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Morris B, Rivin BE, Sheldon M, Krieger JN. Neonatal Male Circumcision: Clearly Beneficial for Public Health or an Ethical Dilemma? A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e54772. [PMID: 38405642 PMCID: PMC10889534 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Contrasting ethical and legal arguments have been made concerning neonatal male circumcision (NMC) that merit the first systematic review on this topic. We performed PRISMA-compliant keyword searches of PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, LexisNexis, and other databases and identified 61 articles that met the inclusion criteria. In the bibliographies of these articles, we identified 58 more relevant articles and 28 internet items. We found high-quality evidence that NMC is a low-risk procedure that provides immediate and lifetime medical and health benefits and only rarely leads to later adverse effects on sexual function or pleasure. Given this evidence, we conclude that discouraging or denying NMC is unethical from the perspective of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which emphasizes the right to health. Further, case law supports the legality of NMC. We found, conversely, that the ethical arguments against NMC rely on distortions of the medical evidence. Thus, NMC, by experienced operators using available safety precautions, appears to be both legal and ethical. Consistent with this conclusion, all of the evidence-based pediatric policies that we reviewed describe NMC as low-risk and beneficial to public health. We calculated that a reduction in NMC in the United States from 80% to 10% would substantially increase the cases of adverse medical conditions. The present findings thus support the evidence-based NMC policy statements and are inconsistent with the non-evidence-based policies that discourage NMC. On balance, the arguments and evidence reviewed here indicate that NMC is a medically beneficial and ethical public health intervention early in life because it reduces suffering, deaths, cases, and costs of treating adverse medical conditions throughout the lifetimes of circumcised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Morris
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, AUS
| | - Beth E Rivin
- Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Bioethics, Uplift International, Seattle, USA
| | - Mark Sheldon
- Medical Humanities and Bioethics Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
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Rosato I, Bonato T, Fletcher T, Batzella E, Canova C. Estimation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) half-lives in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117743. [PMID: 38008199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a heterogeneous group of synthetic compounds widely used in industrial applications. The estimation of PFAS half-life (t1/2) is essential to quantify their persistence, their toxicity and mechanism of action in humans. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence on PFAS half-lives in humans from the available literature, and to investigate the limitations and uncertainties characterizing half-life estimation. METHODS The search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases up to July 03, 2023 and was aimed at identifying all papers that estimated PFAS half-life in human populations. We excluded studies on temporal trends or providing estimates of half-life based solely on renal clearance. As persistent and ongoing exposures can influence half-life estimation, we decided to include only studies that were conducted after the main source of exposure to PFAS had ceased. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on studies that reported perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) or perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) half-life estimation. Risk of bias was evaluated using the OHAT tool. RESULTS A total of 13 articles were included in the review, with 5 studies conducted in exposed general populations and 8 studies conducted in exposed workers; the estimated mean half-life ranged from 1.48 to 5.1 years for PFOA, from 3.4 to 5.7 years for total PFOS, and from 2.84 to 8.5 years for PFHxS. High heterogeneity among studies was observed; potential reasons include the variability among the investigated populations, discrepancies in considering ongoing exposures, variability in PFAS isomeric compositions, accounting for background exposure, time since exposure stopped and methods used for half-life estimation. DISCUSSION Despite the efforts made to better understand PFAS toxicokinetics, further studies are needed to identify important characteristics of these persistent chemicals. Biomonitoring studies should focus on persistent and unaccounted sources of exposure to PFAS and on individual characteristics potentially determining half-life, to ensure accurate estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Rosato
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bonato
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Tony Fletcher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erich Batzella
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Canova
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy.
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103
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Wang I, Walker RM, Gillespie BM, Scott I, Sugathapala RDUP, Chaboyer W. Risk factors predicting hospital-acquired pressure injury in adult patients: An overview of reviews. Int J Nurs Stud 2024; 150:104642. [PMID: 38041937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital-acquired pressure injuries remain a significant patient safety threat. Current well-known pressure injury risk assessment tools have many limitations and therefore do not accurately predict the risk of pressure injury development over diverse populations. A contemporary understanding of the risk factors predicting pressure injury in adult hospitalised patients will inform pressure injury prevention and future researchers considering risk assessment tool development may benefit from our summary and synthesis of risk factors. OBJECTIVE To summarise and synthesise systematic reviews that identify risk factors for hospital-acquired pressure injury development in adult patients. DESIGN An overview of systematic reviews. METHODS Cochrane and the Joanna Briggs Institute methodologies guided this overview. The Cochrane library, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Embase databases were searched for relevant articles published in English from January 2008 to September 2022. Two researchers independently screened articles against the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and assessed the quality of the included reviews using "a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews" (AMSTAR version 2). Data were categorised using an inductive approach and synthesised according to the recent pressure injury conceptual frameworks. RESULTS From 11 eligible reviews, 37 risk factors were categorised inductively into 14 groups of risk factors. From these, six groups were classified into two domains: four to mechanical boundary conditions and two to susceptibility and tolerance of the individual. The remaining eight groups were evident across both domains. Four main risk factors, including diabetes, length of surgery or intensive care unit stay, vasopressor use, and low haemoglobin level were synthesised. The overall quality of the included reviews was low in five studies (45 %) and critically low in six studies (55 %). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlighted the limitations in the methodological quality of the included reviews that may have influenced our results regarding risk factors. Current risk assessment tools and conceptual frameworks do not fully explain the complex and changing interactions amongst risk factors. This may warrant the need for more high-quality research, such as cohort studies, focussing on predicting hospital-acquired pressure injury in adult patients, to reconsider these risk factors we synthesised. REGISTRATION This overview was registered with the PROSPERO (CRD42022362218) on 27 September 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Wang
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | - Rachel M Walker
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. https://twitter.com/rachelmwalker
| | - Brigid M Gillespie
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Australia. https://twitter.com/bgillespie6
| | - Ian Scott
- The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Wendy Chaboyer
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. https://twitter.com/WendyChaboyer
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104
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Beresford CJ, Gelling L, Baron S, Thompson L. The experiences of people with liver disease of palliative and end-of-life care in the United Kingdom-A systematic literature review and metasynthesis. Health Expect 2024; 27:e13893. [PMID: 37855242 PMCID: PMC10768859 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver disease is a growing health concern and a major cause of death. It causes multiple symptoms, including financial, psychological and social issues. To address these challenges, palliative care can support people alongside active treatment, and towards the end of life, but little is known about the care experiences of individuals with liver disease in the United Kingdom. This review aimed to explore the palliative and end-of-life care experiences of people with liver disease in the United Kingdom. METHOD A systematic review was conducted using a five-stage process and following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines. Searches were across Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO and grey literature until 10 May 2023. The review was registered through International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). NVivo 12.5 was used to facilitate data analysis (systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42022382649). RESULTS Of 6035 papers (excluding duplicates) found from searches, five met the inclusion criteria of primary research related to adults with liver disease receiving palliative and/or end-of-life care in the United Kingdom, published in English. Reflexive thematic analysis of the data was conducted. The themes identified were the experiences of people with liver disease of relating to healthcare professionals, using services, receiving support, and experiences of information and communication. These were connected by an overarching concept of disempowerment versus empowerment, with the notion of person-centred care as an important feature. CONCLUSION This review has found variations in the care experiences of people with advanced liver disease towards the end of life and an overall lack of access to specialist palliative care services. Where services are designed to be person-centred, experiences are more empowering. Further research is needed but with recognition that it is often unclear when care for people with liver disease is palliative or end-of-life. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION An online public involvement workshop was held on 18 April 2023 through Voice (2023). This included four people with liver disease and four carers to discuss the review findings and to design a qualitative research study to further explore the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy J. Beresford
- Department of Nursing ScienceFaculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth UniversityBournemouthUK
| | - Leslie Gelling
- Department of Nursing ScienceFaculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth UniversityBournemouthUK
| | - Sue Baron
- Department of Nursing ScienceFaculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth UniversityBournemouthUK
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105
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Harper M, Rytwinski T, Cooke SJ. Patterns and Pitfalls of Short-cuts Used in Environmental Management Rapid Reviews. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 73:457-469. [PMID: 37922103 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental managers and policy-makers need reliable evidence to make effective decisions. Systematic reviews are one way to provide this information but are time-consuming and may not meet the needs of decision-makers when faced with rapidly changing management requirements or transient policy-windows. Rapid reviews are one type of knowledge synthesis that follow simplified or truncated methods compared to systematic reviews. Rapid reviews on environmentally-relevant topics are growing in prevalence, but it is unclear if rapid reviews use similar short-cuts or follow available guidelines. In this methodological review, we assess 26 rapid reviews published between 2002 and 2023. Numerous rapid review short-cuts and approaches were identified, with few consistencies among studies. Short-cuts were present in all stages of the review process, with some of the most common short-cuts including not developing an a priori review protocol, not including stakeholder involvement, or not conducting critical appraisal of study validity. Poor quality in reporting of methods was observed. Fewer than half of assessed rapid reviews reported using available guidelines when developing their methods. Future rapid reviews should aim for improved reporting and adherence to published guidelines to help increase the useability and evidence-user confidence. This will also enable readers to understand where short-cuts were made and their potential consequences for the conclusions of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Harper
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Trina Rytwinski
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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106
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Hollenberger JC, Madden EE. The practice of pregnancy options counseling in social service and healthcare settings in the United States: a systematic literature review. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2024; 63:285-310. [PMID: 38288975 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2024.2304016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this systematic literature was to summarize the literature on pregnancy options counseling for women and patients who experience an unintended pregnancy across healthcare and social service settings. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review using the PRISMA Checklist. Following the literature search of 8 electronic databases, we used a three-stage search process to screen articles for inclusion. RESULTS A total of 20 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria for this study. Half (n = 10) of the articles reviewed were empirical studies utilizing quantitative or qualitative methodology while the other half (n = 10) were conceptual or non-empirical. The articles affirmed a shared definition of pregnancy options counseling, but terminology differences were noted over time. Lastly, variations of intervention practices appeared across practice settings, with referral practice variations being the most notable. CONCLUSION Pregnancy options counseling practices varied across settings, suggesting patients who received this intervention may not have accessed equitable or ethical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elissa E Madden
- Diana R. Garland School of Social Work, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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107
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Diab P, Andrews K. Supports for university counselors impacted by student suicide: A systematic review and thematic synthesis. DEATH STUDIES 2024; 48:609-620. [PMID: 38258427 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2304780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and thematic synthesis was to identify and consolidate research on the support needs of impacted Higher Education (HE) counselors that have experienced a student suicide death. When exposed to a student suicide death, counselors are often extensively involved in a postvention response. This systematic review synthesized four qualitative papers that explored the experiences of staff impacted by student suicide. Thematic synthesis revealed three core themes: The unknown, responding, and the known, and six subthemes: Gaps in knowledge of individual experience, gaps in knowledge of organizational impact, extrospective responding, introspective responding, the needs of impacted counselors, the degree of impact, and the support processes that arise from needs. The results provide a summary of the current supports available to impacted HE counselors and considerations relevant to their postvention needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Diab
- School of Law and Society, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katrina Andrews
- School of Law and Society, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
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108
