101
|
Untersteller K, Meissl S, Trieb M, Emrich IE, Zawada AM, Holzer M, Knuplez E, Fliser D, Heine GH, Marsche G. HDL functionality and cardiovascular outcome among nondialysis chronic kidney disease patients. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1256-1265. [PMID: 29789355 PMCID: PMC6027904 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p085076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CVD remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD profoundly affects HDL composition and functionality, but whether abnormal HDL independently contributes to cardiovascular events in CKD patients remains elusive. In the present study, we assessed whether compositional and functional properties of HDL predict cardiovascular outcome among 526 nondialysis CKD patients who participate in the CARE FOR HOMe study. We measured HDL cholesterol, the content of HDL-associated proinflammatory serum amyloid A (SAA), and activities of the HDL enzymes paraoxonase and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). In addition, we assessed the antioxidative activity of apoB-depleted serum. During a mean follow-up of 5.1 ± 2.1 years, 153 patients reached the predefined primary endpoint, a composite of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events including cardiovascular mortality and death of any cause. In univariate Cox regression analyses, lower HDL-cholesterol levels, higher HDL-associated SAA content, and lower paraoxonase activity predicted cardiovascular outcome, while Lp-PLA2 activity and antioxidative capacity did not. HDL-cholesterol and HDL-paraoxonase activity lost their association with cardiovascular outcome after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular and renal risk factors, while SAA lost its association after further adjustment for C-reactive protein. In conclusion, our data suggest that neither HDL quantity nor HDL composition or function independently predict cardiovascular outcome among nondialysis CKD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Untersteller
- Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Meissl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Trieb
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Insa E Emrich
- Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Adam M Zawada
- Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Holzer
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Knuplez
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Danilo Fliser
- Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar H Heine
- Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria .,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) have presented an attractive target for development of new therapies for cardiovascular prevention on the basis of epidemiology and preclinical studies demonstrating their protective properties. Development of HDL mimetics provides an opportunity to administer functional HDL. However, clinical trials have produced variable results, with no evidence to date that they reduce cardiovascular events. This article reviews development programs of HDL mimetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Takata
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Belinda A Di Bartolo
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Brassard D, Arsenault BJ, Boyer M, Bernic D, Tessier-Grenier M, Talbot D, Tremblay A, Levy E, Asztalos B, Jones PJH, Couture P, Lamarche B. Saturated Fats from Butter but Not from Cheese Increase HDL-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux Capacity from J774 Macrophages in Men and Women with Abdominal Obesity. J Nutr 2018; 148:573-580. [PMID: 29659963 PMCID: PMC7328473 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence suggests that the association between dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and coronary artery disease risk varies according to food sources. How SFAs from butter and cheese influence HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), a key process in reverse cholesterol transport, is currently unknown. Objective In a predefined secondary analysis of a previously published trial, we have examined how diets rich in SFAs from either cheese or butter influence HDL-mediated CEC, compared with diets rich in either monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Methods In a randomized crossover controlled consumption trial, 46 men and women with abdominal obesity consumed 5 isocaloric diets, each for 4 wk. Two diets were rich in SFAs either from cheese (CHEESE) or butter (BUTTER) [12.4-12.6% of energy (%E) as SFAs, 32%E as fat, 52%E as carbohydrates]. In 2 other diets, SFAs (5.8%E) were replaced with either MUFAs from refined olive oil (MUFA) or PUFAs from corn oil (PUFA). Finally, a lower fat and carbohydrate diet was used as a control (5.8%E as SFAs, 25.0%E as fat, 59%E as carbohydrates; CHO). Post-diet HDL-mediated CEC was determined ex vivo using radiolabelled J774 macrophages incubated with apolipoprotein B-depleted serum from the participants. Results Mean (±SD) age was 41.4 ± 14.2 y, and waist circumference was 107.6 ± 11.5 cm in men and 94.3 ± 12.4 cm in women. BUTTER and MUFA increased HDL-mediated CEC compared with CHEESE (+4.3%, P = 0.026 and +4.7%, P = 0.031, respectively). Exploring the significant diet × sex interaction (P = 0.044) revealed that the increase in HDL-mediated CEC after BUTTER compared with CHEESE was significant among men (+6.0%, P = 0.047) but not women (+2.9%, P = 0.19), whereas the increase after MUFA compared with CHEESE was significant among women (+9.1%, P = 0.008) but not men (-0.6%, P = 0.99). Conclusion These results provide evidence of a food matrix effect modulating the impact of dairy SFAs on HDL-mediated CEC with potential sex-related differences that deserve further investigation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02106208.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Brassard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), School of Nutrition, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) and Department of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, and Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoît J Arsenault
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) and Department of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, and Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marjorie Boyer
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) and Department of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, and Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniela Bernic
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), School of Nutrition, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) and Department of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, and Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maude Tessier-Grenier
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), School of Nutrition, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) and Department of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, and Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis Talbot
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, and Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), School of Nutrition, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) and Department of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, and Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), School of Nutrition, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) and Department of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, and Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bela Asztalos
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Peter JH Jones
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), School of Nutrition, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) and Department of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, and Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), School of Nutrition, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) and Department of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, and Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada,Address correspondence to BL (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Isshiki M, Hirayama S, Ueno T, Ito M, Furuta A, Yano K, Yamatani K, Sugihara M, Idei M, Miida T. Apolipoproteins C-II and C-III as nutritional markers unaffected by inflammation. Clin Chim Acta 2018. [PMID: 29540295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid turnover proteins (RTPs), such as transthyretin (TTR), retinol binding protein (RBP), and transferrin (Tf), provide an accurate assessment of nutritional status but are susceptible to inflammation. Lipid-related markers, which have short half-lives in serum, may be better suited for nutritional assessment. We sought to identify sensitive nutritional markers unaffected by inflammation. METHODS Fasting serum samples were collected from 30 malnourished inpatients and 25 healthy volunteers. Malnourished inpatients were divided into 2 groups: a low-C-reactive protein (CRP) group (CRP < 20 mg/l, n = 15) and a high-CRP group (CRP ≥ 20 mg/l, n = 15). Lipid-related markers, traditional nutritional markers, RTPs, micronutrients, and ketone bodies were measured and compared among the groups. RESULTS Apolipoprotein (Apo)C-II and ApoC-III concentrations were lower in malnourished inpatients than in the control group. There was no significant difference in ApoC-II and ApoC-III between the low- and high-CRP groups. Carnitine transporters and ketone bodies did not show a significant difference among the three groups. Albumin, TTR, RBP, and Tf concentrations were lowest in the high-CRP group, intermediate in the low-CRP group, and highest in the control group. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ApoC-II and ApoC-III are appropriate nutritional biomarkers unaffected by inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Isshiki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Ueno
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ito
- Department of Medical Technology, Niigata College of Medical Technology, 5-13-3 Kamishinei-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-2076, Japan
| | - Ayaka Furuta
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kouji Yano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kotoko Yamatani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masami Sugihara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mayumi Idei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
HDL acceptor capacities for cholesterol efflux from macrophages and lipid transfer are both acutely reduced after myocardial infarction. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 478:51-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
106
|
Gille A, D'Andrea D, Tortorici MA, Hartel G, Wright SD. CSL112 (Apolipoprotein A-I [Human]) Enhances Cholesterol Efflux Similarly in Healthy Individuals and Stable Atherosclerotic Disease Patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:953-963. [PMID: 29437574 PMCID: PMC5895137 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— CSL112 (apolipoprotein A-I [apoA-I; human]) is a novel formulation of apoA-I in development for reduction of early recurrent cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is a marker of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function that is strongly correlated with incident cardiovascular disease. Impaired CEC has been observed in patients with coronary heart disease. Here, we determined whether infused apoA-I improves CEC when administered to patients with stable atherosclerotic disease versus healthy volunteers. Approach and Results— Measurements of apoA-I, HDL unesterified cholesterol, HDL esterified cholesterol, pre–β1-HDL, and CEC were determined in samples from patients with stable atherosclerotic disease before and after intravenous administration of CSL112. These measures were compared with 2 prior studies in healthy volunteers for differences in CEC at baseline and after CSL112 infusion. Patients with stable atherosclerotic disease exhibited significantly lower ATP-binding cassette transporter 1–mediated CEC at baseline (P<0.0001) despite slightly higher apoA-I levels when compared with healthy individuals (2 phase 1 studies pooled; P≤0.05), suggesting impaired HDL function. However, no differences were observed in apoA-I pharmacokinetics or in pre–β1-HDL (P=0.5) or CEC (P=0.1) after infusion of CSL112. Similar elevation in CEC was observed in patients with low or high baseline HDL function (based on tertiles of apoA-I–normalized CEC; P=0.1242). These observations were extended and confirmed using cholesterol esterification as an additional measure. Conclusions— CSL112 shows comparable, strong, and immediate effects on CEC despite underlying cardiovascular disease. CSL112 is, therefore, a promising novel therapy for lowering the burden of atherosclerosis and reducing the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gille
- From the CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia (A.G.); CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.A.T., S.D.W.); and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane City, Australia (G.H.).
