101
|
Su Z, Cheshmehzangi A, McDonnell D, da Veiga CP, Xiang YT. Mind the "Vaccine Fatigue". Front Immunol 2022; 13:839433. [PMID: 35359948 PMCID: PMC8960954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Omicron scares and speculations are gaining momentum. Amid the nonstop debates and discussions about COVID-19 vaccines, the "vaccine fatigue" phenomenon may become more prevalent. However, to date, no research has systematically examined factors that shape people's vaccine fatigue. To bridge the research gap, this study aims to investigate the antecedents that cause or catalyze people's vaccine fatigue. Methods A narrative literature review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO to identify factors that shape people's vaccine fatigue. The search was completed on December 6, 2021, with a focus on scholarly literature published in English. Results A total of 37 articles were reviewed and analyzed. Vaccine fatigue was most frequently discussed in the context of infectious diseases in general at the pre-vaccination stage. Vaccine fatigue has been identified in the general public, the parents, and the doctors. Overall, a wide range of antecedents to vaccine fatigue has been identified, ranging from the frequency of immunization demands, vaccine side effects, misconceptions about the severity of the diseases and the need for vaccination, to lack of trust in the government and the media. Conclusion Vaccine fatigue is people's inertia or inaction towards vaccine information or instruction due to perceived burden and burnout. Our study found that while some contributors to vaccine fatigue are rooted in limitations of vaccine sciences and therefore can hardly be avoided, effective and empathetic vaccine communications hold great promise in eliminating preventable vaccine fatigue across sectors in society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Institute for Human Rights, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Zhaohui Su, ; Yu-Tao Xiang,
| | - Ali Cheshmehzangi
- Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Architecture and Urban Design, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China,Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Dean McDonnell
- Department of Humanities, South East Technological University, Carlow, Ireland
| | | | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China,Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China,*Correspondence: Zhaohui Su, ; Yu-Tao Xiang,
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Van Tonder GP, Kloppers MM, Grosser MM. Enabling Self-Directed Academic and Personal Wellbeing Through Cognitive Education. Front Psychol 2022; 12:789194. [PMID: 35242068 PMCID: PMC8886206 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.789194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The international crisis of declining learner wellbeing exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic with its devastating effects on physical health and wellbeing, impels the prioritization of initiatives for specifically enabling academic and personal wellbeing among school learners to ensure autonomous functioning and flourishing in academic and daily life. Research emphasizes the role of self-directed action in fostering wellbeing. However, there is limited research evidence of how self-directed action among school learners could be advanced. Aim We explore the effectiveness of an intervention initiative that exposes teachers to foregrounding Cognitive Education – the explicit and purposeful teaching of thinking skills and dispositions to learners that would advance self-regulated action - to establish the latent potential of the intervention for assisting learners to develop self-regulating abilities that progressively inspires increased self-directed action. Method We illuminate the qualitative outcomes of an exploratory pilot study with a heterogeneous group of willing in-service teachers from two public primary schools (n = 12), one private primary school (n = 3), and one pre-school (n = 2) in South Africa who received exposure to an 80-h intervention that comprised seven study units. The article delineates the experiences of the teachers concerning their participation in the intervention as reflected in their written reflections, as well as their perceptions about the value of the intervention probed with semi-structured one-on-one interviews after completion of the intervention. Results The findings revealed that exposure to the intervention holds benefits for equipping teachers with teaching strategies to create classroom conditions that nurture the development of thinking skills and dispositions that are important for self-regulating, and ultimately self-directing academic and personal wellbeing. Conclusion Cognitive Education is a form of strengths-based education that can play an indispensable role in enabling self-directed academic and personal wellbeing among school learners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gideon P Van Tonder
- Research Unit, Self-Directed Learning, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Magdalena M Kloppers
- Research Unit, Self-Directed Learning, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Mary M Grosser
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
A Web-Based Application to Monitor and Inform about the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy: The {COVID-19ita} Initiative. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10030473. [PMID: 35326954 PMCID: PMC8948929 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has posed several questions about public health emergency risk communication. Due to the effort required for the population to adopt appropriate behaviors in response to the emergency, it is essential to inform the public of the epidemic situation with transparent data sources. The COVID-19ita project aimed to develop a public open-source tool to provide timely, updated information on the pandemic’s evolution in Italy. It is a web-based application, the front end for the eponymously named R package freely available on GitHub, deployed both in English and Italian. The web application pulls the data from the official repository of the Italian COVID-19 outbreak at the national, regional, and provincial levels. The app allows the user to select information to visualize data in an interactive environment and compare epidemic situations over time and across different Italian regions. At the same time, it provides insights about the outbreak that are explained and commented upon to yield reasoned, focused, timely, and updated information about the outbreak evolution.
Collapse
|
104
|
Su Z, McDonnell D, Ahmad J, Cheshmehzangi A, Xiang YT. Mind the "worry fatigue" amid Omicron scares. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:60-61. [PMID: 34973394 PMCID: PMC8715626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to worry, the accumulated unknowns and uncertainties about COVID-19 may also result in "worry fatigue" that could harm the public's vigilance towards the pandemic and their adherence to preventive measures. Worry could be understood as future-oriented concerns and challenges that could result in negative outcomes, whereas worry fatigue is the feeling of extreme burden and burnout associated with too much worry unsolved. As the world embraces its second COVID-19 winter, along with the pandemic-compromised holiday season, the Omicron variant has been declared a variant of concern by the World Health Organization. However, the fluid and unpredictable nature of COVID-19 variants dictates that, instead of definitive answers that could ease people's worry about Omicron, dividing debates and distracting discussions that could further exacerbate people's worry fatigue might be the norm in the coming months. This means that, amid the ever-changing public health guidance, the forever-breaking news reports, and the always-debatable media analyses, government and health officials need to be more invested in addressing people's potential worry and worry fatigue about the pandemic, to ensure the public's rigorous cooperation and compliance with safety measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Su
- Center on Smart and Connected Health Technologies, Mays Cancer Center, School of Nursing, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Dean McDonnell
- Department of Humanities, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow R93 V960, Ireland.
| | - Junaid Ahmad
- Prime Institute of Public Health, Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar, Warsak Road, Peshawar 25160, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Cheshmehzangi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China; Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Strasser MA, Sumner PJ, Meyer D. COVID-19 news consumption and distress in young people: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2022; 300:481-491. [PMID: 34990630 PMCID: PMC8742131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has brought challenges for the mental health of young people. The volume, negative content and potential for misinformation within COVID-19 related news can be an additional cause of distress. This systematic review aims to synthesise the research findings on the relationship between COVID-19 news and distress in young people. METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases were searched on 24 April 2021 for articles that contained empirical research examining the association between COVID-19 news consumption and mental health in samples of young people with a mean age between 10 and 24 years. RESULTS The 13 included studies involved 760,474 participants in predominantly cross-sectional studies, with data collected during COVID-19 lockdowns across seven countries. Increased consumption of COVID-19 news was associated with a decline in mental health (n = 11). The results were more consistent for news obtained on social media with variation for traditional media sources. Misinformation may further explain the relationship. LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity across study methodologies, lack of longitudinal research and validated measures of news consumption. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed literature supports the association between increased consumption of COVID-19 related news and decreased mental health in young people. This group may benefit from support to mitigate the psychological impacts of COVID-19 news. Future research should utilise longitudinal designs, ecological momentary assessments, and reliable/valid measures of news consumption to explore the negative mental health associated with COVID-19 news in young people.
Collapse
|
106
|
Su Z, McDonnell D, Cheshmehzangi A, Ahmad J, Šegalo S, Pereira da Veiga C, Xiang YT. How to join and stay in the Olympic COVID-free “bubble”? Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 20:100424. [PMID: 35128490 PMCID: PMC8805950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Beijing, 2022 Olympics will be the second Games held amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the unique circumstances the 2022 Games face—the Omicron spread, high virus transmissibility in winters, and uncertainties about vaccine efficacy and future variants of concern, safety measures amid the Beijing, 2022 Games will be one of the most intricate among large international events held during the pandemic. To ensure athletes' health, safety, and ability to participate in the Games, the organizers have introduced the Olympic COVID-free “bubble” protection ecosystem, in which COVID-free athletes could stay and be protected from potential infections that could upend their Games plans, if not their career as well. However, while staying in the “bubble” is key for athletes' health and success, there is a lack of insights on factors that might prevent athletes from continuing their scheduled Olympic journey as scheduled. To shed light on the issue, based on Beijing, 2022 Olympic Playbooks and most up-to-date guidance issued, this article and its accompanying infographic were developed to illustrate factors that could influence athletes’ ability to join and stay in the “bubble”, participate in the Games, and further build their career. Furthermore, we also adapted and integrated easy-to-adopt mental health de-stress techniques recommended by the World Health Organization to help athletes better thrive amid the Beijing, 2022 Winter Olympics, in or outside of the “bubble”.
