as age-related diseases. In particular, the Notch pathway has emerged as major player in the maintenance of tissue specific homeostasis, through the control of proliferation, migration, phenotypes and functions of tissue cells, as well as in the cross-talk between inflammatory cells and the innate immune system, and in onset of inflammatory age-related diseases. However, until now there is a confounding evidence about the related mechanisms. Here, we discuss mechanisms through which Notch signaling acts in a very complex network of pathways, where it seems to have the crucial role of hub. Thus, we stress the possibility to use Notch pathway, the related molecules and pathways constituting this network, both as innovative (predictive, diagnostic and prognostic) biomarkers and targets for personalised treatments for age-related diseases.
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124
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Chennupati V, Koch U, Coutaz M, Scarpellino L, Tacchini-Cottier F, Luther SA, Radtke F, Zehn D, MacDonald HR. Notch Signaling Regulates the Homeostasis of Tissue-Restricted Innate-like T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:771-82. [PMID: 27324132 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although Notch signaling plays important roles in lineage commitment and differentiation of multiple cell types including conventional T cells, nothing is currently known concerning Notch function in innate-like T cells. We have found that the homeostasis of several well-characterized populations of innate-like T cells including invariant NKT cells (iNKT), CD8ααTCRαβ small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, and innate memory phenotype CD8 T cells is controlled by Notch. Notch selectively regulates hepatic iNKT cell survival via tissue-restricted control of B cell lymphoma 2 and IL-7Rα expression. More generally, Notch regulation of innate-like T cell homeostasis involves both cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms and relies upon context-dependent interactions with Notch ligand-expressing fibroblastic stromal cells. Collectively, using conditional ablation of Notch receptors on peripheral T cells or Notch ligands on putative fibroblastic stromal cells, we show that Notch signaling is indispensable for the homeostasis of three tissue-restricted populations of innate-like T cells: hepatic iNKT, CD8ααTCRαβ small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, and innate memory phenotype CD8 T cells, thus supporting a generalized role for Notch in innate T cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar Chennupati
- Ludwig Centre for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Lausanne University Hospital, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland;
| | - Ute Koch
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Coutaz
- Department of Biochemistry, World Health Organization Immunology Research and Training Centre, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; and
| | | | - Fabienne Tacchini-Cottier
- Department of Biochemistry, World Health Organization Immunology Research and Training Centre, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; and
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Freddy Radtke
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Lausanne University Hospital, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - H Robson MacDonald
- Ludwig Centre for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland;
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125
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Steele CW, Karim SA, Leach JDG, Bailey P, Upstill-Goddard R, Rishi L, Foth M, Bryson S, McDaid K, Wilson Z, Eberlein C, Candido JB, Clarke M, Nixon C, Connelly J, Jamieson N, Carter CR, Balkwill F, Chang DK, Evans TRJ, Strathdee D, Biankin AV, Nibbs RJB, Barry ST, Sansom OJ, Morton JP. CXCR2 Inhibition Profoundly Suppresses Metastases and Augments Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:832-845. [PMID: 27265504 PMCID: PMC4912354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CXCR2 has been suggested to have both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive properties. Here we show that CXCR2 signaling is upregulated in human pancreatic cancer, predominantly in neutrophil/myeloid-derived suppressor cells, but rarely in tumor cells. Genetic ablation or inhibition of CXCR2 abrogated metastasis, but only inhibition slowed tumorigenesis. Depletion of neutrophils/myeloid-derived suppressor cells also suppressed metastasis suggesting a key role for CXCR2 in establishing and maintaining the metastatic niche. Importantly, loss or inhibition of CXCR2 improved T cell entry, and combined inhibition of CXCR2 and PD1 in mice with established disease significantly extended survival. We show that CXCR2 signaling in the myeloid compartment can promote pancreatic tumorigenesis and is required for pancreatic cancer metastasis, making it an excellent therapeutic target.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Deoxycytidine/administration & dosage
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Mice
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Small Molecule Libraries/administration & dosage
- Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology
- Survival Analysis
- Up-Regulation
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin W Steele
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Saadia A Karim
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Joshua D G Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Peter Bailey
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Loveena Rishi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Mona Foth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sheila Bryson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen McDaid
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Zena Wilson
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | | | - Juliana B Candido