| | - Denise D'Andrea
- From the CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia (A.G.); CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.A.T., S.D.W.); and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane City, Australia (G.H.)
| | - Michael A Tortorici
- From the CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia (A.G.); CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.A.T., S.D.W.); and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane City, Australia (G.H.)
| | - Gunter Hartel
- From the CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia (A.G.); CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.A.T., S.D.W.); and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane City, Australia (G.H.)
| | - Samuel D Wright
- From the CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia (A.G.); CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.A.T., S.D.W.); and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane City, Australia (G.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Wollhofen R, Axmann M, Freudenthaler P, Gabriel C, Röhrl C, Stangl H, Klar TA, Jacak J. Multiphoton-Polymerized 3D Protein Assay. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:1474-1479. [PMID: 29280613 PMCID: PMC5773935 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton polymerization (MPP) enables 3D fabrication of micro- and nanoscale devices with complex geometries. Using MPP, we create a 3D platform for protein assays. Elevating the protein-binding sites above the substrate surface allows an optically sectioned readout, minimizing the inevitable background signal from nonspecific protein adsorption at the substrate surface. Two fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assays are demonstrated, the first one relying on streptavidin-biotin recognition and the second one on antibody recognition of apolipoprotein A1, a major constituent of high-density lipoprotein particles. Signal-to-noise ratios exceeding 1000 were achieved. The platform has high potential for 3D multiplexed recognition assays with an increased binding surface for on-chip flow cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wollhofen
- Institute of Applied
Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Markus Axmann
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Center
for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical
University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Freudenthaler
- Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences, Campus Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Christian Gabriel
- Ludwig
Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Röhrl
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Center
for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical
University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Stangl
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Center
for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical
University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas A. Klar
- Institute of Applied
Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Jaroslaw Jacak
- Institute of Applied
Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences, Campus Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Heffron SP, Lin BX, Parikh M, Scolaro B, Adelman SJ, Collins HL, Berger JS, Fisher EA. Changes in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Efflux Capacity After Bariatric Surgery Are Procedure Dependent. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:245-254. [PMID: 29162605 PMCID: PMC5746465 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is inversely associated with incident cardiovascular events, independent of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Obesity is often characterized by impaired high-density lipoprotein function. However, the effects of different bariatric surgical techniques on CEC have not been compared. This study sought to determine the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on CEC. APPROACH AND RESULTS We prospectively studied severely obese, nondiabetic, premenopausal Hispanic women not using lipid medications undergoing RYGB (n=31) or SG (n=36). Subjects were examined before and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between surgical groups. Preoperative CEC correlated most strongly with Apo A1 (apolipoprotein A1) concentration but did not correlate with body mass index, waist:hip, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, or measures of insulin resistance. After 6 months, SG produced superior response in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and Apo A1 quantity, as well as global and non-ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1)-mediated CEC (P=0.048, P=0.018, respectively) versus RYGB. In multivariable regression models, only procedure type was predictive of changes in CEC (P=0.05). At 12 months after SG, CEC was equivalent to that of normal body mass index control subjects, whereas it remained impaired after RYGB. CONCLUSIONS SG and RYGB produce similar weight loss, but contrasting effects on CEC. These findings may be relevant in discussions about the type of procedure that is most appropriate for a particular obese patient. Further study of the mechanisms underlying these changes may lead to improved understanding of the factors governing CEC and potential therapeutic interventions to maximally reduce cardiovascular disease risk in both obese and nonobese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Heffron
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and the Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (S.P.H., B.L., J.S.B., E.A.F.), Department of Surgery (M.P.), and Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (J.S.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (B.S.); and Vascular Strategies LLC, Plymouth Meeting, PA (S.J.A., H.L.C.).
| | - Bing-Xue Lin
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and the Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (S.P.H., B.L., J.S.B., E.A.F.), Department of Surgery (M.P.), and Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (J.S.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (B.S.); and Vascular Strategies LLC, Plymouth Meeting, PA (S.J.A., H.L.C.)
| | - Manish Parikh
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and the Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (S.P.H., B.L., J.S.B., E.A.F.), Department of Surgery (M.P.), and Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (J.S.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (B.S.); and Vascular Strategies LLC, Plymouth Meeting, PA (S.J.A., H.L.C.)
| | - Bianca Scolaro
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and the Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (S.P.H., B.L., J.S.B., E.A.F.), Department of Surgery (M.P.), and Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (J.S.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (B.S.); and Vascular Strategies LLC, Plymouth Meeting, PA (S.J.A., H.L.C.)
| | - Steven J Adelman
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and the Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (S.P.H., B.L., J.S.B., E.A.F.), Department of Surgery (M.P.), and Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (J.S.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (B.S.); and Vascular Strategies LLC, Plymouth Meeting, PA (S.J.A., H.L.C.)
| | - Heidi L Collins
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and the Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (S.P.H., B.L., J.S.B., E.A.F.), Department of Surgery (M.P.), and Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (J.S.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (B.S.); and Vascular Strategies LLC, Plymouth Meeting, PA (S.J.A., H.L.C.)
| | - Jeffrey S Berger
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and the Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (S.P.H., B.L., J.S.B., E.A.F.), Department of Surgery (M.P.), and Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (J.S.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (B.S.); and Vascular Strategies LLC, Plymouth Meeting, PA (S.J.A., H.L.C.)
