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Acute hypotension attenuates brachial flow-mediated dilation in young healthy men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 120:161-169. [PMID: 31701274 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to test our hypothesis that acute hypotension attenuates brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) as an index of endothelial function in healthy humans. METHODS Twelve healthy men (21.8 ± 1.6 years, body mass index; 22.2 ± 1.6 kg/m2) participated in this study. Brachial FMD was measured in three trials: standardized FMD protocol (control trial), abrupt decrease in blood pressure (BP) via thigh cuff inflation-deflation (hypotension trial) and decrease in shear rate (SR) via a shortened forearm occlusion time (SR reduction trial). Brachial diameter and blood velocity were measured using Duplex ultrasound. RESULTS Mean arterial pressure during reactive hyperaemia showed a marked decrease in the hypotension trial (- 23.7 ± 6.0 mmHg), but not in the control and SR reduction trials. SR area under the curve was attenuated in the SR reduction trial (P < 0.001), but not in the control and hypotension trials (P = 0.316). Consequently, FMD was attenuated in the hypotension and SR reduction trials compared with that in the control trial (P = 0.003 and P = 0.043, respectively), and was attenuated to a greater extent in the hypotension trial compared with the SR reduction trial (P = 0.006; control, 6.9 ± 3.5%; hypotension, 3.5 ± 1.7%; SR reduction, 5.0 ± 2.2%). After adjusting FMD using SR, FMD remained attenuated in the hypotension trial (P = 0.014), but not in the SR reduction trial. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that arterial pressure as well as sympathetic nervous system activation could be an important determinant of FMD. Blunted FMD of peripheral arteries may be a rational response to restore BP and/or prevent further reduction of BP following acute hypotension in healthy humans.
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102
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Peng Z, Shu B, Zhang Y, Wang M. Endothelial Response to Pathophysiological Stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:e233-e243. [PMID: 31644356 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Located in the innermost layer of the vasculature and directly interacting with blood flow, endothelium integrates various biochemical and biomechanical signals to maintain barrier function with selective permeability, vascular tone, blood fluidity, and vascular formation. Endothelial cells respond to laminar and disturbed flow by structural and functional adaption, which involves reprogramming gene expression, cell proliferation and migration, senescence, autophagy and cell death, as well as synthesizing signal molecules (nitric oxide and prostanoids, etc) that act in manners of autocrine, paracrine, or juxtacrine. Inflammation occurs after infection or tissue injury. Dysregulated inflammatory response participates in pathogenesis of many diseases. Endothelial cells exposed to inflammatory stimuli from the circulation or the microenvironment exhibit impaired vascular tone, increased permeability, elevated procoagulant activity, and dysregulated vascular formation, collectively contributing to the development of vascular diseases. Understanding the endothelial response to pathophysiological stress of hemodynamics and inflammation provides mechanistic insights into cardiovascular diseases, as well as therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Peng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.P., B.S., Y.Z., M.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyan Shu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.P., B.S., Y.Z., M.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.P., B.S., Y.Z., M.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.P., B.S., Y.Z., M.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Clinical Pharmacology Center (M.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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103
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Matrone G, Thandavarayan RA, Walther BK, Meng S, Mojiri A, Cooke JP. Dysfunction of iPSC-derived endothelial cells in human Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2495-2508. [PMID: 31411525 PMCID: PMC6738911 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1651587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) succumb to myocardial infarction and stroke in their teen years. Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in more common forms of atherosclerosis. Endothelial pathobiology may contribute to HGPS, but a comprehensive characterization of endothelial function in HGPS has not been performed. iPSCs derived from fibroblasts of HGPS patients or unaffected relatives were differentiated into endothelial cells (ECs). Immunofluorescent signal of the pluripotent stem cell markers SSEA4, Oct4, Sox2 and TRAI-60 was similar in HGPS or control iPSCs. Following the differentiation, FACS analysis and immunocytochemistry for CD31 and CD144 revealed a smaller percentage of ECs from HGPS iPSCs. Immunostaining for Lamin A revealed nuclear dysmorphology in HGPS iPSC-ECs. Furthermore, these cells were significantly larger and rounded, and they proliferated less, features which are typical of senescent endothelial cells. HGPS iPSC-ECs manifested less Dil-Ac-LDL uptake; less DAF-2DA staining for nitric oxide generation and formed fewer networks in matrigel in vitro. In immunodeficient mice injected with iPSC-ECs, HGPS iPSC-ECs generated a sparser vascular network compared to the control, with reduced capillary number. Telomere length (T/S ratio) of HGPS iPSC-EC was reduced as assessed by mmqPCR. iPSC-ECs derived from HGPS patients have dysmorphic appearance, abnormal nuclear morphology, shortened telomeres, reduced replicative capacity and impaired functions in vitro and in vivo. Targeting the endothelial abnormality in patients with HGPS may provide a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of this condition. Abbreviations: HGPS: Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome; ZMPSTE24: Zinc metallopeptidase STE24; FTI: Farnesyltransferase inhibitors; VSMCs: Vascular smooth muscle cells; iPSC: Induced pluripotent stem cells; EC: Endothelial cells; hTERT: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; DAF-FM DA: 3-Amino, 4-aminomethyl-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate; BMP4: Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; mmqPCR: mono chrome multiplex PCR; SCG: single-copy gene; CSI: Cell shape index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Matrone
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rajarajan A Thandavarayan
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brandon K Walther
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shu Meng
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anahita Mojiri
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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104
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Xu SN, Chen X, Sun YT, Li GX. Peptic ulcer complicated with hypertension: Diagnosis, treatment, and changes in immunologic function. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27:1095-1099. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v27.i17.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcer (PU) and hypertension, known as two clinically common diseases, often develop simultaneously. This paper introduces the status quo of the diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive patients with PU, and also expounds the progress in the understanding of the changes in the mucosal immune function and cellular immune function, with an aim to shed some light on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PU with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Nan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Tian Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guo-Xiong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
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105
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Shields KL, Broxterman RM, Jarrett CL, Bisconti AV, Park SH, Richardson RS. The passive leg movement technique for assessing vascular function: defining the distribution of blood flow and the impact of occluding the lower leg. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1575-1584. [PMID: 31400019 DOI: 10.1113/ep087845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the distribution of the hyperaemic response to passive leg movement (PLM) in the common (CFA), deep (DFA) and superficial (SFA) femoral arteries? What is the impact of lower leg cuff-induced blood flow occlusion on this response? What is the main finding and its importance? Of the total blood that passed through the CFA, the majority was directed to the DFA and this was unaffected by cuffing. As a small fraction does pass through the SFA to the lower leg, cuffing during PLM should be considered to emphasize the thigh-specific hyperaemia. ABSTRACT It has yet to be quantified how passive leg movement (PLM)-induced hyperaemia, an index of vascular function, is distributed beyond the common femoral artery (CFA), into the deep femoral (DFA) and the superficial femoral (SFA) arteries, which supply blood to the thigh and lower leg, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of cuffing the lower leg, a common practice, especially with drug infusions during PLM, on the hyperaemic response is, also, unknown. Therefore, PLM was performed with and without cuff-induced blood flow (BF) occlusion to the lower leg in 10 healthy subjects, with BF assessed by Doppler ultrasound. In terms of BF distribution during PLM, of the 380 ± 191 ml of blood that passed through the CFA, 69 ± 8% was directed to the DFA, while only 31 ± 8% passed through the SFA. Cuff occlusion of the lower leg significantly attenuated the PLM-induced hyperaemia through the SFA (∼30%), which was reflected by a fall in BF through the CFA (∼20%), but not through the DFA. Additionally, cuff occlusion significantly attenuated the PLM-induced peak change in BF (BFΔpeak ) in the SFA (324 ± 159 to 214 ± 114 ml min-1 ), which was, again, reflected in the CFA (1019 ± 438 to 833 ± 476 ml min-1 ), but not in the DFA. Thus, the PLM-induced hyperaemia predominantly passes through the DFA and this was unaltered by cuffing. However, as a small fraction of the PLM-induced hyperaemia does pass through the SFA to the lower leg, cuffing the lower leg during PLM should be considered to emphasize thigh-specific hyperaemia in the PLM assessment of vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Shields
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ryan M Broxterman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Catherine L Jarrett
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Angela V Bisconti
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Soung Hun Park
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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106
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Le Roux AL, Quiroga X, Walani N, Arroyo M, Roca-Cusachs P. The plasma membrane as a mechanochemical transducer. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180221. [PMID: 31431176 PMCID: PMC6627014 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are constantly submitted to external mechanical stresses, which they must withstand and respond to. By forming a physical boundary between cells and their environment that is also a biochemical platform, the plasma membrane (PM) is a key interface mediating both cellular response to mechanical stimuli, and subsequent biochemical responses. Here, we review the role of the PM as a mechanosensing structure. We first analyse how the PM responds to mechanical stresses, and then discuss how this mechanical response triggers downstream biochemical responses. The molecular players involved in PM mechanochemical transduction include sensors of membrane unfolding, membrane tension, membrane curvature or membrane domain rearrangement. These sensors trigger signalling cascades fundamental both in healthy scenarios and in diseases such as cancer, which cells harness to maintain integrity, keep or restore homeostasis and adapt to their external environment. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel-Lise Le Roux
