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Weinstein G, Beiser AS, Preis SR, Courchesne P, Chouraki V, Levy D, Seshadri S. Plasma clusterin levels and risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2016; 3:103-9. [PMID: 27453932 PMCID: PMC4949604 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic variation in the clusterin gene has been associated with Alzheimer Disease (AD), and the clusterin protein is thought to play a mechanistic role. We explored the associations of clusterin plasma levels with incident dementia, AD, and stroke. METHODS Plasma clusterin was assessed in 1532 nondemented participants from the Framingham Study Offspring cohort between 1998 and 2001 (mean age, 69 ± 6; 53% women). We related clusterin levels to risk of incident dementia, AD, and stroke using Cox-proportional hazards models and examined potential interactions. RESULTS A significant interaction of plasma clusterin levels with age was observed. Clusterin was significantly associated with increased risk of dementia among elderly persons (>80 years; hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval = 6.25, 1.64-23.89; P = .007) and with decreased risk of dementia (HR = 0.53, 0.32-0.88; P = .013) and stroke (HR = 0.78, 0.63-0.97; P = .029) among younger participants. DISCUSSION The association between plasma clusterin levels and risk of dementia and stroke may be modified by age or an age-related factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah R Preis
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Vincent Chouraki
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Kloučková J, Lacinová Z, Kaválková P, Trachta P, Kasalický M, Haluzíková D, Mráz M, Haluzík M. Plasma concentrations and subcutaneous adipose tissue mRNA expression of clusterin in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the effect of short-term hyperinsulinemia, very-low-calorie diet and bariatric surgery. Physiol Res 2016; 65:481-92. [PMID: 27070750 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusterin is a heterodimeric glycoprotein with wide range of functions. To further explore its possible regulatory role in energy homeostasis and in adipose tissue, we measured plasma clusterin and its mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) of 15 healthy lean women, 15 obese women (OB) and 15 obese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who underwent a 2-week very low-calorie diet (VLCD), 10 obese women without T2DM who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and 8 patients with T2DM, 8 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 8 normoglycemic patients who underwent hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEC). VLCD decreased plasma clusterin in OB but not in T2DM patients while LSG and HEC had no effect. Clusterin mRNA expression in SCAT at baseline was increased in OB and T2DM patients compared with controls. Clusterin mRNA expression decreased 6 months after LSG and remained decreased 12 months after LSG. mRNA expression of clusterin was elevated at the end of HEC compared with baseline only in normoglycemic but not in IGT or T2DM patients. In summary, our data suggest a possible local regulatory role for clusterin in the adipose tissue rather than its systemic involvement in the regulation of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kloučková
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic, Department of Obesitology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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103
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Genome-wide significant results identified for plasma apolipoprotein H levels in middle-aged and older adults. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23675. [PMID: 27030319 PMCID: PMC4814826 DOI: 10.1038/srep23675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein H (ApoH) is a multi-functional plasma glycoprotein that has been associated with negative health outcomes. ApoH levels have high heritability. We undertook a genome-wide association study of ApoH levels using the largest sample to date and replicated the results in an independent cohort (total N = 1,255). In the discovery phase, a meta-analysis of two cohorts, the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (Sydney MAS) and the Older Australian Twins Study (OATS) (n = 942) revealed genome-wide significant results in or near the APOH gene on chromosome 17 (top SNP, rs7211380, p = 1 × 10−11). The results were replicated in an independent cohort, the Hunter Community Study (p < 0.002) (n = 313). Conditional and joint analysis (COJO) confirmed the association of the chromosomal 17 region with ApoH levels. The set of independent SNPs identified by COJO explained 23% of the variance. The relationships between the top SNPs and cardiovascular/lipid/cognition measures and diabetes were assessed in Sydney MAS, with suggestive results observed for diabetes and cognitive performance. However, replication of these results in the smaller OATS cohort was not found. This work provides impetus for future research to better understand the contribution of genetics to ApoH levels and its possible impacts on health.
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Reaction Time Measures Predict Incident Dementia in Community-Living Older Adults: The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 24:221-31. [PMID: 26905045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the utility of intraindividual variability of reaction times (IIVRT) and mean reaction time (RT) as behavioral markers of incident all-cause dementia. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study followed biennially for 4 years, the community-based Sydney Memory and Ageing Study, 861 initially nondemented participants aged 70-90. Incident all-cause dementia determined by consensus, RT measures from simple and complex tasks, Mini-Mental State Exam and neuropsychological tests, Geriatric Depression Scale and Goldberg Anxiety Scale, cardiovascular risk score, apolipoprotein ε4 status, and the Bayer ADL Scale were used. Associations of baseline IIVRT and mean RT with time to dementia were evaluated with hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox proportional-hazards models with and without controlling for dementia risk factors. RESULTS Forty-eight cases developed dementia. Greater complex IIVRT predicted a 40% (HR: 1.43) and mean RT a 50%-60% (simple RT: HR 1.53; complex RT: HR 1.59) per standard deviation increased risk of developing dementia, remaining significant after controlling for age, education, sex, general cognitive function, mood, cerebrovascular disease, and genetic susceptibility. Prediction of incident dementia using demographical information and RT measures combined was comparable with several traditional neuropsychological measures (AUC 0.75), although lower than a full neuropsychological battery (AUC 0.90). Prediction of functional decline by RT measures combined was equal to the neuropsychological battery (multiple Rs of .233 and .238, respectively). CONCLUSION Brief RT measures provided information on risk of imminent dementia and functional decline within 4 years in older adults at a population level, with mean RT the stronger predictor.