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mairi Clarke
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - John Connelly
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nigel Jamieson
- Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - C Ross Carter
- Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - Frances Balkwill
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - David K Chang
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - T R Jeffry Evans
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Douglas Strathdee
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Simon T Barry
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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126
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Notch Signaling Mediates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Cancer Cachexia Caused by Osteosarcoma. Sarcoma 2016; 2016:3758162. [PMID: 27378829 PMCID: PMC4917717 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3758162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia is mediated by the interaction between muscle stem cells and various tumor factors. Although Notch signaling has been known as a key regulator of both cancer development and muscle stem cell activity, the potential involvement of Notch signaling in cancer cachexia and concomitant muscle atrophy has yet to be elucidated. The murine K7M2 osteosarcoma cell line was used to generate an orthotopic model of sarcoma-associated cachexia, and the role of Notch signaling was evaluated. Skeletal muscle atrophy was observed in the sarcoma-bearing mice, and Notch signaling was highly active in both tumor tissues and the atrophic skeletal muscles. Systemic inhibition of Notch signaling reduced muscle atrophy. In vitro coculture of osteosarcoma cells with muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) isolated from normal mice resulted in decreased myogenic potential of MDSCs, while the application of Notch inhibitor was able to rescue this repressed myogenic potential. We further observed that Notch-activating factors reside in the exosomes of osteosarcoma cells, which activate Notch signaling in MDSCs and subsequently repress myogenesis. Our results revealed that signaling between tumor and muscle via the Notch pathway may play an important role in mediating the skeletal muscle atrophy seen in cancer cachexia.
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127
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Abstract
Oncogenic mutations of KRAS are the most frequent driver mutations in pancreatic cancer. Expression of an oncogenic allele of KRAS leads to metabolic changes and altered cellular signaling that both can increase the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increases in ROS have been shown to drive the formation and progression of pancreatic precancerous lesions by upregulating survival and growth factor signaling. A key issue for precancerous and cancer cells is to keep ROS at levels where they are beneficial for tumor development and progression, but below the threshold that leads to induction of senescence or cell death. In KRas-driven neoplasia aberrantly increased ROS levels are therefore balanced by an upregulation of antioxidant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Storz
- a Department of Cancer Biology , Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville , FL , USA
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128
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Gharibi A, Adamian Y, Kelber JA. Cellular and molecular aspects of pancreatic cancer. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:305-16. [PMID: 26868366 PMCID: PMC5654315 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly malignancy that affects nearly 50,000 patients each year. The overall 5-year survival rate for this malignancy remains the lowest of any cancer at around 7% due to limited diagnostic methods, disease aggressiveness and a lack of targeted therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the successes achieved over the past several decades as well as the significant cellular and molecular hurdles that remain in combatting this deadly disease at a translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gharibi
- Developmental Oncogene Laboratory, Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - Y Adamian
- Developmental Oncogene Laboratory, Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - J A Kelber
- Developmental Oncogene Laboratory, Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA.
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129
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HES1 in immunity and cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 30:113-7. [PMID: 27066918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hairy and enhancer of split homolog-1 (HES1) is a part of an extensive family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins and plays a crucial role in the control and regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, cell differentiation, survival and apoptosis in neuronal, endocrine, T-lymphocyte progenitors as well as various cancers. HES1 is a transcription factor which is regulated by the NOTCH, Hedgehog and Wnt signalling pathways. Aberrant expression of these pathways is a common feature of cancerous cells. There appears to be a fine and complicated crosstalk at the molecular level between the various signalling pathways and HES1, which contributes to its effects on the immune response and cancers such as leukaemia. Several mechanisms have been proposed, including an enhanced invasiveness and metastasis by inducing epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), in addition to its strict requirement for tumour cell survival. In this review, we summarize the current biology and molecular mechanisms as well as its use as a clinical target in cancer therapeutics.
