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Wang XR, Lian XL, Su TT, Long TF, Li MY, Feng XY, Sun RY, Cui ZH, Tang T, Xia J, Huang T, Liu YH, Liao XP, Fang LX, Sun J. Duck wastes as a potential reservoir of novel antibiotic resistance genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144828. [PMID: 33545481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Overuse of antibiotics in animal husbandry has led to an increase of antibiotic resistance microorganisms as well as antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). Duck farming in China is practiced on a large and diverse scale and the overuse of antibiotics in this field is gaining attention recently. We evaluated the diversity of ARGs from five duck farms using a functional metagenomic approach and constructed five libraries. A total of seventy-six resistant determinants were identified, of which sixty-one were gene variants or novel genes. The novel genes contained five β-lactamase-encoding genes designated as blaDWA1, blaDWA2, blaDWA3, blaDWA4 and blaDWB1, respectively, and two genes conferring resistance to fosfomycin designated as fosA-like1 and fosA-like2. Three of the five β-lactamase-encoding genes were further identified as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) that can hydrolyze both penicillins and cephalosporins. Besides, two of the five β-lactamase-encoding genes were associated with mobile genetic elements, indicating a high potential for transfer of the genes to other bacterial hosts. The two novel fosA-like genes were able to increase the MICs of the test Escherichia coli strain from 2 μg/mL to as high as 256 μg/mL(up to 128-fold increase). Our study provides a reference for ARGs prevalence in duck farm wastes and implies that they are an important resistome reservoir, especially for novel ARGs with high spread potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ran Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Lei Lian
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Tian Su
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng-Fei Long
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Li
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Feng
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruan-Yang Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Hua Cui
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xia
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Huang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wen C, Yan W, Mai C, Duan Z, Zheng J, Sun C, Yang N. Joint contributions of the gut microbiota and host genetics to feed efficiency in chickens. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:126. [PMID: 34074340 PMCID: PMC8171024 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feed contributes most to livestock production costs. Improving feed efficiency is crucial to increase profitability and sustainability for animal production. Host genetics and the gut microbiota can both influence the host phenotype. However, the association between the gut microbiota and host genetics and their joint contribution to feed efficiency in chickens is largely unclear. RESULTS Here, we examined microbial data from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and feces in 206 chickens and their host genotypes and confirmed that the microbial phenotypes and co-occurrence networks exhibited dramatic spatial heterogeneity along the digestive tract. The correlations between host genetic kinship and gut microbial similarities within different sampling sites were weak, with coefficients ranging from - 0.07 to 0.08. However, microbial genome-wide analysis revealed that genetic markers near or inside the genes MTHFD1L and LARGE1 were associated with the abundances of cecal Megasphaera and Parabacteroides, respectively. The effect of host genetics on residual feed intake (RFI) was 39%. We further identified three independent genetic variations that were related to feed efficiency and had a modest effect on the gut microbiota. The contributions of the gut microbiota from the different parts of the intestinal tract on RFI were distinct. The cecal microbiota accounted for 28% of the RFI variance, a value higher than that explained by the duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and fecal microbiota. Additionally, six bacteria exhibited significant associations with RFI. Specifically, lower abundances of duodenal Akkermansia muciniphila and cecal Parabacteroides and higher abundances of cecal Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Coprobacillus, and Slackia were related to better feed efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Our findings solidified the notion that both host genetics and the gut microbiota, especially the cecal microbiota, can drive the variation in feed efficiency. Although host genetics has a limited effect on the entire microbial community, a small fraction of gut microorganisms tends to interact with host genes, jointly contributing to feed efficiency. Therefore, the gut microbiota and host genetic variations can be simultaneously targeted by favoring more-efficient taxa and selective breeding to improve feed efficiency in chickens. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoliang Wen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunning Mai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongyi Duan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Congjiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Lactobacillus casei protects intestinal mucosa from damage in chicks caused by Salmonella pullorum via regulating immunity and the Wnt signaling pathway and maintaining the abundance of gut microbiota. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101283. [PMID: 34229217 PMCID: PMC8261010 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the intestinal mucosal barrier of chicks caused by Salmonella pullorum is of great harm to the poultry industry. Probiotics are recognized for their beneficial health-promoting properties, promoting maintenance of bowel epithelial integrity and host immune system homeostasis. Our previous research showed that Lactobacillus casei protects jejunal mucosa from injury in chicks infected with S. pullorum. However, the specific mechanisms underlying its protective properties are still not fully understood. In the present study, we aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of L. casei on the intestinal mucosal barrier of chicks infected with S. pullorum through histological, immunological, and molecular biology methods. The results indicated that L. casei significantly reduced the diarrhea rate, increased the daily weight gain, and maintained normal levels of IgA, IgM, and IgG in the serum of chicks infected with S. pullorum. Furthermore, we found that L. casei markedly improved the immunity of gut mucosa by regulating cytokine and chemokine receptor balance, elevating the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes, and hence effectively restraining bowel inflammation. Strikingly, feeding of infected chicks with L. casei notably boosted interleukin-22 expression to activate the Wingless-Int pathway, moderated diamine oxidase and D-lactic acid levels, diminished the generation of myosin light chain kinase, and expanded tight junction protein levels (Zonulin-1 and Claudin-1), strengthening the function of the gut mucosal epithelium. In addition, experiments using 16S rDNA sequencing also demonstrated that L. casei immensely weakened the adhesion of S. pullorum, mainly manifesting as improved diversity of the intestinal microbiota in the V4 area of infected chicks. Taken together, these results show that the application of L. casei may be a good strategy to regulate the intestinal inflammatory response of chicks infected with S. pullorum, providing new perspectives in producing antibiotic substitutes in poultry farms.
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Selim S, Abdel-Megeid NS, Abou-Elnaga MK, Mahmoud SF. Early Nutrition with Different Diets Composition versus Fasting on Immunity-Related Gene Expression and Histomorphology of Digestive and Lymphoid Organs of Layer-Type Chicks. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061568. [PMID: 34072069 PMCID: PMC8227775 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With the continuous improvement in the progress of poultry industry, a better understanding of the avian immune system is necessary. A prolonged holding period (36–72 h), along with a delay in access to feed and/or water post-hatching, has a negative influence on performance, intestinal histomorphology, and the immune system development of chicks. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of early feeding with different diet composition or delayed feeding during the first 72 h of chick’s life on the expression of immunity-related genes and histomorphology of digestive and lymphoid organs of layer-type chicks. Early nutrition post-hatching had no negative effect on the development of the lymphoid and digestive organs in chicks. Histomorphological examination revealed an increase in cortex and cortex:medulla of thymus and bursa in the early fed groups compared to the fasted ones, with resultant impacts on the primary lymphoid organs. Higher germinal center areas and white pulp of the spleen were recorded in the early fed chicks, implying augmented proliferation and maturation of B cells in the secondary lymphoid organs. In the liver, a strong positive reaction to Best’s carmine stain in the early fed groups, indicating that the liver of these chicks had numerous glycogen granules in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. The expression levels of splenic-immunity related genes were up-regulated in most of the early fed chicks at 14 day of age. Our findings suggested that early feeding post-hatch can modify the splenic-immunity related genes and modulate the histomorphology of the digestive (liver and proventriculus) and lymphoid organ in layer-type chicks during the early life post-hatching. Abstract Early feeding post-hatching (EFPH) can impact the immune response and modify the immunity-related gene expression. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effects of EFPH with different diets composition versus fasting during the first 72 h of chick’s life on the histomorphological structures of the liver, proventriculus, central and peripheral lymphoid organs, and immunity-related genes in layer-type chicks during the brooding period. A total of 400 chicks were randomly allotted into 4 groups with 4 replicates each. The experimental groups during the first 72 h of life were: feed and water deprivation (control, T1), feeding a starter layer diet (20% CP and 11.84 MJ/kg ME, T2), feeding a starter layer diet contained 3% molasses in its composition (20% CP and 11.81 MJ/kg ME; T3), and feeding a starter broiler diet (23% CP and 12.68 MJ/kg ME, T4). After the first 72 h of chick’s life, all chicks were fed ad libitum the T2 diet. EFPH had no negative effect on the development of the lymphoid or digestive organs in chicks. Greater relative weights of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius (p < 0.05) were observed in the early fed chicks compared to control at day 14 of age. Histomorphological examination revealed an increase (p < 0.05) in thymus cortex and cortex:medulla in the T3 and T4 groups compared to the fasted ones at day 28 of age. Pelicae height, follicular width, cortex, and cortex:medulla of bursa were improved (p < 0.01) in the fed groups compared to fasted chicks, with resultant influences on the primary lymphoid organs. Compared to control, higher germinal center areas and white pulp of the spleen (p < 0.05) were recorded in the early fed chicks, implying augmented proliferation and maturation of B cells in the secondary lymphoid organs. In the liver, a strong positive reaction to Best’s carmine stain in the early fed groups, indicating that the liver of these chicks had numerous glycogen granules or greater glycogen density in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. There was a significant enhancement in the proventriculus mucosal and gland thickness, as well as fold height (p < 0.05) in the early fed chicks. The expression levels of splenic Toll-like receptor 2, interleukin 4, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon gamma were up-regulated (p < 0.01) in most of the early fed chicks (T2, T3, and T4) compared to fasted ones at 14 day of age. In conclusion, EFPH could modify the splenic-immunity related genes and modulate the histomorphology of the digestive (liver and proventriculus) and lymphoid organs in layer-type chicks during the brooding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Selim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Menoufia, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Nazema S. Abdel-Megeid
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Manal K. Abou-Elnaga
- Department of Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Menoufia, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt;
| | - Samy F. Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
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Zhou J, Yao J, Bai L, Sun C, Lu J. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of gEGF on the Growth Performance and Immunity of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051394. [PMID: 34068418 PMCID: PMC8153569 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
EGF has been shown to stimulate the growth of animals. In this study, the content of EGF in chicken embryos (gallus EGF, gEGF) aged from 1 to 20 days of incubation were determined by ELISA kit, and the 5-day-old chicken embryos with the highest content of 5593 pg/g were selected to make gEGF crude extracts. A total of 1500 1-day-old Xianju chickens were randomly divided into five groups with six replicates of 50 chickens each. The control group was fed a basal diet, and other treatment diets were supplemented with 4, 8, 16 and 32 ng/kg gEGF crude extract, respectively. The experiment lasted for 30 days. Chicks were harvested at the end of the experiment, and liver, spleen, thymus, bursa and serum samples were collected. Results showed that average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of 16 ng/kg group were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The serum uric acid (UA) of the 16 ng/kg group was reduced (p < 0.01), and the serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) of the 16 ng/kg group increased (p < 0.01). The gEGF extract also increased chick's antioxidant capacity, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased catalase (CAT) in the liver and serum of 16 ng/kg groups in compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, immunity was improved by the addition of gEGF to broiler diets. The serum immunoglobin A (IgA) content of 8 and 16 ng/kg groups and the serum immunoglobin M (IgM) content of 4 and 8 ng/kg groups were increased (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. The bursa index of each experimental group was higher than the control group (p < 0.01). These findings demonstrate that the crude extract of gEGF prepared in this experiment could improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhou
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yongyou Industry Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya 572000, China;
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Y.); (L.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Jingyi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Y.); (L.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Luhong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Y.); (L.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Chuansong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Y.); (L.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Y.); (L.B.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-88982511
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Pollution by Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance in LiveStock and Poultry Manure in China, and Countermeasures. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050539. [PMID: 34066587 PMCID: PMC8148549 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for animal protein has increased considerably worldwide, especially in China, where large numbers of livestock and poultry are produced. Antibiotics have been widely applied to promote growth and prevent diseases. However, the overuse of antibiotics in animal feed has caused serious environmental and health risks, especially the wide spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which seriously affects animal and human health, food safety, ecosystems, and the sustainable future development of animal protein production. Unfortunately, AMR has already become a worldwide challenge, so international cooperation is becoming more important for combatting it. China’s efforts and determination to restrict antibiotic usage through law enforcement and effective management are of significance. In this review, we address the pollution problems of antibiotics; in particular, the AMR in water, soil, and plants caused by livestock and poultry manure in China. The negative impact of widespread and intensive use of antibiotics in livestock production is discussed. To reduce and mitigate AMR problems, we emphasize in this review the development of antibiotic substitutes for the era of antibiotic prohibition.