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Xarxa Quiroga
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Nikhil Walani
- LaCàN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Spain
| | - Marino Arroyo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- LaCàN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
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107
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Yoshino D, Sato M. Early-Stage Dynamics in Vascular Endothelial Cells Exposed to Hydrostatic Pressure. J Biomech Eng 2019; 141:2736603. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4044046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Blood pressure is an important factor both in maintaining body homeostasis and in its disruption. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are exposed to varying degrees of blood pressure and therefore play an important role in these physiological and pathological events. However, the effect of blood pressure on EC functions remains to be elucidated. In particular, we do not know how ECs sense and respond to changes in hydrostatic pressure even though the hydrostatic pressure is known to affect the EC functions. Here, we hypothesized that the cellular responses, leading to the reported pressure effects, occur at an early stage of pressure exposure and observed the early-stage dynamics in ECs to elucidate mechanisms through which ECs sense and respond to hydrostatic pressure. We found that exposure to hydrostatic pressure causes an early actomyosin-mediated contraction of ECs without a change in cell morphology. This response could be caused by water efflux from the ECs following exposure to hydrostatic pressure. Although only a limited study, these findings do explain a part of the mechanism through which ECs sense and respond to hydrostatic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yoshino
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan e-mail:
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Professor Emeritus Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan e-mail:
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108
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Khalilgharibi N, Fouchard J, Asadipour N, Barrientos R, Duda M, Bonfanti A, Yonis A, Harris A, Mosaffa P, Fujita Y, Kabla A, Mao Y, Baum B, Muñoz JJ, Miodownik M, Charras G. Stress relaxation in epithelial monolayers is controlled by the actomyosin cortex. NATURE PHYSICS 2019; 15:839-847. [PMID: 33569083 PMCID: PMC7116713 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-019-0516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial monolayers are one-cell thick tissue sheets that line most of the body surfaces, separating internal and external environments. As part of their function, they must withstand extrinsic mechanical stresses applied at high strain rates. However, little is known about how monolayers respond to mechanical deformations. Here, by subjecting suspended epithelial monolayers to stretch, we find that they dissipate stresses on a minute timescale and that relaxation can be described by a power law with an exponential cut-off at timescales larger than ~10 s. This process involves an increase in monolayer length, pointing to active remodelling of cellular biopolymers at the molecular scale during relaxation. Strikingly, monolayers consisting of tens of thousands of cells relax stress with similar dynamics to single rounded cells and both respond similarly to perturbations of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. By contrast, cell-cell junctional complexes and intermediate filaments do not relax tissue stress, but form stable connections between cells, allowing monolayers to behave rheologically as single cells. Taken together our data show that actomyosin dynamics governs the rheological properties of epithelial monolayers, dissipating applied stresses, and enabling changes in monolayer length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargess Khalilgharibi
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Computation, Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology (CoMPLEX), University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jonathan Fouchard
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nina Asadipour
- Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric (LaCàN), Dept. Mathematics, Esc. d'Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - Barcelona Tech (UPC), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Barrientos
- Centre for Computation, Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology (CoMPLEX), University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Duda
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amina Yonis
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK
| | - Andrew Harris
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Physics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Engineering Doctorate Program, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, 648 Stanley Hall MC 1762, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Payman Mosaffa
- Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric (LaCàN), Dept. Mathematics, Esc. d'Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - Barcelona Tech (UPC), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alexandre Kabla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cambridge University, UK
| | - Yanlan Mao
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Buzz Baum
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, UK
| | - José J Muñoz
- Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric (LaCàN), Dept. Mathematics, Esc. d'Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - Barcelona Tech (UPC), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Graduate School of Mathematics (BGSMath), Spain
| | - Mark Miodownik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, UK
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109
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Meli VS, Veerasubramanian PK, Atcha H, Reitz Z, Downing TL, Liu WF. Biophysical regulation of macrophages in health and disease. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:283-299. [PMID: 30861205 PMCID: PMC7001617 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0318-126r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages perform critical functions for homeostasis and immune defense in tissues throughout the body. These innate immune cells are capable of recognizing and clearing dead cells and pathogens, and orchestrating inflammatory and healing processes that occur in response to injury. In addition, macrophages are involved in the progression of many inflammatory diseases including cardiovascular disease, fibrosis, and cancer. Although it has long been known that macrophages respond dynamically to biochemical signals in their microenvironment, the role of biophysical cues has only recently emerged. Furthermore, many diseases that involve macrophages are also characterized by changes to the tissue biophysical environment. This review will discuss current knowledge about the effects of biophysical cues including matrix stiffness, material topography, and applied mechanical forces, on macrophage behavior. We will also describe the role of molecules that are known to be important for mechanotransduction, including adhesion molecules, ion channels, as well as nuclear mediators such as transcription factors, scaffolding proteins, and epigenetic regulators. Together, this review will illustrate a developing role of biophysical cues in macrophage biology, and also speculate upon molecular targets that may potentially be exploited therapeutically to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar S. Meli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Praveen K. Veerasubramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Hamza Atcha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Zachary Reitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Timothy L. Downing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Wendy F. Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
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110
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Genkel VV, Kuznetcova AS, Shaposhnik II. Biomechanical Forces and Atherosclerosis: From Mechanism to Diagnosis and Treatment. Curr Cardiol Rev 2019; 16:187-197. [PMID: 31362692 PMCID: PMC7536809 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x15666190730095153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The article provides an overview of current views on the role of biomechanical forces in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The importance of biomechanical forces in maintaining vascular homeostasis is considered. We provide descriptions of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. The roles of wall shear stress and circumferential wall stress in the initiation, progression and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaque are described. The data on the possibilities of assessing biomechanical factors in clinical practice and the clinical significance of this approach are presented. The article concludes with a discussion on current therapeutic approaches based on the modulation of biomechanical forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Genkel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "South-Ural State Medical University" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alla S Kuznetcova
- Department of Hospital Therapy Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "South-Ural State Medical University" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I Shaposhnik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "South-Ural State Medical University" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
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111
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Loosli C, Rupp S, Thamsen B, Rebholz M, Kress G, Meboldt M, Ermanni P. High-frequency operation of pulsatile ventricular assist devices: A computational study on circular and elliptically shaped pumps. Int J Artif Organs 2019; 42:725-734. [PMID: 31277562 DOI: 10.1177/0391398819857442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pulsatile positive displacement pumps as ventricular assist devices were gradually replaced by rotary devices due to their large volume and high adverse event rates. Nevertheless, pulsatile ventricular assist devices might be beneficial with regard to gastrointestinal bleeding and cardiac recovery. Therefore, aim of this study was to investigate the flow field in new pulsatile ventricular assist devices concepts with an increased pump frequency, which would allow lower stroke volumes to reduce the pump size. We developed a novel elliptically shaped pulsatile ventricular assist devices, which we compared to a design based on a circular shape. The pump size was adjusted to deliver similar flow rates at pump frequencies of 80, 160, and 240 bpm. Through a computational fluid dynamics study, we investigated flow patterns, residence times, and wall shear stresses for different frequencies and pump sizes. A pump size reduction by almost 50% is possible when using a threefold pump frequency. We show that flow patterns inside the circular pump are frequency dependent, while they remain similar for the elliptic pump. With slightly increased wall shear stresses for higher frequencies, maximum wall shear stresses on the pump housing are higher for the circular design (42.2 Pa vs 18.4 Pa). The calculated blood residence times within the pump decrease significantly with increasing pump rates. A smaller pump size leads to a slight increase of wall shear stresses and a significant improvement of residence times. Hence, high-frequency operation of pulsatile ventricular assist devices, especially in combination with an elliptical shape, might be a feasible mean to reduce the size, without any expectable disadvantages in terms of hemocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Loosli