Collapse
|
107
|
Rahmat TE, Raza S, Zahid H, Abbas J, Mohd Sobri FA, Sidiki SN. Nexus between integrating technology readiness 2.0 index and students' e-library services adoption amid the COVID-19 challenges: Implications based on the theory of planned behavior. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:50. [PMID: 35372596 PMCID: PMC8974977 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_508_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of the pandemic COVID-19 has resulted in a global crisis that resulted in the closure of universities and educational institutions worldwide. This study aims to explore the determinants of students' intention towards e-library services usage amid the challenging time of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper reviews the technology-oriented individual attitude based on four dimensions of the technology readiness 2.0 index factors, which affect medical students' perspectives. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors provided a self-administered questionnaire to medical students to investigate their e-library adoption attitude during the COVID-19 crisis. The authors distributed 542 questionnaires, received 361 complete responses and analyzed the data through path modeling/partial least squares structural equations modeling technique (PLS-SEM) with the smart PLS software version 3.3.3. The structural equation-modelling tool permits the estimation of results. RESULTS The main finding revealed that medical students have a positive and explicit approach to use the services available at the e-library. Technology use and online services helped students continue their educational needs in the advent of the current pandemic COVID-19. Attitude and subjective norms have significant influence and are strong predictors of intention. However, due to inadequate support for the government side, the perceived behavioural control has an insignificant impact on intention. This paper indicated one of the pioneers investigating the determinants of e-library adoption among medical students based on technology-oriented personality traits, employing the four dimensions of the technology readiness 2.0 index during the challenges of the COVID-19 outbreak. CONCLUSION The study's findings provide useful insight that offers valuable insights to implement specific strategies from the government officials to address medical students' uncertainties and increase the technology adoption amid the COVID-19 pandemic in medical education for developing nations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taufik Edi Rahmat
- Department of Economics and Business, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Serang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Saqlain Raza
- Faculty of Management Sciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Zahid
- Faculty of Management Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jaffar Abbas
- Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai China, and School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fatimah Azzahraa Mohd Sobri
- School of Technology Management and Logistics, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 UUM Sintok, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
| | - Shehla Najib Sidiki
- Faculty of Management Sciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Zhang Z, Liu Y, Li Y, Wang X, Li H, Yang H, Ding W, Liao Y, Tang N, He F. Lake ecosystem health assessment using a novel hybrid decision-making framework in the Nam Co, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152087. [PMID: 34856268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lake health assessment (LHA), a powerful tool for lake ecological protection, provides the foundation for sustainable water environment management. However, existing methods have not yet considered the effects of fuzziness and randomness on LHA. In addition, most of the current studies on LHA focus on the plain areas, lack of quantitative studies in mountain areas, such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Pythagorean fuzzy cloud (PFC) integration algorithm drawing on the advantages of Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFS) and cloud model was proposed. A novel hybrid decision-making framework combining PFC integration algorithm and TOPSIS model was developed to determine the lake health levels with fuzziness and randomness. An indicator system incorporating ecosystem integrity (physical habitat, water quantity and quality, aquatic life) and non-ecological performance (social services) was established. To comprehensively investigate the lake health level in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Nam Co was selected as study area. Our results confirm that the developed framework in this study can overcome the shortcomings of existing methods and provide a more effective approach for LHA with fuzziness and randomness. In Nam Co, the non-ecological performance was significantly better than the ecosystem integrity. Health levels exhibited a remarkable spatial variation influenced by tourism and grazing, with decreasing health status from the northwestern to southeastern Nam Co. Approximately 85% of the sampling sites were at excellent or healthy levels, 15% were subhealthy, and no sampling sites were unhealthy and sick. Our results highlight that tourism has affected health levels at Nam Co, and effective measures are needed to minimize the impact in ecological fragile areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hongze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Departmnent of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK.
| | - Wenhao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yipeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Nanbo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Feifei He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Ryan N, Meskell P. The experience of people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis living through the COVID-19 pandemic. J Adv Nurs 2022; 78:2232-2244. [PMID: 35179243 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the experience of people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis living through the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive design using semi-structured interviews. METHOD Purposive sampling was employed to recruit 13 participants with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis attending the respiratory department of a large urban teaching hospital in Limerick, Ireland. Data were collected between January 2021 and February 2021 through semi-structured interviews, using an online platform. Reflective thematic analysis was used for data analysis. RESULTS Four key themes were identified from participant's experience of living through the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) fear of contracting COVID-19 disease, (2) living with reduced social interaction, (3) the adjustment in the relationship with healthcare professionals (HCP) and (4) navigating an altered landscape. CONCLUSION Healthcare professionals have a key role in protecting the physical and psychological health of the person with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis during this time and into the future. Through being cognisant of the additional supportive care needs of people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, HCP can focus on developing targeted interventions aimed to enhance care provision. IMPACT This study considers people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as a particularly vulnerable group whose experiences of living through the COVID-19 pandemic warrant specific attention. Participants felt compelled to self-isolate due to fear and anxiety of contracting COVID-19 disease. Participants reported increased social isolation with some experiencing anger and resentment at loss of precious time with loved ones. Participants felt an increased responsibility for self-monitoring their condition and had concerns about differentiating symptoms of COVID-19 disease from an exacerbation. A variety of strategies that helped them cope through the pandemic were identified and also the important role these played. The results from this study can be used to inform HCP' understanding of challenges experienced by people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis during enforced restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelle Ryan
- Respiratory Department, University Hospital of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Pauline Meskell
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
van Kessel R, Wong BLH, Rubinić I, O’Nuallain E, Czabanowska K. Is Europe prepared to go digital? making the case for developing digital capacity: An exploratory analysis of Eurostat survey data. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2022; 1:e0000013. [PMID: 36812527 PMCID: PMC9931321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Digital divides are globally recognised as a wicked problem that threatens to become the new face of inequality. They are formed by discrepancies in Internet access, digital skills, and tangible outcomes (e.g. health, economic) between populations. Previous studies indicate that Europe has an average Internet access rate of 90%, yet rarely specify for different demographics and do not report on the presence of digital skills. This exploratory analysis used the 2019 community survey on ICT usage in households and by individuals from Eurostat, which is a sample of 147,531 households and 197,631 individuals aged 16-74. The cross-country comparative analysis includes EEA and Switzerland. Data were collected between January and August 2019 and analysed between April and May 2021. Large differences in Internet access were observed (75-98%), especially between North-Western (94-98%) and South-Eastern Europe (75-87%). Young populations, high education levels, employment, and living in an urban environment appear to positively influence the development of higher digital skills. The cross-country analysis exhibits a positive correlation between high capital stock and income/earnings, and the digital skills development while showing that the internet-access price bears marginal influence over digital literacy levels. The findings suggest Europe is currently unable to host a sustainable digital society without exacerbating cross-country inequalities due to substantial differences in internet access and digital literacy. Investment in building digital capacity in the general population should be the primary objective of European countries to ensure they can benefit optimally, equitably, and sustainably from the advancements of the Digital Era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin van Kessel
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Studio Europa, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Research Committee, Global Health Workforce Network (GHWN) Youth Hub, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Brian Li Han Wong
- Research Committee, Global Health Workforce Network (GHWN) Youth Hub, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Steering Committee, Digital Health Section, European Public Health Association (EUPHA), Utrecht, Netherlands
- COVID-19 Task Force, Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Rubinić
- Studio Europa, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ella O’Nuallain
- Consulting team APAC Region, Global Hub, Impact Consulting, London, United Kingdom
- Public Sector Strategy team, Consulting, Deloitte Consulting Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Czabanowska
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Health Policy Management, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Care, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Özcebe H, Üner S, Karadag O, Daryani A, Gershuni O, Czabanowska K, Brand H, Erdsiek F, Aksakal T, Brzoska P. Perspectives of physicians and pharmacists on rational use of antibiotics in Turkey and among Turkish migrants in Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands: a qualitative study. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2022; 23:29. [PMID: 35168554 PMCID: PMC8848838 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-022-01636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance may result from inappropriate use of antibiotics in health care. Turkey is one of the countries with the highest antibiotic consumption in the world. Considering the role of transnational ties between Turkish migrants and their social contacts in Turkey, the attitudes and behaviors relating to rational antibiotic use in Turkey can also affect the use of antibiotics by Turkish migrants residing abroad. This study explores physicians’ and pharmacists’ experiences and perspectives on rational antibiotic use among Turkish adults in Turkey and among Turkish migrants in Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands, three European countries with large populations of Turkish migrants. Methods Following a qualitative study design using convenience and snowball sampling, in-depth interviews with 21 family physicians and 24 pharmacists were conducted in the aforementioned countries. We transcribed all interviews verbatim and performed content analysis separately in the countries, followed by translation, pooling and joint interpretation of the findings. Results Physicians and pharmacists encountered irrational use of antibiotics among their patients in Turkey. Physicians interviewed in the three European countries explained that Turkish migrants differ from non-migrants with respect to their attitudes towards antibiotics, for example by more often expecting to be prescribed antibiotics. All physicians and pharmacists in the selected countries reported to inform their patients on how to use antibiotics upon prescription; however, Turkish migrants’ poor language proficiency was considered as a substantial communication barrier by the physicians and pharmacists interviewed in the European countries. Conclusions The study illustrated some aspects of irrational antibiotic use among the population in Turkey and Turkish migrants in selected European countries. It emphasized the need for closer community participation, adequate information campaigns, as well as in-service training of health care providers in Turkey. The strategies and interventions on rational antibiotic use should also be supported and encouraged by health care providers, who need to reach out to people with various cultural backgrounds. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12875-022-01636-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Özcebe
- Department of Public, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sarp Üner
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozge Karadag
- Columbia University, Earth Institute, Center for Sustainable Development, New York, NY, USA.,Hacettepe University, Institute of Public Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Achraf Daryani
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olga Gershuni
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute - CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of International Health, Maastricht University, FHML, CAPHRI, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Czabanowska
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute - CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Helmut Brand
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute - CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Erdsiek
- Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Health Services Research, Witten, Germany.,Chemnitz University of Technology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Epidemiology Unit, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Tuğba Aksakal
- Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Health Services Research, Witten, Germany.,Chemnitz University of Technology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Epidemiology Unit, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Patrick Brzoska
- Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Health Services Research, Witten, Germany. .,Chemnitz University of Technology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Epidemiology Unit, Chemnitz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Araujo C, Siqueira M, Amaral L. Resilience of Brazilian health-care professionals during the pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUALITY AND SERVICE SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijqss-08-2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
Health-care professionals are caring for patients in unprecedented circumstances during the COVID-19 pandemic, dealing with scarce resources, higher demand and uncertain outcomes. In this context, the purpose of this study is to explore the views of health-care professionals regarding their work conditions and perceived impacts of the pandemic on their health, as well as the role of resilience and improvisation in face of the new challenges.
