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Interaction of Gardnerella vaginalis and Vaginolysin with the Apical versus Basolateral Face of a Three-Dimensional Model of Vaginal Epithelium. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00646-18. [PMID: 30692180 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00646-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have implicated Gardnerella vaginalis as an important etiological agent in bacterial vaginosis (BV). It produces a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, vaginolysin (VLY). In this study, we sought to characterize the interaction between vaginal epithelium, G. vaginalis, and VLY using EpiVaginal tissues from MatTek. These tissues are three-dimensional and have distinct apical and basolateral sides, enabling comparison of the effects of G. vaginalis and VLY following exposure to either side. We measured cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and bacterial growth, following apical versus basolateral exposure. G. vaginalis exhibited more-rapid growth in coculture with the tissue model when it was exposed to the apical side. VLY permeabilized cells on the basolateral side of the tissues but failed to permeabilize apical epithelial cells. Cytokine secretion in response to VLY and G. vaginalis also depended on the polarity of exposure. VLY did not cause significant changes in cytokine levels when exposed apically. Apical tissue challenge by G. vaginalis appeared to dampen the inflammatory response, as decreases in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (6.6-fold), RANTES (14.8-fold), and interferon gamma inducible protein 10 kDa (IP-10) (53-fold) and an increase in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) (5-fold) were observed. In vivo, G. vaginalis normally colonizes the apical face of the vaginal epithelium. Results from this study suggest that while G. vaginalis may grow on the apical face of the vaginal epithelium, its VLY toxin does not target these cells in this model. This phenomenon could have important implications regarding colonization of the vagina by G. vaginalis and may suggest an explanation for the lack of an overt immune response to this organism.
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102
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Kinoshita Y, Xu J, Masuda A, Minamihata K, Kamiya N, Mon H, Fujita R, Kusakabe T, Lee JM. Expression and purification of biologically active human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) using silkworm-baculovirus expression vector system. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 159:69-74. [PMID: 30917920 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor. It is widely employed as a therapeutic agent targeting neutropenia in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and in patients with AIDS or after bone marrow transplantation. In this study, we constructed the recombinant baculoviruses for the expression of recombinant hGM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) with two small affinity tags (His-tag and Strep-tag) at the N or C-terminus. Compared to N-tagged rhGM-CSF, C-tagged rhGM-CSF was highly recovered from silkworm hemolymph. The purified rhGM-CSF proteins migrated as a diffuse band and were confirmed to hold N-glycosylations. A comparable activity was achieved when commercial hGM-CSF was tested as a control. Considering the high price of hGM-CSF in the market, our results and strategies using silkworm-baculovirus system can become a great reference for mass production of the active rhGM-CSF at a lower cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurie Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Akitsu Masuda
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minamihata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mon
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fujita
- Laboratory of Sanitary Entomology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Laboratory of Creative Science for Insect Industries, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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103
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Leary R, Gardner RB, Mockbee C, Roychowdhury DF. Boosting Abscopal Response to Radiotherapy with Sargramostim: A Review of Data and Ongoing Studies. Cureus 2019; 11:e4276. [PMID: 31157137 PMCID: PMC6529041 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug development in oncology today routinely focuses on approaches that utilize the patients’ immune system to destroy the malignancy. Combinatorial approaches of antineoplastic agents, both new and old, are being incorporated in the armamentarium of cancer treatments. The overarching goal of therapy remains the achievement of a complete and durable response with long term remission or cure. One approach in advancing treatment is aimed at strategies that improve immunological memory to induce long lasting immunity against the tumor. Although radiation therapy has not traditionally been thought to elicit an immunological effect, an increasing number of reports document the induction of an immune response against a tumor that kills cancer cells distant to the original site of treatment after local irradiation to a tumor. This phenomenon is called an abscopal effect. Since radiation alone is rarely associated with such a response, it is being combined with immuno-oncology drugs in an attempt to enhance response. One such strategy combines sargramostim, a recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhu GM-CSF), with radiotherapy. GM-CSF is a cytokine secreted by multiple cells types that promotes maturation of dendritic cells and enables the presentation of tumor-associated antigens to generate a T-cell response. This review article discusses the outcomes of clinical trials and case reports examining the efficacy and safety of combining radiation therapy with this immunomodulatory agent. We will also examine future studies and challenges facing the translation of this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Leary
- Oncology, Partner Therapeutics, Lexington, USA
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104
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Yang F, Huang Y, Chen X, Liu L, Liao D, Zhang H, Huang G, Liu W, Zhu X, Wang W, Lobo CA, Yazdanbakhsh K, An X, Ju Z. Deletion of a flippase subunit Tmem30a in hematopoietic cells impairs mouse fetal liver erythropoiesis. Haematologica 2019; 104:1984-1994. [PMID: 30819915 PMCID: PMC6886424 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.203992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 30A (Tmem30a) is the β-subunit of P4-ATPases which function as flippase that transports aminophospholipids such as phosphatidylserine from the outer to the inner leaflets of the plasma membrane to maintain asymmetric distribution of phospholipids. It has been documented that deficiency of Tmem30a led to exposure of phosphatidylserine. However, the role of Tmem30a in vivo remains largely unknown. Here we found that Vav-Cre-driven conditional deletion of Tmem30a in hematopoietic cells led to embryonic lethality due to severe anemia by embryonic day 16.5. The numbers of erythroid colonies and erythroid cells were decreased in the Tmem30a deficient fetal liver. This was accompanied by increased apoptosis of erythroid cells. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed an increase of localization of erythropoietin receptor to areas of membrane raft microdomains in response to erythropoietin stimulation in Ter119−erythroid progenitors, which was impaired in Tmem30a deficient cells. Moreover, erythropoietin receptor (EPOR)-mediated activation of the STAT5 pathway was significantly reduced in Tmem30a deficient fetal liver cells. Consistently, knockdown of TMEM30A in human CD34+ cells also impaired erythropoiesis. Our findings demonstrate that Tmem30a plays a critical role in erythropoiesis by regulating the EPOR signaling pathway through the formation of membrane rafts in erythroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumin Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianda Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA.,School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Division of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wenjing Liu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wengong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Cheryl A Lobo
- Laboratory of Blood-Borne Parasites, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Xiuli An
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China .,Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA.,School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China .,Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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105
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Loftus TJ, Miller ES, Millar JK, Kannan KB, Alamo IG, Efron PA, Mohr AM. The effects of propranolol and clonidine on bone marrow expression of hematopoietic cytokines following trauma and chronic stress. Am J Surg 2019; 218:858-863. [PMID: 30827533 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attenuating post-injury neuroendocrine stress abrogates persistent injury-associated anemia. Our objective was to examine the mechanisms by which propranolol and clonidine modulate this process. We hypothesized that propranolol and clonidine would decrease bone marrow expression of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and increase expression of stem cell factor (SCF) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to naïve control, lung contusion followed by hemorrhagic shock (LCHS), or LCHS plus daily chronic restraint stress (LCHS/CS) ±propranolol, ±clonidine. Day seven bone marrow expression of HMGB1, SCF, and Bcl-xL was assessed by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Following LCHS, HMGB1 was decreased by propranolol (49% decrease, p = 0.012) and clonidine (54% decrease, p < 0.010). SCF was decreased following LCHS/CS, and was increased by propranolol (629% increase, p < 0.001) and clonidine (468% increase, p < 0.001). Bcl-xL was decreased following LCHS/CS, and was increased by propranolol (59% increase, p = 0.006) and clonidine (77% increase, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Following severe trauma, propranolol and clonidine abrogate persistent injury-associated anemia by modulating bone marrow cytokines, favoring effective erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Loftus
- University of Florida, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Elizabeth S Miller
- University of Florida, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Jessica K Millar
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Kolenkode B Kannan
- University of Florida, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Ines G Alamo
- University of Florida, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Philip A Efron
- University of Florida, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- University of Florida, Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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106
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Tajer P, Pike-Overzet K, Arias S, Havenga M, Staal FJT. Ex Vivo Expansion of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Therapeutic Purposes: Lessons from Development and the Niche. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020169. [PMID: 30781676 PMCID: PMC6407064 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for therapeutic purposes has been a “holy grail” in the field for many years. Ex vivo expansion of HSCs can help to overcome material shortage for transplantation purposes and genetic modification protocols. In this review, we summarize improved understanding in blood development, the effect of niche and conservative signaling pathways on HSCs in mice and humans, and also advances in ex vivo culturing protocols of human HSCs with cytokines or small molecule compounds. Different expansion protocols have been tested in clinical trials. However, an optimal condition for ex vivo expansion of human HSCs still has not been found yet. Translating and implementing new findings from basic research (for instance by using genetic modification of human HSCs) into clinical protocols is crucial to improve ex vivo expansion and eventually boost stem cell gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Tajer
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, L3-Q Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin Pike-Overzet
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, L3-Q Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sagrario Arias
- Batavia Biosciences, Zernikedreef 16, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Menzo Havenga
- Batavia Biosciences, Zernikedreef 16, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank J T Staal
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, L3-Q Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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107
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Arai S, Shibazaki C, Adachi M, Maeda Y, Tahara T, Kato T, Miyazaki H, Kuroki R. The non-glycosylated N-terminal domain of human thrombopoietin is a molten globule under native conditions. FEBS J 2019; 286:1717-1733. [PMID: 30675759 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human thrombopoietin (hTPO) is a primary hematopoietic growth factor that regulates megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production. The non-glycosylated form of 1-163 residues of hTPO (hTPO163 ) including the N-terminal active site domain (1-153 residues) is a candidate for treating thrombocytopenia. However, the autoantigenicity level of hTPO163 is higher than that of the full-length glycosylated hTPO (ghTPO332 ). In order to clarify the structural and physicochemical properties of hTPO163 , circular dichroism (CD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses were performed. CD analysis indicated that hTPO163 undergoes an induced-fit conformational change (+19.0% for helix and -16.7% for β-strand) upon binding to the neutralizing antibody TN1 in a manner similar to the coupled folding and binding mechanism. Moreover, DSC analysis showed that the thermal transition process of hTPO163 is a multistate transition; hTPO163 is thermally stabilized upon receptor (c-Mpl) binding, as indicated with raising the midpoint (Tm ) temperature of the transition by at least +9.5 K. The conformational variability and stability of hTPO163 indicate that hTPO163 exists as a molten globule under native conditions, which may enable the induced-fit conformational change according to the type of ligands (antibodies and receptor). Additionally, CD and computational analyses indicated that the C-terminal domain (154-332 residues) and glycosylation assists the folding of the N-terminal domain. These observations suggest that the antibody affinity and autoantigenicity of hTPO163 might be reduced, if the conformational variability of hTPO163 is restricted by mutation and/or by the addition of C-terminal domain with glycosylation to keep its conformation suitable for the c-Mpl recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Arai