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105
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Choi HJ, Seo EH, Yi D, Sohn BK, Choe YM, Byun MS, Lee JM, Woo JI, Lee DY. Amyloid-Independent Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Serum Apolipoprotein A1 Levels. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 24:144-53. [PMID: 26238231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the characteristics of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) in subjects with low brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) burden. Furthermore, the relationships between amyloid-independent cognitive decline and serum lipid profiles, particularly apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), were evaluated. DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal follow-up study. SETTING University hospital dementia clinic. PARTICIPANTS 28 aMCI and 35 cognitive normal (CN) elderly. MEASUREMENTS The study measures included baseline assessments of the subjects' clinical characteristics, lipid profiles, and magnetic resonance imaging and (11)C-labelled Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography scans. Based on PiB retention at baseline, the aMCI subjects were divided into low Aβ (aMCI-) and high Aβ (aMCI+) subgroups. All aMCI subjects were followed up over a 1-year period. RESULTS The aMCI- group had a longer duration of illness than did the aMCI+ group. None of the aMCI- subjects were diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia during the 1-year follow-up period, whereas 26.7% of aMCI+ subjects developed AD dementia. The aMCI- group also exhibited lower serum APOA1 levels compared with both the aMCI+ and CN groups. Additionally, lower serum APOA1 levels were associated with cognitive decline and brain atrophy independent of Aβ deposition and vascular burden. CONCLUSIONS Patients with aMCI- likely exhibit different clinical and pathophysiological characteristics than patients with aMCI+. Additionally, APOA1 may be an important contributor underlying amyloid-independent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital & Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hyun Seo
- Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital & Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Sohn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan BORAMAE Medical Center, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Choe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital & Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital & Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Inn Woo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital & Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital & Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Waller KL, Mortensen EL, Avlund K, Osler M, Fagerlund B, Lauritzen M, Jennum P. Subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in late midlife and their association with age-related changes in cognition. Sleep Med 2016; 17:165-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lehallier B, Essioux L, Gayan J, Alexandridis R, Nikolcheva T, Wyss-Coray T, Britschgi M. Combined Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Signature for the Prediction of Midterm Progression From Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol 2015; 73:203-212. [PMID: 26659895 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Importance A reliable method of detecting Alzheimer disease (AD) in its prodromal state is needed for patient stratification in clinical trials or for personalizing existing or potential upcoming therapies. Current cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)- or imaging-based single biomarkers for AD offer reliable identification of patients with underlying AD but insufficient prediction of the rate of AD progression. Objective To optimize prediction of progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD dementia by combining information from diverse patient variables. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study from the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) enrolled 928 patients with MCI at baseline and 249 selected variables available in the ADNI data set. Variables included clinical and demographic data, cognitive scores, magnetic resonance imaging-based brain volumetric data, the apolipoprotein E (APOE) and translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (TOMM40) genotypes, and analyte levels measured in the CSF and plasma. Data were collected in July 2012 and analyzed from July 1, 2012, to June 1, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures Progression from MCI to AD within 1 to 6 years. To determine whether combinations of markers could predict progression from MCI to AD within 1 to 6 years, the elastic net algorithm was used in an iterative resampling of a training- and test-based variable selection and modeling approach. Results Among the 928 patients with MCI in the ADNI database, 94 had 224 of the required variables available for the modeling. The results showed the contributions of age, Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes composite test score, hippocampal volume, and multiple plasma and CSF factors in modeling progression to AD. A combination of apolipoprotein A-II and cortisol levels in plasma and fibroblast growth factor 4, heart-type fatty acid binding protein, calcitonin, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 3 (TRAIL-R3) in CSF allowed for reliable prediction of disease status 3 years from the time of sample collection (80% classification accuracy, 88% sensitivity, and 70% specificity). Conclusions and Relevance These study findings suggest that a combination of markers measured in plasma and CSF, distinct from β-amyloid and tau, could prove useful in predicting midterm progression from MCI to AD dementia. Such a large-scale, multivariable-based analytical approach could be applied to other similar large data sets involving AD and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Lehallier
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Laurent Essioux
- Translational Technologies and Bioinformatics, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Javier Gayan
- Translational Technologies and Bioinformatics, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roxana Alexandridis
- Translational Technologies and Bioinformatics, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tania Nikolcheva
- Roche Pharma Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California4Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Markus Britschgi
- Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Areas, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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Serum Levels of ApoA1 and ApoA2 Are Associated with Cognitive Status in Older Men. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:481621. [PMID: 26682220 PMCID: PMC4670907 DOI: 10.1155/2015/481621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background. Advancing age, chronic inflammation, oxidative damage, and disorders of lipid metabolism are positively linked to the late-life cognitive impairment. Serum biomarkers may be associated with the cognitive status in older men. Methods. 440 old male subjects with different cognitive functions were recruited to investigate probable serum markers. Pearson Chi-Squared test, univariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate biomarkers which may be associated with cognitive status. Results. Levels of fundus atherosclerosis (AS) (P < 0.001), age (P < 0.001), serum biomarkers peroxidase (POD) (P = 0.026) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P = 0.001), serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.001), apolipoprotein A2 (ApoA2) (P = 0.001), and ApoC2 (P = 0.005) showed significant differences. Compared to group 3, ApoA1 in group 1 (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.67) and group 2 (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.11–1.94) were higher, while ApoA2 were lower (group 1: OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.18–1.02; group 2: OR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.08–0.54) after adjusting for control variables. Conclusion. The results demonstrated that age, AS levels, POD, IL-6, HDL-C, ApoA2, and ApoC2 were significantly related to cognitive status. Moreover, ApoA1 and ApoA2 were independently associated with cognitive impairment and late-life dementia.
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Gardner LA, Levin MC. Importance of Apolipoprotein A-I in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:278. [PMID: 26635608 PMCID: PMC4654019 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Jean-Martin Charcot has first described multiple sclerosis (MS) as a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) over a century ago. MS remains incurable today, and treatment options are limited to disease modifying drugs. Over the years, significant advances in understanding disease pathology have been made in autoimmune and neurodegenerative components. Despite the fact that brain is the most lipid rich organ in human body, the importance of lipid metabolism has not been extensively studied in this disorder. In MS, the CNS is under attack by a person's own immune system. Autoantigens and autoantibodies are known to cause devastation of myelin through up regulation of T-cells and cytokines, which penetrate through the blood-brain barrier to cause inflammation and myelin destruction. The anti-inflammatory role of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) has been implicated in a plethora of biological processes: vasodilation, immunity to infection, oxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis. However, it is not known what role HDL plays in neurological function and myelin repair in MS. Understanding of lipid metabolism in the CNS and in the periphery might unveil new therapeutic targets and explain the partial success of some existing MS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia A. Gardner
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael C. Levin
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Baird AL, Westwood S, Lovestone S. Blood-Based Proteomic Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Front Neurol 2015; 6:236. [PMID: 26635716 PMCID: PMC4644785 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its long prodromal phase poses challenges for early diagnosis and yet allows for the possibility of the development of disease modifying treatments for secondary prevention. It is, therefore, of importance to develop biomarkers, in particular, in the preclinical or early phases that reflect the pathological characteristics of the disease and, moreover, could be of utility in triaging subjects for preventative therapeutic clinical trials. Much research has sought biomarkers for diagnostic purposes by comparing affected people to unaffected controls. However, given that AD pathology precedes disease onset, a pathology endophenotype design for biomarker discovery creates the opportunity for detection of much earlier markers of disease. Blood-based biomarkers potentially provide a minimally invasive option for this purpose and research in the field has adopted various “omics” approaches in order to achieve this. This review will, therefore, examine the current literature regarding blood-based proteomic biomarkers of AD and its associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Baird
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Sarah Westwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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111
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Vanhooren V, Navarrete Santos A, Voutetakis K, Petropoulos I, Libert C, Simm A, Gonos ES, Friguet B. Protein modification and maintenance systems as biomarkers of ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2015; 151:71-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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112
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Boraxbekk CJ, Ames D, Kochan NA, Lee T, Thalamuthu A, Wen W, Armstrong NJ, Kwok JBJ, Schofield PR, Reppermund S, Wright MJ, Trollor JN, Brodaty H, Sachdev P, Mather KA. Investigating the influence of KIBRA and CLSTN2 genetic polymorphisms on cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of memory performance and hippocampal volume in older individuals. Neuropsychologia 2015; 78:10-7. [PMID: 26415670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The variability of episodic memory decline and hippocampal atrophy observed with increasing age may partly be explained by genetic factors. KIBRA (kidney and brain expressed protein) and CLSTN2 (calsyntenin 2) are two candidate genes previously linked to episodic memory performance and volume of the hippocampus, a key memory structure. However, whether polymorphisms in these two genes also influence age-related longitudinal memory decline and hippocampal atrophy is still unknown. Using data from two independent cohorts, the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study and the Older Australian Twins Study, we investigated whether the KIBRA and CLSTN2 genetic polymorphisms (rs17070145 and rs6439886) are associated with episodic memory performance and hippocampal volume in older adults (65-90 years at baseline). We were able to examine these polymorphisms in relation to memory and hippocampal volume using cross-sectional data and, more importantly, also using longitudinal data (2 years between testing occasions). Overall we did not find support for an association of KIBRA either alone or in combination with CLSTN2 with memory performance or hippocampal volume, nor did variation in these genes influence longitudinal memory decline or hippocampal atrophy in two cohorts of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Boraxbekk
- CEDAR, Center for Demographic and Aging Research, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; UFBI, Umeå centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Sweden.