Design/methodology/approach
This exploratory and qualitative study carried out semi-structured interviews with eleven health-care professionals from three Brazilian states that have been working in intensive care settings during the pandemic.
Findings
The pandemic has posed a great personal and professional burden on the professionals, impacting their physical and mental health. It also has required them greater resilience and improvisation capabilities to adequately perform work-related activities.
Practical implications
In addition to individual-level attitudes, the results suggest that aspects in the government, society, personal relationships and providers domains influence the effects of the pandemic on the health-care professionals and how they cope with the ongoing crisis. Such a multifactorial approach should therefore be considered by health managers.
Originality/value
With no similar effort identified, this study emphasizes the relevance of discussing the pandemic burden on frontline professionals and intends to be useful for health practitioners, managers, academics and policymakers.
Collapse
|
113
|
Solerdelcoll M. A Wake-Up Call: Recognizing and Reimaging Responses to Children's Mental Health and Protection Needs as an Integral Part of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:841515. [PMID: 35222129 PMCID: PMC8866847 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.841515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Solerdelcoll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Rathore N, Jain PK, Parida M. A Sustainable Model for Emergency Medical Services in Developing Countries: A Novel Approach Using Partial Outsourcing and Machine Learning. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2022; 15:193-218. [PMID: 35173497 PMCID: PMC8841749 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s338186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unlike Western countries, many low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), like India, have a de-centralized emergency medical services (EMS) involving both semi-government and non-government organizations. It is alarming that due to the absence of a common ecosystem, the utilization of resources is inefficient, which leads to shortage of available vehicles and larger response time. Fragmentation of emergency supply chain resources motivates us to propose a new vehicle routing and scheduling model equipped with novel features to ensure minimal response time using existing resources. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data set of medical and fire-related emergencies from January 2018 to May 2018 of Uttarakhand State in India was provided by GVK Emergency Management and Research Institute (GVK EMRI) also known as 108 EMSs was used in the study. The proposed model integrates all the available EMS vehicles including partial outsourcing to non-ambulatory vehicles like police vans, taxis, etc., using a novel two-echelon heuristic approach. In the first stage, an offline learning model is developed to yield the deployment strategy for EMS vehicles. Seven well researched machine learning (ML) algorithms were analyzed for parameter prediction namely random forest (RF), convolutional neural network (CNN), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), classification and regression tree (CART), support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). In the second stage, a real-time routing model is proposed for EMS vehicle routing at the time of emergency, considering partial outsourcing. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results indicate that the RF classifier outperforms the LR, LDA, SVM, CNN, CART and NB classifier in terms of both accuracy as well as F-1 score. The proposed vehicle routing and scheduling model for automated decision-making shows an improvement of 42.1%, 54%, 27.9% and 62% in vehicle assignment time, vehicle travel time from base to scene, travel time from scene to hospital, and total response time, respectively, in urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Rathore
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Jain
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Manoranjan Parida
- Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Zhou Y, Draghici A, Abbas J, Mubeen R, Boatca ME, Salam MA. Social Media Efficacy in Crisis Management: Effectiveness of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions to Manage COVID-19 Challenges. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:626134. [PMID: 35197870 PMCID: PMC8859332 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The new identified virus COVID-19 has become one of the most contagious diseases in human history. The ongoing coronavirus has created severe threats to global mental health, which have resulted in crisis management challenges and international concerns related to health issues. As of September 9, 2021, there were over 223.4 million patients with COVID-19, including 4.6 million deaths and over 200 million recovered patients reported worldwide, which has made the COVID-19 outbreak one of the deadliest pandemics in human history. The aggressive public health implementations endorsed various precautionary safety and preventive strategies to suppress and minimize COVID-19 disease transmission. The second, third, and fourth waves of COVID-19 continue to pose global challenges to crisis management, as its evolution and implications are still unfolding. This study posits that examining the strategic ripostes and pandemic experiences sheds light on combatting this global emergency. This study recommends two model strategies that help reduce the adverse effects of the pandemic on the immune systems of the general population. This present paper recommends NPI interventions (non-pharmaceutical intervention) to combine various measures, such as the suppression strategy (lockdown and restrictions) and mitigation model to decrease the burden on health systems. The current COVID-19 health crisis has influenced all vital economic sectors and developed crisis management problems. The global supply of vaccines is still not sufficient to manage this global health emergency. In this crisis, NPIs are helpful to manage the spillover impacts of the pandemic. It articulates the prominence of resilience and economic and strategic agility to resume economic activities and resolve healthcare issues. This study primarily focuses on the role of social media to tackle challenges and crises posed by COVID-19 on economies, business activities, healthcare burdens, and government support for societies to resume businesses, and implications for global economic and healthcare provision disruptions. This study suggests that intervention strategies can control the rapid spread of COVID-19 with hands-on crisis management measures, and the healthcare system will resume normal conditions quickly. Global economies will revitalize scientific contributions and collaborations, including social science and business industries, through government support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunye Zhou
- Law School, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Anca Draghici
- Faculty of Management in Production and Transportation, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Jaffar Abbas
- School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Riaqa Mubeen
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Maria Elena Boatca
- Faculty of Management in Production and Transportation, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mohammad Asif Salam
- Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Che S, Nan D, Kamphuis P, Zhang S, Kim JH. Examining Crisis Communication Using Semantic Network and Sentiment Analysis: A Case Study on NetEase Games. Front Psychol 2022; 13:823415. [PMID: 35185736 PMCID: PMC8854284 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.823415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mobile game “Immortal Conquest,” created by NetEase Games, caused a dramatic user dissatisfaction event after an introduction of a sudden and uninvited “pay-to-win” update. As a result, many players filed grievances against NetEase in a court. The official game website issued three apologies, with mix results, to mitigate the crisis. The goal of the present study is to understand user feedback content from the perspective of Situational Crisis Communication Theory through semantic network analysis and sentiment analysis to explore how an enterprise’s crisis communication strategy affects users’ attitudes. First, our results demonstrate that the diminishing crisis communication strategies (excuse and justification) do not change players’ negative attitudes. It was not a failure because it successfully alleviated the players’ legal complaints and refocused their attention on the game itself. Second, the rebuild (apology & compensation) strategy was effective because it significantly increased the percentage of positive emotions and regenerated expectations for the game. The litigation crisis was identified within gamer communications with respect to Chinese gaming companies for the first time. Nevertheless, this does not indicate an increase in overall legal awareness among the larger Chinese population. It may only reflect greater legal awareness among Chinese online gamers. Fourth, gamers emphasized that they and enterprises should be equally involved when communicating with each other. Finally, in-game paid items should be reasonably priced, otherwise, they will drive users to competitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ShaoPeng Che
- Department of Human-Artificial Intelligence Interaction, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Interaction Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongyan Nan
- Department of Human-Artificial Intelligence Interaction, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Interaction Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pim Kamphuis
- Department of Interaction Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shunan Zhang
- Department of Interaction Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jang Hyun Kim
- Department of Human-Artificial Intelligence Interaction, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Interaction Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jang Hyun Kim,
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Alharbi A. The Prevalence of Depression and Related Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among the General Population of the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e21965. [PMID: 35155046 PMCID: PMC8819056 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study examines the rates of depression associated with the COVID-19 pandemic along with mitigation measures such as lockdown and quarantine in the population of the Jazan region in Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) began mitigation measures before the first case appeared on March 2, 2020, disrupting daily life in a culture that is centered on family life. We sought to assess the psychological impacts of the pandemic on this culturally unique region to see if it affected as many as other reported places in the world. Methods A self-reporting online questionnaire in Arabic was distributed through social media applications and a convenience sample of 942 participants ≥18 years of age living in the Jazan region was selected. The questionnaire included socio-demographics, economic status, chronic medical conditions, focus on and knowledge of COVID-19, and the patient health questionnaire-9 scale (PHQ-9) for depression metrics. The data in this study were analyzed using descriptive analysis of participant characteristics, followed by Chi-square testing to compare reported depression related to each variable. Finally, to control for confounding factors, we applied multivariate logistic regression to find an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% CI. Results In the Jazan region, the rate of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic was nearly 26%. There are several significant determinants associated with higher rates of depression in descending order: those with chronic diseases were 160% higher than those without; those with a history of mental illness were 150% higher; participants who focused excessively on the pandemic ≥3 hours daily were 130% higher; participants who were divorced or widowed were 120% higher than singles; females were 87% higher; those under age 40 were 57% higher; students were 50% higher; those reporting low incomes were 40% higher than those with moderate incomes and 60% higher than those with high incomes. Conclusions Strategies need to be devised to protect vulnerable groups of participants from mental health effects, including depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. This will require the collaboration of various institutions, such as schools and others, to provide support for education and mental health. Future research should be aimed at determining the reasons for this higher vulnerability of some groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alharbi
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Liu Y, Xue C, Lu H, Zhou Y, Guan R, Wang J, Zhang Q, Ke T, Aschner M, Zhang W, Luo W. Hypoxia causes mitochondrial dysfunction and brain memory disorder in a manner mediated by the reduction of Cirbp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151228. [PMID: 34715218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental hypoxic hazard has increasingly become a global public health issue, with impelling evidences supporting the relation between hypoxia and cognitive disorders. As a potent stressor, hypoxia causes mitochondrial dysfunction with insufficient energy production, thus the formation of brain memory disorder. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanism/s against hypoxia induced injury have yet to be identified. Here, we report that cold inducible RNA binding protein (Cirbp) attenuates hypoxia induced insufficient energy production and oxidative stress. Further analyses show that Cirbp sustains protein levels of respiratory chain complexes II (SDHB) and IV (MT-CO1), and directly binds the 3'UTR of Atp5g3 to control mitochondrial homeostasis and ATP biogenesis upon hypoxic stress. Altogether, our data establish Cirbp as a critical protective factor against hypoxic health hazard and provide novel insights into its latent regulation network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chong Xue
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huanyu Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ruili Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jiye Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Elbarazi I, Saddik B, Grivna M, Aziz F, Elsori D, Stip E, Bendak E. The Impact of the COVID-19 “Infodemic” on Well-Being: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:289-307. [PMID: 35228802 PMCID: PMC8881924 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s346930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: Iffat Elbarazi, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, Email
| | - Basema Saddik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michal Grivna
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faisal Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Deena Elsori
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emmanuel Stip
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | |
Collapse
|
120
|
Mental Health and Time Management Behavior among Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: Towards Persuasive Technology Design. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7376748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The study explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students’ mental health in higher education while capturing their perceptions and attitudes towards time management. The aim was to examine relationships between stress, anxiety, and specific time management-related factors. Considering possible differences between genders and degree levels, we developed five structural equation models (SEMs) to delineate these relationships. Results of a large-scale study of 502 participants show that students suffered from stress and two types of COVID-19-related anxiety: disease and consequences. Students’ preference for organization was the only factor that significantly promoted their perceived control over time, which contributes to reducing stress, hence anxiety. However, female students reported higher stress and anxiety levels than male students. Graduate students reported higher anxiety levels related to the consequences of the pandemic compared to undergrads. To promote students’ preference for organization, we map the three categories of organization to corresponding persuasive strategies which could be used in the design of persuasive interventions. This creates an opportunity for developing technological interventions to improve students’ perceived control over time, thus reduce stress and anxiety.