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130
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Mutant KRas-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Acinar Cells Upregulates EGFR Signaling to Drive Formation of Pancreatic Precancerous Lesions. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2325-36. [PMID: 26947075 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of pancreatic cancer requires the acquisition of oncogenic KRas mutations and upregulation of growth factor signaling, but the relationship between these is not well established. Here, we show that mutant KRas alters mitochondrial metabolism in pancreatic acinar cells, resulting in increased generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS). Mitochondrial ROS then drives the dedifferentiation of acinar cells to a duct-like progenitor phenotype and progression to PanIN. This is mediated via the ROS-receptive kinase protein kinase D1 and the transcription factors NF-κB1 and NF-κB2, which upregulate expression of the epidermal growth factor, its ligands, and their sheddase ADAM17. In vivo, interception of KRas-mediated generation of mROS reduced the formation of pre-neoplastic lesions. Hence, our data provide insight into how oncogenic KRas interacts with growth factor signaling to induce the formation of pancreatic cancer.
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131
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Shang Y, Smith S, Hu X. Role of Notch signaling in regulating innate immunity and inflammation in health and disease. Protein Cell 2016; 7:159-74. [PMID: 26936847 PMCID: PMC4791423 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is conserved from Drosophila to mammals and is critically involved in developmental processes. In the immune system, it has been established that Notch signaling regulates multiple steps of T and B cell development in both central and peripheral lymphoid organs. Relative to the well documented role of Notch signaling in lymphocyte development, less is known about its role in regulating myeloid lineage development and function, especially in the context of acute and chronic inflammation. In this review article, we will describe the evidence accumulated during the recent years to support a key regulatory role of the Notch pathway in innate immune and inflammatory responses and discuss the potential implications of such regulation for pathogenesis and therapy of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Shang
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sinead Smith
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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132
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Polvani S, Tarocchi M, Tempesti S, Bencini L, Galli A. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors at the crossroad of obesity, diabetes, and pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2441-2459. [PMID: 26937133 PMCID: PMC4768191 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i8.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth cause of cancer death with an overall survival of 5% at five years. The development of PDAC is characteristically associated to the accumulation of distinctive genetic mutations and is preceded by the exposure to several risk factors. Epidemiology has demonstrated that PDAC risk factors may be non-modifiable risks (sex, age, presence of genetic mutations, ethnicity) and modifiable and co-morbidity factors related to the specific habits and lifestyle. Recently it has become evident that obesity and diabetes are two important modifiable risk factors for PDAC. Obesity and diabetes are complex systemic and intertwined diseases and, over the years, experimental evidence indicate that insulin-resistance, alteration of adipokines, especially leptin and adiponectin, oxidative stress and inflammation may play a role in PDAC. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that is implicated in the regulation of metabolism, differentiation and inflammation. PPARγ is a key regulator of adipocytes differentiation, regulates insulin and adipokines production and secretion, may modulate inflammation, and it is implicated in PDAC. PPARγ agonists are used in the treatment of diabetes and oxidative stress-associated diseases and have been evaluated for the treatment of PDAC. PPARγ is at the cross-road of diabetes, obesity, and PDAC and it is an interesting target to pharmacologically prevent PDAC in obese and diabetic patients.
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133
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Abstract
Although discussion of the obesity epidemic had become a cocktail party cliché, its impact on public health cannot be dismissed. In the past decade, cancer had joined the list of chronic debilitating diseases whose risk is substantially increased by hypernutrition. Here we discuss recent advances in understanding how obesity increases cancer risk and propose a unifying hypothesis according to which the major tumor-promoting mechanism triggered by hypernutrition is the indolent inflammation that takes place at particular organ sites, including liver, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. The mechanisms by which excessive fat deposition feeds this tumor-promoting inflammatory flame are diverse and tissue specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Font-Burgada
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0723, USA
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0723, USA.