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Rupp
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bente Thamsen
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Pediatric Heart Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Rebholz
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerald Kress
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Meboldt
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Ermanni
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Bisconti AV, Cè E, Longo S, Venturelli M, Coratella G, Shokohyar S, Ghahremani R, Rampichini S, Limonta E, Esposito F. Evidence of Improved Vascular Function in the Arteries of Trained but Not Untrained Limbs After Isolated Knee-Extension Training. Front Physiol 2019; 10:727. [PMID: 31244682 PMCID: PMC6581732 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial function is a strong marker of cardiovascular health and it refers to the ability of the body to maintain the homeostasis of vascular tone. The endothelial cells react to mechanical and chemical stimuli modulating the smooth muscle cells relaxation. The extent of the induced vasodilation depends on the magnitude of the stimulus. During exercise, the peripheral circulation is mostly controlled by the endothelial cells response that increases the peripheral blood flow in body districts involved but also not involved with exercise. However, whether vascular adaptations occur also in the brachial artery as a result of isolated leg extension muscles (KE) training is still an open question. Repetitive changes in blood flow occurring during exercise may act as vascular training for vessels supplying the active muscle bed as well as for the vessels of body districts not directly involved with exercise. This study sought to evaluate whether small muscle mass (KE) training would induce improvements in endothelial function not only in the vasculature of the lower limb (measured at the femoral artery level in the limb directly involved with training), but also in the upper limb (measured at the brachial artery level in the limb not directly involved with training) as an effect of repetitive increments in the peripheral blood flow during training sessions. Ten young healthy participants (five females, and five males; age: 23 ± 3 years; stature: 1.70 ± 0.11 m; body mass: 66 ± 11 kg; BMI: 23 ± 1 kg ⋅ m-2) underwent an 8-week KE training study. Maximum work rate (MWR), vascular function and peripheral blood flow were assessed pre- and post-KE training by KE ergometer, flow mediated dilatation (FMD) in the brachial artery (non-trained limb), and by passive limb movement (PLM) in femoral artery (trained limb), respectively. After 8 weeks of KE training, MWR and PLM increased by 44% (p = 0.015) and 153% (p = 0.003), respectively. Despite acute increase in brachial artery blood flow during exercise occurred (+25%; p < 0.001), endothelial function did not change after training. Eight weeks of KE training improved endothelial cells response only in the lower limb (measured at the femoral artery level) directly involved with training, likely without affecting the endothelial response of the upper limb (measured at the brachial artery level) not involved with training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Valentina Bisconti
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centre, Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Emiliano Cè
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Longo
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coratella
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sheida Shokohyar
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Reza Ghahremani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Susanna Rampichini
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Eloisa Limonta
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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113
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Jiang P, Liu Q, Wu J, Chen X, Li M, Li Z, Yang S, Guo R, Gao B, Cao Y, Wang R, Wang S. Hemodynamic characteristics associated with thinner regions of intracranial aneurysm wall. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 67:185-190. [PMID: 31253387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysm wall thickness is an important determinant of aneurysm progression and intra-procedural rupture. Several previous studies have evaluated the association between hemodynamic stress and aneurysm wall thickness, but conflicting results were obtained and no consensus has been achieved. According to the intraoperative findings, twenty-eight unruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms presented with thin-walled regions were enrolled in our study. Patient-specific 3D aneurysm models were constructed from preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) data and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses were performed under pulsatile-flow conditions. Thin-walled regions of aneurysm dome were recognized by two experienced reviewers based on the intraoperative microscopy findings. Hemodynamic parameters derived from CFD analysis, including normalized wall shear stress (NWSS), normalized pressure (NP), the oscillatory shear index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT), were compared between thin-walled regions and surrounding normal-thickness areas. Of the included aneurysms, twenty-eight pairs of thin-walled and normal surrounding regions were determined. Compared with surrounding tissues, thin-walled regions of aneurysm wall tended to present with higher pressure (1.232 vs 1.043, p < 0.05) and lower wall shear stress (0.693 vs 0.868, p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that elevated NP was significantly associated with thinning of the local aneurysm wall. Higher pressure and lower WSS were characteristic hemodynamic features associated with thinner regions of the aneurysm wall, elevated NP was an independent risk factor for local aneurysm wall thinning. CFD seems to be a useful method to estimate the location of thin-walled region, which will be helpful in reducing the risk of intraoperative rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Maogui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengsong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhe Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Gao
- School of Life Science and BioEngineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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114
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Bernardi L, Giampietro C, Marina V, Genta M, Mazza E, Ferrari A. Adaptive reorientation of endothelial collectives in response to strain. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 10:527-538. [PMID: 30112523 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mature epithelial monolayers share the ability to coherently respond to external mechanical stimuli. Tissue remodeling requires cell shape changes and coordinated movements. Human endothelia provide an exquisite example of such emerging collective activities. As part of their function in maintaining body homeostasis under variable hemodynamic loadings, endothelial ensembles must dynamically adapt to wall shear stress and cyclic deformation. While the alignment of several types of cells, including fibroblasts, osteoblasts and epithelial tissues, in response to various flow conditions or wall shear stress levels has been described in detail, less is known about collective endothelial remodeling under pure wall deformation. Here, using a custom-developed bioreactor, we exposed mature human endothelia to two distinct physiological levels of cyclic loading, generating overlapping gradients of strain. Endothelial cells remodeled depending on the level of imposed strain yielding local variations of cell density. In particular, a collective cell orientation orthogonal to the main direction of strain was observed at low levels of wall deformation, while cells reoriented parallel to the main direction of strain at high levels of wall deformation. The tissue adaptation depended on the establishment of mature adherens junctions, which were reinforced by the polarized recruitment of the adaptor protein vinculin. The pivotal role of cell-to-cell junctions was confirmed by the biochemical inhibition of vascular endothelial cadherin homotypic contacts, which impaired the collective remodeling. Together, our data establish wall deformation as an independent determinant of endothelial architecture with direct implications in vascular physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bernardi
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Mechanical Systems, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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115
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Williams IM, Wu JC. Generation of Endothelial Cells From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1317-1329. [PMID: 31242035 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are critical for several aspects of cardiovascular disease therapy, including vascular regeneration, personalized drug development, and tissue engineering. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) afford us with an unprecedented opportunity to produce virtually unlimited quantities of human ECs. In this review, we highlight key developments and outstanding challenges in our ability to derive ECs de novo from hPSCs. Furthermore, we consider strategies for recapitulating the vessel- and tissue-specific functional heterogeneity of ECs in vitro. Finally, we discuss ongoing attempts to utilize hPSC-derived ECs and their progenitors for various therapeutic applications. Continued progress in generating hPSC-derived ECs will profoundly enhance our ability to discover novel drug targets, revascularize ischemic tissues, and engineer clinically relevant tissue constructs. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Williams
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA
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116
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Miyamoto T, Karimov JH, Fukamachi K. Acute and chronic effects of continuous‐flow support and pulsatile‐flow support. Artif Organs 2019; 43:618-623. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Miyamoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio
| | - Jamshid H. Karimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio
| | - Kiyotaka Fukamachi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio
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117
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Helms F, Lau S, Klingenberg M, Aper T, Haverich A, Wilhelmi M, Böer U. Complete Myogenic Differentiation of Adipogenic Stem Cells Requires Both Biochemical and Mechanical Stimulation. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:913-926. [PMID: 30815762 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tissue engineering of the middle layer of natural arteries requires contractile smooth muscle cells (SMC) which can be differentiated from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) by treatment with transforming growth factor-β, sphingosylphosphorylcholine and bone morphogenetic protein-4 (TSB). Since mechanical stimulation may support or replace TSB-driven differentiation, we investigated its effect plus TSB-treatment on SMC orientation and contractile protein expression. Tubular fibrin scaffolds with incorporated ASC or pre-differentiated SMC were exposed to pulsatile perfusion for 10 days with or without TSB. Statically incubated scaffolds served as controls. Pulsatile incubation resulted in collagen-I expression and orientation of either cell type circumferentially around the lumen as shown by alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA), calponin and smoothelin staining as early, intermediate and late marker proteins. Semi-quantitative Westernblot analyses revealed strongly increased αSMA and calponin expression by either pulsatile (12.48-fold; p < 0.01 and 38.15-fold; p = 0.07) or static incubation plus TSB pre-treatment (8.91-fold; p < 0.05 and 37.69-fold; p < 0.05). In contrast, contractility and smoothelin expression required both mechanical and TSB stimulation since it was 2.57-fold increased (p < 0.05) only by combining pulsatile perfusion and TSB. Moreover, pre-differentiation of ASC prior to pulsatile perfusion was not necessary since it could not further increase the expression level of any marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Helms