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Taylor MA, Croudace TJ, McBride M, Muir FE. Women's experiences of the diagnostic journey in uterine adenomyosis: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075316. [PMID: 38238180 PMCID: PMC10806690 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uterine adenomyosis is a benign gynaecological disease that causes physical and psychological problems, impacting on relationships. It is poorly understood and consequently may be diagnosed late. This protocol describes the process of conducting a systematic scoping review to retrieve and describe literature examining the daily experience and impact of living with uterine adenomyosis. It will explore the journey to diagnosis (and perceptions of what this process is like); identify the main concepts currently used in the literature and highlight gaps in knowledge for future research in relevant populations. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, the population-concept-context approach is used to form clear review questions. A three-phase search strategy will locate published and unpublished evidence from multiple sources. All articles reporting on the personal experiences of women diagnosed with uterine adenomyosis will be considered. Findings from qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method study designs from all settings will be included, not limited by geography but restricted to English. Documents will be screened by the primary researcher, supported by university supervisors. Search outputs will be presented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 flow diagram. No formal quality appraisal will be conducted. Review findings will be descriptively collated and reported consistent with the Scoping Review Extension of the PRISMA checklist. Patient and public involvement engagement reflected a positive response for the project that this protocol supports. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As primary data will not be collected, formal ethical approval is not required. Prepared as part of a professional doctorate thesis, the findings of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, support groups and social media networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim J Croudace
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Margot McBride
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Fiona E Muir
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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109
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Kuroshima S, Sasaki M, Al-Omari FA, Uto Y, Ohta Y, Uchida Y, Sawase T. Implant-assisted removable partial dentures: Part II. a systematic review of the effects of implant position on the biomechanical behavior. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:40-49. [PMID: 37211409 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of implant placement sites on the biomechanical behavior of implant-assisted removable partial dentures (IARPDs) using finite element analysis (FEA). STUDY SELECTION Two reviewers independently conducted manual searches of the PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest databases for articles investigating implant location in IARPDs using FEA, according to the 2020 Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. Studies published in English up to August 1, 2022, were included in the analysis based on the critical question. RESULTS Seven articles meeting the inclusion criteria were systematically reviewed. Six studies investigated mandibular Kennedy Class I and one study investigated mandibular Kennedy Class II. Implant placement reduced the displacement and stress distribution of the IARPD components, including dental implants and abutment teeth, regardless of the Kennedy Class type and dental implant placement site. Most of the included studies showed that, based on the biomechanical behavior, the molar region, rather than the premolar region, is the preferred implant placement site. None of the selected studies investigated the maxillary Kennedy Class I and II. CONCLUSIONS Based on the FEA regarding mandibular IARPDs, we concluded that implant placement in both the premolar and molar regions improves the biomechanical behaviors of IARPD components, regardless of the Kennedy Class. Implant placement in the molar region results in more suitable biomechanical behaviors compared with implant placement in the premolar region in Kennedy Class I. No conclusion was reached for Kennedy Class II due to the lack of relevant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Kuroshima
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Muneteru Sasaki
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Farah A Al-Omari
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Uto
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ohta
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Uchida
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Sawase
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Espinosa O, Mora L, Sanabria C, Ramos A, Rincón D, Bejarano V, Rodríguez J, Barrera N, Álvarez-Moreno C, Cortés J, Saavedra C, Robayo A, Franco OH. Predictive models for health outcomes due to SARS-CoV-2, including the effect of vaccination: a systematic review. Syst Rev 2024; 13:30. [PMID: 38229123 PMCID: PMC10790449 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction between modelers and policymakers is becoming more common due to the increase in computing speed seen in recent decades. The recent pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus was no exception. Thus, this study aims to identify and assess epidemiological mathematical models of SARS-CoV-2 applied to real-world data, including immunization for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). METHODOLOGY PubMed, JSTOR, medRxiv, LILACS, EconLit, and other databases were searched for studies employing epidemiological mathematical models of SARS-CoV-2 applied to real-world data. We summarized the information qualitatively, and each article included was assessed for bias risk using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and PROBAST checklist tool. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42022344542. FINDINGS In total, 5646 articles were retrieved, of which 411 were included. Most of the information was published in 2021. The countries with the highest number of studies were the United States, Canada, China, and the United Kingdom; no studies were found in low-income countries. The SEIR model (susceptible, exposed, infectious, and recovered) was the most frequently used approach, followed by agent-based modeling. Moreover, the most commonly used software were R, Matlab, and Python, with the most recurring health outcomes being death and recovery. According to the JBI assessment, 61.4% of articles were considered to have a low risk of bias. INTERPRETATION The utilization of mathematical models increased following the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Stakeholders have begun to incorporate these analytical tools more extensively into public policy, enabling the construction of various scenarios for public health. This contribution adds value to informed decision-making. Therefore, understanding their advancements, strengths, and limitations is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Espinosa
- Directorate of Analytical, Economic and Actuarial Studies in Health, Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud (IETS) & Economic Models and Quantitative Methods Research Group, Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Laura Mora
- Directorate of Analytical, Economic and Actuarial Studies in Health, Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud (IETS), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cristian Sanabria
- Directorate of Analytical, Economic and Actuarial Studies in Health, Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud (IETS), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Antonio Ramos
- Directorate of Analytical, Economic and Actuarial Studies in Health, Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud (IETS) & Economic Models and Quantitative Methods Research Group, Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Duván Rincón
- Directorate of Analytical, Economic and Actuarial Studies in Health, Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud (IETS), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Valeria Bejarano
- Directorate of Analytical, Economic and Actuarial Studies in Health, Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud (IETS) & Economic Models and Quantitative Methods Research Group, Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Jhonathan Rodríguez
- Directorate of Analytical, Economic and Actuarial Studies in Health, Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud (IETS) & Economic Models and Quantitative Methods Research Group, Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Nicolás Barrera
- Directorate of Analytical, Economic and Actuarial Studies in Health, Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud (IETS), Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Jorge Cortés
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Carlos Saavedra
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Adriana Robayo
- Directorate of Analytical, Economic and Actuarial Studies in Health, Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud (IETS), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar H Franco
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University & Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
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Baharom M, Ahmad N, Hod R, Ja’afar MH, Arsad FS, Tangang F, Ismail R, Mohamed N, Mohd Radi MF, Osman Y. Environmental and Occupational Factors Associated with Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23473. [PMID: 38173528 PMCID: PMC10761560 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Leptospirosis is a neglected emerging zoonotic disease with a profound public health impact worldwide with higher burden of disease in resource-poor countries. The environmental and occupational exposures contribute to human and animal transmission, but the interaction was less explored. A deeper understanding of the critical environmental and occupational drivers in different contexts will provide useful information for disease control and prevention measures. Objective This review aimed to summarize the potential environmental and occupational risk factors associated with leptospirosis infection. Methods Four databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE, EBSCOhost) were searched for articles published from 2012 to 2021. Eligible articles were assessed using a checklist for assessing the quality of the studies. The quality of the articles was assessed based on the laboratory diagnosis approach and statistical analysis method. Results A total of 32 studies were included in this systematic review. Water-related risk factors such as natural water as the primary water source (AOR 1.8-18.28), water-related recreational activities (AOR 2.36-10.45), flood exposure (AOR 1.54-6.04), contact with mud (AOR 1.57-4.58) and stagnant water (AOR 2.79-6.42) were associated with increased risk of leptospirosis. Infrastructural deficiencies such as un-plastered house walls and thatched houses presented a higher risk (AOR 2.71-5.17). Living in low-lying areas (AOR 1.58-3.74), on clay loam soil (OR 2.72), agricultural land (OR 2.09), and near rubber tree plantations (AOR 11.65) is associated with higher risk of leptospirosis. Contact with rats (AOR 1.4-3.5), livestock (AOR 1.3-10.4), and pigs (AOR 1.54-7.9) is associated with an increased risk of leptospirosis. Outdoor workers (AOR 1.95-3.95) and slaughterhouse workers (AOR 5.1-7.5) have higher risk of leptospirosis. Conclusion The environmental and occupational components related to water, infrastructure, landscape, agriculture, and exposed animals play an essential role in leptospirosis transmission. The magnitude of those risk factors differs with geographical region, climate factor, urbanization and population growth, and the country's socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazni Baharom
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Norfazilah Ahmad
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hasni Ja’afar
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Fadly Syah Arsad
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Fredolin Tangang
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rohaida Ismail
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Norlen Mohamed
- Environmental Health Unit, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | - Yelmizaitun Osman
- Kelantan State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Malaysia
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112
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Saleh A, Zulkifley MA, Harun HH, Gaudreault F, Davison I, Spraggon M. Forest fire surveillance systems: A review of deep learning methods. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23127. [PMID: 38163175 PMCID: PMC10754902 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to critically examine the existing state-of-the-art forest fire detection systems that are based on deep learning methods. In general, forest fire incidences bring significant negative impact to the economy, environment, and society. One of the crucial mitigation actions that needs to be readied is an effective forest fire detection system that are able to automatically notify the relevant parties on the incidence of forest fire as early as possible. This review paper has examined in details 37 research articles that have implemented deep learning (DL) model for forest fire detection, which were published between January 2018 and 2023. In this paper, in depth analysis has been performed to identify the quantity and type of data that includes images and video datasets, as well as data augmentation methods and the deep model architecture. This paper is structured into five subsections, each of which focuses on a specific application of deep learning (DL) in the context of forest fire detection. These subsections include 1) classification, 2) detection, 3) detection and classification, 4) segmentation, and 5) segmentation and classification. To compare the model's performance, the methods were evaluated using comprehensive metrics like accuracy, mean average precision (mAP), F1-Score, mean pixel accuracy (MPA), etc. From the findings, of the usage of DL models for forest fire surveillance systems have yielded favourable outcomes, whereby the majority of studies managed to achieve accuracy rates that exceeds 90%. To further enhance the efficacy of these models, future research can explore the optimal fine-tuning of the hyper-parameters, integrate various satellite data, implement generative data augmentation techniques, and refine the DL model architecture. In conclusion, this paper highlights the potential of deep learning methods in enhancing forest fire detection that is crucial for forest fire management and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azlan Saleh
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Asyraf Zulkifley
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hazimah Haspi Harun
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Francis Gaudreault
- Rabdan Academy, 65, Al Inshirah, Al Sa'adah, Abu Dhabi, 22401, PO Box: 114646, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ian Davison
- Rabdan Academy, 65, Al Inshirah, Al Sa'adah, Abu Dhabi, 22401, PO Box: 114646, United Arab Emirates
| | - Martin Spraggon
- Rabdan Academy, 65, Al Inshirah, Al Sa'adah, Abu Dhabi, 22401, PO Box: 114646, United Arab Emirates
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113
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Chen C. Mapping the terrain: a scoping review of empirical studies on the big five personality traits and QoL in China. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1335657. [PMID: 38282848 PMCID: PMC10811152 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1335657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between personality traits and Quality of Life (QoL) has garnered increasing scholarly attention, particularly within the context of China. This scoping review synthesizes existing literature on the connection between the Big Five personality traits (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism) and QoL among the Chinese population. The review explores correlations, measurement instruments, and theoretical frameworks employed in these studies. The study's significance lies in the profound implications for healthcare policies, organizational behavior, and social welfare programs in China, where rapid social and economic changes impact well-being. Investigating personality traits' impact on QoL can inform tailored interventions benefiting diverse Chinese subpopulations. This review addresses three primary research questions: (1) How do the Big Five personality traits correlate with QoL in different Chinese subpopulations, and what are the mediating or moderating factors? (2) What instruments assess these traits and QoL in the Chinese cultural context, and how are they validated? (3) What theoretical or disciplinary frameworks guide this research in China? Following a systematic PRISMA-ScR framework and a customized "C-BFQLC" protocol, the study identified 170 relevant documents. After rigorous screening, ten studies met the inclusion criteria, constituting 5.03% of the initial records. This scoping review critically examines the interplay between the Big Five personality traits and QoL in China, a context marked by rapid socioeconomic changes and cultural diversity. Employing a systematic approach guided by the PRISMA-ScR framework and our unique 'C-BFQLC' protocol, we meticulously analyzed 170 documents, selecting nine that met our rigorous inclusion criteria. Despite the emerging nature of this research area in the Chinese context, our study reveals significant insights into how individual personality traits influence various dimensions of well-being. The implications of these findings are profound, extending beyond academic discourse to inform healthcare policies, organizational behavior, and social welfare programs in China. Our review not only offers a comprehensive synthesis of the current research landscape but also identifies critical gaps in the literature. It emphasizes the urgent need for further culturally nuanced research to understand the complex dynamics of personality traits and QoL in China. This work lays a foundational framework for future investigations and the development of tailored interventions aimed at enhancing the well-being of diverse Chinese populations, including the elderly, people with disabilities, and specific occupational groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiren Chen
- School of Marxism, Dongguan Polytechnic, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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114