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Warren MF, Livingston KA. Implications of Vitamin D Research in Chickens can Advance Human Nutrition and Perspectives for the Future. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab018. [PMID: 33977215 PMCID: PMC7929256 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of vitamin D insufficiency in humans is a global problem that requires improving ways to increase vitamin D intake. Supplements are a primary means for increasing vitamin D intake, but without a clear consensus on what constitutes vitamin D sufficiency, there is toxicity risk with taking supplements. Chickens have been used in many vitamin-D-related research studies, especially studies involving vitamin D supplementation. Our state-of-the-art review evaluates vitamin D metabolism and how the different hydroxylated forms are synthesized. We provide an overview of how vitamin D is absorbed, transported, excreted, and what tissues in the body store vitamin D metabolites. We also discuss a number of studies involving vitamin D supplementation with broilers and laying hens. Vitamin D deficiency and toxicity are also described and how they can be caused. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is important for vitamin D metabolism; however, there is much more to understand about VDR in chickens. Potential research aims involving vitamin D and chickens should explore VDR mechanisms that could lead to newer insights into VDR. Utilizing chickens in future research to help elucidate vitamin D mechanisms has great potential to advance human nutrition. Finding ways to increase vitamin D intake will be necessary because the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is leading to increased risk of vitamin D deficiency in many populations. Chickens can provide a dual purpose with addressing pandemic-caused vitamin D deficiency: 1) vitamin D supplementation gives chickens added-value with the possibility of leading to vitamin-D-enriched meat and egg products; and 2) using chickens in research provides data for translational research. We believe expanding vitamin-D-related research in chickens to include more nutritional aims in vitamin D status has great implications for developing better strategies to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Warren
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kimberly A Livingston
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN, USA
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Zha M, Li K, Zhang W, Sun Z, Kwok LY, Menghe B, Chen Y. Untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach unveils molecular changes in milk fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum P9. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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109
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Xiao SS, Mi JD, Mei L, Liang J, Feng KX, Wu YB, Liao XD, Wang Y. Microbial Diversity and Community Variation in the Intestines of Layer Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030840. [PMID: 33809729 PMCID: PMC8002243 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is increasingly recognized as an important component of host health, metabolism and immunity. Early gut colonizers are pivotal in the establishment of microbial community structures affecting the health and growth performance of chickens. White Lohmann layer is a common commercial breed. Therefore, this breed was selected to study the pattern of changes of microbiota with age. In this study, the duodenum, caecum and colorectum contents of white Lohmann layer chickens from same environment control farm were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing to explore the spatial and temporal variations in intestinal microbiota. The results showed that the diversity of the microbial community structure in the duodenum, caecum and colorectum increased with age and tended to be stable when the layer chickens reached 50 days of age and the distinct succession patterns of the intestinal microbiota between the duodenum and large intestine (caecum and colorectum). On day 0, the diversity of microbes in the duodenum was higher than that in the caecum and colorectum, but the compositions of intestinal microbes were relatively similar, with facultative anaerobic Proteobacteria as the main microbes. However, the relative abundance of facultative anaerobic bacteria (Escherichia) gradually decreased and was replaced by anaerobic bacteria (Bacteroides and Ruminococcaceae). By day 50, the structure of intestinal microbes had gradually become stable, and Lactobacillus was the dominant bacteria in the duodenum (41.1%). The compositions of dominant microbes in the caecum and colorectum were more complex, but there were certain similarities. Bacteroides, Odoribacter and Clostridiales vadin BB60 group were dominant. The results of this study provide evidence that time and spatial factors are important factors affecting the intestinal microbiota composition. This study provides new knowledge of the intestinal microbiota colonization pattern of layer chickens in early life to improve the intestinal health of layer chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.-S.X.); (J.-D.M.); (L.M.); (K.-X.F.); (Y.-B.W.); (X.-D.L.)
| | - Jian-Dui Mi
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.-S.X.); (J.-D.M.); (L.M.); (K.-X.F.); (Y.-B.W.); (X.-D.L.)
| | - Liang Mei
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.-S.X.); (J.-D.M.); (L.M.); (K.-X.F.); (Y.-B.W.); (X.-D.L.)
| | - Juanboo Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Kun-Xian Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.-S.X.); (J.-D.M.); (L.M.); (K.-X.F.); (Y.-B.W.); (X.-D.L.)
| | - Yin-Bao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.-S.X.); (J.-D.M.); (L.M.); (K.-X.F.); (Y.-B.W.); (X.-D.L.)
| | - Xin-Di Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.-S.X.); (J.-D.M.); (L.M.); (K.-X.F.); (Y.-B.W.); (X.-D.L.)
| | - Yan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.-S.X.); (J.-D.M.); (L.M.); (K.-X.F.); (Y.-B.W.); (X.-D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-85280279; Fax: +86-20-85280740
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Li R, Zhou T, Khan A, Ling Z, Sharma M, Feng P, Ali G, Saif I, Wang H, Li X, Liu P. Feed-additive of bioengineering strain with surface-displayed laccase degrades sulfadiazine in broiler manure and maintains intestinal flora structure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124440. [PMID: 33302188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) are excreted into the ecosystem unchanged through feces and urine because of their low adsorption and degradation in the guts of humans and animals. In this study, a novel whole-cell biocatalyst with fungal laccase on the cell surface of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 was developed to degrade sulfadiazine (SDZ). Engineered strain EcN-IL showed laccase enzyme activity of 2 ± 1 U/mg dry weight of cell and degraded 37 ± 1% of SDZ at temperature 40 °C and pH 5 within 3 h in vitro. Strain EcN-IL with 500 mg/kg of SDZ was employed as a food supplement to feed chicken broilers, which can reduce the residue of SDZ in broiler manure by 58 ± 2% and also reduced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota due to overuse of antibiotics. The genetically engineered EcN-IL has laid a foundation for degrading SDZ in broilers and their manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Biorer mediation for Environment Pollution. School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, 222, South Tianshui rd, Lanzhou 730000 Gansu, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshuinan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.
| | - Tuoyu Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshuinan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.
| | - Aman Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshuinan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Zhenmin Ling
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshuinan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Monika Sharma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshuinan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Pengya Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshuinan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Gohar Ali
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshuinan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Irfan Saif
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshuinan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Haoyang Wang
- McMaster University, 303-2, 1100 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshuinan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.
| | - Pu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Biorer mediation for Environment Pollution. School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, 222, South Tianshui rd, Lanzhou 730000 Gansu, PR China.
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111
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Gupta M, Pattanaik AK, Singh A, Sharma S, Jadhav SE. An appraisal of the gut health modulatory effects of a calf faecal-origin probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius CPN60 using Wistar rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1340-1348. [PMID: 32812651 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics of varied origins are being developed for augmenting the gut health of human and animals. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a calf-origin probiotic supplement on the gut health of Wistar rats for both healthy and colitis conditions. RESULTS Forty-eight rats were randomly distributed into four equal groups. The 42-day study involved feeding basal diet alone (CON) or diet supplemented with the calf-origin Lactobacillus salivarius strain CPN60 (PRO). The third (CONc) and fourth (PROc) groups of rats also received the same dietary treatments (CON and PRO, respectively) but were subjected to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis after 32 days of feeding. The results of a digestion trial conducted after 5 days of DSS administration revealed no influence of probiotic on the digestibility of nutrients. However, the reduced digestibility of protein and fat seen in the CONc rats was improved in the PROc group. The concentrations of lactate and acetate, propionate and butyrate, as well as total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), were increased (P < 0.05) in the caecal and colonic digesta upon probiotic supplementation, together with significantly reduced colonic ammonia levels. Furthermore, there were reductions (P < 0.05) in acetate, butyrate and total SCFA levels in the caecal contents as a result of colitis. Probiotic supplementation increased (P < 0.05) lactobacilli and bifidobacteria counts in the colon, whereas clostridia and coliform counts were reduced (P < 0.05). These were reversed by the probiotic supplementation. CONCLUSION Dietary supplementation of L. salivarius CPN60 had a positive effect with respect to improving the overall gut health of healthy rats, as well as that of rats exposed to experimental colitis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokshata Gupta
- Clinical & Pet Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Ashok K Pattanaik
- Clinical & Pet Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Asmita Singh
- Clinical & Pet Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Clinical & Pet Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Sunil E Jadhav
- Clinical & Pet Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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112
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Impact of a Novel Nano-Protectant on the Viability of Probiotic Bacterium Lactobacillus casei K17. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030529. [PMID: 33806323 PMCID: PMC8001848 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are considered as desirable alternatives to antibiotics because of their beneficial effects on the safety and economy of farm animals. The protectant can ensure the viability of probiotics, which is the prerequisite of the beneficial effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel nano-protectant containing trehalose, skim milk powder, phytoglycogen nanoparticles, and nano-phytoglycogen Pickering emulsions on the viability of Lactobacillus casei K17 under different conditions. The results indicated that the optimal concentration of the carbohydrate substrate was determined to be 10% skim milk powder (w/w) instead of trehalose. The combination of 10% skim milk powder (w/w), 1% phytoglycogen nanoparticles (w/w), and 10% Pickering emulsions (w/w) was selected as the optimal component of the protectant. Trilayer protectants with an optimal component had a more significant protective effect on the bacteria than that of the monolayer and bilayer protectants, or the control in feed storage, freeze-drying, and simulated gastrointestinal environment. A scanning electron microscope was used to monitor the morphological characteristics of the protectants for different layers on L. casei. In conclusion, the trilayer protectant exhibited a substantial effect on L. casei during storage and consumption, which could be used in the feed and functional food.