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Skadi Lau
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Klingenberg
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Aper
- Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Wilhelmi
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Böer
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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118
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Charbonier FW, Zamani M, Huang NF. Endothelial Cell Mechanotransduction in the Dynamic Vascular Environment. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2019; 3:e1800252. [PMID: 31328152 PMCID: PMC6640152 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial cells (ECs) that line the inner layer of blood vessels are responsible for maintaining vascular homeostasis under physiological conditions. In the presence of disease or injury, ECs can become dysfunctional and contribute to a progressive decline in vascular health. ECs are constantly exposed to a variety of dynamic mechanical stimuli, including hemodynamic shear stress, pulsatile stretch, and passive signaling cues derived from the extracellular matrix. This review describes the molecular mechanisms by which ECs perceive and interpret these mechanical signals. The translational applications of mechanosensing are then discussed in the context of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and engineering of vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W. Charbonier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Maedeh Zamani
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Ngan F. Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304
- The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
- Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, MC 5407, Stanford, CA 94305-5407, USA
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119
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Duda M, Kirkland NJ, Khalilgharibi N, Tozluoglu M, Yuen AC, Carpi N, Bove A, Piel M, Charras G, Baum B, Mao Y. Polarization of Myosin II Refines Tissue Material Properties to Buffer Mechanical Stress. Dev Cell 2019; 48:245-260.e7. [PMID: 30695698 PMCID: PMC6353629 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As tissues develop, they are subjected to a variety of mechanical forces. Some of these forces are instrumental in the development of tissues, while others can result in tissue damage. Despite our extensive understanding of force-guided morphogenesis, we have only a limited understanding of how tissues prevent further morphogenesis once the shape is determined after development. Here, through the development of a tissue-stretching device, we uncover a mechanosensitive pathway that regulates tissue responses to mechanical stress through the polarization of actomyosin across the tissue. We show that stretch induces the formation of linear multicellular actomyosin cables, which depend on Diaphanous for their nucleation. These stiffen the epithelium, limiting further changes in shape, and prevent fractures from propagating across the tissue. Overall, this mechanism of force-induced changes in tissue mechanical properties provides a general model of force buffering that serves to preserve the shape of tissues under conditions of mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Duda
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Natalie J Kirkland
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nargess Khalilgharibi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Centre for Computation, Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology (CoMPLEX), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Melda Tozluoglu
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alice C Yuen
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nicolas Carpi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris 75005, France
| | - Anna Bove
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris 75005, France
| | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Buzz Baum
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yanlan Mao
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; College of Information and Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China.
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120
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CTGF regulates cyclic stretch-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via microRNA-19b-3p. Exp Cell Res 2019; 376:77-85. [PMID: 30690026 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic stretch regulates proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during hypertension-induced vascular remodeling, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be studied. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has been reported associated with several cellular function such as proliferation,migration and adhesion. Herein, the role of CTGF in VSMCs was investigated in response to mechanical cyclic stretch. Here we show that CTGF is up-regulated both in vivo and in vitro during hypertension. Overexpression of CTGF markedly promoted VSMC proliferation, whereas CTGF knockdown attenuated cyclic stretch-induced proliferation. Furthermore, 3'UTR reporter assays revealed that microRNA-19b-3p (miR-19b-3p) directly regulates CTGF expression. Under pathological condition (e.g. 15% cyclic stretch), miR-19b-3p expression was significantly down-regulated; conversely miR-19b-3p overexpression blocked VSMC proliferation. Taken together, these findings indicate that pathological cyclic stretch induces vascular remodeling by promoting VSMC proliferation via miR-19b-3p/CTGF pathway, and point to CTGF as a potential therapeutic target for hypertension.
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121
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Xiao L, Patrick DM, Aden LA, Kirabo A. Mechanisms of isolevuglandin-protein adduct formation in inflammation and hypertension. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 139:48-53. [PMID: 30278231 PMCID: PMC6299826 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and recent evidence suggests that isolevuglandin (IsoLG)-protein adducts play a role. Several hypertensive stimuli contribute to formation of IsoLG-protein adducts including excess dietary salt and catecholamines. The precise intracellular mechanisms by which these hypertensive stimuli lead to IsoLG-protein adduct formation are still not well understood; however, there is now evidence implicating NADPH-oxidase derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process. ROS oxidize arachidonic acid leading to formation of IsoLGs, which non-covalently adduct to lysine residues and alter protein structure and function. Recent studies suggest that these altered proteins act as neo-antigens leading to an autoimmune state that results in hypertension. The goal of this mini-review is to highlight some of the hypertensive stimuli and the mechanisms contributing to IsoLG-protein adduct formation leading to inflammation and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiao
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David M Patrick
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Luul A Aden
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology & Inflammation (VI4), Nashville, TN, United States.
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122
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James BD, Allen JB. Vascular Endothelial Cell Behavior in Complex Mechanical Microenvironments. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3818-3842. [PMID: 33429612 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The vascular mechanical microenvironment consists of a mixture of spatially and temporally changing mechanical forces. This exposes vascular endothelial cells to both hemodynamic forces (fluid flow, cyclic stretching, lateral pressure) and vessel forces (basement membrane mechanical and topographical properties). The vascular mechanical microenvironment is "complex" because these forces are dynamic and interrelated. Endothelial cells sense these forces through mechanosensory structures and transduce them into functional responses via mechanotransduction pathways, culminating in behavior directly affecting vascular health. Recent in vitro studies have shown that endothelial cells respond in nuanced and unique ways to combinations of hemodynamic and vessel forces as compared to any single mechanical force. Understanding the interactive effects of the complex mechanical microenvironment on vascular endothelial behavior offers the opportunity to design future biomaterials and biomedical devices from the bottom-up by engineering for the cellular response. This review describes and defines (1) the blood vessel structure, (2) the complex mechanical microenvironment of the vascular endothelium, (3) the process in which vascular endothelial cells sense mechanical forces, and (4) the effect of mechanical forces on vascular endothelial cells with specific attention to recent works investigating the influence of combinations of mechanical forces. We conclude this review by providing our perspective on how the field can move forward to elucidate the effects of the complex mechanical microenvironment on vascular endothelial cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D James
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, 100 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,Institute for Computational Engineering, University of Florida, 300 Weil Hall, PO Box 116550, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Josephine B Allen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, 100 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,Institute for Cell and Tissue Science and Engineering, 300 Weil Hall, PO Box 116550, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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123
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Rezvani-Sharif A, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M, Avolio A. Progressive changes of elastic moduli of arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaque components during plaque development in human coronary arteries. Med Biol Eng Comput 2018; 57:731-740. [PMID: 30374700 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-018-1910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stiffness of the arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaque components is a determinant of the stress field within plaques, which has been suggested to be an indicator of plaque vulnerability. The diversity and inhomogeneous structure of atherosclerotic lesions complicate the characterization of plaque components. In the present study, stiffness of the arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaque components in human coronary arteries was examined in early and developed atherosclerotic lesions. The force-spectroscopy mode of the atomic force microscope and histological examination were used for determination of elastic moduli at specified locations within samples. Fibrous cap (E = 14.1 ± 3.8 kPa) showed lower stiffness than the fibrous tissue beneath the lipid pool (E = 17.6 ± 3.2 kPa). Calcification zones (E = 96.1 ± 18.8 kPa) and lipid pools (E = 2.7 ± 1.8 kPa) were the stiffest and softest components of atherosclerotic lesions, respectively. The increase of media stiffness (%44.8) and reduction of the elastic modulus of the internal elastic lamina (%28.9) was observed in coronary arteries. Moreover, significant differences were observed between the stiffness of medial layer in diseased parts and free-plaque segments in incomplete plaques of coronary arteries. Our results can be used for better understanding of remodeling mechanisms of the arterial wall with plaque development. Graphical abstract Stiffness alteration of the arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaque components with plaque development in coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rezvani-Sharif