| | - Edward A Fisher
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and the Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (S.P.H., B.L., J.S.B., E.A.F.), Department of Surgery (M.P.), and Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (J.S.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (B.S.); and Vascular Strategies LLC, Plymouth Meeting, PA (S.J.A., H.L.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Talbot CP, Plat J, Ritsch A, Mensink RP. Determinants of cholesterol efflux capacity in humans. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 69:21-32. [PMID: 29269048 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
110
|
Shao B, Heinecke JW. Quantifying HDL proteins by mass spectrometry: how many proteins are there and what are their functions? Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 15:31-40. [PMID: 29113513 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1402680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many lines of evidence indicate that low levels of HDL cholesterol increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, recent clinical studies of statin-treated subjects with established atherosclerosis cast doubt on the hypothesis that elevating HDL cholesterol levels reduces CVD risk. Areas covered: It is critical to identify new HDL metrics that capture HDL's proposed cardioprotective effects. One promising approach is quantitative MS/MS-based HDL proteomics. This article focuses on recent studies of the feasibility and challenges of using this strategy in translational studies. It also discusses how lipid-lowering therapy and renal disease alter HDL's functions and proteome, and how HDL might serve as a platform for binding proteins with specific functional properties. Expert commentary: It is clear that HDL has a diverse protein cargo and that its functions extend well beyond its classic role in lipid transport and reverse cholesterol transport. MS/MS analysis has demonstrated that HDL might contain >80 different proteins. Key challenges are demonstrating that these proteins truly associate with HDL, are functionally important, and that MS-based HDL proteomics can reproducibly detect biomarkers in translational studies of disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Shao
- a Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- a Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are thought to exert a protective role against atherosclerosis. The measurement of the cholesterol mass within HDL (HDL-C) represents a good biomarker of cardiovascular health, but HDL-C appears to be a poor therapeutic target. Here, we discuss new targets for the development of HDL-directed therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Among cardio-protective functions of HDL particles, the ability of HDL to remove cholesterol from cells involved in the early stages of atherosclerosis is considered one of the most important functions. This process, termed "HDL biogenesis," is initiated by the formation of highly specialized plasma membrane micro-domains by the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and the binding of apolipoproteins (apo) such as apoA-I, the major protein moiety of HDL, to the micro-domains. Although early strategies aimed at increasing HDL biogenesis by upregulating ABCA1 or apoA-I gene expression have not met with clinical success, recent advances in understanding transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulatory pathways propose new targets for the promotion of HDL biogenesis. We have recently reported that a novel apoA-I-binding protein desmocollin 1 (DSC1) prevents HDL biogenesis and that inhibition of apoA-I-DSC1 interactions promotes HDL biogenesis by stabilizing ABCA1. This new HDL regulation pathway nominates DSC1 as an attractive pharmacological target. In the absence of clinically useful therapy to increase HDL biogenesis, finding novel targets to unlock the therapeutic potential of HDL is highly desired. Modulation of apoA-I-DSC1 interactions may be a viable strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Genest
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1001 boul. Decarie Bloc E, Office EM12212, Montreal, Québec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hong Y Choi
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1001 boul. Decarie Bloc E, Office EM12212, Montreal, Québec, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Miyahara H, Sawashita J, Ishikawa E, Yang M, Ding X, Liu Y, Hachiya N, Kametani F, Yazaki M, Mori M, Higuchi K. Comprehensive proteomic profiles of mouse AApoAII amyloid fibrils provide insights into the involvement of lipoproteins in the pathology of amyloidosis. J Proteomics 2017; 172:111-121. [PMID: 28988881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a disorder characterized by extracellular fibrillar deposits of misfolded proteins. The amyloid deposits commonly contain several non-fibrillar proteins as amyloid-associated proteins, but their roles in amyloidosis pathology are still unknown. In mouse senile amyloidosis, apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II) forms extracellular amyloid fibril (AApoAII) deposits with other proteins (AApoAII-associated proteins) in many organs. We previously reported that R1.P1-Apoa2c mice provide a reproducible model of AApoAII amyloidosis. In order to investigate the sequential alterations of AApoAII-associated protein, we performed a proteomic analysis of amyloid fibrils extracted from mouse liver tissues that contained different levels of AApoAII deposition. We identified 6 AApoAII-associated proteins that constituted 20 of the top-ranked proteins in mice with severe AApoAII deposition. Although the amount of AApoAII-associated proteins increased with the progression of amyloidosis, the relative abundance of AApoAII-associated proteins changed little throughout the progression of amyloidosis. On the other hand, plasma levels of these proteins showed dramatic changes during the progression of amyloidosis. In addition, we confirmed that AApoAII-associated proteins were significantly associated with lipid metabolism based on functional enrichment analysis, and lipids were co-deposited with AApoAII fibrils from early stages of development of amyloidosis. Thus, these results demonstrate that lipoproteins are involved in AApoAII amyloidosis pathology. SIGNIFICANCE This study presented proteomic profiles of AApoAII amyloidosis during disease progression and it revealed co-deposition of lipids with AApoAII deposits based on functional analyses. The relative abundance of AApoAII-associated proteins in the amyloid fibril fractions did not change over the course of development of AApoAII amyloidosis pathology. However, their concentrations in plasma changed dramatically with progression of the disease. Interestingly, several AApoAII-associated proteins have been found as constituents of lipid-rich lesions of other degenerative diseases, such as atherosclerosis and age-related macular degeneration. The common protein components among these diseases with lipid-rich deposits could be accounted for by a lipoprotein retention model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miyahara
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jinko Sawashita
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences for Intractable Neurological Diseases, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Division of Instrumental Research, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mu Yang
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yingye Liu
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Naomi Hachiya
- Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, Aomi, Koto-ku, 135-0064 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Kametani
- Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 156-8506 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Yazaki
- Department of Biological Sciences for Intractable Neurological Diseases, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mori
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Advanced Medicine for Health Promotion, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Higuchi
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences for Intractable Neurological Diseases, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epidemiological and clinical studies link low levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, genetic polymorphisms linked to HDL-C do not associate consistently with CVD risk, and randomized clinical studies of drugs that elevate HDL-C via different mechanisms failed to reduce CVD risk in statin-treated patients with established CVD. New metrics that capture HDL's proposed cardioprotective effects are therefore urgently needed. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies demonstrate cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of serum HDL (serum depleted of cholesterol-rich atherogenic lipoproteins) is an independent and better predictor of incident and prevalent CVD risk than HDL-C. However, it remains unclear whether therapies that increase CEC are cardioprotective. Other key issues are the impact of HDL-targeted therapies on HDL particle size and concentration and the relationship of those changes to CEC and cardioprotection. SUMMARY It is time to end the clinical focus on HDL-C and to understand how HDL's function, protein composition and size contribute to CVD risk. It will also be important to link variations in function and size to HDL-targeted therapies. Developing new metrics for quantifying HDL function, based on better understanding HDL metabolism and macrophage CEC, is critical for achieving these goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziella E. Ronsein
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química,
Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jay W. Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98109
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Zimetti F, De Vuono S, Gomaraschi M, Adorni MP, Favari E, Ronda N, Ricci MA, Veglia F, Calabresi L, Lupattelli G. Plasma cholesterol homeostasis, HDL remodeling and function during the acute phase reaction. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:2051-2060. [PMID: 28830907 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p076463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute phase reaction (APR) is a systemic inflammation triggered by several conditions associated with lipid profile alterations. We evaluated whether APR also associates with changes in cholesterol synthesis and absorption, HDL structure, composition, and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC). We analyzed 59 subjects with APR related to infections, oncologic causes, or autoimmune diseases and 39 controls. We detected no difference in markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption. Conversely, a significant reduction of LpA-I- and LpAI:AII-containing HDL (-28% and -44.8%, respectively) and of medium-sized HDL (-10.5%) occurred in APR. Total HDL CEC was impaired in APR subjects (-18%). Evaluating specific CEC pathways, we found significant reductions in CEC by aqueous diffusion and by the transporters scavenger receptor B-I and ABCG1 (-25.5, -41.1 and -30.4%, respectively). ABCA1-mediated CEC was not affected. Analyses adjusted for age and gender provided similar results. In addition, correcting for HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the differences in aqueous diffusion total and ABCG1-CEC remained significant. APR subjects displayed higher levels of HDL serum amyloid A (+20-folds; P = 0.003). In conclusion, APR does not associate with cholesterol synthesis and absorption changes but with alterations of HDL composition and a marked impairment of HDL CEC, partly independent of HDL-C serum level reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano De Vuono
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Gomaraschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Elda Favari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ronda
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Anastasia Ricci
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Laura Calabresi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Graziana Lupattelli