Collapse
|
121
|
Nowrouzi-Kia B, Osipenko L, Eftekhar P, Othman N, Alotaibi S, Schuster AM, Sun Suh H, Duncan A. The early impact of the global lockdown on post-secondary students and staff: A global, descriptive study. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221074480. [PMID: 35096392 PMCID: PMC8793123 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221074480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to gain a preliminary, broad-level understanding of how the first lockdown impacted post-secondary students, faculty, and staff worldwide. Methods: The data were obtained via a global online cross-sectional questionnaire survey using a mixed-method design and disseminated to university students, faculty, and staff from April to November 2020. The data were categorized in four themes/categories: (1) social life and relationships, (2) access to services, (3) health experiences, and (4) impact on mental health well-being. Results: The survey included 27,804 participants from 121 countries and 6 continents. The majority of participants were from Europe (73.6%), female (59.2%), under 30 years of age (64.0%), living in large urban areas (61.3%), %), and from middle-income families (66.7%). Approximately 28.4% of respondents reported that the lockdown negatively impacted their social life, while 21.2% reported the lockdown had a positive impact. A total of 39.2% reported having issues accessing products or services, including essentials, such as groceries, or medical services. In addition, respondents reported an increase in stress and anxiety levels and a decrease in quality of life during the first 2 weeks of the lockdown. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures had an evident impact on the lives of post-secondary students, faculty, and staff. Further research is required to inform and improve policies to support these populations at both institutional and national levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute – University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leeza Osipenko
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (KITE) – University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Parvin Eftekhar
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (KITE) – University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nasih Othman
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sultan Alotaibi
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
- Cardiac Center, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- The LockedDown Project, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | - Hae Sun Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrea Duncan
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Reisz D, Crișan I. Perspectives on Mass Media and Governmental Measures during the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic in a Romanian Sample of Healthcare Practitioners. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020191. [PMID: 35206806 PMCID: PMC8871758 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Along with the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic around the globe, a proliferation of mass media information exposed the population to an infodemic with various implications documented worldwide. The present study analyzed Romanian healthcare practitioners’ (HCPs) appraisal of COVID-19 mass media information and governmental measures throughout 2020, ranking vaccination priorities and moral values. Methods: 97 HCP completed a cross-sectional survey with items referring to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Results: Findings were consistent with other studies, indicating an overall negative appraisal of mass media information, which predicted anxiety and relaxation difficulties. Unlike other studies, our sample reported a moderate level of satisfaction with official measures in 2020, which was not related to their view on mass media information. The ranking of population categories in the vaccination order showed similarities with the governmental vaccination program in 2021. Despite placing freedom third after health and love in the hierarchy of values, HCPs showed a high tendency of limiting individual liberty for the common good. Conclusions: Results showed a dissociation between the overall negative appraisal of mass media information and the satisfaction with governmental measures in 2020. Romanian HCPs shared a secular perspective on moral values and assumed an authoritarian position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Reisz
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Iulia Crișan
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, 300223 Timișoara, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-730907314
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Nigri A, Levantesi S, Piscopo G. Causes-of-Death Specific Estimates from Synthetic Health Measure: A Methodological Framework. SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH 2022; 162:887-908. [PMID: 35039708 PMCID: PMC8756417 DOI: 10.1007/s11205-021-02870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Life expectancy at birth has attracted interest in various fields, as a health indicator that measures the quality of life. Its appeal relies on the ability to enclose and summarize all the factors affecting longevity. However, more granular information, provided by social indicators such as cause-of-death mortality rates, plays a crucial role in defining appropriate policies for governments to achieve well-being and sustainability goals. Unfortunately, their availability is not always guaranteed. Exploiting the relationship between life expectancy at birth and cause-of-death mortality rates, in this paper we propose an indirect model to produce estimates of death rates due to specific causes using the summary indicator of life expectancy at birth, thus the general levels of the observed mortality. By leveraging on a constrained optimization procedure, we ensure a robust framework where the cause-specific mortality rates are coherent to the aggregate mortality. The main advantage is that indirect estimations allow us to overcome the data availability problem: very often the cause-specific mortality data are incomplete, whereas data on the aggregate mortality are not. Using data from the Human Cause-of-Death Database, we show a numerical application of our model to two different countries, Russia and Spain, which have experienced a different evolution of life expectancy and different leading causes of death. In Spain, we detected the impact of several public health policies on the lowered levels of cancer deaths and related life expectancy increases. As regards the Russia, our results catch the effects of the anti-alcohol campaign of 1985-1988 on longevity changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nigri
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Piscopo
- Department of Economics and Statistical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Cvetković VM, Nikolić N, Ocal A, Martinović J, Dragašević A. A Predictive Model of Pandemic Disaster Fear Caused by Coronavirus (COVID-19): Implications for Decision-Makers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:652. [PMID: 35055474 PMCID: PMC8775677 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents quantitative research results regarding a predictive model of pandemic disaster fear caused by the coronavirus disease (COVİD-19). The aim of this paper was to establish the level and impact of certain demographic and socioeconomic characteristics on pandemic disaster fear caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19). The research was conducted using a questionnaire that was provided and then collected online for 1226 respondents during May 2021. A closed, five-point Likert scale was used to create the structured questionnaire. The first section of the questionnaire included research questions about the participants' socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, while the second section included issue questions about fear caused by COVID-19. The results of multivariate regression analyses showed the most important predictor for fear of COVID-19 to be gender, followed by age and education level. Furthermore, the results of t-tests showed statistically significant differences between men and women in terms of different aspects of pandemic disaster fear caused by the coronavirus disease. Our results have several significant public health implications. Women who were more educated and knowledgeable, married, and older, reported a greater fear of the outbreak at various levels. Decision-makers can use these findings to identify better strategic opportunities for pandemic disaster risk management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir M. Cvetković
- Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vučića 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia
- Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia;
- International Institute for Disaster Research, Dimitrija Tucović 121, 11056 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Nikolić
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 32102 Cacak, Serbia; (N.N.); (A.D.)