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Clift S, Grebosz-Haring K, Thun-Hohenstein L, Schuchter-Wiegand AK, Bathke A, Kaasgaard M. The need for robust critique of arts and health research: the treatment of the Gene Cohen et al. (2006) paper on singing, wellbeing and health in subsequent evidence reviews. Arts Health 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38180011 DOI: 10.1080/17533015.2023.2290075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper considers weaknesses in a study by Cohen et al. (2006) on the impacts of community singing on health. These include high demand characteristics, lack of attention to attrition, flawed statistical analysis, and measurement. Nevertheless, the study is uncritically cited, in evidence reviews, with findings taken at face value. METHODS Google Scholar, SCOPUS and BASE citation functions for Cohen et al. identified 32 evidence reviews in peer-reviewed journals. Eleven of these reviews, published between 2010 and 2023, focused on creative arts interventions. RESULTS We demonstrate limitations in the Cohen et al. research which undermine the conclusions they reach regarding the health benefits of group singing. Subsequent evidence reviews take the findings at face value and offer little critical commentary. DISCUSSION We consider what is needed to improve evidence reviews in the field of creative arts and health research. CONCLUSIONS A more robust approach is needed in reviewing research evidence in the field of arts and health. The Cohen et al. paper is not suitable for inclusion in future evidence reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Clift
- Sidney De Haan Research Centre for Arts and Health, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
| | - Katarzyna Grebosz-Haring
- Grebosz-Haring Department of Art History, Musicology and Dance Studies, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg/University Mozarteum, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Leonhard Thun-Hohenstein
- Grebosz-Haring Department of Art History, Musicology and Dance Studies, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Arne Bathke
- Grebosz-Haring Department of Art History, Musicology and Dance Studies, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mette Kaasgaard
- Institute of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Turon H, Bezzina A, Lamont H, Barnes C, Lum M, Hodder RK, Leung GKW, Peeters A, Wolfenden L, Yoong S. Interventions in the workplace to reduce risk factors for noncommunicable diseases: an umbrella review of systematic reviews of effectiveness. J Occup Health 2024; 66:uiae044. [PMID: 39096275 DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplaces are an important setting to deliver programs to reduce risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). To help decision makers understand the most current and relevant evidence regarding effectiveness of workplace programs, we conducted an umbrella review to present a comprehensive synthesis of the large volume of literature. METHODS Systematic reviews of workplace interventions targeting primary risk factors for NCDs-unhealthy diet, insufficient physical activity, overweight/obesity, tobacco use, and/or excessive alcohol use-published since 2010 were sourced. For each risk factor, reviews were categorized by intervention type and quality. The most recent, high-quality review was included for each intervention type. Evidence for the effectiveness of each intervention type was then broadly classified based on the review summary findings. RESULTS Twenty-one reviews were included. Most reviews focused on diet (n = 5), physical activity (n = 7), or obesity (n = 9) interventions, with fewer targeting alcohol (n = 2) or tobacco (n = 2) use. Reviews of interventions focusing on individual behavior (such as education or counseling) were most common. Across diet, obesity, physical activity, and tobacco use, multicomponent interventions were consistently likely to be classified as "likely effective." Motivational interviewing and broad health promotion interventions were identified as "promising" for alcohol use. CONCLUSION This umbrella review identified that multicomponent workplace interventions were effective to reduce NCD risk factors. There is a gap around interventions targeting alcohol use as most syntheses lacked enough studies to draw conclusions about effectiveness. Exploring the impact of interventions that utilize policy and/or environmental strategies is a critical gap for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Turon
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron Bezzina
- Centre for Resources Health and Safety, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Hannah Lamont
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| | - Courtney Barnes
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie Lum
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca K Hodder
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| | - Gloria K W Leung
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Peeters
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| | - Serene Yoong
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Mohammadian F, Bastaninejad S, Irani S. Publication bias in otorhinolaryngology meta-analyses in 2021. Syst Rev 2024; 13:11. [PMID: 38169404 PMCID: PMC10762811 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One concern in meta-analyses is the presence of publication bias (PB) which leads to the dissemination of inflated results. In this study, we assessed how much the meta-analyses in the field of otorhinolaryngology in 2021 evaluated the presence of PB. METHODS Six of the most influential journals in the field were selected. A search was conducted, and data were extracted from the included studies. In cases where PB was not assessed by the authors, we evaluated the risk of its presence by designing funnel plots and performing statistical tests. RESULTS Seventy-five systematic reviews were included. Fifty-one percent of them used at least one method for assessing the risk of PB, with the visual inspection of a funnel plot being the most frequent method used. Twenty-nine percent of the studies reported a high risk of PB presence. We replicated the results of 11 meta-analyses that did not assess the risk of PB and found that 63.6% were at high risk. We also found that a considerable proportion of the systematic reviews that found a high risk of PB did not take it into consideration when making conclusions and discussing their results. DISCUSSION Our results indicate that systematic reviews published in some of the most influential journals in the field do not implement enough measures in their search strategies to reduce the risk of PB, nor do they assess the risk of its presence or take the risk of its presence into consideration when inferring their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadian
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Bastaninejad
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Irani
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
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Pincha Baduge MSDS, Garth B, Boyd L, Ward K, Joseph K, Proimos J, Teede HJ. Barriers to advancing women nurses in healthcare leadership: a systematic review and meta-synthesis. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 67:102354. [PMID: 38314055 PMCID: PMC10837541 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Women comprise the majority of the nursing profession, yet nurses are underrepresented in healthcare leadership. We aimed to explore barriers for women nurses to advance in healthcare leadership to inform organisational interventions for career advancement. Methods In this systematic review and meta-synthesis, studies examining advancing women nurses and midwives in leadership within healthcare and academia in the international literature were included. Six databases (MEDLINE, EMCARE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL PLUS) were searched for studies published in English between January 1 2000 and October 17 2023. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tools (GRADE) was followed to assess confidence in the findings. Retrieved full texts were assessed for methodological rigour using the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme Qualitative Studies checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute Cross-sectional and Prevalence Studies checklists. Reported barriers for women nurses' leadership attainment were identified and generated themes were mapped to the Abilities, Motivation, and Opportunities (AMO) framework. Findings There were 32 eligible studies; 18 qualitative, 11 quantitative, and 3 mixed-methods. Studies included high-income countries (n = 20), middle-income countries (n = 7) and across countries (n = 3) with two unspecified. Samples included registered nurses, nurse academics, executives, and leaders. The key barriers highlighted were related to: role modelling and leadership development (ability); multiple complex and interacting factors, including gender stereotyping, perception of professionalism, human relations policies, and gender bias (motivation); and systemic issues, such as organisational setting, structure, and support (opportunity). Interpretation The prevailing belief in the literature is that caregiving is a feminine occupation and along with societal expectations of women's subordinate position, these present substantial obstacles that limit women nurses from advancing into healthcare leadership. Ultimately, these factors restrict women nurses in career advancement and need to be addressed at a systems and organisational level. Funding The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belinda Garth
- Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Kylie Ward
- Australian College of Nursing, Australia
| | - Kathryn Joseph
- Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jenny Proimos
- Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helena J Teede
- Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Endocrine and Diabetes Units, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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118
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Toledo LDSG, Palmieri P, Ribeiro GDR, Silva AD, Bastos FI. Barriers and facilitators for HIV rapid testing among transgender women and gay and other men who have sex with men in Brazil: A scoping review. Glob Public Health 2024; 19:2360982. [PMID: 38937916 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2024.2360982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Transgender women (TGW) and men who have sex with other men (MSM) often encounter disparities in accessing HIV testing, leading to delayed diagnoses and worse prognoses. We analysed barriers and facilitators for accessing HIV rapid testing by TGW and MSM in Brazil, 2004-2023. Citations were included whether the study population consisted of individuals aged ≥18y old, and studies addressed HIV testing and have been conducted in Brazil. The study protocol was based on Joanna Briggs' recommendations for scoping reviews. We included 11 studies on TGW and 17 on MSM. The belief that one is not at risk of contracting HIV infection, fear expressed in different ways (e.g. lack of confidentiality) and younger age were the main barriers. Feeling at risk for HIV infection, curiosity, and favourable characteristics of the setting where the testing takes place were cited as the main facilitators. Barriers and facilitators specifically for HIV self-testing included, respectively, concerns about conducting the test alone vs. autonomy/flexibility. Brazil is unlikely to achieve the UN' 95-95-95 goal without minimising testing disparities. Combating prejudice against TGW and MSM in testing settings, along with educational campaigns and transparent protocols to ensure confidentiality, can help increase HIV testing among these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paloma Palmieri
- Institute of Scientific and Technological Communication and Information in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gizele da Rocha Ribeiro
- Institute of Scientific and Technological Communication and Information in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriano da Silva
- National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco Inácio Bastos
- Institute of Scientific and Technological Communication and Information in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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119
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Kolaski K, Logan LR, Ioannidis JPA. Guidance to best tools and practices for systematic reviews. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:180-210. [PMID: 37282770 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Data continue to accumulate indicating that many systematic reviews are methodologically flawed, biased, redundant, or uninformative. Some improvements have occurred in recent years based on empirical methods research and standardization of appraisal tools; however, many authors do not routinely or consistently apply these updated methods. In addition, guideline developers, peer reviewers, and journal editors often disregard current methodological standards. Although extensively acknowledged and explored in the methodological literature, most clinicians seem unaware of these issues and may automatically accept evidence syntheses (and clinical practice guidelines based on their conclusions) as trustworthy. A plethora of methods and tools are recommended for the development and evaluation of evidence syntheses. It is important to understand what these are intended to do (and cannot do) and how they can be utilized. Our objective is to distill this sprawling information into a format that is understandable and readily accessible to authors, peer reviewers, and editors. In doing so, we aim to promote appreciation and understanding of the demanding science of evidence synthesis among stakeholders. We focus on well-documented deficiencies in key components of evidence syntheses to elucidate the rationale for current standards. The constructs underlying the tools developed to assess reporting, risk of bias, and methodological quality of evidence syntheses are distinguished from those involved in determining overall certainty of a body of evidence. Another important distinction is made between those tools used by authors to develop their syntheses as opposed to those used to ultimately judge their work. Exemplar methods and research practices are described, complemented by novel pragmatic strategies to improve evidence syntheses. The latter include preferred terminology and a scheme to characterize types of research evidence. We organize best practice resources in a Concise Guide that can be widely adopted and adapted for routine implementation by authors and journals. Appropriate, informed use of these is encouraged, but we caution against their superficial application and emphasize their endorsement does not substitute for in-depth methodological training. By highlighting best practices with their rationale, we hope this guidance will inspire further evolution of methods and tools that can advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kat Kolaski
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pediatrics, and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lynne Romeiser Logan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Departments of Medicine, of Epidemiology and Population Health, of Biomedical Data Science, and of Statistics, and Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Adjei ANA, Donkor A, Wiafe YA, Anyitey-Kokor IC, Hyde E. Elements of person-centred diagnostic imaging care in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:394-407. [PMID: 38176130 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diagnostic imaging professionals are trained to deliver safe and high-quality person-centred radiographic diagnostic imaging care. The term person-centred care has been described as a confused concept without a unified definition. This systematic review identified the elements that have been used to measure person-centred care in diagnostic imaging in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS A systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement. Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane library were searched. Bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme and Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. A narrative synthesis guided by the Picker Principles of person-centred care was undertaken. RESULTS Of the 4482 articles identified, 26 articles were included. The studies were from 12 LMICs. Synthesis of the literature generated six themes, namely access to high quality and safe diagnostic imaging care, effective communication and shared diagnostic imaging decision making, suitable diagnostic imaging environment for physical comfort, respectful and compassionate diagnostic radiographers, effective coordination of diagnostic imaging care process, and family and friends' involvement in diagnostic imaging care. CONCLUSION Medical imaging facilities in most LMICs continue to struggle with issues of access, safety, quality, and responsiveness to the needs of patients. The need for innovative person-centred diagnostic imaging care interventions in LMICs has become urgent. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE If diagnostic imaging services in LMICs are to move beyond the current models of limited person-centred access to care, a greater focus on systems thinking is required. It is imperative to involve all stakeholders, not only patients and radiographers, but also policymakers whose works impact on equitable access to diagnostic imaging services.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N A Adjei
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - A Donkor
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; IMPACCT, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
| | - Y A Wiafe
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - I C Anyitey-Kokor
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - E Hyde
- Provost for Learning & Teaching, University of Derby, United Kingdom.