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Tokai, Japan
| | - Chie Shibazaki
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Tokai, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Adachi
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Tokai, Japan
| | | | | | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ryota Kuroki
- Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
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108
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Stepchenko AG, Lyanova BM, Krylova ID, Ilyin YV, Georgieva SG, Pankratova EV. Differentiation of Monocytic Cells Is Accompanied by a Change in the Expression of the Set of Oct-1 Isoforms. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2019; 483:306-308. [PMID: 30607726 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672918060066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the expression level of Oct-1A, Oct-1L, Oct-1X, and Oct-1Z isoforms and CD14 surface antigen during differentiation of HL-60 monocytic cells induced in vitro by dimethyl sulfoxide were studied, and the expression level of the four Oct-1 isoforms in vivo in human monocytes was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Stepchenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - B M Lyanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - I D Krylova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
| | - Yu V Ilyin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - S G Georgieva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - E V Pankratova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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109
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Sharapov MG, Novoselov VI, Gudkov SV. Radioprotective Role of Peroxiredoxin 6. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E15. [PMID: 30621289 PMCID: PMC6356814 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a member of an evolutionary ancient family of peroxidase enzymes with diverse functions in the cell. Prdx6 is an important enzymatic antioxidant. It reduces a wide range of peroxide substrates in the cell, thus playing a leading role in the maintenance of the redox homeostasis in mammalian cells. Beside peroxidase activity, Prdx6 has been shown to possess an activity of phospholipase A2, an enzyme playing an important role in membrane phospholipid metabolism. Moreover, Prdx6 takes part in intercellular and intracellular signal transduction due to its peroxidase and phospholipase activity, thus facilitating the initiation of regenerative processes in the cell, suppression of apoptosis, and activation of cell proliferation. Being an effective and important antioxidant enzyme, Prdx6 plays an essential role in neutralizing oxidative stress caused by various factors, including action of ionizing radiation. Endogenous Prdx6 has been shown to possess a significant radioprotective potential in cellular and animal models. Moreover, intravenous infusion of recombinant Prdx6 to animals before irradiation at lethal or sublethal doses has shown its high radioprotective effect. Exogenous Prdx6 effectively alleviates the severeness of radiation lesions, providing normalization of the functional state of radiosensitive organs and tissues, and leads to a significant elevation of the survival rate of animals. Prdx6 can be considered as a potent and promising radioprotective agent for reducing the pathological effect of ionizing radiation on mammalian organisms. The radioprotective properties and mechanisms of radioprotective action of Prdx6 are discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mars G Sharapov
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Reception, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Vladimir I Novoselov
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Reception, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Gudkov
- Wave Research Center, Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Experimental Clinical Studies, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI), 129110 Moscow, Russia.
- The Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 603950 Nizhni Novgorod, Russia.
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110
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Erdem Kuruca S, Çetin MB, Akgün Dar K, Özerkan D. Protective effects of cytokine combinations against the apoptotic activity of glucocorticoids on CD34 + hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:67-77. [PMID: 30603917 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells can self-renew and produce progenitor cells, which have a high proliferation capacity. Chemotherapeutic drugs are toxic to normal cells as well as cancer cells, and glucocorticoids (GCs), which are essential drugs for many chemotherapeutic protocols, efficiently induce apoptosis not only in malignant cells but also in normal haematopoietic cells. Studies have shown that haematopoietic cytokines can prevent the apoptosis induced by chemotherapy and decrease the toxic effects of these drugs. However, the apoptosis induction mechanism of GCs in CD34+ haematopoietic cells and the anti-apoptotic effects of cytokines have not been well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the apoptotic effects of GCs on CD34+, a haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) population, and demonstrated the protective effects of haematopoietic cytokines. We used a cytokine cocktail containing early-acting cytokines, namely, interleukin-3 (IL-3), thrombopoietin, stem cell factor and flt3/flk2 ligand, and dexamethasone and prednisolone were used as GCs. Apoptotic mechanisms were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and quantified using H-scoring. Dexamethasone and prednisolone induced apoptosis in CD34+ HSPCs. GC treatment caused a significant increase in apoptotic Fas, caspase-3, cytochrome c and Bax, but a significant decrease in anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Furthermore, as expected, cytokines caused a significant decrease in all apoptotic markers and a significant increase in Bcl-2. Thus, our findings suggest that CD34+ HSPCs are an extremely sensitive target for GCs and that cytokines protect these cells from GC-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Erdem Kuruca
- Deparment of Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Beyza Çetin
- Deparment of Physiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Akgün Dar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilşad Özerkan
- Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.
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111
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Alsayegh K, Cortés-Medina LV, Ramos-Mandujano G, Badraiq H, Li M. Hematopoietic Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: HOX and GATA Transcription Factors as Master Regulators. Curr Genomics 2019; 20:438-452. [PMID: 32194342 PMCID: PMC7062042 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666191017163837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous human disorders of the blood system would directly or indirectly benefit from therapeutic approaches that reconstitute the hematopoietic system. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), either from matched donors or ex vivo manipulated autologous tissues, are the most used cellular source of cell therapy for a wide range of disorders. Due to the scarcity of matched donors and the difficulty of ex vivo expansion of HSCs, there is a growing interest in harnessing the potential of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as a de novo source of HSCs. PSCs make an ideal source of cells for regenerative medicine in general and for treating blood disorders in particular because they could expand indefinitely in culture and differentiate to any cell type in the body. However, advancement in deriving functional HSCs from PSCs has been slow. This is partly due to an incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying normal hematopoiesis. In this review, we discuss the latest efforts to generate human PSC (hPSC)-derived HSCs capable of long-term engraftment. We review the regulation of the key transcription factors (TFs) in hematopoiesis and hematopoietic differentiation, the Homeobox (HOX) and GATA genes, and the interplay between them and microRNAs. We also propose that precise control of these master regulators during the course of hematopoietic differentiation is key to achieving functional hPSC-derived HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alsayegh
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lorena V Cortés-Medina
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gerardo Ramos-Mandujano
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Badraiq
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mo Li
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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112
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113
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Jacobsen SEW, Nerlov C. Haematopoiesis in the era of advanced single-cell technologies. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:2-8. [PMID: 30602765 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular and functional characterization of single cells at scale has emerged as a key driver to unravel tissue biology. Thus, it is important to understand the strengths and limitations of transcriptomic approaches, molecular barcoding and functional assays used to study cellular properties at the single-cell level. Here, we review recent relevant work from the haematopoietic system and discuss how to interpret and integrate data obtained with different technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Claus Nerlov
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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114
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Gogoleva VS, Atretkhany KSN, Drutskaya MS, Mufazalov IA, Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA. Cytokines as Mediators of Neuroinflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:1089-1103. [PMID: 30472948 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918090110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis of the immune system and in regulation of the immune response. Cytokine dysregulation is often associated with development of various pathological conditions, including autoimmunity. Recent studies have provided insights into the cytokine signaling pathways that are involved not only in pathogenesis of autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, but also in neurodegenerative states, for example, Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the exact molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and evaluation of relevant experimental animal models are necessary for development of effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Gogoleva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - K-S N Atretkhany
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - M S Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - I A Mufazalov
- University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - A A Kruglov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - S A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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115
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Hotta M, Yoshimura H, Satake A, Tsubokura Y, Ito T, Nomura S. GM-CSF therapy inhibits chronic graft-versus-host disease via expansion of regulatory T cells. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:179-191. [PMID: 30457669 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) attenuate excessive immune responses, making their expansion beneficial in immune-mediated diseases, including allogeneic bone marrow transplantation associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In addition to interleukin-2, Tregs require T-cell receptor and costimulatory signals from antigen-presenting cells, such as DCs, for their optimal proliferation. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) increases DC number and may promote DC-dependent Treg proliferation. Here, we demonstrate that GM-CSF treatment increases CD4+ CD8- DCs, which are associated with Treg expansion. In a mouse model of chronic GVHD (cGVHD), GM-CSF therapy expanded Tregs, protected against the development of skin GVHD, and regulated both Th1 and Th17 responses in the peripheral lymph nodes, resulting in an attenuation of skin cGVHD. Notably, the expanded Tregs were instrumental to GM-CSF-mediated cGVHD inhibition, which was dependent upon an increased ratio of Tregs to conventional T cells rather than augmentation of suppressive function. These data suggest that GM-CSF induces Treg proliferation by expanding CD4+ CD8- DCs, which in turn regulate alloimmune responses in a cGVHD mouse model. Thus, GM-CSF could be used as a therapeutic DC modulator to induce Treg expansion and to inhibit excessive alloimmune responses in immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Hotta
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yoshimura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Satake
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukie Tsubokura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ito
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shosaku Nomura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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116