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Street, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | | | - Alberto Avolio
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Street, Tehran, Iran
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124
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Sundaram S, Sellamuthu K, Nagavelu K, Suma HR, Das A, Narayan R, Chakravortty D, Gopalan J, Eswarappa SM. Stimulation of angiogenesis using single-pulse low-pressure shock wave treatment. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:1177-1187. [PMID: 30155768 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells respond to mechanical stimuli such as stretch. This property can be exploited with caution to induce angiogenesis which will have immense potential to treat pathological conditions associated with insufficient angiogenesis. The primary aim of this study is to test if low-pressure shock waves can be used to induce angiogenesis. Using a simple diaphragm-based shock tube, we demonstrate that a single pulse of low pressure (0.4 bar) shock wave is enough to induce proliferation in bovine aortic endothelial cells and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. We show that this is associated with enhanced Ca++ influx and phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) which is normally observed when endothelial cells are exposed to stretch. We also demonstrate the pro-angiogenic effect of shock waves of single pulse (per dose) using murine back punch wound model. Shock wave treated mice showed enhanced wound-induced angiogenesis as reflected by increased vascular area and vessel length. They also showed accelerated wound closure compared to control mice. Overall, our study shows that just a single pulse/shot (per dose) of shock waves can be used to induce angiogenesis. Importantly, we demonstrate this effect using a pulse of low-pressure shock waves (0.4 bar, in vitro and 0.15 bar, in vivo). KEY MESSAGES: Low-pressure single-pulse shock waves can induce endothelial cell migration and proliferation. This effect is endothelial cell specific. These shock waves enhance wound-induced angiogenesis in vivo. These shock waves can also accelerate wound healing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susinder Sundaram
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Karthi Sellamuthu
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Harikumar R Suma
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arpan Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Raghu Narayan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jagadeesh Gopalan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
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125
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Wall shear stress promotes intimal hyperplasia through the paracrine H 2O 2-mediated NOX-AKT-SVV axis. Life Sci 2018; 207:61-71. [PMID: 29847774 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oscillatory wall shear stress (WSS)-linked oxidative stress promotes intimal hyperplasia (IH) development, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used an in vivo rabbit carotid arterial stenosis model representing different levels of WSS and found that WSS was increased at 1 month with 50% stenosis and was accompanied by VSMCs proliferation and interstitial collagen accumulation. Increased WSS promoted the expression of NOX, AKT, and survivin (SVV) and the proliferation/migration of VSMCs and reduced apoptosis. KEY FINDINGS Our in vitro study suggested that H2O2 promoted proliferation and migration while suppressing apoptosis in cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrated that the elevation of WSS promotes VSMC proliferation and migration through the H2O2-mediated NOX-AKT-SVV axis, thereby accelerating IH development.
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126
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Szymborska A, Gerhardt H. Hold Me, but Not Too Tight-Endothelial Cell-Cell Junctions in Angiogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a029223. [PMID: 28851748 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell-cell junctions must perform seemingly incompatible tasks during vascular development-providing stable connections that prevent leakage, while allowing dynamic cellular rearrangements during sprouting, anastomosis, lumen formation, and functional remodeling of the vascular network. This review aims to highlight recent insights into the molecular mechanisms governing endothelial cell-cell adhesion in the context of vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szymborska
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
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127
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Loosli C, Moy L, Kress G, Mazza E, Ermanni P. Corrugated diaphragm shape design study for hemocompatible pulsatile ventricular assist devices. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2018; 21:399-407. [PMID: 29996696 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2018.1434623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We aim to maximize the pumping volume of a pulsatile ventricular assist device, where the diaphragm is covered with an endothelial cell layer. These cells are estimated to survive a cyclic strain up to fifteen percent. To increase the pumping volume under this strain constraint we use an approach based on corrugation of the diaphragm in its reference configuration. The paper explains the parametrization scheme for finding corrugation shapes, addresses modeling and evaluation schemes and reports on the results of a parameter study. The results show that corrugated diaphragm shapes are effective for increasing pumping volumes under a strain constraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Loosli
- a Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zürich , Tannenstr. 3 , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - L Moy
- a Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zürich , Tannenstr. 3 , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - G Kress
- a Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zürich , Tannenstr. 3 , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - E Mazza
- b Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zürich , Leonhardstr. 21 , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - P Ermanni
- a Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zürich , Tannenstr. 3 , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
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128
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Meza D, Rubenstein DA, Yin W. A comprehensive fluid-structure interaction model of the left coronary artery. J Biomech Eng 2018; 140:2687664. [PMID: 30029208 PMCID: PMC11063795 DOI: 10.1115/1.4040776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A fluid structure interaction model of a left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was developed, incorporating transient blood flow, cyclic bending motion of the artery, and myocardial contraction. The 3D geometry was constructed based on a patient's computed tomography angiography data. To simulate disease conditions, a plaque was placed within the LAD to create a 70% stenosis. The bending motion of the blood vessel was prescribed based on the LAD spatial information. The pressure induced by myocardial contraction was applied to the outside of the blood vessel wall. The fluid domain was solved using the Navier-Stokes equations. The arterial wall was defined as a nonlinear elastic, anisotropic, and incompressible material, and the mechanical behavior was described using the modified hyper-elastic Mooney-Rivlin model. The fluid (blood) and solid (vascular wall) domains were fully coupled. The simulation results demonstrated that besides vessel bending/stretching motion, myocardial contraction had a significant effect on local hemodynamics and vascular all stress/strain distribution. It not only transiently increased blood flow velocity and fluid wall shear stress, but also changed shear stress patterns. The presence of the plaque significantly reduced vascular wall tensile strain. Compared to the coronary artery models developed previously, the current model had improved physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Meza
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - David A. Rubenstein
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Wei Yin
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Room 109, Stony Brook, NY 11794
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129
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Wilstein Z, Alligood DM, McLure VL, Miller AC. Mathematical model of hypertension-induced arterial remodeling: A chemo-mechanical approach. Math Biosci 2018; 303:10-25. [PMID: 29758218 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of chronic hypertension is a poorly described process involving many chemical and structural changes to the artery. Typically, mathematical models of this disease focus primarily on the mechanical aspects such as arterial geometry, elasticity, and tissue content, or alternatively on the chemical drivers of vasoactivity such as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. This paper presents a model that considers the powerful interaction between mechanical and biochemical drivers of hypertension and arterial remodeling. Based on biological processes thought to be involved in the development of hypertension, we have built a system of algebraic, differential, and integral equations. Endothelial dysfunction, which is known to limit vasodilation, is explicitly considered in the model and plays a vital role in the development of chronic hypertension. Numerical solutions to the system are consistent with available experimental data for normal and spontaneously-hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahava Wilstein
- Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA 30149, United States.
| | - Daniel M Alligood
- Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA 30149, United States.
| | - Valerie L McLure
- Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA 30149, United States.
| | - Austinn C Miller
- Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, United States.
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130
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A vacuum-actuated microtissue stretcher for long-term exposure to oscillatory strain within a 3D matrix. Biomed Microdevices 2018; 20:43. [PMID: 29808253 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-018-0286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Although our understanding of cellular behavior in response to extracellular biological and mechanical stimuli has greatly advanced using conventional 2D cell culture methods, these techniques lack physiological relevance. To a cell, the extracellular environment of a 2D plastic petri dish is artificially flat, extremely rigid, static and void of matrix protein. In contrast, we developed the microtissue vacuum-actuated stretcher (MVAS) to probe cellular behavior within a 3D multicellular environment composed of innate matrix protein, and in response to continuous uniaxial stretch. An array format, compatibility with live imaging and high-throughput fabrication techniques make the MVAS highly suited for biomedical research and pharmaceutical discovery. We validated our approach by characterizing the bulk microtissue strain, the microtissue strain field and single cell strain, and by assessing F-actin expression in response to chronic cyclic strain of 10%. The MVAS was shown to be capable of delivering reproducible dynamic bulk strain amplitudes up to 13%. The strain at the single cell level was found to be 10.4% less than the microtissue axial strain due to cellular rotation. Chronic cyclic strain produced a 35% increase in F-actin expression consistent with cytoskeletal reinforcement previously observed in 2D cell culture. The MVAS may further our understanding of the reciprocity shared between cells and their environment, which is critical to meaningful biomedical research and successful therapeutic approaches.