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Sulaiman SK, Musa MS, Tsiga-Ahmed FI, Sulaiman AK, Bako AT. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake in people living with HIV. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:100-114. [PMID: 37904021 PMCID: PMC10810755 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at higher risk of poor outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we report the pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance/uptake and determinants among this vulnerable population of PLHIV based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published by 25 August 2023. Among the 54 included studies (N = 167,485 participants), 53 (N = 166,455) provided data on vaccine acceptance rate, while 27 (N = 150,926) provided uptake data. The global prevalences of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake were 67.0% and 56.6%, respectively. Acceptance and uptake rates were 86.6% and 90.1% for the European Region, 74.9% and 71.6% for the Region of the Americas, 62.3% and 78.9% for the South-East Asian Region, 64.6% and 19.3% for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 58.0% and 35.5% for the African Region, and 57.4% and 44.0% for the Western Pacific Region. The acceptance rate increased from 65.9% in 2020 to 71.0% in 2022, and the uptake rate increased from 55.9% in 2021 to 58.1% in 2022. Men, PLHIV aged ≥40 years and those who had recently received the influenza vaccine were more likely to accept and receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Factors associated with lower uptake included Black race, other races (Latinx/Hispanic/mixed race), low education level and being unemployed. Vaccine-related factors associated with higher acceptance included belief in vaccine effectiveness, vaccine trust, perceived high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and fear of potential COVID-19 effect in PLHIV. Sustained efforts and targeted interventions are needed to reduce regional disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake among PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Sale Musa
- Department of Medicine, Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, Damaturu, Nigeria
| | | | - Abdulwahab Kabir Sulaiman
- Department of Medicine, Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
- Kwanar Dawaki COVID-19 Isolation Center, Kano, Nigeria
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Audulv Å, Westergren T, Ludvigsen MS, Pedersen MK, Fegran L, Hall EOC, Aagaard H, Robstad N, Kneck Å. Time and change: a typology for presenting research findings in qualitative longitudinal research. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:284. [PMID: 38057741 PMCID: PMC10698947 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-02105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qualitative longitudinal research (QLR) is an emerging methodology used in health research. The method literature states that the change in a phenomenon through time should be the focus of any QLR study, but in empirical studies, the analysis of changes through time is often poorly described, and the emphasis on time/change in the findings varies greatly. This inconsistency might depend on limitations in the existing method literature in terms of describing how QLR studies can present findings. The aim of this study was to develop and describe a typology of alternative approaches for integrating time and/or change in QLR findings. METHODS In this method study, we used an adapted scoping review design. Articles were identified using EBSCOhost. In total, methods and results sections from 299 QLR articles in the field of health research were analyzed with inspiration from content analysis. RESULTS We constructed a typology of three types and seven subtypes. The types were based on the underlying structural principles of how time/change was presented: Type A) Findings have a low utilization of longitudinal data, Type B) Findings are structured according to chronological time, and Type C) Findings focus on changes through time. These types differed in 1) the way the main focus was on time, change or neither; 2) the level of interpretation in the findings; and 3) how theoretical understandings of time/change were articulated in the articles. Each type encompassed two or three subtypes that represented distinct approaches to the aim and results presentation of QLR findings. CONCLUSIONS This method study is the first to describe a coherent and comprehensive typology of alternative approaches for integrating time/change into QLR findings in health research. By providing examples of various subtypes that can be used for results presentations, it can help researchers make informed decisions suitable to their research intent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Audulv
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Westergren
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Public Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mette Spliid Ludvigsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Mona Kyndi Pedersen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Liv Fegran
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Elisabeth O C Hall
- Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, University of Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Hanne Aagaard
- Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nastasja Robstad
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Åsa Kneck
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Marie Cederschöld University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jiao J, Chen L, Peng Y, Jia Q, He Y, Zhang Y, Li N. Development of a core outcome set for cardiovascular diabetology: a methodological framework. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1271891. [PMID: 38125792 PMCID: PMC10731247 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1271891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diabetology is an emergent field focusing on all aspects of diabetes/cardiovascular interrelationship and metabolic syndrome. High-quality evidence needs to be provided to determine the efficacy and safety of interventions in cardiovascular diabetology. The heterogeneity of outcomes among trials limits the comparison of results, and some outcomes are not always meaningful to end-users. The cardiovascular diabetology core outcome set (COS) study aims to develop a COS of interventions for cardiovascular diabetology. In this paper, we introduce the methodological framework for developing the COS. Methods The COS development will include the following steps: (a) establish the COS groups of stakeholders, including international steering committee, Delphi survey group, and consensus meeting group; (b) systematic reviews of outcomes used in trials of cardiovascular diabetology; (c) semistructured interview of stakeholders for outcomes of cardiovascular diabetology; (d) generate a list of candidate outcomes and determine the original outcome pool; (e) Delphi survey with stakeholders of cardiovascular diabetology to select potential core outcomes; and (f) review and endorse the cardiovascular diabetology COS by expert consensus meeting. Conclusions This current study reports the methodological framework to develop a COS in cardiovascular diabetology and will provide evidence for the future development of COS in cardiovascular diabetology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingmin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyi Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Periodical Press and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nian Li
- Department of Medical Administration, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Manfredini M, Poli PP, Beretta M, Pellegrini M, Salina FE, Maiorana C. Polydeoxyribonucleotides Pre-Clinical Findings in Bone Healing: A Scoping Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:280. [PMID: 38132418 PMCID: PMC10743101 DOI: 10.3390/dj11120280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is a chain-like polymer derived from DNA. Recent in vitro and animal studies have showcased the beneficial impacts of PDRN on the process of bone mending, whether used on its own or in conjunction with other substances that aid in regeneration. This scoping review aims to synthesize the current understanding of how PDRNs influence bone healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The studies included in the screening procedure were randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), both retrospective and prospective case-control studies, as well as in vitro and in vivo investigations. Articles were sourced from PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar electronic databases using the following MeSH terms: (polydeoxyribonucleotide) and (bone) and (regeneration). RESULTS Initially, 228 articles were identified. Following the review process, a total of eight studies were ultimately examined. Among these, two were confined to laboratory studies, five were conducted on living organisms, and one encompassed both evaluations on living organisms and in vitro assessments. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed to present the data extracted from the studies that were included. CONCLUSIONS PDRN has the potential to enhance the process of bone healing and the quantity of newly generated bone when combined with grafting materials. Future clinical studies are warranted to ascertain the appropriate clinical application of PDRN based on the dosage under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Manfredini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (F.E.S.); (C.M.)
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Poli
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (F.E.S.); (C.M.)
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Beretta
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (F.E.S.); (C.M.)
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (F.E.S.); (C.M.)
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Eugenia Salina
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (F.E.S.); (C.M.)
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Maiorana
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (F.E.S.); (C.M.)
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Idris IB, Hamis AA, Bukhori ABM, Hoong DCC, Yusop H, Shaharuddin MAA, Fauzi NAFA, Kandayah T. Women's autonomy in healthcare decision making: a systematic review. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:643. [PMID: 38042837 PMCID: PMC10693143 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although there are calls for women's empowerment and gender equity globally, there are still large disparities regarding women's autonomy in healthcare decision making. The autonomy of women is believed to be crucial in improving their health-related outcomes. This review discusses factors that influence autonomy among women in healthcare decision making. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from 2017-2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA The inclusion criteria include original articles, case studies and reports that has been written in the English Language, while manuscripts with no full article, reviews, newspaper reports, grey literatures, and articles that did not answer the review objectives were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS We carried out data extraction using a standardized data extraction form, that has been organized using Microsoft Excel. A narrative synthesis was carried out to combine the findings of all included articles. RESULTS A total of 70 records were identified and 18 were reviewed, yielding eight articles to be included in the accepted list of studies. All studies were conducted in developing countries and most of the studies were cross sectional. Factors that were associated with women's autonomy in healthcare decision making were age, women's education and occupation, husbands'/partners' education and occupation, residential location or region of residence, household wealth index as well as culture and religion. CONCLUSIONS Identification of these factors may help stakeholders in improving women's autonomy in healthcare decision making. Policymakers play a crucial role in healthcare decision making by enacting laws and policies that protect women's rights, promoting gender-sensitive healthcare services, ensuring access to comprehensive information, promoting health education, and supporting vulnerable populations. These efforts ensure women's autonomy including able to access to unbiased and effective healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idayu Badilla Idris
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Amy Azira Hamis
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ayuzeity Bistari Md Bukhori
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - David Chan Chee Hoong
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Hakimah Yusop
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Al-Amin Shaharuddin
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nazmeen Adline Fawwazah A Fauzi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Thinakaran Kandayah
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
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Ademola A, Thabane L, Adekanye J, Okikiolu A, Babatunde S, Almekhlafi MA, Menon BK, Hill MD, Hildebrand KA, Sajobi TT. The credibility of subgroup analyses reported in stroke trials is low: A systematic review. Int J Stroke 2023; 18:1161-1168. [PMID: 36988330 PMCID: PMC10676048 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231168517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subgroup analyses are widely used to evaluate the heterogeneity of treatment effects in randomized clinical trials. However, there is a limited investigation of the quality of prespecified and reported subgroup analyses in stroke trials. This study evaluated the credibility of subgroup analyses in stroke trials. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We searched Medline/PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Web of Science from inception to 24 March 2021. Three reviewers screened, extracted, and analyzed the data from the publications. Primary publications of stroke trials that reported at least one subgroup effect and had published corresponding study protocols were included. The Instrument for Assessing the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses (ICEMAN) was used to examine the quality of the subgroup effects reported, with each subgroup effect assigned a credibility rating ranging from very low to high. Subgroup effects with two or more "definitely no" responses received a low credibility rating. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool for randomized trials version 2. RESULTS Seventy-four articles met the inclusion criteria and reported a combined total of 647 subgroup effects. The median sample size was 1264 (interquartile range (IQR): 380-3876), and the median number of subgroups prespecified in the protocol was 6 (IQR: 2-10). Sixty-one (82%) studies used the univariate test of interaction. Of the total 647 subgroup effects reported in these studies, 319 (49%) were reported in acute stroke trials, while 423 (65%) had low credibility. CONCLUSION The quality of subgroup analysis reporting in stroke trials remains poor. More effort is needed to train trialists on the best methods for designing and performing subgroup analyses, and how to report the results. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER We prospectively registered the review with International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (registration number: CRD42020223133).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoola Ademola
- Department of Community Health Sciences and O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joel Adekanye
- Department of Community Health Sciences and O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ayooluwanimi Okikiolu
- Department Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Samuel Babatunde
- Office of Institutional Analysis, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammed A Almekhlafi
- Department Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bijoy K Menon
- Department of Community Health Sciences and O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael D Hill
- Department of Community Health Sciences and O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Tolulope T Sajobi