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Teresa Lee
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - John B J Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Chen LN, Shi Q, Zhang BY, Zhang XM, Wang J, Xiao K, Lv Y, Sun J, Yang XD, Chen C, Zhou W, Han J, Dong XP. Proteomic Analyses for the Global S-Nitrosylated Proteins in the Brain Tissues of Different Human Prion Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5079-96. [PMID: 26392294 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterized by neuronal damage in brain. Protein S-nitrosylation, the covalent adduction of a NO to cysteine, plays a role in human brain biology, and brain dysfunction is a prominent feature of prion disease, yet the direct brain targets of S-nitrosylation are largely unknown. We described the first proteomic analysis of global S-nitrosylation in brain tissues of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), fatal familial insomnia (FFI), and genetic CJD with a substitution of valine for glycine at codon 114 of the prion protein gene (G114V gCJD) accompanying with normal control with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) combined with a nano-HPLC/Q-Exactive mass spectrometry platform. In parallel, we used several approaches to provide quality control for the experimentally defined S-nitrosylated proteins. A total of 1509 S-nitrosylated proteins (SNO-proteins) were identified, and data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002813. The cerebellum tissues appeared to contain more commonly differentially expressed SNO-proteins (DESPs) than cortex of sCJD, FFI, and gCJD. Three selected SNO-proteins were verified by Western blots, consistent with proteomics assays. Gene ontology analysis showed that more up-regulated DESPs were involved in metabolism, cell cytoskeleton/structure, and immune system both in the cortex and cerebellum, while more down-regulated ones in both regions were involved in cell cytoskeleton/structure, cell-cell communication, and miscellaneous function protein. Pathway analysis suggested that systemic lupus erythematosus, pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction were the most commonly affected pathways, which were identified from at least two different diseases. Using STRING database, the network of immune system and cell cytoskeleton and structure were commonly identified in the context of the up-regulated and down-regulated DESPs, respectively, both in the cortex and cerebellum. Our study thus have implications for understanding the molecular mechanisms of human prion diseases related to abnormal protein S-nitrosylation and pave the way for future studies focused on potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and therapy of human prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China. .,Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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114
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Schmidt C, Gerlach N, Schmitz M, Thom T, Kramer K, Friede T, Zerr I. Baseline CSF/Serum-Ratio of Apolipoprotein E and Rate of Differential Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 48:189-96. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schmidt
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, Georg-August-University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Gerlach
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, Georg-August-University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, Georg-August-University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Thom
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, Georg-August-University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kramer
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tim Friede
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, Georg-August-University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
- DZNE – German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Society, Goettingen, Germany
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115
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Jongbloed W, van Dijk KD, Mulder SD, van de Berg WD, Blankenstein MA, van der Flier W, Veerhuis R. Clusterin Levels in Plasma Predict Cognitive Decline and Progression to Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 46:1103-10. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Jongbloed
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin D. van Dijk
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Functional Neuroanatomy, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra D. Mulder
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- VUmc Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma D.J. van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Functional Neuroanatomy, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus A. Blankenstein
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje van der Flier
- VUmc Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Veerhuis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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116
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Craggs L, Taylor J, Slade JY, Chen A, Hagel C, Kuhlenbaeumer G, Borjesson-Hanson A, Viitanen M, Kalimo H, Deramecourt V, Oakley AE, Kalaria RN. Clusterin/Apolipoprotein J immunoreactivity is associated with white matter damage in cerebral small vessel diseases. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 42:194-209. [PMID: 25940137 PMCID: PMC4949672 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Brain clusterin is known to be associated with the amyloid-β deposits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assessed the distribution of clusterin immunoreactivity in cerebrovascular disorders, particularly focusing on white matter changes in small vessel diseases. METHODS Post-mortem brain tissues from the frontal or temporal lobes of a total of 70 subjects with various disorders including cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and AD were examined using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. We further used immunogold electron microscopy to study clusterin immunoreactivity in extracellular deposits in CADASIL. RESULTS Immunostaining with clusterin antibodies revealed strong localization in arterioles and capillaries, besides cortical neurones. We found that clusterin immunostaining was significantly increased in the frontal white matter of CADASIL and pontine autosomal dominant microangiopathy and leukoencephalopathy subjects. In addition, clusterin immunostaining correlated with white matter pathology severity scores. Immunostaining in axons ranged from fine punctate deposits in single axons to larger confluent areas with numerous swollen axon bulbs, similar to that observed with known axon damage markers such as non-phosphorylated neurofilament H and the amyloid precursor protein. Immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy experiments showed that whereas clusterin immunoreactivity was closely associated with vascular amyloid-β in CAA, it was lacking within the granular osmiophilic material immunolabelled by NOTCH3 extracelluar domain aggregates found in CADASIL. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a wider role for clusterin associated with white matter damage in addition to its ability to chaperone proteins for clearance via the perivascular drainage pathways in several disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Craggs
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute for Ageing & Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Julie Taylor
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute for Ageing & Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Janet Y Slade
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute for Ageing & Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aiqing Chen
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute for Ageing & Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christian Hagel
- Institute of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Kuhlenbaeumer
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Borjesson-Hanson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Salhgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Matti Viitanen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannu Kalimo
- Department of Neuropathology, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincent Deramecourt
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Excellence Laboratory DISTALZ, EA1046, Histology and Pathology Department, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Arthur E Oakley
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute for Ageing & Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute for Ageing & Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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117
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Sivadasan P, Gupta MK, Sathe GJ, Balakrishnan L, Palit P, Gowda H, Suresh A, Kuriakose MA, Sirdeshmukh R. Human salivary proteome--a resource of potential biomarkers for oral cancer. J Proteomics 2015; 127:89-95. [PMID: 26073025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteins present in human saliva offer an immense potential for clinical applications. However, exploring salivary proteome is technically challenged due to the presence of amylase and albumin in high abundance. In this study, we used four workflows to analyze human saliva from healthy individuals which involved depletion of abundant proteins using affinity-based separation methods followed by protein or peptide fractionation and high resolution mass spectrometry analysis. We identified a total of 1256 human salivary proteins, 292 of them being reported for the first time. All identifications were verified for any shared proteins/peptides from the salivary microbiome that may conflict with the human protein identifications. On integration of our results with the analyses reported earlier, we arrived at an updated human salivary proteome containing 3449 proteins, 808 of them have been reported as differentially expressed proteins in oral cancer tissues. The secretory nature of 598 of the 808 proteins has also been supported on the basis of the presence of signal sequence, transmembrane domain or association with exosomes. From this subset, we provide a priority list of 139 proteins along with their proteotypic peptides, which may serve as a reference for targeted investigations as secretory markers for clinical applications in oral malignancies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sivadasan
- Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, India; Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Gajanan J Sathe
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | | | - Priyanka Palit
- Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Amritha Suresh
- Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, India; Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Moni Abraham Kuriakose
- Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, India; Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, India.
| | - Ravi Sirdeshmukh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India; Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, India.