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Bigazzi F, Adorni MP, Puntoni M, Sbrana F, Lionetti V, Pino BD, Favari E, Recchia FA, Bernini F, Sampietro T. Analysis of Serum Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in a Minipig Model of Nonischemic Heart Failure. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:853-862. [PMID: 27980243 PMCID: PMC5556192 DOI: 10.5551/jat.37101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Circulating levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are decreased in patients with heart failure (HF). We tested whether HDL-C serum levels are associated with cardiac contractile dysfunction in a minipig HF model. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 13 adult male minipigs: 1) before pacemaker implantation, 2) 10 days after surgery, and 3) 3 weeks after high-rate LV pacing. Serum cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), an index of HDL functionality, was assessed through four mechanisms: ATP Binding Cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ATP Binding Cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), Scavenger Receptor-Class B Type I (SR-BI) and Passive Diffusion (PD). Results: HDL-C serum levels significantly decrease in minipigs with HF compared with baseline (p < 0.0001). Serum CEC mediated by PD and SR-BI, but not ABCA1 or ABCG1, significantly decrease in animals with HF (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively). Discussion: HDL-C serum levels and partial serum CEC reduction may play a pathophysiological role in the cardiac function decay sustained by high-rate LV pacing, opening new avenues to understand of the pathogenesis of nonischemic myocardial remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio.,Laboratory of Medical Science, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
| | | | | | - Fabio A Recchia
- Laboratory of Medical Science, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna.,Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
van der Vorst EPC, Theodorou K, Biessen EAL, Donners MMPC. Disease- or Storage-Associated Structural Modifications Are Unlikely to Explain HDL Pro-inflammatory Effects on Macrophages. Cell Metab 2017. [PMID: 28648982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Van der Vorst et al. underscore the relevance of HDL quality control, considering HDL source and processing, but argue that disease- or storage-associated structural modifications of HDL cannot explain the observed pro-inflammatory effects on macrophages. Discrepancies between reported effects of HDL in macrophages are probably related to methodological differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiel P C van der Vorst
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Kosta Theodorou
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands; IMCARIM, Uniklinikum Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marjo M P C Donners
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Asztalos BF, Horvath KV, Mehan M, Yokota Y, Schaefer EJ. Influence of HDL particles on cell-cholesterol efflux under various pathological conditions. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1238-1246. [PMID: 28420704 PMCID: PMC5454514 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m075648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that low cell-cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL is an independent risk factor for CVD. To better understand CEC regulation, we measured ABCA1- and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)-dependent cell-cholesterol efflux, HDL anti-oxidative capacity, HDL particles, lipids, and inflammatory- and oxidative-stress markers in 122 subjects with elevated plasma levels of triglyceride (TG), serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen, myeloperoxidase (MPO), or β-sitosterol and in 146 controls. In controls, there were strong positive correlations between ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux and small preβ-1 concentrations (R2 = 0.317) and SR-BI-dependent cholesterol efflux and large (α-1 + α-2) HDL particle concentrations (R2 = 0.774). In high-TG patients, both the concentration and the functionality (preβ-1 concentration-normalized ABCA1 efflux) of preβ-1 particles were significantly elevated compared with controls; however, though the concentration of large particles was significantly decreased, their functionality (large HDL concentration-normalized SR-BI efflux) was significantly elevated. High levels of SAA or MPO were not associated with decreased functionality of either the small (preβ-1) or the large (α-1 + α-2) HDL particles. HDL anti-oxidative capacity was negatively influenced by high plasma β-sitosterol levels, but not by the concentrations of HDL particles, TG, SAA, fibrinogen, or MPO. Our data demonstrate that under certain conditions CEC is influenced not only by quantitative (concentration), but also by qualitative (functional) properties of HDL particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bela F Asztalos
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
- Boston Heart Diagnostics, Framingham, MA
| | - Katalin V Horvath
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
- Boston Heart Diagnostics, Framingham, MA
| | | | - Yuya Yokota
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Ernst J Schaefer
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
- Boston Heart Diagnostics, Framingham, MA
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Boyce G, Button E, Soo S, Wellington C. The pleiotropic vasoprotective functions of high density lipoproteins (HDL). J Biomed Res 2017; 32:164. [PMID: 28550271 PMCID: PMC6265396 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic functions of circulating high density lipoprotein (HDL) on peripheral vascular health are well established. HDL plays a pivotal role in reverse cholesterol transport and is also known to suppress inflammation, endothelial activation and apoptosis in peripheral vessels. Although not expressed in the central nervous system, HDL has nevertheless emerged as a potential resilience factor for dementia in multiple epidemiological studies. Animal model data specifically support a role for HDL in attenuating the accumulation of β-amyloid within cerebral vessels concomitant with reduced neuroinflammation and improved cognitive performance. As the vascular contributions to dementia are increasingly appreciated, this review seeks to summarize recent literature focused on the vasoprotective properties of HDL that may extend to cerebral vessels, discuss potential roles of HDL in dementia relative to brain-derived lipoproteins, identify gaps in current knowledge, and highlight new opportunities for research and discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilaine Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Emily Button
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sonja Soo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cheryl Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Luo M, Liu A, Wang S, Wang T, Hu D, Wu S, Peng D. ApoCIII enrichment in HDL impairs HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2312. [PMID: 28539597 PMCID: PMC5443776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) has been reported to be tightly associated with triglyceride metabolism and the susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD). Besides, apoCIII has also been found to affect the anti-apoptotic effects of HDL. However, the effect of apoCIII on HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux, the crucial function of HDL, has not been reported. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to compare the apoCIII distribution in lipoproteins between CAD patients and nonCAD controls and to explore the relationship between HDL-associated apoCIII (apoCIIIHDL) and HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. One hundred forty CAD patients and nighty nine nonCAD controls were included. Plasma apoCIII, apoCIIIHDL and cholesterol efflux capacity was measured. The apoCIIIHDL ratio (apoCIIIHDL over plasma apoCIII) was significantly higher in CAD patients than that in control group (0.52 ± 0.24 vs. 0.43 ± 0.22, P = 0.004). Both apoCIIIHDL and apoCIIIHDL ratio were inversely correlated with cholesterol efflux capacity (r = −0.241, P = 0.0002; r = −0.318, P < 0.0001, respectively). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the apoCIIIHDL ratio was an independent contributor to HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (standardized β = −0.325, P < 0.001). This study indicates that the presence of apoCIII in HDL may affect HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity, implying the alternative role of apoCIII in the atherogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Aiying Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tianle Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
|
121
|
Khera AV, Demler OV, Adelman SJ, Collins HL, Glynn RJ, Ridker PM, Rader DJ, Mora S. Cholesterol Efflux Capacity, High-Density Lipoprotein Particle Number, and Incident Cardiovascular Events: An Analysis From the JUPITER Trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin). Circulation 2017; 135:2494-2504. [PMID: 28450350 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.025678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent failures of drugs that raised high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels to reduce cardiovascular events in clinical trials have led to increased interest in alternative indices of HDL quality, such as cholesterol efflux capacity, and HDL quantity, such as HDL particle number. However, no studies have directly compared these metrics in a contemporary population that includes potent statin therapy and low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. METHODS HDL cholesterol levels, apolipoprotein A-I, cholesterol efflux capacity, and HDL particle number were assessed at baseline and 12 months in a nested case-control study of the JUPITER trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin), a randomized primary prevention trial that compared rosuvastatin treatment to placebo in individuals with normal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but increased C-reactive protein levels. In total, 314 cases of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) (myocardial infarction, unstable angina, arterial revascularization, stroke, or cardiovascular death) were compared to age- and gender-matched controls. Conditional logistic regression models adjusting for risk factors evaluated associations between HDL-related biomarkers and incident CVD. RESULTS Cholesterol efflux capacity was moderately correlated with HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, and HDL particle number (Spearman r= 0.39, 0.48, and 0.39 respectively; P<0.001). Baseline HDL particle number was inversely associated with incident CVD (adjusted odds ratio per SD increment [OR/SD], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-0.86; P<0.001), whereas no significant association was found for baseline cholesterol efflux capacity (OR/SD, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.72-1.10; P=0.28), HDL cholesterol (OR/SD, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.66-1.02; P=0.08), or apolipoprotein A-I (OR/SD, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.67-1.03; P=0.08). Twelve months of rosuvastatin (20 mg/day) did not change cholesterol efflux capacity (average percentage change -1.5%, 95% CI, -13.3 to +10.2; P=0.80), but increased HDL cholesterol (+7.7%), apolipoprotein A-I (+4.3%), and HDL particle number (+5.2%). On-statin cholesterol efflux capacity was inversely associated with incident CVD (OR/SD, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.42-0.92; P=0.02), although HDL particle number again emerged as the strongest predictor (OR/SD, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.33-0.77; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In JUPITER, cholesterol efflux capacity was associated with incident CVD in individuals on potent statin therapy but not at baseline. For both baseline and on-statin analyses, HDL particle number was the strongest of 4 HDL-related biomarkers as an inverse predictor of incident events and biomarker of residual risk. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00239681.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit V Khera
- From Cardiology Division and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.V.K.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.V.K., O.V.D., P.MR., S.M.); Center for Lipid Metabolomics and Division of Preventive Medicine (A.V.K., O.V.D., R.J.G., P.MR., S.M.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.MR., S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Vascular Strategies, Plymouth Meeting, PA (S.J.A., H.L.C.); and Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (D.J.R.)