| | - Adem Ocal
- Independent Researcher, Ankara 06500, Turkey;
| | - Jovana Martinović
- Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia;
- International Institute for Disaster Research, Dimitrija Tucović 121, 11056 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Dragašević
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 32102 Cacak, Serbia; (N.N.); (A.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Kannan P, Bhawra J, Patel P, Katapally TR. Preserving rural school health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Indigenous citizen scientist perspectives from a qualitative study. AIMS Public Health 2022; 9:216-236. [PMID: 35634029 PMCID: PMC9114787 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2022016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
<abstract>
<p>This qualitative study is part of Smart Indigenous Youth, a digital health community trial involving rural schools in Saskatchewan, Canada. Secondary school administrators and educators were engaged as citizen scientists in rural Indigenous communities to understand rapid decision-making processes for preserving school health during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to inform evidence-based safe school policies and practices. After COVID-19 restrictions were implemented, key informant interviews and focus groups were conducted with school administrators and educators, respectively, to understand the impact of school responses and decision-making processes. Two independent reviewers conducted thematic analyses and compared themes to reach consensus on a final shortlist. Four main themes emerged from the administrator interviews, and six main themes were identified from the educator focus group discussions which revealed a pressing need for mental health supports for students and educators. The study findings highlight the challenges faced by schools in rural and remote areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, including school closures, students' reactions to closures, measures taken by schools to preserve health during the pandemic, and different approaches to implement for future closures. Citizen scientists developed a set of recommendations, including the need for structured communication, reflection meetings, adequate funding, and external monitoring and evaluation to guide evidence-based safe school policies and practices during the pandemic.</p>
</abstract>
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Kannan
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, 2155 College Ave, Regina, SK S4P 4V5, Canada
| | - Jasmin Bhawra
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, 101 Diefenbaker Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B8, Canada
| | - Pinal Patel
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, 2155 College Ave, Regina, SK S4P 4V5, Canada
| | - Tarun Reddy Katapally
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B9, UK
- * Correspondence: ; Tel: +15196614249
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Benistand P, Vorilhon P, Laporte C, Bouillon-Minois JB, Brousse G, Bagheri R, Ugbolue UC, Baker JS, Flaudias V, Mulliez A, Dutheil F. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychotropic drug consumption. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1020023. [PMID: 36590615 PMCID: PMC9797694 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on mental health, there is no comprehensive longitudinal study of the entire population of a country without selection bias. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the prescription of psychotropic drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic, using data from the French national health data system (SNDS). DESIGN SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS Prescriptions for psychotropic drugs (antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and antipsychotics) from 1 January 2015 to 30 September 2021 were collected from administrative data provided by the SNDS. This database includes more than 99% of the French population, i.e., 67 million people. The data were analyzed using an interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) model. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Consumption of psychotropic drugs was aggregated in months and expressed in number of boxes per thousand inhabitants. RESULTS During the study period, more than 1.3 billion boxes of psychotropic medications were dispensed. Comparison of psychotropic drug dispensing before and after the pandemic showed a relative increase of 0.76 (95 CI 0.57 to 0.95, p<0.001) boxes per month per thousand inhabitants, all classes of psychotropic drugs combined. Three classes saw their consumption increase in an almost similar proportion, respectively, by 0.23 (0.15 to 0.32, p<0.001) boxes for antidepressants, 0.27 (0.20 to 0.34, p<0.001) boxes for anxiolytics and 0.23 (0.17 to 0.30, p<0.001) boxes for hypnotics. The change in antipsychotic consumption was very small, with an increase of 0.04 boxes (0.02 to 0.06, p = 0.001) per month per thousand population. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE The COVID-19 pandemic had led to an increase in the consumption of psychotropic drugs, confirming the significant impact of the pandemic on the mental health of the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Benistand
- Département de Médecine Générale, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Vorilhon
- Research Unit AutomédiCation aCcompagnement Pluriprofessionnel PatienT (ACCePPT), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Laporte
- Clermont Auvergne INP, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LaPSCo), Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, WittyFit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- Clermont Auvergne INP, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ukadike Chris Ugbolue
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Julien S Baker
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Aurélien Mulliez
- Direction de la Recherche Clinique et Innovations Biostatistics, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LaPSCo), Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, WittyFit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Applications of machine learning for COVID-19 misinformation: a systematic review. SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS AND MINING 2022; 12:94. [PMID: 35919516 PMCID: PMC9336132 DOI: 10.1007/s13278-022-00921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The inflammable growth of misinformation on social media and other platforms during pandemic situations like COVID-19 can cause significant damage to the physical and mental stability of the people. To detect such misinformation, researchers have been applying various machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques. The objective of this study is to systematically review, assess, and synthesize state-of-the-art research articles that have used different ML and DL techniques to detect COVID-19 misinformation. A structured literature search was conducted in the relevant bibliographic databases to ensure that the survey was solely centered on reproducible and high-quality research. We reviewed 43 papers that fulfilled our inclusion criteria out of 260 articles found from our keyword search. We have surveyed a complete pipeline of COVID-19 misinformation detection. In particular, we have identified various COVID-19 misinformation datasets and reviewed different data processing, feature extraction, and classification techniques to detect COVID-19 misinformation. In the end, the challenges and limitations in detecting COVID-19 misinformation using ML techniques and the future research directions are discussed.
Collapse
|
128
|
Mubeen R, Han D, Abbas J, Álvarez-Otero S, Sial MS. The Relationship Between CEO Duality and Business Firms' Performance: The Moderating Role of Firm Size and Corporate Social Responsibility. Front Psychol 2021; 12:669715. [PMID: 35035363 PMCID: PMC8757377 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.669715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on exploring the relationship between chief executive officer (CEO) duality and firm performance. We focus on how the size and corporate social responsibility (CSR) of firms moderate this relationship. In terms of size, business organizations are of two types: small and large firms. This study uses datasets of listed Chinese business firms included in the China Stock Market and Accounting Research database. It employs a generalized method of moment's technique to explore the connection between CEO duality and the performance of Chinese business firms through double mediation effects. Our empirical analysis showed that CEO duality has a significant negative relationship with firm performance. We also explored the moderating effects of firm size (small and large) and CSR practices on the relationship between CEO duality and improved performance of Chinese firms. Large firms and CSR practices showed significant and positive moderating effects on the relationship between CEO duality and firm performance. Conversely, with CEO duality, small firms showed a negative moderating influence on firm performance. This inclusive model provides valuable insights into how the dual role of the CEO of a firm affected the performance of Chinese firms through the moderating role of CSR practices and firm size for better business performance. The study offers empirical and theoretical contributions to the corporate governance literature. This research framework might help researchers in designing robust strategies to evaluate the effects on firm performance. Researchers may gain helpful insights using this methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riaqa Mubeen
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, China
| | - Dongping Han
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, China
| | - Jaffar Abbas
- Antai College of Economics and Management (ACEM), School of Media and Communication (SMC), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai, China
| | - Susana Álvarez-Otero
- Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Muhammad Safdar Sial
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Dai C, Li S, Duan Y, Leong KH, Tu Y, Zhou L. Human health risk assessment of selected pharmaceuticals in the five major river basins, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149730. [PMID: 34467938 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals in aquatic environment have raised wide attention in recent years due to their potential adverse effects and bioaccumulation in biota. China has been a major producer and consumer of pharmaceuticals, however, the potential human health risk of these chemicals is yet to be determined in China. In this study, we evaluated available exposure data for twenty pharmaceuticals in surface waters from Chinese five major river basins (the Yangtze, Haihe, Pearl, Songliao, and Yellow River Basins), and human health risk assessment was performed. Based on the concentration data and risk data, we conducted research on the source, cause, and control measures of the pharmaceuticals. The twenty pharmaceuticals were found to be ubiquitous in China with median concentrations between 0.09 and 304 ng/L. The estimated daily intake of pharmaceuticals from drinking water and eating fish was calculated. The intake via drinking water was significantly lower than that via eating fish. The risk quotients via water intake and fish consumption ranged from 0 to 17.2, with estrogen and sulfapyridine highest among the twenty pharmaceuticals. High risks of exposure were mainly in North China, including the Haihe and Songliao River Basins. This is the first analysis in Chinese major river basins that has filled the gaps in the research on the human health risks of pharmaceuticals. The results of the study provide basic information of pharmaceutical intake from drinking water and eating fish in China and provide insights into the risk management guidance of pharmaceuticals, and will facilitate the optimization of health advisories and policy making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaomeng Dai
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Si Li
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yanping Duan
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China; Yangtze Delta Wetland Ecosystem National Filed Scientific Observation and Research Station, PR China.
| | - Kah Hon Leong
- Univ Tunku Abdul Rahman, Fac Engn & Green Technol, Dept Environm Engn, Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yaojen Tu
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China; Yangtze Delta Wetland Ecosystem National Filed Scientific Observation and Research Station, PR China
| | - Lang Zhou
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop C1786, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Kiedrzyńska E, Belka K, Jarosiewicz P, Kiedrzyński M, Zalewski M. The enhancement of valley water retentiveness in climate change conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149427. [PMID: 34426328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
River system retentiveness must be enhanced to increase multidimensional environmental sustainability and thus ameliorate the effects of climate change and the occurrence of extreme hydrological events. The aim of the article is to demonstrate how ecohydrological Nature-Based Solutions can be combined with conventional infrastructure to improve WBSRCE benefits (Water, Biodiversity, ecosystem Services, Resilience, Culture, Education) by taking a holistic approach to multifunctional reservoir design. The paper proposes a new form of lateral reservoir, which is built without disturbing the meandering river and is supplied with good quality water through a monitoring and regulatory system; its design is based on thorough analysis of hydrological pulses and suspended matter and nutrients fluxes. The regulatory system also includes an innovative Sequential Sedimentation and Biofiltration System. Lateral reservoirs increase water retentiveness in the river valley by lifting ground water level and restoring surrounding wetlands, thus enhancing biodiversity, ecosystem services for society and the resilience of the river system to climate change. An integrative understanding of the interplay between hydrology and biocenosis can be used to enhance river system sustainability potential (WBSR) and harmonise societal needs with biosphere sustainability through culture and education (CE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Kiedrzyńska
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364 Lodz, Poland; University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Kamila Belka
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Jarosiewicz
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364 Lodz, Poland; University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Kiedrzyński
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biogeography, Paleoecology and Nature Conservation, Banacha 1/3, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Zalewski
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364 Lodz, Poland; University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Wang J, Teng Y, Chen Z, Bai J, Niu Y, Duan H. Assessment of carbon emissions of building interior decoration and renovation waste disposal in the fast-growing Greater Bay Area, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149158. [PMID: 34315056 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Continuing urbanization and significant improvement of lifestyle have ushered in high demand for building floor area, inevitably leading to a rapid increase of interior decoration and renovation activities, which in turn produce a massive quantity of decoration and renovation waste (DRW). However, like many other countries with unremitting demand for building space and infrastructure, China has failed to attach adequate attention to DRW management. Using the yield-per-area method and life cycle assessment approach, this study aims to characterize the generation, flows, management and environmental impacts of DRW from commercial housing in nine cities in the Greater Bay Area (GBA), a highly developed economic zone in China. The results show that the production of DRW in the GBA increased from 0.16 million metric tons (Mt) in 1999 to 2.6 (±10%) Mt in 2018, with an annual growth rate of 16%. Ninety-five percent of the DRW is directly disposed of via simple landfilling. Although the recycling rate is relatively low, it still generated a benefit of 119,000 tons CO2eq mitigation in 2018. According to scenario-based analysis, improving the recycling rate and encouraging the use of prefabricated decoration could go a long way toward tackling the DRW problem. These findings can help reveal the full impacts of DRW in the GBA, and also provide a reference for other cities to take action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- College of Civil & Transportation Engineering, Underground Polis Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yue Teng
- College of Civil & Transportation Engineering, Underground Polis Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- College of Civil & Transportation Engineering, Underground Polis Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Civil & Transportation Engineering, Underground Polis Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yongning Niu
- College of Civil & Transportation Engineering, Underground Polis Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Huabo Duan
- College of Civil & Transportation Engineering, Underground Polis Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Crisis management, transnational healthcare challenges and opportunities: The intersection of COVID-19 pandemic and global mental health. RESEARCH IN GLOBALIZATION 2021; 3. [PMCID: PMC7899923 DOI: 10.1016/j.resglo.2021.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The existing literature has paid insufficient attention to crisis management of global health challenges in the advent of epidemics and pandemics. This study articulates resilience importance and opportunities in the COVID-19 from crisis management challenges in essential ways. The second wave of the COVID-19 infectious disease's rapid global spread has developed a severe threat to global peace, which has posed global mental health and crisis management issues worldwide. Public health implementations' aggressive actions recommended a series of precautionary safety measures by the health specialists to suppress, sustain, and manage the local transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores adverse consequences of the COVID-19 on communities' behavioral and interventional changes that might specify transmission dynamics. This present study recommends two model strategies that help sustain the rapid transmission and COVID-19′s adverse impacts on mental health in the general population and patients needing treatment. This study proposes mitigation and suppression models in the absence of a vaccine to decrease and manage the healthcare systems' burdens of treating patients. This global health emergency has challenged the global healthcare systems worldwide, and Governments are struggling to upgrade the healthcare systems to provide the best possible healthcare facilities to the patients. The healthcare systems in Pakistan are undeveloped to manage this global health emergency efficiently. Scientists' have already initiated experimental trials worldwide to develop vaccines to treat this infectious disease; however, the proposed two models are useful in managing the health emergency in the present situation. This study discusses global healthcare challenges, crisis management, and two model interventional strategies that help minimize the COVID-19′s rapid spread with practical crisis management preventive measures to reduce burden on healthcare systems.