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Barruet E, Morales BM, Cain CJ, Ton AN, Wentworth KL, Chan TV, Moody TA, Haks MC, Ottenhoff TH, Hellman J, Nakamura MC, Hsiao EC. NF-κB/MAPK activation underlies ACVR1-mediated inflammation in human heterotopic ossification. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122958. [PMID: 30429363 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation helps regulate normal growth and tissue repair. Although bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and inflammation are known contributors to abnormal bone formation, how these pathways interact in ossification remains unclear. METHODS We examined this potential link in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a genetic condition of progressive heterotopic ossification caused by activating mutations in the Activin A type I receptor (ACVR1/ALK2). FOP patients show exquisite sensitivity to trauma, suggesting that BMP pathway activation may alter immune responses. We studied primary blood, monocyte, and macrophage samples from control and FOP subjects using multiplex cytokine, gene expression, and protein analyses; examined CD14+ primary monocyte and macrophage responses to TLR ligands; and assayed BMP, TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1), and NF-κB pathways. RESULTS FOP subjects at baseline without clinically evident heterotopic ossification showed increased serum IL-3, IL-7, IL-8, and IL-10. CD14+ primary monocytes treated with the TLR4 activator LPS showed increased CCL5, CCR7, and CXCL10; abnormal cytokine/chemokine secretion; and prolonged activation of the NF-κB pathway. FOP macrophages derived from primary monocytes also showed abnormal cytokine/chemokine secretion, increased TGF-β production, and p38MAPK activation. Surprisingly, SMAD phosphorylation was not significantly changed in the FOP monocytes/macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal ACVR1 activity causes a proinflammatory state via increased NF-κB and p38MAPK activity. Similar changes may contribute to other types of heterotopic ossification, such as in scleroderma and dermatomyositis; after trauma; or with recombinant BMP-induced bone fusion. Our findings suggest that chronic antiinflammatory treatment may be useful for heterotopic ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Barruet
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Blanca M Morales
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Corey J Cain
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amy N Ton
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kelly L Wentworth
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tea V Chan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tania A Moody
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mariëlle C Haks
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom Hm Ottenhoff
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mary C Nakamura
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Edward C Hsiao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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117
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ACTL6A interacts with p53 in acute promyelocytic leukemia cell lines to affect differentiation via the Sox2/Notch1 signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2018; 53:390-399. [PMID: 30448346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Actin-like 6A (ACTL6A), a component of BAF chromatin remodeling complexes, is important for cell differentiation. Nevertheless, its role and mechanism in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has not been reported. To identify the genes that may participate in the development of APL, we analyzed data from an APL cDNA microarray (GSE12662) in the NCBI database, and found that ACTL6A was up-regulated in APL patients. Subsequently, we investigated the function and mechanisms of ACTL6A in myeloid cell development. The expression of ACTL6A was gradually decreased during granulocytic differentiation in all-trans retinoic acid-treated NB4 and HL-60 cells, and phorbol myristate acetate-treated HL-60 cells. We also found that knockdown of ACTL6A promoted differentiation in NB4 and HL-60 cells, and decreased the levels of Sox2 and Notch1. Mechanistically, ACTL6A interacted with and was co-localized with Sox2 and p53. Meanwhile, CBL0137, an activator of p53, decreased the expression of ACTL6A and promoted differentiation in NB4 and HL-60 cells. These findings suggest that the inhibition of ACTL6A promotes differentiation via the Sox2 and Notch1 signaling pathways. Furthermore, the differentiation promoted by inhibiting ACTL6A could be regulated by p53 via its physical interaction with ACTL6A.
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118
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Bapat A, Keita N, Martelly W, Kang P, Seet C, Jacobsen JR, Stoilov P, Hu C, Crooks GM, Sharma S. Myeloid Disease Mutations of Splicing Factor SRSF2 Cause G2-M Arrest and Skewed Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1663-1675. [PMID: 30004607 PMCID: PMC6283046 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid malignancies, including myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and acute myeloid leukemia, are characterized by abnormal proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Reports on analysis of bone marrow samples from patients have revealed a high incidence of mutations in splicing factors in early stem and progenitor cell clones, but the mechanisms underlying transformation of HSPCs harboring these mutations remain unknown. Using ex vivo cultures of primary human CD34+ cells as a model, we find that mutations in splicing factors SRSF2 and U2AF1 exert distinct effects on proliferation and differentiation of HSPCs. SRSF2 mutations cause a dramatic inhibition of proliferation via a G2-M phase arrest and induction of apoptosis. U2AF1 mutations, conversely, do not significantly affect proliferation. Mutations in both SRSF2 and U2AF1 cause abnormal differentiation by skewing granulo-monocytic differentiation toward monocytes but elicit diverse effects on megakaryo-erythroid differentiation. The SRSF2 mutations skew differentiation toward megakaryocytes whereas U2AF1 mutations cause an increase in the erythroid cell populations. These distinct functional consequences indicate that SRSF2 and U2AF1 mutations have cell context-specific effects and that the generation of myeloid disease phenotype by mutations in the genes coding these two proteins likely involves different intracellular mechanisms. Stem Cells 2018;36:1663-1675.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bapat
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine—PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Nakia Keita
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine—PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - William Martelly
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine—PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Paul Kang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health—PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Christopher Seet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeffery R. Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicinePhoenix Children's HospitalPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Peter Stoilov
- Department of Biochemistry, School of MedicineWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Chengcheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health—PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Gay M. Crooks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine—PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixArizonaUSA
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119
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Segal AW. The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48 Suppl 2:e12983. [PMID: 29931668 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is caused by a trigger, almost certainly enteric infection by one of a multitude of organisms that allows faeces access to the tissues, at which stage the response of individuals predisposed to CD is abnormal. In CD the failure of acute inflammation results in the failure to recruit neutrophils to the inflammatory site, as a consequence of which the clearance of bacteria from the tissues is defective. The retained faecal products result in the characteristic chronic granulomatous inflammation and adaptive immune response. Impaired of digestion of bacteria and fungi by CGD neutrophils can result in a similar pathological and clinical picture. The neutrophils in CD are normal and their inadequate accumulation at sites of inflammation generally results from diminished secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages consequent upon disordered vesicle trafficking.
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120
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Klein F, von Muenchow L, Capoferri G, Heiler S, Alberti-Servera L, Rolink H, Engdahl C, Rolink M, Mitrovic M, Cvijetic G, Andersson J, Ceredig R, Tsapogas P, Rolink A. Accumulation of Multipotent Hematopoietic Progenitors in Peripheral Lymphoid Organs of Mice Over-expressing Interleukin-7 and Flt3-Ligand. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2258. [PMID: 30364182 PMCID: PMC6191501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) and Flt3-ligand (FL) are two cytokines important for the generation of B cells, as manifested by the impaired B cell development in mice deficient for either cytokine or their respective receptors and by the complete block in B cell differentiation in the absence of both cytokines. IL-7 is an important survival and proliferation factor for B cell progenitors, whereas FL acts on several early developmental stages, prior to B cell commitment. We have generated mice constitutively over-expressing both IL-7 and FL. These double transgenic mice develop splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy characterized by tremendously enlarged lymph nodes even in young animals. Lymphoid, myeloid and dendritic cell numbers are increased compared to mice over-expressing either of the two cytokines alone and the effect on their expansion is synergistic, rather than additive. B cell progenitors, early progenitors with myeloid and lymphoid potential (EPLM), common lymphoid progenitors (CLP) and lineage−, Sca1+, kit+ (LSK) cells are all increased not only in the bone marrow but also in peripheral blood, spleen and even lymph nodes. When transplanted into irradiated wild-type mice, lymph node cells show long-term multilineage reconstitution, further confirming the presence of functional hematopoietic progenitors therein. Our double transgenic mouse model shows that sustained and combined over-expression of IL-7 and FL leads to a massive expansion of most bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors and to their associated presence in peripheral lymphoid organs where they reside and potentially differentiate further, thus leading to the synergistic increase in mature lymphoid and myeloid cell numbers. The present study provides further in vivo evidence for the concerted action of IL-7 and FL on lymphopoiesis and suggests that extramedullary niches, including those in lymph nodes, can support the survival and maintenance of hematopoietic progenitors that under physiological conditions develop exclusively in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Klein
- Department of Biomedicine, Developmental and Molecular Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lilly von Muenchow
- Department of Biomedicine, Developmental and Molecular Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Capoferri
- Department of Biomedicine, Developmental and Molecular Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Heiler
- Department of Biomedicine, Developmental and Molecular Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Llucia Alberti-Servera
- Department of Biomedicine, Developmental and Molecular Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannie Rolink
- Department of Biomedicine, Developmental and Molecular Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Engdahl
- Department of Biomedicine, Developmental and Molecular Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Rolink
- Department of Biomedicine, Developmental and Molecular Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mladen Mitrovic
- Department of Biomedicine, Developmental and Molecular Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grozdan Cvijetic
- Department of Biomedicine, Developmental and Molecular Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Andersson
- Department of Biomedicine, Developmental and Molecular Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rhodri Ceredig
- Discipline of Physiology, College of Medicine & Nursing Health Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Panagiotis Tsapogas
- Department of Biomedicine, Developmental and Molecular Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonius Rolink
- Department of Biomedicine, Developmental and Molecular Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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121
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Inflammatory signals directly instruct PU.1 in HSCs via TNF. Blood 2018; 133:816-819. [PMID: 30301719 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-02-832998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms governing the transition from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to lineage-committed progenitors remain poorly understood. Transcription factors (TFs) are powerful cell intrinsic regulators of differentiation and lineage commitment, while cytokine signaling has been shown to instruct the fate of progenitor cells. However, the direct regulation of differentiation-inducing hematopoietic TFs by cell extrinsic signals remains surprisingly difficult to establish. PU.1 is a master regulator of hematopoiesis and promotes myeloid differentiation. Here we report that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can directly and rapidly upregulate PU.1 protein in HSCs in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that in vivo, niche-derived TNF is the principal PU.1 inducing signal in HSCs and is both sufficient and required to relay signals from inflammatory challenges to HSCs.