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113
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Wang C, Liu Q, Ye F, Tang H, Xiong Y, Wu Y, Wang L, Feng X, Zhang S, Wan Y, Huang J. Dietary purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) promotes the growth performance of broilers by modulation of gut microbiota. AMB Express 2021; 11:31. [PMID: 33620605 PMCID: PMC7902751 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purslane is a widespread wild vegetable with both medicinal and edible properties. It is highly appreciated for its high nutritional value and is also considered as a high-quality feed resource for livestock and poultry. In this study, Sanhuang broilers were used to investigate the effect of feeding purslane diets on the growth performance in broilers and their gut microbiota. A total of 48 birds with good growth and uniform weight were selected and randomly allocated to four treatment groups A (control), B, C and D. Dietary treatments were fed with basal diet without purslane and diets containing 1%, 2% and 3% purslane. The 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform to analyze the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in the four sets of samples. The results showed that dietary inclusion of 2% and 3% purslane could significantly improve the growth performance and reduce the feed conversion ratio. Microbial diversity analysis indicated that the composition of gut microbiota of Sanhuang broilers mainly included Gallibacterium, Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella, etc. As the content of purslane was increased, the abundance of Lactobacillus increased significantly, and Escherichia-Shigella decreased. LEfSe analysis revealed that Bacteroides_caecigallinarum, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillales and Firmicutes had significant differences compared with the control group. PICRUSt analysis revealed bacteria mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism pathway due to the additon of purslane in the diet. These results suggest that the addition of purslane to feed could increase the abundance of Lactobacillus in intestine, modulate the environment of gut microbiota and promote the metabolism of carbohydrates to improve its growth performance. This study indicates that the effect of purslane on the growth-promoting performance of broilers might depend on its modulation on gut microbiota, so as to provide a certain scientific basis for the application of purslane in the feed industry.
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114
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Wiersema ML, Koester LR, Schmitz-Esser S, Koltes DA. Comparison of intestinal permeability, morphology, and ileal microbial communities of commercial hens housed in conventional cages and cage-free housing systems. Poult Sci 2021; 100:1178-1191. [PMID: 33518076 PMCID: PMC7858161 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal health of poultry can be impacted by a variety of factors including their environment. As egg production moves from conventional cage housing (CC) toward cage-free housing (CF), it is important to understand this impact on intestinal health. This study was conducted to determine if housing type impacted intestinal permeability, morphology, and microbial communities in commercial hens across housing systems. Hens were randomly selected from 2 rooms of CC (n = 25) and CF (n = 25) at a commercial facility. Birds were given fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-D) by oral gavage to measure intestinal permeability. Jejunal and ileal samples were collected to evaluate villus height, crypt depth, and their ratio. Ileal contents were collected for bacterial DNA isolation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Serum FITC-D was similar between housing type (P = 0.709). Hens housed in the CF had increased jejunal villus height and crypt depth compared with hens from the CC (P < 0.002). Hens from the CC tended to have a greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in both the jejunum and ileum compared with the CF (P = 0.064; P = 0.091, respectively). Microbial community diversity measurements favored hens housed in the CC as ileal contents tended to have increased species richness (P = 0.059), had greater alpha diversity (P = 0.044), and had an increased number of over represented operational taxonomic units (46/64), including Romboutsia sp. (30.80%), Lactobacillus kitasatonis (17.16%), and Lactobacillus aviarius (11.15%). Correlations between microbial communities with intestinal traits identified significant association with the greatest number of correlations with FITC-D and ileal morphology. Many of these correlations identified microbial communities associated with expected traits; thus, providing limited functional data to microbial communities with limited information. The greater number of correlations of ileal morphology with ileal microbial communities suggesting local microbial communities contribute to the intestinal environment distant. In this limited study, several parameters favored hens from CC suggesting an advantage of this system for intestinal health. However, the lower intestinal health parameters observed in CF were not at levels to indicate detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas R Koester
- Vet Microbiology & Preventive Medicine and Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames
| | | | - Dawn A Koltes
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames.
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Yue Y, He Z, Zhou Y, Ross RP, Stanton C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Yang B, Chen W. Lactobacillus plantarum relieves diarrhea caused by enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli through inflammation modulation and gut microbiota regulation. Food Funct 2020; 11:10362-10374. [PMID: 33220669 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02670k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum can relieve diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), but the remission mechanism has not been fully explained. This study compares the ability of four Lactobacillus plantarum strains from different niches to alleviate diarrhea caused by ETEC infection and explores their potential remission manner. The results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM1143 had the most obvious protective effect on diarrhea caused by ETEC. FGDLZ1M5, FCQNA30M6 and CCFM1143 reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-6 as well as jejunal injury. Moreover, FCQNA30M6 and CCFM1143 increased the aquaporin AQP3, and CCFM1143 increased interleukin (IL)-10 and decreased heat-stable enterotoxin (ST), while FGDLZ1M5 reduced the toll-like receptor (TLR4). The gut microbiota analysis demonstrated that ETEC increased Proteus and Pseudomonas and reduced Bifidobacterium, Odoribacter, Allobaculum and Blautia. A supplement of Lactobacillus plantarum could reconstruct the unbalanced gut microbiota. Furthermore, CCFM1143 significantly increased butyric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and isobutyric acid, while FGDLZ1M5 only increased butyric acid. In summary, Lactobacillus plantarum alleviated ETEC-induced diarrhea by regulating the inflammatory cytokines, rebalancing the gut microbiota and modulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generation, which could provide the foundation and support for subsequent clinical trials and probiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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116
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Meijerink N, Kers JG, Velkers FC, van Haarlem DA, Lamot DM, de Oliveira JE, Smidt H, Stegeman JA, Rutten VPMG, Jansen CA. Early Life Inoculation With Adult-Derived Microbiota Accelerates Maturation of Intestinal Microbiota and Enhances NK Cell Activation in Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:584561. [PMID: 33330708 PMCID: PMC7710667 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.584561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in mammals, including chickens, have shown that the development of the immune system is affected by interactions with intestinal microbiota. Early life microbial colonization may affect the development of innate and adaptive immunity and may contribute to lasting effects on health and resilience of broiler chickens. We inoculated broiler chickens with adult-derived-microbiota (AM) to investigate their effects on intestinal microbiota composition and natural killer (NK) cells, amongst other immune cells. We hypothesized that AM inoculation directly upon hatch (day 0) would induce an alteration in microbiota composition shortly after hatch, and subsequently affect (subsets of) intestinal NK cells and their activation. Microbiota composition of caecal and ileal content of chickens of 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 35 days of age was assessed by sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons. In parallel, subsets and activation of intestinal NK cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. In caecal content of 1- and 3-day-old AM chickens, a higher alpha-diversity (Faith's phylogenetic diversity) was observed compared to control chickens, whereas ileal microbiota were unaffected. Regarding beta-diversity, caecal microbiota profiles could be clustered into three distinct community types. Cluster A represented caecal microbiota of 1-day-old AM chickens and 1- and 3-day-old control chickens. Cluster B included microbiota of seven of eight 3- and 7-day-old AM and 7-day-old control chickens, and cluster C comprised microbiota of all chickens of 14-days and older, independent of inoculation. In 3-day-old AM chickens an increase in the percentages of intestinal IL-2Rα+NK cells and activated NK cells was observed compared to control chickens of the same age. In addition, an increase in relative numbers of intestinal cytotoxic CD8αα+T cells was observed in 14- and 21-day-old AM chickens. Taken together, these results indicate that early exposure to AM shapes and accelerates the maturation of caecal microbiota, which is paralleled by an increase in IL-2Rα+NK cells and enhanced NK cell activation. The observed association between early life development of intestinal microbiota and immune system indicates possibilities to apply microbiota-targeted strategies that can accelerate maturation of intestinal microbiota and strengthen the immune system, thereby improving the health and resilience of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Meijerink
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jannigje G. Kers
- Division Farm Animal Health, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Francisca C. Velkers
- Division Farm Animal Health, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daphne A. van Haarlem
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - David M. Lamot
- Cargill Animal Nutrition and Health Innovation Center, Velddriel, Netherlands
| | | | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - J. Arjan Stegeman
- Division Farm Animal Health, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Victor P. M. G. Rutten
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christine A. Jansen
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Zhu C, Huang K, Bai Y, Feng X, Gong L, Wei C, Huang H, Zhang H. Dietary supplementation with berberine improves growth performance and modulates the composition and function of cecal microbiota in yellow-feathered broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 100:1034-1048. [PMID: 33518062 PMCID: PMC7858044 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of berberine (BBR) on growth performance and composition and function of cecal microbiota in yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old female broilers were assigned to 3 dietary treatments, each with 6 replicates of 20 birds. The dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet as negative control (NC), basal plus 200 mg/kg oxytetracycline calcium and 250 mg/kg nasiheptide as an antibiotic positive control (PC), and basal plus 250 mg/kg BBR. On day 21, 42, and 63, one chicken from each replicate was randomly selected for blood collection and cecal sampling. The 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the community composition and function of cecal microbiota. Dietary supplementation with antibiotics or BBR increased the final body weight (BW) at day 63 and the average daily gain (ADG) during 1 to 21 d compared with the NC (P < 0.05). Supplementation with BBR improved the average daily feed intake (ADFI) at 22 to 42 d, 43 to 63 d, and 1 to 63 d (P < 0.05). Feed efficiency, indicated by feed to gain ratio (F/G), increased with PC during day 1 to 21 compared with NC (P < 0.05). The plasma concentrations of total protein at 42 d and uric acid at 21 d were increased, whereas creatine concentration at 63 d was decreased by BBR treatment (P < 0.05). The Chao 1 and Shannon index representing microbial α-diversity was reduced by BBR treatment (P < 0.05). The abundances of phylum Firmicutes and genera Lachnospiraceae, Lachnoclostridium, Clostridiales, and Intestinimonas were decreased, whereas the abundances of phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Bacteroides were increased with BBR treatment. Functional prediction of microbiota revealed that BBR treatment enriched pathways related to metabolism, organismal systems, and genetic information processing, especially DNA replication. The abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, and genera Bacteroides and Lactobacillus in cecal contents were positively correlated with broiler growth performance. These results demonstrated dietary BBR supplementation improved the growth performance of yellow-feathered broilers, and was closely related to the significant changes in cecal microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China.
| | - Kaiyong Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yinshan Bai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Xin Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Li Gong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Chuangxin Wei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Hanze Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China.