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131
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Spacek M, Zemanek D, Hutyra M, Sluka M, Taborsky M. Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque - a review of current concepts and advanced imaging. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2018; 162:10-17. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2018.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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132
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Avolio A, Kim MO, Adji A, Gangoda S, Avadhanam B, Tan I, Butlin M. Cerebral Haemodynamics: Effects of Systemic Arterial Pulsatile Function and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:20. [PMID: 29556793 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Concepts of pulsatile arterial haemodynamics, including relationships between oscillatory blood pressure and flow in systemic arteries, arterial stiffness and wave propagation phenomena have provided basic understanding of underlying haemodynamic mechanisms associated with elevated arterial blood pressure as a major factor of cardiovascular risk, particularly the deleterious effects of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. This topical review assesses the effects of pulsatility of blood pressure and flow in the systemic arteries on the brain. The review builds on the emerging notion of the "pulsating brain", taking into account the high throughput of blood flow in the cerebral circulation in the presence of mechanisms involved in ensuring efficient and regulated cerebral perfusion. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have provided evidence of the relevance of pulsatility and hypertension in the following areas: (i) pressure and flow pulsatility and regulation of cerebral blood flow, (ii) cerebral and systemic haemodynamics, hypertension and brain pathologies (cognitive impairment, dementia, Alzheimer's disease), (iii) stroke and cerebral small vessel disease, (iv) cerebral haemodynamics and noninvasive estimation of cerebral vascular impedance, (v) cerebral and systemic pulsatile haemodynamics and intracranial pressure, (iv) response of brain endothelial cells to cyclic mechanical stretch and increase in amyloid burden. Studies to date, producing increasing epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence, suggest a potentially significant role of systemic haemodynamic pulsatility on structure and function of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Avolio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Mi Ok Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Audrey Adji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinic, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sumudu Gangoda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Bhargava Avadhanam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Isabella Tan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Mark Butlin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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133
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Venugopal Menon N, Tay HM, Pang KT, Dalan R, Wong SC, Wang X, Li KHH, Hou HW. A tunable microfluidic 3D stenosis model to study leukocyte-endothelial interactions in atherosclerosis. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:016103. [PMID: 31069288 PMCID: PMC6481702 DOI: 10.1063/1.4993762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by endothelial dysfunction and blood vessel narrowing, is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases including heart attack and stroke. Herein, we present a novel tunable microfluidic atherosclerosis model to study vascular inflammation and leukocyte-endothelial interactions in 3D vessel stenosis. Flow and shear stress profiles were characterized in pneumatic-controlled stenosis conditions (0%, 50% and 80% constriction) using fluid simulation and experimental beads perfusion. Due to non-uniform fluid flow at the 3D stenosis, distinct monocyte (THP-1) adhesion patterns on inflamed [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) treated] endothelium were observed, and there was a differential endothelial expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) at the constriction region. Whole blood perfusion studies also showed increased leukocyte interactions (cell rolling and adherence) at the stenosis of healthy and inflamed endothelium, clearly highlighting the importance of vascular inflammation, flow disturbance, and vessel geometry in recapitulating atherogenic microenvironment. To demonstrate inflammatory risk assessment using leukocytes as functional biomarkers, we perfused whole blood samples into the developed microdevices (80% constriction) and observed significant dose-dependent effects of leukocyte adhesion in healthy and inflamed (TNF-α treated) blood samples. Taken together, the 3D stenosis chip facilitates quantitative study of hemodynamics and leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and can be further developed into a point-of-care blood profiling device for atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishanth Venugopal Menon
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Hui Min Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232
| | | | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Endocrinology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648
| | | | - King Ho Holden Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
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134
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Norlander AE, Madhur MS, Harrison DG. The immunology of hypertension. J Exp Med 2018; 215:21-33. [PMID: 29247045 PMCID: PMC5748862 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although systemic hypertension affects a large proportion of the population, its etiology remains poorly defined. Emerging evidence supports the concept that immune cells become activated and enter target organs, including the vasculature and the kidney, in this disease. Mediators released by these cells, including reactive oxygen species, metalloproteinases, cytokines, and antibodies promote dysfunction of the target organs and cause damage. In vessels, these factors enhance constriction, remodeling, and rarefaction. In the kidney, these mediators increase expression and activation of sodium transporters, and cause interstitial fibrosis and glomerular injury. Factors common to hypertension, including oxidative stress, increased interstitial sodium, cytokine production, and inflammasome activation promote immune activation in hypertension. Recent data suggest that isolevuglandin-modified self-proteins in antigen-presenting cells are immunogenic, promoting cytokine production by the cells in which they are formed and T cell activation. Efforts to prevent and reverse immune activation may prove beneficial in preventing the long-term sequelae of hypertension and its related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E Norlander
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Meena S Madhur
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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135
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Bachmann BJ, Giampietro C, Bayram A, Stefopoulos G, Michos C, Graeber G, Falk MV, Poulikakos D, Ferrari A. Honeycomb-structured metasurfaces for the adaptive nesting of endothelial cells under hemodynamic loads. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2726-2737. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00660a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The thrombogenicity of artificial materials comprising ventricular assist devices (VADs) limits their long-term integration in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Johann Bachmann
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Adem Bayram
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Georgios Stefopoulos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Christos Michos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Gustav Graeber
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Med Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery
- German Heart Institute Berlin
- Berlin
- Germany
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Aldo Ferrari
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
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136
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Qi YX, Han Y, Jiang ZL. Mechanobiology and Vascular Remodeling: From Membrane to Nucleus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1097:69-82. [PMID: 30315540 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96445-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are constantly exposed to hemodynamic forces in vivo, including flow shear stress and cyclic stretch caused by the blood flow. Numerous researches revealed that during various cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and vein graft, abnormal (pathological) mechanical forces play crucial roles in the dysfunction of ECs and VSMCs, which is the fundamental process during both vascular homeostasis and remodeling. Hemodynamic forces trigger several membrane molecules and structures, such as integrin, ion channel, primary cilia, etc., and induce the cascade reaction processes through complicated cellular signaling networks. Recent researches suggest that nuclear envelope proteins act as the functional homology of molecules on the membrane, are important mechanosensitive molecules which modulate chromatin location and gene transcription, and subsequently regulate cellular functions. However, the studies on the roles of nucleus in the mechanotransduction process are still at the beginning. Here, based on the recent researches, we focused on the nuclear envelope proteins and discussed the roles of pathological hemodynamic forces in vascular remodeling. It may provide new insight into understanding the molecular mechanism of vascular physiological homeostasis and pathophysiological remodeling and may help to develop hemodynamic-based strategies for the prevention and management of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zong-Lai Jiang
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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137
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Gogas B, Zhang JJ, Chen SL. Coronary Bioresorbable Scaffolds in Interventional Cardiology: Lessons Learnt and Future Perspectives. US CARDIOLOGY REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.15420/usc.2018.11.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer- and magnesium-based bioresorbable scaffolds were developed with the intention of restoring a functionally intact arterial wall following the scaffold’s biodegradation, avoiding the limitations of coronary stenting associated with persistent vasomotor dysfunction and sustained inflammation leading to in-stent neo-atherosclerosis. Although initial experimental observations encouraged the development of first-in-man registries and the execution of larger randomized trials, clinical results from treating relatively non-complex lesions with these technologies failed to demonstrate any incremental benefit. Furthermore, the significantly higher rates of scaffold thrombosis with the current generation scaffolds led to existing polymer-based technologies being withdrawn from the US clinical market. This article provides an overview of the preclinical and clinical lessons learnt from the recently conducted ABSORB trials using the first-generation Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold (Abbott Vascular), which is the most investigated coronary scaffold in clinical trials, and reflects on whether these technologies are a viable alternative to contemporary metal stents for coronary revascularization.