Collapse
|
133
|
Luo L, Ni J, Zhou M, Wang C, Wen W, Jiang J, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Wang M, Wang W. Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Reported Practices Among Medical Staff in China Before, During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthc Policy 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s339274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
134
|
Su Z, Meyer K, Li Y, McDonnell D, Joseph NM, Li X, Du Y, Advani S, Cheshmehzangi A, Ahmad J, da Veiga CP, Chung RYN, Wang J, Hao X. Technology-based interventions for nursing home residents: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e056142. [PMID: 34853115 PMCID: PMC8638465 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A growing number of technology-based interventions are used to support the health and quality of life of nursing home residents. The onset of COVID-19 and recommended social distancing policies that followed led to an increased interest in technology-based solutions to provide healthcare and promote health. Yet, there are no comprehensive resources on technology-based healthcare solutions that describe their efficacy for nursing home residents. This systematic review will identify technology-based interventions designed for nursing home residents and describe the characteristics and effects of these interventions concerning the distinctive traits of nursing home residents and nursing facilities. Additionally, this paper will present practical insights into the varying intervention approaches that can assist in the delivery of broad digital health solutions for nursing home residents amid and beyond the impact of COVID-19. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Databases including the PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Scopus will be used to identify articles related to technology-based interventions for nursing home residents published between 1 January 2010 to 30 September 2021. Titles, abstracts and full-text papers will be reviewed against the eligibility criteria. The Cochrane Collaboration evaluation framework will be adopted to examine the risk of bias of the included study. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses procedures will be followed for the reporting process and implications for existing interventions and research evaluated by a multidisciplinary research team. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As the study is a protocol for a systematic review, ethical approval is not required. The study findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD 42020191880.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Su
- School of Nursing, Center on Smart and Connected Health Technologies, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kylie Meyer
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Health Services Research & Policy (HSRP) PhD & MS Programs; Director of Research, Division of Health Policy and Outcomes Research (HPOR); Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Dean McDonnell
- Department of Humanities, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Nitha Mathew Joseph
- Department of Under Graduate Studies, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoshan Li
- Program of Public Relations and Advertising, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Du
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Shailesh Advani
- Terasaki Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ali Cheshmehzangi
- Architecture and Urban Design, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junaid Ahmad
- Department of Public Health, Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Roger Yat-Nork Chung
- School of Public Health & Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine (RY-NC) and Institute of Health Equity (RY-NC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaoning Hao
- Director of Division, Division of Health Security Research, China National Health Development Research Center, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Na J, Kim N, Suk HW, Choi E, Choi JA, Kim JH, Kim S, Choi I. Individualism-collectivism during the COVID-19 pandemic: A field study testing the pathogen stress hypothesis of individualism-collectivism in Korea. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 183:111127. [PMID: 36569789 PMCID: PMC9757850 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pathogen stress hypothesis posits that pathogen-related threats influence regional and individual differences in collectivism since behavioral practices associated with collectivism limit the spread of infectious diseases. In support of the hypothesis, previous research demonstrates the association between individualism/collectivism and pathogen stress based on historical records or experimental manipulation. However, it is still unclear whether individuals would indeed value collectivism during the outbreak of infectious diseases. Thus, we investigated the concurrent effects of pathogen-related stress on the endorsement of individualism/collectivism by examining 9322 Koreans for 14 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed that the level of collectivism among respondents were higher after than before the COVID-19 outbreak. Moreover, the average level of collectivism on a given day showed a significant association with the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases on the same day during the outbreak. Interestingly, individualism did not significantly change for the same period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyung Na
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Kim
- Center for Happiness Studies, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Suk
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Choi
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong An Choi
- Department of Psychology, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kim
- Center for Happiness Studies, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Soolim Kim
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Choi
- Center for Happiness Studies, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea,Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author at: Center for Happiness Studies, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Agrawal S, Dróżdż M, Makuch S, Pietraszek A, Sobieszczańska M, Mazur G. The Assessment of Fear of COVID-19 among the Elderly Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235537. [PMID: 34884241 PMCID: PMC8658105 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevailing COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected the mental health and well-being of individuals. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the perceived fear of COVID-19 among older adults in Poland and identify subpopulations with the highest risk of potential mental health disorders. The study was conducted in November–December 2020 on 500 people aged ≥60 years (mean M = 67.9, standard deviation SD = 4.2). In order to collect information on participants’ characteristics and COVID-19-related information, they were asked to complete a questionnaire based on recorded telephone calls. Perceived fear of COVID-19 was measured using Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), which ranges from 7 to 35. Multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors associated with the perceived fear of COVID-19. Our results showed that the highest level of fear of COVID-19 infection was observed among women (p = 0.025) and patients taking anticoagulants (p = 0.004). Moreover, older adults with higher anxiety levels were more likely to be fearful of COVID-19 (according to the GAS-10 scale; p < 0.001). These findings may help policy makers and healthcare workers to adapt and implement better mental health strategies to help the elderly fight fear and anxiety during the prevailing pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddarth Agrawal
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska St. 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-736-40-00; Fax: +48-71-736-40-09
| | - Mateusz Dróżdż
- Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Makuch
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, K. Marcinkowskiego St. 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Alicja Pietraszek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska St. 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Sobieszczańska
- Department of Geriatrics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie St. 66, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska St. 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.); (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Su Z. Rigorous Policy-Making Amid COVID-19 and Beyond: Literature Review and Critical Insights. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12447. [PMID: 34886171 PMCID: PMC8657108 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Policies shape society. Public health policies are of particular importance, as they often dictate matters in life and death. Accumulating evidence indicates that good-intentioned COVID-19 policies, such as shelter-in-place measures, can often result in unintended consequences among vulnerable populations such as nursing home residents and domestic violence victims. Thus, to shed light on the issue, this study aimed to identify policy-making processes that have the potential of developing policies that could induce optimal desirable outcomes with limited to no unintended consequences amid the pandemic and beyond. Methods: A literature review was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus to answer the research question. To better structure the review and the subsequent analysis, theoretical frameworks such as the social ecological model were adopted to guide the process. Results: The findings suggested that: (1) people-centered; (2) artificial intelligence (AI)-powered; (3) data-driven, and (4) supervision-enhanced policy-making processes could help society develop policies that have the potential to yield desirable outcomes with limited unintended consequences. To leverage these strategies' interconnectedness, the people-centered, AI-powered, data-driven, and supervision-enhanced (PADS) model of policy making was subsequently developed. Conclusions: The PADS model can develop policies that have the potential to induce optimal outcomes and limit or eliminate unintended consequences amid COVID-19 and beyond. Rather than serving as a definitive answer to problematic COVID-19 policy-making practices, the PADS model could be best understood as one of many promising frameworks that could bring the pandemic policy-making process more in line with the interests of societies at large; in other words, more cost-effectively, and consistently anti-COVID and pro-human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Su
- Center on Smart and Connected Health Technologies, Mays Cancer Center, School of Nursing, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Chun HR, Yoon K, Kim H, Cheon E, Ha J, Tak S, Cho SI. Generic Logic Model for Coronavirus Disease-2019 Responses Based on the South Korean Experience. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:4765-4774. [PMID: 34858073 PMCID: PMC8630429 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s336425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, many countries have implemented public health policies, such as lockdowns and physical distancing measures, to prevent its spread. South Korea's response to COVID-19, which prevented an increase in confirmed cases and increased resilience, has been considered very effective. PURPOSE To analyze Korea's response to COVID-19 in 2020 and develop a logic model to evaluate performance effectiveness in follow-up studies. METHODS By content analysis of Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) press releases, we defined the problems and identified the causes of the health and social effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. Next, we created a problem tree and developed a logic model that comprised inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impacts. Finally, we held expert consultations to obtain expert opinions regarding the logic model and to ensure the model's validity. RESULTS South Korea's COVID-19 response policy mitigated the social and health impacts. The 2020 COVID-19 responses had four outcomes (identifying cases on time, preventing transmission of coronavirus infection, effective treatment of COVID-19 cases, protecting public resilience and well-being) and 12 outputs; South Korea conducted 32 activities. CONCLUSION The results can be a practical reference for managing problems faced in other countries. Korean policy may be of interest in the future for international decision-makers in charge of policy enforcement and those who may be called on to respond to new infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-ryoung Chun
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhyun Yoon
- Institute of Health & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsil Cheon
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Ha
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Tak
- Institute of Health & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-il Cho
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Zhuang W, Wu Q, Jiang M, Ichiro N, Zhang T, Yu X. Game Analysis on Epidemic Prevention and Resuming Production: Based on China's Experience With COVID-19. Front Psychol 2021; 12:747465. [PMID: 34867632 PMCID: PMC8635691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.747465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, it became urgent to deal with the relationship between the prevention and control of the epidemic and the resumption of work and production. The purpose of this study is to observe and describe which approach seemed more important for the Chinese government and people, and how this trend evolved through time. To this end, a game model of resuming production and preventing the epidemic is constructed, using the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS). By combing China's measures on epidemic prevention and resuming production during critical periods of epidemic outbreak, it is clarified that the present stage is considered a period of equal emphasis on both epidemic prevention and resuming production. Based on the dynamic between these two strategies and further theoretical research, present policies should equally focus on both preventive and controlling measures as well as on the socioeconomic development for most countries in the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Zhuang
- School of Internet Economics and Business, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, China
- Research Center for “One Belt and One Road” Economic and Policy, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Transportation, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- School of Internet Economics and Business, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nakamoto Ichiro
- School of Internet Economics and Business, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingyi Zhang
- School of Transportation, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Yu
- School of Management, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Saifuzzaman M, Rahman MM, Shetu SF, Moon NN. COVID-19 and Bangladesh: Situation report, comparative analysis, and case study. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100034. [PMID: 38620744 PMCID: PMC8055499 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes different aspects of COVID-19 in Bangladesh and other countries with visualization and infographic images containing the virus's spreading, other information from the statistical format, and some case studies based on various important fields for a country educational, economic, etc. Firstly, literature review section this paper on COVID-19 related works and its type with previous virus transmission reports and its effect. Secondly, completing work describes through algorithms and methodology diagram, which contains the overall data analytics process, including data wrangling. In this phase, the total working procedure to complete further process. Thirdly, a complete situation report analysis on Bangladesh by infographics through dataset containing every perspective of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Comparative analysis with other top infected countries visualizes through the Data Visualization process and statistical analytics and case studies based on various impacts of lockdown on Bangladesh. Finally, a discussion presents the statistical summarization of COVID-19 in Bangladesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Saifuzzaman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mosfikur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh