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134
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Baines A, Martin P, Rorie C. Current and Emerging Targeting Strategies for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 144:277-320. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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135
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Liou GY, Storz P, Leitges M. A bright future for protein kinase D1 as a drug target to prevent or treat pancreatic cancer. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 3:e1035477. [PMID: 27308552 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1035477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma originates from acinar cells that undergo acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM). ADM is initiated in response to growth factors, inflammation, and oncogene activation and leads to a de-differentiated, duct-like phenotype. Our recent publication demonstrated a transforming growth factor α-Kras(G12D)-protein kinase D1-Notch1 signaling axis driving the induction of ADM and further progression to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. This suggests that protein kinase D1 might be an early marker for tumor development and a potential target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geou-Yarh Liou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Leitges
- The Biotechnology Center of Oslo, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
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136
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Zhuang Z, Ju HQ, Aguilar M, Gocho T, Li H, Iida T, Lee H, Fan X, Zhou H, Ling J, Li Z, Fu J, Wu M, Li M, Melisi D, Iwakura Y, Xu K, Fleming JB, Chiao PJ. IL1 Receptor Antagonist Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Growth by Abrogating NF-κB Activation. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1432-44. [PMID: 26500238 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Constitutive NF-κB activation is identified in about 70% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases and is required for oncogenic KRAS-induced PDAC development in mouse models. We sought to determine whether targeting IL-1α pathway would inhibit NF-κB activity and thus suppress PDAC cell growth. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We determined whether anakinra, a human IL-1 receptor (rhIL-1R) antagonist, inhibited NF-κB activation. Assays for cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were performed with rhIL-1R antagonist using the human PDAC cell lines AsPc1, Colo357, MiaPaCa-2, and HPNE/K-ras(G12V)/p16sh. In vivo NF-κB activation-dependent tumorigenesis was assayed using an orthotopic nude mouse model (n = 20, 5 per group) treated with a combination of gemcitabine and rhIL-1RA. RESULTS rhIL-1R antagonist treatment led to a significant decrease in NF-κB activity. PDAC cells treated with rhIL-1R antagonist plus gemcitabine reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion as compared with single gemcitabine treatment. In nude mice, rhIL-1R antagonist plus gemcitabine significantly reduced the tumor burden (gemcitabine plus rhIL-1RA vs. control, P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS We found that anakinra, an FDA-approved drug that inhibits IL-1 receptor (IL-1R), when given with or without gemcitabine, can reduce tumor growth by inhibiting IL1α-induced NF-κB activity; this result suggests that it is a useful therapeutic approach for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuonan Zhuang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huai-Qiang Ju
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mitzi Aguilar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Takashi Gocho
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tomonori Iida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harold Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoqiang Fan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Haijun Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianhua Ling
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhongkui Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Li
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stanton L. Young Biomedical Research Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Davide Melisi
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Università degli studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kesen Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul J Chiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Cancer Biology Program, the University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas.
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137
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Gopinathan A, Morton JP, Jodrell DI, Sansom OJ. GEMMs as preclinical models for testing pancreatic cancer therapies. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1185-200. [PMID: 26438692 PMCID: PMC4610236 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.021055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common form of pancreatic tumour, with a very limited survival rate and currently no available disease-modifying treatments. Despite recent advances in the production of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), the development of new therapies for pancreatic cancer is still hampered by a lack of reliable and predictive preclinical animal models for this disease. Preclinical models are vitally important for assessing therapies in the first stages of the drug development pipeline, prior to their transition to the clinical arena. GEMMs carry mutations in genes that are associated with specific human diseases and they can thus accurately mimic the genetic, phenotypic and physiological aspects of human pathologies. Here, we discuss different GEMMs of human pancreatic cancer, with a focus on the Lox-Stop-Lox (LSL)-Kras(G12D); LSL-Trp53(R172H); Pdx1-cre (KPC) model, one of the most widely used preclinical models for this disease. We describe its application in preclinical research, highlighting its advantages and disadvantages, its potential for predicting clinical outcomes in humans and the factors that can affect such outcomes, and, finally, future developments that could advance the discovery of new therapies for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Gopinathan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | | | - Duncan I Jodrell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
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138
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Prabhu L, Mundade R, Korc M, Loehrer PJ, Lu T. Critical role of NF-κB in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10969-75. [PMID: 25473891 PMCID: PMC4294354 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers, and in spite of intense efforts there are limited therapeutic options for patients with PDAC. PDACs harbor a high frequency of Kras mutations and other driver mutations that lead to altered signaling pathways and contribute to therapeutic resistance. Importantly, constitutive activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is frequently observed in PDAC. An increasing body of evidence suggests that both classical and non-classical NF-κB pathways play a crucial role in PDAC development and progression. In this review, we update the most recent advances regarding different aspects of NF-κB involvement in PDAC development and progression, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target and the need to discover pathway-specific cytosolic NF-κB regulators which could be used to design novel therapeutic strategies for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Prabhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Rasika Mundade