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138
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Kuk H, Arnold C, Meyer R, Hecker M, Korff T. Magnolol inhibits venous remodeling in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17820. [PMID: 29259201 PMCID: PMC5736655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to gravity the venous vasculature in the lower extremities is exposed to elevated pressure levels which may be amplified by obesity or pregnancy. As a consequence, venules dilate and may be slowly transformed into varicose or spider veins. In fact, chronically elevated venous pressure was sufficient to cause the corkscrew-like enlargement of superficial veins in mice. We hypothesized that biomechanical activation of endothelial cells contributes to this process and investigated the inhibitory capacity of Magnolol in this context - a natural compound that features multiple properties counteracting cellular stress. While Magnolol did not influence endothelial capillary sprout formation, it interfered with proliferation, ERK1/2 activity, gelatinase activity as well as baseline production of reactive oxygen species in these cells or murine veins. The anti-oxidative and anti-proliferative capacity of Magnolol was mediated through stimulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression. Finally, local transdermal application of Magnolol attenuated pressure-mediated development of varicose/spider veins in mice and was accompanied by the absence of proliferating and MMP-2 positive endothelial cells. Collectively, our data identified Magnolol as a potent inhibitor of biomechanically evoked endothelial cell activity during pressure-mediated venous remodeling processes which contribute to the development of varicose and spider veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kuk
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Meyer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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139
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Chen C, Peng S, Chen F, Liu L, Li Z, Zeng G, Huang Q. Protective effects of pioglitazone on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction induced by high glucose via inhibition of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling mediated by PPARγ in vitro. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1480-1487. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PIO, a synthetic ligand for PPARγ, is used clinically to treat T2DM. However, little is known about its protective effects on endothelium and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we sought to investigate the protective effects of PIO on endothelium and its probable mechanisms: 95% confluent wild type (WT) HUVECs and PPARγLow-HUVECs that we first injured with HG (33 mmol·L–1) were first pretreated with 10 μmol·L–1 of GW9662 for 30 min, and then treated the cells with different concentrations of PIO (5, 10, or 20 μmol·L–1) for 24 h. Finally, we measured the levels of NO, ET1, TNFα, and IL6 in the cell culture supernatant. These cells were then used to determine cell viability, caspase3 activity, the levels of IKKα/β mRNA, IKKα/β, and NFκB-p65. Severe dysfunction and activation of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling occurred after we exposed HUVECs to HG. Conversely, treatment with PIO significantly attenuated the dysfunction and the activation of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling induced by HG in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the protective effects of PIO were completely abrogated by GW9662 or down-regulation of PPARγ. Taken together, the results indicate that PIO protects HUVECs against the HG-induced dysfunction through the inhibition of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling mediated by PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Chen
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Shaorong Peng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Fanghui Chen
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Lili Liu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhouxue Li
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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140
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Luo W, Feldman D, McCallister R, Brophy C, Cheung-Flynn J. P2X7R antagonism after subfailure overstretch injury of blood vessels reverses vasomotor dysfunction and prevents apoptosis. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:579-590. [PMID: 28905300 PMCID: PMC5714848 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human saphenous vein (HSV) is harvested and prepared prior to implantation as an arterial bypass graft. Injury and the response to injury from surgical harvest and preparation trigger cascades of molecular events and contribute to graft remodeling and intimal hyperplasia. Apoptosis is an early response after implantation that contributes the development of neointimal lesions. Here, we showed that surgical harvest and preparation of HSV leads to vasomotor dysfunction, increased apoptosis and downregulation of the phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein, Niban. A model of subfailure overstretch injury in rat aorta (RA) was used to demonstrate impaired vasomotor function, increased extracellular ATP (eATP) release, and increased apoptosis following pathological vascular injury. The subfailure overstretch injury was associated with activation of p38 MAPK stress pathway and decreases in the phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein Niban. Treatment of RA after overstretch injury with antagonists to purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) antagonists or P2X7R/pannexin (PanX1) complex, but not PanX1 alone, restored vasomotor function. Inhibitors to P2X7R and PanX1 reduced stretch-induced eATP release. P2X7R/PanX1 antagonism led to decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation, restoration of Niban phosphorylation and increases in the phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein Akt in RA and reduced TNFα-stimulated caspase 3/7 activity in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, inhibition of P2X7R after overstretch injury restored vasomotor function and inhibited apoptosis. Treatment with P2X7R/PanX1 complex inhibitors after harvest and preparation injury of blood vessels used for bypass conduits may prevent the subsequent response to injury that lead to apoptosis and represents a novel therapeutic approach to prevent graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Luo
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Feldman
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reid McCallister
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Colleen Brophy
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joyce Cheung-Flynn
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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141
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Wang W, Yeung KWK. Bone grafts and biomaterials substitutes for bone defect repair: A review. Bioact Mater 2017; 2:224-247. [PMID: 29744432 PMCID: PMC5935655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 854] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone grafts have been predominated used to treat bone defects, delayed union or non-union, and spinal fusion in orthopaedic clinically for a period of time, despite the emergency of synthetic bone graft substitutes. Nevertheless, the integration of allogeneic grafts and synthetic substitutes with host bone was found jeopardized in long-term follow-up studies. Hence, the enhancement of osteointegration of these grafts and substitutes with host bone is considerably important. To address this problem, addition of various growth factors, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and platelet rich plasma (PRP), into structural allografts and synthetic substitutes have been considered. Although clinical applications of these factors have exhibited good bone formation, their further application was limited due to high cost and potential adverse side effects. Alternatively, bioinorganic ions such as magnesium, strontium and zinc are considered as alternative of osteogenic biological factors. Hence, this paper aims to review the currently available bone grafts and bone substitutes as well as the biological and bio-inorganic factors for the treatments of bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, 1 Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kelvin W K Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, 1 Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
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142
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Wu S, Lu Q, Wang N, Zhang J, Liu Q, Gao M, Chen J, Liu W, Xu L. Cyclic stretch induced-retinal pigment epithelial cell apoptosis and cytokine changes. BMC Ophthalmol 2017; 17:208. [PMID: 29166888 PMCID: PMC5700533 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is complex. It has been shown that vitreomacular traction (VMT) plays a role in the pathogenesis of AMD. We speculate that the continuous stretch induced by VMT might impair the function of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and it might also be involved in the progression of AMD. Methods Cultured ARPE-19 cells were subjected to cyclic stretch on the Flexcell Strain system at a level of 25% increment on the surface area for 8 h, 14 h, 20 h, 24 h. In another group, the stretch was withdrawn at 14 h and the cell cultured for another 6 h. Then, we observed the changes in morphology, apoptosis and expression of interleukin 6 (IL6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in RPE cells under stretch. Results We found that stretch induced the RPE cells to change from a spreading shape into a rounded shape, and that the morphological changes were positively correlated with the duration of the stretch. The expression of pFAK397 and pRac1/cdc42 were elevated in a time-dependent fashion. The stretch resulted in an increase in the apoptosis ratio, with Bcl2, Bax and p53 also showing time-dependent changes. In addition, up-regulation of IL6 and VEGF expression levels was also observed. After withdrawal of the stretch, all of these changes were significantly diminished. Conclusion Stretch may induce morphological, cell apoptosis, and up-regulation of cytokines changes in RPE cells, indicating that cyclic stretching may participate in the progression of AMD by impeding the functions of the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qingjun Lu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jingxue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jinqiu Chen
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China.
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143
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Gifford JR, Richardson RS. CORP: Ultrasound assessment of vascular function with the passive leg movement technique. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1708-1720. [PMID: 28883048 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00557.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As dysfunction of the vascular system is an early, modifiable step in the progression of many cardiovascular diseases, there is demand for methods to monitor the health of the vascular system noninvasively in clinical and research settings. Validated by very good agreement with more technical assessments of vascular function, like intra-arterial drug infusions and flow-mediated dilation, the passive leg movement (PLM) technique has emerged as a powerful, yet relatively simple, test of peripheral vascular function. In the PLM technique, the change in leg blood flow elicited by the passive movement of the leg through a 90° range of motion is quantified with Doppler ultrasound. This relatively easy-to-learn test has proven to be ≤80% dependent on nitric oxide bioavailability and is especially adept at determining peripheral vascular function across the spectrum of cardiovascular health. Indeed, multiple reports have documented that individuals with decreased cardiovascular health such as the elderly and those with heart failure tend to exhibit a substantially blunted PLM-induced hyperemic response (~50 and ~85% reduction, respectively) compared with populations with good cardiovascular health such as young individuals. As specific guidelines have not yet been put forth, the purpose of this Cores of Reproducibility in Physiology (CORP) article is to provide a comprehensive reference for the assessment and interpretation of vascular function with PLM with the aim to increase reproducibility and consistency among studies and facilitate the use of PLM as a research tool with clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson R Gifford
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
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144
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Deriving vascular smooth muscle cells from mesenchymal stromal cells: Evolving differentiation strategies and current understanding of their mechanisms. Biomaterials 2017; 145:9-22. [PMID: 28843066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play essential roles in regulating blood vessel form and function. Regeneration of functional vascular smooth muscle tissue to repair vascular diseases is an area of intense research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. For functional vascular smooth muscle tissue regeneration to become a practical therapy over the next decade, the field will need to have access to VSMC sources that are effective, robust and safe. While pluripotent stem cells hold good future promise to this end, more immediate translation is expected to come from approaches that generate functional VSMCs from adult sources of multipotent adipose-derived and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs and BMSCs). The research to this end is extensive and is dominated by studies relating to classical biochemical signalling molecules used to induce differentiation of ASCs and BMSCs. However, prolonged use of the biochemical induction factors is costly and can cause potential endotoxin contamination in the culture. Over recent years several non-traditional differentiation approaches have been devised to mimic defined aspects of the native micro-environment in which VSMCs reside to contribute to the differentiation of VSMC-like cells from ASCs and BMSCs. In this review, the promises and limitations of several non-traditional culture approaches (e.g., co-culture, biomechanical, and biomaterial stimuli) targeting VSMC differentiation are discussed. The extensive crosstalk between the underlying signalling cascades are delineated and put into a translational context. It is expected that this review will not only provide significant insight into VSMC differentiation strategies for vascular smooth muscle tissue engineering applications, but will also highlight the fundamental importance of engineering the cellular microenvironment on multiple scales (with consideration of different combinatorial pathways) in order to direct cell differentiation fate and obtain cells of a desired and stable phenotype. These strategies may ultimately be applied to different sources of stem cells in the future for a range of biomaterial and tissue engineering disciplines.