| | - Olga V Demler
- From Cardiology Division and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.V.K.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.V.K., O.V.D., P.MR., S.M.); Center for Lipid Metabolomics and Division of Preventive Medicine (A.V.K., O.V.D., R.J.G., P.MR., S.M.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.MR., S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Vascular Strategies, Plymouth Meeting, PA (S.J.A., H.L.C.); and Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (D.J.R.)
| | - Steven J Adelman
- From Cardiology Division and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.V.K.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.V.K., O.V.D., P.MR., S.M.); Center for Lipid Metabolomics and Division of Preventive Medicine (A.V.K., O.V.D., R.J.G., P.MR., S.M.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.MR., S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Vascular Strategies, Plymouth Meeting, PA (S.J.A., H.L.C.); and Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (D.J.R.)
| | - Heidi L Collins
- From Cardiology Division and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.V.K.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.V.K., O.V.D., P.MR., S.M.); Center for Lipid Metabolomics and Division of Preventive Medicine (A.V.K., O.V.D., R.J.G., P.MR., S.M.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.MR., S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Vascular Strategies, Plymouth Meeting, PA (S.J.A., H.L.C.); and Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (D.J.R.)
| | - Robert J Glynn
- From Cardiology Division and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.V.K.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.V.K., O.V.D., P.MR., S.M.); Center for Lipid Metabolomics and Division of Preventive Medicine (A.V.K., O.V.D., R.J.G., P.MR., S.M.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.MR., S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Vascular Strategies, Plymouth Meeting, PA (S.J.A., H.L.C.); and Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (D.J.R.)
| | - Paul M Ridker
- From Cardiology Division and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.V.K.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.V.K., O.V.D., P.MR., S.M.); Center for Lipid Metabolomics and Division of Preventive Medicine (A.V.K., O.V.D., R.J.G., P.MR., S.M.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.MR., S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Vascular Strategies, Plymouth Meeting, PA (S.J.A., H.L.C.); and Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (D.J.R.)
| | - Daniel J Rader
- From Cardiology Division and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.V.K.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.V.K., O.V.D., P.MR., S.M.); Center for Lipid Metabolomics and Division of Preventive Medicine (A.V.K., O.V.D., R.J.G., P.MR., S.M.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.MR., S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Vascular Strategies, Plymouth Meeting, PA (S.J.A., H.L.C.); and Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (D.J.R.)
| | - Samia Mora
- From Cardiology Division and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.V.K.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.V.K., O.V.D., P.MR., S.M.); Center for Lipid Metabolomics and Division of Preventive Medicine (A.V.K., O.V.D., R.J.G., P.MR., S.M.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.MR., S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Vascular Strategies, Plymouth Meeting, PA (S.J.A., H.L.C.); and Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (D.J.R.).
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Soupene E, Larkin SK, Kuypers FA. Featured Article: Depletion of HDL 3 high density lipoprotein and altered functionality of HDL 2 in blood from sickle cell patients. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1244-1253. [PMID: 28436274 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217706966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In sickle cell disease (SCD), alterations of cholesterol metabolism is in part related to abnormal levels and activity of plasma proteins such as lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), and apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I). In addition, the size distribution of ApoA-I high density lipoproteins (HDL) differs from normal blood. The ratio of the amount of HDL2 particle relative to the smaller higher density pre-β HDL (HDL3) particle was shifted toward HDL2. This lipoprotein imbalance is exacerbated during acute vaso-occlusive episodes (VOE) as the relative levels of HDL3 decrease. HDL3 deficiency in SCD plasma was found to relate to a slower ApoA-I exchange rate, which suggests an impaired ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux in SCD. HDL2 isolated from SCD plasma displayed an antioxidant capacity normally associated with HDL3, providing evidence for a change in function of HDL2 in SCD as compared to HDL2 in normal plasma. Although SCD plasma is depleted in HDL3, this altered capacity of HDL2 could account for the lack of difference in pro-inflammatory HDL levels in SCD as compared to normal. Exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to HDL2 isolated from SCD plasma resulted in higher mRNA levels of the acute phase protein long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) as compared to incubation with HDL2 from control plasma. Addition of the heme-scavenger hemopexin protein prevented increased expression of PTX3 in sickle HDL2-treated cells. These findings suggest that ApoA-I lipoprotein composition and functions are altered in SCD plasma, and that whole blood transfusion may be considered as a blood replacement therapy in SCD. Impact statement Our study adds to the growing evidence that the dysfunctional red blood cell (RBC) in sickle cell disease (SCD) affects the plasma environment, which contributes significantly in the vasculopathy that defines the disease. Remodeling of anti-inflammatory high density lipoprotein (HDL) to pro-inflammatory entities can occur during the acute phase response. SCD plasma is depleted of the pre-β particle (HDL3), which is essential for stimulation of reverse cholesterol from macrophages, and the function of the larger HDL2 particle is altered. These dysfunctions are exacerbated during vaso-occlusive episodes. Interaction of lipoproteins with endothelium increases formation of inflammatory mediators, a process counteracted by the heme-scavenger hemopexin. This links hemolysis to lipoprotein-mediated inflammation in SCD, and hemopexin treatment could be considered. The use of RBC concentrates in transfusion therapy of SCD patients underestimates the importance of the dysfunctional plasma compartment, and transfusion of whole blood or plasma may be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Soupene
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Sandra K Larkin
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Frans A Kuypers
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Gordon SM, Remaley AT. High density lipoproteins are modulators of protease activity: Implications in inflammation, complement activation, and atherothrombosis. Atherosclerosis 2017; 259:104-113. [PMID: 28242049 PMCID: PMC5391047 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDL) represent a compositionally diverse population of particles in the circulation, containing a wide variety of lipids and proteins. Gene ontology functional analysis of the 96 commonly identified HDL binding proteins reveals that almost half of these proteins are either proteases or have known roles in protease regulation. Here, we discuss the activities of some of these proteins in regard to their roles in regulating proteases involved in inflammation, coagulation, and complement activation, particularly in the context of atherosclerosis. The overall goal of this review is to discuss potential functional roles of HDL in protease regulatory pathways based on current literature and known functions of HDL binding proteins and to promote the consideration of HDL as a global modulator of proteolytic equilibrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Gordon
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The ability of HDL to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages is a predictor of cardiovascular risk independent of HDL cholesterol levels. However, the molecular determinants of HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) are largely unknown. RECENT FINDINGS The term HDL defines a heterogeneous population of particles with distinct size, shape, protein, and lipid composition. Cholesterol efflux is mediated by multiple pathways that may be differentially modulated by HDL composition. Furthermore, different subpopulations of HDL particles mediate CEC via specific pathways, but the molecular determinants of CEC, either proteins or lipids, are unclear. Inflammation promotes a profound remodeling of HDL and impairs overall HDL CEC while improving ATP-binding cassette transporter G1-mediated efflux. This review discusses recent findings that connect HDL composition and CEC. SUMMARY Data from recent animal and human studies clearly show that multiple factors associate with CEC including individual proteins, lipid composition, as well as specific particle subpopulations. Although acute inflammation remodels HDL and impairs CEC, chronic inflammation has more subtle effects. Standardization of assays measuring HDL composition and CEC is a necessary prerequisite for understanding the factors controlling HDL CEC. Unraveling these factors may help the development of new therapeutic interventions improving HDL function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Corresponding author: Tomas Vaisar, Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St, Seattle, WA 98109, Ph: (206) 616-4972,