| | - Syeda Farjana Shetu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmun Nessa Moon
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Abbas J, Mubeen R, Iorember PT, Raza S, Mamirkulova G. Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on tourism: transformational potential and implications for a sustainable recovery of the travel and leisure industry. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100033. [PMID: 38620720 PMCID: PMC8690843 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study stipulates phases to observe the proposed mechanism in formulating the travel and leisure industry's recovery strategies. The present pandemic COVID-19 has resulted in global challenges, economic and healthcare crises, and posed spillover impacts on the global industries, including tourism and travel that the major contributor to the service industry worldwide. The tourism and leisure industry has faced the COVID-19 tourism impacts hardest-hit and lies among the most damaged global industries. The leisure and internal tourism indicated a steep decline amounting to 2.86 trillion US dollars, which quantified more than 50% revenue losses. In the first step, the study explores the consequences and settings of the COVID-19 pandemic and how innovation and change can contribute to the tourism industry's revival to the next normal. Thus, the study determines that tourism enterprises and scholars must consider and change the basic principles, main assumptions, and organizational situations related to research and practice framework through rebuilding and establishing the tourism sector. In the second step, the study discusses direct COVID-19 tourism impacts, attitudes, and practices in gaining the leisure industry's boom and recovery. In the third phase, the study proposes to observe the characteristics and COVID-19 tourism consequences on the travel and tourism research. The findings provide insights in regaining the tourism industry's operational activities and offer helpful suggestions to government officials, scholars, and tourism firms to reinvest in the tourism industry to set it back to a normal position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar Abbas
- Antai College of Economics and Management (ACM), and School of Media and Communication (SMC), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) - No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Postcode 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Riaqa Mubeen
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No. 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Postcode 150001 Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Paul Terhemba Iorember
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Saqlain Raza
- Faculty of Management Sciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Gulnara Mamirkulova
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No. 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Postcode 150001 Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Joaquim RM, Guatimosim RF, Araújo RJDS, Nardi AE, Veras AB, Alves VDM. Vulnerability biomarkers for mental illness and suicide risk: Regards for the development of pharmacological and psychological therapies. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
143
|
Experiences of Polish Tourists Traveling for Leisure Purposes during the COVID-19 Pandemic. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132111919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The research presented in this paper examines the experiences of Poles traveling for leisure purposes in the summer season of 2020, taking into account the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved the analysis of source data, including statistical data, and a survey administered via the computer-assisted web interviewing (CAWI) method. The survey questionnaire was created on the Google platform. The link to the questionnaire was provided via social media to participants of travel groups in the period from 30 November 2020 to 15 February 2021. The sampling was purposive (included only travelers) despite efforts to maintain the gender balance; the proportion of women was higher. Therefore, caution must be applied when interpreting the results which may not be transferable. The survey included questions regarding the respondents’ travel behavior and risk perceptions. 433 correctly completed questionnaires were collected. The dataset was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Descriptive statistics measures and correlation coefficients were used in the analysis of the results. The study shows that some respondents decided against traveling because of the pandemic situation, while those who decided to travel adjusted their behavior by avoiding crowded places and resigning from traveling abroad. Compliance with hygiene standards in the area of tourism services varied, and was the highest in the case of accommodation services. Women rated hygiene standards in chain cafes statistically higher than men and younger people rated hygiene on public transport, trains, air transport and in fast food services higher than older people. The higher the tourism expenditure, the lower the assessment of sanitary standards in tour guide services, air transport and chain cafes decreased.
Collapse
|
144
|
Barbieri B, Balia S, Sulis I, Cois E, Cabras C, Atzara S, De Simone S. Don't Call It Smart: Working From Home During the Pandemic Crisis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:741585. [PMID: 34659060 PMCID: PMC8515044 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.741585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic and related social distancing measures have significantly changed worldwide employment conditions. In developed economies, institutions and organizations, both public and private, are called upon to reflect on new organizational models of work and human resource management, which - in fact - should offer workers sufficient flexibility in adapting their work schedules remotely to their personal (and family) needs. This study aims to explore, within a Job Demands-Resources framework, whether and to what extent job demands (workload and social isolation), organizational job resources (perceived organizational support), and personal resources (self-efficacy, vision about the future and commitment to organizational change) have affected workers’ quality of life during the pandemic, taking into account the potential mediating role of job satisfaction and perceived stress. Using data from a sample of 293 workers, we estimate measurement and structural models, according to the Item Response Theory and the Path analysis frameworks, which allow us to operationalize the latent traits and study the complex structure of relationships between the latent dimensions. We inserted in the model as control variables, the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the respondents, with particular emphasis on gender differences and the presence and age of children. The study offers insights into the relationship between remote work and quality of life, and the need to rethink human resource management policies considering the opportunities and critical issues highlighted by working full-time remotely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Barbieri
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia Balia
- Department of Economics and Business, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Isabella Sulis
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ester Cois
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Cabras
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology and Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sara Atzara
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology and Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia De Simone
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology and Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Huang T, Ding M, Gao Z, Téllez RD. Check dam storage capacity calculation based on high-resolution topogrammetry: Case study of the Cutou Gully, Wenchuan County, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148083. [PMID: 34091330 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Debris flows are a common natural trigger of disasters in mountainous areas, and check dams are standard structural measures for controlling debris flows. Despite their prevalence in debris flow-prone areas worldwide, the capacity of check dams is still calculated using empirical formulas, which lead to large calculation errors. This paper proposes a new method that uses GIS to calculating the design storage capacity of a check dam in the debris flow-prone Cutou Gully in Wenchuan County, China. Large-scale digital surface models derived from unmanned aerial vehicle imagery and ground surveys identify local topographic changes in the debris flow path and develop appropriate maintenance plans for check dams. The measured storage capacity of the check dam is determined by analyzing the DEM differences. This study uses the newly proposed method to calculate the design storage capacity of the check dam. The accuracy of the calculation results was evaluated using the checkpoint method, and the results showed that the design and measured siltation surface errors ranged from -1.16-2.96 m, with a root mean square error of 0.93 m. The design capacity of the check dam is 33.6× 104 m3, and the actual capacity is 36.7× 104 m3, with an absolute error of 3.1× 104 m3 and relative error of 8.6%. The results prove the validity of the proposed calculation method; moreover, this study shows that the new method is accurate, easy to operate, and highly efficient for visualizing the spatial distribution of the siltation depth behind the check dam. This work will help improve future engineering decisions, design strategies, and find optimal design solutions to minimize the risk of debris flow hazards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Mingtao Ding
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Zemin Gao
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Ricardo Delgado Téllez
- Environmental Mountain Office, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment of Cuba, Guantánamo, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Wang Z, Cai L, Chen Y, Li H, Jia H. The Teaching Design Methods Under Educational Psychology Based on Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence. Front Psychol 2021; 12:711489. [PMID: 34671295 PMCID: PMC8521177 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.711489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the practical application value of the teaching method under the guidance of educational psychology and artificial intelligence (AI) design, taking the deep learning theory as the basis of teaching design. The research objects of this study involve all the teachers, students, and students' parents of Ningbo Middle School. The questionnaires are developed to survey the changes in the performance of students before and after the implementation of the teaching design and the satisfaction of all teachers, students, and parents to different teaching methods by comparing the two results and the satisfaction ratings. All objects in this study volunteer to participate in the questionnaire survey. The results suggest the following: (1) the effective return rates of the questionnaires to teachers, students, and parents are 97, 99, and 95%, respectively, before implementation; whereas those after implementation are 98, 99, and 99%, respectively. Comparison of the two return results suggests that there was no significant difference statistically (P > 0.05). (2) Proportion of scoring results before and after implementation is given as follows: the proportions of levels A, B, C, and D are 35, 40, 15, and 10% before implementation, respectively; while those after implementation are 47, 36, 12, and 5%, respectively. After the implementation, the proportion of level A is obviously higher than that before the implementation, and the proportions of other levels decreased in contrast to those before the implementation, showing statistically obvious differences (P < 0.05). (3) The change in the performance of each subject after 1 year implementation is significantly higher than that before the implementation, and the change in the average performance of each subject shows an upward trend. In summary, (1) the comparison on the effective return rate of the satisfaction survey questionnaire proves the feasibility of its scoring results. (2) The comparison of the survey scoring results shows that people are more satisfied with the new educational design teaching method. (3) The comparison of the change in the performance of each subject before and after the implementation indirectly reflects the drawbacks of partial subject education, indicating that the school should pay the same equal attention to every subject. (4) Due to various objective and subjective factors, the results of this study may be different from the actual situation slightly, and its accuracy has to be further explored in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Wang
- Pan Tianshou College of Architecture, Art and Design, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lin Cai
- School of Humanities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahan Chen
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongming Li
- College of Elementary Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanze Jia
- The College of Foreign Languages, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Coronavirus-related anxiety and fear among South African diagnostic radiographers working in the clinical setting during the pandemic. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2021; 52:586-594. [PMID: 34649816 PMCID: PMC8486620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The current coronavirus pandemic has impacted the healthcare sector significantly. Policies and practices had to be amended to ensure maximum safety for both patients and healthcare professionals, including radiographers. This led to negative impacts on the occupational wellbeing and mental health of radiographers. Purpose The aim of this study was to fill the gap in knowledge about coronavirus-related anxiety and fear among diagnostic radiographers across South Africa in order to inform policy and practice so as to mitigate the negative influence the coronavirus pandemic conditions has on the occupational wellbeing of diagnostic radiographers working on the frontline. Methodology A quantitative, descriptive research design, using a cross-sectional approach, was employed. Two-hundred and forty-eight (n=248) South African diagnostic radiographers working in the clinical setting during the current coronavirus pandemic were recruited through social media. Data pertaining to their coronavirus-related anxiety and fear were collected through a digital questionnaire comprising three parts: demographics, coronavirus anxiety scale (CAS), and fear of coronavirus-19 scale (FCV-19S). Results Most of the participants’ coronavirus anxiety scale scores are indicative of probable dysfunctional anxiety (69.8%). The participants had higher levels of coronavirus-related fear compared to anxiety. Anxiety levels were dependent on biological sex. For all other demographic variables anxiety and fear levels were independent. Conclusion Support strategies should be implemented to mitigate the negative impacts of a pandemic such as the coronavirus pandemic on the occupational wellbeing and mental health of diagnostic radiographers. More research in this area is recommended to inform future policy and workforce development as well as practice amendments.