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122
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Zriwil A, Böiers C, Kristiansen TA, Wittmann L, Yuan J, Nerlov C, Sitnicka E, Jacobsen SEW. Direct role of FLT3 in regulation of early lymphoid progenitors. Br J Haematol 2018; 183:588-600. [PMID: 30596405 PMCID: PMC6492191 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Given that FLT3 expression is highly restricted on lymphoid progenitors, it is possible that the established role of FLT3 in the regulation of B and T lymphopoiesis reflects its high expression and role in regulation of lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors (LMPPs) or common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs). We generated a Flt3 conditional knock-out (Flt3fl/fl) mouse model to address the direct role of FLT3 in regulation of lymphoid-restricted progenitors, subsequent to turning on Rag1 expression, as well as potentially ontogeny-specific roles in B and T lymphopoiesis. Our studies establish a prominent and direct role of FLT3, independently of the established role of FLT3 in regulation of LMPPs and CLPs, in regulation of fetal as well as adult early B cell progenitors, and the early thymic progenitors (ETPs) in adult mice but not in the fetus. Our findings highlight the potential benefit of targeting poor prognosis acute B-cell progenitor leukaemia and ETP leukaemia with recurrent FLT3 mutations using clinical FLT3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya Zriwil
- Lund Center for Stem Cell Biology and Cell Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Molecular Haematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Böiers
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Trine A Kristiansen
- Division of Molecular Haematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lilian Wittmann
- Lund Center for Stem Cell Biology and Cell Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Molecular Haematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joan Yuan
- Division of Molecular Haematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Claus Nerlov
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa Sitnicka
- Lund Center for Stem Cell Biology and Cell Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Molecular Haematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sten E W Jacobsen
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wallenberg Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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123
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Zhang N, Chin JS, Chew SY. Localised non-viral delivery of nucleic acids for nerve regeneration in injured nervous systems. Exp Neurol 2018; 319:112820. [PMID: 30195695 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Axons damaged by traumatic injuries are often unable to spontaneously regenerate in the adult central nervous system (CNS). Although the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has some regenerative capacity, its ability to regrow remains limited across large lesion gaps due to scar tissue formation. Nucleic acid therapy holds the potential of improving regeneration by enhancing the intrinsic growth ability of neurons and overcoming the inhibitory environment that prevents neurite outgrowth. Nucleic acids modulate gene expression by over-expression of neuronal growth factor or silencing growth-inhibitory molecules. Although in vitro outcomes appear promising, the lack of efficient non-viral nucleic acid delivery methods to the nervous system has limited the application of nucleic acid therapeutics to patients. Here, we review the recent development of efficient non-viral nucleic acid delivery platforms, as applied to the nervous system, including the transfection vectors and carriers used, as well as matrices and scaffolds that are currently used. Additionally, we will discuss possible improvements for localised nucleic acid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore
| | - Jiah Shin Chin
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore; NTU Institute of Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore.
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124
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The Making of Hematopoiesis: Developmental Ancestry and Environmental Nurture. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072122. [PMID: 30037064 PMCID: PMC6073875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from studies of the behaviour of stem and progenitor cells and of the influence of cytokines on their fate determination, has recently led to a revised view of the process by which hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny give rise to the many different types of blood and immune cells. The new scenario abandons the classical view of a rigidly demarcated lineage tree and replaces it with a much more continuum-like view of the spectrum of fate options open to hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny. This is in contrast to previous lineage diagrams, which envisaged stem cells progressing stepwise through a series of fairly-precisely described intermediate progenitors in order to close down alternative developmental options. Instead, stem and progenitor cells retain some capacity to step sideways and adopt alternative, closely related, fates, even after they have “made a lineage choice.” The stem and progenitor cells are more inherently versatile than previously thought and perhaps sensitive to lineage guidance by environmental cues. Here we examine the evidence that supports these views and reconsider the meaning of cell lineages in the context of a continuum model of stem cell fate determination and environmental modulation.
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125
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Nakano R, Nakagaki K, Itoh Y, Seino U, Ueda T, Tazawa R, Kitamura N, Tanaka T, Nakata K. Assay system development to measure the concentration of sargramostim with high specificity in patients with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis after single-dose inhalation. J Immunol Methods 2018; 460:1-9. [PMID: 30003894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During a clinical trial of a Saccharomyces cerviciae-derived recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF), sargramostim, in patients with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP), we conducted a pharmacokinetic study of single-dose sargramostim inhalation. Several problems were encountered whereby sargramostim formed an immune-complex with GM-CSF autoantibodies (GMAbs) immediately after entering the body; thus, we could not measure the concentration of sargramostim using a commercial high sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the ELISA could not discriminate inhaled sargramostim from intrinsic GM-CSF. To solve these problems, we developed a novel ELISA system with a capture antibody that is specific for sargramostim and a detection antibody capable of binding with GM-CSF. This system quantified the serum sargramostim concentration, but not E. coli-, CHO-, or HEK293T-derived human recombinant GM-CSF. Using this system, serum pharmacokinetics were estimated in five patients after inhalation of 250 μg sargramostim, with a mean Cmax of 9.7 ± 2.85 pg/ml at a Tmax of 2 ± 1.22 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Nakano
- Bioscience Medical Research Center, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Nakagaki
- Bioscience Medical Research Center, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuko Itoh
- Bioscience Medical Research Center, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Utako Seino
- Bioscience Medical Research Center, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ueda
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryushi Tazawa
- Bioscience Medical Research Center, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kitamura
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Koh Nakata
- Bioscience Medical Research Center, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital Niigata, Japan; Clinical and Translational Research Center, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital Niigata, Japan.
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126
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Dhagat U, Hercus TR, Broughton SE, Nero TL, Cheung Tung Shing KS, Barry EF, Thomson CA, Bryson S, Pai EF, McClure BJ, Schrader JW, Lopez AF, Parker MW. The mechanism of GM-CSF inhibition by human GM-CSF auto-antibodies suggests novel therapeutic opportunities. MAbs 2018; 10:1018-1029. [PMID: 29969365 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1494107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that can stimulate a variety of cells, but its overexpression leads to excessive production and activation of granulocytes and macrophages with many pathogenic effects. This cytokine is a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases, and several anti-GM-CSF antibodies have advanced to Phase 2 clinical trials in patients with such diseases, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis. GM-CSF is also an essential factor in preventing pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), a disease associated with GM-CSF malfunction arising most typically through the presence of GM-CSF neutralizing auto-antibodies. Understanding the mechanism of action for neutralizing antibodies that target GM-CSF is important for improving their specificity and affinity as therapeutics and, conversely, in devising strategies to reduce the effects of GM-CSF auto-antibodies in PAP. We have solved the crystal structures of human GM-CSF bound to antigen-binding fragments of two neutralizing antibodies, the human auto-antibody F1 and the mouse monoclonal antibody 4D4. Coordinates and structure factors of the crystal structures of the GM-CSF:F1 Fab and the GM-CSF:4D4 Fab complexes have been deposited in the RCSB Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 6BFQ and 6BFS, respectively. The structures show that these antibodies bind to mutually exclusive epitopes on GM-CSF; however, both prevent the cytokine from interacting with its alpha receptor subunit and hence prevent receptor activation. Importantly, identification of the F1 epitope together with functional analyses highlighted modifications to GM-CSF that would abolish auto-antibody recognition whilst retaining GM-CSF function. These results provide a framework for developing novel GM-CSF molecules for PAP treatment and for optimizing current anti-GM-CSF antibodies for use in treating inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmi Dhagat
- a St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre , Fitzroy , Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Timothy R Hercus
- b The Centre for Cancer Biology , SA Pathology and the University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Sophie E Broughton
- a St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre , Fitzroy , Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Tracy L Nero
- a St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre , Fitzroy , Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Karen S Cheung Tung Shing
- a St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre , Fitzroy , Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Emma F Barry
- b The Centre for Cancer Biology , SA Pathology and the University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Christy A Thomson
- d The Biomedical Research Centre , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Steve Bryson
- e Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,f Department of Biochemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Emil F Pai
- e Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,f Department of Biochemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,g Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,h Department of Molecular Genetics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Barbara J McClure
- b The Centre for Cancer Biology , SA Pathology and the University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - John W Schrader
- d The Biomedical Research Centre , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.,g Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Angel F Lopez
- b The Centre for Cancer Biology , SA Pathology and the University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia.,i Department of Medicine , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- a St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre , Fitzroy , Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
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127
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Gao S, Liu F. Fetal liver: an ideal niche for hematopoietic stem cell expansion. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:885-892. [PMID: 29934917 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fetal liver (FL) is an intricate and highly vascularized hematopoietic organ, which can support the extensive expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) without loss of stemness, as well as of the downstream lineages of HSCs. This powerful function of FL largely benefits from the niche (or microenvironment), which provides a residence for HSC expansion. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the FL niche consists of heterogeneous cell populations that associate with HSCs spatially and regulate HSCs functionally. At the molecular level, a complex of cell extrinsic and intrinsic signaling network within the FL niche cells maintains HSC expansion. Here, we summarize recent studies on the analysis of the FL HSCs and their niche, and specifically on the molecular regulatory network for HSC expansion. Based on these studies, we hypothesize a strategy to obtain a large number of functional HSCs via 3D reconstruction of FL organoid ex vivo for clinical treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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128
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Role of the β Common (βc) Family of Cytokines in Health and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a028514. [PMID: 28716883 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The β common ([βc]/CD131) family of cytokines comprises granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-3, and IL-5, all of which use βc as their key signaling receptor subunit. This is a prototypic signaling subunit-sharing cytokine family that has unveiled many biological paradigms and structural principles applicable to the IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 receptor families, all of which also share one or more signaling subunits. Originally identified for their functions in the hematopoietic system, the βc cytokines are now known to be truly pleiotropic, impacting on multiple cell types, organs, and biological systems, and thereby controlling the balance between health and disease. This review will focus on the emerging biological roles for the βc cytokines, our progress toward understanding the mechanisms of receptor assembly and signaling, and the application of this knowledge to develop exciting new therapeutic approaches against human disease.