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Kane JP, Malloy MJ. Lipoproteins and amyloid vascular disease. Curr Opin Lipidol 2016; 27:640-641. [PMID: 27805977 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John P Kane
- Cardiovascular Research Institute; University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
126
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Studies have shown that chronic inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and psoriasis are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The mechanism by which inflammation increases cardiovascular disease is likely multifactorial but changes in HDL structure and function that occur during inflammation could play a role. RECENT FINDINGS HDL levels decrease with inflammation and there are marked changes in HDL-associated proteins. Serum amyloid A markedly increases whereas apolipoprotein A-I, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, cholesterol ester transfer protein, paraoxonase 1, and apolipoprotein M decrease. The exact mechanism by which inflammation decreases HDL levels is not defined but decreases in apolipoprotein A-I production, increases in serum amyloid A, increases in endothelial lipase and secretory phospholipase A2 activity, and decreases in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity could all contribute. The changes in HDL induced by inflammation reduce the ability of HDL to participate in reverse cholesterol transport and protect LDL from oxidation. SUMMARY During inflammation multiple changes in HDL structure occur leading to alterations in HDL function. In the short term, these changes may be beneficial resulting in an increase in cholesterol in peripheral cells to improve host defense and repair but over the long term these changes may increase the risk of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Feingold
- Metabolism Section, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
127
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation associated with increased expression of the acute phase isoforms of serum amyloid A (SAA) and in humans is a plasma biomarker for future cardiovascular events. However, whether SAA is only a biomarker or participates in the development of cardiovascular disease is not well characterized. The purpose of this review is to summarize putative functions of SAA relevant to atherogenesis and in-vivo murine studies that directly examine the effect of SAA on atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Modulation of the expression of SAA1 and/or SAA2 in murine models of atherosclerosis suggests that SAA promotes early atherogenesis. SAA secreted from bone-marrow-derived cells contributes to this antiatherogenic phenotype. SAA also promotes angiotensin-induced abdominal aneurysm in atherogenic mouse models. The reduction in atherosclerosis may be due, at least in part, to remodeling of the acute phase HDL to reduce its capacity to promote cholesterol efflux and reduce its anti-inflammatory ability. SUMMARY SAA is more than a marker of cardiovascular disease and is a participant in the early atherogenic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey S Getz
- aDepartment of Pathology bDepartment of Medicine cBen May Institute for Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
128
|
Zhao D, Yang LY, Wang XH, Yuan SS, Yu CG, Wang ZW, Lang JN, Feng YM. Different relationship between ANGPTL3 and HDL components in female non-diabetic subjects and type-2 diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:132. [PMID: 27620179 PMCID: PMC5020513 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) is a major lipoprotein regulator and shows positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) in population studies and ANGPTL3 mutated subjects. However, no study has looked its correlation with HDL components nor with HDL function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods We studied 298 non-diabetic subjects and 300 T2DM patients who were randomly recruited in the tertiary referral centre. Plasma levels of ANGPTL3 were quantified by ELISA. Plasma samples were fractionated to obtain HDLs. HDL components including apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), triglyceride, serum amyloid A (SAA), phospholipid and Sphingosine-1-phosphate were measured. HDLs were isolated from female controls and T2DM patients by ultracentrifugation to assess cholesterol efflux against HDLs. A Pearson unadjusted correlation analysis and a linear regression analysis adjusting for age, body mass index and lipid lowering drugs were performed in male or female non-diabetic participants or diabetic patients, respectively. Results We demonstrated that plasma level of ANGPTL3 was lower in female T2DM patients than female controls although no difference of ANGPTL3 levels was detected between male controls and T2DM patients. After adjusting for confounding factors, one SD increase of ANGPTL3 (164.6 ng/ml) associated with increase of 2.57 mg/dL cholesterol and 1.14 μg/mL apoA-I but decrease of 47.07 μg/L of SAA in HDL particles of non-diabetic females (p < 0.05 for cholesterol and SAA; p < 0.0001 for apoA-I). By contrast, 1-SD increase of ANGPTL3 (159.9 ng/ml) associated with increase of 1.69 mg/dl cholesterol and 1.25 μg/mL apoA-I but decrease of 11.70 μg/L of SAA in HDL particles of female diabetic patients (p < 0.05 for cholesterol; p < 0.0001 for apoA-I; p = 0.676 for SAA). Moreover, one SD increase of ANGPTL3 associated with increase of 2.11 % cholesterol efflux against HDLs in non-diabetic females (p = 0.071) but decrease of 1.46 % in female T2DM patients (p = 0.13) after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions ANGPTL3 is specifically correlated with HDL-c, apoA-I, SAA and HDL function in female non-diabetic participants. The decrease of ANGPTL3 level in female T2DM patients might contribute to its weak association to HDL components and function. ANGPTL3 could be considered as a novel therapeutic target for HDL metabolism for treating diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0450-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Long-Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Xu-Hong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Sha-Sha Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Cai-Guo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Zong-Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Jia-Nan Lang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Ying-Mei Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China. .,Stem Cell Institute, University of Leuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Tardif JC, Rhainds D, Brodeur M, Feroz Zada Y, Fouodjio R, Provost S, Boulé M, Alem S, Grégoire JC, L'Allier PL, Ibrahim R, Guertin MC, Mongrain I, Olsson AG, Schwartz GG, Rhéaume E, Dubé MP. Genotype-Dependent Effects of Dalcetrapib on Cholesterol Efflux and Inflammation: Concordance With Clinical Outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:340-8. [PMID: 27418594 PMCID: PMC4982759 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dalcetrapib effects on cardiovascular outcomes are determined by adenylate cyclase 9 gene polymorphisms. Our aim was to determine whether these clinical end point results are also associated with changes in reverse cholesterol transport and inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants of the dal-OUTCOMES and dal-PLAQUE-2 trials were randomly assigned to receive dalcetrapib or placebo in addition to standard care. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was measured at baseline and at end of study in 5243 patients from dal-OUTCOMES also genotyped for the rs1967309 polymorphism in adenylate cyclase 9. Cholesterol efflux capacity of high-density lipoproteins from J774 macrophages after cAMP stimulation was determined at baseline and 12 months in 171 genotyped patients from dal-PLAQUE-2. Treatment with dalcetrapib resulted in placebo-adjusted geometric mean percent increases in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein from baseline to end of trial of 18.1% (P=0.0009) and 18.7% (P=0.00001) in participants with the GG and AG genotypes, respectively, but the change was -1.0% (P=0.89) in those with the protective AA genotype. There was an interaction between the treatment arm and the genotype groups (P=0.02). Although the mean change in cholesterol efflux was similar among study arms in patients with GG genotype (mean: 7.8% and 7.4%), increases were 22.3% and 3.5% with dalcetrapib and placebo for those with AA genotype (P=0.005). There was a significant genetic effect for change in efflux for dalcetrapib (P=0.02), but not with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Genotype-dependent effects on C-reactive protein and cholesterol efflux are supportive of dalcetrapib benefits on atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes in patients with the AA genotype at polymorphism rs1967309. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; Unique Identifiers: NCT00658515 and NCT01059682.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Tardif
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.).