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118
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Mukaetova-Ladinska EB, Abdel-All Z, Andrade J, Alves da Silva J, O'Brien JT, Kalaria RN. Plasma and platelet clusterin ratio is altered in Alzheimer's disease patients with distinct neuropsychiatric symptoms: findings from a pilot study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 30:368-75. [PMID: 24921239 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clusterin protein in plasma has been found to differentiate between people with and without cognitive changes. However, these findings are not conclusive, despite the clusterin gene variations repeatedly being linked to increased risk for dementia, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHOD We analysed the level of clusterin in platelet and plasma in 25 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of AD and 26 subjects with no cognitive impairment. RESULTS In the current study, we report that the levels of both plasma and platelet clusterin are similar between AD and cognitively intact individuals. Clusterin plasma and platelet levels, as well as the plasma/platelet clusterin ratio, were not affected by age, gender, cognitive impairment and/or overt behavioural symptomatology, including presence of hallucinations and delusions, as well as depression. However, the plasma/platelet clusterin ratio was positively associated in with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory measures of agitation, apathy, irritability and motor aberrant behaviour in AD subjects. CONCLUSION Previous inconsistencies in reported blood clusterin levels may be a result of underlying non-cognitive symptoms in people with AD. Our findings need now to be replicated in larger group of dementia subjects.
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Deckers K, van Boxtel MPJ, Schiepers OJG, de Vugt M, Muñoz Sánchez JL, Anstey KJ, Brayne C, Dartigues JF, Engedal K, Kivipelto M, Ritchie K, Starr JM, Yaffe K, Irving K, Verhey FRJ, Köhler S. Target risk factors for dementia prevention: a systematic review and Delphi consensus study on the evidence from observational studies. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 30:234-46. [PMID: 25504093 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dementia has a multifactorial etiology, but the importance of individual health and lifestyle related risk factors is often uncertain or based on few studies. The goal of this paper is to identify the major modifiable risk factors for dementia as a first step in developing an effective preventive strategy and promoting healthy late life cognitive functioning. METHODS A mixed-method approach combined findings from a systematic literature review and a Delphi consensus study. The literature search was conducted in PubMed and updated an earlier review by the United States National Institutes of Health from 2010. We reviewed the available evidence from observational epidemiological studies. The online Delphi study asked eight international experts to rank and weigh each risk factor for its importance for dementia prevention. RESULTS Out of 3127 abstracts, 291 were included in the review. There was good agreement between modifiable risk factors identified in the literature review and risk factors named spontaneously by experts. After triangulation of both methods and re-weighting by experts, strongest support was found for depression, (midlife) hypertension, physical inactivity, diabetes, (midlife) obesity, hyperlipidemia, and smoking, while more research is needed for coronary heart disease, renal dysfunction, diet, and cognitive activity. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide good support for several somatic and lifestyle factors and will be used to inform the design of a new multicenter trial into dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Deckers
- Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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120
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Ashton NJ, Kiddle SJ, Graf J, Ward M, Baird AL, Hye A, Westwood S, Wong KV, Dobson RJ, Rabinovici GD, Miller BL, Rosen HJ, Torres A, Zhang Z, Thurfjell L, Covin A, Hehir CT, Baker D, Bazenet C, Lovestone S. Blood protein predictors of brain amyloid for enrichment in clinical trials? ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 1:48-60. [PMID: 27239491 PMCID: PMC4876903 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measures of neocortical amyloid burden (NAB) identify individuals who are at substantially greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Blood-based biomarkers predicting NAB would have great utility for the enrichment of AD clinical trials, including large-scale prevention trials. METHODS Nontargeted proteomic discovery was applied to 78 subjects from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing with a range of NAB values. Technical and independent replications were performed by immunoassay. RESULTS Seventeen discovery candidates were selected for technical replication. α2-Macroglobulin, fibrinogen γ-chain (FGG), and complement factor H-related protein 1 were confirmed to be associated with NAB. In an independent cohort, FGG plasma levels combined with age predicted NAB had a sensitivity of 59% and specificity of 78%. CONCLUSION A single blood protein, FGG, combined with age, was shown to relate to NAB and therefore could have potential for enrichment of clinical trial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Ashton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley, National Health Service Foundation, London, UK
| | - Steven J. Kiddle
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John Graf
- GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Malcolm Ward
- Proteomics Facility, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Alison L. Baird
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Abdul Hye
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley, National Health Service Foundation, London, UK
| | - Sarah Westwood
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley, National Health Service Foundation, London, UK
| | - Karyuan Vivian Wong
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard J. Dobson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley, National Health Service Foundation, London, UK
| | - Gil D. Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Howard J. Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Antonia Covin
- Janssen Research & Development, Neurosciences, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | - David Baker
- Janssen Research & Development, Neurosciences, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Chantal Bazenet
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley, National Health Service Foundation, London, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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121
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Mather KA, Armstrong NJ, Wen W, Kwok JB, Assareh AA, Thalamuthu A, Reppermund S, Duesing K, Wright MJ, Ames D, Trollor JN, Brodaty H, Schofield PR, Sachdev PS. Investigating the genetics of hippocampal volume in older adults without dementia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116920. [PMID: 25625606 PMCID: PMC4308067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal atrophy is observed with ageing and age-related neurodegenerative disease. Identification of the genetic correlates of hippocampal volume (HV) and atrophy may assist in elucidating the mechanisms of ageing and age-related neurodegeneration. Using two community cohorts of older Caucasians we estimated the heritability of HV and examined associations of HV with previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In addition we undertook genome-association studies (GWAS) examining HV and HV atrophy. Participants were community-dwelling non-demented older adults from the longitudinal Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (Sydney MAS) (N = 498) and the Older Australian Twins Study (OATS) (N = 351) aged 65 and over. HV was measured using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. Heritability of HV was estimated in OATS. Genome-wide genotyping was imputed using the 1K Genomes reference set. Associations with HV-candidate and Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related SNPs were investigated. A GWAS examining HV (in both cohorts) and an exploratory GWAS of HV atrophy over two years (in Sydney MAS only) were also undertaken. HV heritability was estimated at 62–65%. The previously identified GWAS HV SNP (rs6581612) and the candidate BDNF SNP (rs6265) were nominally significant (p = 0.047 and p = 0.041 respectively). No AD-related SNPs, including the APOE ε4 polymorphism, were significant. No significant results were observed for either of the GWAS undertaken. Despite our estimate of a high heritability of HV, our results are consistent with a highly polygenic model suggesting that SNPs identified from prior studies, including GWAS meta-analyses, can be difficult to replicate in smaller samples of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicola J. Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - John B. Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amelia A. Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Konsta Duesing
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Animal Food and Health Sciences Division, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
- Primary Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Teng E, Chow N, Hwang KS, Thompson PM, Gylys KH, Cole GM, Jack CR, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Soares HD, Weiner MW, Apostolova LG. Low plasma ApoE levels are associated with smaller hippocampal size in the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative cohort. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2014; 39:154-66. [PMID: 25547651 PMCID: PMC4323932 DOI: 10.1159/000368982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype is the strongest known genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the utility of plasma ApoE levels for assessing the severity of underlying neurodegenerative changes remains uncertain. Here, we examined cross-sectional associations between plasma ApoE levels and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging indices of the hippocampus from 541 participants [57 with normal cognition (NC), 375 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 109 with mild AD] who were enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Across the NC and MCI groups, lower plasma ApoE levels were significantly correlated with smaller hippocampal size, as measured by either hippocampal volume or hippocampal radial distance. These associations were driven primarily by findings from carriers of an APOE ε4 allele and are consistent with prior reports that lower plasma ApoE levels correlate with greater global cortical Pittsburgh Compound B retention. In this high-risk group, plasma ApoE levels may represent a peripheral marker of underlying AD neuropathology in nondemented elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Teng
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Chow
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristy S. Hwang