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Cao X, Tang L, Zeng Z, Wang B, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Zou P, Li W. Effects of Probiotics BaSC06 on Intestinal Digestion and Absorption, Antioxidant Capacity, Microbiota Composition, and Macrophage Polarization in Pigs for Fattening. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:570593. [PMID: 33240950 PMCID: PMC7677304 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.570593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of BaSC06 and antibiotics on growth, digestive functions, antioxidant capacity, macrophage polarization, and intestinal microbiota of pigs for fattening. A total of 117 pigs for fattening with similar weight and genetic basis were divided into 3 groups: Anti group (containing 40 g/t Kitasamycin in the diet), Anti+Ba group (containing 20 g/t Kitasamycin and 0.5 × 108 CFU/kg BaSC06 in the diet) and Ba group (containing 1 × 108 cfu/Kg BaSC06 in the diet without any antibiotics). Each treatment was performed in three replicates with 13 pigs per replicate. Results showed that BaSC06 replacement significantly improved the ADG (P < 0.05), intestinal digestion and absorption function by increasing the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes and the expression of glucose transporters SGLT1 (P < 0.05) and small peptide transporters PEPT1 (P < 0.05). Besides, BaSC06 supplementation enhanced intestinal and body antioxidant capacity by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant signaling pathway due to the increased expression of p-Nrf2 (P < 0.05). Notably, BaSC06 alleviated intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-8, IL-6, and MCP1 (P < 0.05), and simultaneously increasing the expression of M1 macrophage marker protein iNOS (P < 0.05) and M2 macrophage marker protein Arg (P < 0.05) in the intestinal mucosa. Moreover, BaSC06 promoted the polarization of macrophages to M2 phenotype by stimulating the STAT3 signaling pathway. It was also noted that BaSC06 improved microbiota composition by enhancing the proportion of Firmicutes, and reducing that of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Taken together, our results indicate that dietary supplementation of BaSC06 in pigs for fattening improves the growth, mucosal structure, antioxidative capacity, immune functions (including increasing M1 and M2 polarization of macrophage) and composition of intestinal microbiota, which is much better than antibiotics, suggesting that it is an effective alternative to antibiotics in the preparation of pig feed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, and Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
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Xi M, Li J, Hao G, An X, Song Y, Wei H, Ge W. Stachyose increases intestinal barrier through Akkermansia muciniphila and reduces gut inflammation in germ-free mice after human fecal transplantation. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kers JG, de Oliveira JE, Fischer EAJ, Tersteeg‐Zijderveld MHG, Konstanti P, Stegeman JA(A, Smidt H, Velkers FC. Associations between phenotypic characteristics and clinical parameters of broilers and intestinal microbial development throughout a production cycle: A field study. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1114. [PMID: 33068065 PMCID: PMC7658455 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in intestinal health are a common problem affecting commercial broiler chickens worldwide. Several studies have revealed associations between health, production performance, and intestinal microbiota. This study aimed to describe the development of the intestinal microbiota of broilers within a production cycle to evaluate to what extent clinical parameters and phenotypic characteristics can explain the intestinal microbiota variation. Of four well-performing flocks within two farms, the cecal content was collected of nine broilers at 0, 2, 4, or 5, 7, 11, or 12, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 40 days of the production cycle. In total, 342 samples were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Variables as macroscopic gut abnormalities, gut lesions, age, individual body weight, sex, footpad integrity, the color of ceca, and foam in cecal content were determined. Ileum tissue was collected for histological quantification of villus length and crypt depth. Flock infection levels of the intestinal disease coccidiosis were measured in pooled feces from the poultry house. Increases in phylogenetic diversity were observed from hatch until day 21 of age. Constrained multivariate analysis indicated that age, farm, body weight, ileum crypt depth, cecal color, and the coccidiosis lesion score were important variables to describe the variation in cecal microbiota. These results contribute to determining relevant variables in flocks that may be indicative of the intestinal microbiota composition. Moreover, this knowledge increases the awareness of interactions between the intestinal microbiota and broiler health as well as their relative importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannigje G. Kers
- Department of Population Health SciencesDivision of Farm Animal HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jean E. de Oliveira
- Cargill Animal Nutrition and HealthInnovation Center VelddrielVelddrielThe Netherlands
| | - Egil A. J. Fischer
- Department of Population Health SciencesDivision of Farm Animal HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Monique H. G. Tersteeg‐Zijderveld
- Department of Population Health SciencesInstitute for Risk Assessment SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Prokopis Konstanti
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Arend (Arjan) Stegeman
- Department of Population Health SciencesDivision of Farm Animal HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Francisca C. Velkers
- Department of Population Health SciencesDivision of Farm Animal HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Gao FZ, He LY, He LX, Zou HY, Zhang M, Wu DL, Liu YS, Shi YJ, Bai H, Ying GG. Untreated swine wastes changed antibiotic resistance and microbial community in the soils and impacted abundances of antibiotic resistance genes in the vegetables. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140482. [PMID: 32615438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Animal waste fertilization is a traditional agricultural practice, which may have adverse effects to soil ecosystem. However, the side-effects of animal waste fertilization on vegetables are less studied. Here we selected a swine farming village for investigation with a nearby village without swine farming as comparison. In the swine farming village, the farmers use untreated swine manure and wastewater as fertilizers for vegetable cultivation. In the reference village, the farmers mainly use commercial organic fertilizers. The objective of this study is to assess the impacts of untreated swine waste fertilization on both soils and vegetables in terms of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacterial microbial communities. The results indicate that untreated swine waste fertilization caused both antibiotic and ARG contaminations and changed the microbial community compositions in the soils. Varieties of tetracyclines and related resistance genes were detected especially in swine wastewater treated soils. The soil quality was impacted with the relations to bacterial abundances and microbial geochemical functions. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were prevalent and positively correlated to ARGs in soils, indicating they were potential antibiotic resistant bacteria. Antibiotics and ARGs were detected in vegetables of both villages. The abundances of ARGs were relatively higher in some vegetable samples of the swine farming village than the reference village. In addition, intracellular parasites Rickettsiales with positive correlation to ARGs were prevalent in some vegetables of swine farming village, indicating potential health risks through eating contaminated vegetables. The results of this study suggest that untreated swine wastes may cause adverse effects to not only agricultural soils but also associated vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhou Gao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liang-Ying He
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lu-Xi He
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zou
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dai-Ling Wu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi-Jing Shi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Bai
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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122
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Chen P, Xu H, Tang H, Zhao F, Yang C, Kwok L, Cong C, Wu Y, Zhang W, Zhou X, Zhang H. Modulation of gut mucosal microbiota as a mechanism of probiotics-based adjunctive therapy for ulcerative colitis. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:2032-2043. [PMID: 32969200 PMCID: PMC7533322 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This was a pilot study aiming to evaluate the effects of probiotics as adjunctive treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). Twenty-five active patients with UC were assigned to the probiotic (n = 12) and placebo (n = 13) groups. The probiotic group received mesalazine (60 mg kg-1 day-1 ) and oral probiotics (containing Lactobacillus casei Zhang, Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis V9) twice daily for 12 weeks, while the placebo group received the same amounts of mesalazine and placebo. The clinical outcomes were assessed. The gut mucosal microbiota was profiled by PacBio single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA of biopsy samples obtained by colonoscopy. A significantly greater magnitude of reduction was observed in the UC disease activity index (UCDAI) in the probiotic group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.043), accompanying by a higher remission rate (91.67% for probiotic-receivers versus 69.23% for placebo-receivers, P = 0.034). The probiotics could protect from diminishing of the microbiota diversity and richness. Moreover, the gut mucosal microbiota of the probiotic-receivers had significantly more beneficial bacteria like Eubacterium ramulus (P < 0.05), Pediococcus pentosaceus (P < 0.05), Bacteroides fragilis (P = 0.02) and Weissella cibaria (P = 0.04). Additionally, the relative abundances of the beneficial bacteria correlated significantly but negatively with the UCDAI score, suggesting that the probiotics might alleviate UC symptoms by modulating the gut mucosal microbiota. Our research has provided new insights into the mechanism of symptom alleviation in UC by applying probiotic-based adjunctive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot010050China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P. R. C.Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. C.Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China
| | - Hai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P. R. C.Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. C.Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China
| | - Feiyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P. R. C.Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. C.Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China
| | - Chengcong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P. R. C.Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. C.Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China
| | - Lai‐Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P. R. C.Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. C.Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China
| | - Chunli Cong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot010050China
| | - YanFang Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot010050China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P. R. C.Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. C.Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China
| | | | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P. R. C.Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. C.Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China
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Ye M, Wei C, Khalid A, Hu Q, Yang R, Dai B, Cheng H, Wang Z. Effect of Bacillus velezensis to substitute in-feed antibiotics on the production, blood biochemistry and egg quality indices of laying hens. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:400. [PMID: 33097070 PMCID: PMC7583257 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excessive use of antibiotics in the livestock feed industry caused inevitable side effects of microbial resistance. Besides this residual antibiotics in animal-derived foodstuff imposed serious health problems for humans. So this study aimed to investigate the potential use of Bacillus velezensis to substitute antibiotics for poultry production. A total of 468, 49-week-old Hy-Line Brown chickens, were randomly divided into four groups the control group (regular diet), experiment group I (0.1% B. veleznesis), experiment group II (0.2% B. veleznesis), and antibiotic group (50 mg/kg flavomycin), with three replicates per group and trial period consisted on 42 days. RESULTS The results showed that, compared with the control group, the average egg production rate and daily feed intake of experimental groups I and II increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the average egg weight was increased in experimental group II as compared to (I) (P < 0.01). The feed conversion ratio was decreased (P > 0.05) in group (II) Egg quality parameters such as yolk weight of the experimental group II was increased, but that of the antibiotic group and experiment group I was decreased, neither significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, the eggshell strength, yolk color, albumen height, and Haugh unit were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, probiotic groups can increase the progesterone and motilin (P > 0.05) but decrease the secretin and cholecystokinin in the blood plasma (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that B. velezensis can substitute in-feed-antibiotics and improved most of the study parameters significantly. Which suggested that B. velezensis has potential future application value to replace the feed antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Ye
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Wei
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Anam Khalid
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Hu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Yang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Binghong Dai
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hengwei Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, 270 S, Russell ST, IN, 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Zaigui Wang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China.
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124
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A respiratory commensal bacterium acts as a risk factor for Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 230:110127. [PMID: 33080531 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Commensal microbiota has been shown to play an important role in local infections. However, the correlation between host respiratory microbiota and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection is not well characterized. Here, the results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that MG infection correlated with alteration in respiratory microbiota of chickens characterized by decreased richness and diversity. To explore whether respiratory microbiota contributed to MG infection, an antibiotics cocktail was used to deplete respiratory microbiota. It has been found that depletion of respiratory Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria promoted MG infection, as reflected in the form of increased MG colonization, pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteins expression, and severe lung damage compared to the control group. Importantly, depletion of Gram-negative bacteria in respiratory tract mitigated MG infection, which indicated that certain Gram-negative bacteria may promote MG infection. By reconstitution of individual cultivable respiratory tract bacteria in antibiotic-treated chickens, a respiratory commensal microbe Serratia marcescens was identified to facilitate MG infection. We further found that Serratia marcescens may promote MG infection by downregulating Mucin 2 (MUC2) and tight junction related gene mRNA expression levels in trachea and lung tissues. Together, our data demonstrated that MG infection induced disturbed respiratory microbiota and the specific respiratory commensal bacterium Serratia marcescens could promote MG infection, and thus expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of MG infection.