| | - David Rhainds
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Mathieu Brodeur
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Yassamin Feroz Zada
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - René Fouodjio
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Sylvie Provost
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Marie Boulé
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Sonia Alem
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Jean C Grégoire
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Philippe L L'Allier
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Reda Ibrahim
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Marie-Claude Guertin
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Ian Mongrain
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Anders G Olsson
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Gregory G Schwartz
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Eric Rhéaume
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.).
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Connelly MA, Shalaurova I, Otvos JD. High-density lipoprotein and inflammation in cardiovascular disease. Transl Res 2016; 173:7-18. [PMID: 26850902 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Great advances are being made at the mechanistic level in the understanding of the structural and functional diversity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL particle subspecies of different sizes are now known to differ in the protein and lipid cargo they transport, conferring on them the ability to perform different functions that in aggregate would be expected to provide protection against the development of atherosclerosis and its downstream clinical consequences. Exacerbating what is already a very complex system is the finding that inflammation, via alteration of the proteomic and lipidomic composition of HDL subspecies, can modulate at least some of their functional activities. In contrast to the progress being made at the mechanistic level, HDL epidemiologic research has lagged behind, largely because the simple HDL biomarkers used (mainly just HDL cholesterol) lack the needed complexity. To address this deficiency, analyses will need to use multiple HDL subspecies and be conducted in such a way as to eliminate potential sources of confounding. To help account for the modulating influence of inflammation, effective use must also be made of inflammatory biomarkers including searching systematically for HDL-inflammation interactions. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-measured HDL subclass data and a novel NMR-derived inflammatory biomarker, GlycA, we offer a case study example of the type of analytic approach considered necessary to advance HDL epidemiologic understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Shalaurova
- LipoScience, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Raleigh, NC
| | - James D Otvos
- LipoScience, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Raleigh, NC.
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Annema W, von Eckardstein A. Dysfunctional high-density lipoproteins in coronary heart disease: implications for diagnostics and therapy. Transl Res 2016; 173:30-57. [PMID: 26972566 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are associated with increased risks of coronary heart disease. HDL mediates cholesterol efflux from macrophages for reverse transport to the liver and elicits many anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities which are potentially anti-atherogenic. Nevertheless, HDL has not been successfully targeted by drugs for prevention or treatment of cardiovascular diseases. One potential reason is the targeting of HDL cholesterol which does not capture the structural and functional complexity of HDL particles. Hundreds of lipid species and dozens of proteins as well as several microRNAs have been identified in HDL. This physiological heterogeneity is further increased in pathologic conditions due to additional quantitative and qualitative molecular changes of HDL components which have been associated with both loss of physiological function and gain of pathologic dysfunction. This structural and functional complexity of HDL has prevented clear assignments of molecules to the functions of normal HDL and dysfunctions of pathologic HDL. Systematic analyses of structure-function relationships of HDL-associated molecules and their modifications are needed to test the different components and functions of HDL for their relative contribution in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The derived biomarkers and targets may eventually help to exploit HDL for treatment and diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wijtske Annema
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
132
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The clinical utility of HDLs has been scrutinized upon the publication of Mendelian randomization studies showing no effect of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) modifying variants on cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcome. The failures of randomized controlled HDL-C-directed intervention trials have further fueled this skepticism. This general criticism originates from oversimplification that has equated 'HDL-C' with 'HDL' and misconceived both as the 'good cholesterol'. RECENT FINDINGS HDL particles are heterogeneous and carry hundreds of different lipids, proteins, and microRNAs. Many of them but not cholesterol, that is, HDL-C, contributes to the multiple protective functions of HDLs that probably evolved to manage potentially life-threatening crises. Inflammatory processes modify the composition of HDL particles as well as their individual protein and lipid components, and, as a consequence, also their functionality. Gain of dominant-negative functions makes dysfunctional HDL a part rather than a solution of the endangering situation. Quantification of HDL particle numbers, distinct proteins or lipids, and modifications thereof as well as bioassays of HDL functionality are currently explored toward their diagnostic performance in risk prediction and monitoring of treatment response. SUMMARY Any successful clinical exploitation of HDLs will depend on the identification of the most relevant (dys)functions and their structural correlates. Stringent or prioritized structure-(dys)function relationships may provide biomarkers for better risk assessment and monitoring of treatment response. The most relevant agonists carried by either functional or dysfunctional HDLs as well as their cellular responders are interesting targets for drug development.