- Department of Community Health Sciences and O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Ekpor E, Akyirem S, Adade Duodu P. Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among persons with type 2 diabetes in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med 2023; 55:696-713. [PMID: 36821504 PMCID: PMC9970251 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2182909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes and obesity are serious public health concerns globally and a growing burden in Africa. Both conditions have serious repercussions on health when they co-occur, yet the extent of their co-occurrence in Africa remains unknown. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among persons with type 2 diabetes in Africa. METHOD A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, African Index Medicus (AIM), and African Journals Online (AJOL) for observational studies that reported the prevalence of overweight and/or obesity among type 2 diabetes patients in Africa. The prevalence data from individual studies were aggregated through a random-effects meta-analysis. The I2 statistic was used to evaluate between-studies heterogeneity, while subgroup analysis and mixed-effects meta-regression were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity. We assessed publication bias using funnel plots and Egger's test. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS Of 1753 records retrieved, 80 articles were eligible for this review, with 74 cross-sectional studies included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity was 35.6% and 25.6% respectively, while the overall prevalence of both overweight and obesity was 61.4%. Also, the pooled prevalence of both overweight and obesity across the five geographical areas in Africa ranged from 56.9% in East Africa to 88.5% in Southern Africa. Nineteen factors were significantly associated with overweight and obesity among patients with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of overweight and obesity among patients with type 2 diabetes is a significant public health concern that transcends geographical boundaries within Africa. The findings from this review highlight the need for innovative weight management interventions that are tailored to the cultural context of the African setting.KEY MESSAGESThere was a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the type 2 diabetes patients.Nineteen factors were identified to be significantly associated with overweight and obesity among type 2 diabetes patients.Only 12 out of the 80 included studies primarily focused on the prevalence of overweight and/or obesity which reflects a dearth of interest in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ekpor
- School of Nursing, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- St. Martins de Porres Hospital, Eikwe, Ghana
| | - Samuel Akyirem
- Yale School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Precious Adade Duodu
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, England, UK
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Retzer A, Ciytak B, Khatsuria F, El-Awaisi J, Harris IM, Chapman L, Kelly T, Richards J, Lam E, Newsome PN, Calvert M. A toolkit for capturing a representative and equitable sample in health research. Nat Med 2023; 29:3259-3267. [PMID: 38066209 PMCID: PMC10719102 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Research participants often do not represent the general population. Systematic exclusion of particular groups from research limits the generalizability of research findings and perpetuates health inequalities. Groups considered underserved by research include those whose inclusion is lower than expected based on population estimates, those with a high healthcare burden but limited research participation opportunities and those whose healthcare engagement is less than others. The REP-EQUITY toolkit guides representative and equitable inclusion in research. The toolkit was developed through a methodological systematic review and synthesis and finalized in a consensus workshop with 24 participants. The REP-EQUITY toolkit describes seven steps for investigators to consider in facilitating representative and equitable sample selection. This includes clearly defining (1) the relevant underserved groups, (2) the aims relating to equity and representativeness, (3) the sample proportion of individuals with characteristics associated with being underserved by research, (4) the recruitment goals, (5) the strategies by which external factors will be managed, (6) the methods by which representation in the final sample will be evaluated and (7) the legacy of having used the toolkit. Using the REP-EQUITY toolkit could promote trust between communities and research institutions, increase diverse participation in research and improve the generalizability of health research. National Institute for Health and Care Research PROSPERO identifier: CRD42022355391.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameeta Retzer
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration West Midlands, Birmingham, UK.
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Bircan Ciytak
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Foram Khatsuria
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Juma El-Awaisi
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Isobel M Harris
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura Chapman
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tony Kelly
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jenny Richards
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emily Lam
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Melanie Calvert
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration West Midlands, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Midlands Health Data Research UK, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit (BTRU) in Precision Transplant and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Endomba FT, Tchebegna PY, Chiabi E, Angong Wouna DL, Guillet C, Chauvet-Gélinier JC. Epidemiology of insomnia disorder in older persons according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Geriatr Med 2023; 14:1261-1272. [PMID: 37725311 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-023-00862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a scarcity of summarizing data on the epidemiology of insomnia in older persons, especially when diagnosed with international criteria. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of insomnia disorder in older persons, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). METHODS Through PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science (WoS), we searched for relevant articles published before June 28, 2023. The risk of bias was weighed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI's) critical appraisal checklist for studies reporting prevalence data. For our analyses, we used a random-effect model, with subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. RESULTS We included 18,270 participants across 16 studies. The male/female ratio was 0.89 (12 studies), and the mean age varied from 65.9 to 83.1 years (8 studies). The pooled prevalence of insomnia was 19.6% (95% CI = [12.3%; 28.3%]), with substantial heterogeneity. This prevalence fluctuated according to the sample size, the minimal age for inclusion, and the study quality, considering that the risk of bias was moderate for most of studies. There was a publication bias, with a very low level of certainty. Insomnia disorder was associated with the female gender, depression, anxiety, and somatic illnesses notably cardiovascular, respiratory, and painful ones. CONCLUSION Nearly one in every five old individuals was considered to have insomnia disorder, which was associated with the gender and the existence of mental health and/or somatic conditions. REGISTRATION We registered the protocol in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with registration number: CRD42022344675.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francky Teddy Endomba
- Research department, Medical Mind Association, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
- Sleep Specialized Transversal Training, Psychiatry Internship Program, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.
| | | | - Edmond Chiabi
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Clément Guillet
- Centre d'Exploration du Sommeil, Centre Hospitaliser Spécialisé La Chartreuse, Dijon, France
| | - Jean Christophe Chauvet-Gélinier
- Service de Psychiatrie Adultes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
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Hurle GR, Brainard J, Tyler KM. Microbiome diversity is a modifiable virulence factor for cryptosporidiosis. Virulence 2023; 14:2273004. [PMID: 37872759 PMCID: PMC10653618 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2273004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium spp. infection causes significant disease in immunosuppressed individuals and children under the age of 5 years. The severity of the pathological presentation of cryptosporidiosis is a function of the host and parasite genotypes, host immune status, and the enteric environment or microbiome of the host. Cryptosporidiosis often presents with abdominal pain and severe diarrhoea and is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation. Our systematic analysis of the available literature revealed that bacterial diversity is reduced during infection in larger animal models, lending support to recent studies which indicate that the use of probiotics or the presence of a naturally diverse gut microbiome can prevent or minimise pathology caused by gastrointestinal pathogens. In summary, we present evidence that the presence of a diverse gut microbiome, natural or induced, reduces both symptomatic pathology and oocyst output.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julii Brainard
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Kevin. M. Tyler
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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131
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Stokes G, Sutcliffe K, Thomas J. Is a one-size-fits-all '12-month rule' appropriate when it comes to the last search date in systematic reviews? BMJ Evid Based Med 2023; 28:359-363. [PMID: 36600443 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2022-112060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Stokes
- Social Research Institute, EPPI Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katy Sutcliffe
- Social Research Institute, EPPI Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - James Thomas
- Social Research Institute, EPPI Centre, University College London, London, UK
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132
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Carrasco-Ribelles LA, Llanes-Jurado J, Gallego-Moll C, Cabrera-Bean M, Monteagudo-Zaragoza M, Violán C, Zabaleta-del-Olmo E. Prediction models using artificial intelligence and longitudinal data from electronic health records: a systematic methodological review. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:2072-2082. [PMID: 37659105 PMCID: PMC10654870 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and appraise the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques that can cope with longitudinal data from electronic health records (EHRs) to predict health-related outcomes. METHODS This review included studies in any language that: EHR was at least one of the data sources, collected longitudinal data, used an AI technique capable of handling longitudinal data, and predicted any health-related outcomes. We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplorer from inception to January 3, 2022. Information on the dataset, prediction task, data preprocessing, feature selection, method, validation, performance, and implementation was extracted and summarized using descriptive statistics. Risk of bias and completeness of reporting were assessed using a short form of PROBAST and TRIPOD, respectively. RESULTS Eighty-one studies were included. Follow-up time and number of registers per patient varied greatly, and most predicted disease development or next event based on diagnoses and drug treatments. Architectures generally were based on Recurrent Neural Networks-like layers, though in recent years combining different layers or transformers has become more popular. About half of the included studies performed hyperparameter tuning and used attention mechanisms. Most performed a single train-test partition and could not correctly assess the variability of the model's performance. Reporting quality was poor, and a third of the studies were at high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS AI models are increasingly using longitudinal data. However, the heterogeneity in reporting methodology and results, and the lack of public EHR datasets and code sharing, complicate the possibility of replication. REGISTRATION PROSPERO database (CRD42022331388).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía A Carrasco-Ribelles
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, 08007, Spain
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, 08034, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Mataró, 08303, Spain
| | - José Llanes-Jurado
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería (i3B), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), València, 46022, Spain
| | - Carlos Gallego-Moll
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, 08007, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Mataró, 08303, Spain
| | - Margarita Cabrera-Bean
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Mònica Monteagudo-Zaragoza
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, 08007, Spain
| | - Concepción Violán
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Mataró, 08303, Spain
- Direcció d’Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de Salut, Badalona, 08915, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en ciències de la salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, 08916, Spain
- Fundació UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Edurne Zabaleta-del-Olmo
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, 08007, Spain
- Gerència Territorial de Barcelona, Institut Català de la Salut, Carrer de Balmes 22, Barcelona, 08007, Spain
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitat de Girona, Girona, 17003, Spain
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Ngeh EN, Lowe A, Garcia C, McLean S. Physiotherapy-Led Health Promotion Strategies for People with or at Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7073. [PMID: 37998304 PMCID: PMC10670957 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are prevalent and lead to high morbidity and mortality globally. Physiotherapists regularly interact with patients with or at risk of CVDs (pwCVDs). This study aimed to assess the nature of existing evidence, interventional approaches used, and the population groups included in physiotherapy-led health promotion (PLHP) for pwCVDs. The scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and PEDro databases were searched from inception until June 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the titles, abstracts, and full text and conducted data extraction. All conflicts were resolved with a third reviewer. A total of 4992 records were identified, of which 20 full-text articles were included in the review. The studies had varied populations, including those with stroke, coronary artery diseases, peripheral artery diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and multiple CVD risk factors. The interventions ranged from exercise and physical activity programmes, dietary interventions, education, and counselling sessions with various supplementary approaches. Most interventions were short-term, with less than 12 months of follow-up. Interventions were personalised and patient-centred to promote adherence and health behaviour change. Among the included studies, 60% employed experimental designs, with the remainder using quasi-experimental designs. Although a wide range of PLHP strategies have been used for pwCVDs, exercise and physical activity were employed in 85% of the included studies. Other components of health promotion, such as sleep, smoking, and alcohol abuse, should be investigated within PLHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Ngeh Ngeh
- Research Organization for Health Education and Rehabilitation-Cameroon (ROHER-CAM), Mankon, Bamenda P.O. Box 818, Cameroon
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Sheffield Hallam University, L108, 36 Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK; (A.L.); (C.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Anna Lowe
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Sheffield Hallam University, L108, 36 Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK; (A.L.); (C.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Carol Garcia
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Sheffield Hallam University, L108, 36 Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK; (A.L.); (C.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Sionnadh McLean
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Sheffield Hallam University, L108, 36 Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK; (A.L.); (C.G.); (S.M.)