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145
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ER stress dependent microparticles derived from smooth muscle cells promote endothelial dysfunction during thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1287-1299. [PMID: 28468950 PMCID: PMC5461939 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The degeneration of vascular smooth muscle cell(s) (SMC) is one of the key features of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD). We and others have shown that elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress causes SMC loss and TAAD formation, however, the mechanism of how SMC dysfunction contributes to intimal damage, leading to TAAD, remains to be explored. In the present study, in vitro assay demonstrated that elevated mechanical stretch (18% elongation, 3600 cycles/h) stimulated the ER stress response and microparticle(s) (MP) production from both SMC and endothelial cell(s) (EC) in a time-dependent manner. Treatment of EC with isolated MP led to anoikis, which was determined by measuring the fluorescence of the ethidium homodimer (EthD-1) and Calcein AM cultured in hydrogel-coated plates and control plates. MP stimulation of EC also up-regulated the mRNA levels of inflammatory molecules (i.e. Vascular cellular adhesion molecular-1 (VCAM-1)), intercellular adhesion molecular-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)). Use of an ER stress inhibitor or knockout of CHOP decreased mechanical stretch-induced MP production in SMC. In vivo, administration of an ER stress inhibitor or knockout of CHOP suppressed both apoptosis of EC and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, TAAD formation was also suppressed by the administration of an ER stress inhibitor. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that elevated mechanical stretch induces MP formation in SMC leading to endothelial dysfunction, which is ER stress dependent. The inhibition of ER stress suppressed EC apoptosis, inflammation in the aorta, and TAAD development.
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Royes Mir J, Coudret C, Roux C, Benoit-Marquié F, Cazalès M, Séverac C, Lorenzo C, Mingotaud AF. Rational Hydrogel Formulation Leads to Reversible and Enhanced Photocontrolled Rigidity. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Royes Mir
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623; Université Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
- ITAV; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS; 1 place Pierre Potier 31106 Toulouse Cedex 1 France
| | - Christophe Coudret
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623; Université Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Clément Roux
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623; Université Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Florence Benoit-Marquié
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623; Université Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Martine Cazalès
- ITAV; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS; 1 place Pierre Potier 31106 Toulouse Cedex 1 France
| | - Childerick Séverac
- ITAV; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS; 1 place Pierre Potier 31106 Toulouse Cedex 1 France
| | - Corinne Lorenzo
- ITAV; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS; 1 place Pierre Potier 31106 Toulouse Cedex 1 France
| | - Anne-Françoise Mingotaud
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623; Université Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
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147
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Circular RNA hsa_circ_0010729 regulates vascular endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting the miR-186/HIF-1α axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:104-110. [PMID: 28571741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of non-protein-coding RNAs generated from back splicing. Emerging evidence has demonstrated its vital regulation on angiogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for circRNAs effects on vascular endothelial cells is still unclear. In the present study, we screened the expression profiles and investigated the physiological role of circRNAs in hypoxia-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Using circRNA microarray analysis, we identified 36 circRNAs that were significantly dysregulated including 14 down-regulated circRNAs and 22 up-regulated with 2-fold change (P < 0.05). From the over-expressed circRNAs, hsa_circ_0010729 was selected as candidate circRNA and which was validated to be significantly up-regulated using RT-PCR. In loss-of-function experiments of HUVECs, hsa_circ_0010729 knockdown suppressed the proliferation and migration ability and enhanced apoptosis. Bioinformatic prediction and luciferase assay revealed that hsa_circ_0010729 and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) were targeted by miR-186. Validation experiments verified that hsa_circ_0010729 was co-expressed with HIF-1α, being negatively correlated with miR-186. Moreover, rescue experiments demonstrated that miR-186 inhibitor could reverse the role of hsa_circ_0010729 knockdown on HUVECs progression. Overall, the present study identifies the crucial regulation of hsa_circ_0010729 on vascular endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis via targeting miR-186/HIF-1α axis.
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148
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Direct visualization of the arterial wall water permeability barrier using CARS microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4805-4810. [PMID: 28373558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620008114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The artery wall is equipped with a water permeation barrier that allows blood to flow at high pressure without significant water leak. The precise location of this barrier is unknown despite its importance in vascular function and its contribution to many vascular complications when it is compromised. Herein we map the water permeability in intact arteries, using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and isotopic perfusion experiments. Generation of the CARS signal is optimized for water imaging with broadband excitation. We identify the water permeation barrier as the endothelial basolateral membrane and show that the apical membrane is highly permeable. This is confirmed by the distribution of the AQP1 water channel within endothelial membranes. These results indicate that arterial pressure equilibrates within the endothelium and is transmitted to the supporting basement membrane and internal elastic lamina macromolecules with minimal deformation of the sensitive endothelial cell. Disruption of this pressure transmission could contribute to endothelial cell dysfunction in various pathologies.
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149
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Abstract
Microfluidics is invaluable for studying microvasculature, development of organ-on-chip models and engineering microtissues. Microfluidic design can cleverly control geometry, biochemical gradients and mechanical stimuli, such as shear and interstitial flow, to more closely mimic in vivo conditions. In vitro vascular networks are generated by two distinct approaches: via endothelial-lined patterned channels, or by self-assembled networks. Each system has its own benefits and is amenable to the study of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and cancer metastasis. Various techniques are employed in order to generate rapid perfusion of these networks within a variety of tissue and organ-mimicking models, some of which have shown recent success following implantation in vivo. Combined with tuneable hydrogels, microfluidics holds great promise for drug screening as well as in the development of prevascularized tissues for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Haase
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research & Technology, Singapore, Singapore
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150
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Zhang K, Wang M, Wang H, Liu Y, Buzzacott P, Xu W. Time Course of Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Decompression Bubbles in Rats. Front Physiol 2017; 8:181. [PMID: 28386238 PMCID: PMC5362629 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Decompression stress can cause endothelial injury, leading to systematic inflammation and prothrombotic phenomena. Our previous work found that endothelial injury following decompression correlated positively with bubble formation. This study aimed to investigate the time course of endothelial injury and the relationship with bubble amounts. Rats were subjected to a simulated air dive to 7 ATA for 90 min with rapid decompression. Bubbles were detected ultrasonically at the root of pulmonary arteries following decompression. Surviving rats were randomly divided into six groups according to sampling time following decompression (2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h). Three parameters, serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were identified from our previous study and measured. The level of MDA reached a peak level at 12 h post decompression, and then decreased gradually to control level before 72 h. For both ET-1 and ICAM-1, the greatest expression appeared at 24 h following surfacing, and the increases lasted for more than 72 h. These changes correlated positively with bubble counts at most detection time points. This study reveals the progress of endothelial dysfunction following decompression which provides guidance for timing the determination at least for the current model. The results further verify that bubbles are the causative agents of decompression induced endothelial damage and bubble amounts are an objective and suitable parameter to predict endothelial dysfunction. Most importantly, levels of endothelial biomarkers post dive may serve as sensitive parameters for assessing bubble load and decompression stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Haowen Wang
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Yinuo Liu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Buzzacott
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China; School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Weigang Xu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
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