Collapse
|
133
|
Affiliation(s)
- Narmadaa Thyagarajan
- From Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Alexander M Brannan
- From Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Robert J Brown
- From Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Frame NM, Gursky O. Structure of serum amyloid A suggests a mechanism for selective lipoprotein binding and functions: SAA as a hub in macromolecular interaction networks. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:866-79. [PMID: 26918388 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A is a major acute-phase plasma protein that modulates innate immunity and cholesterol homeostasis. We combine sequence analysis with x-ray crystal structures to postulate that SAA acts as an intrinsically disordered hub mediating interactions among proteins, lipids and proteoglycans. A structural model of lipoprotein-bound SAA monomer is proposed wherein two α-helices from the N-domain form a concave hydrophobic surface that binds lipoproteins. A C-domain, connected to the N-domain via a flexible linker, binds polar/charged ligands including cell receptors, bridging them with lipoproteins and rerouting cholesterol transport. Our model is supported by the SAA cleavage in the interdomain linker to generate the 1-76 fragment deposited in reactive amyloidosis. This model sheds new light on functions of this enigmatic protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Frame
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olga Gursky
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Pamir N, Hutchins P, Ronsein G, Vaisar T, Reardon CA, Getz GS, Lusis AJ, Heinecke JW. Proteomic analysis of HDL from inbred mouse strains implicates APOE associated with HDL in reduced cholesterol efflux capacity via the ABCA1 pathway. J Lipid Res 2015; 57:246-57. [PMID: 26673204 PMCID: PMC4727420 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m063701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol efflux capacity associates strongly and negatively with the incidence and prevalence of human CVD. We investigated the relationships of HDL’s size and protein cargo with its cholesterol efflux capacity using APOB-depleted serum and HDLs isolated from five inbred mouse strains with different susceptibilities to atherosclerosis. Like humans, mouse HDL carried >70 proteins linked to lipid metabolism, the acute-phase response, proteinase inhibition, and the immune system. HDL’s content of specific proteins strongly correlated with its size and cholesterol efflux capacity, suggesting that its protein cargo regulates its function. Cholesterol efflux capacity with macrophages strongly and positively correlated with retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and PLTP, but not APOA1. In contrast, ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux correlated strongly with HDL’s content of APOA1, APOC3, and APOD, but not RBP4 and PLTP. Unexpectedly, APOE had a strong negative correlation with ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity. Moreover, the ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL isolated from APOE-deficient mice was significantly greater than that of HDL from wild-type mice. Our observations demonstrate that the HDL-associated APOE regulates HDL’s ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity. These findings may be clinically relevant because HDL’s APOE content associates with CVD risk and ABCA1 deficiency promotes unregulated cholesterol accumulation in human macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pamir
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Godfrey S Getz
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
McEneny J, McKavanagh P, York E, Nadeem N, Harbinson M, Stevenson M, Ball P, Lusk L, Trinick T, Young IS, McKay GJ, Donnelly PM. Serum- and HDL3-serum amyloid A and HDL3-LCAT activity are influenced by increased CVD-burden. Atherosclerosis 2015; 244:172-8. [PMID: 26647373 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High density lipoproteins (HDL) protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, increased serum amyloid-A (SAA) related inflammation may negate this property. This study investigated if SAA was related to CVD-burden. METHODS Subjects referred to the rapid chest pain clinic (n = 240) had atherosclerotic burden assessed by cardiac computerised tomography angiography. Subjects were classified as: no-CVD (n = 106), non-obstructive-CVD, stenosis<50% (n = 58) or moderate/significant-CVD, stenosis ≥50% (n = 76). HDL was subfractionated into HDL2 and HDL3 by rapid-ultracentrifugation. SAA-concentration was measured by ELISA and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity measured by a fluorimetric assay. RESULTS We illustrated that serum-SAA and HDL3-SAA-concentration were higher and HDL3-LCAT-activity lower in the moderate/significant-CVD-group, compared to the no-CVD and non-obstructive-CVD-groups (percent differences: serum-SAA, +33% & +30%: HDL3-SAA, +65% and +39%: HDL3-LCAT, -6% & -3%; p < 0.05 for all comparisons). We also identified a positive correlation between serum-SAA and HDL3-SAA (r = 0.698; p < 0.001) and a negative correlation between HDL3-SAA and HDL3-LCAT-activity (r = -0.295; p = 0.003), while CVD-burden positively correlated with serum-SAA (r = 0.150; p < 0.05) and HDL3-SAA (r = 0.252; p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with HDL3-LCAT-activity (r = -0.182; p = 0.006). Additionally, multivariate regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, CRP and serum-SAA illustrated that HDL3-SAA was significantly associated with modifying CVD-risk of moderate/significant CVD-risk (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated increased SAA-related inflammation in subjects with moderate/significant CVD-burden, which appeared to impact on the antiatherogenic potential of HDL. We suggest that SAA may be a useful biomarker to illustrate increased CVD-burden, although this requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane McEneny
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter McKavanagh
- Cardiovascular Research Department, Ulster Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund York
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nida Nadeem
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Harbinson
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Stevenson
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Ball
- Cardiovascular Research Department, Ulster Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Lusk
- Cardiovascular Research Department, Ulster Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Trinick
- Clinical Biochemistry, Ulster Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ian S Young
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J McKay
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick M Donnelly
- Cardiovascular Research Department, Ulster Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Han CY, Tang C, Guevara ME, Wei H, Wietecha T, Shao B, Subramanian S, Omer M, Wang S, O'Brien KD, Marcovina SM, Wight TN, Vaisar T, de Beer MC, de Beer FC, Osborne WR, Elkon KB, Chait A. Serum amyloid A impairs the antiinflammatory properties of HDL. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:266-81. [PMID: 26642365 DOI: 10.1172/jci83475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL from healthy humans and lean mice inhibits palmitate-induced adipocyte inflammation; however, the effect of the inflammatory state on the functional properties of HDL on adipocytes is unknown. Here, we found that HDL from mice injected with AgNO3 fails to inhibit palmitate-induced inflammation and reduces cholesterol efflux from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, HDL isolated from obese mice with moderate inflammation and humans with systemic lupus erythematosus had similar effects. Since serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations in HDL increase with inflammation, we investigated whether elevated SAA is a causal factor in HDL dysfunction. HDL from AgNO3-injected mice lacking Saa1.1 and Saa2.1 exhibited a partial restoration of antiinflammatory and cholesterol efflux properties in adipocytes. Conversely, incorporation of SAA into HDL preparations reduced antiinflammatory properties but not to the same extent as HDL from AgNO3-injected mice. SAA-enriched HDL colocalized with cell surface-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) of adipocytes, suggesting impaired access to the plasma membrane. Enzymatic digestion of proteoglycans in the ECM restored the ability of SAA-containing HDL to inhibit palmitate-induced inflammation and cholesterol efflux. Collectively, these findings indicate that inflammation results in a loss of the antiinflammatory properties of HDL on adipocytes, which appears to partially result from the SAA component of HDL binding to cell-surface proteoglycans, thereby preventing access of HDL to the plasma membrane.
Collapse
|
138
|
Dysfunctional High-Density Lipoprotein: An Innovative Target for Proteomics and Lipidomics. CHOLESTEROL 2015; 2015:296417. [PMID: 26634153 PMCID: PMC4655037 DOI: 10.1155/2015/296417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C) is regarded as an important protective factor against cardiovascular disease, with abundant evidence of an inverse relationship between its serum levels and risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as various antiatherogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Nevertheless, observations of hereditary syndromes featuring scant HDL-C concentration in absence of premature atherosclerotic disease suggest HDL-C levels may not be the best predictor of cardiovascular disease. Indeed, the beneficial effects of HDL may not depend solely on their concentration, but also on their quality. Distinct subfractions of this lipoprotein appear to be constituted by specific protein-lipid conglomerates necessary for different physiologic and pathophysiologic functions. However, in a chronic inflammatory microenvironment, diverse components of the HDL proteome and lipid core suffer alterations, which propel a shift towards a dysfunctional state, where HDL-C becomes proatherogenic, prooxidant, and proinflammatory. This heterogeneity highlights the need for further specialized molecular studies in this aspect, in order to achieve a better understanding of this dysfunctional state; with an emphasis on the potential role for proteomics and lipidomics as valuable methods in the search of novel therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
139
|
Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Fogelman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) protect against atherosclerosis by removing excess cholesterol from macrophages through the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) pathways involved in reverse cholesterol transport. Factors that impair the availability of functional apolipoproteins or the activities of ABCA1 and ABCG1 could, therefore, strongly influence atherogenesis. HDL also inhibits lipid oxidation, restores endothelial function, exerts anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic actions, and exerts anti-inflammatory actions in animal models. Such properties could contribute considerably to the capacity of HDL to inhibit atherosclerosis. Systemic and vascular inflammation has been proposed to convert HDL to a dysfunctional form that has impaired antiatherogenic effects. A loss of anti-inflammatory and antioxidative proteins, perhaps in combination with a gain of proinflammatory proteins, might be another important component in rendering HDL dysfunctional. The proinflammatory enzyme myeloperoxidase induces both oxidative modification and nitrosylation of specific residues on plasma and arterial apolipoprotein A-I to render HDL dysfunctional, which results in impaired ABCA1 macrophage transport, the activation of inflammatory pathways, and an increased risk of coronary artery disease. Understanding the features of dysfunctional HDL or apolipoprotein A-I in clinical practice might lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|