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Chaufan C, Manwell L, Gabbay B, Heredia C, Daniels C. Appraising the decision-making process concerning COVID-19 policy in postsecondary education in Canada: A critical scoping review protocol. AIMS Public Health 2023; 10:918-933. [PMID: 38187898 PMCID: PMC10764973 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2023059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Responses to COVID-19 in Canadian postsecondary education have overhauled usual norms and practices, with policies of unclear rationale implemented under the pressure of a reported public health emergency. Objective To critically appraise the decision-making process informing COVID-19 policy in the postsecondary education sector. Methods Our scoping review will draw from macro and micro theories of public policy, specifically the critical tradition exemplified by Carol Bacchi's approach "What is the problem represented to be" and will be guided by Arksey and O'Malley's framework for scoping reviews and the team-based approach of Levan and colleagues. Data will include diverse and publicly available documents to capture multiple stakeholders' perspectives on the phenomenon of interest and will be retrieved from university newsletters and legal websites using combinations of search terms adapted to specific data types. Two reviewers will independently screen, chart, analyze and synthesize the data. Disagreements will be resolved through full team discussion. Discussion Despite the unprecedented nature of the mass medical mandates implemented in the postsecondary sector and their dramatic impact on millions of lives-students, faculty, staff and their families, friends and communities-the decision-making process leading to them has not been documented or appraised. By identifying, summarizing and appraising the evidence, our review should inform practices that can contribute to effective and equitable public health policies in postsecondary institutions moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Chaufan
- School of Health Policy and Management, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | | | - Camila Heredia
- School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Canada
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Cena JA, Vasques Castro JAD, Belmok A, Sales LP, Alves de Oliveira L, Stefani CM, Dame-Teixeira N. Unraveling the Endodontic Archaeome: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. J Endod 2023; 49:1432-1444.e4. [PMID: 37544428 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The controversial issue of whether the Archaea domain plays a role in endodontic infections is the focus of this systematic review with meta-analysis. The aim is to emphasize the significance of minority microbial domains in oral dysbiosis by evaluating the prevalence of archaea in root canals and its association with clinical parameters such as symptomatology and type of endodontic infection. METHODS The search strategy involved researching 6 databases and the gray literature. Publications were accepted in any year or language that identified archaea in samples from endodontic canals. A 2-step selection process narrowed the final choice to 16 articles. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS The results showed that archaea were present in 20% (95% [confidence interval] CI = 8%-32%) of individuals with endodontic samples analyzed. The samples were about twice as likely to be archaeal-positive if collected from individuals with primary vs. persistent/secondary infection (odds ratio = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.31-4.14; I2 = 0%), or individuals with self-reported vs. symptom-free infections (odds ratio = 2.67; 95% CI = 1.47-4.85; I2 = 0%). Methanogenic archaea were reported in 66% of the included studies. Representative members of phyla Thaumarchaeota and Crenarchaeota were also identified. CONCLUSIONS Archaea are present in about one-fifth of the infected root canals. Recognized biases in experimental approaches for researching archaea must be addressed to understand the prevalence and roles of archaea in endodontic infections, and to determine whether the decontamination process should include the elimination or neutralization of archaea from root canals (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews protocol = CRD42021264308).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Alves Cena
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Belmok
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Loise Pedrosa Sales
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Cristine Miron Stefani
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Naile Dame-Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; Oral Biology Division, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Budai KA, Tímár ÁE, Obeidat M, Máté V, Nagy R, Harnos A, Kiss-Dala S, Hegyi P, Garami M, Hankó B, Lódi C. Extended infusion of β-lactams significantly reduces mortality and enhances microbiological eradication in paediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 65:102293. [PMID: 38021371 PMCID: PMC10651452 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Paediatric patients are often exposed to subtherapeutic levels or treatment failure of β-lactams, and prolonged infusion may be beneficial. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of extended infusion (EI; defined as ≥3 h) or continuous infusion vs. short, intermittent infusion (SI; defined as ≤60 min) of β-lactams in patients <21 years of age. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to compare EI and continuous infusion with SI of β-lactams in children. A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, CENTRAL, and Scopus databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies published from database inception up to August 22, 2023. Any comparative study concerned with mortality, clinical efficacy, adverse events, or plasma concentrations of β-lactams for any infection was eligible. Case reports, case series, and patients aged >21 years were excluded. Odds ratios (OR) and median differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using ROB2 and ROBINS-I tools. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022375397. Findings In total, 19,980 articles were screened, out of which 19 studies (4195 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. EI administration was associated with a significantly lower all-cause mortality in both RCTs and non-RCTs [OR 0.74; CI 0.55-0.99; I2 = 0%; CI 0-58%]. Early microbiological eradication was higher with EI [OR 3.18; CI 2.24-4.51; I2 = 0%; CI 0-90%], but the clinical cure did not differ significantly between the two groups [OR 1.20; CI 0.17-8.71; I2 = 79%; CI 32-93%]. Achieving the optimal plasma level (50-100% fT > MIC) appeared favourable in the EI group compared to the SI. No significant differences were observed in the adverse events. The overall ROB was high because of the small sample sizes and clinically heterogeneous populations. Interpretation Our findings suggest that extended infusion of β-lactams was associated with lower mortality and increased microbiological eradication and was considered safe compared to short-term infusion. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Anna Budai
- University Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Administration, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Eszter Tímár
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mahmoud Obeidat
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vanda Máté
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Nagy
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Harnos
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biostatistics at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Kiss-Dala
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Garami
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Hankó
- University Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Administration, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Lódi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Puljak L, Bala MM, Mathes T, Poklepovic Pericic T, Wegewitz U, Faggion CM, Matthias K, Storman D, Zajac J, Rombey T, Bruschettini M, Pieper D. AMSTAR 2 is only partially applicable to systematic reviews of non-intervention studies: a meta-research study. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 163:11-20. [PMID: 37659582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A measurement tool to assess systematic reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) was originally developed for systematic reviews (SRs) of health-care interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of AMSTAR 2 to SRs of non-intervention studies. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING This was a meta-research study. We used 20 SRs for each of the following four types of SRs: Diagnostic Test Accuracy reviews, Etiology and/or Risk reviews, Prevalence and/or Incidence reviews, and Prognostic reviews (80 in total). Three authors applied AMSTAR 2 independently to each included SRs. Then, the authors assessed the applicability of each item to that SR type and any SR type. RESULTS Researchers unanimously indicated that 7 of 16 AMSTAR 2 items were applicable for all four specific SR types and any SR type (items 2, 5, 6, 7, 10, 14 and 16), but 8 of 16 items for any SR type. These items could cover generic SR methods that do not depend on a specific SR type. CONCLUSION AMSTAR 2 is only partially applicable for non-intervention SRs. There is a need to adapt/extend AMSTAR 2 for SRs of non-intervention studies. Our study can help to further define generic methodological aspects shared across SR types and methodological expectations for non-intervention SRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Puljak
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Healthcare, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Malgorzata M Bala
- Department of Hygiene and Dietetics, Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Systematic Reviews Unit, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tim Mathes
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tina Poklepovic Pericic
- Department of Prosthodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Uta Wegewitz
- Division 3 Work and Health, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Clovis M Faggion
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katja Matthias
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Applied Science Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Dawid Storman
- Department of Hygiene and Dietetics, Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Zajac
- Department of Hygiene and Dietetics, Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tanja Rombey
- Department of Health Care Management, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matteo Bruschettini
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Department of Research and Education, Cochrane Sweden, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dawid Pieper
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Institute for Health Services and Health System Research, Rüdersdorf, Germany; Center for Health Services Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf, Germany
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138
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Seewoo BJ, Goodes LM, Mofflin L, Mulders YR, Wong EV, Toshniwal P, Brunner M, Alex J, Johnston B, Elagali A, Gozt A, Lyle G, Choudhury O, Solomons T, Symeonides C, Dunlop SA. The plastic health map: A systematic evidence map of human health studies on plastic-associated chemicals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108225. [PMID: 37948868 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global production and use of plastic materials has increased dramatically since the 1960s and there is increasing evidence of human health impacts related to exposure to plastic-associated chemicals. There is, however, no comprehensive, regulatory, post-market monitoring for human health effects of plastic-associated chemicals or particles and it is unclear how many of these have been investigated for effects in humans, and therefore what the knowledge gaps are. OBJECTIVE To create a systematic evidence map of peer-reviewed human studies investigating the potential effects of exposure to plastic-associated particles/chemicals on health to identify research gaps and provide recommendations for future research and regulation policy. METHODS Medline and Embase databases were used to identify peer-reviewed primary human studies published in English from Jan 1960 - Jan 2022 that investigated relationships between exposures to included plastic-associated particles/chemicals measured and detected in bio-samples and human health outcomes. Plastic-associated particles/chemicals included are: micro and nanoplastics, due to their widespread occurrence and potential for human exposure; polymers, the main building blocks of plastic; plasticizers and flame retardants, the two most common types of plastic additives with the highest concentration ranges in plastic materials; and bisphenols and per- or polyfluoroalkyl substances, two chemical classes of known health concern that are common in plastics. We extracted metadata on the population and study characteristics (country, intergenerational, sex, age, general/special exposure risk status, study design), exposure (plastic-associated particle/chemical, multiple exposures), and health outcome measures (biochemical, physiological, and/or clinical), from which we produced the interactive database 'Plastic Health Map' and a narrative summary. RESULTS We identified 100,949 unique articles, of which 3,587 met our inclusion criteria and were used to create a systematic evidence map. The Plastic Health Map with extracted metadata from included studies are freely available at https://osf.io/fhw7d/ and summary tables, plots and overall observations are included in this report. CONCLUSIONS We present the first evidence map compiling human health research on a wide range of plastic-associated chemicals from several different chemical classes, in order to provide stakeholders, including researchers, regulators, and concerned individuals, with an efficient way to access published literature on the matter and determine knowledge gaps. We also provide examples of data clusters to facilitate systematic reviews and research gaps to help direct future research efforts. Extensive gaps are identified in the breadth of populations, exposures and outcomes addressed in studies of potential human health effects of plastic-associated chemicals. No studies of the human health effects of micro and/or nanoplastics were found, and no studies were found for 26/1,202 additives included in our search that are of known hazard concern and confirmed to be in active production. Few studies have addressed recent "substitution" chemicals for restricted additives such as organophosphate flame retardants, phthalate substitutes, and bisphenol analogues. We call for a paradigm shift in chemical regulation whereby new plastic chemicals are rigorously tested for safety before being introduced in consumer products, with ongoing post-introduction biomonitoring of their levels in humans and health effects throughout individuals' life span, including in old age and across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhedita J Seewoo
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Louise M Goodes
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Louise Mofflin
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yannick R Mulders
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Enoch Vs Wong