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125
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KOWALSKA JUSTYNAD, NOWAK ADRIANA, ŚLIŻEWSKA KATARZYNA, STAŃCZYK MAŁGORZATA, ŁUKASIAK MAGDALENA, DASTYCH JAROSŁAW. Anti-Salmonella Potential of New Lactobacillus Strains with the Application in the Poultry Industry. Pol J Microbiol 2020; 69:5-18. [PMID: 32189480 PMCID: PMC7256722 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2020-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are considered an alternative to antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of Salmonella diseases in poultry. However, to use probiotics as proposed above, it is necessary to evaluate their properties in detail and to select the most effective bacterial strains in the application targeted. In this study, probiotic properties of new Lactobacillus sp. strains were investigated and their antimicrobial activity against 125 environmental strains of Salmonella sp. was determined using the agar slab method. Furthermore, their survival in the presence of bile salts and at low pH, antibiotics susceptibility, aggregation and coaggregation ability, adherence to polystyrene and Caco-2 cells, and cytotoxicity were investigated. Each strain tested showed antagonistic activity against at least 96% of the environmental Salmonella sp. strains and thus representing a highly epidemiologically differentiated collection of poultry isolates. In addition, the probiotic properties of new Lactobacillus strains are promising. Therefore, all strains examined showed a high potential for use in poultry against salmonellosis. Probiotics are considered an alternative to antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of Salmonella diseases in poultry. However, to use probiotics as proposed above, it is necessary to evaluate their properties in detail and to select the most effective bacterial strains in the application targeted. In this study, probiotic properties of new Lactobacillus sp. strains were investigated and their antimicrobial activity against 125 environmental strains of Salmonella sp. was determined using the agar slab method. Furthermore, their survival in the presence of bile salts and at low pH, antibiotics susceptibility, aggregation and coaggregation ability, adherence to polystyrene and Caco-2 cells, and cytotoxicity were investigated. Each strain tested showed antagonistic activity against at least 96% of the environmental Salmonella sp. strains and thus representing a highly epidemiologically differentiated collection of poultry isolates. In addition, the probiotic properties of new Lactobacillus strains are promising. Therefore, all strains examined showed a high potential for use in poultry against salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - ADRIANA NOWAK
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - KATARZYNA ŚLIŻEWSKA
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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Fang S, Chen X, Ye X, Zhou L, Xue S, Gan Q. Effects of Gut Microbiome and Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) on Finishing Weight of Meat Rabbits. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1835. [PMID: 32849435 PMCID: PMC7431612 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) affect finishing weight is beneficial to improve meat production in the meat rabbit industry. In this study, we identified 15 OTUs and 23 microbial species associated with finishing weight using 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing analysis, respectively. Among these, butyrate-producing bacteria of the family Ruminococcaceae were positively associated with finishing weight, whereas the microbial taxa related to intestinal damage and inflammation showed opposite effects. Furthermore, interactions of these microbial taxa were firstly found to be associated with finishing weight. Gut microbial functional capacity analysis revealed that CAZymes, such as galactosidase, xylanase, and glucosidase, could significantly affect finishing weight, given their roles in regulating nutrient digestibility. GOs related to the metabolism of several carbohydrates and amino acids also showed important effects on finishing weight. Additionally, both KOs and KEGG pathways related to the membrane transportation system and involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and butanoate metabolism could act as key factors in modulating finishing weight. Importantly, gut microbiome explained nearly 11% of the variation in finishing weight, and our findings revealed that a subset of metagenomic species could act as predictors of finishing weight. SCFAs levels, especially butyrate level, had critical impacts on finishing weight, and several finishing weight-associated species were potentially contributed to the shift in butyrate level. Thus, our results should give deep insights into how gut microbiome and SCFAs influence finishing weight of meat rabbits and provide essential knowledge for improving finishing weight by manipulating gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoming Fang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Ye
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liwen Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuaishuai Xue
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianfu Gan
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Vieira AM, Soratto TAT, Cardinal KM, Wagner G, Hauptli L, Lima ALF, Dahlke F, Peres Netto D, Moraes PDO, Ribeiro AML. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota of broilers supplemented with monensin or functional oils in response to challenge by Eimeria spp. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237118. [PMID: 32764795 PMCID: PMC7413546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with 100ppm sodium monensin or 0.15% of a blend of functional oils (cashew nut oil + castor oil) on the intestinal microbiota of broilers challenged with three different Eimeria spp. The challenge was accomplished by inoculating broiler chicks with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina, and Eimeria maxima via oral gavage. A total of 864, day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb) were randomly assigned to six treatments (eight pens/treatment; 18 broilers/pen) in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, composed of three additives (control, monensin or blend), with or without Eimeria challenge. Intestinal contents was collected at 28 days of age for microbiota analysis by sequencing 16s rRNA in V3 and V4 regions using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Taxonomy was assigned through the SILVA database version 132, using the QIIME 2 software version 2019.1. No treatment effects (p > 0.05) were observed in the microbial richness at the family level estimated by Chao1 and the biodiversity assessed by Simpson’s index, except for Shannon's index (p < 0.05). The intestinal microbiota was dominated by members of the order Clostridiales and Lactobacillales, followed by the families Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Lactobacillaceae, regardless of treatment. When the controls were compared, in the challenged control group there was an increase in Erysipelotrichaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Peptostreptococcaceae, and a decrease in Ruminococcaceae. Similar results were found for a challenged group that received monensin, while the blend partially mitigated this variation. Therefore, the blend alleviated the impact of coccidiosis challenge on the microbiome of broilers compared to monensin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Maciel Vieira
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tatiany Aparecida Teixeira Soratto
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Kátia Maria Cardinal
- Department of Animal Science, Laboratory of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Glauber Wagner
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Hauptli
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - André Luis Ferreira Lima
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Dahlke
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Diego Peres Netto
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Oliveira Moraes
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Andréa Machado Leal Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Science, Laboratory of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Chen C, Li J, Zhang H, Xie Y, Xiong L, Liu H, Wang F. Effects of a probiotic on the growth performance, intestinal flora, and immune function of chicks infected with Salmonella pullorum. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5316-5323. [PMID: 33142447 PMCID: PMC7647723 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a Lactobacillus paracasei KL1 and Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum Zhang-LL mixed probiotic on Salmonella-caused pullorosis in chicks. A total of 120 1-day-old Nongda no.3 dwarf chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments, with 6 replicates of 5 birds each. The treatments were blank group, Salmonella pullorum-infected group, probiotic treatment group, and probiotic prevention (PP) group. All birds (n = 90) except those in the blank group were infected with S. pullorum on day 4. On day 14, the BW, ADG, mortality, pathology of tissue, cecum colony count, immune organ indices, cecal mucosa secretory IgA, and cytokines were investigated. The results showed that the chicks infected with S. pullorum were depressed and their BW reduced. The PP group had the highest ADG and lowest mortality rate (0%), whereas the S. pullorum-infected group had 37.50% mortality rate and lowest ADG. Pathologic sections showed that the probiotic treatment group had minor lesions but the PP group had no lesions in the ileum, cecum, and liver. Cecal Lactobacillus counts was the highest (P < 0.05) and Salmonella and Escherichia coli counts were the lowest (P < 0.05) in the PP group; Compared with the S. pullorum-infected group, the thymus and spleen indexes of the probiotic treatment group increased (P < 0.05), but they were unaffected (P > 0.05) in the bursa of Fabricius, whereas in the PP group, all the immune organs were increased (P < 0.05).Cecal mucosa secretory IgA and IL-4 were the highest (P < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor α and interferon gamma were the lowest (P < 0.05) in the PP group; In summary, the Lactobacillus KL1 and L. plantarum Zhang-LL mixed probiotic effectively reduced the mortality of pullorosis in chicks, promoted the growth performance, regulated the balance of the intestinal flora, improved the immune function, resisted pullorosis disease, completely prevented chicks from pullorosis after infection, and reduced economy loss in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caicai Chen
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhong Xie
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Xiong
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
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Su X, Jing G, Zhang Y, Wu S. Method development for cross-study microbiome data mining: Challenges and opportunities. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2075-2080. [PMID: 32802279 PMCID: PMC7419250 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, tremendous amount of microbiome sequencing data has been generated to study on the dynamic associations between microbial profiles and environments. How to precisely and efficiently decipher large-scale of microbiome data and furtherly take advantages from it has become one of the most essential bottlenecks for microbiome research at present. In this mini-review, we focus on the three key steps of analyzing cross-study microbiome datasets, including microbiome profiling, data integrating and data mining. By introducing the current bioinformatics approaches and discussing their limitations, we prospect the opportunities in development of computational methods for the three steps, and propose the promising solutions to multi-omics data analysis for comprehensive understanding and rapid investigation of microbiome from different angles, which could potentially promote the data-driven research by providing a broader view of the "microbiome data space".