Collapse
|
148
|
Rovetta A, Castaldo L. Influence of Mass Media on Italian Web Users During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infodemiological Analysis. JMIRX MED 2021; 2:e32233. [PMID: 34842858 PMCID: PMC8601032 DOI: 10.2196/32233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concurrently with the COVID-19 pandemic, the world has been facing a growing infodemic, which has caused severe damage to economic and health systems and has often compromised the effectiveness of infection containment regulations. Although this infodemic has spread mainly through social media, there are numerous occasions on which mass media outlets have shared dangerous information, giving resonance to statements without a scientific basis. For these reasons, infoveillance and infodemiology methods are increasingly exploited to monitor information traffic on the web and make epidemiological predictions. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of Italian mass media on users' web searches to understand the role of press and television channels in both the infodemic and the interest of Italian netizens in COVID-19. METHODS We collected the headlines published from January 2020 to March 2021 containing specific COVID-19-related keywords published on PubMed, Google, the Italian Ministry of Health website, and the most-read newspapers in Italy. We evaluated the percentages of infodemic terms on these platforms. Through Google Trends, we searched for cross-correlations between newspaper headlines and COVID-19-related web searches. Finally, we analyzed the web interest in infodemic content posted on YouTube. RESULTS During the first wave of COVID-19, the Italian press preferred to draw on infodemic terms (rate of adoption: 1.6%-6.3%) and moderately infodemic terms (rate of adoption: 88%-94%), while scientific sources favored the correct names (rate of adoption: 65%-88%). The correlational analysis showed that the press heavily influenced users in adopting terms to identify the novel coronavirus (cross-correlations of ≥0.74 to ≤0.89, P value <.001; maximum lag=1 day). The use of scientific denominations by the press reached acceptable values only during the third wave (approximately 80%, except for the television services Rai and Mediaset). Web queries about COVID-19 symptoms also appeared to be influenced by the press (best average correlation=0.92, P<.007). Furthermore, web users showed pronounced interest in YouTube videos of an infodemic nature. Finally, the press gave resonance to serious "fake news" on COVID-19, which caused pronounced spikes of interest from web users. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the Italian mass media have played a decisive role in spreading the COVID-19 infodemic and addressing netizens' web interest, thus favoring the adoption of terms that are unsuitable for identifying COVID-19. Therefore, the directors of news channels and newspapers should be more cautious, and government dissemination agencies should exert more control over such news stories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Castaldo
- Research and Disclosure Division Mensana srls Brescia Italy
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Young adults' preferences for influenza vaccination campaign messages: Implications for COVID-19 vaccine intervention design and development. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 14:100261. [PMID: 34589767 PMCID: PMC8474560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health campaign interventions, particularly those tailored to the target audience's needs and preferences, can cost-effectively change people's attitudes and behaviors towards better health decision-making. However, there is limited research on how to best tailor seasonal influenza vaccination campaigns for young adults. Vaccination is vital in protecting young adults and their social circles (vulnerable populations like older adults) from the influenza virus and critical in shaping these emerging adults' vaccination habits in the long run. However, amid the prevalence of easily-accessible, attention-grabbing, and often malicious false and misinformation (e.g., COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy theories), it may be more challenging to develop vaccination messages that resonate with young adults well enough to attract their attention. Therefore, to bridge the research gap, this study examines young adults' preferences for seasonal influenza vaccination campaigns to inform effective intervention design and development. Methods Qualitative survey questions were developed to gauge young adults' preferences for seasonal influenza vaccination campaigns. A total of 545 young adults (73.9% female, Mage = 19.89, SD = 1.44) from a large University offered complete answers to a cross-sectional online survey. Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis procedures were adopted to guide the data analysis process. Results Thematic analysis revealed that young adults prefer seasonal influenza vaccination campaigns that rely on (1) quality and balanced information from (2) credible information sources, positioned in the (3) relevant health contexts, (4) emphasize actionable messages, and incorporate (5) persuasive campaign design. Interestingly, while many participants underscored the importance of fear-appeal messages in persuading them to take health actions, some young adults also suggested avoiding fear campaigns due to discomfort. Conclusions Insights of the study can inform seasonal influenza vaccination design and development, and have the potential to shed light on vaccination messaging in other vaccine contexts, such as COVID-19 vaccines. Results also underscore the need for health experts and government officials to adopt a more nuanced approach when selecting persuasive campaign appeals. While some young adults may resonate well with fear appeals, others may not. Future research could examine the underlying mechanisms that drive young adults' preference for vaccination campaign intervention to enrich the literature further.
Collapse
|
150
|
Rovetta A, Castaldo L. Influence of Mass Media on Italian Web Users During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infodemiological Analysis. JMIRX MED 2021. [PMID: 34842858 DOI: 10.2196/34138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concurrently with the COVID-19 pandemic, the world has been facing a growing infodemic, which has caused severe damage to economic and health systems and has often compromised the effectiveness of infection containment regulations. Although this infodemic has spread mainly through social media, there are numerous occasions on which mass media outlets have shared dangerous information, giving resonance to statements without a scientific basis. For these reasons, infoveillance and infodemiology methods are increasingly exploited to monitor information traffic on the web and make epidemiological predictions. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of Italian mass media on users' web searches to understand the role of press and television channels in both the infodemic and the interest of Italian netizens in COVID-19. METHODS We collected the headlines published from January 2020 to March 2021 containing specific COVID-19-related keywords published on PubMed, Google, the Italian Ministry of Health website, and the most-read newspapers in Italy. We evaluated the percentages of infodemic terms on these platforms. Through Google Trends, we searched for cross-correlations between newspaper headlines and COVID-19-related web searches. Finally, we analyzed the web interest in infodemic content posted on YouTube. RESULTS During the first wave of COVID-19, the Italian press preferred to draw on infodemic terms (rate of adoption: 1.6%-6.3%) and moderately infodemic terms (rate of adoption: 88%-94%), while scientific sources favored the correct names (rate of adoption: 65%-88%). The correlational analysis showed that the press heavily influenced users in adopting terms to identify the novel coronavirus (cross-correlations of ≥0.74 to ≤0.89, P value <.001; maximum lag=1 day). The use of scientific denominations by the press reached acceptable values only during the third wave (approximately 80%, except for the television services Rai and Mediaset). Web queries about COVID-19 symptoms also appeared to be influenced by the press (best average correlation=0.92, P<.007). Furthermore, web users showed pronounced interest in YouTube videos of an infodemic nature. Finally, the press gave resonance to serious "fake news" on COVID-19, which caused pronounced spikes of interest from web users. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the Italian mass media have played a decisive role in spreading the COVID-19 infodemic and addressing netizens' web interest, thus favoring the adoption of terms that are unsuitable for identifying COVID-19. Therefore, the directors of news channels and newspapers should be more cautious, and government dissemination agencies should exert more control over such news stories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Castaldo
- Research and Disclosure Division Mensana srls Brescia Italy
| |
Collapse
|