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Priyanka Toshniwal
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Manuel Brunner
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jennifer Alex
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Brady Johnston
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ahmed Elagali
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Gozt
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Greg Lyle
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley WA 6102, Australia
| | - Omrik Choudhury
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Terena Solomons
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; Health and Medical Sciences (Library), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Christos Symeonides
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah A Dunlop
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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Robinson PN, Surendran KSB, Lim SJ, Robinson M. The carbon footprint of surgical operations: a systematic review update. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:692-708. [PMID: 37906978 PMCID: PMC10626532 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2023.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sustainability in healthcare is a rapidly developing area of research with recent formal recognition from institutions around the world. We completed an update of a systematic review published in 2020. The aims of this review were to determine the reported carbon footprints of surgical operations in hospitals worldwide, identify variations in reported carbon footprints and highlight carbon hotspots associated with surgery. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The MEDLINE®, Embase® and Cochrane Library databases were searched, and eligibility criteria applied. The study characteristics, scope of product inventory and results were extracted and synthesised. A quality assessment of each study was completed to inform the reliability of the research. RESULTS 1,308 articles were identified and 7 met the inclusion criteria for the review. The carbon footprint ranged from 28.49kg to 505.1kg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e). Medical devices and consumables were the greatest contributor to emissions, with material production and manufacture representing the majority of this carbon hotspot. There were significant methodological limitations and a lack of consistency in carbon footprint calculations between studies. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review identifies medical devices and consumables as the largest carbon hotspot where healthcare providers should target their sustainability initiatives. Nevertheless, the number of studies was limited and the quality of the evidence was weak. We recommend that researchers in healthcare sustainability develop international standards for conducting and reporting such studies. This would allow for comparison of individual studies and facilitate meta-analysis of cumulative evidence. A reliable evidence base is a prerequisite for identifying optimal interventions to ensure societal benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - SJ Lim
- St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M Robinson
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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140
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Guenin MJ, Studnitz M, Molia S. Interventions to change antimicrobial use in livestock: A scoping review and an impact pathway analysis of what works, how, for whom and why. Prev Vet Med 2023; 220:106025. [PMID: 37776605 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health threat responsible for 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. Antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock contributes to AMR in animal and public health. Therefore, it is essential to implement effective interventions towards better AMU in livestock. However, there is a lack of evidence to inform decision-makers of what works, how, for whom and why and how effective interventions can be adapted to different contexts. We conducted a scoping review and an impact pathway analysis to systematically map the research done in this area and to inform evidence-based and context-appropriate policies. We followed the PRISMA-ScR requirements and searched Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases to identify studies in English or French languages, in open access and published between 2000 and 2022. We selected thirty references addressing twenty-eight different interventions that were successful in changing AMU in livestock. We used an impact pathway logic model as an analytic framework to guide the technical aspects of the scoping review process and to identify the complex relationships between outputs, outcomes, impacts and contextual factors. A majority of interventions managed to improve AMU by changing herd and health management practices (ni=18). We identified intermediate outcomes including change in the veterinarian-farmer relationship (ni=7), in knowledge and perception (ni=6), and in motivation and confidence (ni=1). Twenty-two studies recorded positive impacts on animal health and welfare (ni=11), technical performances (ni=9), economic performances (ni=4) and AMR reduction (ni=4). Interventions implemented different strategies including herd and health management support (ni=20), norms and standards (ni=11), informational and educational measures (ni=10), economic support (ni=5). Studies were mainly in European countries and in pig and large ruminants farming. Most interventions targeted farmers or veterinarians but we identified other major and influential actors including authority and governmental organizations, academics and research, organization of producers or veterinarians, herd advisors and technicians, laboratories, and public opinion. Key success factors were knowledge and perception (ni=14), social factors (ni=13), intervention characteristics (ni=11), trajectory and ecosystem of change (ni=11), economic factors (ni=9), herd and health status (ni=8), data access and monitoring (ni=4). This review describes a paucity of impact assessment of interventions towards better AMU in livestock. There is no one-size-fits-all transition pathway but we inform decision-makers about the most successful interventions that work, how, for whom and why. The impact pathway analysis provided a holistic view of the successful change processes and the complex relationships between outputs, outcomes, impacts and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merete Studnitz
- International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Sophie Molia
- UMR ASTRE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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141
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Sharp RC, Guenther DT, Farrer MJ. Experimental procedures for flow cytometry of wild-type mouse brain: a systematic review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281705. [PMID: 38022545 PMCID: PMC10646240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review the neuroimmunology literature to determine the average immune cell counts reported by flow cytometry in wild-type (WT) homogenized mouse brains. Background Mouse models of gene dysfunction are widely used to study age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The importance of the neuroimmune system in these multifactorial disorders has become increasingly evident, and methods to quantify resident and infiltrating immune cells in the brain, including flow cytometry, are necessary. However, there appears to be no consensus on the best approach to perform flow cytometry or quantify/report immune cell counts. The development of more standardized methods would accelerate neuroimmune discovery and validation by meta-analysis. Methods There has not yet been a systematic review of 'neuroimmunology' by 'flow cytometry' via examination of the PROSPERO registry. A protocol for a systematic review was subsequently based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) using the Studies, Data, Methods, and Outcomes (SDMO) criteria. Literature searches were conducted in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. From that search, 900 candidate studies were identified, and 437 studies were assessed for eligibility based on formal exclusion criteria. Results Out of the 437 studies reviewed, 58 were eligible for inclusion and comparative analysis. Each study assessed immune cell subsets within homogenized mouse brains and used flow cytometry. Nonetheless, there was considerable variability in the methods, data analysis, reporting, and results. Descriptive statistics have been presented on the study designs and results, including medians with interquartile ranges (IQRs) and overall means with standard deviations (SD) for specific immune cell counts and their relative proportions, within and between studies. A total of 58 studies reported the most abundant immune cells within the brains were TMEM119+ microglia, bulk CD4+ T cells, and bulk CD8+ T cells. Conclusion Experiments to conduct and report flow cytometry data, derived from WT homogenized mouse brains, would benefit from a more standardized approach. While within-study comparisons are valid, the variability in methods of counting of immune cell populations is too broad for meta-analysis. The inclusion of a minimal protocol with more detailed methods, controls, and standards could enable this nascent field to compare results across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew J. Farrer
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Kitaw TA, Haile RN. Prevalence of polypharmacy among older adults in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17641. [PMID: 37848565 PMCID: PMC10582100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypharmacy is a significant concern for older adults. Taking multiple medicines to prevent and treat comorbidities is very common in older adults, potentially leading to polypharmacy. Polypharmacy is associated with the development of geriatric syndromes, including cognitive impairment, delirium, falls, frailty, urinary incontinence, and weight loss. The prevalence of polypharmacy varies according to the literature. There is a paucity of data regarding the prevalence of polypharmacy among older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of polypharmacy among older adults in Ethiopia. A comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Hinari, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, International Scientific Indexing, Cochrane library and Web of Science, and Google Scholar, was conducted. STATA statistical software (version 17) was used to analyze the data. Forest plot and I2 heterogeneity test were computed to examine the existence of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were done to explore the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated by using funnel plots and Egger's test. A random effect model was used to determine the pooled prevalence of polypharmacy. After reviewing 123 studies, 13 studies with a total of 3547 older adults fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The result from 13 studies revealed that the pooled prevalence of polypharmacy among older adults in Ethiopia was 37.10% (95CI: 28.28-45.91). A Subgroup Meta-analysis showed that the heterogeneity level was slightly lower among studies done in Oromia region (I2 = 46.62, P-value = 0.154). Higher pooled polypharmacy prevalence was found among older adults with cardiovascular disorders (42.7%) and admitted patients (51.4%). In general, it was found that the pooled prevalence of polypharmacy among older adults in Ethiopia was high. More than one in three older adults take five or more medications at a time. Thus, intervention focusing on rational geriatric pharmacotherapy is significant to prevent unnecessary pill burden, adverse drug events, medical costs, geriatric morbidity, and mortality. Furthermore, enhancing pharmacist roles towards medication therapy management and safety monitoring in older adults is also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegene Atamenta Kitaw
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
| | - Ribka Nigatu Haile
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
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Wang W, Baker K, Umamahesan C, Gilmour S, Charlett A, Taylor D, Young AH, Dobbs RJ, Dobbs SM. Bradyphrenia and Tachyphrenia in Idiopathic Parkinsonism Appear, in Part, Iatrogenic: An Observational Study with Systematic Review Background. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6499. [PMID: 37892637 PMCID: PMC10607457 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We question whether bradyphrenia, slowing of cognitive processing not explained by depression or a global cognitive assessment, is a nosological entity in idiopathic parkinsonism (IP). The time taken to break contact of an index finger with a touch-sensitive plate was measured, with and without a warning in the alerting signal as to which side the imperative would indicate, in 77 people diagnosed with IP and in 124 people without an IP diagnosis. The ability to utilise a warning, measured by the difference between loge-transformed reaction times (unwarned minus warned), was termed 'cognitive efficiency'. It was approximately normally distributed. A questionnaire on self- and partner perception of proband's bradyphrenia was applied. A multivariable model showed that those prescribed levodopa were less cognitively efficient (mean -5.2 (CI -9.5, -1.0)% per 300 mg/day, p = 0.02), but those prescribed the anti-muscarinic trihexyphenidyl were more efficient (14.7 (0.2, 31.3)% per 4 mg/day, p < 0.05) and those prescribed monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor (MAOBI) tended to be more efficient (8.3 (0.0, 17.4)%, p = 0.07). The variance in efficiency was greater within IP (F-test, p = 0.01 adjusted for any demographic covariates: coefficient of variation, with and without IP, 0.68 and 0.46, respectively), but not so after adjustment for anti-parkinsonian medication (p = 0.13: coefficient of variation 0.62). The within-participant follow-up time, a median of 4.8 (interquartile range 3.1, 5.5) years (101 participants), did not influence efficiency, irrespective of IP status. Perception of bradyphrenia did not usefully predict efficiency. We conclude that both bradyphrenia and 'tachyphrenia' in IP appear to have iatrogenic components, of clinically important size, related to the dose of antiparkinsonian medication. Levodopa is the most commonly prescribed first-line medication: co-prescribing a MAOBI may circumvent its associated bradyphrenia. The previously reported greater efficiency associated with (low-dose) anti-muscarinic was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AB, UK (C.U.); (D.T.); (A.H.Y.)
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Kieran Baker
- Department of Mathematics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK (S.G.)
| | - Chianna Umamahesan
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AB, UK (C.U.); (D.T.); (A.H.Y.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK;
| | - Steven Gilmour
- Department of Mathematics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK (S.G.)
| | - André Charlett
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK;
- Statistics, Modelling and Economics, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - David Taylor
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AB, UK (C.U.); (D.T.); (A.H.Y.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK;
| | - Allan H. Young
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AB, UK (C.U.); (D.T.); (A.H.Y.)