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Su
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071 China
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101 China
| | - Gongchao Jing
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101 China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071 China
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101 China
| | - Shunyao Wu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071 China
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Wang X, Tian Z, Azad MAK, Zhang W, Blachier F, Wang Z, Kong X. Dietary supplementation with Bacillus mixture modifies the intestinal ecosystem of weaned piglets in an overall beneficial way. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:233-246. [PMID: 32654235 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with a mixture of Bacillus, which serves as an alternative of antibiotics on the intestinal ecosystem of weaned piglets. METHODS AND RESULTS We randomly assigned 120 piglets to three groups: a control group (a basal diet), a probiotics group (a basal diet supplemented with 4 × 109 CFU per gram Bacillus licheniformis-Bacillus subtilis mixture; BLS mix), and an antibiotics group (a basal diet supplemented with 0·04 kg t-1 virginiamycin, 0·2 kg t-1 colistin and 3000 mg kg-1 zinc oxide). All groups had five replicates with eight piglets per replicate. On days 7, 21 and 42 of the trial, intestine tissue and digesta samples were collected to determine intestinal morphology, gut microbiota and bacterial metabolite composition, and the expression of genes related to the gut barrier function and inflammatory status. The results showed that the BLS mix decreased the jejunum crypt depth, while increased the ileum villus height and the jejunum and ileum villus height to crypt depth ratio. The BLS mix increased Simpson's diversity index in the gut microbiota and the relative abundances of o_Bacteroidetes and f_Ruminococcaceae, but decreased the relative abundances of Blautia and Clostridium. Dietary BLS mix supplementation also modified the concentration of several bacterial metabolites compared to the control group. In addition, BLS mix upregulated the expression level of E-cadherin in the colon and pro-inflammatory cytokines and TLR-4 in ileum and colon. Lastly, Spearman's rank-order correlation revealed a potential link between alterations in gut microbiota and health parameters of the weaned piglets. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that dietary BLS mix supplementation modifies the gut ecosystem in weaned piglets. The potential advantages of such modifications in terms of intestinal health are discussed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Weaning is the most important transition period of piglet growth and development. This study showed that dietary supplementation of a probiotic mixture of Bacillus, an effective alternative of antibiotics, was beneficial in improving the intestinal ecosystem of weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Z Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - M A K Azad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - W Zhang
- Evonik Degussa (China) Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - F Blachier
- AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Z Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - X Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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131
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Wang J, Ishfaq M, Guo Y, Chen C, Li J. Assessment of Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus salivarius Isolated From Chickens as Feed Additives. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:415. [PMID: 32766298 PMCID: PMC7379216 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The continued use of sub-therapeutic antibiotics as feed additives in the poultry industry improved health and growth performance. However, the resulting antibiotic resistance increasingly becomes a major threat to public health. Probiotics are promising alternatives for the antibiotics used in poultry industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus salivarius as feed additive in chickens. White leghorn chickens were randomly assigned to experimental groups. Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation on growth performance, resistance to Escherichia coli O78 challenge and heat-stress, and immune response after vaccinated with attenuated infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccine were determined. The results showed that Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation improved growth performance, such as weight and longer shank length, increased relative weights of the immune organs and decreased concentrations of odor-causing compounds. In addition, Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation alleviated organ injury caused by Escherichia coli O78 challenge and heat stress. Furthermore, Lactobacillus salivarius results in enhanced immune response after IBDV vaccine immunization, enhanced specific antibody and IFN-γ production, and lymphocyte proliferation. Our results revealed a tremendous potential of Lactobacillus salivarius as antibiotics' substitute in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuquan Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Jichang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
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Guo W, Zhou M, Ma T, Bi S, Wang W, Zhang Y, Huang X, Guan LL, Long R. Survey of rumen microbiota of domestic grazing yak during different growth stages revealed novel maturation patterns of four key microbial groups and their dynamic interactions. Anim Microbiome 2020; 2:23. [PMID: 33499950 PMCID: PMC7807461 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development and maturation of rumen microbiota across the lifetime of grazing yaks remain unexplored due to the varied lifestyles and feed types of yaks as well as the challenges of obtaining samples. In addition, the interactions among four different rumen microbial groups (bacteria, archaea, fungi and protozoa) in the rumen of yak are not well defined. In this study, the rumen microbiota of full-grazing yaks aged 7 days to 12 years old was assessed to determine the maturation patterns of these four microbial groups and the dynamic interactions among them during different growth stages. RESULTS The rumen microbial groups (bacteria, archaea, protozoa and fungi) varied through the growth of yaks from neonatal (7 days) to adult (12 years), and the bacterial and archaeal groups were more sensitive to changes in growth stages compared to the two eukaryotic microbial groups. The age-discriminatory taxa within each microbial group were identified with the random forest model. Among them, Olsenella (bacteria), Group 10 sp., belonging to the family Methanomassiliicoccaceae (archaea), Orpinomyces (fungi), and Dasytricha (protozoa) contributed the most to discriminating the age of the rumen microbiota. Moreover, we found that the rumen archaea reached full maturation at 5 approximately years of age, and the other microbial groups matured between 5 and 8 years of age. The intra-interactions patterns and keystone species within each microbial group were identified by network analysis, and the inter-interactions among the four microbial groups changed with growth stage. Regarding the inter-interactions among the four microbial groups, taxa from bacteria and protozoa, including Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Prevotella 1, Trichostomatia, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 and Lachnospiraceae, were the keystone species in the network based on betweenness centrality scores. CONCLUSIONS This study depicted a comprehensive view of rumen microbiota changes in different growth stages of grazing yaks. The results revealed the unique microbiota maturation trajectory and the intra- and inter-interactions among bacteria, archaea, fungi and protozoa in the rumen of grazing yaks across the lifetime of yaks. The information obtained in this study is vital for the future development of strategies to manipulate rumen microbiota in grazing yaks for better growth and performance in the harsh Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 China
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
- Key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Sisi Bi
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 China
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Ruijun Long
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 China
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 China
- International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 China
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133
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Wu S, Chen X, Li T, Ren H, Zheng L, Yang X. Changes in the gut microbiota mediate the differential regulatory effects of two glucose oxidases produced by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium amagasakiense on the meat quality and growth performance of broilers. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:73. [PMID: 32647570 PMCID: PMC7336442 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose oxidase (GOD), an aerobic dehydrogenase, has been used as an antibiotic substitute in feed. A study was conducted to evaluate the differential effects of 2 different GODs fermented by Aspergillus niger or Penicillium amagasakiense on caecal microbiota and to further illuminate the potential roles of changes in the gut microbiota in regulating the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. RESULTS A total of 420 one-day-old healthy Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: the control group, the antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) supplementation group, and the GOD-A and GOD-P (GODs produced by A. niger and P. amagasakiense, respectively) groups. As a result, supplementation with GOD produced by P. amagasakiense could significantly improve the average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of broilers before 21 days of age by significantly increasing the enzymatic activities of jejunal amylase and those of ileal amylase, chymotrypsin, and lipase in 21-day-old broilers and could increase the enzymatic activities of duodenal amylase, jejunal amylase and lipase, and ileal chymotrypsin and lipase in 42-day-old broilers. Meanwhile, compared with AGP treatment, supplementation with GOD produced by P. amagasakiense significantly decreased the L value of 21-day-old broilers and the ΔpH and L* value of 42-day-old broilers, while supplementation with GOD produced by A. niger significantly increased the pH24 h value of 21-day-old and 42-day-old broilers by reducing plasma malondialdehyde content. By using 16S rRNA sequencing, we found that the beneficial bacteria and microbiota in broilers were not disturbed but were improved by GOD supplementation compared with ADP treatment, including the genera Eubacterium and Christensenella and the species uncultured_Eubacterium_sp, Clostridium_asparagiforme, and uncultured_Christensenella_sp, which were positively related to the improved intestinal digestive enzymatic activities, growth performance, and meat quality of broilers. CONCLUSION The altered gut microbiota induced by supplementation with glucose oxidase produced by P. amagasakiense mediate better regulatory effects on the meat quality and growth performance of broilers than that induced by supplementation with glucose oxidase produced by A. niger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengru Wu
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Center for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Taohuan Li
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,Jiangxi Zhengbang Technology Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi China
| | - Hao Ren
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Lixin Zheng
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
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Elokil AA, Abouelezz KF, Ahmad HI, Pan Y, Li S. Investigation of the Impacts of Antibiotic Exposure on the Diversity of the Gut Microbiota in Chicks. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050896. [PMID: 32455745 PMCID: PMC7278382 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Broad-spectrum antibiotics have been a cornerstone in the treatment of bacterial diseases. However, growing evidence suggests that antibiotics have effects on host-associated gut microbiota communities. In this study, we report persistent significant changes in the abundance of gut microbiota and their functional metabolite pathways in chickens due to enrofloxacin and diclazuril exposure. These changes may affect the taxonomic, genomic, and functional capacity of the chicken gut microbiota, reducing bacterial diversity while expanding and collapsing membership of specific indigenous taxa. Understanding the biology of competitive exclusion of adaptive functions during antibiotic exposure in the gut may inform the design of new strategies to treat infections, while preserving the ecology of chicken-beneficial constituents. Abstract The dynamic microbiota in chickens can be affected by exposure to antibiotics, which may alter the composition and substrate availability of functional pathways. Here, 120 Jing Hong chicks at 30 days of age were randomly divided into four treatments totaling seven experimental groups: control chicks not exposed to antibiotics; and chicks exposed to enrofloxacin, diclazuril, and their mixture at 1:1 for 14 days and then not exposed for a withdrawal period of 15 days. Fecal samples were collected from the 7 groups at 8 time-points (exposure to 4 antibiotics and 4 withdrawal periods) to perform in-depth 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiota. Taxon-independent analysis showed that the groups had significantly distinct microbial compositions (p < 0.01). Based on the microbial composition, as compared with the control group, the abundances of the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Thermi, and Verrucomicrobia, as well as the families Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, S24-7, and Corynebacterium, were decreased in the antibiotic-exposed chicks (p < 0.01). Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analyses revealed significant differences in microbiota metabolite pathways due to the genera of the antibiotic-responsive microbes (p < 0.01), especially the pathways relating to cell growth and death, immune system diseases, carbohydrate metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. Oral treatment with enrofloxacin, diclazuril, and their mixture modified the gut microbiota composition and the microbial metabolic profiles in chickens, with persistent effects (during the withdrawal period) that prevented the return to the original community and led to the formation of a new community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmotaleb A. Elokil
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.A.E.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Khaled F.M. Abouelezz
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
| | - Hafiz I. Ahmad
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki 55300, Pakistan;
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.A.E.); (Y.P.)
| | - Shijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.A.E.); (Y.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8738-7480; Fax: +86-27-8728-0408
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Effect of a Synbiotic Mix on Lymphoid Organs of Broilers Infected with Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium perfringens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050886. [PMID: 32438731 PMCID: PMC7278420 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The use of synbiotics in the poultry industry could be a tool to regulate immunological activity and generate beneficial effects against pathogens, like Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium perfringens, particularly in those cases where the use of antibiotics during poultry production was excluded. Either through the generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) that contribute to mucosa proliferation or promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, synbiotics could favor a microenvironment that improves the activity of the immune system. However, the organization and response of lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues could be modified by the type of active compound of the synbiotic. Therefore, the present work investigated the effect of a synbiotic mix on lymphoid tissues of broilers infected with Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium perfringens. The results showed that the mix of probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5Ma and a prebiotic can stimulate the bursa and the IgA production, increasing the size of its follicles and promoting the ability to resist infections caused by S.typhimurium in broilers. Abstract Synbiotic consumption can modulate immune response. This work involves studying the effect of a synbiotic on lymphoid organs and IgA of broilers infected with Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium perfringens. A total of 258 one-day-old male broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus), line COBBAvian48 (free of growth-promoting antibiotics), were distributed into eight treatment groups. A symbiotic mix comprising Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5 M as probiotics and 4.5% (0.045 g g−1) of Agave tequilana fructans as prebiotic per dose (one milliliter) was administered through drinking water the first day of life. Bursa, spleen and thymus were analyzed. Broilers treated with the synbiotic, whether or not infected with pathogens, had bigger bursa follicles than the non-treated (p < 0.05), and the ones from the synbiotic group had more lymphocytes than the control group (p < 0.05). Thymus follicles of the synbiotic group were bigger than the control group (p < 0.05). Lesions associated with Salmonella infection were found in the bursa, however, in the broilers treated with the synbiotic, the lesions were less intense and were not present after 32 days of life. The synbiotic mix can stimulate the bursa, increasing the size of their follicles and promoting the ability to resist infections caused by S.typhimurium in broilers.