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129
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Chen M, Zhang J, Chen Y, Qiu Y, Luo Z, Zhao S, Du L, Tian D. Hydrogen protects lung from hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury by reducing hydroxyl radical production and inhibiting inflammatory responses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8004. [PMID: 29789753 PMCID: PMC5964155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we investigated whether hydrogen can protect the lung from chronic injury induced by hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R). We developed a mouse model in which H/R exposure triggered clinically typical lung injury, involving increased alveolar wall thickening, infiltration by neutrophils, consolidation, alveolar hemorrhage, increased levels of inflammatory factors and recruitment of M1 macrophages. All these processes were attenuated in the presence of H2. We found that H/R-induced injury in our mouse model was associated with production of hydroxyl radicals as well as increased levels of colony-stimulating factors and circulating leukocytes. H2 attenuated H/R-induced production of hydroxyl radicals, up-regulation of colony-stimulating factors, and recruitment of neutrophils and M1 macrophages to lung tissues. However, H2 did not substantially affect the H/R-induced increase in erythropoietin or pulmonary artery remodeling. Our results suggest that H2 ameliorates H/R-induced lung injury by inhibiting hydroxyl radical production and inflammation in lungs. It may also prevent colony-stimulating factors from mobilizing progenitors in response to H/R-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511500, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511500, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zi Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, Hunan, 417000, China
| | - Sixia Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411100, China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Dongbo Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511500, China.
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130
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Rajasekhar M, Schmitz U, Flamant S, Wong JJL, Bailey CG, Ritchie W, Holst J, Rasko JEJ. Identifying microRNA determinants of human myelopoiesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7264. [PMID: 29739970 PMCID: PMC5940821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelopoiesis involves differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells to cellular populations that are restricted in their self-renewal capacity, beginning with the common myeloid progenitor (CMP) and leading to mature cells including monocytes and granulocytes. This complex process is regulated by various extracellular and intracellular signals including microRNAs (miRNAs). We characterised the miRNA profile of human CD34+CD38+ myeloid progenitor cells, and mature monocytes and granulocytes isolated from cord blood using TaqMan Low Density Arrays. We identified 19 miRNAs that increased in both cell types relative to the CMP and 27 that decreased. miR-125b and miR-10a were decreased by 10-fold and 100-fold respectively in the mature cells. Using in vitro granulopoietic differentiation of human CD34+ cells we show that decreases in both miR-125b and miR-10a correlate with a loss of CD34 expression and gain of CD11b and CD15 expression. Candidate target mRNAs were identified by co-incident predictions between the miRanda algorithm and genes with increased expression during differentiation. Using luciferase assays we confirmed MCL1 and FUT4 as targets of miR-125b and the transcription factor KLF4 as a target of miR-10a. Together, our data identify miRNAs with differential expression during myeloid development and reveal some relevant miRNA-target pairs that may contribute to physiological differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Rajasekhar
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ulf Schmitz
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stephane Flamant
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Justin J-L Wong
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Gene Regulation in Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia
| | - Charles G Bailey
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - William Ritchie
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Origins of Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia
| | - John E J Rasko
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. .,Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.
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131
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Giampaolo S, Wójcik G, Serfling E, Patra AK. Interleukin-2-regulatory T cell axis critically regulates maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29625-29642. [PMID: 28415569 PMCID: PMC5444691 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of IL-2 in HSC maintenance is unknown. Here we show that Il2−/− mice develop severe anomalies in HSC maintenance leading to defective hematopoiesis. Whereas, lack of IL-2 signaling was detrimental for lympho- and erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis was enhanced in Il2−/− mice. Investigation of the underlying mechanisms of dysregulated hematopoiesis in Il2−/− mice shows that the IL-2-Treg cell axis is indispensable for HSC maintenance and normal hematopoiesis. Lack of Treg activity resulted in increased IFN-? production by activated T cells and an expansion of the HSCs in the bone marrow (BM). Though, restoring Treg population successfully rescued HSC maintenance in Il2−/− mice, preventing IFN-? activity could do the same even in the absence of Treg cells. Our study suggests that equilibrium in IL-2 and IFN-? activity is critical for steady state hematopoiesis, and in clinical conditions of BM failure, IL-2 or anti-IFN-? treatment might help to restore hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Giampaolo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Wójcik
- Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Edgar Serfling
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Amiya K Patra
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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132
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Ferreira AF, Calin GA, Picanço-Castro V, Kashima S, Covas DT, de Castro FA. Hematopoietic stem cells from induced pluripotent stem cells - considering the role of microRNA as a cell differentiation regulator. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/4/jcs203018. [PMID: 29467236 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapy for hematological diseases can lead to a good outcome from the clinical point of view, the limited number of ideal donors, the comorbidity of patients and the increasing number of elderly patients may limit the application of this therapy. HSCs can be generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which requires the understanding of the bone marrow and liver niches components and function in vivo iPSCs have been extensively applied in several studies involving disease models, drug screening and cellular replacement therapies. However, the somatic reprogramming by transcription factors is a low-efficiency process. Moreover, the reprogramming process is also regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), which modulate the expression of the transcription factors OCT-4 (also known as POU5F1), SOX-2, KLF-4 and MYC, leading somatic cells to a pluripotent state. In this Review, we present an overview of the challenges of cell reprogramming protocols with regard to HSC generation from iPSCs, and highlight the potential role of miRNAs in cell reprogramming and in the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline F Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Virgínia Picanço-Castro
- Center of Cell Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Center of Cell Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Dimas T Covas
- Center of Cell Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiola A de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
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133
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Stiehl T, Ho AD, Marciniak-Czochra A. Mathematical modeling of the impact of cytokine response of acute myeloid leukemia cells on patient prognosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2809. [PMID: 29434256 PMCID: PMC5809606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease. One reason for the heterogeneity may originate from inter-individual differences in the responses of leukemic cells to endogenous cytokines. On the basis of mathematical modeling, computer simulations and patient data, we have provided evidence that cytokine-independent leukemic cell proliferation may be linked to early relapses and poor overall survival. Depending whether the model of cytokine-dependent or cytokine-independent leukemic cell proliferation fits to the clinical data, patients can be assigned to two groups that differ significantly with respect to overall survival. The modeling approach further enables us to identify parameter constellations that can explain unexpected responses of some patients to external cytokines such as blast crisis or remission without chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stiehl
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Center of Scientific Computing and BIOQUANT Center, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Marciniak-Czochra
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Center of Scientific Computing and BIOQUANT Center, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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134
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Cook AD, Hamilton JA. Investigational therapies targeting the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor-α in rheumatoid arthritis: focus on mavrilimumab. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2018; 10:29-38. [PMID: 29387176 PMCID: PMC5784476 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x17752036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mavrilimumab (formerly CAM-3001) is a high-affinity, immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor-α chain. Phase I and II trials in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with mavrilimumab have shown encouraging results with respect to both safety and efficacy. No significant adverse events have so far been noted. The trials have demonstrated significant clinical benefit, meeting primary endpoints. Furthermore, for RA patients treated with mavrilimumab, who were tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor-inadequate responders, there are encouraging preliminary data indicating benefit and identifying potential biomarkers predictive of patients likely to find benefit. Here, we review the clinical trial data for mavrilimumab and discuss its potential as a treatment for RA in light of the competitive landscape in which it resides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Cook
- Department of Medicine at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - John A. Hamilton
- Department of Medicine at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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135
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Singpiel A, Kramer J, Maus R, Stolper J, Bittersohl LF, Gauldie J, Kolb M, Welte T, Sparwasser T, Maus UA. Adenoviral vector-mediated GM-CSF gene transfer improves anti-mycobacterial immunity in mice - role of regulatory T cells. Immunobiology 2017; 223:331-341. [PMID: 29089144 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor involved in differentiation, survival and activation of myeloid and non-myeloid cells with important implications for lung antibacterial immunity. Here we examined the effect of pulmonary adenoviral vector-mediated delivery of GM-CSF (AdGM-CSF) on anti-mycobacterial immunity in M. bovis BCG infected mice. Exposure of M. bovis BCG infected mice to AdGM-CSF either applied on 6h, or 6h and 7days post-infection substantially increased alveolar recruitment of iNOS and IL-12 expressing macrophages, and significantly increased accumulation of IFNγpos T cells and particularly regulatory T cells (Tregs). This was accompanied by significantly reduced mycobacterial loads in the lungs of mice. Importantly, diphtheria toxin-induced depletion of Tregs did not influence mycobacterial loads, but accentuated immunopathology in AdGM-CSF-exposed mice infected with M. bovis BCG. Together, the data demonstrate that AdGM-CSF therapy improves lung protective immunity against M. bovis BCG infection in mice independent of co-recruited Tregs, which however critically contribute to limit lung immunopathology in BCG-infected mice. These data may be relevant to the development of immunomodulatory strategies to limit immunopathology-based lung injury in tuberculosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Regina Maus