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Murray Korc
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Patrick J Loehrer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Indiana Cancer Pavilion, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
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139
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Zhang S, Chung WC, Xu K. Lunatic Fringe is a potent tumor suppressor in Kras-initiated pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:2485-95. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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140
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Akahori H, Karmali V, Polavarapu R, Lyle AN, Weiss D, Shin E, Husain A, Naqvi N, Van Dam R, Habib A, Choi CU, King AL, Pachura K, Taylor WR, Lefer DJ, Finn AV. CD163 interacts with TWEAK to regulate tissue regeneration after ischaemic injury. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7792. [PMID: 26242746 PMCID: PMC4918310 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are an essential component of the immune response to ischaemic injury and play an important role in promoting inflammation and its resolution, which is necessary for tissue repair. The type I transmembrane glycoprotein CD163 is exclusively expressed on macrophages, where it acts as a receptor for haemoglobin:haptoglobin complexes. An extracellular portion of CD163 circulates in the blood as a soluble protein, for which no physiological function has so far been described. Here we show that during ischaemia, soluble CD163 functions as a decoy receptor for TWEAK, a secreted pro-inflammatory cytokine of the tumour necrosis factor family, to regulate TWEAK-induced activation of canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Notch signalling necessary for myogenic progenitor cell proliferation. Mice with deletion of CD163 have transiently elevated levels of TWEAK, which stimulate muscle satellite cell proliferation and tissue regeneration in their ischaemic and non-ischaemic limbs. These results reveal a role for soluble CD163 in regulating muscle regeneration after ischaemic injury. CD163 is a glycoprotein receptor expressed on the surface of macrophages. Here, the authors demonstrate that a soluble form of CD163 can act as a decoy receptor for the pro inflammatory cytokine TWEAK, thereby revealing a new mechanism for the regulation of tissue repair after ischaemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokuni Akahori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Vinit Karmali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Rohini Polavarapu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Alicia N Lyle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Daiana Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Eric Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Ahsan Husain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Nawazish Naqvi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Richard Van Dam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Anwer Habib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Cheol Ung Choi
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA [2] Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Adrienne L King
- Kennesaw State University Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, USA
| | - Kimberly Pachura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - W Robert Taylor
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA [2] Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30033, USA [3] Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - David J Lefer
- LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Aloke V Finn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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141
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Wang G, Rajpurohit SK, Delaspre F, Walker SL, White DT, Ceasrine A, Kuruvilla R, Li RJ, Shim JS, Liu JO, Parsons MJ, Mumm JS. First quantitative high-throughput screen in zebrafish identifies novel pathways for increasing pancreatic β-cell mass. eLife 2015; 4:e08261. [PMID: 26218223 PMCID: PMC4534842 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-organism chemical screening can circumvent bottlenecks that impede drug discovery. However, in vivo screens have not attained throughput capacities possible with in vitro assays. We therefore developed a method enabling in vivo high-throughput screening (HTS) in zebrafish, termed automated reporter quantification in vivo (ARQiv). In this study, ARQiv was combined with robotics to fully actualize whole-organism HTS (ARQiv-HTS). In a primary screen, this platform quantified cell-specific fluorescent reporters in >500,000 transgenic zebrafish larvae to identify FDA-approved (Federal Drug Administration) drugs that increased the number of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. 24 drugs were confirmed as inducers of endocrine differentiation and/or stimulators of β-cell proliferation. Further, we discovered novel roles for NF-κB signaling in regulating endocrine differentiation and for serotonergic signaling in selectively stimulating β-cell proliferation. These studies demonstrate the power of ARQiv-HTS for drug discovery and provide unique insights into signaling pathways controlling β-cell mass, potential therapeutic targets for treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Wang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Surendra K Rajpurohit
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - Fabien Delaspre
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Steven L Walker
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - David T White
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - Alexis Ceasrine
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Rejji Kuruvilla
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Ruo-jing Li
- Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Joong S Shim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jun O Liu
- Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Michael J Parsons
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Jeff S Mumm
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
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142
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Krah NM, De La O JP, Swift GH, Hoang CQ, Willet SG, Chen Pan F, Cash GM, Bronner MP, Wright CV, MacDonald RJ, Murtaugh LC. The acinar differentiation determinant PTF1A inhibits initiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26151762 PMCID: PMC4536747 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the initiation and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) may provide therapeutic strategies for this deadly disease. Recently, we and others made the surprising finding that PDAC and its preinvasive precursors, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), arise via reprogramming of mature acinar cells. We therefore hypothesized that the master regulator of acinar differentiation, PTF1A, could play a central role in suppressing PDAC initiation. In this study, we demonstrate that PTF1A expression is lost in both mouse and human PanINs, and that this downregulation is functionally imperative in mice for acinar reprogramming by oncogenic KRAS. Loss of Ptf1a alone is sufficient to induce acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, potentiate inflammation, and induce a KRAS-permissive, PDAC-like gene expression profile. As a result, Ptf1a-deficient acinar cells are dramatically sensitized to KRAS transformation, and reduced Ptf1a greatly accelerates development of invasive PDAC. Together, these data indicate that cell differentiation regulators constitute a new tumor suppressive mechanism in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Krah