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Rodrigues DR, Briggs W, Duff A, Chasser K, Murugesan R, Pender C, Ramirez S, Valenzuela L, Bielke LR. Comparative effectiveness of probiotic-based formulations on cecal microbiota modulation in broilers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225871. [PMID: 32369478 PMCID: PMC7199926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of probiotics to manipulate the intestinal microbial ecosystem toward commensal bacteria growth offers great opportunity for enhancing health and performance in poultry. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of five probiotic-based formulations in modulating cecal microbiota in broilers at 21 and 42 days of age. Probiotics investigated included a synbiotic (SYNBIO), a yeast (YEAST), and three single-strain formulations of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (SINGLE1), B. subtilis (SINGLE2) and B. licheniformis (SINGLE3). Alpha-diversity analyses showed that cecal microbiota of SINGLE1, SINGLE2, and YEAST had low diversity compared to the control diet with no feed additive (CON) at 21d. At the same age, weighted Unifrac distance measure showed significant differences between samples from SYNBIO and CON (P = 0.02). However, by analyzing principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) with unweighted Unifrac, there was no evidence of clustering between CON and probiotic treatments. By 42d, there were no differences in alpha or beta-diversity in the microbiota of probiotic treatments compared to CON. Similarly, taxonomic microbial profiling did not show major changes in cecal microbial taxa. In conclusion, not all probiotic-based formulations tested had a core benefit on the modulation of microbiota. However, based on the quantitative beta diversity results, SYNBIO greatly influenced the cecal microbial community structure attributable to transient variations in relative taxon abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise R. Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Whitney Briggs
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Audrey Duff
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kaylin Chasser
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Raj Murugesan
- BIOMIN America Inc., Overland Park, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Chasity Pender
- BIOMIN America Inc., Overland Park, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Shelby Ramirez
- BIOMIN America Inc., Overland Park, Kansas, United States of America
| | | | - Lisa R. Bielke
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shao T, Fan T, Tang W, Sun Y, Gao S, Chen H, Sun Z, Liu M, Yi Z. Ethyl-N-dodecanoyl-l-arginate hydrochloride combats pathogens with low-resistance generation by membrane attack and modifies gut microbiota structure. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:722-737. [PMID: 31758659 PMCID: PMC7111106 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethyl-N-dodecanoyl-l-arginate hydrochloride (LAE, ethyl lauroyl arginate HCl) is a cationic surfactant used as a food preservative with broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. However, its resistance development, influences on gut microbiome and molecular target are unclear. In this study, bacteria were stimulated by LAE for 30 days to test the bacterial resistance. Several infected animal models were used to evaluate the antibacterial effect of LAE in vivo. Mice were orally treated with LAE to test its effect on animal growth. The influence of LAE on mice gut microbiome was analysed by 16S rDNA sequencing. The results indicated that Escherichia coli did not develop resistance to LAE. LAE significantly combats bacterial infection in mice, ducklings and piglets. Moreover, LAE promotes mouse weight gain without changing body composition or reducing animal vitality, and induces lower hepatotoxicity than ampicillin. In the mouse gut microbiome assessment and characterization, LAE modifies host gut microbiota structure. Mechanistically, LAE specifically binds to acidic phospholipids including phosphatidylserine, depolarizes the membrane and disrupts the bacterial membrane followed by bacterial growth inhibition. This study investigates the molecular mechanism of LAE as well as its antibacterial functions in poultry and livestock. Our data suggest LAE is a potential antibacterial agent in animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shao
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University200241ShanghaiChina
| | - Tingting Fan
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University200241ShanghaiChina
| | - Wenshu Tang
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University200241ShanghaiChina
| | - Yanting Sun
- Department of Anal and Intestinal DiseasesLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine200032ShanghaiChina
| | - Song Gao
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University200241ShanghaiChina
| | - Huang Chen
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University200241ShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenliang Sun
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated with Sixth People’s Hospital South CampusShanghai201499China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University200241ShanghaiChina
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University200241ShanghaiChina
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138
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Elgeddawy SA, Shaheen HM, El-Sayed YS, Abd Elaziz M, Darwish A, Samak D, Batiha GE, Mady RA, Bin-Jumah M, Allam AA, Alagawany M, Taha AE, El-Mleeh A, El-Sayed SAA, Abd El-Hack ME, Elnesr SS. Effects of the dietary inclusion of a probiotic or prebiotic on florfenicol pharmacokinetic profile in broiler chicken. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:549-557. [PMID: 32017274 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of prebiotic or probiotic as feed additives on florfenicol kinetic in broilers feed. Unsexed two hundred, thirty-five-day-old broiler chickens, were put in four equal groups (n = 50). The first group was administrated florfenicol intravenous at 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) only once dosage without pre- or probiotic administration to determine the bioavailability. While, the second group was administrated florfenicol (intracrop routes; a dosage of 30 mg/kg BW for five progressive days) without pre- or probiotic co-administration. The third and the fourth groups were administrated the same dose of florfenicol (intracrop route) for five successive days, followed by 10 days of prebiotic or probiotic treatment respectively. The plasma florfenicol % was identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) after the first florfenicol administration (intravenous or intracrop routes) in all groups. Then, the residual levels of florfenicol were determined in liver, kidney and muscle tissues from the second, third and fourth groups which were exposed to florfenicol orally. Our results demonstrated that broilers pre-treated with prebiotic or probiotic significantly increased Cmax , AUC0- t , AUC0-inf as well as AUMC values, while significant drop was recorded in V/F and CL/F. Prebiotic or probiotic influenced the cumulative effect of florfenicol in liver and kidney tissues of treated birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy A Elgeddawy
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hazem M Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Magdy Abd Elaziz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Darwish
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Samak
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Gaber E Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Mady
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Amany El-Mleeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Sabry A A El-Sayed
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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139
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Li W, Liu Y, Hou Q, Huang W, Zheng H, Gao X, Yu J, Kwok LY, Zhang H, Sun Z. Lactobacillus plantarum improves the efficiency of sheep manure composting and the quality of the final product. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122456. [PMID: 31786033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The addition of exogenous microorganisms is one approach with potential that may also overcome the problem in northern China of slow composting in autumn and winter due to low environmental temperatures. This study investigated the use of supplements of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), strains P-8 and LP-10, on the efficiency of sheep manure composting and the quality of the final product. The composting process lasted eight weeks and, during this time, changes in multiple physical-chemical parameters and the compost microbiome were monitored. Microbiota-encoded functions, community structure and physical-chemical parameters were distinct between the two groups. 'Composting microbiota maturation index' was proposed to quantitatively compare the impact of maturation on composting microecology. The rapid improvement in composting rate (4 weeks) and quality of the final product suggest that this approach could provide both technological and economic benefits. This work reveals the tremendous potential of L. plantarum as a promoter in composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yahua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Qiangchuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Weiqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Huijuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
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140
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Adaptation of Lactobacillus plantarum to Ampicillin Involves Mechanisms That Maintain Protein Homeostasis. mSystems 2020; 5:5/1/e00853-19. [PMID: 31992633 PMCID: PMC6989132 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00853-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has caused great concern in the biosafety of probiotics. In this study, we conducted a 12-month adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiment to select for antibiotics-adapted Lactobacillus plantarum P-8, a dairy-originated probiotic bacterium. During the ALE process, the ampicillin MIC for the parental L. plantarum P-8 strain increased gradually and reached the maximum level of bacterial fitness. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the ampicillin-resistant phenotype, we comparatively analyzed the genomes and proteomes of the parental strain (L. plantarum P-8) and two adapted lines (L. plantarum 400g and L. plantarum 1600g). The adapted lines showed alterations in their carbon, amino acid, and cell surface-associated metabolic pathways. Then, gene disruption mutants were created to determine the role of six highly expressed genes in contributing to the enhanced ampicillin resistance. Inactivation of an ATP-dependent Clp protease/the ATP-binding subunit ClpL, a small heat shock protein, or a hypothetical protein resulted in partial but significant phenotypic reversion, confirming their necessary roles in the bacterial adaptation to ampicillin. Genomic analysis confirmed that none of the ampicillin-specific differential expressed genes were flanked by any mobile genetic elements; thus, even though long-term exposure to ampicillin upregulated their expression, there is low risk of spread of these genes and adapted drug resistance to other bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. Our study has provided evidence of the biosafety of probiotics even when used in the presence of antibiotics.IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance acquired by adaptation to certain antibiotics has led to growing public concerns. Here, a long-term evolution experiment was used together with proteomic analysis to identify genes/proteins responsible for the adaptive phenotype. This work has provided novel insights into the biosafety of new probiotics with high tolerance to antibiotics.
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141
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Feye KM, Baxter MFA, Tellez-Isaias G, Kogut MH, Ricke SC. Influential factors on the composition of the conventionally raised broiler gastrointestinal microbiomes. Poult Sci 2020; 99:653-659. [PMID: 32029151 PMCID: PMC7587711 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome has entered the vernacular of the consumer as well as broiler production and is, therefore, becoming increasingly important to poultry producers to understand. The microbiome is, by definition, compositional and relates to how the microbiological organisms within the gut inhabit that ecological niche. The gut is diverse, flexible, and data acquired requires a greater understanding of the host-microbiome axes, as well as advanced bioinformatics and ecology. There are numerous microbial populations that define the gut microbiome; however, there are even more effects that can influence its composition. As management practices vary between producers, documenting these influences is an essential component of beginning to understand the microbiome. This review targets broiler production and concatenates the currently understood compositional ecology of the broiler gastrointestinal tract microbiome as well as its influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Feye
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Service, ARS-USDA, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - M F A Baxter
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - G Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - M H Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Service, ARS-USDA, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - S C Ricke
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA.