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Germany
| | | | | | - Jack Gauldie
- Department of Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Martin Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tobias Welte
- Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Germany
| | - Ulrich A Maus
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
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136
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Kiang JG, Zhai M, Bolduc DL, Smith JT, Anderson MN, Ho C, Lin B, Jiang S. Combined Therapy of Pegylated G-CSF and Alxn4100TPO Improves Survival and Mitigates Acute Radiation Syndrome after Whole-Body Ionizing Irradiation Alone and Followed by Wound Trauma. Radiat Res 2017; 188:476-490. [PMID: 28850300 PMCID: PMC5743055 DOI: 10.1667/rr14647.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation alone or combined with traumatic tissue injury is a crucial life-threatening factor in nuclear and radiological incidents. Radiation injuries occur at the molecular, cellular, tissue and systemic levels; their mechanisms, however, remain largely unclear. Exposure to radiation combined with skin wounding, bacterial infection or burns results in greater mortality than radiation exposure alone in dogs, pigs, rats, guinea pigs and mice. In the current study we observed that B6D2F1/J female mice exposed to 60Co gamma-photon radiation followed by 15% total-body-surface-area skin wounds experienced an increment of 25% higher mortality over a 30-day observation period compared to those subjected to radiation alone. Radiation exposure delayed wound healing by approximately 14 days. On day 30 post-injury, bone marrow and ileum in animals from both groups (radiation alone or combined injury) still displayed low cellularity and structural damage. White blood cell counts, e.g., neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and platelets, still remained very low in surviving irradiated alone animals, whereas only the lymphocyte count was low in surviving combined injury animals. Likewise, in surviving animals from radiation alone and combined injury groups, the RBCs, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets remained low. We observed, that animals treated with both pegylated G-CSF (a cytokine for neutrophil maturation and mobilization) and Alxn4100TPO (a thrombopoietin receptor agonist) at 4 h postirradiation, a 95% survival (vehicle: 60%) over the 30-day period, along with mitigated body-weight loss and significantly reduced acute radiation syndrome. In animals that received combined treatment of radiation and injury that received pegylated G-CSF and Alxn4100TPO, survival was increased from 35% to 55%, but did not accelerate wound healing. Hematopoiesis and ileum showed significant improvement in animals from both groups (irradiation alone and combined injury) when treated with pegylated G-CSF and Alxn4100TPO. Treatment with pegylated G-CSF alone increased survival after irradiation alone and combined injury by 33% and 15%, respectively, and further delayed wound healing, but increased WBC, RBC and platelet counts after irradiation alone, and only RBCs and platelets after combined injury. Treatment with Alxn4100TPO alone increased survival after both irradiation alone and combined injury by 4 and 23%, respectively, and delayed wound healing after combined injury, but increased RBCs, hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit values and platelets after irradiation alone and only platelets after combined injury. Taken together, the results suggest that combined treatment with pegylated G-CSF and Alxn4100TPO is effective for mitigating effects of both radiation alone and in combination with injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliann G. Kiang
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Min Zhai
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David L. Bolduc
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joan T. Smith
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marsha N. Anderson
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Connie Ho
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720
| | - Bin Lin
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Suping Jiang
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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137
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Sienkiewicz D, Kułak W, Okurowska-Zawada B, Paszko-Patej G, Wojtkowski J, Sochoń K, Kalinowska A, Okulczyk K, Sienkiewicz J, McEachern E. Efficacy and the Safety of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Treatment in Patients with Muscular Dystrophy: A Non-Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Neurol 2017; 8:566. [PMID: 29123500 PMCID: PMC5662550 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The current standard treatment for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) involves corticosteroids. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) induces the proliferation of satellite cells and myoblasts and, in turn, muscle regeneration. Beneficial effects of G-CSF were also described for skeletal muscle disorders. Aim We assessed the safety and effects of using G-CSF to promote muscle strength in patients with DMD. Materials and methods Inclusion criteria were as follows: patients aged 5–15 years with diagnosed with DMD confirmed by genetic test or biopsy. Fourteen patients were treated with steroids, and their use was not changed in this study. Diagnoses were confirmed by genetic tests: deletions were detected in 11 patients and duplications in 5 patients. Nineteen 5- to 15-year-old patients diagnosed with DMD—9 were in wheelchairs, whereas 10 were mobile and independent—completed an open study. Participants received a clinical examination and performed physiotherapeutic and laboratory tests to gage their manual muscle strength, their isometric force using a hand dynamometer, and aerobic capacity [i.e., 6-min walk test (6MWT)] before and after therapy. Each participant received G-CSF (5 µg/kg/body/day) subcutaneously for five consecutive days during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 12th month. Laboratory investigations that included full blood count and biochemistry were performed. Side effects of G-CSF treatment were assessed during each visit. During each cycle of G-CSF administration in the hospital, rehabilitation was also applied. All patients received regular ambulatory rehabilitation. Results The subcutaneous administration of G-CSF improved muscle strength in participants. We recorded a significant increase in the distance covered in the 6MWT, either on foot or in a wheelchair, increased muscle force in isometric force, and a statistically significant decrease in the activity of the muscle enzyme creatine kinase after nearly every cycle of treatment. We observed no side effects of treatment with G-CSF. Conclusion Our findings suggest that G-CSF increases muscle strength in patients with DMD, who demonstrated that G-CSF therapy is safe and easily tolerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Sienkiewicz
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kułak
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Grażyna Paszko-Patej
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Janusz Wojtkowski
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Karolina Sochoń
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Kalinowska
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Kamila Okulczyk
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Edward McEachern
- Medicine Bioscientific Research Faculty, Metro Health Medical Center Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mortality and morbidity associated with leukemia are largely due to frequently occurring cytopenias or the dysfunction of normal blood cells in patients. Our knowledge of how normal blood cells degenerate in response to leukemic cell infiltration has been quite limited. This review summarizes recent findings and discusses both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms underlying the suppression of normal hematopoiesis in leukemia. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown that leukemic cells are able to remodel the bone marrow niche by secreting specific cytokines or dampening its hematopoietic-supporting functions. In turn, a suitable microenvironment for leukemic cell proliferation but not for normal hematopoietic cell growth is created. Intrinsically, the leukemic condition impairs the normalcy of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and alters their signaling networks; consequently, it exhausts hematopoietic progenitor cells and forces stem cells into a more quiescent state, which would allow a reversible suppression of hematopoietic regeneration. The deepened quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells in leukemic marrow was achieved in part via transcription factor Egr3. SUMMARY These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying hematopoietic suppression in response to leukemic cell outgrowth and offer new strategies to further improve current therapies for leukemias, placing more emphasis on the augmentation of normal hematopoietic regeneration when targeting leukemic cells.
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139
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Sarker JM, Pearce SM, Nelson RP, Kinzer-Ursem TL, Umulis DM, Rundell AE. An Integrative multi-lineage model of variation in leukopoiesis and acute myelogenous leukemia. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:78. [PMID: 28841879 PMCID: PMC5574150 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) progresses uniquely in each patient. However, patients are typically treated with the same types of chemotherapy, despite biological differences that lead to differential responses to treatment. Results Here we present a multi-lineage multi-compartment model of the hematopoietic system that captures patient-to-patient variation in both the concentration and rates of change of hematopoietic cell populations. By constraining the model against clinical hematopoietic cell recovery data derived from patients who have received induction chemotherapy, we identified trends for parameters that must be met by the model; for example, the mitosis rates and the probability of self-renewal of progenitor cells are inversely related. Within the data-consistent models, we found 22,796 parameter sets that meet chemotherapy response criteria. Simulations of these parameter sets display diverse dynamics in the cell populations. To identify large trends in these model outputs, we clustered the simulated cell population dynamics using k-means clustering and identified thirteen ‘representative patient’ dynamics. In each of these patient clusters, we simulated AML and found that clusters with the greatest mitotic capacity experience clinical cancer outcomes more likely to lead to shorter survival times. Conversely, other parameters, including lower death rates or mobilization rates, did not correlate with survival times. Conclusions Using the multi-lineage model of hematopoiesis, we have identified several key features that determine leukocyte homeostasis, including self-renewal probabilities and mitosis rates, but not mobilization rates. Other influential parameters that regulate AML model behavior are responses to cytokines/growth factors produced in peripheral blood that target the probability of self-renewal of neutrophil progenitors. Finally, our model predicts that the mitosis rate of cancer is the most predictive parameter for survival time, followed closely by parameters that affect the self-renewal of cancer stem cells; most current therapies target mitosis rate, but based on our results, we propose that additional therapeutic targeting of self-renewal of cancer stem cells will lead to even higher survival rates. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-017-0469-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyatee M Sarker
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, 47906, IN, USA
| | - Serena M Pearce
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, 47906, IN, USA
| | - Robert P Nelson
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Divisions of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 535 Barnhill Dr., Ste. 473, Indianapolis, 46202, IN, USA
| | - Tamara L Kinzer-Ursem
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, 47906, IN, USA
| | - David M Umulis
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, 47906, IN, USA. .,Ag. and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, 47906, IN, USA.