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Jean-Paul De La O
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Galvin H Swift
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Chinh Q Hoang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Spencer G Willet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Fong Chen Pan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Gabriela M Cash
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Mary P Bronner
- Department of Pathology, Huntsman Cancer Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Christopher Ve Wright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Raymond J MacDonald
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - L Charles Murtaugh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
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143
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Jiang Z, Sang H, Fu X, Liang Y, Li L. Alpinetin enhances cholesterol efflux and inhibits lipid accumulation in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-loaded human macrophages. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 62:840-7. [PMID: 25496323 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Jiang
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqiang Sang
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
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144
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Maeng YS, Choi YJ, Kim EK. TGFBIp regulates differentiation of EPC (CD133+
c-kit+
lin−
cells) to EC through activation of the notch signaling pathway. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2052-62. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sun Maeng
- Department of Ophthalmology; Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute; Seoul South Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology; Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute; Seoul South Korea
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology; Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute; Seoul South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science; Institute of Vision Research, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
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145
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Bi P, Kuang S. Notch signaling as a novel regulator of metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:248-55. [PMID: 25805408 PMCID: PMC4435535 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionarily unprepared for modern high-calorie diets and sedentary lifestyles, humans are now unprecedentedly susceptible to metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), nonalcoholic fatty liver, and cardiovascular disease. These metabolic conditions are intertwined, together known as metabolic syndrome, and compromise human life quality as well as lives. Notch signaling, a fundamental signal transduction pathway critical for cell-cell communication and development, has recently been recognized as a key player in metabolism. This review summarizes the emerging roles of Notch signaling in regulating the metabolism of various cell and tissue types, with emphasis on the underlying molecular mechanisms and the potential of targeting this signal axis to treat metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Bi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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146
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Xia CY, Zhang S, Gao Y, Wang ZZ, Chen NH. Selective modulation of microglia polarization to M2 phenotype for stroke treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 25:377-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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147
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Chikara S, Reindl KM. Notch signaling: a hero or villain in the war against cancer? Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 2:449-51. [PMID: 25806268 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2013.10.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signal transduction pathway regulates cell fate decisions throughout embryonic development. The mechanisms through which Notch signaling maintains cellular integrity are well understood. However, Notch signaling is more complex than previously thought as Notch is also involved in cancer where it functions as both an oncogene and tumor suppressor depending on the cellular context. Aberrant activation of oncogenic Notch is found in various cancers prompting the search for therapeutic agents to attenuate constitutively active Notch. However, there is also substantial evidence that Notch signaling suppresses tumor growth and progression, suggesting that Notch activators might be of therapeutic benefit in other cancers. This editorial describes the dual role of Notch signaling observed within and across multiple cancers. We highlight a study in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) revealing a tumor suppressive role for endothelial cell Dll4-activated Notch1 and the underlying molecular mechanism involving suppression of PI3K signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Chikara
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 51808-6050, USA
| | - Katie M Reindl
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 51808-6050, USA
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148
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Protein kinase D1 drives pancreatic acinar cell reprogramming and progression to intraepithelial neoplasia. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6200. [PMID: 25698580 PMCID: PMC4394184 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transdifferentiation of pancreatic acinar cells to a ductal phenotype (acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, ADM) occurs after injury or inflammation of the pancreas and is a reversible process. However, in the presence of activating Kras mutations or persistent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) signalling, cells that underwent ADM can progress to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and eventually pancreatic cancer. In transgenic animal models, ADM and PanINs are initiated by high-affinity ligands for EGF-R or activating Kras mutations, but the underlying signalling mechanisms are not well understood. Here, using a conditional knockout approach, we show that protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is sufficient to drive the reprogramming process to a ductal phenotype and progression to PanINs. Moreover, using 3D explant culture of primary pancreatic acinar cells, we show that PKD1 acts downstream of TGFα and Kras, to mediate formation of ductal structures through activation of the Notch pathway.