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, CA, USA
| | | | - Gregory M. Cole
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Clifford R. Jack
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael W. Weiner
- Departments of Medicine, Radiology, and Psychiatry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Liana G. Apostolova
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Cavedo E, Lista S, Khachaturian Z, Aisen P, Amouyel P, Herholz K, Jack CR, Sperling R, Cummings J, Blennow K, O'Bryant S, Frisoni GB, Khachaturian A, Kivipelto M, Klunk W, Broich K, Andrieu S, de Schotten MT, Mangin JF, Lammertsma AA, Johnson K, Teipel S, Drzezga A, Bokde A, Colliot O, Bakardjian H, Zetterberg H, Dubois B, Vellas B, Schneider LS, Hampel H. The Road Ahead to Cure Alzheimer's Disease: Development of Biological Markers and Neuroimaging Methods for Prevention Trials Across all Stages and Target Populations. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2014; 1:181-202. [PMID: 26478889 PMCID: PMC4606938 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2014.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressing non-linear dynamic brain disease in which pathophysiological abnormalities, detectable in vivo by biological markers, precede overt clinical symptoms by many years to decades. Use of these biomarkers for the detection of early and preclinical AD has become of central importance following publication of two international expert working group's revised criteria for the diagnosis of AD dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD, prodromal AD and preclinical AD. As a consequence of matured research evidence six AD biomarkers are sufficiently validated and partly qualified to be incorporated into operationalized clinical diagnostic criteria and use in primary and secondary prevention trials. These biomarkers fall into two molecular categories: biomarkers of amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and plaque formation as well as of tau-protein related hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration. Three of the six gold-standard ("core feasible) biomarkers are neuroimaging measures and three are cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analytes. CSF Aβ1-42 (Aβ1-42), also expressed as Aβ1-42 : Aβ1-40 ratio, T-tau, and P-tau Thr181 & Thr231 proteins have proven diagnostic accuracy and risk enhancement in prodromal MCI and AD dementia. Conversely, having all three biomarkers in the normal range rules out AD. Intermediate conditions require further patient follow-up. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at increasing field strength and resolution allows detecting the evolution of distinct types of structural and functional abnormality pattern throughout early to late AD stages. Anatomical or volumetric MRI is the most widely used technique and provides local and global measures of atrophy. The revised diagnostic criteria for "prodromal AD" and "mild cognitive impairment due to AD" include hippocampal atrophy (as the fourth validated biomarker), which is considered an indicator of regional neuronal injury. Advanced image analysis techniques generate automatic and reproducible measures both in regions of interest, such as the hippocampus and in an exploratory fashion, observer and hypothesis-indedendent, throughout the entire brain. Evolving modalities such as diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) and advanced tractography as well as resting-state functional MRI provide useful additionally useful measures indicating the degree of fiber tract and neural network disintegration (structural, effective and functional connectivity) that may substantially contribute to early detection and the mapping of progression. These modalities require further standardization and validation. The use of molecular in vivo amyloid imaging agents (the fifth validated biomarker), such as the Pittsburgh Compound-B and markers of neurodegeneration, such as fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) (as the sixth validated biomarker) support the detection of early AD pathological processes and associated neurodegeneration. How to use, interpret, and disclose biomarker results drives the need for optimized standardization. Multimodal AD biomarkers do not evolve in an identical manner but rather in a sequential but temporally overlapping fashion. Models of the temporal evolution of AD biomarkers can take the form of plots of biomarker severity (degree of abnormality) versus time. AD biomarkers can be combined to increase accuracy or risk. A list of genetic risk factors is increasingly included in secondary prevention trials to stratify and select individuals at genetic risk of AD. Although most of these biomarker candidates are not yet qualified and approved by regulatory authorities for their intended use in drug trials, they are nonetheless applied in ongoing clinical studies for the following functions: (i) inclusion/exclusion criteria, (ii) patient stratification, (iii) evaluation of treatment effect, (iv) drug target engagement, and (v) safety. Moreover, novel promising hypothesis-driven, as well as exploratory biochemical, genetic, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging markers for use in clinical trials are being developed. The current state-of-the-art and future perspectives on both biological and neuroimaging derived biomarker discovery and development as well as the intended application in prevention trials is outlined in the present publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cavedo
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMR S 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière Paris & CATI multicenter neuroimaging platform, France; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine, IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy
| | - S Lista
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière & Inserm U1127 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière Paris, France
| | - Z Khachaturian
- The Campaign to Prevent Alzheimer's Disease by 2020 (PAD2020), Potomac, MD, USA
| | - P Aisen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - P Amouyel
- Inserm, U744, Lille, 59000, France; Université Lille 2, Lille, 59000, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, 59000, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, 59000, France
| | - K Herholz
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - C R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R Sperling
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Cummings
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, 888 West Bonneville Avenue, Las Vegas, Nevada 89106, USA
| | - K Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - S O'Bryant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - G B Frisoni
- IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Kivipelto
- Karolinska Institutet Alzheimer Research Center, NVS, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
| | - K Broich
- Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - S Andrieu
- Inserm UMR1027, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Public health department, CHU de Toulouse
| | - M Thiebaut de Schotten
- Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMRS 1127 Paris, France; Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - J-F Mangin
- CEA UNATI, Neurospin, CEA Gif-sur-Yvette, France & CATI multicenter neuroimaging platform
| | - A A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Johnson
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, and DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany
| | - A Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne Germany
| | - A Bokde
- Cognitive Systems Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - O Colliot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm, U1127, F-75013, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225 ICM, 75013, Paris, France; Inria, Aramis project-team, Centre de Recherche Paris-Rocquencourt, France
| | - H Bakardjian
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpétrière University Hospital, Paris, France; IHU-A-ICM - Paris Institute of Translational Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - H Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - B Dubois
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière & Inserm U1127 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière Paris, France
| | - B Vellas
- Inserm UMR1027, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - L S Schneider
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière & Inserm U1127 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière Paris, France
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Poljak A, Hill M, Hall RJ, MacLullich AM, Raftery MJ, Tai J, Yan S, Caplan GA. Quantitative proteomics of delirium cerebrospinal fluid. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e477. [PMID: 25369144 PMCID: PMC4259987 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Delirium is a common cause and complication of hospitalization in older people, being associated with higher risk of future dementia and progression of existing dementia. However relatively little data are available on which biochemical pathways are dysregulated in the brain during delirium episodes, whether there are protein expression changes common among delirium subjects and whether there are any changes which correlate with the severity of delirium. We now present the first proteomic analysis of delirium cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and one of few studies exploring protein expression changes in delirium. More than 270 proteins were identified in two delirium cohorts, 16 of which were dysregulated in at least 8 of 17 delirium subjects compared with a mild Alzheimer's disease neurological control group, and 31 proteins were significantly correlated with cognitive scores (mini-mental state exam and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation III). Bioinformatics analyses revealed expression changes in several protein family groups, including apolipoproteins, secretogranins/chromogranins, clotting/fibrinolysis factors, serine protease inhibitors and acute-phase response elements. These data not only provide confirmatory evidence that the inflammatory response is a component of delirium, but also reveal dysregulation of protein expression in a number of novel and unexpected clusters of proteins, in particular the granins. Another surprising outcome of this work is the level of similarity of CSF protein profiles in delirium patients, given the diversity of causes of this syndrome. These data provide additional elements for consideration in the pathophysiology of delirium as well as potential biomarker candidates for delirium diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poljak
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Center for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Anzac Pde, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. E-mail:
| | - M Hill
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R J Hall
- Edinburgh Delirium Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - A M MacLullich
- Edinburgh Delirium Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - M J Raftery
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Tai