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - R. John Dobbs
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AB, UK (C.U.); (D.T.); (A.H.Y.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK;
- Department of Gastroenterology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Sylvia M. Dobbs
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AB, UK (C.U.); (D.T.); (A.H.Y.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK;
- Department of Gastroenterology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
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144
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Gonzalez-Aquines A, Cordero-Perez AC, Kowalska-Bobko I. Differences of corruption types in selected Western and central-eastern health systems during the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1269189. [PMID: 37876721 PMCID: PMC10590903 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1269189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify, describe, and classify the cases of health corruption present in selected Western [the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK)] and Central-Eastern European (Poland and Slovakia) countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A rapid review of the literature was conducted, evaluating data from 11 March 2020 to 15 April 2021. Information sources included MEDLINE via WoS, IBSS via ProQuest, Scopus, and gray literature. Results Thirteen cases were identified across the four countries. The primary type of health corruption in Western European countries was procurement corruption, while misuse of (high) level positions was the most prevalent in Central-Eastern European countries. Actors from central governments were most involved in cases. The rule of law and anti-corruption watchdogs reported most cases in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, while the media reported cases in Poland and Slovakia. Conclusion The differences in types of corruption in WE and CEE countries emphasize the need to contextualize the approach to tackle corruption. Thus, further research in preventing and tackling corruption is a vital and necessary undertaking despite the inherent of conducting health corruption research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gonzalez-Aquines
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iwona Kowalska-Bobko
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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145
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Hamar B, Teutsch B, Hoffmann E, Hegyi P, Váradi A, Nyirády P, Hunka Z, Ács N, Lintner B, Hermánné RJ, Melczer Z. Trichomonas vaginalis infection is associated with increased risk of cervical carcinogenesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 470 000 patients. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 163:31-43. [PMID: 37010897 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichomonas vaginalis infection is the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) in women and has been suggested as a risk factor for developing cervical cancer. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the associations between T. vaginalis infection and cervical carcinogenesis. SEARCH STRATEGY A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in five databases on 21 October 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies assessing the relationship between T. vaginalis infection, HPV co-infections, cervical dysplasia, and cervical cancer were found eligible. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Summary estimates for pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was measured with I2 and Cochran's Q tests. MAIN RESULTS The 29 articles included 473 740 women, of whom 8518 were T. vaginalis-positive. Our results showed that T. vaginalis-infected women had 1.79 times higher odds of being diagnosed with HPV co-infection (95% CI 1.27-2.53; I2 95%). We also found that T. vaginalis infection was associated with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion diagnosis (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.10-4.95; I2 75%) and cervical cancer (OR 5.23, 95% CI 3.03-9.04; I2 3%). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed an association between T. vaginalis and cervical carcinogenesis in sexually active women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Hamar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Teutsch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Hoffmann
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alex Váradi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Nyirády
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Hunka
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nándor Ács
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Lintner
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zsolt Melczer
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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146
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Kolaski K, Logan LR, Ioannidis JPA. Guidance to best tools and practices for systematic reviews. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2023; 67:1148-1177. [PMID: 37288997 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Data continue to accumulate indicating that many systematic reviews are methodologically flawed, biased, redundant, or uninformative. Some improvements have occurred in recent years based on empirical methods research and standardization of appraisal tools; however, many authors do not routinely or consistently apply these updated methods. In addition, guideline developers, peer reviewers, and journal editors often disregard current methodological standards. Although extensively acknowledged and explored in the methodological literature, most clinicians seem unaware of these issues and may automatically accept evidence syntheses (and clinical practice guidelines based on their conclusions) as trustworthy. A plethora of methods and tools are recommended for the development and evaluation of evidence syntheses. It is important to understand what these are intended to do (and cannot do) and how they can be utilized. Our objective is to distill this sprawling information into a format that is understandable and readily accessible to authors, peer reviewers, and editors. In doing so, we aim to promote appreciation and understanding of the demanding science of evidence synthesis among stakeholders. We focus on well-documented deficiencies in key components of evidence syntheses to elucidate the rationale for current standards. The constructs underlying the tools developed to assess reporting, risk of bias, and methodological quality of evidence syntheses are distinguished from those involved in determining overall certainty of a body of evidence. Another important distinction is made between those tools used by authors to develop their syntheses as opposed to those used to ultimately judge their work. Exemplar methods and research practices are described, complemented by novel pragmatic strategies to improve evidence syntheses. The latter include preferred terminology and a scheme to characterize types of research evidence. We organize best practice resources in a Concise Guide that can be widely adopted and adapted for routine implementation by authors and journals. Appropriate, informed use of these is encouraged, but we caution against their superficial application and emphasize their endorsement does not substitute for in-depth methodological training. By highlighting best practices with their rationale, we hope this guidance will inspire further evolution of methods and tools that can advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kat Kolaski
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pediatrics, and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lynne Romeiser Logan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Departments of Medicine, of Epidemiology and Population Health, of Biomedical Data Science, and of Statistics, and Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Wallbank G, Voukelatos A, Taki S, Hughes JK, Gammack S, Pokhrel R, Bedford K, Simone L, Wen LM. Health promotion programs for middle-aged adults that promote physical activity or healthy eating and involve local governments and health services: A rapid review. Health Promot J Austr 2023; 34:825-841. [PMID: 36815679 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncommunicable diseases can be prevented or delayed through health promotion programs. Little is known about programs delivered by partnership organisations that address lifestyle behaviours. The study's purpose was to review the literature on physical activity or healthy eating health promotion programs, delivered in partnership by the local government and local health services, to describe characteristics of programs and their impact on physical activity, healthy eating or related health outcomes among middle-aged adults. METHODS This rapid review was conducted from November 2021 to June 2022, informed by the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods guidance for conducting rapid reviews. Articles published in English since 2000 were identified in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, AgeLine and Scopus databases. A narrative synthesis was performed. RESULTS Ten articles involving 19 802 participants were identified from a total of 4847 articles identified from the search. The primary role of the partnership was providing funds. Other roles were facilitating stakeholder involvement, program development, delivery and recruitment. Positive outcomes were likely if programs were developed by collaborative stakeholder partnerships, informed by previous research or a behaviour change framework. The heterogeneity of study designs and reported outcomes did not permit meta-analysis. CONCLUSION This review highlights the lack of evidence of local government-health service partnerships delivering physical activity or healthy eating health promotion programs for middle-aged adults. Programs designed collaboratively with an evidence base or a theory base are recommended and can guide future work investigating strategies for partnership development. SO WHAT?: Physical activity or healthy eating health promotion programs need early stakeholder collaborative input designed with a theory/evidence base. This can guide future work for investigating strategies for partnership development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Wallbank
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander Voukelatos
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Taki
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica K Hughes
- The University of Sydney Library, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Gammack
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruby Pokhrel
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Bedford
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Simone
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Li Ming Wen
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Mostafavi Zadeh SM, Tajik F, Gheytanchi E, Kiani J, Ghods R, Madjd Z. COVID-19 pandemic impact on screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer: a systematic review. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2023:spcare-2023-004310. [PMID: 37748857 DOI: 10.1136/spcare-2023-004310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The healthcare level has been greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before the outbreak. This study aimed to review the impact of COVID-19 on the screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). METHOD The current study was designed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020. The keywords used to perform the search strategy were COVID-19 and prostate neoplasms. The four primary electronic databases comprising PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase were searched until 1 September 2022. After screening and selecting studies through the EndNote software, data were extracted from each included study by two independent authors. All studies were evaluated according to Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool. RESULTS As a result, 40 studies were included, categorised into two subjects. The majority of studies indicated a significant decrease in screening prostate-specific antibody tests during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period, leading to delays in cancer diagnosis. The decrease in the number of diagnosed cases with low/intermediate stages to some extent was more than those with advanced stages. The PCa screening and diagnosis reduction ranged from nearly 0% to 78% and from 4.1% to 71.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that during the COVID-19 lockdown, delays in PCa screening tests and diagnoses led to the negative health effects on patients with PCa. Thus, it is highly recommended performing regular cancer screening to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021291656.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Mostafavi Zadeh
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tajik
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Gheytanchi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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149
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García-Iglesias JJ, Gómez-Salgado J, Apostolo J, Rodrigues R, Costa EI, Ruiz-Frutos C, Martínez-Isasi S, Fernández-García D, Vilches-Arenas Á. Presenteeism and mental health of workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1224332. [PMID: 37780429 PMCID: PMC10536966 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1224332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of workers attend work despite being ill. Attending work during sickness can have a number of consequences for the worker (e.g., worsening of physical and mental condition), for co-workers, and for the company, and for service users. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the factors influencing presenteeism and mental health of workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A systematic review following the PRISMA format was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, and ScienceDirect electronic databases in January 2023, using the following key words: Presenteeism, Mental Health, and COVID-19. The eligibility criteria applied were original articles published in English, Spanish, French, German, and Portuguese, workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (data collection date: January 01, 2020 - January 01, 2023), and articles assessing at least one measure of presenteeism and mental health status. Methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The followed protocol is listed in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with code CRD42023391409. Results A total of 25 studies were included in this review recruiting a total of 164,274 participants. A number of factors influencing mental health and sickness presenteeism were identified: (1) mental health-related factors (burnout [in 4 studies], stress [in 9 studies], depression [in 1 study], fear of COVID-19 [in 1 study], no well-being [in 2 studies], etc.); (2) individual factors (health status [in 1 study], being young [in 1 study], workers who experienced interrupted medical care [in 2 studies], having a chronic disease [in 1 study], etc.); (3) factors related to the situation caused by COVID-19 (confinement, symptoms, loss of contract, risk of bankruptcy, etc. [in 1 study each one]); and (4) factors derived from working conditions (organisational support [in 1 study], patient care [in 1 study], work functioning or task performance impairment [in 4 studies], work fatigue [in 2 studies], safety climate [in 1 study], workload [in 1 study], etc.). Conclusion Identifying the key determinants of presenteeism and understanding the phenomena and origins of sickness presenteeism will help to create a safe working environment and optimal organisational systems to protect vulnerable workers in a pandemic context. Systematic review registration The unique identifier is CRD42023391409.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jesús García-Iglesias
- Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Coimbra Nursing School, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Joao Apostolo
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Coimbra Nursing School, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rogério Rodrigues
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Coimbra Nursing School, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emília Isabel Costa
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Coimbra Nursing School, Coimbra, Portugal
- Nursing Department, Health School, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
- Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Martínez-Isasi
- Simulation and Intensive Care Unit of Santiago (SICRUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- CLINURSID Research Group, Faculty of Nursing, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Daniel Fernández-García
- Health Research Nursing Group (GREIS), Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Ángel Vilches-Arenas
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Preventive Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
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150
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Nevin SM, McGill BC, Kelada L, Hilton G, Maack M, Elvidge KL, Farrar MA, Baynam G, Katz NT, Donovan L, Grattan S, Signorelli C, Bhattacharya K, Nunn K, Wakefield CE. The psychosocial impact of childhood dementia on children and their parents: a systematic review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:277. [PMID: 37679855 PMCID: PMC10486052 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood dementias are a group of rare and ultra-rare paediatric conditions clinically characterised by enduring global decline in central nervous system function, associated with a progressive loss of developmentally acquired skills, quality of life and shortened life expectancy. Traditional research, service development and advocacy efforts have been fragmented due to a focus on individual disorders, or groups classified by specific mechanisms or molecular pathogenesis. There are significant knowledge and clinician skill gaps regarding the shared psychosocial impacts of childhood dementia conditions. This systematic review integrates the existing international evidence of the collective psychosocial experiences of parents of children living with dementia. METHODS We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We systematically searched four databases to identify original, peer-reviewed research reporting on the psychosocial impacts of childhood dementia, from the parent perspective. We synthesised the data into three thematic categories: parents' healthcare experiences, psychosocial impacts, and information and support needs. RESULTS Nineteen articles met review criteria, representing 1856 parents. Parents highlighted extensive difficulties connecting with an engaged clinical team and navigating their child's rare, life-limiting, and progressive condition. Psychosocial challenges were manifold and encompassed physical, economic, social, emotional and psychological implications. Access to coordinated healthcare and community-based psychosocial supports was associated with improved parent coping, psychological resilience and reduced psychological isolation. Analysis identified a critical need to prioritize access to integrated family-centred psychosocial supports throughout distinct stages of their child's condition trajectory. CONCLUSION This review will encourage and guide the development of evidence-based and integrated psychosocial resources to optimise quality of life outcomes for of children with dementia and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Nevin
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, Australia.
- Behavioral Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia.
| | - Brittany C McGill
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, Australia
- Behavioral Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Lauren Kelada
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, Australia
- Behavioral Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Gail Hilton
- Childhood Dementia Initiative, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan Maack
- Childhood Dementia Initiative, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Michelle A Farrar
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Gareth Baynam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
- Rare Care Centre, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Naomi T Katz
- Victorian Paediatric Palliative Care Program, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leigh Donovan
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, Australia
- Behavioral Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Sarah Grattan
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christina Signorelli
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, Australia
- Behavioral Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Kaustuv Bhattacharya
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Service, Sydney Children's Hospitals' Network, Randwick and Westmead, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Genomics, Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
| | - Kenneth Nunn
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire E Wakefield
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, Australia
- Behavioral Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
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