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149
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Zhang Y, Zhan RX, Chen JQ, Gao Y, Chen L, Kong Y, Zhong XJ, Liu MQ, Chu JJ, Yan GQ, Li T, He M, Huang QR. Pharmacological activation of PPAR gamma ameliorates vascular endothelial insulin resistance via a non-canonical PPAR gamma-dependent nuclear factor-kappa B trans-repression pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 754:41-51. [PMID: 25687252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial insulin resistance (IR) is a critically initial factor in cardiocerebrovascular events resulted from diabetes and is becoming a worldwide public health issue. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are clinical insulin-sensitizers acting through a canonical peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-dependent insulin trans-activation pathway. However, it remains elusive whether there are other mechanisms. In current study, we investigated whether TZDs improve endothelial IR induced by high glucose concentration or hyperglycemia via a non-canonical PPARγ-dependent nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) trans-repression pathway. Our results showed that pre-treatment with TZDs dramatically decrease the susceptibility of endothelial cell to IR, while post-treatment notably improve the endothelial IR both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, TZDs substantially increase the levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inhibitory κB alpha (IκBα), whereas decrease those of the phosphorylated inhibitory κB kinase alpha/beta (phosphor-IKKα/β) and the cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), suggesting that TZDs act indeed through a PPARγ-dependent NF-κB trans-repression pathway. These findings highlighted a non-canonical mechanism for TZDs to ameliorate endothelial IR which might provide a potential strategy to prevent and treat the diabetic vascular complications clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Ri-Xin Zhan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jun-Qun Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Yan Gao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Ying Kong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Mei-Qi Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jia-Jia Chu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Guo-Qiang Yan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Teng Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Ming He
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Qi-Ren Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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150
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Mu X, Tang Y, Lu A, Takayama K, Usas A, Wang B, Weiss K, Huard J. The role of Notch signaling in muscle progenitor cell depletion and the rapid onset of histopathology in muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:2923-37. [PMID: 25678553 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has been speculated that stem cell depletion plays a role in the rapid progression of the muscle histopathology associated with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for stem cell depletion remain poorly understood. The rapid depletion of muscle stem cells has not been observed in the dystrophin-deficient model of DMD (mdx mouse), which may explain the relatively mild dystrophic phenotype observed in this animal model. In contrast, we have observed a rapid occurrence of stem cell depletion in the dystrophin/utrophin double knockout (dKO) mouse model, which exhibits histopathological features that more closely recapitulate the phenotype observed in DMD patients compared with the mdx mouse. Notch signaling has been found to be a key regulator of stem cell self-renewal and myogenesis in normal skeletal muscle; however, little is known about the role that Notch plays in the development of the dystrophic histopathology associated with DMD. Our results revealed an over-activation of Notch in the skeletal muscles of dKO mice, which correlated with sustained inflammation, impaired muscle regeneration and the rapid depletion and senescence of the muscle progenitor cells (MPCs, i.e. Pax7+ cells). Consequently, the repression of Notch in the skeletal muscle of dKO mice delayed/reduced the depletion and senescence of MPCs, and restored the myogenesis capacity while reducing inflammation and fibrosis. We suggest that the down-regulation of Notch could represent a viable approach to reduce the dystrophic histopathologies associated with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Mu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Aiping Lu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Koji Takayama
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Arvydas Usas
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Kurt Weiss
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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