| | - Ann E Rundell
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, 47906, IN, USA
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Song L, Lin HS, Gong JN, Han H, Wang XS, Su R, Chen MT, Shen C, Ma YN, Yu J, Zhang JW. microRNA-451-modulated hnRNP A1 takes a part in granulocytic differentiation regulation and acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55453-55466. [PMID: 28903433 PMCID: PMC5589672 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelopoiesis is under the control of a complex network containing various regulation factors. Deregulation of any important regulation factors may result in serious consequences including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In order to find out the genes that may take a part in AML development, we analyzed data from AML cDNA microarray (GSE2191) in the NCBI data pool and noticed that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) is abnormally over-expressed in AML patients. Then we investigated the function and mechanisms of hnRNP A1 in myeloid development. A gradually decreased hnRNP A1 expression was detected during granulocytic differentiation in ATRA-induced-NB4 and HL-60 cells and cytokines-induced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. By function-loss and winning experiments we demonstrated hnRNP A1's inhibition role via inhibiting expression of C/EBPα, a key regulator of granulocytic differentiation, in the granulocytic differentiation. During granulocytic differentiation the decrease of hnRNP A1 reduces inhibition on C/EBPα expression, and the increased C/EBPα promotes the differentiation. We also demonstrated that miR-451 promotes granulocytic differentiation via targeting to and down-regulating hnRNP A1, and hnRNP A1 positively regulates c-Myc expression. Summarily, our results revealed new function and mechanisms of hnRNP A1 in normal granulocytiesis and the involvement of a feed-back loop comprising c-Myc, miR-451 and hnRNP A1 in AML development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hai-Shuang Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jia-Nan Gong
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Rui Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ming-Tai Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Chao Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yan-Ni Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jia Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jun-Wu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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141
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Yan WL, Shen KY, Tien CY, Chen YA, Liu SJ. Recent progress in GM-CSF-based cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:347-360. [PMID: 28303764 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a growing field. GM-CSF, a potent cytokine promoting the differentiation of myeloid cells, can also be used as an immunostimulatory adjuvant to elicit antitumor immunity. Additionally, GM-CSF is essential for the differentiation of dendritic cells, which are responsible for processing and presenting tumor antigens for the priming of antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Some strategies have been developed for GM-CSF-based cancer immunotherapy in clinical practice: GM-CSF monotherapy, GM-CSF-secreting cancer cell vaccines, GM-CSF-fused tumor-associated antigen protein-based vaccines, GM-CSF-based DNA vaccines and GM-CSF combination therapy. GM-CSF also contributes to the regulation of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. This review provides recommendations regarding GM-CSF-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Lun Yan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yin Shen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.,Graduate Instituteof Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yuan Tien
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Graduate Instituteof Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
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142
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Sica A, Massarotti M. Myeloid suppressor cells in cancer and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2017; 85:117-125. [PMID: 28728794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A bottleneck for immunotherapy of cancer is the immunosuppressive microenvironment in which the tumor cells proliferate. Cancers harness the immune regulatory mechanism that prevents autoimmunity from evading immunosurveillance and promoting immune destruction. Regulatory T cells, myeloid suppressor cells, inhibitory cytokines and immune checkpoint receptors are the major components of the immune system acting in concert with cancer cells and causing the subversion of anti-tumor immunity. This redundant immunosuppressive network poses an impediment to efficacious immunotherapy by facilitating tumor progression. Tumor-associated myeloid cells comprise heterogeneous populations acting systemically (myeloid-derived suppressor cells/MDSCs) and/or locally in the tumor microenvironment (MDSCs and tumor-associated macrophages/TAMs). Both populations promote cancer cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and elicit immunosuppression through different pathways, including the expression of immunosuppressive cytokines and checkpoint inhibitors. Several evidences have demonstrated that myeloid cells can express different functional programs in response to different microenvironmental signals, a property defined as functional plasticity. The opposed extremes of this functional flexibility are generally represented by the classical macrophage activation, which identifies inflammatory and cytotoxic M1 polarized macrophages, and the alternative state of macrophage activation, which identifies M2 polarized anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive macrophages. Functional skewing of myeloid cells occurs in vivo under physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer and autoimmunity. Here we discuss how myeloid suppressor cells can on one hand support tumor growth and, on the other, limit autoimmune responses, indicating that their therapeutic reprogramming can generate opportunities in relieving immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment or reinstating tolerance in autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", via Bovio 6, Novara, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, CAAD, Novara, Italy.
| | - Marco Massarotti
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Ashton Road, LA1 4RP Lancaster, United Kingdom
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143
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Lunger I, Fawaz M, Rieger MA. Single-cell analyses to reveal hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2195-2212. [PMID: 28600837 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the best studied adult stem cells with enormous clinical value. Most of our knowledge about their biology relies on assays at the single HSC level. However, only the recent advances in developing new single cell technologies allowed the elucidation of the complex regulation of HSC fate decision control. This Review will focus on current attempts to investigate individual HSCs at molecular and functional levels. The advantages of these technologies leading to groundbreaking insights into hematopoiesis will be highlighted, and the challenges facing these technologies will be discussed. The importance of combining molecular and functional assays to enlighten regulatory networks of HSC fate decision control, ideally at high temporal resolution, becomes apparent for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Lunger
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Malak Fawaz
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael A Rieger
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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144
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Koubourli DV, Wendel ES, Yaparla A, Ghaul JR, Grayfer L. Immune roles of amphibian (Xenopus laevis) tadpole granulocytes during Frog Virus 3 ranavirus infections. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 72:112-118. [PMID: 28238879 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Infections by Frog Virus 3 (FV3) and other ranaviruses (RVs) are contributing to the amphibian declines, while the mechanisms controlling anuran tadpole susceptibility and adult frog resistance to RVs, including the roles of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) during anti-FV3 responses, remain largely unknown. Since amphibian kidneys represent an important FV3 target, the inability of amphibian (Xenopus laevis) tadpoles to mount effective kidney inflammatory responses to FV3 is thought to contribute to their susceptibility. Here we demonstrate that a recombinant X. laevis granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) generates PMNs with hallmark granulocyte morphology. Tadpole pretreatment with G-CSF prior to FV3 infection reduces animal kidney FV3 loads and extends their survival. Moreover, G-CSF-derived PMNs are resistant to FV3 infection and express high levels of TNFα in response to this virus. Notably, FV3-infected tadpoles fail to recruit G-CSFR expressing granulocytes into their kidneys, suggesting that they lack an integral inflammatory effector population at this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne V Koubourli
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emily S Wendel
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amulya Yaparla
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jonathan R Ghaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Leon Grayfer
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Ryu SH, Na HY, Sohn M, Choi W, In H, Shin HS, Choi JH, Park CG. Competent antigen-presenting cells are generated from the long-term culture of splenocytes with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Immunol Lett 2017; 188:96-107. [PMID: 28673654 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are routinely produced from the culture of mouse bone marrow (BM) with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) within a period of 10days. Although splenic extramedullary myelopoiesis was suggested to occur under the influence of GM-CSF, the hematopoietic outcome of splenic culture with GM-CSF has not been scrutinized. We have cultured mouse splenocytes with GM-CSF for an extended period of time, where we discovered that the CD11b⁺CD11c⁺ cells began to proliferate prominently after 10days and their number increased until the 4th week of the culture. In parallel experiments, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and its ligand, FLT3L, were not found to influence the culture of splenocytes. Like DCs in the culture of BM with GM-CSF, a distinct population of CD11b⁺CD11c⁺MHC IIhi cells was readily identified as DCs in the long-term culture of splenocytes. After being isolated and plated overnight the CD11b⁺CD11c⁺MHC IIhi cells exhibited non-adherent dendritic morphology, while the other CD11b⁺CD11c⁺ cells became adherent. Besides, these CD11b⁺CD11c⁺MHC IIhi cells possessed relatively weak endocytic and phagocytic abilities but displayed strong antigen-presenting capacities, revealing DC-like characteristics; in contrast, the other CD11b⁺CD11c⁺ cells showed strong endocytosis and phagocytosis of antigens but were poor at antigen presentation, indicating macrophage-like traits. Therefore, we demonstrated that phenotypically as well as functionally genuine DCs are generated in the long-term culture of splenocytes with GM-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Hye Ryu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Na
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Moah Sohn
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanho Choi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju In
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Gyu Park
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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146