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Yan
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G A Caplan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Hottman DA, Chernick D, Cheng S, Wang Z, Li L. HDL and cognition in neurodegenerative disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 72 Pt A:22-36. [PMID: 25131449 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are a heterogeneous group of lipoproteins composed of various lipids and proteins. HDL is formed both in the systemic circulation and in the brain. In addition to being a crucial player in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, HDL possesses a wide range of other functions including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, pro-endothelial function, anti-thrombosis, and modulation of immune function. It has been firmly established that high plasma levels of HDL protect against cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that the beneficial role of HDL extends to many other systems including the central nervous system. Cognition is a complex brain function that includes all aspects of perception, thought, and memory. Cognitive function often declines during aging and this decline manifests as cognitive impairment/dementia in age-related and progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A growing concern is that no effective therapy is currently available to prevent or treat these devastating diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that HDL may play a pivotal role in preserving cognitive function under normal and pathological conditions. This review attempts to summarize recent genetic, clinical and experimental evidence for the impact of HDL on cognition in aging and in neurodegenerative disorders as well as the potential of HDL-enhancing approaches to improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hottman
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dustin Chernick
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Villeneuve S, Brisson D, Marchant NL, Gaudet D. The potential applications of Apolipoprotein E in personalized medicine. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:154. [PMID: 25071563 PMCID: PMC4085650 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine uses various individual characteristics to guide medical decisions. Apolipoprotein (ApoE), the most studied polymorphism in humans, has been associated with several diseases. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the potential role of ApoE polymorphisms in personalized medicine, with a specific focus on neurodegenerative diseases, by giving an overview of its influence on disease risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. This review is not a systematic inventory of the literature, but rather a summary and discussion of novel, influential and promising works in the field of ApoE research that could be valuable for personalized medicine. Empirical evidence suggests that ApoE genotype informs pre-symptomatic risk for a wide variety of diseases, is valuable for the diagnosis of type III dysbetalipoproteinemia, increases risk of dementia in neurodegenerative diseases, and is associated with a poor prognosis following acute brain damage. ApoE status appears to influence the efficacy of certain drugs, outcome of clinical trials, and might also give insight into disease prevention. Assessing ApoE genotype might therefore help to guide medical decisions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Villeneuve
- Department of Medicine, ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Université de Montréal Chicoutimi, QC, Canada ; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Diane Brisson
- Department of Medicine, ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Université de Montréal Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie L Marchant
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- Department of Medicine, ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Université de Montréal Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
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Martínez-Morillo E, Hansson O, Atagi Y, Bu G, Minthon L, Diamandis EP, Nielsen HM. Total apolipoprotein E levels and specific isoform composition in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma from Alzheimer's disease patients and controls. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:633-43. [PMID: 24633805 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 allele is the strongest risk factor of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, the fluid concentrations of ApoE and its different isoforms (ApoE2, ApoE3 and ApoE4) in AD patients and among APOE genotypes (APOE ε2, ε3, ε4) remain controversial. Using a novel mass spectrometry-based method, we quantified total ApoE and specific ApoE isoform concentrations and potential associations with age, cognitive status, cholesterol levels and established AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD patients versus non-AD individuals with different APOE genotypes. We also investigated plasma total ApoE and ApoE isoform composition in a subset of these individuals. In total n = 43 AD and n = 43 non-AD subjects were included. We found that CSF and plasma total ApoE levels did not correlate with age or cognitive status and did not differ between AD and non-AD subjects deeming ApoE as an unfit diagnostic marker for AD. Also, whereas CSF ApoE levels did not vary between APOE genotypes APOE ε4 carriers exhibited significantly decreased plasma ApoE levels attributed to a specific decrease in the ApoE4 isoform concentrations. CSF total ApoE concentrations were positively associated with CSF, total tau, tau phosphorylated at Thr181 and Aβ1-42 of which the latter association was weaker and only present in APOE ε4 carriers indicating a differential involvement of ApoE in tau versus Aβ-linked neuropathological processes. Future studies need to elucidate whether the observed plasma ApoE4 deficiency is a life-long condition in APOE ɛ4 carriers and whether this decrease in plasma ApoE predisposes APOE ɛ4 carriers to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Martínez-Morillo
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,
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Gui H, Jiang CQ, Cherny SS, Sham PC, Xu L, Liu B, Jin YL, Zhu T, Zhang WS, Thomas GN, Cheng KK, Lam TH. Influence of Alzheimer's disease genes on cognitive decline: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2422.e3-8. [PMID: 24863667 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a reduction in cognitive ability usually associated with aging, and those with more extreme cognitive decline either have or are at risk of progressing to mild cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that genetic variants predisposing to AD should be predictive of cognitive decline in elderly individuals. We selected 1325 subjects with extreme cognitive decline and 1083 well-matched control subjects from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study in which more than 30,000 southern Chinese older people have been recruited and followed up. Thirty single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 29 AD-associated genes were genotyped. No statistically significant allelic associations with cognitive decline were found by individual variant analysis. At the level of genotypic association, we confirmed that the APOE ε4 homozygote significantly accelerated cognitive decline and found that carriers of the ACE rs1800764_C allele were more likely to show cognitive decline than noncarriers, particularly in those without college education. However, these effects do not survive after multiple testing corrections, and together they only explain 1.7% of the phenotypic variance in cognitive score change. This study suggests that AD risk variants and/or genes are not powerful predictors of cognitive decline in our Chinese sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Gui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Stacey S Cherny
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Genomic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Genomic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangzhou No. 12 Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Li Jin
- Guangzhou No. 12 Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Guangzhou No. 12 Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - G Neil Thomas
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kar Keung Cheng
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Talwar P, Silla Y, Grover S, Gupta M, Agarwal R, Kushwaha S, Kukreti R. Genomic convergence and network analysis approach to identify candidate genes in Alzheimer's disease. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:199. [PMID: 24628925 PMCID: PMC4028079 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the leading genetically complex and heterogeneous disorder that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The underlying risk factors remain largely unclear for this heterogeneous disorder. In recent years, high throughput methodologies, such as genome-wide linkage analysis (GWL), genome-wide association (GWA) studies, and genome-wide expression profiling (GWE), have led to the identification of several candidate genes associated with AD. However, due to lack of consistency within their findings, an integrative approach is warranted. Here, we have designed a rank based gene prioritization approach involving convergent analysis of multi-dimensional data and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network modelling. Results Our approach employs integration of three different AD datasets- GWL,GWA and GWE to identify overlapping candidate genes ranked using a novel cumulative rank score (SR) based method followed by prioritization using clusters derived from PPI network. SR for each gene is calculated by addition of rank assigned to individual gene based on either p value or score in three datasets. This analysis yielded 108 plausible AD genes. Network modelling by creating PPI using proteins encoded by these genes and their direct interactors resulted in a layered network of 640 proteins. Clustering of these proteins further helped us in identifying 6 significant clusters with 7 proteins (EGFR, ACTB, CDC2, IRAK1, APOE, ABCA1 and AMPH) forming the central hub nodes. Functional annotation of 108 genes revealed their role in several biological activities such as neurogenesis, regulation of MAP kinase activity, response to calcium ion, endocytosis paralleling the AD specific attributes. Finally, 3 potential biochemical biomarkers were found from the overlap of 108 AD proteins with proteins from CSF and plasma proteome. EGFR and ACTB were found to be the two most significant AD risk genes. Conclusions With the assumption that common genetic signals obtained from different methodological platforms might serve as robust AD risk markers than candidates identified using single dimension approach, here we demonstrated an integrated genomic convergence approach for disease candidate gene prioritization from heterogeneous data sources linked to AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-199) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110 007, India.