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142
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Rodrigues DR, Winson E, Wilson KM, Briggs WN, Duff AF, Chasser KM, Bielke LR. Intestinal Pioneer Colonizers as Drivers of Ileal Microbial Composition and Diversity of Broiler Chickens. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2858. [PMID: 31998246 PMCID: PMC6962117 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that recent advances in metagenomics have highlighted the importance of intestinal microbes for poultry health, there has been a corresponding search for early manipulation strategies of intestinal microbiota in order to advance immune system development and optimize functional properties of growth. In this study, we used the in ovo technique as an experimental model to address how early bacterial intestinal colonization could affect the development and establishment of the mature ileal microbiota. Inoculations containing one of the following: 0.2 mL of 0.9% sterile saline (S), approximately 102 cells of Citrobacter freundii (CF), Citrobacter species (C2) or lactic acid bacteria mixture (L) were administered via in ovo into the amnion. Results showed that Enterobacteriaceae abundance was negatively correlated with aging, although its high population at day of hatch affected the microbiota composition, delaying mature microbiota establishment. L treatment increased colonization of butyrate-producing bacteria by 3 and 10 days, and segmented filamentous bacteria in the lower ileum by 10 days. On the other hand, L-probiotic decreased the population of Enterococcaceae. In addition, L and C2 microbial communities were less diverse at 10 than 3 days of age in the upper ileum. Importantly, these findings provide a valuable resource for a potential study model for interactions between microbial colonization and associated immune responses. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrates that intestinal pioneer colonizers play a critical role in driving the course of microbial community composition and diversity over time, in which early life exposure to L-based probiotic supported selection alongside greater colonization of symbiotic populations in the ileum of young broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa R. Bielke
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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143
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Rychlik I. Composition and Function of Chicken Gut Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010103. [PMID: 31936291 PMCID: PMC7022619 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chickens evolved for millions of years to be hatched in a nest in contact with an adult hen. However, current commercial production of chickens is based on hatching chicks in a clean hatchery environment in the absence of adult hens. The ancestors of domestic chickens inhabited a living environment different from that used for current commercial production. Currently, the lifespan of broilers is around 5 weeks, the lifespan of egg layers is around one year while chickens can live for 15–20 years. This means that studies on chicken–microbiota interactions are of specific importance. The intestinal tract of commercially hatched chicks is gradually colonised from environmental sources only, however, if the chicks are provided experimentally with microbiota from a hen they can be colonised by adult-type microbiota from the very first days of life and become resistant to infections with pathogenic Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, or Salmonella. Because of such specificities in the interactions of chickens with their gut microbiota, current knowledge in this area is critically presented in this review. Abstract Studies analyzing the composition of gut microbiota are quite common at present, mainly due to the rapid development of DNA sequencing technologies within the last decade. This is valid also for chickens and their gut microbiota. However, chickens represent a specific model for host–microbiota interactions since contact between parents and offspring has been completely interrupted in domesticated chickens. Nearly all studies describe microbiota of chicks from hatcheries and these chickens are considered as references and controls. In reality, such chickens represent an extreme experimental group since control chicks should be, by nature, hatched in nests in contact with the parent hen. Not properly realising this fact and utilising only 16S rRNA sequencing results means that many conclusions are of questionable biological relevance. The specifics of chicken-related gut microbiota are therefore stressed in this review together with current knowledge of the biological role of selected microbiota members. These microbiota members are then evaluated for their intended use as a form of next-generation probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Rychlik
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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144
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Xu H, Zhao F, Hou Q, Huang W, Liu Y, Zhang H, Sun Z. Metagenomic analysis revealed beneficial effects of probiotics in improving the composition and function of the gut microbiota in dogs with diarrhoea. Food Funct 2020; 10:2618-2629. [PMID: 31021333 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of probiotics on the composition and function of the gut microbiota in dogs with diarrhoea. Forty dogs with diarrhoea were randomly allocated to the treatment group or control group. Probiotics, containing Lactobacillus casei Zhang, Lactobacillus plantarum P-8, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis V9, were only fed to 20 treated dogs for 60 days. The faecal samples of all dogs at day 0 and day 60 were analyzed using a metagenomic approach. The results showed a significantly higher microbial diversity and an obvious change in the structure of the gut microbiota in the treatment group. There was also an increase in the abundance of some beneficial bacteria in differently aged dogs, such as Lactobacillus johnsonii (P < 0.05), Lactobacillus reuteri (P < 0.01), Lactobacillus acidophilus (P < 0.05) and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum (P < 0.05), and a reduction in the abundance of many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens (P < 0.05) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (P < 0.05) with the supplementation of probiotics. Intriguingly, the correlated networks among some pathogenic bacteria decreased following the administration of probiotics. Additionally, metagenomic analysis revealed the upregulation of pathways involved in the metabolism of amino acids and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, accompanied by the downregulation of pathways associated with virulence of pathogenic bacteria and cell signaling, suggesting that probiotics could improve the health of dogs with diarrhoea through regulation of the gut microbiota. Our research provides new information relevant to the treatment of diarrhoea in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
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145
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Long-term administration of Lactobacillus casei Zhang stabilized gut microbiota of adults and reduced gut microbiota age index of older adults. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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146
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Abramowicz K, Krauze M, Ognik K. Use of Bacillus subtilis PB6 enriched with choline to improve growth performance, immune status, histological parameters and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Context Probiotics used in poultry nutrition may promote the propagation of beneficial bacteria and limit the growth of pathogens, improving the body’s resistance to disease. Aims The aim of the study was to establish the dose and timing of administration of a probiotic preparation containing live cultures of Bacillus subtilis PB6 and choline that would have the most beneficial effect on histological parameters and microbiological status of the intestine, immune status, and growth performance of broiler chickens. Methods In total, 980 one-day-old Ross 308 male chickens, divided into seven groups of 140 (each group with seven replications of 20 individuals), were used in the experiment. The birds were reared until Day 42 of life. In the control group, birds received water without addition of the probiotic preparation. In three continuous treatments, birds received the probiotic preparation in their water at doses of 0.05, 0.1 or 0.25 g/L from Day 1 to Day 42 of rearing. In three periodic treatments, birds received the same doses of the probiotic preparation, but only during Days 1–7, 15–21 and 29–35 of rearing. Key results Addition of the probiotic preparation to the drinking water of broiler chickens increased the total number of aerobic bacteria as well as the length of the intestinal villi and the depth of the crypts. It also reduced the number of fungi and coliform bacteria. In addition, increases were noted in the lysozyme content, the phagocytic index, and the level of immunoglobulin A. Conclusions The probiotic preparation containing B. subtilis and choline administered continuously at a dose of 0.25 g/L in water throughout the rearing period had the most beneficial effect on the composition of the microbiome, and improved the mucous membrane structure of the intestine (increasing villus length and intestinal crypt depth), immunity, and growth performance of the broiler chickens. Implications The use of probiotics in poultry nutrition improves the health of animals and makes breeding more profitable. Administration of this probiotic improves disease resistance, jejunal histological parameters, and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens.
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147
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Contini J, Schmidt J, Gonçalves D, Baldo J, Fernandes JIM, Torrent J. Suplementation of Antibiotic Growth Promoters versus Supplementation of Functional Oils in Broiler Breeders: Performance and Offspring Effects. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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148
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Feng Y, Wang L, Khan A, Zhao R, Wei S, Jing X. Fermented wheat bran by xylanase-producing Bacillus cereus boosts the intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:263-271. [PMID: 32416810 PMCID: PMC7587633 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat bran, while a nutritious and economic feed ingredient, contents high levels of non-starch polysaccharides which entraps nutrients and interferes digestion and absorption. To study the influence of fermented wheat bran by xylanase-producing Bacillus cereus on growth performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens, a total of 180 broilers (21-day-old, mixed of male and female) were randomly divided into 3 treatments, with 6 replicates in each treatment and 10 broilers in each replicate: 1) control check (CK), corn-soybean meal-based diet; 2) wheat bran group (WB), 5% of the corn were replaced with wheat bran; and 3) fermented wheat bran group (FWB), 5% of the corn were replaced with fermented wheat bran. Growth performance was determined in the period of 21- to 42-day-old. Intestinal digestive enzyme activities and microbiota diversity were analyzed on day 42. No differences were observed on growth performance among treatments (P > 0.05). The activity of amylase in the duodenum of FWB was 1.56 times higher than CK (P < 0.05). The Chao1 index of microbiota in cecum of FWB increased 24.26% compared with CK (P < 0.01). The amount of Bifidobacteriaceae in cecum of WB was 29.1 times and 15.8 times higher than CK and FWB (P < 0.05) respectively. Principal co-ordinates analysis in cecum revealed the dissimilarity microbiota among treatments. In summary, the use of fermented wheat bran to partially replace corn (5%) in diets had no adverse effect on growth performance and triggered beneficial effects such as increasing duodenal amylase activity and intestinal microflora abundance in broiler chickens. These observations support that solid-state fermentation by xylanase-producing Bacillus cereus is feasible approach to pre-treat wheat bran for feedstuff industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, China
| | - Ajab Khan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, China
| | - Siang Wei
- College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jing
- College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, China
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149
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Yan J, Zhou B, Xi Y, Huan H, Li M, Yu J, Zhu H, Dai Z, Ying S, Zhou W, Shi Z. Fermented feed regulates growth performance and the cecal microbiota community in geese. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4673-4684. [PMID: 30993344 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of fermented feed diets on the growth performance and cecal microbial community in geese, and to examine associations between the gut microbiota and growth performance. A total of 720 healthy, 1-day-old male SanHua geese were used for the 55-D experiment. Geese were randomly divided into 4 groups, each with 6 replicates of 30 geese. Groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, or 7.5% fermented feed. The results showed that 7.5% fermented feed had an increasing trend in the body weight and average daily gain of the geese; however, there was no significant response to increasing dietary fermented feed level with regards to ADFI and FCR. In addition, compared with the control group, there was a higher abundance of bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidetes in the cecal samples of geese in the 7.5% fermented feed group (53.18% vs. 41.77%, P < 0.05), whereas the abundance of Firmicutes was lower in the 7.5% fermented feed group (36.30% vs. 44.13%, P > 0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Bacteroides was increased by adding fermented feed to geese diets, whereas the abundances of Desulfovibrio, Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospiraceae_uncultured, Ruminiclostridium, and Oscillospira were decreased. These results indicate that fermented feeds have an important effect on the cecal microflora composition of geese, and may affect host growth, nutritional status, and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshu Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yumeng Xi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hailin Huan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianning Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huanxi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zichun Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shijia Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weiren Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhendan Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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Lactobacillus acidophilus JCM 1132 Strain and Its Mutant with Different Bacteriocin-Producing Behaviour Have Various in Situ Effects on the Gut Microbiota of Healthy Mice. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010049. [PMID: 31881756 PMCID: PMC7022661 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of bacteriocin is considered to be a probiotic trait of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). However, not all strains of LAB harbour bacteriocin genes, even within the same species. Moreover, the effects of bacteriocins on the host gut microbiota and on host physiological indicators are rarely studied. This study evaluated the effects of the bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus acidophilus strain JCM1132 and its non-producing spontaneous mutant, L. acidophilus CCFM720, on the physiological statuses and gut microbiota of healthy mice. Mice that received the bacteriocin-producing strain JCM1132 exhibited reduced water and food intake. Furthermore, the administration of these strains induced significant changes in the compositional abundance of faecal microbiota at the phylum and genus levels, and some of these changes were more pronounced after one week of withdrawal. The effects of CCFM720 treatment on the gut microbiota seemed to favour the prevention of metabolic diseases to some extent. However, individuals that received JCM1132 treatment exhibited weaker inflammatory responses than those that received CCFM720 treatment. Our results indicate that treatment with bacteriocin-producing or non-producing strains can have different effects on the host. Accordingly, this trait should be considered in the applications of LAB.
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