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von Garnier C, Blank F, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Goethert JR, Holt PG, Stumbles PA, Strickland DH. Identification and Characterization of a Dendritic Cell Precursor in Parenchymal Lung Tissue. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:353-361. [PMID: 27779901 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0058oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary parenchymal and mucosal microenvironments are constantly exposed to the external environment and thus require continuous surveillance to maintain steady-state immunological homeostasis. This is achieved by a mobile network of pulmonary dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (mø) that constantly sample and process microenvironmental antigens into signals that can initiate or dampen inflammation, either locally or after onward migration to draining lymph nodes. The constant steady-state turnover of pulmonary DC and mø requires replenishment from bone marrow precursors; however, the nature of the pulmonary precursor cell (PC) remains unclear, although recent studies suggest that subsets of pulmonary DC may derive from circulating monocytic precursors. In the current study, we describe a population of cells in steady-state mouse lung tissue that has the surface phenotypic and ultrastructural characteristics of a common DC progenitor. Irradiation and reconstitution studies confirmed the bone marrow origins of this PC and showed that it had rapid depletion and reconstitution kinetics that were similar to those of DC, with a 50% repopulation by donor-derived cells by Days 7-9 after reconstitution. This was significantly faster than the rates observed for mø, which showed 50% repopulation by donor-derived cells beyond Days 16-21 after reconstitution. Purified PC gained antigen-presenting function and a cell surface phenotype similar to that of pulmonary DC after maturation in vitro, with light and electron microscopy confirming a myeloid DC morphology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe a PC for DC in lung tissue; the findings have implications for the restoration of pulmonary immunological homeostasis after bone marrow transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe von Garnier
- 1 Respiratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Blank
- 1 Respiratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Joachim R Goethert
- 3 Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Philip A Stumbles
- 4 Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,5 School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; and.,6 School of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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147
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Millar JK, Kannan KB, Loftus TJ, Alamo IG, Plazas J, Efron PA, Mohr AM. Persistent injury-associated anemia: the role of the bone marrow microenvironment. J Surg Res 2017; 214:240-246. [PMID: 28624051 PMCID: PMC5550023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regulation of erythropoiesis involves hematopoietic progenitor cells, bone marrow stroma, and the microenvironment. Following severe injury, a hypercatecholamine state develops that is associated with increased mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells to peripheral blood and decreased growth of bone marrow erythroid progenitor cells that manifests clinically as a persistent injury-associated anemia. Changes within the bone marrow microenvironment influence the development of erythroid progenitor cells. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of lung contusion, hemorrhagic shock, and chronic stress on the hematopoietic cytokine response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow was obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6/group) killed 7 d after lung contusion followed by hemorrhagic shock (LCHS) or LCHS followed by daily chronic restraint stress (LCHS/CS). End point polymerase chain reaction was performed for interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, stem cell factor, transforming growth factor-β, high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), and B-cell lymphoma-extra large. RESULTS Seven days following LCHS and LCHS/CS, bone marrow expression of prohematopoietic cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, stem cell factor, and transforming growth factor-β) was significantly decreased, and bone marrow expression of HMGB-1 was significantly increased. B-cell lymphoma-extra large bone marrow expression was not affected by LCHS or LCHS/CS (naïve: 44 ± 12, LCHS: 44 ± 12, LCHS/CS: 37 ± 1, all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The bone marrow microenvironment was significantly altered following severe trauma in a rodent model. Prohematopoietic cytokines were downregulated, and the proinflammatory cytokine HMGB-1 had increased bone marrow expression. Modulation of the bone marrow microenvironment may represent a therapeutic strategy following severe trauma to alleviate persistent injury-associated anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Millar
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kolenkode B Kannan
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Tyler J Loftus
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ines G Alamo
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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148
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Tsapogas P, Mooney CJ, Brown G, Rolink A. The Cytokine Flt3-Ligand in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1115. [PMID: 28538663 PMCID: PMC5485939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FL) is an important regulator of hematopoiesis. Its receptor, Flt3, is expressed on myeloid, lymphoid and dendritic cell progenitors and is considered an important growth and differentiation factor for several hematopoietic lineages. Activating mutations of Flt3 are frequently found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and associated with a poor clinical prognosis. In the present review we provide an overview of our current knowledge on the role of FL in the generation of blood cell lineages. We examine recent studies on Flt3 expression by hematopoietic stem cells and its potential instructive action at early stages of hematopoiesis. In addition, we review current findings on the role of mutated FLT3 in leukemia and the development of FLT3 inhibitors for therapeutic use to treat AML. The importance of mouse models in elucidating the role of Flt3-ligand in normal and malignant hematopoiesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Tsapogas
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, Basel 4058, Switzerland.
| | - Ciaran James Mooney
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edbgaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Geoffrey Brown
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edbgaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edbgaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Antonius Rolink
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, Basel 4058, Switzerland.
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149
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Won H, Moreira D, Gao C, Duttagupta P, Zhao X, Manuel E, Diamond D, Yuan YC, Liu Z, Jones J, D'Apuzzo M, Pal S, Kortylewski M. TLR9 expression and secretion of LIF by prostate cancer cells stimulates accumulation and activity of polymorphonuclear MDSCs. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:423-436. [PMID: 28533357 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ma1016-451rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory signals promote prostate tumorigenesis and progression, but their origins and downstream effects remain unclear. We recently demonstrated that the expression of an innate immune receptor, TLR9, by prostate cancer cells is critical for their tumor-propagating potential. We investigated whether cancer cell-intrinsic TLR9 signaling alters composition of the prostate tumor microenvironment. We generated Ras/Myc (RM9) and Myc-driven (Myc-CaP) prostate cancer cells expressing the tetracycline-inducible gene Tlr9 (Tlr9ON ) or the control LacZ (LacZON ). When engrafted into mice and treated with tetracycline, Tlr9ON , but not LacZON , tumors showed accelerated growth kinetics compared with tumors in PBS-treated mice. Tlr9 upregulation in cancer cells triggered the selective accumulation of CD11b+Ly6GHILy6CLO myeloid cells, phenotypically similar to PMN-MDSCs. The PMN-MDSCs from tetracycline-treated RM9-Tlr9ON tumors increased the immunosuppressive activity of the STAT3 transcription factor, thereby more potently inhibiting T cell proliferation. We identified LIF, an IL-6-type cytokine and STAT3 activator, as a potential mediator of crosstalk between TLR9-expressing prostate cancer cells and PMN-MDSCs. Antibody-mediated LIF neutralization reduced the percentage of tumor-infiltrating PMN-MDSCs and inhibited tumor growth in mice. The clinical relevance of LIF is confirmed by the correlation between TLR9 and LIF expression in prostate cancer specimens. Furthermore, blood samples from patients with prostate cancer showed elevated levels of LIF and high LIFR expression on circulating PMN-MDSCs. Our results suggest that TLR9+ prostate cancers promote immune evasion via LIF-mediated expansion and activation of PMN-MDSCs. Finally, targeting TLR9/LIF/STAT3 signaling using oligonucleotide-based inhibitors, such as CpG-STAT3dODN, can offer new opportunities for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejung Won
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Dayson Moreira
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Chan Gao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Priyanka Duttagupta
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Xingli Zhao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Edwin Manuel
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Don Diamond
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jeremy Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Massimo D'Apuzzo
- Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA; and
| | - Sumanta Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Marcin Kortylewski
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA;
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150
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Cao Y, Zhang E, Yang J, Yang Y, Yu J, Xiao Y, Li W, Zhou D, Li Y, Zhao B, Yan H, Lu M, Zhong M, Yan H. Frontline Science: Nasal epithelial GM-CSF contributes to TLR5-mediated modulation of airway dendritic cells and subsequent IgA response. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:575-587. [PMID: 28522600 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi0816-368rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Flagellin, as a TLR5 agonist, is an established mucosal adjuvant for enhancing mucosal IgA responses by i.n. immunization. Nasal epithelial cells (NECs) are the first sentinel cells to be exposed to antigen and adjuvant in i.n. immunization, and it is suggested that they play an important role in the mucosal adjuvant activity of flagellin. However, the molecular mechanism leading to modulation and the response by flagellin-activated NECs remain unknown. We aimed to identify the soluble mediator(s) from flagellin-activated NECs that modulate the functions of airway dendritic cells (DCs) and enhance subsequent IgA response. In vitro studies showed that compared with the TLR4 agonist LPS, flagellin directly triggered slight up-regulation of CD80 on airway DCs but was insufficient to affect CD86 expression and DC-mediated IgA response. With the use of an in vitro system for culturing mouse primary NECs (mNECs), we demonstrated that flagellin-activated mNECs could functionally modulate airway DCs, which manifested as significant up-regulation of CD80/CD86 and enhancement of IgA production. The functional modulation of airway DCs was dependent on TLR5 activation of mNECs rather than direct TLR5 activation of airway DCs. With the use of cytokine array and antibody-blocking assays, we further identified that GM-CSF, a cytokine secreted from TLR5-activated mNECs, contributes to the activation of mNECs to airway DCs and subsequent IgA enhancement. In vivo blocking experiments confirmed that GM-CSF is an important factor in recombinant flagellin derived from Salmonella typhi (FliC)-induced airway DC activation and antigen-specific IgA enhancement. Our data directly demonstrate that nasal epithelial GM-CSF contributes to TLR5-mediated modulation of airway DCs and a subsequent IgA response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Ejuan Zhang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Yi Yang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Jie Yu
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Yang Xiao
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Wei Li
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Dihan Zhou
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Yaoming Li
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Bali Zhao
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Hu Yan
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maohua Zhong
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Huimin Yan
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
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