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Meta-analysis of peripheral blood apolipoprotein E levels in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89041. [PMID: 24558469 PMCID: PMC3928366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral blood Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) levels have been proposed as biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but previous studies on levels of ApoE in blood remain inconsistent. This meta-analysis was designed to re-examine the potential role of peripheral ApoE in AD diagnosis and its potential value as a candidate biomarker. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, and BIOSIS previews for case-control studies measuring ApoE levels in serum or plasma from AD subjects and healthy controls. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the association between ApoE levels and AD risk. Results Eight studies with a total of 2250 controls and 1498 AD cases were identified and analyzed. The pooled WMD from a random-effect model of AD participants compared with the healthy controls was −5.59 mg/l (95% CI: [−8.12, −3.06]). The overall pattern in WMD was not varied by characteristics of study, including age, country, assay method, publication year, and sample type. Conclusions Our meta-analysis supports a lowered level of blood ApoE in AD patients, and indicates its potential value as an important risk factor for AD. Further investigation employing standardized assay for ApoE measurement are still warranted to uncover the precise role of ApoE in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Schmidt C, Becker H, Zerr I. Cerebrospinal fluid apolipoprotein E concentration and severity of cognitive impairment in patients with newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2014; 29:54-60. [PMID: 24277910 PMCID: PMC11008136 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513505133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Altered cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma levels have been previously reported in patients with AD. We hypothesized that CSF apoE levels of patients with newly diagnosed AD might be associated with their cognitive performance. METHODS Patients with AD (N = 71) enrolled into an observational study underwent neuropsychological testing (Consortium to Establish a Registry for AD [CERAD] plus) at time of diagnosis. The CSF was obtained, and apoE concentrations were determined. Generalized linear models were constructed to assess the associations of apoE and neuropsychological measures while adjusting for important potential confounders. RESULTS No association of CSF apoE levels and cognitive function could be demonstrated. Still, the use of neuroleptic drugs, female gender, preprogression time, and lower education were linked to worse cognitive function in some domains. CONCLUSION The CSF apoE appears not to be suitable as a biochemical surrogate of cognitive function in AD under the given circumstances. By means of longitudinal analyses, potential associations with the velocity of decline will be investigated in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Harry Becker
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
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Abstract
Dementia is currently diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and signs, but significant brain damage has already occurred by the time a clinical diagnosis of dementia is made, and it is increasingly recognized that this may be too late for any effective intervention. It would therefore be of great public health and preventive value to define a variety of biomarkers that could permit early detection of persons at a higher risk for developing dementia, and specifically dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, for the purpose of large-scale screening, circulating biomarkers are more appropriate because they are less invasive than lumbar puncture, less costly than brain amyloid imaging and can be easily assessed repeatedly in a primary care clinic setting. In this brief review we will review a number of candidate molecules implicated as possible predictors of dementia risk. These candidates include markers of vascular injury, metabolic and inflammatory states, amyloid and tau pathway markers, measures of neural degeneration and repair efforts, and other molecules that might contribute to anatomical and functional changes characteristic of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Weinstein
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, B602, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, B602, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
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133
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Song F, Poljak A, Kochan NA, Raftery M, Brodaty H, Smythe GA, Sachdev PS. Plasma protein profiling of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics. Proteome Sci 2014; 12:5. [PMID: 24433274 PMCID: PMC3898732 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-12-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the promise of disease modifying treatments, there is a need for more specific diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Plasma biomarkers are likely to be utilised to increase diagnostic accuracy and specificity of AD and cognitive decline. METHODS Isobaric tags (iTRAQ) and proteomic methods were used to identify potential plasma biomarkers of MCI and AD. Relative protein expression level changes were quantified in plasma of 411 cognitively normal subjects, 19 AD patients and 261 MCI patients. Plasma was pooled into 4 groups including normal control, AD, amnestic single and multiple domain MCI (aMCI), and nonamnestic single and multiple domain MCI (nMCI). Western-blotting was used to validate iTRAQ data. Integrated function and protein interactions were explored using WEB based bioinformatics tools (DAVID v6.7 and STRING v9.0). RESULTS In at least two iTRAQ replicate experiments, 30 proteins were significantly dysregulated in MCI and AD plasma, relative to controls. These proteins included ApoA1, ApoB100, complement C3, C4b-binding protein, afamin, vitamin D-binding protein precursor, isoform 1 of Gelsolin actin regulator, Ig mμ chain C region (IGHM), histidine-rich glycoprotein and fibrinogen β and γ chains. Western-blotting confirmed that afamin was decreased and IGHM was increased in MCI and AD groups. Bioinformatics results indicated that these dysregulated proteins represented a diversity of biological processes, including acute inflammatory response, cholesterol transport and blood coagulation. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that expression level changes in multiple proteins are observed in MCI and AD plasma. Some of these, such as afamin and IGHM, may be candidate biomarkers for AD and the predementia condition of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Poljak
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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134
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Snyder HM, Carrillo MC, Grodstein F, Henriksen K, Jeromin A, Lovestone S, Mielke MM, O'Bryant S, Sarasa M, Sjøgren M, Soares H, Teeling J, Trushina E, Ward M, West T, Bain LJ, Shineman DW, Weiner M, Fillit HM. Developing novel blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2014; 10:109-14. [PMID: 24365657 PMCID: PMC4769619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the public health crisis of the 21st century. There is a clear need for a widely available, inexpensive and reliable method to diagnosis Alzheimer's disease in the earliest stages, track disease progression, and accelerate clinical development of new therapeutics. One avenue of research being explored is blood based biomarkers. In April 2012, the Alzheimer's Association and the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation convened top scientists from around the world to discuss the state of blood based biomarker development. This manuscript summarizes the meeting and the resultant discussion, including potential next steps to move this area of research forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Snyder
- Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Maria C Carrillo
- Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim Henriksen
- Biomarker and Research Division, Nordic Biosciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Simon Lovestone
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine and Neurosciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sid O'Bryant
- Internal Medicine Department, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tim West
- C2N Diagnostics, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael Weiner
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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135
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Ponomareva N, Andreeva T, Protasova M, Shagam L, Malina D, Goltsov A, Fokin V, Mitrofanov A, Rogaev E. Age-dependent effect of Alzheimer's risk variant of CLU on EEG alpha rhythm in non-demented adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:86. [PMID: 24379779 PMCID: PMC3861782 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphism in the genomic region harboring the CLU gene (rs11136000) has been associated with the risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). CLU C allele is assumed to confer risk for AD and the allele T may have a protective effect. We investigated the influence of the AD-associated CLU genotype on a common neurophysiological trait of brain activity (resting-state alpha-rhythm activity) in non-demented adults and elucidated whether this influence is modified over the course of aging. We examined quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) in a cohort of non-demented individuals (age range 20–80) divided into young (age range 20–50) and old (age range 51–80) cohorts and stratified by CLU polymorphism. To rule out the effect of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype on EEG characteristics, only subjects without the ApoE ε4 allele were included in the study. The homozygous presence of the AD risk variant CLU CC in non-demented subjects was associated with an increase of alpha3 absolute power. Moreover, the influence of CLU genotype on alpha3 was found to be higher in the subjects older than 50 years of age. The study also showed age-dependent alterations of alpha topographic distribution that occur independently of the CLU genotype. The increase of upper alpha power has been associated with hippocampal atrophy in patients with mild cognitive impairment (Moretti etal., 2012a). In our study, the CLU CC-dependent increase in upper alpha rhythm, particularly enhanced in elderly non-demented individuals, may imply that the genotype is related to preclinical dysregulation of hippocampal neurophysiology in aging and that this factor may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Ponomareva
- Brain Research Department, Research Center of Neurology Russian Academy of Medical Science Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Andreeva
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia ; Center of Brain Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Institute of Cytogenetics and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria Protasova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
| | - Lev Shagam
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Malina
- Brain Research Department, Research Center of Neurology Russian Academy of Medical Science Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Goltsov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly Fokin
- Brain Research Department, Research Center of Neurology Russian Academy of Medical Science Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Evgeny Rogaev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia ; Center of Brain Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Institute of Cytogenetics and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk, Russia ; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, BNRI Worcester, MA, USA
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136
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Tsang RSM, Sachdev PS, Reppermund S, Kochan NA, Kang K, Crawford J, Wen W, Draper B, Trollor JN, Slavin MJ, Mather KA, Assareh A, Seeher KM, Brodaty H. Sydney Memory and Ageing Study: an epidemiological cohort study of brain ageing and dementia. Int Rev Psychiatry 2013; 25:711-25. [PMID: 24423224 DOI: 10.3109/09540261.2013.860890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-demented community-dwelling older adults aged 70-90 years (n = 1,037) randomly recruited from the electoral roll completed neuropsychological and medical assessments over six years. The overall prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline was 36.7%. Risk factors for MCI include APOE ε4 allele carrier status, high homocysteine, heart disease, poor odour identification, low visual acuity and low mental activity, but notable age and sex differences were observed. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were rare; depression was the most common and was associated with cognitive impairment in at least one domain as well as subsequent dementia 2 years later. Poorer cognitively demanding functional abilities were associated with cognitive impairment. Biomarkers for cognitive impairment and decline were identified. Inflammatory markers and plasma apolipoprotein levels were associated with poorer performance in the attention/processing speed domain. Measures of white matter lesions, white matter integrity, sulcal morphology and tractography were identified as novel biomarkers of early cognitive decline. Stronger deactivation in the posteromedial cortex with increasing memory load on functional MRI predicted future decline. Compared to previous reports, our prevalence rates of MCI were higher but rates of progression to dementia and reversion to normal were similar, as were risk factors for progression to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby S M Tsang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
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137
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Pallis AG, Hatse S, Brouwers B, Pawelec G, Falandry C, Wedding U, Lago LD, Repetto L, Ring A, Wildiers H. Evaluating the physiological reserves of older patients with cancer: the value of potential biomarkers of aging? J Geriatr Oncol 2013; 5:204-18. [PMID: 24495695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging of an individual entails a progressive decline of functional reserves and loss of homeostasis that eventually lead to mortality. This process is highly individualized and is influenced by multiple genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. This individualization and the diversity of factors influencing aging result in a significant heterogeneity among people with the same chronological age, representing a major challenge in daily oncology practice. Thus, many factors other than mere chronological age will contribute to treatment tolerance and outcome in the older patients with cancer. Clinical/comprehensive geriatric assessment can provide information on the general health status of individuals, but is far from perfect as a prognostic/predictive tool for individual patients. On the other hand, aging can also be assessed in terms of biological changes in certain tissues like the blood compartment which result from adaptive alterations due to past history of exposures, as well as intrinsic aging processes. There are major signs of 'aging' in lymphocytes (e.g. lymphocyte subset distribution, telomere length, p16INK4A expression), and also in (inflammatory) cytokine expression and gene expression patterns. These result from a combination of the above two processes, overlaying genetic predispositions which contribute significantly to the aging phenotype. These potential "aging biomarkers" might provide additional prognostic/predictive information supplementing clinical evaluation. The purpose of the current paper is to describe the most relevant potential "aging biomarkers" (markers that indicate the biological functional age of patients) which focus on the biological background, the (limited) available clinical data, and technical challenges. Despite their great potential interest, there is a need for much more (validated) clinical data before these biomarkers could be used in a routine clinical setting. This manuscript tries to provide a guideline on how these markers can be integrated in future research aimed at providing such data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios G Pallis
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Elderly Task Force, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, and Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Brouwers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, and Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Center for Medical Research, ZMF, University of Tübingen Medical School, Waldhörnlestr. 22, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claire Falandry
- Geriatrics Unit, Lyon Sud University Hospital, Pierre-Benite, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, Lyon Sud Medicine Faculty, Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - Ulrich Wedding
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Lissandra Dal Lago
- Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Lazzaro Repetto
- Dipartimento Oncologia, Ospedale di Sanremo, Via G Borea, 56, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | | | - Hans Wildiers
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Elderly Task Force, Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, and Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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138
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Shibata N, Nagata T, Shinagawa S, Ohnuma T, Shimazaki H, Komatsu M, Kuerban B, Tomson K, Nakayama K, Yamada H, Arai H. Genetic association between APOA1 and APOD polymorphisms and Alzheimer's disease in a Japanese population. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 120:1599-603. [PMID: 23690001 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in lipoproteins are involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). For sporadic AD, the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is recognized as a sole genetic risk factor. Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) has been suggested to bind amyloid β and promoter polymorphisms of the APOA1 gene were likely to affect the onset of the disease. Apolipoprotein D (APOD) expression is upregulating in AD brain and evidences showed APOD polymorphisms affect the risk for AD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms of both APOA1 and APOD genes are associated with early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD). Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the two genes were analyzed using a case-control study design. There were no associations between the two SNPs of the APOA1 gene and the onset of AD. No synergetic associations were found among the APOA1 SNPs, APOE and the risk for AD. Rs7659, 3' UTR polymorphism of the APOD gene was associated with EOAD in APOEε4 (-) subgroup. We were unable to show any impact of the other two SNPs of the APOD gene on the risk for AD. Our results suggest that the variation of the APOD gene modifies the risk for AD. Further association studies for APOD 3' UTR polymorphisms with other ethnic groups would be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuto Shibata
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan,
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139
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Brown KJ, Seol H, Pillai DK, Sankoorikal BJ, Formolo CA, Mac J, Edwards NJ, Rose MC, Hathout Y. The human secretome atlas initiative: implications in health and disease conditions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:2454-61. [PMID: 23603790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic analysis of human body fluids is highly challenging, therefore many researchers are redirecting efforts toward secretome profiling. The goal is to define potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the secretome that can be traced back in accessible human body fluids. However, currently there is a lack of secretome profiles of normal human primary cells making it difficult to assess the biological meaning of current findings. In this study we sought to establish secretome profiles of human primary cells obtained from healthy donors with the goal of building a human secretome atlas. Such an atlas can be used as a reference for discovery of potential disease associated biomarkers and eventually novel therapeutic targets. As a preliminary study, secretome profiles were established for six different types of human primary cell cultures and checked for overlaps with the three major human body fluids including plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and urine. About 67% of the 1054 identified proteins in the secretome of these primary cells occurred in at least one body fluid. Furthermore, comparison of the secretome profiles of two human glioblastoma cell lines to this new human secretome atlas enabled unambiguous identification of potential brain tumor biomarkers. These biomarkers can be easily monitored in different body fluids using stable isotope labeled standard proteins. The long term goal of this study is to establish a comprehensive online human secretome atlas for future use as a reference for any disease related secretome study. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: An Updated Secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy J Brown
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC 20010, USA
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